GENETIC

MANIPULATION OF
PESTS
 Sterile male technique
- male of insects are caught
and subjected to
Genetic control sterilization which are then
- involves released in the field to
manipulation of compete with the wild
genetic make-up population (non-sterile) in
mating with the females;
of insects through since the female fly, mates
chemical only once, mating with
sterilization or sterile males results in
gamma radiation females producing infertile
eggs thus, eventually
population dies out

ex. fruitfly control in Guimaras

island
Use of Sterile Male Insects

Preconditions
•Applicable only in isolated areas
such as islands
•Requires initial insecticide application
•Requires mass rearing of insects
•Requires sterilization chamber
•Requires skill in sorting male pupae
•Requires community-wide
participation
BEHAVIORAL
CONTROL
Semiochemicals

- behavior-modifying chemicals
- chemical substances that delivers
messages intraspecifically or
interspecifically
Types of semiochemicals

Allomones
- interspecific semiochemical that
favors the producer
- can be used as
repellent/suppressant/deterrent
- used for depriving insects
Repellants
- provides favor to
the producer
- chemical that
prevent insect
Citronella
damage to plants
and animals by
rendering them
unattractive,
unpalatable or
offensive
Marigolds
 Uses of repellants

1. repellent for foliage feeding

2. repellent for crawling insects -
used as soil barriers
3. repellent for wood feeding insects
4. repellents for blood-sucking insect

Ageratum
Spiny amaranth - repels cutworms
Types of semiochemicals

Kairomones
- chemicals that favor the receiver
can be interspecific or
intraspecific guides insects in
locating their hosts, mates and
others
- can be used as attractants
 Types of attractants
a. sex pheromones - produced by female
insects at the copulatory organ; brings
together opposite sexes for mating
b. alarm pheromone - produced particularly
by ants and bees through their sting and
inform other members of the group to some
source of danger
c. trail marking pheromones - produced by
ants and bees to guide other members of
the colony towards a source of food or
refuge
d. aggregating pheromone - encourage
other members of the group to aggregate
 Uses of attractants
1. for detecting or monitoring
population of pest species
2. to attract insects to traps
3. can confuse the insects for
their mating and oviposition
behavior
 Example
Male annihilation technique
- makes use of pheromones
which are substances
secreted by the female to
attract the male of the same
species
- the aim is to reduce the
population of male fruit flies
to low level that minimal or
no mating occur resulting in
no fertile egg production
ex. Methyl eugenol - fruitfly
Cinnamomum mercadoi
(“kalingag”)
ATTRACTANT/PHEROMONES

SAMPLE ATTRACTANTS
• Cuelure
• Methyl Eugenol
• Zorgen
– Improvised sticky trap using 2-T container
ATTRACTANT/PHEROMONES

WOTA T-TRAP
BITAG
Tumatagal ang bisa,
sulit at ligtas
gamitin!
Use/Recommendations

§ Maglagay ng pheromone trap mula 30-35 DAT

§ Tiyaking protektado ang lure sa direktang sikat
ng araw at ulan
§ Maglagay ng 3 trap kada 2,500 sq. m (1/4
hectare) o 12 traps bawat ektarya
§ Ang pagitan ng bawat trap ay mga 20 metro sa
“Z” strategy
§ Palitan ang lure ng bawat trap kada buwan
§ Tiyaking may palaging tubig ang trap at hindi
ito natutuyuan
§ Ilagay sa freezer o sa isang malamig na lugar
at tuyong lugar ang mga di pa nagagamit na
lure