Characterization of Possible RNAi Targets in Wheat Grain Aphid,

in Punjab, Pakistan

Wheat is second main food crop and is one of the most important sources
of protein of vegetables in the human diet. Grain aphids are the most
important agriculture pests that have an important part in the destruction
of crops in whole world either by directly affecting feeding or by acting
as vectors of the devastating viruses of plants. One of the significant,
dominant and destructive species infesting wheat is grain aphid. Sitobion
avenae are the most important pests in agriculture that are causing yield
losses significantly of crop plants worldwide every year. RNAi used in
the functional genomics of insect pests and in the growth of RNAi bases
plants to control pests.
There are different types of non-cell-autonomous -RNAi. First is
Systemic-RNAi and second type being Environmental-RNAi. The
systemic-RNAi which explains the silencing signal from cell where
dsRNA is given to other tissues or given to cells. On the other hand,
environmental RNAi silencing explains the dsRNA that is up taken by
cell or taken by tissue from provided environment. On feeding the aphids
either take siRNA or take dsRNA from lumen of intestine into cells of gut
which triggers the diffusion of silencing signal into whole insect body.
The dsRNA that is RNA interference mediated is normally used to
discover or confirm the genes that encode target proteins of insecticide.
This dsRNA synthesized in vitro to check the efficacy of other candidate
RNAi target gene, as dsRNA used as positive control. RNAi causes
cleavage of dsRNA into siRNA of 21 to 23 longer nucleotides after the
action of dicer enzyme then small interfering RNAs integrated into RNA
induced silencing complex.These catalytic components of RISC use
siRNAs as template in identification and that of degradation of mRNA.
The purpose of the research is to discover the sequences of unigene that
obtained from samples those are taken from local environment.