Perhitungan Kinerja Alat Heat Exchanger 1-202-C Secara Desain

Tabel 25. Data Desain HE 1-202-C

Item Kondisi
Laju Alir Fluida Panas (W), kg/hr 26610
Laju Alir Fluida Dingin (W), kg/hr 119352
Temperatur Masuk Fluida Panas, ℃ 69,8
Temperatur Keluar Fluida Panas, ℃ 37,8
Temperatur Masuk Fluida Dingin, ℃ 32
Temperatur Keluar Fluida Dingin, ℃ 37,8
Sumber : Ammonia Plant Pusri IB, 2015

1. Menghitung Heat Balance

a) Shell Side (Treated Gas)
2,2046 𝑙𝑏
WS = 26.610 kg/hr = 26.610 kg/hr x 1 𝑘𝑔
= 58.664,406 lb/hr
CP = 0,536 BTU/lb℉
Q = WS x CP x ∆𝑇
= 58.664,406 lb/hr x 0,536 BTU/lb℉ x (157,64 – 100,04) ℉
= 1.811.181,405 BTU/hr
b) Tube Side (Cooling Water)
2,2046 𝑙𝑏
Wt = 119.352 kg/hr = 119.352 kg/hr x 1 𝑘𝑔
= 263.123,4192 lb/hr

CP = 1,000 BTU/lb℉
Q = Wt x CP x ∆𝑇
= 263.123,4192 lb/hr x 1,000 BTU/lb℉ x (100,04 – 89,6) ℉
= 2.747.008,496 BTU/hr
2. Menghitung LMTD (Log Mean Temperature Different)
(𝑇1 −𝑡2 )− (𝑇2 −𝑡1 )
TLMTD = (𝑇 −𝑡2 )
ln{((𝑇1 )}
2 −𝑡1 )
(157,64−100,04)− (100,04−89,6)
= (157,64−100,04)
ln{( (100,04−89,6) )}

= 27,64 ℉
(𝑇1 −𝑇2 ) 57,6 ℉
R = (𝑡 = 10,44 ℉ = 5,51
2 −𝑡1 )
(𝑡 −𝑡 ) 10,44 ℉
S = (𝑇2 −𝑡1 ) = = 0,153
1 1 68,04 ℉
Ft = 0,99 (fig. 18 kern hal. 828)
∆𝑡 = TLMTD x Ft
= 27,64 ℉ x 0,99
= 27,3636 ℉
3. Menghitung T rata-rata
(𝑇1 − 𝑇2 ) (157,64 ℉ + 100,04 ℉)
Tavg = = = 128,84 ℉
2 2
(𝑡1 − 𝑡2 ) (100,04 ℉ + 89,6 ℉ )
tavg = = = 94,82 ℉
2 2
4. Menghitung Flow Area
0,03937 𝑖𝑛
ID = 630 mm = 630 mm x = 24,80 in
1 𝑚𝑚

0,03937 𝑖𝑛
OD = 19,0 mm = 19,0 mm x = 0,74803 in
1 𝑚𝑚
0,03937 𝑖𝑛
B = 550 mm = 550 mm x = 21,6535 in
1 𝑚𝑚
0,03937 𝑖𝑛
PT = 25,4 mm = 25,4 mm x = 0,999998 in
1 𝑚𝑚
C’ = PT - OD= 0,999998 in - 0,74803 in = 0,251968 in
a) Shell Side (Treated Gas)
𝐼𝐷 𝑥 C’ x B
Flow Area, as = 144 𝑥 𝑃𝑇
24,80 𝑖𝑛 𝑥 0,251968 𝑥 21,6535 𝑖𝑛
= 𝑖𝑛2
144 𝑥 0,99998 in
𝑓𝑡2

= 0,9396 ft2
b) Tube Side
a’t = 0,268 in2 (table. 10 kern hal. 843)
No. Of tubes, Nt = 415
No. Of passes, n = 4
Nt x a’t
Flow Area, at = 𝑖𝑛2
144 𝑥n
𝑓𝑡2
415 𝑥 0,268
= 𝑖𝑛2
144 𝑥 4
𝑓𝑡2

= 0,1930 ft2
5. Menghitung Mass Velocity (GS dan Gt)
a) Shell Side (Treated Gas)
Ws = 58.664,406 lb/hr
as = 0,9396 ft2
𝑊 58.664,406 lb/hr
GS = 𝑎 𝑠 = = 62.435,51 lb/ ft2hr
𝑆 0,9396 ft2
b) Tube Side (Cooling Water)
Wt = 263.123,4192 lb/hr
at = 0,1930 ft2
𝑊𝑡 263.123,4192 lb/hr
Gt = = = 1.363.333,778 lb/ ft2hr
𝑎𝑡 0,1930 ft2
6. Menghitung Bilangan Reynold
a) Shell Side (Treated Gas)
1 𝑓𝑡
De = 0,73 in = 0,73 in x 12 𝑖𝑛 = 0,0608 ft
𝜇 = 0,02904 lb/ ft hr
 GS = 62.435,51 lb/ ft2hr
De x Gs 0,0608 ft x 62.435,51 lb/ ft2h
Res = = = 130.718,97
𝜇 0,02904 lb/ ft hr
Jh = 340 (fig. 28 kern hal. 838)
b) Tube Side (Cooling Water)
1 𝑓𝑡
D = 0,584 in = 0,584 in x 12 𝑖𝑛 = 0,0486 ft (table 10 kern hal 843)
𝜇 = 1,8392 lb/ ft hr
Gt = 1.363.333,778 lb/ ft2hr
D x Gt 0,0486 ft x 1.363.333,778 lb/ ft2h
Ret = = = 36.025,4576
𝜇 1,8392 lb/ ft hr
Jh = 112 (fig. 24 kern hal. 834)

7. Menghitung Thermal Function

a) Shell Side (Treated Gas)
1 1
𝑐𝑝 𝑥 𝜇 0,536 𝑥 0,02904
( )3=( )3
𝑘 0,032
= 0,,7883
b) Tube Side (Cooling Water)
1 1
𝑐𝑝 𝑥 𝜇 1,000 𝑥 1,8392
( )3=( )3
𝑘 0,3769
= 1,687
8. Menghitung Nilai Ho, Hi dan Hio
a) Menghitung Ho (Shell Side)
1
𝑘 𝑐𝑝 𝑥 𝜇
Ho = jH x 𝐷𝑒 x ( )3x1
𝑘
𝐵𝑇𝑈
0,3769
ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡2 (℉/𝑓𝑡
= 340 x x 0,7883 x 1
0,0608 𝑓𝑡
= 141,064 BTU/ft2hr℉
b) Menghitung Hi (Tube Side)
1
𝑘 𝑐𝑝 𝑥 𝜇
HI = jH x 𝐷𝑒 x ( )3x1
𝑘
𝐵𝑇𝑈
0,3769 )
ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡2 (℉/𝑓𝑡)
= 112 x x 1,667 x 1
0,0486𝑓𝑡
= 1465,287 BTU/ft2hr℉
c) Menghitung Hio
𝐼𝐷
Hio = hi x 𝑂𝐷
𝐵𝑇𝑈 0,584 𝑖𝑛
= 1465,287 ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡 2 hr ℉ x 0,748 𝑖𝑛
𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 1144,020 ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡 2 hr ℉
9. Menghitung Clean Over All Coefficient (Uc)
ℎ𝑖𝑜 𝑥 ℎ𝑜
Uc = ℎ𝑖𝑜+ℎ𝑜
 𝐵𝑇𝑈
1144,020 𝑥 141,064 BTU/ft2hr℉
ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡2 hr ℉
= 𝐵𝑇𝑈
1144,020 + 141,064 BTU/ft2hr℉
ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡2 hr ℉

= 125,578 BTU/𝑓𝑡 2 hr ℉

10. Menghitung Design Overall Coefficient

A= a’’ L Nt
= 0,1963 x 14,7645 x 415
= 1202,782 ft2 = 111,7 m2
1 1
= 𝑈𝑐 + RD
𝑈𝑑
𝑅𝑑 = 0,0002
1 1
= 125,578 + 0,0002
𝑈𝑑
UD = 120,58

Perhitungan Kinerja Alat Heat Exchanger 1-202-C Secara Aktual

Tabel 26. Data Aktual HE 1-202-C

Tanggal: 31 Juli 2015

Item Kondisi
Laju Alir Fluida Panas (W), kg/hr 24910
Laju Alir Fluida Dingin (W), kg/hr 128500
Temperatur Masuk Fluida Panas, ℃ 60
Temperatur Keluar Fluida Panas, ℃ 36
Temperatur Masuk Fluida Dingin, ℃ 34
Temperatur Keluar Fluida Dingin, ℃ 39
Sumber : Ammonia Plant Pusri IB, 2015

11. Menghitung Heat Balance

c) Shell Side (Treated Gas)
2,2046 𝑙𝑏
WS = 24910 kg/hr = 24910kg/hr x 1 𝑘𝑔
= 54.916,586 lb/hr
CP = 0,629 BTU/lb℉
Q = WS x CP x ∆𝑇
= 54.916,586 lb/hr x 0,629 BTU/lb℉ x (140 – 96,8) ℉
= 1.492.237,408 BTU/hr
d) Tube Side (Cooling Water)
2,2046 𝑙𝑏
Wt = 128.500kg/hr = 128.500kg/hr x 1 𝑘𝑔
= 283.291,1 lb/hr
 CP = 1,000 BTU/lb℉
Q = Wt x CP x ∆𝑇
= 283.291,1 lb/hr x 1,000 BTU/lb℉ x (102,2 – 93,2) ℉
= 2.549.619,9 BTU/hr
12. Menghitung LMTD (Log Mean Temperature Different)
(𝑇1 −𝑡2 )− (𝑇2 −𝑡1 )
TLMTD = (𝑇 −𝑡2 )
ln{((𝑇1 )}
2 −𝑡1 )
(140−102,2)− (96,8−93,2)
= (140−102,2)
ln{( (96,8−93,2) )}

= 14,54 ℉
(𝑇1 −𝑇2 ) 43,2 ℉
R = (𝑡 = = 4,8
2 −𝑡1 ) 9℉
(𝑡 −𝑡 ) 9℉
S = (𝑇2 −𝑡1 ) = 46,8 ℉ = 0,192
1 1
Ft = 0,97 (fig. 18 kern hal. 828)
∆𝑡 = TLMTD x Ft
= 14,54 ℉ x 0,97
= 14,1329 ℉

13. Menghitung T rata-rata

(𝑇1 − 𝑇2 ) (140 ℉ + 96,8 ℉)
Tavg = = = 118,4 ℉
2 2
(𝑡1 − 𝑡2 ) (93,2 ℉ + 102,2 ℉ )
tavg = = = 97,7 ℉
2 2
14. Menghitung Flow Area
0,03937 𝑖𝑛
ID = 630 mm = 630 mm x = 24,80 in
1 𝑚𝑚

0,03937 𝑖𝑛
OD = 19,0 mm = 19,0 mm x = 0,74803 in
1 𝑚𝑚
0,03937 𝑖𝑛
B = 550 mm = 550 mm x = 21,6535 in
1 𝑚𝑚
0,03937 𝑖𝑛
PT = 25,4 mm = 25,4 mm x = 0,999998 in
1 𝑚𝑚
C’ = PT - OD= 0,999998 in - 0,74803 in = 0,251968 in
c) Shell Side (Treated Gas)
𝐼𝐷 𝑥 C’ x B
Flow Area, as = 144 𝑥 𝑃𝑇
24,80 𝑖𝑛 𝑥 0,251968 𝑥 21,6535 𝑖𝑛
= 𝑖𝑛2
144 𝑥 0,99998 in
𝑓𝑡2

= 0,9396 ft2
d) Tube Side
a’t = 0,268 in2 (table. 10 kern hal. 843)
No. Of tubes, Nt = 415
No. Of passes, n = 4
 Nt x a’t
Flow Area, at = 𝑖𝑛2
144 𝑥n
𝑓𝑡2
415 𝑥 0,268
= 𝑖𝑛2
144 𝑥 4
𝑓𝑡2

= 0,1930 ft2
15. Menghitung Mass Velocity (GS dan Gt)
c) Shell Side (Treated Gas)
Ws = 54.916,586 lb/hr
as = 0,9396 ft2
𝑊 54.916,586 lb/hr
GS = 𝑎 𝑠 = = 58.446,770 lb/ ft2hr
𝑆 0,9396 ft2
d) Tube Side (Cooling Water)
Wt = 283.291,1 lb/hr
at = 0,1930 ft2
𝑊𝑡 283.291,1 lb/hr
Gt = = = 1.467.829,53 lb/ ft2hr
𝑎𝑡 0,1930 ft2
16. Menghitung Bilangan Reynold
c) Shell Side (Treated Gas)
1 𝑓𝑡
De = 0,73 in = 0,73 in x 12 𝑖𝑛 = 0,0608 ft
𝜇 = 0,02783 lb/ ft hr
GS = 58.446,770 lb/ ft2hr
De x Gs 0,0608 ft x 58.446,770 lb/ ft2h
Res = = = 127688,3
𝜇 0,02904 lb/ ft hr
Jh = 330 (fig. 28 kern hal. 838)
d) Tube Side (Cooling Water)
1 𝑓𝑡
D = 0,584 in = 0,584 in x 12 𝑖𝑛 = 0,0486 ft (table 10 kern hal 843)
𝜇 = 1,815 lb/ ft hr
Gt = 1.467.829,53 lb/ ft2hr
D x Gt 0,0486 ft x 1.467.829,53 lb/ ft2h
Ret = = = 39.303,86
𝜇 1,8392 lb/ ft hr
Jh = 120 (fig. 24 kern hal. 834)

17. Menghitung Thermal Function

c) Shell Side (Treated Gas)
1 1
𝑐𝑝 𝑥 𝜇 0,629 𝑥 0,02783
( )3=( )3
𝑘 0,0208
= 0,9446
d) Tube Side (Cooling Water)
1 1
𝑐𝑝 𝑥 𝜇 1,000 𝑥 1,815
( )3=( )3
𝑘 0,370
= 1,690
18. Menghitung Nilai Ho, Hi dan Hio
d) Menghitung Ho (Shell Side)
1
𝑘 𝑐𝑝 𝑥 𝜇
Ho = jH x 𝐷𝑒 x ( )3x1
𝑘
𝐵𝑇𝑈
0,0208
ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡2 (℉/𝑓𝑡
= 340 x x 0,9446 x 1
0,0608 𝑓𝑡
= 106,640 BTU/ft2hr℉
e) Menghitung Hi (Tube Side)
1
𝑘 𝑐𝑝 𝑥 𝜇
Hi = jH x 𝐷𝑒 x ( )3x1
𝑘
𝐵𝑇𝑈
0,370 )
ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡2 (℉/𝑓𝑡)
= 112 x x 1,690 x 1
0,0486𝑓𝑡
= 1543,95 BTU/ft2hr℉
f) Menghitung Hio
𝐼𝐷
Hio = hi x 𝑂𝐷
𝐵𝑇𝑈 0,584 𝑖𝑛
= 1543,95ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡 2 hr ℉ x 0,748 𝑖𝑛
𝐵𝑇𝑈
= 1205,43 ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡 2 hr ℉
19. Menghitung Clean Over All Coefficient (Uc)
ℎ𝑖𝑜 𝑥 ℎ𝑜
Uc = ℎ𝑖𝑜+ℎ𝑜
𝐵𝑇𝑈
1205,43 𝑥 106,640 BTU/ft2hr℉
ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡2 hr ℉
= 𝐵𝑇𝑈
1205,43 + 106,640 BTU/ft2hr℉
ℎ𝑟 𝑓𝑡2 hr ℉

= 97,97 BTU/𝑓𝑡 2 hr ℉

20. Menghitung Design Overall Coefficient

A= a’’ L Nt
= 0,1963 x 14,7645 x 415
= 1202,782 ft2 = 111,7 m2
𝑄
UD = 𝐴 𝑥 ∆𝑡
1.492.237,408 𝐵𝑇𝑈/ℎ𝑟
= 1202,782 𝑓𝑡 2 𝑥 14,1392℉
= 87,78 BTU/𝑓𝑡 2 hr ℉

21. Menghitung Nilai Faktor Pengotor (Dirt Factor)

𝑈𝐶 − 𝑈𝐷
Rd = 𝑈𝐶 𝑥 𝑈𝐷
BTU
97,97 hr ℉− 87,78 BTU/𝑓𝑡 2 hr ℉
𝑓𝑡2
= BTU
97,97 2 hr ℉ 𝑥 87,78 BTU/𝑓𝑡 2 hr ℉
𝑓𝑡

= 0,00119 𝑓𝑡 2 hr ℉/𝐵𝑇𝑈 = 0,0008 hr m2 ℃/Kcal

22. Menghitung Efisiensi Panas
𝑄 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙
η = 𝑄 𝑇𝑢𝑏𝑒 x 100 %
 1.492.237,408
η= x 100 %
2.549.619,9
= 58 %