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arsc 7100 I architectural studio I winter 2010
Bryan He
u fo
dio lio
“ There was a time when I experienced architecture
without thinking about it. Sometimes I can almost feel
a particular door handle in my hand, a piece of metal
shaped like the back of a spoon. I used to take hold of
it when I went into my aunt’s garden. That door handle
still seems to me like a special sign of entry into a world
of different moods and smells. I remember the sound of
the gravel under my feet, the soft gleam of the waxed
oak staircase, I can hear the heavy front door closing
behind me as I walk along the dark corridor and enter
the kitchen, the only really brightly lit room in the house.
”
- Peter Zumthor
C
on
bcit ne 1 lobby intervention social railing 4-9
tent
farnsworth house by mies van der rohe case study 18-25
context
3
traffic pattern and integrated signage in railing
social railing
Kaide-taide by Company Architects
5
design intent
social railing
The main idea of the intervention is through the design of a railing system inspired by Kaide-taide by Company Architects. The railing integrates the functions of handrails, safety guards,
seatings, heating, and signage. The volume of the existing lobby is a triple height space. However, the horizontal dimensions of the existing lobby is difficult to alter because of its func-
tion as an emergency exit and a structural core. To create spaces for social interaction, the intervention needs to consume the vertical volume by extending the second floor.
6
intervention
social railing
7
section detail
connects to roof
trusses
social railing
glass floor and railing support integrated water pipes in railing for space heating
9
shipping containers and structure support
10 slat house
willow street
laurel street
lane condition. In this case, a T-lane results some laneway houses to have its main façade facing east.
Students are also required to study the laneway house by-laws but are not required to follow them.
w. 23rd street
laneway houseI
number 1
slat house
11 slat house
design intent
The idea of the slats is to provide visual screening, interesting lighting and shading of the living spaces, and to create a soft edge condition. The initial idea of the construction technology is
12 slat house
to use heavy timber for structural members, shipping containers stacked together to provide living spaces, and dimension lumbers for the façade. However, using prefabricated light wood
frame construction for the living spaces makes more sense in regards to the availability of trades and the economic of material and technology. A staircase core is featured in the house to
provide stack effect for natural ventilation, while the stair landings double the function as hallways that connects living spaces. Since this is a physical modeling exercise, the house is mainly
designed in section as an experiment.
inspiration
Suspended stairs House Tower by Bow Wow Architects Glass stair atrium space by Architect Luis Trevino Closet bed system
13 slat house
section
july
dec 1 1
emb 2:00
er 2 pm
21
1 1 20˚
2:00pm outdoor moss garden
12:
20˚ -wet, and cold, thick moss will
0
0pm
grow
reading kitchen
july
66˚
patio
/ living room
21
12:
south - north
00p
section
m
66˚
HOUSE
kids
LANEWAY bedroom / master
playroom bedroom
neighbour
garage outdoor
carport
moss garden
suspended glass staircase to allow maximum day light light effect of the slatted façade
15 slat house
detail
storage / glass landing to daytime bed storage / glass landing to daytime bed cross section
17 slat house
Modern proportion of greek temple: Karl Friedrich Schinkel - Altes Museum, 1823-30
18 case study
Site analysis Tiny big building: Mies van der Rohe - Seagram Tower, 1958
project description I The Farnsworth House is built in 1951 by Mie van der Rohe for Dr. Edith
Farnsworth as a vacation home in Plano, Illinois. Because of Mie’s careful proportion, rigorous plan-
ning, and his mastery in steel and glass construction, the Farnsworth House is regarded as a master
piece in the history of modern architecture. This case study consists a series of in-depth analysis of
the architect’s tectonic expression, design intention, and the influence on habitation.
19 case study
Overview Context
Farnsworth House I Mies van der Rohe Farnsworth House
Farnsworth House chronology Mies Van der Rohe chronology LOCATION
1945 3 March 1886 Plano, Illinois, USA
Mies van der Rohe meets Dr. Edith Farnsworth Born in Aachen, Germany 1h30m from Chicago
1945 1904
Dr. Farnsworth commissions Mies to design a Moves to Berlin
weekend retreat at the Fox River, near Plano, 60
miles west of Chicago 1905-7 SITE PLAN
Holds series of positions in private architectural
1946 practice in Berlin
context Fox River
The basic design of the Farnsworth House is fixed
1908-11
1949 Works in Berlin studio of Peter Behrens access
Dr.. Farnsworth receives an inheritance which
enables construction to begin 1911-14 contour
In private architectural practice in Berlin
1951
floodplain
The house is completed 1914-18 River Rhein
Military service
1951 sun path
Mies sues Dr. Farnsworth for unpaid fees. Dr.. 1919-37
Farnsworth counter-sues, alleging a cost over-run In private architectural practice in Berlin view
and design faults
1921 privacry
1953 Cofounder of G (Gestaltung magazine) in Berlin
The lawsuit is settled in Mies's favour Fraser River
1921-5 property line
1953 Director of Architectural Exhibits, November Group,
An article titled The Threat to the Next America, an Berlin amenities
attack on the Farnsworth House and on Mies van
der Rohe, is published in the American magazine 1925
House Beautiful Founder, ZehnerRing, Berlin
oak
maple
Lohan to renovate the house Institute of Technology) vegetation
1997 1938-69
The Fox river rises 0.3 m above internal floor level, In private architectural practice in Chicago
causing minor damage
1946-51
1997 Designs and oversees construction of the
Lord Palumbo opens the restored house to the Farnsworth House
public
grass
ash
20 case study
17 August 1969
Dies in Chicago
Siting True enough, an ancient black oak at the river's edge
shelters the house from the sun's southern rays. Yet the
sun is not the most imposing natural force on this site,
Light & Shadow Midwestern light is not often brilliant, revealing
a crisp, colorful surround, but is more often
overcast, humid, obdurate, absorbing us in its
Study
the river is. And the final position of the Farnsworth House,
Farnsworth House as Mies Knew, is well within the floodplain of the Fox River.
density.
Strange Details, Michael Cadwell
Strange Details, Michael Cadwell
Farnsworth House
new understanding of landscape
summer summer
overlooking / sunset sunrise
symmetrically framed
summer summer
3 p.m 9 p.m
winter winter
sunset sunrise
Riehl House Tugendhat House Project Resor House winter winter
1907 1930 1938 3 p.m. 9 a.m.
noon
immersed within /
asymetically framed SUMMER WINTER
9 a.m.
Farnsworth House / normal flood Project Resor House
1951 1938
9 a.m.
12 p.m.
1996 10’3"
1954 9’3"
floor elvation 5’3"
12 p.m.
1946 3’
21 case study
3 p.m.
later proved to be inefficient Chicago area lead to dramatic rise in flood level
direct summer sun
direct winter sun
ambient light
3 p.m.
Entry New Ways
Sequence of Life
Farnsworth House Farnsworth House
From the ground, we will ascend stairs The struggle for new housing is a struggle for new ways of life.
to a floor, ascend another set of stairs - Mies van der Rohe, 1927
to a floor and a roof, turn to the right to
open a door, and pass through a glass
wall to the house’s interior - each stage The thick wall galley kitchen east bathroom door lounger & fireplace
pulling us deeper into the play of
frame and landscape.
Strange Details, Michael Cadwell
Terrace from east On terrace On porch In the house functions include: The core shoves us to the perimeter of the house. Making us to
- ground - a floor - a floor and a roof - enclosed • galley kitchen orientate against the core and focus on the outdoor.
• guest bathroom
• private bathroom
• furnace
• roof drainage
• water tank
• septic tank
• zone divider
dining room
kitchen
bedroom
living room
material: service
Galley Kitchen View from bed primavera
served (public)
served (private)
From dining table Layers of horizontal bands From fireplace House from river
22 case study
the service core is the only the service core provides hot water for
If you view nature through the glass walls of the Farnsworth connection to the ground in slab radiant floor heating / exhaust is
House, it gains a more profound significance than if viewed from besides the columns housed within
outside... it becomes a part of a larger whole.
- Mies van der Rohe
Tiny Miesian Umbrella Conceptual distinction between horizontal
Mies van der Rohe Mies van der Rohe Frank Lloyd Wright
Project Brick Country Project Glass Sky The Robie House
House 1924 Scraper 1922 1910
Mies van der Rohe 1952-53 - National Theatre
Farnsworth House Mannheim (project)
1951
23 case study
Barcelona Pavilion
1929
Moving Where traditional buildings were ornamented,modern
buildings must be bare. Where traditional houses
had rooms, modern ones must be open-plan. Where
Miesian
the Fixed Grammar
traditional rooms were thickly carpeted and curtained, I don't want to be interesting, I want to be good.
and densely filled with furniture and bric-a-brac, - Mies van der Rohe
modern ones must have hard, clean surfaces and
be virtually devoid of furniture and possessions.
Farnsworth House Farnsworth House
Miesian approach
deindustrialization - plug weld technique to achieve jointless white substances of Platonic perfection
layout 1: glass enclosure around the kitchen
rules:
• specified Mies Van der Rohe furniture
• specified furniture layout
• no additional furniture connection beam placed plug weld connection X-crossing /
• no pictures / artwork on the wall prepared finished Barcelona Chair 1929
• no curtains 2
3
2
4 5
6 7
8
25 case study
structure and glass wall configuration The exhibitionist nature of the Farnsworth House by Mies
van der Rohe. Nude models photographed by Trevor Brady.
26 6x6 house
typology of the Farnsworth House in Vancouver laneway project 50x50 by Mies van der Rohe plug-weld beam and column connection
w. 22rd street project description I The second laneway house requires students to use the precedent case study
as a guideline to design a laneway house that also conforms the City of Vancouver’s laneway house
by-laws. In this case, the precedent is the Farnsworth House by Mies van der Rohe. The challenge of
this exercise is to design a glass jewel box to house a family of four in the urban context of the Van-
couver laneway. The limitations of the Miesian grammar and the by-laws results a modest 6 metre by
willow street
laurel street
6 metre one-storey house that features a central service core and an open-plan living concept much
like the Farnsworth House. In order to achieve the program requirements, a ceiling retractable bed is
w. 23rd street used. The sliding glass walls are designed to maximize the confined living space and create a con-
nection to the outdoor. In terms of sustainability, the elevated house minimizes the building footprint
for better storm water management. The bio-swale incorporated in the landscape design also enables
on-site storm water and waste water treatment. This laneway house offers a new way of sustainable
habitation.
laneway houseI
number 2
6x6 house
27 6x6 house
28 6x6 house
studies
design intent
The Farnsworth House does not function as a comfortable habitat because of the sterile qual-
ity of steel and glass, and the lack of privacy despite its private location. This laneway house
has to find solutions to those problems. The solid walls are designed to meet the privacy re-
quirements of the by-laws, at the same time an opportunity to introduce a prefabricated wall
29 6x6 house
panel system that features warm wood texture. The sliding glass walls that service the kitchen
area allow for natural ventilation and additional seating on the slab edge in the summer time.
The outdoor deck enhances the entry sequence, reinforces privacy, and functions as an exten-
sion of the living space.
plans
toilet
shower
laundry
fireplace
laurel street
lane
w. 23rd street
deck
The floor plan of the 6x6 house could be the most simple of all the laneway houses designed in this studio, but it requires extensive design complexity in order to achieve efficient use of
30 6x6 house
space as well as to provide functional spaces. Living and sleeping are functioned in the same zone achieved by using a retractable bed system while two solid walls provide privacy. The
most private functions are contained in the wood core and they can be used separately. The dining area and the kitchen is screened by a line of bamboo trees on the east side yet still allow-
ing the occupants to overlook and animate the lane. Parents cooking in the kitchen have visual connection with the kids playing in the meadow fieldv or on the deck. The parking is provided
on the north side away from any visual connection to de-emphasize automobile in daily lives.
axonometric studies
dimension: material:
column: 250 mm x 250 mm wide-flange steel columns painted white
floor, roof and patio slab: 350 mm L shape steel bracket floor support painted white
window mullions: 40 mm x 150 mm C shape steel channel roof support painted white
triple pane window wall: 150 mm polished concrete floor, roof, and patio slab
31 6x6 house
pre-fabricated wall panel: 150 mm hickory wood panelling for core
black walnut wood panelling for west wall
green roof with fritted skylight
detail
Steps
steel T support
bolted cast in place concrete
Slab edge
L bracket
32 6x6 house
concrete
drainage
double window wall tracks
polished concrete floor
wall section
roof:
green roof assembly
roofing membrane
plywood sheathing
wood fibre board insulation
moisture barrier
in-situ concrete
supported by steel C channel
floor:
concrete topping with radiant heating
moisture barrier
wood fibreboard insulation
in-situ concrete
supported by steel L bracket
ground:
1 metre clearance
meadow with wild flower
bio-swale trench around the 3 sides of the building
33 6x6 house
concrete pad footing in ground
elevations
Gutex wood fibre board insulation Sky-Frame sliding window wall system Umbau BedUp ceiling retractable bed system manufac-
Architekturbüro by Herzog & de Meuron tured by Decadrages from Paris
35 6x6 house
digital renderings
site axonometric
36 6x6 house
digital renderings
5 3
2 1 1. approaching the house from w23rd street 2. exterior shading as privacy screening at night with the bed
pulled down
37 6x6 house
3. dining area perspective 4. kitchen area perspective with visual connection to kids outside 5. living room perspective with the bed in the ceiling
location: willow street and west 23rd street, vancouver, bc
willow street
laurel street
w. 23rd street
public space I
civic space
urban steps
39 urban steps
studies population
23rd avenue
lwh main house
number 16 19
24rd avenue
lwh main house
number 14 22
total occupancy 56 77
24rd avenue
lwh main house
number 14 24
lane
OUTDOOR
MEETING ROOM ENCLOSED
KITCHEN / CAFE elevate theatre
PLAYGROUND NEW
PEDE to create ground
STRIA interaction
N PAT
H LIN THEATRE LOBBY
KING
NORT
H AN
widen public realm to create plaza D SO
UTH
THEATRE
N
23rd street
The one-storey low mass building is to fit the scale of the neighborhood (especially the adjacent house to the
west), while the program distribution and it’s form maximize the site’s solar potential. Because the public realm
41 urban steps
requires the most sunlight, it is placed in the middle of the site connecting south-north. This pushes two building
to the sides flanking the public realm. Since the initial section, the public realm is made wider to create plaza
spaces and the theatre is moved to the ground level to create interaction with the public realm. The five metre
elevation change from south to north provides an opportunity to create urban steps throughout the public realm.
plan
daycare
backyard
café
meeting
rooms entrance / backstage
lobby locker /
waiting area stage
public
realm
parti diagram
café
meeting
rooms / gal-
lery hall
nap area
lobby
public realm
42 urban steps
theatre I urban steps I café
The public realm is also a theatre. It is a place for people to gather and show off talents and to
exchange ideas and stories. In the summer time, the theatre stage extends to the outdoor. Small
43 urban steps
plays and music festivals happen on the stage and everyone in the community can participate.
A retired couple operate the café serving bakery and coffee in the morning. The café also functions
as a community kitchen for block parties and potluck dinners.
daycare
summer shading
partial fritted glass canopy for
daycare
thermal mass wall
north
connec
ted to livin
g mach
ine
rain water
collection tank
landscape
The form of the daycare is developed to receive the most sunlight as it is essential for the function
of a daycare. It also generates the architectural language of the whole program: steel structure barn
style construction with rainscreen technology clad with 13 mm thick fibre glass reinforced concrete
panel system. The indoor spaces provide the necessary functions of a daycare while the exterior
44 urban steps
playground offers a didactic play experience. The punched windows along the south side provide the
kids to have visual connection with the public realm, while security is achieved by the transparency
of the whole building so both the public and the supervisors of the daycare can actively monitor the
safety of th kids. didactic play experience
daycare
creative area
Like the theatre, the daycare and its outdoor playground are inter-connected by sliding open the glass
45 urban steps
wall. The creative area is where the kids scribble and paint and make clay figures. The kitchen counter
is right next to the main activities for easy supervision. The storage space is provided by a long strip of
cabinets suspended from the ceiling only accessible by adults. However, the kids are required to put
the toys back to the storage boxes at the end of a day.
meeting room I gallery hall
The interior partition system is inspired by the existing barn construction technology. The natural aesthetic
of dimensional lumbers complement the man-made quality of steel frame structures. It eliminates the ap-
46 urban steps
plication of excessive interior finishes while providing a simple tectonic expression. The sandwich panel
developed for this project is to provide good acoustic performance of the meeting room considering the
daycare is right beside it. The large top-hung sliding doors also allow the meeting rooms to transform into
a gallery hall to show case the talent in the daycare and in the community.
elevation
street elevation
lane elevation
backyard
The stepped community allotment gardens animates the lane during the growing seasons. It is a place
47 urban steps
where the neighbour would exchange herbs and vegetables while exchanging stories in lives. The steps
also allows for visual connection with the urban steps while providing a smooth transition from the street
to the lane. The backyard is an open field for a place to play with the dogs and throw a frisbee while al-
lowing air and light to get to the surrounding laneway houses.
The 102nd thing I learned in architecture school: Design never ends.
7100 I architectural studio I winter 2010
Bryan He