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1
‫اس‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ا


ر ا
م‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ن ا  ‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ .I‬ار ا ه   ر ا ر ‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬‫‪ .1‬ا  ا را‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ "#$ .2‬ا  ا را‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪)* .3‬م ا ( ا 'ا&‪%‬‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪
 .4‬ذا ا ( ا 'ا&‪%‬‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -. .5‬ا ( ا 'ا&‪%‬‬

‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪....................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ .II‬إ!اءات  ا   و‬

‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪...................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ .III‬إ!اءات ‪, -‬رة و*) ('‪ $‬ا &‪ $%‬وا ‪#‬‬

‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ .IV‬ا ‪./0‬‬

‫‪53‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ .V‬ا ا!‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‬

‫@? ه‪2‬ا ا   (=< رؤ‪)* :  :‬م ا ( ا 'ا&‪ %‬و' إ‪


78‬ز‪ 5‬و ‪ C8
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‫ا ر‪  ،L‬ح ا   
ر‪ :A‬ا
‪ O‬ا   (=< ا ‪ LA MN
3‬ا ر‪ :‬و‪
)FK‬آ‪3‬ذج ‪ (= GH‬ا ‪A‬ي‪.‬‬

‫و زع أدوار آ ف آ


=‪:‬‬

‫‪ <=7‬أدوار و)


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ت ا
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ء وا‪.) E‬‬

‫أ
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$‬ر_ و‪2*3‬ه
‪.‬‬

‫‪ E‬ه‪2‬ا ا
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‫ا
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‫و )‪2‬ا ا ‪b‬ض م ا   ‪


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‫‪3‬‬
‫ار ا&م‪:‬‬

‫      *) ('& ‪


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F‬ء د‪7  : E‬دة ‪ L‬ا @ ‪
'a‬ت و‬
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ل أوراش ا‪[.‬ح‪ .‬و‪ L‬أ‪ %‬ذ ‪ k3' E h‬ا زارة 
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3‬ا (‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫‪4‬‬
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‫ ح ا   ‪ L :=%‬ا`دوات وا‪%‬اءات ا @*=‪


78
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ر ا ‪MN
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‫ 
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‫‪ .2‬إ!اءات  ا   و‬

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7‬‬
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‫‪ .3‬إ!اءات ‪, -‬رة و*) ('‪ $%&  $‬وا ‪#‬‬

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a E‬ة ‪ O
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‫" !                     


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.‫
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*
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‫‪8‬‬
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‫‪9‬‬
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10

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N*+
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N! "
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‫‪@
 I/ %6
  
 5 !
  %
  %‬‬ ‫‬
‫  ‪.
 A) %6
  
  !
  %
  $#‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪N.@ "&
=   &. 3‬‬
‫‪ =K‬ا  ل ا
م‬
‫ا‪$E‬‬ ‫‪ &:‬ل ا‪J‬‬ ‫ا & ‪M‬ت ا & ل ا&م‪ &: /‬ل ا ورة‬
‫ا‪ 5‬ء‬

‫‪'&: 7 P‬ت ا‪ %‬ول أ‪:N0#‬‬


‫‪ |l[8‬ا  ل ا
م = = ‪ 
A 1 O[( E‬ل ا [‪ ،|l‬أي  ل ا ‪78 x ،a‬ي 
ر‪ LA :8‬ا   ‪#3 L‬ج ‪q3j
A‬‬
‫ا
‪:‬‬
‫ت ‪&C‬ت‬ ‫ت ‪',:‬ت‬ ‫ت ‪Q,:‬ت‬ ‫ا‪R*S‬‬
‫ا‪$E‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪...‬‬

‫‪12‬‬
‫‪ : $#, %: I/ 7 P‬ا ‪,‬اد‪:‬‬
‫ا & ل ا&م‬ ‫‪,:‬اد ا‪W‬‬ ‫ا ‪,‬اد ا& ‪$‬‬ ‫ا ‪,‬اد ا‪5‬د‪$-‬‬ ‫‪M &:‬ت ا ‪,‬اد‬
‫ا‪ 5‬ء‬

‫‪'&: 7 P‬ت ا‪ %‬ول‪:‬‬


‫‪ = 8‬أن ا  ل ا
م = = ‪7 :7 8 m‬ع  ‪c‬ت ا اد ا`د‪ :A‬وا =‪ :‬واد ا * ‪ .r‬أي أن ا *ق أو‬
‫ا ‪ w‬أو ا  ‪' 7 q‬را‪c  :=jl E 1‬ت ا اد ا ‪ :*
a‬ا ‪2‬آ‪ .‬وه‪2‬ا 
‪ E 1sK=8‬ا ‪7‬ول أ([‪ .5‬وه@‪2‬ا ‪_F a8‬‬
‫*ء ا  =‪c  Cal L‬ت ا اد (=< ا ‪ @$‬ا
‪:‬‬

‫ا‪W‬‬ ‫ا& ‪$‬‬ ‫ا‪5‬د‪$-‬‬ ‫ا ‪,‬اد‬


‫ا‪ 5‬ء‬

‫)‪R&C :(-‬‬ ‫)=(‪\,: :‬‬ ‫‪,: :+‬ق‬


‫  
(‪
8‬ه‪2‬ا ا ‪7‬ول ‪ :E  E‬ا  =‪ L‬ا  *‪ LO‬وا  ‪ LF‬وا 
ف ‪c  CaKA‬ت ا اد ا [ث‪
3 r 
 ،‬إ@
‪:8‬‬
‫@‪
(7 L‬ت ‪ *3A‬ا ‪ q3j‬ا ‪ ،vA
a‬وه 
‪ 5a7‬ا ‪ @$‬ا
‪:‬‬

‫ا ‪,‬اد ا& ‪$‬‬


‫‪ :^:‬ا‪&9‬ف‬ ‫‪ :^:‬ا ‪Q,‬‬
‫‪2  &:‬‬ ‫‪ :^:‬ا ‪',‬‬ ‫‪1  &:‬‬
‫‪4  &:‬‬ ‫‪3  &:‬‬ ‫‪12  &:‬‬
‫‪...‬‬ ‫‪6  &:‬‬ ‫‪....‬‬
‫‪....‬‬

‫ و‪ *3A‬ا ‪@8 :F‬ن ‪


(7‬ت ا اد ا`د‪ ،:A‬واد ا * ‪ .r‬و@‪ E L‬ه‪2‬ا ا
ر ا‪7
A :8
c‬ول ا
‪:‬‬

‫‪13‬‬
‫‪,:‬اد ا‪W‬‬ ‫ا ‪,‬اد ا& ‪$‬‬ ‫ا ‪,‬اد ا‪5‬د‪$-‬‬
‫‪:^:‬‬ ‫‪:^:‬‬ ‫‪:^:‬‬ ‫‪:^:‬‬ ‫‪:^:‬‬ ‫‪:^:‬‬ ‫‪:^:‬‬ ‫‪:^:‬‬ ‫‪:^:‬‬
‫ا‪&9‬ف‬ ‫ا ‪',‬‬ ‫ا ‪Q,‬‬ ‫ا‪&9‬ف‬ ‫ا ‪',‬‬ ‫ا ‪Q,‬‬ ‫ا‪&9‬ف‬ ‫ا ‪',‬‬ ‫ا ‪Q,‬‬

‫ ‪ I/ 7 P‬ا ‪,‬اد ا‪$#‬‬

‫ا‪W‬‬ ‫ا& ‪$‬‬ ‫ا‪5‬د‪$-‬‬ ‫ا ‪,‬اد‬


‫ت‪.‬‬ ‫ا‪:0#‬ت‬ ‫ت‪.‬‬ ‫ا&‪ $-‬ا‪# !M‬ت ا_‪ $‬ا<‪C‬ت ع‪.‬ا'‪ $&E‬ع‪.‬ا‪$b<c‬‬ ‫ت‪.‬‬
‫ا‪$_ E‬‬ ‫ا` ‪$‬‬ ‫ا‪:0‬‬ ‫ا & ‬
‫<‪$‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
 :    .#/ :2 

:< J

#T$ (1:*T .)  (+ + 


 >3 8    .(   + += .@ "& *& Q(
.+ 
 '(=  

  HE
 ( *+ ."; . .  &3  ; *& Q  ! "
T( >T= &  
  HE  &  & ;  .@   L#  +; ! " ? + L#& *&&
 .
 *5(& -(  (= Q( *+
  ."; * 8  7 + & '(= HE 
  ;
. . -+=3  
 ? 
@ &(  =   &  / +; .@ "& >@ = P#$
:  
E()  I  *&&( . P#$
+ & 
 (  
 -+   @ & + +=  +;  
 ? 
@  # 
N (+
N1@ P#$ ++= $  + 1@  $F@( &  
 $ 
N*+
 ."; * 8 . .  &3 Q  &" 
 P#$ B( *8  & 

- (
;7  !
   
  % '
.1
 + 
@ >@  
 
      " + >
 %  
 +E *+
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:' *& Q( @ . P#$ U ?   
  7 +) -+=3  
 ?  ;
D  " 6
 = *
 &  +@  
D &"  ; 5 K.   L
 *
 & ( &" K.  +  
 +T
 4 =  /+  E. ) + ?  ( += >
 *
 &    '(;  
D(@( (& 7B  #() ? 1
D+ 
 += ; & >3 8 *
 &     
4T *T5E14 +( ; *5
&" 4 *5(;  
 =  -; 
 9(
D*5
&"
.*5(; 
 5    . >
   *+
 ."; + "

 %
 C
%6
 ;
     .2
 9
  ;9 09
;9)  % 0 C
%6
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   ) D 2   E.1.2
:,  2 F'*   5 

(Q + ;  +)  


 +)   ; .( 4 L( 5 +  + $
N  ; .( 4 L( 5 +    + $
* &   0&)
 $%
 ?   .2.2
:  +  5
 = 
 ( *
 ? 
@ %3 
  5  =

15
‫ا‪W‬‬ ‫ا& ‪$‬‬ ‫ا‪5‬د‪$-‬‬ ‫ا ‪,‬اد‬
‫ا‪:0#‬ت ت‪.‬‬ ‫ت‪.‬‬ ‫ا&‪ $-‬ا‪# !M‬ت ا_‪ $‬ا<‪C‬ت ع‪.‬ا'‪ $&E‬ع‪.‬ا‪$b<c‬‬ ‫ت‪.‬‬
‫ا‪$_ E‬‬ ‫ا` ‪$‬‬ ‫ا‪$:0‬‬ ‫ا & ‬

‫   ‪


 F'*  7‬‬
‫‪ T
 T(& .@    (=  &3 Q  ( #$ . + & '(= EB &" *+
 ."; * 8 S‬‬
‫  ‪T     
 (&  (=  ; &  &" *5 + K.  & >3 6‬‬
‫‪.  *5(; 5 +  &  *5(&  @  .   +‬‬
‫‪4 ++= &  &" +  #  
   >3 8 & '(= *+
 ."; * 8 S‬‬
‫ ‪. *5E‬‬

‫‪ 
   '(; "&  & .3‬؟‬

‫‪?T  *T& Q( ( #$ .& + 


   
    '(; + +=  E+ *& K +‬‬
‫
&*  ‪. +–    S (  /+   . # '() & + .*+‬‬

‫‪
$‬آ (
‪:=N‬‬ ‫ا [‪_ :O‬‬ ‫ا [‪_ :O‬‬ ‫ا ‪:F‬‬ ‫  ه‪
3‬ك‬ ‫اآ‬ ‫ا اد‬
‫ا [‪2‬‬ ‫ا رس‬ ‫ا ‪:= a‬‬ ‫ل =
دة‬ ‫ا ات‬ ‫ا *(‪:‬‬ ‫ا`'
ب‬
‫‪ L‬ف‬ ‫ا  =‪L‬‬
‫ا رس‬
‫‪.............‬‬ ‫ا  = ‪1‬‬
‫‪.............‬‬ ‫ا  = ‪2‬‬
‫‪.............‬‬ ‫ا  = ‪3‬‬
‫‪.............‬‬ ‫ا  = ‪4‬‬

‫‪16‬‬
;'2 ; :3  


:< J

 T
 +T +=  (2:*T T.)  
 ? 
@ (1:* .) .@ "&  & *& Q(
*& =   " #$ .5& #&  (+ + 
 >3 8    .(  
.+ 
 '(=  

  HE
 ( *+ ."; . .  &3  ;
*&+T( ;     L
 '(;  
 '(&    = B&; @+ 
 >
 =

>
 = *& Q(  E. -+=3 >@ #() "( U *+
  ."; * 8 ?   7
.
 P#$
:  
E()  I  *&&( . P#$
T T  @ &  @+ 
 9(  +; #() "(  # 
N (+ + 
 ( -+ (+ '(&
N #() "( 1  $F@( &  
 $ 
N*+
 ."; * 8 . .  &3 Q  &" 
 P#$ B( *8  & 
N5 * @ * (  "( * @ *&&  & 

- (
;7 ;'2 ;  % '
.1
T"( >@  
 
      " + >
 %  
 +E *+
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:' *& Q( @ . P#$ U ?   
  7 +) -+=3 #()
D*
 & = #(; &  +@   
D &"  ; 6 K.   L
 *
 & ( &" K.  +   
N*
 & (  ;  + &"  H + %4;   
D+ 
 += ; & >3 8 *
 &      
D@( H
 (  
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*T(@  L
( 4 =) + 
 ( *
 & (   @ '(;   
D(... W (+ *(@ + 1 (+
D*5
&" 4 +  
 +( #() =@ = 5 -; 
   
. #()  @(  . >
   *+
 ."; + " 

 %
 C
%6
 ;
  )   .2
'(&    
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@ %3 −
.(+
B( 1   
 
  &  + & ; (=( :+ &" #() %@  −
.*
 & >
 K.(  
E()    = ? .2:* . 1:* .

17
‫  
 ‪:
E() L
  9#‬‬
‫‪=  &  & >
 +( ;  *& %@
 E *
 #5 (   *+
 ."; *8 −‬‬
‫= & @   ‪.*5(+  #  
 -+‬‬
‫‪P#$ ; +   6 5 ;  " 1 ....*
 5
 =  .@ >3 8 −‬‬
‫
* ‪B&;  =  ; *& & $ (5   @ & + + )   /  .@ 6‬‬
‫= & @   ‪N*
 #$ -+‬‬

‫‪ 7b, $E*-‬ا& ‪ : 7‬إ‪#‬دة ا*‪  f‬ا‪ %‬ول ا‪5‬ول وا‪ P< eP- _A‬أن <`‪,‬ن آ ‪:‬‬
‫أ‪E‬ب ا&‪ A‬أو‬ ‫‪....................:2‬‬ ‫‪....................:1‬‬ ‫ا `‪,‬ن‬
‫ا‪,‬ق‬ ‫*‬
‫ا ا & ‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫ا )ة ‪1‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ا )ة ‪2‬‬
‫=‬ ‫ا )ة ‪3‬‬

‫* ا @ن ه ‪ L :(7‬ا روس  ا‪l


)3A
E :FA‬ل *)م  ‪.L‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

 G:  
< 
 G!
   :4 


:

+T -+T=3 &" ((= <) *(@ + <  4 <  1& ; 6 L"  
<T P#5 
  . +  / *& #3 . 
 -+   @ & + +=  (()
. @ *+ .") *&. . %B;    $#; $B( +
:  
E()  I  *&&( . P#$
N 
 -+   @ & = 

 +& < # 
N(= <  4 <  5( &  
 $  
N*+
 ."; * 8 . .  &3 Q  &" 
 P#$ B( *8  & 
N

 +& < +  ! " E. * @  & 

- (
;7 G!
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.5
<T != 
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:*& Q  ) ?  5 
  7 E.  (= <  4
D*
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D*
 & 5=.  ; &" K.  + &   (2
D*
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D 
&" ;   
= %B;  
 -+   @ & + += (4
D &" = ; *5 43  ( !   & + += (5
D
  Y= %B;   @ &   (6
D  %B; = @ .   @ & + += (7
D   5    @ & + += (8
D  
 * +@ * 8    @ & + += (9
D 5 '   '    #R  *+
 ."; + " (10

G!
  ; 
 $%
   0)   .3

T +T$)) 5& 


  (+ + !  
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+T$Z (1 6;  =  @( 5321:* .    5  >
 + (@( >)
: 

 8=1 1   &" + :   6U 
  Y= .

19
:$%
  H)
   
/ %
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< 
 G!
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:G!
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<#  I >1< C)/  %
 A 5G!
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:A $%
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D51 4 >
 
E(; K. S;
D @  (+ '& $ + >3 + S'
D( ) &") -; + >3 + S9
.-; ? + >3 + S+
:%
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,:
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*<# / 01( 
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7 0+
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1 %

2 %

3 %

'
( ' &  = :(-) ' I ' &  = :(+)

(+9';) = + 2 F(


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. +  . '(=  
 % >3 + L# +

20
‫‪ .III‬إ!اءات ‪, -‬رة و*) ('‪ $‬ا &‪ $%‬وا ‪#‬‬

‫‪21‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ا‪5‬دوات ا & ة ‪ :‬ف اآ‪ 7‬ا*‪ S  $ f‬ي ‪   $#%*-‬ر ا ر ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 2= @A :.
G :O
FA -‬ذات أ ان ‪::*= #‬‬
‫• ا '
 ‪):‬د ‪
F8c
A‬ع ا ر؛‬
‫• أ‪._F3 :l‬‬
‫‪O -‬ا‪ N‬ا [‪2‬؛‬
‫‪
O
FA -‬ت ‪:.
G‬؛‬
‫‪ -‬ا 
‪c‬ت ا ?‪L‬؛‬
‫‪[7 -‬ت ا ‪
b‬ب؛‬
‫‪ Ca8 -‬ا‪
F8c‬ع؛‬
‫‪( Ca8 -‬م ا‪
K c‬ق؛‬
‫‪ Ca8 -‬ا @ار؛‬
‫‪ -‬ا 
ر‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬إ‪.‬ار ‪2‬آة ‪K :s3‬د ‪ :=@$‬ه‪ 52‬ا =‪ L7‬وا‪
)
.
j G‬؛‬
‫‪ -‬إ‪l‬اث ‪ .‬و‪)= 3‬ر ا ر‪.‬‬

‫‪22‬‬

 #K
 $2

%#
  7  

%#
  7  .1
 T
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   4 \Q(
] ^  !=  .";
.*(@   &" (+   &3 *5 Q   D (+ H & (+
 (
:
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.5W  5  ! " Q(  D+  &  0() 1 4 +  S
.(+  (   &"  +  +  $# 5 ++( 
@ +  = S
 >
  
 +( +  &  D + = (  <  = S
.  I HE  @=
  ) .( *+)   *5  +( +  
   
  + S
.(..
.Q ."; &  %@& 
& ."; *5; 5;  #  
 43 S
%#
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.2
:  +$)  @= >3  ."; >(
.5 *8  >
 *
 +  .1
. *4  F( = >
 + 6
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.  .")   *5&"  .3
.6 + = !@ <  %14  ?  +  *5 & .4
.L"   P+(  
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 6+( .5
. [  
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.) .( *+  .   B  
 +( ! =3 .7

%#
  7 ?   .3

: .1.3
. *5  *
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:   + # L& L# ) . 

.5  
 (( ; & & #3 $43 '
.  != S
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 + ; ) 
. E( +Z ++= 4 @

23
: I
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"#
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.:+  . ( .+ ++I ; 
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.   S  : 07
.*5   S
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. .  8 &  . 
      # 07
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.  =@ . 8 ! *+ >3 =   
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.( *+ ; ) *+ B  + *5+( !" + '( -( 
. +( !"; .
 +(
 (  =@ . (  .  *5 ( 4 4  
 
& + + 7 ,  
.EB *+ . ) >
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:> #
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.  (@ :+  >3 8=1 6 5; 43  *
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.*5E14  943 *+ %+5 *8 *=  >3  
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+( + 6 *+@ ; = 6 . *5 %+; *
      
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:
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.0  
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.>
; (+ -(  ; +  -( :#   / 4 +( '
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:0 $7 .4
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  2 $ #
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:M 2 ....................... :+


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........ 
/ .......  ........... :(;) +
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0%
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‫دي‬E K
(
% : %‫ا‬
‫ان‬O`
A (‫د‬ ‫
ن‬K ‫ا‬
(
a "#y :F‫ا‬A (‫د‬

24
:  
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E() %   ."; * @ L&U
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N)   + +(    . $ o
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$# 8: ,: 0%
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< J:
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. ++= 5 +   & ; &  #3 D  +$  @= >3   & S
.4`   +   P+ += &    + ;       S
.  * 8  & '(&  &3  
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.............................................................................................. -
: VGW & -G  !B(.U
.............................................................................................. -
.............................................................................................. -
: VGW  78-Y:.X
.............................................................................................. -
.............................................................................................. -
&2 6N !- )=  .Z
.............................................................................................. -
.............................................................................................. -

50
:P ) &:T;  87 .[
:-    +
...................................... ......................................... \
:-   +
...................................... ......................................... \
.......................... :J,/[ 0 K -f< -&7 +
(E(1) 
& '(= .
%7 - 1 2 ` 
] X( & 0  *G &2 6$ !- )  +a: Q‫ر‬
T-^_ &,: &C- &C- &)0  Ia  Jb & 0   
& 2 & c

: G*d )= e I7T & - &C- 1-a : &a;:


f!- & - % g:/  Q;h  & 0 2h &*' &6- # .1
8i & - +)=  !- -' 8 1-a- & -: &6- #.2
:‫ن‬, P ‫ اآء ا‬.‫ح‬
&* &  &C- P6 "-, 
- ................ ................................................................ -
.................. - . ...........................................................
- ................ ................................................................ -
.................. - . ...........................................................
- ................ ................................................................ -
.................. - . ...........................................................

51
:&2 6N !- )=  &F .9
  
 $ ! %"  
!"     
 
()'  !#     
1 / &"'
 IOV
1[

2[

....
:kG  j  .10
j  &2E .1.10
j  !- -) G X-< *7-G  T-^# X-< !- )=  &2 6N 9 &:*
KY  KY  I I I I RS- 
n-   &*-o 8 _ :-m l;26?
 a:  a: 4 3 2 1

(gK Q /# 2U ce) gK , U -? .1 .10


I- +E  V*d W 7G !"_ 5-@  $ p=  J' - = &GGc RS-  I2 RS- 

:gK c , \ .2 .10
:   1j< kI# N
......................................... \
......................................... \
:0/?I "R' l. kI# N
......................................... \
......................................... \
:1j<  >m/[ , -In /)\ a /o kI# N
......................................... \
......................................... +
:].  `\, -   "R' N pq kI# N
......................................... \
......................................... +
......................................... +

52
‫‪ .V‬ا ا!‪1‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ا '‪ M
8‬ا‪2011-2009 
7 c‬؛ وزارة ا ‪ :A‬ا ‪ :3‬وا = ا
 و@‪ L‬ا‪ c‬وا '‪ ŒK‬ا =‬
‫‪ (2‬ا '‪ M
8‬ا ‪ L K= 3‬ا )ر ا ر؛ ‪ :‬ا ‪ & :A‬ا ‪:
s3‬‬
‫‪ M
8A :&j (3‬ا ( ا ‪A‬ي وا ‪ a*3‬ا‪(
 %c‬؛ ‪$‬وع ‪.2009-2004 ALEF/USAID‬‬

‫‪53‬‬

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