Contemporary World: A WORLD OF REGIONS

ASEAN → a group of countries

• Philippines is part of South-East located in the same
Asia therefore we are part of geographically specified
ASEAN area
→ an amalgamation of two
REGIONALISM regions or a combination of
• Political and economic more than two regions
phenomenon • …organized to regulate and
• Can be examined in relation to oversee flows and policy choices
identities, ethics, religion, • Regionalization VS Regionalism
ecological sustainability, and health → Regionalization – Regional
• A process that is “emergent, concentration of economic
socially constituted phenomenon” flows
→ Regions are not natural or → Regionalism – Political
given, rather they are process characterized by
constructed and defined economic policy
• Orientalism – Racism by classifying cooperation and
coordination among
Countries of… countries
• North – Developed, Colonizer
(Wealthy) HOW COUTRIES RESPOND TO
• South – Developing, Colonized GLOBALIZATION
(Poor) • Large countries have a lot of
Note: resources to dictate how they
- Division has something to do with participate in processes of global
climate change integration
- It started during the cold war • Small countries take advantage of
their strategic location
BEFORE THE WORLD WAS DIVIDED • Most countries form regional
INTO THREE: alliances
• 1st World
→ US/Allies WHY DO COUNTRIES FORM
→ Democratic or Capitalism REGIONAL ASSOCIATIONS?
• 2nd World • Military Defense
→ Russia/China → North Atlantic Treaty
→ Communist Organization – Several
• 3rd World Western European
→ Non-aligned (NAM) countries plus US agreed to
Note: protect Europe against
- 1st and 2nd was part of the North Soviet Region (NATO)
division → Warsaw Pact – Response of
- 3rd was part of the south division Soviet Region to NATO.
This consisted of the
COUNTRIES, REGIONS, AND Eastern European countries
GLOBALIZATION under Soviet domination.
• Edward Mansfield and Helen Miller However, it was imploded
• Regions are… in December 1991.

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 Contemporary World: A WORLD OF REGIONS

• Trading institutions, and system that

→ Organization of the exist outside of the
Petroleum Exporting traditional established
Countries – was established mainstream institutions and
on 1960 by Iran, Iraq, systems
Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and → Some organizations
Venezuela to regulate the partners with governments
production and sale of oil to initiate social change
(OPEC) (Legitimizers)
• Protect Independence → Other organizations
→ Non-Aligned Movement – dedicate themselves to
was established in 1961 by specialized causes
the presidents of Egypt, → Power lies in their moral
Ghana, India, Indonesia, standing and their ability to
and Yugoslavia to pursue combine lobbying with
world peace, international pressure politics
cooperation, human rights, → Challenges: Poorly
national sovereignty, racial financed, discord
and national equality, non-
intervention, and peaceful CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES
conflict resolution. It had • Resurgence of militant nationalism
120 member countries at its and populism
peak (NAM) • Financial crisis
• Economic Crisis • Disagreements on sovereignty vs.
→ When the Thai economy stability
collapsed in 1996, ASEAN • Differing visions of what regionalism
along with China, Japan, should be
and South Korea agreed to
establish an emergency
fund to anticipate a crisis
that the Asian economies
stabilized

NON-STATE REGIONALISM
• “New Regionalism”
→ Tiny association focused on
a single problem or huge
unions that address a broad
set of common problems
• What do they do?
→ Rely on the power of
individuals, NGOs, and
associations to link up with
one another in pursuit of a
particular goal/s
→ Reformists who share the
same values, norms,