GROUP 1

Luke 07911565
Lynn 07911716
Jennie 07911592
Alex D 07912586

Chapter 7: Sisters In Time

Birth accidents have always shaped destiny: American race or England class or India
caste. The accident is hukou in China. Hukou is the leash for the worker, but hukou is
competitive strength for the textile industry, ensuring a stable and cheap workforce for the urban
industry while ensuring that rural citizens bring their labor to Shanghai, but not themselves.
Approximately translated, hukou is a registration place for households. The hukou specifies
where you live for a Chinese citizen today, regardless of where you actually are.

In the 1950s, the hukou system was designed to support the new Communist China's
economic development plans. Rural hukous were assigned to the vast majority of the country's
citizens: those with rural hukous were required to stay in the countryside to produce food quotas
within their communities, and were normally barred from even traveling to the cities. However,
rural residents who managed to make it into the city typically could not buy staple foods as these
goods required ration tickets that could only be obtained from those with an urban hukou.
Through the hukou system, China provided its cities with stable food supplies while at the same
time limiting urban areas. However, in fact, the masses in the field were' excess work,' academic
terms for people who had nothing to do, people that were' excess' that had no influence on the
municipality's output. And while forcing the masses to remain idle in the countryside, China has
dedicated its resources to the urban population, developing the housing, education, health care,
and infrastructure of the cities, while leaving the rural population to fight for themselves. As the
cities developed, their hukou captured hundreds of millions of unqualified, barely educated
people in their rural villages. The Chinese Hukou system has been described by one scholar as
"the most comprehensive population control experiment in human history."
 Although the protection of migrant workers by C&R rules in China has been increased in
the recent past several of these protections are theoretical, since only those who give up
protection often are recruited, as Anthony Kuhn has found. In a survey, the Government found
that 72.5 percent of migrants are owed back wages by their employers. Even government
officials recognize that migrants are not often paid. In a tactical way reminiscent of the
production of cotton shares with holding pay or "deposits" from employees, it restricts their
mobility and protects factories against open employment competition. While the law requires
migrants to have contracts of employment, the majority do not.

The way many of them were denied the opportunity to walk in a pit is shown by the fact
that low-skill textile and apparel factory work was a step from the farms ' drudgery. The Irish
were refused the most meager work in the mills in the beginning of New England. Women from
particular areas (in particular Subei) in twenty-first century Shanghai were openly discriminated
against in trying to move from the night-time ground collector to a worker in the cotton mill.33
In the South, jobs spinning and weaving, though with separate toilets and water fountains, were
only opened up to the American public in the sixties. Whereas the exclusion of Black people in
most cases was simply a custom, it was law in South Carolina.
The countries that have lost the race to the ground are today some of the world's most advanced
economies, but share a common heritage at the cotton mill and the sweatshop as an inflammator
for the subsequent urbanization, industrialization and economic diversification, along with the
economic and social release of women from farming. The high-income laborers have now paid
for work in sweat stores, and the rural misery which has driven and driven women from the
farms into textile and clothing factories is no longer in those countries. The workers are now
walking away from money and docile and offer comparative benefits to other industries, such as
automotive production, financial services, and IT. While the day that the mill closed was never a
happy one, an open-plan cotton mill is a sign that the economies and workers have emerged as
victors by losing the race to the bottom.