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DIFFERENCES IN ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS AND SOMATOTYPE

IN YOUNG SOCCER PLAYERS AND KARATE PRACTICONERS

Article · October 2013

DOI: 10.5550/SP.5.2013.17

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Proceedings 2013. (2014), Vol 5, ISSN 1986-8146 www.sportkon.com

RAZLIKE U ANTOPOMETRISKIM KARAKTERISTIKAMA

I SOMATOTIPU KOD MLADIH FUDBALERA I KARATISTA

DIFFERENCES IN ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS

AND SOMATOTYPE IN YOUNG SOCCER PLAYERS
AND KARATE PRACTICONERS
Blerim Saiti1, Žarko Kostovski2, Agron Ademi1, Haki Ismaili1, and Sh Memishi1
1
Fakultet fizičke kulture, Univerzitet u Tetovu, Makedonia
Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tetovo, Macedonia
2
Fakultet fizičkog obrazovanja sport i zdravlje, Univerzitet u Skoplju, Makedonija
Faculty of Physical Education Sport and Health, University of Skopje, Macedonia

SHORT SCIENTIFIC PAPER KRATKI NAUČNI ČLANAK

doi​: 10.5550/SP.5.2013.17 UDK: 796.332.011-053.6:796.85.011-053.6

Summary Sažetak

The identification of anthropometric characteristics aims to Indentifikacija antropometriskih karakteristika nastoji da da

contribute in a greater success in youth sports. Certainly, the
different and various body structures of young athletes dur-
ing selection in various sports, are as well crucial (Malousa-
ris, Bergeles, Barzouka, Bayios, Nassis, & Koskolou, 2008).
Somatotype reflects the overall appearance of the human
body and gives meaning to the total morphological status of
the human body (Ross, Ward, Leahy, & Day 1982).The
research was conducted on 100 males subject 17-18 years,
football players (50) and karate players (50). The purpose of
this study is to define the differences in anthropometric
doprinos boljem uspehu mladih u sportu. Tačnije, različite
i brojnije telesne strukture kod mladih sportista za vreme
selekcije u različitim sportovima su od ključnog značaja
(Malousaris, Bergeles, Barzouka, Bayios, Nassis i Koskolou,
2008).
Somatotip reflektuje cjelokupni izgled čovekovog tela i daje
značaj celokupnog morfolo{kog statusa čovekovog tela (Ross,
Ward, Leahy i Day 1982). Istraživanje je sprovedeno na
uzorku od 100 ispitanika mu{kog pola na uzrastu od 17 i
18 godina, fudbalera (50) i karatista (50). Cilj ovog istaživa-

SHORT SCIENTIFIC PAPER

characteristics and somatotypes in athletes from two sports
disciplines, karate and football, which different in their way
of training and competition. The pattern of the anthropo-
metric measures is defined by ISAK (International Society
for the Advancement of Kinanthropmetry), except the vari-
ables: body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%)
and lean body mass (ALBM), which are calculated according
to the methodology During Womerslay, while the variable
(HWR) derives from the software program somatotype 1.2.
For determining the differences between the two groups of
respondents is applied t-test for independent samples, while
the evaluation of the somatotypes was done according to
the methodology by Heath-Carter with 10 anthropometric
measurements. Based on the obtained results of measure-
ments from both groups respondents, was proved that there
are statistically significant differences in anthropometric
measures: BF%, AKNT, AKNG, AKNS, AKNN, and AKNP.
Based on our study, in soccer players we found balanced
mesomorph somatotype 2.48-4.78-3.08 while in karate
players is found balanced mesomorph somatotype 3.07-
4.28-2.85. Statistically significant differences on the com-
ponents of somatotypes exist at (ENDO) endomorph com-
ponent.
KRATKI NAUČNI ČLANAK
nje je definisanje razlike u antropometriskim karakteristika-
ma i somatotipu kod sportista iz dve sportske discipline,
karate i fudbal, koju se razlikuju u načinu treninga i takmi-
čenja. Način određivanja antropometriskih mera definisan
je od od strane ISAK-a (International Society for the Advan-
cement of Kinanthropmetry), osim varijabli: indeks telesne
mase (BMI), procena telesni masti (BF%) i čista telesna masa
(ALBM), koje su dobijene pomoću metodologije During
womrslay, dok varijabla (HWR) proizlazi od softverskog
programa somatatipa 1.2. Za određivanje razlike između
dve grupe ispitanika primenjen je t-test za nezavisne uzorke
dok je evaluacija somatotipa bila urađena saglasno metodo-
logije Heath-Carter sa 10 antropometriskih mera. Na osno-
vi dobijenih rezultata iz obe grupe ispitanika, utvrđeno je
da postoi statisticki značajne razlike u antropometriskim
merama: BF%, AKNT, AKNG, AKNS, AKNN i AKNP. Na
osnovi dobijenih rezultata kod fudbalera utvđeno je balan-
siran mezomorf somatskog tipa 2.48-4.78-3.08 dok kod
karatista otkriven je balansiran mezomorf somatskog tipa
3.07-4.28-2.85. Statistički značajne razlike u komponenta
somatotipa postoje kod (ENDO) endomorph komponente.

Key Words: differencest, karate, soccer, somatotype. Ključne riječi: fudbal, karate, razlike, somatotipove.

151
 Saiti, B. et al.: DIFFERENCES IN ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS...
Introduction
Anthropometric characteristics aim to improve the perfor-
mance in many sports (Carter & Heath, 1990). The identi-
fication of anthropometric characteristics aims to contribute
in a greater success in youth sports. Certainly, the different
and various body structures of young athletes during selec-
tion in various sports, are as well crucial (Malousaris et al.,
2008). The identification of anthropometric characteristics
also evaluate the structure of the human body as a whole
or only some of its components (McArdle, Katch, & Katch,
1991). Morphological status of top athletes is relatively ho-
mogeneous, depending on the sport, and can be defined as
a pattern for the achievements of athletes (Mi{igoj-Duraković,
Matković, & Medved, 1995). Somatotype reflects the over-
all appearance of the human body and gives full meaning
to the morphological status of it (Ross et al., 1982). Many
studies show that the somatotypes have a strong genetic
basis (Harrison, Weiner, & Tanner, 1976). Many anthropo-
metric researches, including the somatotypes of athletes are
conducted during the Olympic Games (eg, Carter, 1982),
or in different sports, such as swimming (Carter & Ackland,
1994), soccer (Rienzi, Drust, Reilly, Carter, & Martin, 2000),
gymnastics (Claessens et al., 1991), karate (Pieter & Bercades,
2009) and other. Katić, Blazević, Krstulović, and Mulić (2005)
found that adult elite karate in Croatia is predominantly
characterized by mezomoph somatotype, which was con-
firmed by Fritzsche and Raschka (2007) in the German elite
adult karate determined by Heath-Carter methodology and
found medium somatotip in elite male karate 2.0-3.7-2.7.
meanwhile in female elite karate 3.4-2.4-2.4. Gualdo and
Graziani (1993) made an analysis and description of the
somatotypes in 1593 young Italian athletes (717 male and
876 female subjects) from different sports. The average of
somatotypes was 2.7-4.7-2.7 in male subjects and 3.6-3.7-
2.8 in female subjects. The researches of Amus and Onieva-
dume(2001) in karate representatives from Botswana, as
part of the preparations for the African Games in 1999,
concluded that the main somatotype in men was 2.5+1.1-
3.9+0.9-3.0+1.2 and in women 4.4+0.8-4.7+1.2-1.3+1.1
(endomorph, mesomorph and ektomorph). Also Hazir (2010)
made a research over all players of Turkish Super League
SHORT SCIENTIFIC PAPER
KRATKI NAUČNI ČLANAK
and based on this research was found somatotype 2.4-4.8-
2.3, while in the first Turkish league was found somatotype
3.0-4.5-2.6. The differences between the Turkish super
league and first league players was more significant meso-
morph (p≤.01), endomorph (p≤.00) and ectomorph (p≤.00).
Our research was conducted with the main objective to
identify the differences and anthropometric characteristics
and somatotypes in two sports disciplines, karate and soccer
players, varying the manner of competitions, training, etc.
Collective sports like soccer are characterized by high inten-
sity short-term activities, the duration of the game is 90
minutes, involves providing great energy by the aerobic
system (José, 2001), while individual sports, like Karate,
belongs to a group of combat sports which contain a series
of coordinated harmonious movements made in a particu-
lar sequence adapting to a specific rhythm and also the way
of competitions in different categories and two disciplines,
kata and kumite (fighting).
Methods
The research procedure included 100 subjects of young
male athletes, divided into two groups of 50 young soccer
players of the first league of the Republic of Macedonia and
50 young karate sportsmen, junior competitors in kata and
kumite of different categories, age 17-18±6 months. For
152
Proceedings 2013, 151–157
Uvod
Svrha antropometriske karakteristika je da se pobolj{aju
ve{tine u mnogim sportovima (Carter i Heath, 1990). Inden-
tifikacijom antropometriskih karakteristika nastoji se da se
da doprinos uspehu mladih u sportovima. Tačnije različite
telesne strukture kod mladih sportista za vreme selekcije u
različitim sportovima su od su{tinskog značaja (Malousaris i
saradnici, 2008). Identifikacijom antropometrijskih karak-
teristika takođe procenujemo strukturu čovekovog tela kako
u celini tako i u pojedinim njegovim komponenata (McArdle,
Katch i Katch, 1991). Morfolo{ki status vrhunskih sportista
su relativno homogeni, zavisnosti od sporta, i mogu biti
definisan kao modeli sportistskog postignuća (Mi{igoj-
Duraković, Matković i Medved, 1995). Somatotip reflektira
celokupni izgled čovekovog tela i daje značaj celokupnom
morfolo{kom statusu čovekovog tela (Ross i saradnici, 1982).
Mnoga istrazivanja dokazala su da somatotipovi imaju jaku
genetsku osnovu (Harrison, Weiner i Tanner, 1976). Mnoga
antropometriskia istraživanja, uklučujući i istraživanja so-
matotipova sportista, primenjena su za vreme održavanje
olimpiskih igara (npr. Carter, 1982), ali i u drugim spor-
tovima, kao {to je na primer plivanje (Carter i Ackland, 1994),
fudbal (Rienzi, Drust, Reilly, Carter i Martin, 2000), gimnas-
tika (Claessens i saradnici, 1991), karate (Pieter i Bercades,
2009) i dr. Katić., Blazević, Krstulović i Mulić (2005) ut-
vrdili su da odraski vrhunski karatista u Hrvatskoj ima pre-
dominantno karakteriziran mezomorfnim somatotipa, {to je
bilo potvrđeno i sa strane Fritzsche i Raschka (2007). Oni su
ustanovili kod nemačkih vrhunskih karatista pomoću Heath–
Carter metodologije srednji somato tip kod vrhunskih karat-
ista mu{kog pola 2.0-3.7-2.7, dok kod vrhunskih karatist-
kinja on je iznosio 3.4-2.4-2.4. Gualdo i Graziani (1993)
anlizirali su i opisali somatotip kod 1593 mladih italjanski
sportista (717 mu{karaca i 876 žena) iz razlicitih sportova.
Prosek somatotipa bio je 2.7-4.7-2.7 kod mu{karaca i 3.6-
3.7-2.8 kod žena. Istraživanje Amusa i Oneivadumea (2001)
na karate reprezenativcima Bocvane, kao sastavni dio pri-
prema za afričke igare 1999. godine, do{lo se do zaklučka
da je glavni somatotip kod mu{karaca bio 2.5+1.1-3.9+0.9-
3.0+1.2 a kod žena 4.4+0.8-4.7+1.2-1.3+1.1 (endomorf,
mezomorf i ektomorf). Takođe Hazir (2010) sproveo je
istraživanje igrača turske Super lige i na osnovi ovog istraživanje
otkriven je somatotip 2.4-4.8-2.3, dok u je turskoj Prvoj ligi
otkriven somatotip 3.0-4.5-2.6. Razlike između igrača turske
Super lige i turske Prve lige bio je značajan mezomorf
(p≤0,01), endomorf (p≤0,00) i ektomorf (p≤0,00).
Ovo istraživanje sproveđeno je sa osnovnim ciljem ustanov-
ljavanja razlike u antropometriskim karakteristiokama i
somatotipovima kod dve različite sportske discipline, karatea
i fudbala. Timski sportovi kao fudbal karakteri{e visok in-
tenzitet timske aktivnosti, vreme trajanja igre iznosi 90
minuta, uklučuje ispoljavanje velike energije od strane
aerobnog sistema (José, 2001), dok individualni sportivi, kao
karate, pripadaju u grupi borilačke sportova koji sadrže
seriju koordinirana harmoničnih kretanji urađenih u određenom
redoslijedu prilagođavajući se spesificnom ritmu, a takođe
način takmičenja u različitim kategorijama i dve discipline
kata i kumite (borenje).
Metode
Istraživačka procedura uključila ja 100 mladih sportista
mu{kog pola, podeljena u dve grupe od 50 mladih fudbalera
iz prve lige Makedionije i 50 mladih karatista takmičara
juniora u kata i kumite uzrast od 17-18 (±6 meseci). Za
postizanje cilja ovog istraživanja primenjeno je 17 antrop-
Saiti, B. i saradnici: RAZLIKE U ANTOPOMETRISKIM KARAKTERISTIKAMA...
the purposes of this research were applied 17 anthropomet-
ric variables of which 13 variables were measured by - ISAK
(International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthrop-
metry), Body height (AVT), body mass (AMT), triceps skinfold
(AKNT), biceps skinfold (AKNB), abdomen skinfold (AKNA),
supraspinale skinfold (AKNS), subscapular skinfold (AKNG),
femur skinfold (AKNN), calf skinfold (AKNP), upper arm girth
(AON), calf girth (AOP), breadth of the humerus (ADL),
breadth of the femur (ADK), except the variables: body mass
index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%) and lean body mass
(ALBM), which are calculated according to the methodol-
ogy During Womerslay, while the variable Height-Weight
ratio calculation (HWR) derives from the software program
somatotype 1.2.
The somatotypes are defined by the methodology of Heath-
Carter using the anthropometric method with 10 anthropo-
metric measures using the following equations:
• Endomorphy = -0.7182 + 0.1451 (X1) - 0.00068 (X2)
+ 0.0000014 (X3) where X = (sum of triceps, sub-
scapular and supraspinale skinfolds) multiplied by
(170.18/height in cm).
• Mesomorphy= 0.858 x humerus breadth + 0.601 x
femur breadth + 0.188 x corrected arm girth + 0.161
x corrected calf girth –height 0.131 + 4.5.
• Ectomorphy = If HWR is greater than or equal to
40.75 then ectomorphy = 0.732 HWR -28.58. If
HWR is less than 40.75 but greater than 38.25 then
ectomorphy = 0.463 HWR -17.63. If HWR is equal
to or less than 38.25 then ectomorphy = 0.1.
This is called height- corrected endomorphy and is the
preferred method for calculating endomorphy.
For the data processing is used the software program SPSS15.
To determine the significant differences between arithmetic
average of each group, is used student t-test, while the de-
termination of somatotypes and their difference is made by
the software program somatotype 1.2. This procedure de-
termines somatotypes for each subject individually, accord-
ing to the methodology of Heath-Carter.
Results and discussion
According to differences between the arithmetic averages,
verified by t-test among both groups, will move to the inter-
pretation of the results where the difference of the arithme-
tic average is statistically significant.
According to the results presented in Table 1 regarding the
anthropometric measures among karate and soccer players
17-18 years, we can highlight that from a total of 17 anthro-
pometric variables applied, in 6 variables is determined
statistically significant difference, while in 11 variables is not
observed such a difference. Statistically significant differ-
ences were determined in variables BF% p=.05, AKNT
p=.05, AKNG p=.03, AKNS p=.02, AKNN p=.00, and
AKNP p=.00. All differences tells us that soccer players have
lower levels of fat compared with karate players. We evalu-
ate that this is due to the training process of both groups of
subjects.
Following somatoplot (Figure 1) which shows the distribution
of the somatotype components in soccer players and karate,
we can observe that in both groups the mesomorpfy com-
ponent is dominant. They also belong to the category of
balanced mesomorphy with average values of 2.48-4.78-3.08
in the soccer players and 3.07-4.28-2.85 in karate players
(endomorphy, mesomorphy, ectomorphy).
Zbornik radova 2013, 151–157
ometriskih varijabli od koijih su 13 bili primenjeni po ISAK-
u (International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthrop-
metry): telesna visina (AVT), telesna masa (AMT), kožni
nabor tricepsa (AKNT), kožni nabor bicepsa (AKNB), kožni
nabor abdomena (AKNA), supraspinalni kožni nabor (AKNS),
kozni nabor sub scapule (AKNG), kožni nabor femura (AKNN),
kožni nabor lista (AKNP), obim nadlaktice (AON), obim
podkolenice (AOP), dužina humerus (ADL), dužina femura
(ADK), osim varijabli: indeks telesne mase (BMI), procenat
telesne masti (BF%) i čista telesna masa (ALBM), koji su
dobijeni suglasno metodologiji During Wonerslay dok je
varijabla odnosa težina visina (HWR) dobijena softverskim
programom somatotipa 1.2.
Somatotipovi su definisani suglasno metodologiji Heath-
Carter kori{ćenjem antropometriskih metoda sa 10 antrop-
ometriskih mera primenom sledećih jednačina:
• Endomorfija = -0.7182 + 0.1451 (X1) – 0.00068 (X2)
+ 0.0000014 (X3) gde je X = (suma iz tricepsa,
scapula i supraspinalna kožni nabor) puta (170.18 /
visine u cm).
• Mezomorfija = 0.858 x dužina hemurus + 0.601 x
dužina femura + 0.188 x korigovan obim nadlaktice
+ 0.161 x korigovan obem podlaktice – visina 0.131
+ 4.5.
• Ektomorfia = kad HWR je veće ili jednako 40.75
onda ektomorfija = 0.732 HWR – 28.58. Kad HWR
je manje od 40.75 a veće od 38.25 onda ektomorfia
= 0.463 HWR – 17.63. Kad HWR je jednakvo ili
manje od 38.25 ondak ektomorfia = 0.1.
Ovo je nazvano visina – korigovana endomorfia i preferi-
rani metod za određivanje endomorfie.
Za obradu dobijene podataka kori{cen je statistički softver-
ski program SPSS15. Za utvrđivanje značajne razlike aritmetičkih
sredina svake grupe, kori{ten je t-test, dok za utvrđivanje
somatotipova i nihove razlike kori{ten je softverski program
za somatotipove 1.2. Ova procedura određuje somatotipove
za svakog ispitanika posebno po metodolgiji Heath-Carter.
Rezultati i diskusija
SHORT SCIENTIFIC PAPER
KRATKI NAUČNI ČLANAK
Analizirajući razlike između aritmeticka srdina ustanov-
ljenih t-testom između dve grupe interpretiranih rezultata
gde su razlike između aritmeticke sredina statisticki značajne.
Analizirajuću rezultate prezentovani u Tabele 1 u vezi antro-
pometriskih mera između karatista i fudbalera uzrasta 17-18
godina, može se zaključiti da od ukupno 17 antopometri-
jski varijabli, kod 6 varijabli utvrđena je statisticki značajna
razlika, dok kod ostale 11 nije ustanovljena ta razlika.
Statisticka značajna razlika utvrđena je kod sledećih vari-
jabli: BF% p=0,05, AKMT p=0,05, AKNG p=0,03, AKNS
p=0,02, AKNN p=0,00 i AKNP p=0,00. Sve razlike uka-
zuju da fudbaleri imaju manji nivo masti u odnosu na
karatiste. Zaključili smo da ja ovo rezultat trenažne tehnologi-
je kod ove grupe ispitanika.
Iz analize Slike 1 na kojoj je pretstavljena distribucija kom-
ponenata somatotipova kod fudbalera i karatista možemo
se vidjeti da kod obe grupe komponenata su dominantne.
Oni pripadaju kategoriji balansirani mezomorfi sa prosečnim
vrednostima od 2.48–4.78–3.08 kod fudbalera i 3.07-
4.28–2.85 kod karatista (endomorph, mezomorf i ektomorf).
153
 Saiti, B. et al.: DIFFERENCES IN ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS... Proceedings 2013, 151–157

Tabela 1: T-test antropometrijskih karakteristika između karatista i fudbalera.

Table 1: T-test in anthropometric characteristics between karate and soccer players.
Soccer players Karate atheletes
Varibale F t p
M SD M SD
AVT 173.00 6.70 173.86 5.13 2.39 -.72 .47
AMT 64.92 9.95 67.25 8.34 .03 -1.27 .21
BMI 21.75 2.55 22.21 2.60 .19 -.89 .38
BF% 12.52 3.71 14.63 6.40 6.32 -2.01 .05
ALBM 56.67 6.45 57.04 5.06 1.34 -.32 .75
AKNT 8.88 3.93 11.08 6.72 6.33 -2.00 .05
AKNB 4.80 2.17 5.86 3.88 7.33 -1.69 .09
AKNA 9.96 5.25 12.68 9.29 6.28 -1.80 .07
AKNG 8.58 2.89 10.22 4.55 7.97 -2.15 .03
AKNS 8.22 4.45 10.90 7.03 6.92 -2.28 .02
AKNN 10.26 3.26 13.22 6.25 12.44 -2.97 .00
AKNP 7.14 2.62 11.14 5.50 12.64 -4.64 .00
AON 26.07 2.39 26.00 3.60 6.47 .12 .91
AOP 35.93 2.56 35.08 2.83 .28 1.57 .12
ADL 7.64 .69 7.52 .52 1.61 1.01 .31
ADK 9.97 .89 9.90 .74 .20 .42 .68
HWR 43.23 1.52 42.88 1.77 .32 1.06 .29

Legend/Legenda: AVT - Body height (Telesna visina); AMT - Body mass (telesna težina);
AKNT - Triceps skinfold (Kožni nabor tricepsa); AKNB - Biceps skinfold (Kožni nabor bi-
cepsa); AKNA - Abdomen skinfold (Kožni nabor abdomena); AKNS - Supraspinale skinfold
(Supraspinalni kožni nabor); AKNG - Subscapular skinfold (Subskapularni kožni nabor);
AKNN - Femur skinfold (Kožni nabor natkolenice); AKNP - Calf skinfold (Kožni nabor li-
sta); AON - Upper arm girth (Obim nadlaktice); AOP - Calf girth (Obim potkolenice);
ADL - Breadth of the humerus (Dužina humerusa); ADK - Breadth of the femur (Dužina
femura); BMI - Body mass index; BF% - Body fat percentage (Procenat telesne masti);
ALBM - Lean body mass (Čista telesna masa); HWR - Height-weight ratio (Odnos težina
visina); M - The arithmetic mean (Aritmetička sredina); SD - Standard deviation (Standar-
SHORT SCIENTIFIC PAPER
KRATKI NAUČNI ČLANAK

dna devijacija); F - F test (F test); t – t test; p - Probability (Vjerovatnoća).

Slika 1: Distribucija kategorije somatotipova kod karatista i fudbalera.

Figure 1: Distribution of the somatotype categories in karate and soccer players.

154
Saiti, B. i saradnici: RAZLIKE U ANTOPOMETRISKIM KARAKTERISTIKAMA... Zbornik radova 2013, 151–157

According to the displayed Figire 2 where is presented the
distributions of subjects regarding the group of soccer play-
ers, out of the 13 categories, we found six somatotype cat-
egories which are: endomorphic mesomorph 22%, balanced
mesomorph 20%, ectomorphic mesomorph 28%, mesomorph-
ectomorph 14 %, mesomorphic ectomorph 12% and central
somatotype 4%.
According to the displayed Figure 3 where is presented the
distributions of subjects regarding the group of karate play-
ers, out of the 13 categories, we found nine somatotype
categories which are: mesomorphic endomorph 4%, meso-
morph-endomorph 10%, endomorphic mesomorph 14%,
balanced mesomorph 18%, ectomorphic mesomorph 14%,
mesomorph-ectomorph 10%, mesomorphic ectomorph 12%,
balanced ectomorph 4% and central somatotype.
Analizirajuci Sluku 2, gde su prezentovane distribucije fud-
balera, iz 13 kategorija ustanovili smo 6 kategorija somato-
tipova koji su: endomofem-mezomorf 22%, balansiran
mezomorf 20%, ektomorfen-mezomorf 28%, mezomorf-
ektomorf 14%, mezomorfen-ektomorf 12% i centralni so-
matotip 4%.
Slika 3 pokazuje distribuciju kategorija somatotipa kod
karatista gde je prezentirana distribucija prikazuju sledeće:
od 13 kategodija, utvrđeni je 9 kategorija somatotipova:
mezomorfen-endomorf 4%, mezomorf – endomorph 10%,
endomorfen – mezomorf 14%, balansirani mezomorf 18%,
ektomorfen – mezomorf 14%, mezomorf-ektomorf 10%,
mezomorfen-ektomorf 12%, balansirani ektomorf 4 % i
centralni somatotip 14%.

Slika 2: Distribucija kategorije somatotipova Slika 3: distribucije kategorija somatotipa

kod fudbalera (%). kod karatista (%).
Figure 2: Distribution of the somatotype categories Figure 3: Distribution of the somatotype categories
in soccer players (%). in karate players (%).

Based on the somatotype classification in both groups of
subjects, in general we can conclude that in soccer players
is present a more homogeneous categorization, compared
with the group of karate players. This result is due to the
different training process, different ways of competition,
different length and intensity of training, etc…
Na osnovi klasifikacije somatotipa kod obe grupe ispitanika
možemo zaklučiti da je kod fudbalera ustanovljena veća
homogena kategorizacija u poređenju sa karatistima. Ovaj
rezultat odnosi se na različite trenažne procese, različiti
načine takmičenja, različita dužinu i intenzitet treninga itd.

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Tabela 2: T-test komponenata somatotipova između karatista i fudbalera.
Table 2: T-test in somatotype components between karate and soccer players .
Soccer players Karate atheletes
Varibale F t p
M SD M SD
ENDO 2.48 .98 3.07 1.57 6.86 -2.25 .03
MESO 4.78 1.30 4.28 1.38 .46 1.88 .06
ECTO 3.08 1.08 2.85 1.22 .18 .99 .32

Legend/Legenda: ENDO – Endomorphy; MESO - Mesomorphy; ECTO - Ectomorphy; M - The

arithmetic mean (Aritmetička sredina); SD - Standard deviation (Standardna devijacija); F
- F test (F test); t – t test; p - Probability (Vjerovatnoća).

According to the results presented in Table 2 we can highlight
that statistically significant difference is present only in the
endomorphy type ENDO (p=.03), while in the mesomorphy
and endomorphy types, statistically significant difference is
not present. Given the somatotype characteristics and based
on Table 1 where karate players presented higher values of
skin fold compared with the soccer players, statistically
significant difference was expected in endomorphy type.
Na osnovi rezultata prezentovani na Tabeli 2 možemo
zaključiti da je utvrđena statistički značajna razlika samo kod
endomornog tipa ENDO (p=0,03), dok kod mezomorfne i
ektomorfne tipove nije utvrđena razlika. Na osnove prika-
zanih karakteristika somatotipova i na osnovi rezultata iz
Tabele 1, gde karatisti imaju veće vrednost kožnih nabora
u odnosu na fudbalera, statistički značajna razlika u korist
endomorfnog tipa bila je i očekivana.

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 Saiti, B. et al.: DIFFERENCES IN ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS...
Conclusion
Based on the results of our research on 100 subjects, aiming
to determine the differences in anthropometric characteris-
tics and the categorization of the body type between the
two groups of young athletes (17-18 years) from two sports,
karate and soccer disciplines, we reached full realization of
our goal.
As a result, we can conclude the following: In the anthro-
pometric variables, statistically significant differences were
determined in BF% p=.05, AKNT p=.05, AKNG p=.03,
AKNS p=.02, AKNN p=.00, and AKNP p=.00. All differ-
ences tells us that soccer players have lower levels of fat
compared with karate players.
Based on the current situation and on the differences in
somatotype components between the two groups with dif-
ferent training procces, we noticed that in both groups of
tested subjects dominate the mesomorph component, while
in both groups are also found values belonging to the cat-
egory of balanced mesomorph with average values of 2.48-
4.78-3.08 in the soccer players and 3.07-4.28-2.85 in ka-
rate players (endomorphy, mesomorphy, ectomorphy).
Overall, we can say that based on the somatotype classifica-
tion among karate and soccer players 17 - 18 years, we can
highlight that statistically significant difference is present only
in the endomorphy type ENDO (p=.03), while in the me-
somorphy and endomorphy types, statistically significant
difference is not present. Given the somatotype character-
istics where karate players presented higher values of skin
fold compared with the soccer players, statistically significant
difference was expected in endomorphy type. Based on the
somatotype classification in both groups of subjects, in gen-
eral we can conclude that in soccer players is present a more
homogeneous categorization where found 6 components
of somatypes, compared with the group of karate players
where were present 9 components of somatotypes.
Generally we can say that the differences of anthropometric
characteristics and components of somatotypes in both
groups are conditioned from the training process and the
manner of competitions. Soccer, as a collective sport, is
characterized by high intensity short-term activities, the
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duration of the game is 90 minutes, involves providing great
energy by the aerobic system (José, 2001), while individual
sports, like Karate, belongs to a group of combat sports which
contain a series of coordinated harmonious movements
made in a particular sequence, adapting to a specific rhythm
and also the way of competitions is different, organized in
categories and two disciplines, kata and kumite (fighting).
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Proceedings 2013, 151–157
Zaključak
Na osnovi rezultata ovog istraživanja sprovedenog na 100
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Korespodencija/Correspodence to:
Žarko Kostovski, PhD
Phone: 00389 70 34 07 97
E-mail: zarkokostovskiªhotmail.com
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