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Optical Time Domain Reflectometer: Application Note No.2
Optical Time Domain Reflectometer: Application Note No.2
Reflectometer
What is the OTDR?
rework or delay.
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OTDR Bl k Di
OTDR : Block Diagram
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R li h b k S
Ray light back Scattering
i
Page 4
OTDR F
OTDR : Fresnel Reflection
l R fl i
Page 5
Th OTDR T
The OTDR Trace
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OTDR G i
OTDR Gainers
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OTDR D d Z
OTDR : Dead Zone
What is dead zone ?
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OTDR E
OTDR : Event dead zone
d d
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OTDR A
OTDR : Attenuation dead zone
i d d
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OTDR D d Z
OTDR : Dead Zone
The Dynamic Range
Therefore, the bigger the dynamic range (in dB), the longer the
di
distance reached.
h d Evidently,
E id l theh maximum
i di
distance varies
i from
f
one application to another since the loss of the link under test is
different.
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OTDR P l
OTDR : Pulse width
id h
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OTDR : Sampling Resolution and Sampling
OTDR : Sampling Resolution and Sampling
Points
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OTDR : Sampling Resolution and Sampling
OTDR : Sampling Resolution and Sampling
Points
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OTDR : Selecting The Right OTDR
1. Dynamic range
2. Dead zones (attenuation and event)
3
3. S
Sampling resolution
li l i
4. y p /
Ability to set pass/fail thresholds
5. Post‐processing and report generation
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Measurement of the transmission link (Optical
Measurement of the transmission link (Optical
fiber)
What we are testing?
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Measurement of the transmission link (Optical
Measurement of the transmission link (Optical
fiber)
1. Dynamic range
2. Dead zones (attenuation and event)
3
3. S
Sampling resolution
li l i
4. y p /
Ability to set pass/fail thresholds
5. Post‐processing and report generation
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Measurement of the transmission link (Optical
Measurement of the transmission link (Optical
fiber)
Using an OTDR you can:
Using an OTDR, you can:
2. Measure the loss across a fusion splice, mechanical splice, connector, or significant
bend in the fiber.
3. Measure the
h intrinsic
i i i lossl d to mode‐field
due d fi ld diameter
di variations
i i b
between two pieces
i off
single‐mode optical fiber connected by a splice or connector.
4. Determine the relative amount of offset and bending loss at a splice or connector
j i i two single
joining i l mode d fibers.
fib
5. Determine the physical offset at a splice or connector joining two pieces of single mode
fiber, when bending loss is in significant.
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Measurement of the transmission link (Optical
Measurement of the transmission link (Optical
fiber)
6. Measure the optical return loss of discrete components, such as mechanical splices and
connectors.
8. Measure a fiber’s linearity, monitoring for such things as local mode‐field pinch off.
10. Measure the link loss, or end‐to‐end loss of the fiber network.
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Measurement of the transmission link (Optical
Measurement of the transmission link (Optical
fiber)
14. Estimate the impact of reflections on transmitters and receivers in a fiber‐optic system.
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Measurement of the transmission link (Optical
Measurement of the transmission link (Optical
fiber)
14. Estimate the impact of reflections on transmitters and receivers in a fiber‐optic system.
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Event analysis and description
• Event (In optical fiber): Is any change in the fiber span, which leads to a significant change
Event (In optical fiber): Is any change in the fiber span, which leads to a significant change
in fiber span.
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Event analysis and description
Span Start
• The Span Start of a trace is the event that marks the beginning of the fiber
span.
• By default, the Span Start is placed on the first event of a tested fiber
(typically the first connector of the OTDR itself).
• You can make another event the start of the span you want to focus your
analysis on. This will set the beginning of the events table at a specific
event along the trace
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Event analysis and description
Span End
• Span End The Span End of a trace is the event that marks the end of the
fiber span.
•By default, the Span End is placed on the last event of a tested fiber, and is
called the end‐of fiber event.
•You can also make another event the end of the span you want to focus
your analysis on. This will set the end of the events table at a specific event
along the trace.
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Event analysis and description
Continuous Fiber
This event indicates that the selected acquisition range was shorter than the
This event indicates that the selected acquisition range was shorter than the
fiber length
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Event analysis and description
End Of Analysis
This This event indicates that the pulse width used did not provide enough
d
dynamici range to
t gett to
t the
th endd off the
th fiber
fib
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Event analysis and description
Non-Reflective Event
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Event analysis and description
Reflective Event
Reflective faults appear as spikes in the fiber trace. They are caused by an
abrupt
b t discontinuity
di ti it in
i the
th index
i d off refraction.
f ti
Page 28
Event analysis and description
Positive Event
This event indicates a splice with an apparent gain, due to the junction of
t
two fib
fiber sections
ti h i
having diff
different
t fiber
fib b k tt
backscatter characteristics
h t i ti
(backscatter and backscatter capture coefficients )
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Event analysis and description
Launch Level
This event indicates the level of the signal launched into the fiber.
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Event analysis and description
Fiber Section
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Event analysis and description
Merged Reflective Event
•This symbol denotes a reflective event combined with one or more other
reflective
fl ti events.
t
•It also indicates the total loss produced by the merged reflective events
followingg it in the events table
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Event analysis and description
Echo
This symbol indicates that a reflective event has been detected after the end of
th fib
the fiber.
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Event analysis and description
Reflective Event (possible echo)
This symbol indicates a reflective event that can be a real reflection or an echo
produced
d d byb another
th stronger
t reflection
fl ti located
l t d closer
l t the
to th source.
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THANK YOU
O
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