GPS NAVIGATION

PRESENTED BY

AGLAIA
 GPS navigation system
 A GPS navigation system is a GPS receiver and audio/video

(AV) components designed for a specific purpose such as a

car-based or hand-held device or a Smartphone app.

 The global positioning system (GPS) is a 24-satellite navigation

system that uses multiple satellite signals to find a receiver’s

position on earth.

 It was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD).

 The technology was originally used for military purposes. Since
1980, when GPS technology was made available to the consumer
market, it has become common in cars, boats, cell phones, mobile
devices and even personal heads-up display (HUD) glasses.

 GPS receivers find their location by coordinating information from

three or four satellite signals. That information includes the position
of the satellite and the precise time of transmission

 With three signals, any 2D position can be found on earth;

additional satellite signals make it possible to find altitude.
• GPS technology works in almost any condition and is accurate
to within 3-15 meters, depending on the number of signals
received, the spread of satellites in the sky and the
technologies used in the receiver.
 GPS navigation device
 A GPS navigation device, GPS receiver, or simply GPS is a device
that is capable of receiving information from GPS satellites and then
to calculate the device's geographical position.
 Using suitable software, the device may display the position on a
map, and it may offer directions
 the GPS satellite data is free and works anywhere in the world, the
GPS device and the associated software must be bought or rented.
 A GPS device can retrieve from the GPS system location and time
information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the
Earth.
• A GPS reception requires an unobstructed line of sight to four
or more GPS satellites, and is subject to poor satellite signal
conditions. In exceptionally poor signal conditions

• for example in urban areas, satellite signals may

exhibit multipath propagation where signals bounce off
structures, or are weakened by meteorological conditions.
Obstructed lines of sight may arise from a tree canopy or
inside a structure, such as in a building, garage or tunnel.

• Today, most GPS receivers are used in automobiles.

• The GPS capability of smart phones may use assisted GPS (A-
GPS) technology, which can use the base station or cell
towers to provide a faster Time to First Fix (TTFF), especially
when GPS signals are poor or unavailable.

• However, the mobile network part of the A-GPS technology

would not be available when the Smartphone is outside the
range of the mobile reception network, while the GPS aspect
would otherwise continue to be available.

• The Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) was

developed contemporaneously with GPS, but suffered from
incomplete coverage of the globe until the mid-2000s.
• GLONASS can be added to GPS devices to make more
satellites available and enabling positions to be fixed more
quickly and accurately, to within 2 meters.
 Sensitivity
• GPS devices vary in sensitivity, speed, vulnerability to multipath
propagation, and other performance parameters.
• High Sensitivity GPS receivers use large banks of
correlates and digital signal processing to search for GPS signals very
quickly. This results in very fast times to first fix when the signals are
at their normal levels, for example outdoors.
• When GPS signals are weak, for example indoors, the extra
processing power can be used to integrate weak signals to the point
where they can be used to provide a position or timing solution.
• GPS signals are already very weak when they arrive at the
Earth’s surface. The GPS satellites only transmit 27 W
(14.3 dBW) from a distance of 20,200 km in orbit above the
Earth.

• By the time the signals arrive at the user's receiver, they are
typically as weak as −160 dBW, equivalent to one tenth of a
million-billionth of a watt (100 attowatts).

• This is well below the thermal noise level in its bandwidth.

Outdoors, GPS signals are typically around the −155 dBW level
(−125 dBm).
• Conventional GPS receivers integrate the received GPS signals
for the same amount of time as the duration of a
complete C/A code cycle which is 1 ms. This results in the
ability to acquire and track signals down to around the −160
dBW level.
• High Sensitivity GPS receivers are able to integrate the
incoming signals for up to 1,000 times longer than this and
therefore acquire signals up to 1,000 times weaker, resulting
in an integration gain of 30 dB.
• A good High Sensitivity GPS receiver can acquire signals down
to −185 dBW, and tracking can be continued down to levels
approaching −190 dBW.
• High Sensitivity GPS can provide positioning in many but not
all indoor locations. Signals are either heavily attenuatedby
the building materials or reflected as in multipath.

• Given that High Sensitivity GPS receivers may be up to

30 dB more sensitive, this is sufficient to track through 3
layers of dry bricks, or up to 20 cm (8 inches) of steel
reinforced concrete for example.
include SiRFstarIII and MediaTekʼs MTK II.
 Consumer applications

• Consumer GPS navigation devices include:

• Dedicated GPS navigation devices

• GPS modules that need to be connected to a computer to be

used.

• GPS loggers that record trip information for download. Such GPS

tracking is useful for trailblazing, mapping by hikers and cyclists,

and the production of geo coded photographs.

• Converged devices, including GPS Phones and GPS cameras,

in which GPS is a feature rather than the main purpose of the

device.

• The majority of GPS devices are now converged devices, and

may use assisted GPS or standalone (not network dependent)

or both.

• The vulnerability of consumer GPS to radio frequency

interference from planned wireless data services is

controversial.
 THANK YOU
For more…. Mail to aglaiaconnect2018@gmail.com