CFR 2011 Title49 Vol3 Part195 PDF

Pt. 195 49 CFR Ch.
I (10–1–11 Edition)
Major rivers Nearest town and state Subpart C—Design Requirements

White River ............................ Batesville, AR. 195.100 Scope.
White River ............................ Grand Glaise, AR. 195.101 Qualifying metallic components
Wisconsin River ..................... Wisconsin Rapids, WI. other than pipe.
Yukon River ........................... Fairbanks, AK.
195.102 Design temperature.
195.104 Variations in pressure.
Other Navigable Waters 195.106 Internal design pressure.
Arthur Kill Channel, NY 195.108 External pressure.
Cook Inlet, AK 195.110 External loads.
Freeport, TX 195.111 Fracture propagation.
Los Angeles/Long Beach Harbor, CA 195.112 New pipe.
Port Lavaca, TX 195.114 Used pipe.
San Fransico/San Pablo Bay, CA 195.116 Valves.
195.118 Fittings.
195.120 Passage of internal inspection de-
PART 195—TRANSPORTATION OF vices.
HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE 195.122 Fabricated branch connections.
195.124 Closures.
Subpart A—General 195.126 Flange connection.
195.128 Station piping.
Sec. 195.130 Fabricated assemblies.
195.0 Scope. 195.132 Design and construction of above-
195.1 Which pipelines are covered by this ground breakout tanks.
part?
195.134 CPM leak detection.
195.2 Definitions.
195.3 Incorporation by reference.
Subpart D—Construction
195.4 Compatibility necessary for transpor-
tation of hazardous liquids or carbon di- 195.200 Scope.
oxide. 195.202 Compliance with specifications or
195.5 Conversion to service subject to this standards.
part. 195.204 Inspection—general.
195.6 Unusually Sensitive Areas (USAs). 195.205 Repair, alteration and reconstruc-
195.8 Transportation of hazardous liquid or tion of aboveground breakout tanks that
carbon dioxide in pipelines constructed have been in service.
with other than steel pipe. 195.206 Material inspection.
195.9 Outer continental shelf pipelines. 195.207 Transportation of pipe.
195.10 Responsibility of operator for compli- 195.208 Welding of supports and braces.
ance with this part.
195.210 Pipeline location.
195.11 What is a regulated rural gathering
195.212 Bending of pipe.
line and what requirements apply?
195.214 Welding: General.
195.12 What requirements apply to low-
195.216 Welding: Miter joints.
stress pipelines in rural areas?
195.222 Welders: Qualification of welders.
Subpart B—Annual, Accident, and Safety- 195.224 Welding: Weather.
195.226 Welding: Arc burns.
Related Condition Reporting
195.228 Welds and welding inspection:
195.48 Scope. Standards of acceptability.
195.49 Annual report. 195.230 Welds: Repair or removal of defects.
195.50 Reporting accidents. 195.234 Welds: Nondestructive testing.
195.52 Immediate notice of certain acci- 195.236–195.244 [Reserved]
dents. 195.246 Installation of pipe in a ditch.
195.54 Accident reports. 195.248 Cover over buried pipeline.
195.55 Reporting safety-related conditions. 195.250 Clearance between pipe and under-
195.56 Filing safety-related condition re- ground structures.
ports. 195.252 Backfilling.
195.57 Filing offshore pipeline condition re- 195.254 Above ground components.
ports. 195.256 Crossing of railroads and highways.
195.58 Report submission requirements. 195.258 Valves: General.
195.59 Abandonment or deactivation of fa- 195.260 Valves: Location.
cilities. 195.262 Pumping equipment.
195.60 Operator assistance in investigation. 195.264 Impoundment, protection against
wreier-aviles on DSK3TPTVN1PROD with CFR
195.63 OMB control number assigned to in- entry, normal/emergency venting or

formation collection. pressure/vacuum relief for aboveground
195.64 National Registry of Pipeline and breakout tanks.
LNG operators. 195.266 Construction records.
542
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Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin., DOT Pt. 195
Subpart E—Pressure Testing Subpart H—Corrosion Control

195.300 Scope. 195.551 What do the regulations in this sub-
195.302 General requirements. part cover?
195.303 Risk-based alternative to pressure 195.553 What special definitions apply to
testing older hazardous liquid and carbon this subpart?
dioxide pipelines. 195.555 What are the qualifications for su-
195.304 Test pressure. pervisors?
195.305 Testing of components. 195.557 Which pipelines must have coating
195.306 Test medium. for external corrosion control?
195.307 Pressure testing aboveground break- 195.559 What coating material may I use for
out tanks. external corrosion control?
195.308 Testing of tie-ins. 195.561 When must I inspect pipe coating
195.310 Records. used for external corrosion control?
195.563 Which pipelines must have cathodic
Subpart F—Operation and Maintenance protection?
195.565 How do I install cathodic protection
195.400 Scope.
on breakout tanks?
195.401 General requirements.
195.567 Which pipelines must have test leads
195.402 Procedural manual for operations,
and what must I do to install and main-
maintenance, and emergencies.
tain the leads?
195.403 Emergency response training.
195.404 Maps and records. 195.569 Do I have to examine exposed por-
tions of buried pipelines?
195.405 Protection against ignitions and safe
access/egress involving floating roofs. 195.571 What criteria must I use to deter-
195.406 Maximum operating pressure. mine the adequacy of cathodic protec-
195.408 Communications. tion?
195.410 Line markers. 195.573 What must I do to monitor external
195.412 Inspection of rights-of-way and corrosion control?
crossings under navigable waters. 195.575 Which facilities must I electrically
195.413 Underwater inspection and reburial isolate and what inspections, tests, and
of pipelines in the Gulf of Mexico and its safeguards are required?
inlets. 195.577 What must I do to alleviate inter-
195.414–195.418 [Reserved] ference currents?
195.420 Valve maintenance. 195.579 What must I do to mitigate internal
195.422 Pipeline repairs. corrosion?
195.424 Pipe movement. 195.581 Which pipelines must I protect
195.426 Scraper and sphere facilities. against atmospheric corrosion and what
195.428 Overpressure safety devices and coating material may I use?
overfill protection systems. 195.583 What must I do to monitor atmos-
195.430 Firefighting equipment. pheric corrosion control?
195.432 Inspection of in-service breakout 195.585 What must I do to correct corroded
tanks. pipe?
195.434 Signs. 195.587 What methods are available to deter-
195.436 Security of facilities. mine the strength of corroded pipe?
195.438 Smoking or open flames. 195.588 What standards apply to direct as-
195.440 Public awareness. sessment?
195.442 Damage prevention program. 195.589 What corrosion control information
195.444 CPM leak detection. do I have to maintain?
195.446 Control room management. APPENDIX A TO PART 195—DELINEATION BE-
TWEEN FEDERAL AND STATE JURISDIC-
HIGH CONSEQUENCE AREAS
TION—STATEMENT OF AGENCY POLICY AND
195.450 Definitions. INTERPRETATION
APPENDIX B TO PART 195—RISK-BASED ALTER-
PIPELINE INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT NATIVE TO PRESSURE TESTING OLDER HAZ-
195.452 Pipeline integrity management in ARDOUS LIQUID AND CARBON DIOXIDE PIPE-
high consequence areas. LINES
APPENDIX C TO PART 195—GUIDANCE FOR IM-
Subpart G—Qualification of Pipeline PLEMENTATION OF AN INTEGRITY MANAGE-
Personnel MENT PROGRAM
AUTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 5103, 60102, 60104,

195.501 Scope.
60108, 60109, 60116, 60118, and 60137; and 49 CFR
195.503 Definitions.
1.53.
195.505 Qualification program.
195.507 Recordkeeping. SOURCE: Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27,
195.509 General. 1981, unless otherwise noted.
543
§ 195.0 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
EDITORIAL NOTE: Nomenclature changes to side facility grounds) and does not
part 195 appear at 71 FR 33409, June 9, 2006. cross an offshore area or a waterway
currently used for commercial naviga-
Subpart A—General tion;
(4) Transportation of petroleum
§ 195.0 Scope. through an onshore rural gathering
This part prescribes safety standards line that does not meet the definition
and reporting requirements for pipeline of a ‘‘regulated rural gathering line’’ as
facilities used in the transportation of provided in § 195.11. This exception does
hazardous liquids or carbon dioxide. not apply to gathering lines in the in-
[Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR 26925, June 12, 1991]
lets of the Gulf of Mexico subject to
§ 195.413;
§ 195.1 Which pipelines are covered by (5) Transportation of hazardous liq-
this Part? uid or carbon dioxide in an offshore
(a) Covered. Except for the pipelines pipeline in state waters where the pipe-
listed in paragraph (b) of this Section, line is located upstream from the out-
this Part applies to pipeline facilities let flange of the following farthest
and the transportation of hazardous downstream facility: The facility
liquids or carbon dioxide associated where hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide
with those facilities in or affecting are produced or the facility where pro-
interstate or foreign commerce, includ- duced hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide
ing pipeline facilities on the Outer are first separated, dehydrated, or oth-
Continental Shelf (OCS). Covered pipe- erwise processed;
lines include, but are not limited to: (6) Transportation of hazardous liq-
(1) Any pipeline that transports a uid or carbon dioxide in a pipeline on
highly volatile liquid; the OCS where the pipeline is located
(2) Any pipeline segment that crosses upstream of the point at which oper-
a waterway currently used for commer- ating responsibility transfers from a
cial navigation; producing operator to a transporting
(3) Except for a gathering line not operator;
covered by paragraph (a)(4) of this Sec- (7) A pipeline segment upstream
tion, any pipeline located in a rural or (generally seaward) of the last valve on
non-rural area of any diameter regard- the last production facility on the OCS
less of operating pressure; where a pipeline on the OCS is pro-
(4) Any of the following onshore ducer-operated and crosses into state
gathering lines used for transportation waters without first connecting to a
of petroleum: transporting operator’s facility on the
(i) A pipeline located in a non-rural OCS. Safety equipment protecting
area; PHMSA-regulated pipeline segments is
(ii) A regulated rural gathering line not excluded. A producing operator of a
as provided in § 195.11; or segment falling within this exception
(iii) A pipeline located in an inlet of may petition the Administrator, under
the Gulf of Mexico as provided in § 190.9 of this chapter, for approval to
§ 195.413. operate under PHMSA regulations gov-
(b) Excepted. This Part does not apply erning pipeline design, construction,
to any of the following: operation, and maintenance;
(1) Transportation of a hazardous liq- (8) Transportation of hazardous liq-
uid transported in a gaseous state; uid or carbon dioxide through onshore
(2) Transportation of a hazardous liq- production (including flow lines), refin-
uid through a pipeline by gravity; ing, or manufacturing facilities or stor-
(3) Transportation of a hazardous liq- age or in-plant piping systems associ-
uid through any of the following low- ated with such facilities;
stress pipelines: (9) Transportation of hazardous liq-
(i) A pipeline subject to safety regu- uid or carbon dioxide:
lations of the U.S. Coast Guard; or (i) By vessel, aircraft, tank truck,
(ii) A pipeline that serves refining, tank car, or other non-pipeline mode of
manufacturing, or truck, rail, or vessel transportation; or
terminal facilities, if the pipeline is (ii) Through facilities located on the
less than one mile long (measured out- grounds of a materials transportation
544
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin., DOT § 195.2
terminal if the facilities are used ex- Barrel means a unit of measurement
clusively to transfer hazardous liquid equal to 42 U.S. standard gallons.
or carbon dioxide between non-pipeline Breakout tank means a tank used to
modes of transportation or between a (a) relieve surges in a hazardous liquid
non-pipeline mode and a pipeline. pipeline system or (b) receive and store
These facilities do not include any de- hazardous liquid transported by a pipe-
vice and associated piping that are nec- line for reinjection and continued
essary to control pressure in the pipe- transportation by pipeline.
line under § 195.406(b); or Carbon dioxide means a fluid con-
(10) Transportation of carbon dioxide sisting of more than 90 percent carbon
downstream from the applicable fol- dioxide molecules compressed to a
lowing point: supercritical state.
(i) The inlet of a compressor used in Component means any part of a pipe-
the injection of carbon dioxide for oil line which may be subjected to pump
recovery operations, or the point where pressure including, but not limited to,
recycled carbon dioxide enters the in- pipe, valves, elbows, tees, flanges, and
jection system, whichever is farther closures.
upstream; or Computation Pipeline Monitoring
(ii) The connection of the first (CPM) means a software-based moni-
branch pipeline in the production field toring tool that alerts the pipeline dis-
where the pipeline transports carbon patcher of a possible pipeline operating
dioxide to an injection well or to a anomaly that may be indicative of a
header or manifold from which a pipe- commodity release.
line branches to an injection well.
Control room means an operations
(c) Breakout tanks. Breakout tanks
center staffed by personnel charged
subject to this Part must comply with
with the responsibility for remotely
requirements that apply specifically to
monitoring and controlling a pipeline
breakout tanks and, to the extent ap-
facility.
plicable, with requirements that apply
to pipeline systems and pipeline facili- Controller means a qualified indi-
ties. If a conflict exists between a re- vidual who remotely monitors and con-
quirement that applies specifically to trols the safety-related operations of a
breakout tanks and a requirement that pipeline facility via a SCADA system
applies to pipeline systems or pipeline from a control room, and who has oper-
facilities, the requirement that applies ational authority and accountability
specifically to breakout tanks prevails. for the remote operational functions of
Anhydrous ammonia breakout tanks the pipeline facility.
need not comply with §§ 195.132(b), Corrosive product means ‘‘corrosive
195.205(b), 195.242(c) and (d), 195.264(b) material’’ as defined by § 173.136 Class
and (e), 195.307, 195.428(c) and (d), and 8–Definitions of this chapter.
195.432(b) and (c). Exposed underwater pipeline means an
underwater pipeline where the top of
EDITORIAL NOTE: For FEDERAL REGISTER ci- the pipe protrudes above the under-
tations affecting § 195.1, see the List of CFR
Sections Affected, which appears in the
water natural bottom (as determined
Finding Aids section of the printed volume by recognized and generally accepted
and at www.fdsys.gov. practices) in waters less than 15 feet
(4.6 meters) deep, as measured from
§ 195.2 Definitions. mean low water.
As used in this part— Flammable product means ‘‘flammable
Abandoned means permanently re- liquid’’ as defined by § 173.120 Class 3–
moved from service. Definitions of this chapter.
Administrator means the Adminis- Gathering line means a pipeline 219.1
trator, Pipeline and Hazardous Mate- mm (85⁄8 in) or less nominal outside di-
rials Safety Administration or his or ameter that transports petroleum from
her delegate. a production facility.
Alarm means an audible or visible Gulf of Mexico and its inlets means the
means of indicating to the controller waters from the mean high water mark
that equipment or processes are out- of the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and
side operator-defined, safety- its inlets open to the sea (excluding
545
§ 195.2 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
rivers, tidal marshes, lakes, and ca- Nominal wall thickness means the wall
nals) seaward to include the territorial thickness listed in the pipe specifica-
sea and Outer Continental Shelf to a tions.
depth of 15 feet (4.6 meters), as meas- Offshore means beyond the line of or-
ured from the mean low water. dinary low water along that portion of
Hazard to navigation means, for the the coast of the United States that is
purposes of this part, a pipeline where in direct contact with the open seas
the top of the pipe is less than 12 and beyond the line marking the sea-
inches (305 millimeters) below the un- ward limit of inland waters.
derwater natural bottom (as deter- Operator means a person who owns or
mined by recognized and generally ac- operates pipeline facilities.
cepted practices) in waters less than 15 Outer Continental Shelf means all sub-
feet (4.6 meters) deep, as measured
merged lands lying seaward and out-
from the mean low water.
side the area of lands beneath navi-
Hazardous liquid means petroleum,
gable waters as defined in Section 2 of
petroleum products, or anhydrous am-
the Submerged Lands Act (43 U.S.C.
monia.
1301) and of which the subsoil and sea-
Highly volatile liquid or HVL means a
bed appertain to the United States and
hazardous liquid which will form a
are subject to its jurisdiction and con-
vapor cloud when released to the at-
trol.
mosphere and which has a vapor pres-
sure exceeding 276 kPa (40 psia) at 37.8 Person means any individual, firm,
°C (100 °F). joint venture, partnership, corporation,
In-plant piping system means piping association, State, municipality, coop-
that is located on the grounds of a erative association, or joint stock asso-
plant and used to transfer hazardous ciation, and includes any trustee, re-
liquid or carbon dioxide between plant ceiver, assignee, or personal represent-
facilities or between plant facilities ative thereof.
and a pipeline or other mode of trans- Petroleum means crude oil, conden-
portation, not including any device and sate, natural gasoline, natural gas liq-
associated piping that are necessary to uids, and liquefied petroleum gas.
control pressure in the pipeline under Petroleum product means flammable,
§ 195.406(b). toxic, or corrosive products obtained
Interstate pipeline means a pipeline or from distilling and processing of crude
that part of a pipeline that is used in oil, unfinished oils, natural gas liquids,
the transportation of hazardous liquids blend stocks and other miscellaneous
or carbon dioxide in interstate or for- hydrocarbon compounds.
eign commerce. Pipe or line pipe means a tube, usu-
Intrastate pipeline means a pipeline or ally cylindrical, through which a haz-
that part of a pipeline to which this ardous liquid or carbon dioxide flows
part applies that is not an interstate from one point to another.
pipeline. Pipeline or pipeline system means all
Line section means a continuous run parts of a pipeline facility through
of pipe between adjacent pressure pump which a hazardous liquid or carbon di-
stations, between a pressure pump sta- oxide moves in transportation, includ-
tion and terminal or breakout tanks,
ing, but not limited to, line pipe,
between a pressure pump station and a
valves, and other appurtenances con-
block valve, or between adjacent block
valves. nected to line pipe, pumping units, fab-
ricated assemblies associated with
Low-stress pipeline means a hazardous
liquid pipeline that is operated in its pumping units, metering and delivery
entirety at a stress level of 20 percent stations and fabricated assemblies
or less of the specified minimum yield therein, and breakout tanks.
strength of the line pipe. Pipeline facility means new and exist-
Maximum operating pressure (MOP) ing pipe, rights-of-way and any equip-
means the maximum pressure at which ment, facility, or building used in the
a pipeline or segment of a pipeline may transportation of hazardous liquids or
be normally operated under this part. carbon dioxide.
546
Production facility means piping or liquid pipeline release, as identified

equipment used in the production, ex- under § 195.6.
traction, recovery, lifting, stabiliza-
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47
tion, separation or treating of petro- FR 32721, July 29, 1982, as amended by Amdt.
leum or carbon dioxide, or associated 195–33, 50 FR 15898, Apr. 23, 1985; 50 FR 38660,
storage or measurement. (To be a pro- Sept. 24, 1985; Amdt. 195–36, 51 FR 15007, Apr.
duction facility under this definition, 22, 1986; Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR 26925, June 12,
piping or equipment must be used in 1991; Amdt. 195–47, 56 FR 63771, Dec. 5, 1991;
the process of extracting petroleum or Amdt. 195–50, 59 FR 17281, Apr. 12, 1994; Amdt.
carbon dioxide from the ground or from 195–52, 59 FR 33395, 33396, June 28, 1994; Amdt.
195–53, 59 FR 35471, July 12, 1994; Amdt. 195–
facilities where CO2 is produced, and
59, 62 FR 61695, Nov. 19, 1997; Amdt. 195–62, 63
preparing it for transportation by pipe- FR 36376, July 6, 1998; Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR
line. This includes piping between 37506, July 13, 1998; Amdt. 195–69, 65 FR 54444,
treatment plants which extract carbon Sept. 8, 2000; Amdt. 195–71, 65 FR 80544, Dec.
dioxide, and facilities utilized for the 21, 2000; 68 FR 11749, Mar. 12, 2003; Amdt. 195–
injection of carbon dioxide for recovery 81, 69 FR 32896, June 14, 2004; Amdt. 195–82, 69
operations.) FR 48406, Aug. 10, 2004; 70 FR 11140, Mar. 8,
Rural area means outside the limits 2005; Amdt. 195–93, 74 FR 63328, Dec. 3, 2009]
of any incorporated or unincorpated
§ 195.3 Incorporation by reference.
city, town, village, or any other des-
ignated residential or commercial area (a) Any document or portion thereof
such as a subdivision, a business or incorporated by reference in this part
shopping center, or community devel- is included in this part as though it
opment. were printed in full. When only a por-
Specified minimum yield strength tion of a document is referenced, then
means the minimum yield strength, ex- this part incorporates only that ref-
pressed in p.s.i. (kPa) gage, prescribed erenced portion of the document and
by the specification under which the the remainder is not incorporated. Ap-
material is purchased from the manu- plicable editions are listed in para-
facturer. graph (c) of this section in parentheses
Stress level means the level of tangen- following the title of the referenced
tial or hoop stress, usually expressed as material. Earlier editions listed in pre-
a percentage of specified minimum vious editions of this section may be
yield strength. used for components manufactured, de-
signed, or installed in accordance with
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisi-
those earlier editions at the time they
tion (SCADA) system means a computer-
were listed. The user must refer to the
based system or systems used by a con-
appropriate previous edition of 49 CFR
troller in a control room that collects
for a listing of the earlier editions.
and displays information about a pipe-
(b) All incorporated materials are
line facility and may have the ability
available for inspection in the Office of
to send commands back to the pipeline
Pipelline Safety, Pipeline and Haz-
facility.
ardous Materials Safety Administra-
Surge pressure means pressure pro-
tion, U.S. Department of Transpor-
duced by a change in velocity of the
tation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE.,
moving stream that results from shut-
Washington, DC, 20590–0001, 202–366–
ting down a pump station or pumping 4595, or at the National Archives and
unit, closure of a valve, or any other Records Administration (NARA). For
blockage of the moving stream. information on the availability of this
Toxic product means ‘‘poisonous ma- material at NARA, call 202–741–6030 or
terial’’ as defined by § 173.132 Class 6, go to: http://www.archives.gov/
Division 6.1–Definitions of this chapter. federallregister/
Unusually Sensitive Area (USA) means codeloflfederallregulations/
a drinking water or ecological resource ibrllocations.html. These materials

area that is unusually sensitive to en- have been approved for incorporation
vironmental damage from a hazardous by reference by the Director of the
Federal Register in accordance with 5
547
§ 195.3 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. In addi- try, Inc. (MSS), 127 Park Street, NE.,
tion, materials incorporated by ref- Vienna, VA 22180.
erence are available as follows: 5. American Society for Testing and
1. Pipeline Research Council Inter- Materials (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor
national, Inc. (PRCI), c/o Technical Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.
Toolboxes, 3801 Kirby Drive, Suite 520, 6. National Fire Protection Associa-
Houston, TX 77098. tion (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park,
2. American Petroleum Institute P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269–9101.
(API), 1220 L Street, NW., Washington, 7. NACE International, 1440 South
DC 20005. Creek Drive, Houston, TX 77084.
3. ASME International (ASME), (c) The full titles of publications in-
Three Park Avenue, New York, NY corporated by reference wholly or par-
10016–5990. tially in this part are as follows. Num-
4. Manufacturers Standardization So- bers in parentheses indicate applicable
ciety of the Valve and Fittings Indus- editions:
548
VerDate Mar<15>2010
Source and name of referenced material 49 CFR reference
A. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI):
14:56 Jan 03, 2012

(1) AGA Pipeline Research Committee, Project PR–3–805, ‘‘A Modified Criterion for Evaluating the Remaining §§ 195.452(h)(4)(i)(B); 195.452(h)(4)(iii)(D); 195.587.
Strength of Corroded Pipe,’’ (December 22, 1989). The RSTRENG program may be used for calculating remain-
ing strength.
B. American Petroleum Institute (API):
(1) ANSI/API Specification 5L/ISO 3183, ‘‘Specification for Line Pipe’’ (44th edition, October 2007, including errata §§ 195.106(b)(1)(i); 195.106(e).
Jkt 223216
(January 2009) and addendum (February 2009)).
(2) API Recommended Practice 5L1, ‘‘Recommended Practice for Railroad Transportation of Line Pipe’’ (6th edition, § 195.207(a).
July 2002).
(3) API Recommended Practice 5LW, ‘‘Transportation of Line Pipe on Barges and Marine Vessels’’ (2nd edition, De- § 195.207(b).
cember 1996, effective March 1, 1997).
PO 00000
(4) ANSI/API Specification 6D, ‘‘Specification for Pipeline Valves’’ (23rd edition, April 2008, effective October 1, § 195.116(d).
2008) and errata 3 (includes 1 & 2 (2009).
(5) API Specification 12F, ‘‘Specification for Shop Welded Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids’’ (11th edition, §§ 195.132(b)(1); 195.205(b)(2); 195.264(b)(1);
November 1, 1994, reaffirmed 2000, errata, February 2007). 195.264(e)(1); 195.307(a); 195.565; 195.579(d).
(6) API Standard 510, ‘‘Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In-Service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration’’ (9th §§ 195.205(b)(3); 195.432(c).
edition, June 2006).
Frm 00561
(7) API Standard 620, ‘‘Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage Tanks’’ (11th edition, §§ 195.132(b)(2); 195.205(b)(2); 195.264(b)(1);
February 2008, addendum 1 March 2009). 195.264(e)(3); 195.307(b).
(8) API Standard 650, ‘‘Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage’’ (11th edition, June 2007, addendum 1, November §§ 195.132(b)(3); 195.205(b)(1); 195.264(b)(1);195.264(e)(2);
2008). 195.307(c); 195.307(d); 195.565; 195.579(d).
(9) ANSI/API Recommended Practice 651, ‘‘Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tanks’’ (3rd §§ 195.565; 195.579(d).
Fmt 8010
edition, January 2007).
549
(10) ANSI/API Recommended Practice 652, ‘‘Linings of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tank Bottoms’’ (3rd edi- § 195.579(d).
tion, October 2005).
(11) API Standard 653, ‘‘Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction’’ (3rd edition, December 2001, in- §§ 195.205(b)(1); 195.432(b).
cludes addendum 1 (September 2003), addendum 2 (November 2005), addendum 3 (February 2008), and errata
Sfmt 8010
(April 2008)).
(12) API Standard 1104, ‘‘Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities’’ (20th edition, October 2005, errata/addendum §§ 195.222(a); 195.228(b); 195.214(a).
(July 2007), and errata 2 December 2008)).
(13) API Recommended Practice 1130, ‘‘Computational Pipeline Monitoring for Liquids: Pipeline Segment’’ (3rd edi- §§ 195.134; 195.444.
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin., DOT
tion, September 2007).

(14) API Recommended Practice 1162, ‘‘Public Awareness Programs for Pipeline Operators’’ (1st edition, December §§ 195.440(a); 195.440(b); 195.440(c).
2003).
(15) API Recommended Practice 1165, ‘‘Recommended Practice for Pipeline SCADA Displays,’’ (API RP 1165) First § 195.446(c)(1).
Edition (January 2007).
(16) API Standard 2000, ‘‘Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks Nonrefrigerated and Refrigerated’’ §§ 195.264(e)(2); 195.264(e)(3).
(5th edition, April 1998, errata, November 15, 1999).
Y:\SGML\223216.XXX
(17) API Recommended Practice 2003, ‘‘Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out of Static, Lightning, and Stray Cur- § 195.405(a).
rents’’ (7th edition, January 2008).
(18) API Publication 2026, ‘‘Safe Access/Egress Involving Floating Roofs of Storage Tanks in Petroleum Service’’ § 195.405(b).
(2nd edition, April 1998, reaffirmed June 2006).
223216
(19) API Recommended Practice 2350, ‘‘Overfill Protection for Storage Tanks In Petroleum Facilities’’’ (3rd edition, § 195.428(c).
January 2005).
(20) API 2510, ‘‘Design and Construction of LPG Installations’’ (8th edition, 2001) ....................................................... §§ 195.132(b)(3); 195.205(b)(3); 195.264(b)(2);
195.264(e)(4); 195.307(e); 195.428(c); 195.432(c).
(21) API Recommended Practice 1168 ‘‘Pipeline Control Room Management,’’ (API RP1168) First Edition (Sep- § 195.446(c)(5), (f)(1).
§ 195.3
tember 2008).
VerDate Mar<15>2010
Source and name of referenced material 49 CFR reference
C. ASME International (ASME):
14:56 Jan 03, 2012

(1) ASME/ANSI B16.9–2007, ‘‘Factory-Made Wrought Buttwelding Fittings’’ (December 7, 2007) ................................
(2) ASME/ANSI B31.4–2006, ‘‘Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids’’ (Octo-
§ 195.118(a).
§ 195.452(h)(4)(i).
§ 195.3
ber 20, 2006).
(3) ASME/ANSI B31G–1991 (Reaffirmed; 2004), ‘‘Manual for Determining the Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipe- §§ 195.452(h)(4)(i)(B); 195.452(h)(4)(iii)(D).
lines.’’.
Jkt 223216
(4) ASME/ANSI B31.8–2007, ‘‘Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems’’ (November 30, 2007) .................. § 195.5(a)(1)(i); 195.406(a)(1)(i).
(5) 2007 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1 ‘‘Rules for Construction of Pressure Ves- § 195.124; 195.307(e).
sels’’ (2007 edition, July 1, 2007).
(6) 2007 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 2 ‘‘Alternate Rules, Rules for Construction of § 195.307(e).
PO 00000
Pressure Vessels’’ (2007 edition, July 1, 2007).
(7) 2007 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX: ‘‘Qualification Standard for Welding and Brazing Proce- § 195.222(a).
dures, Welders, Brazers, and Welding and Brazing Operators,’’ (2007 edition, July 1, 2007).
D. Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc. (MSS):
(1) MSS SP–75–2004, ‘‘Specification for High Test Wrought Butt Welding Fittings.’’ ..................................................... § 195.118(a).
Frm 00562
(2) [Reserved] ...................................................................................................................................................................
E. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):
(1) ASTM A53/A53M–07, ‘‘Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated Welded and § 195.106(e).
Seamless’’ (September 1, 2007).
(2) ASTM A106/A106M–08, ‘‘Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service’’ § 195.106(e).
Fmt 8010
(July 15, 2008).
550
(3) ASTM A333/A 333M–05, ‘‘Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature § 195.106(e).
Service.’’.
(4) ASTM A381–96 (Reapproved 2005), ‘‘Standard Specification for Metal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for Use With High- § 195.106(e).
Sfmt 8010
Pressure Transmission Systems’’ (October 1, 2005).
(5) ASTM A671–06, ‘‘Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for Atmospheric and Lower Tem- § 195.106(e).
peratures’’ (May 1, 2006).
(6) ASTM A672–08, ‘‘Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Service at § 195.106(e).
Moderate Temperatures’’ (May 1, 2008).
(7) ASTM A691–98 (reapproved 2007), ‘‘Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe Electric-Fusion- § 195.106(e).
Welded for High-Pressure Service at High Temperatures.’’.
F. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA):
(1) NFPA 30, ‘‘Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code’’ (2008 edition, approved August 15, 2007) ........................ § 195.264(b)(1).
(2) [Reserved] ...................................................................................................................................................................
Y:\SGML\223216.XXX
G. NACE International (NACE):
(1) NACE SP0169–2007, Standard Practice, ‘‘Control of External Corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic §§ 195.571; 195.573(a)(2).
Piping Systems’’ (reaffirmed March 15, 2007).
223216
(2) NACE SP0502–2008, Standard Practice, ‘‘Pipeline External Corrosion Direct Assessment Methodology’’ (re- § 195.588.
affirmed March 20, 2008).
49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47 (3) All known unsafe defects and con-
FR 32721, July 29, 1982] ditions must be corrected in accord-
EDITORIAL NOTE: For FEDERAL REGISTER ci- ance with this part.
tations affecting § 195.3, see the List of CFR (4) The pipeline must be tested in ac-
Sections Affected, which appears in the cordance with subpart E of this part to
Finding Aids section of the printed volume substantiate the maximum operating
and at www.fdsys.gov. pressure permitted by § 195.406.
(b) A pipeline that qualifies for use
§ 195.4 Compatibility necessary for
transportation of hazardous liquids under this section need not comply
or carbon dioxide. with the corrosion control require-
ments of subpart H of this part until 12
No person may transport any haz- months after it is placed into service,
ardous liquid or carbon dioxide unless notwithstanding any previous dead-
the hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide lines for compliance.
is chemically compatible with both the (c) Each operator must keep for the
pipeline, including all components, and life of the pipeline a record of the in-
any other commodity that it may come vestigations, tests, repairs, replace-
into contact with while in the pipeline. ments, and alterations made under the
[Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR 26925, June 12, 1991] requirements of paragraph (a) of this
section.
§ 195.5 Conversion to service subject [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
to this part. amended by Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33396, June
(a) A steel pipeline previously used in 28, 1994; Amdt. 195–173, 66 FR 67004, Dec. 27,
service not subject to this part quali- 2001]
fies for use under this part if the oper-
ator prepares and follows a written § 195.6 Unusually Sensitive Areas
(USAs).
procedure to accomplish the following:
(1) The design, construction, oper- As used in this part, a USA means a
ation, and maintenance history of the drinking water or ecological resource
pipeline must be reviewed and, where area that is unusually sensitive to en-
sufficient historical records are not vironmental damage from a hazardous
available, appropriate tests must be liquid pipeline release.
performed to determine if the pipeline (a) An USA drinking water resource
is in satisfactory condition for safe op- is:
eration. If one or more of the variables (1) The water intake for a Commu-
necessary to verify the design pressure nity Water System (CWS) or a Non-
under § 195.106 or to perform the testing transient Non-community Water Sys-
under paragraph (a)(4) of this section is tem (NTNCWS) that obtains its water
unknown, the design pressure may be supply primarily from a surface water
verified and the maximum operating source and does not have an adequate
pressure determined by— alternative drinking water source;
(i) Testing the pipeline in accordance (2) The Source Water Protection Area
with ASME B31.8, Appendix N, to (SWPA) for a CWS or a NTNCWS that
produce a stress equal to the yield obtains its water supply from a Class I
strength; and or Class IIA aquifer and does not have
(ii) Applying, to not more than 80 an adequate alternative drinking water
percent of the first pressure that pro- source. Where a state has not yet iden-
duces a yielding, the design factor F in tified the SWPA, the Wellhead Protec-
§ 195.106(a) and the appropriate factors tion Area (WHPA) will be used until
in § 195.106(e). the state has identified the SWPA; or
(2) The pipeline right-of-way, all (3) The sole source aquifer recharge
aboveground segments of the pipeline, area where the sole source aquifer is a
and appropriately selected under- karst aquifer in nature.
ground segments must be visually in- (b) An USA ecological resource is:
spected for physical defects and oper- (1) An area containing a critically
ating conditions which reasonably imperiled species or ecological commu-
could be expected to impair the nity;
strength or tightness of the pipeline. (2) A multi-species assemblage area;
551
§ 195.6 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
(3) A migratory waterbird concentra- permeable and vulnerable. The only

tion area; natural protection of these aquifers is
(4) An area containing an imperiled the thickness of the unsaturated zone
species, threatened or endangered spe- and the presence of fine-grained mate-
cies, depleted marine mammal species, rial;
or an imperiled ecological community (2) Soluble and Fractured Bedrock
where the species or community is Aquifers (Class Ib). Lithologies in this
aquatic, aquatic dependent, or terres- class include limestone, dolomite, and,
trial with a limited range; or locally, evaporitic units that contain
(5) An area containing an imperiled documented karst features or solution
species, threatened or endangered spe- channels, regardless of size. Generally
cies, depleted marine mammal species, these aquifers have a wide range of per-
or imperiled ecological community meability. Also included in this class
where the species or community occur- are sedimentary strata, and meta-
rence is considered to be one of the morphic and igneous (intrusive and ex-
most viable, highest quality, or in the trusive) rocks that are significantly
best condition, as identified by an ele- faulted, fractured, or jointed. In all
ment occurrence ranking (EORANK) of cases groundwater movement is largely
A (excellent quality) or B (good qual- controlled by secondary openings. Well
ity). yields range widely, but the important
(c) As used in this part— feature is the potential for rapid
Adequate Alternative Drinking Water vertical and lateral ground water
Source means a source of water that movement along preferred pathways,
currently exists, can be used almost which result in a high degree of vulner-
immediately with a minimal amount of ability;
effort and cost, involves no decline in (3) Semiconsolidated Aquifers (Class
water quality, and will meet the con- Ic) that generally contain poorly to
sumptive, hygiene, and fire fighting re- moderately indurated sand and gravel
quirements of the existing population that is interbedded with clay and silt.
of impacted customers for at least one This group is intermediate to the un-
month for a surface water source of consolidated and consolidated end
water and at least six months for a members. These systems are common
groundwater source. in the Tertiary age rocks that are ex-
Aquatic or Aquatic Dependent Species posed throughout the Gulf and Atlantic
or Community means a species or com- coastal states. Semiconsolidated condi-
munity that primarily occurs in aquat- tions also arise from the presence of
ic, marine, or wetland habitats, as well intercalated clay and caliche within
as species that may use terrestrial primarily unconsolidated to poorly
habitats during all or some portion of consolidated units, such as occurs in
their life cycle, but that are still close- parts of the High Plains Aquifer; or
ly associated with or dependent upon (4) Covered Aquifers (Class Id) that
aquatic, marine, or wetland habitats are any Class I aquifer overlain by less
for some critical component or portion than 50 feet of low permeability, un-
of their life-history (i.e., reproduction, consolidated material, such as glacial
rearing and development, feeding, etc). till, lacustrian, and loess deposits.
Class I Aquifer means an aquifer that Class IIa aquifer means a Higher Yield
is surficial or shallow, permeable, and Bedrock Aquifer that is consolidated
is highly vulnerable to contamination. and is moderately vulnerable to con-
Class I aquifers include: tamination. These aquifers generally
(1) Unconsolidated Aquifers (Class Ia) consist of fairly permeable sandstone
that consist of surficial, unconsoli- or conglomerate that contain lesser
dated, and permeable alluvial, terrace, amounts of interbedded fine grained
outwash, beach, dune and other similar clastics (shale, siltstone, mudstone)
deposits. These aquifers generally con- and occasionally carbonate units. In
tain layers of sand and gravel that, general, well yields must exceed 50 gal-
commonly, are interbedded to some de- lons per minute to be included in this
gree with silt and clay. Not all Class Ia class. Local fracturing may contribute
aquifers are important water-bearing to the dominant primary porosity and
units, but they are likely to be both permeability of these systems.
552
Community Water System (CWS) means 6 to 20 occurrences, or few remaining

a public water system that serves at individuals (1,000 to 3,000) or acres
least 15 service connections used by (2,000 to 10,000). These species and eco-
year-round residents of the area or reg- logical communities are vulnerable to
ularly serves at least 25 year-round extinction due to some natural or man-
residents. made factor.
Critically imperiled species or ecological Karst aquifer means an aquifer that is
community (habitat) means an animal or composed of limestone or dolomite
plant species or an ecological commu- where the porosity is derived from con-
nity of extreme rarity, based on The nected solution cavities. Karst aquifers
Nature Conservancy’s Global Conserva- are often cavernous with high rates of
tion Status Rank. There are generally flow.
5 or fewer occurrences, or very few re- Migratory waterbird concentration area
maining individuals (less than 1,000) or means a designated Ramsar site or a
acres (less than 2,000). These species Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve
and ecological communities are ex- Network site.
tremely vulnerable to extinction due to Multi-species assemblage area means
some natural or man-made factor. an area where three or more different
Depleted marine mammal species means critically imperiled or imperiled spe-
a species that has been identified and is cies or ecological communities, threat-
protected under the Marine Mammal ened or endangered species, depleted
Protection Act of 1972, as amended marine mammals, or migratory
(MMPA) (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.). The waterbird concentrations co-occur.
term ‘‘depleted’’ refers to marine mam- Non-transient Non-community Water
mal species that are listed as threat- System (NTNCWS) means a public water
ened or endangered, or are below their system that regularly serves at least 25
optimum sustainable populations (16 of the same persons over six months
U.S.C. 1362). The term ‘‘marine mam- per year. Examples of these systems in-
mal’’ means ‘‘any mammal which is clude schools, factories, and hospitals
morphologically adapted to the marine that have their own water supplies.
environment (including sea otters and Public Water System (PWS) means a
members of the orders Sirenia, system that provides the public water
Pinnipedia, and Cetacea), or primarily for human consumption through pipes
inhabits the marine environment (such or other constructed conveyances, if
as the polar bear)’’ (16 U.S.C. 1362). The such system has at least 15 service con-
order Sirenia includes manatees, the nections or regularly serves an average
order Pinnipedia includes seals, sea of at least 25 individuals daily at least
lions, and walruses, and the order Ceta- 60 days out of the year. These systems
cea includes dolphins, porpoises, and include the sources of the water sup-
whales. plies—i.e., surface or ground. PWS can
Ecological community means an inter- be community, non-transient non-com-
acting assemblage of plants and ani- munity, or transient non-community
mals that recur under similar environ- systems.
mental conditions across the land- Ramsar site means a site that has
scape. been designated under The Convention
Element occurrence rank (EORANK) on Wetlands of International Impor-
means the condition or viability of a tance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat
species or ecological community occur- program. Ramsar sites are globally
rence, based on a population’s size, critical wetland areas that support mi-
condition, and landscape context. gratory waterfowl. These include wet-
EORANKs are assigned by the Natural land areas that regularly support 20,000
Heritage Programs. An EORANK of A waterfowl; wetland areas that regu-
means an excellent quality and an larly support substantial numbers of
EORANK of B means good quality. individuals from particular groups of
Imperiled species or ecological commu- waterfowl, indicative of wetland val-
nity (habitat) means a rare species or ues, productivity, or diversity; and

ecological community, based on The wetland areas that regularly support
Nature Conservancy’s Global Conserva- 1% of the individuals in a population of
tion Status Rank. There are generally one species or subspecies of waterfowl.
553
§ 195.8 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
Sole source aquifer (SSA) means an serves a transient population found at

area designated by the U.S. Environ- rest stops, campgrounds, restaurants,
mental Protection Agency under the and parks with their own source of
Sole Source Aquifer program as the water.
‘‘sole or principal’’ source of drinking Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA)
water for an area. Such designations means the surface and subsurface area
are made if the aquifer’s ground water surrounding a well or well field that
supplies 50% or more of the drinking supplies a public water system through
water for an area, and if that aquifer which contaminants are likely to pass
were to become contaminated, it would and eventually reach the water well or
pose a public health hazard. A sole well field.
source aquifer that is karst in nature is
Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve
one composed of limestone where the
Network (WHSRN) site means an area
porosity is derived from connected so-
that contains migratory shorebird con-
lution cavities. They are often cav-
ernous, with high rates of flow. centrations and has been designated as
Source Water Protection Area (SWPA) a hemispheric reserve, international
means the area delineated by the state reserve, regional reserve, or endan-
for a public water supply system (PWS) gered species reserve. Hemispheric re-
or including numerous PWSs, whether serves host at least 500,000 shorebirds
the source is ground water or surface annually or 30% of a species flyway
water or both, as part of the state population. International reserves host
source water assessment program 100,000 shorebirds annually or 15% of a
(SWAP) approved by EPA under sec- species flyway population. Regional re-
tion 1453 of the Safe Drinking Water serves host 20,000 shorebirds annually
Act. or 5% of a species flyway population.
Species means species, subspecies, Endangered species reserves are crit-
population stocks, or distinct ical to the survival of endangered spe-
vertebrate populations. cies and no minimum number of birds
Terrestrial ecological community with a is required.
limited range means a non-aquatic or
[Amdt. 195–71, 65 FR 80544, Dec. 21, 2000]
non-aquatic dependent ecological com-
munity that covers less than five (5) § 195.8 Transportation of hazardous
acres. liquid or carbon dioxide in pipe-
Terrestrial species with a limited range lines constructed with other than
means a non-aquatic or non-aquatic de- steel pipe.
pendent animal or plant species that
No person may transport any haz-
has a range of no more than five (5)
ardous liquid or carbon dioxide through
acres.
Threatened and endangered species a pipe that is constructed after October
(T&E) means an animal or plant spe- 1, 1970, for hazardous liquids or after
cies that has been listed and is pro- July 12, 1991 for carbon dioxide of ma-
tected under the Endangered Species terial other than steel unless the per-
Act of 1973, as amended (ESA73) (16 son has notified the Administrator in
U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). ‘‘Endangered spe- writing at least 90 days before the
cies’’ is defined as ‘‘any species which transportation is to begin. The notice
is in danger of extinction throughout must state whether carbon dioxide or a
all or a significant portion of its hazardous liquid is to be transported
range’’ (16 U.S.C. 1532). ‘‘Threatened and the chemical name, common name,
species’’ is defined as ‘‘any species properties and characteristics of the
which is likely to become an endan- hazardous liquid to be transported and
gered species within the foreseeable fu- the material used in construction of
ture throughout all or a significant the pipeline. If the Administrator de-
portion of its range’’ (16 U.S.C. 1532). termines that the transportation of the
Transient Non-community Water System hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide in
(TNCWS) means a public water system the manner proposed would be unduly
that does not regularly serve at least hazardous, he will, within 90 days after
25 of the same persons over six months receipt of the notice, order the person
per year. This type of water system that gave the notice, in writing, not to
554
transport the hazardous liquid or car- area that meets all of the following cri-
bon dioxide in the proposed manner teria—
until further notice. (1) Has a nominal diameter from 65⁄8
[Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR 26925, June 12, 1991, as inches (168 mm) to 85⁄8 inches (219.1
amended by Amdt. 195–50, 59 FR 17281, Apr. mm);
12, 1994] (2) Is located in or within one-quarter
mile (.40 km) of an unusually sensitive
§ 195.9 Outer continental shelf pipe- area as defined in § 195.6; and
lines. (3) Operates at a maximum pressure
Operators of transportation pipelines established under § 195.406 cor-
on the Outer Continental Shelf must responding to—
identify on all their respective pipe- (i) A stress level greater than 20-per-
lines the specific points at which oper- cent of the specified minimum yield
ating responsibility transfers to a pro- strength of the line pipe; or
ducing operator. For those instances in (ii) If the stress level is unknown or
which the transfer points are not iden- the pipeline is not constructed with
tifiable by a durable marking, each op- steel pipe, a pressure of more than 125
erator will have until September 15, psi (861 kPa) gage.
1998 to identify the transfer points. If it
(b) Safety requirements. Each operator
is not practicable to durably mark a
must prepare, follow, and maintain
transfer point and the transfer point is
written procedures to carry out the re-
located above water, the operator must
quirements of this section. Except for
depict the transfer point on a sche-
the requirements in paragraphs (b)(2),
matic maintained near the transfer
(b)(3), (b)(9) and (b)(10) of this section,
point. If a transfer point is located
the safety requirements apply to all
subsea, the operator must identify the
materials of construction.
transfer point on a schematic which
must be maintained at the nearest up- (1) Identify all segments of pipeline
stream facility and provided to PHMSA meeting the criteria in paragraph (a) of
upon request. For those cases in which this section before April 3, 2009.
adjoining operators have not agreed on (2) For steel pipelines constructed,
a transfer point by September 15, 1998 replaced, relocated, or otherwise
the Regional Director and the MMS changed after July 3, 2009, design, in-
Regional Supervisor will make a joint stall, construct, initially inspect, and
determination of the transfer point. initially test the pipeline in compli-
ance with this part, unless the pipeline
[Amdt. 195–59, 62 FR 61695, Nov. 19, 1997, as is converted under § 195.5.
amended at 70 11140, Mar. 8, 2005]
(3) For non-steel pipelines con-
§ 195.10 Responsibility of operator for structed after July 3, 2009, notify the
compliance with this part. Administrator according to § 195.8.
An operator may make arrangements (4) Beginning no later than January
with another person for the perform- 3, 2009, comply with the reporting re-
ance of any action required by this quirements in subpart B of this part.
part. However, the operator is not (5) Establish the maximum operating
thereby relieved from the responsi- pressure of the pipeline according to
bility for compliance with any require- § 195.406 before transportation begins,
ment of this part. or if the pipeline exists on July 3, 2008,
before July 3, 2009.
§ 195.11 What is a regulated rural (6) Install line markers according to
gathering line and what require- § 195.410 before transportation begins,
ments apply? or if the pipeline exists on July 3, 2008,
Each operator of a regulated rural before July 3, 2009. Continue to main-
gathering line, as defined in paragraph tain line markers in compliance with
(a) of this section, must comply with § 195.410.
the safety requirements described in (7) Establish a continuing public edu-
paragraph (b) of this section. cation program in compliance with

(a) Definition. As used in this section, § 195.440 before transportation begins,
a regulated rural gathering line means or if the pipeline exists on July 3, 2008,
an onshore gathering line in a rural before January 3, 2010. Continue to
555
§ 195.12 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
carry out such program in compliance (2) An operator must maintain the
with § 195.440. records necessary to demonstrate com-
(8) Establish a damage prevention pliance with each requirement in para-
program in compliance with § 195.442 graphs (b)(2) through (b)(9), and (b)(11)
before transportation begins, or if the of this section according to the record
pipeline exists on July 3, 2008, before retention requirements of the ref-
July 3, 2009. Continue to carry out such erenced section or subpart.
program in compliance with § 195.442. [73 FR 31644, June 3, 2008]
(9) For steel pipelines, comply with
subpart H of this part, except corrosion § 195.12 What requirements apply to
control is not required for pipelines ex- low-stress pipelines in rural areas?
isting on July 3, 2008 before July 3, (a) General. This Section sets forth
2011. the requirements for each category of
(10) For steel pipelines, establish and low-stress pipeline in a rural area set
follow a comprehensive and effective forth in paragraph (b) of this Section.
program to continuously identify oper- This Section does not apply to a rural
ating conditions that could contribute low-stress pipeline regulated under this
to internal corrosion. The program Part as a low-stress pipeline that
must include measures to prevent and crosses a waterway currently used for
mitigate internal corrosion, such as commercial navigation; these pipelines
cleaning the pipeline and using inhibi- are regulated pursuant to § 195.1(a)(2).
tors. This program must be established (b) Categories. An operator of a rural
before transportation begins or if the low-stress pipeline must meet the ap-
pipeline exists on July 3, 2008, before plicable requirements and compliance
July 3, 2009. deadlines for the category of pipeline
(11) To comply with the Operator set forth in paragraph (c) of this Sec-
Qualification program requirements in tion. For purposes of this Section, a
subpart G of this part, have a written rural low-stress pipeline is a Category
description of the processes used to 1, 2, or 3 pipeline based on the following
carry out the requirements in § 195.505 criteria:
to determine the qualification of per- (1) A Category 1 rural low-stress pipe-
sons performing operations and mainline:
tenance tasks. These processes must be (i) Has a nominal diameter of 85⁄8
established before transportation be- inches (219.1 mm) or more;
gins or if the pipeline exists on July 3, (ii) Is located in or within one-half
2008, before July 3, 2009. mile (.80 km) of an unusually sensitive
(c) New unusually sensitive areas. If, area (USA) as defined in § 195.6; and
after July 3, 2008, a new unusually sen- (iii) Operates at a maximum pressure
sitive area is identified and a segment established under § 195.406 cor-
of pipeline becomes regulated as a re- responding to:
sult, except for the requirements of (A) A stress level equal to or less
paragraphs (b)(9) and (b)(10) of this sec- than 20-percent of the specified min-
tion, the operator must implement the imum yield strength of the line pipe; or
requirements in paragraphs (b)(2) (B) If the stress level is unknown or
through (b)(11) of this section for the the pipeline is not constructed with
affected segment within 6 months of steel pipe, a pressure equal to or less
identification. For steel pipelines, com- than 125 psi (861 kPa) gauge.
ply with the deadlines in paragraph (2) A Category 2 rural pipeline:
(b)(9) and (b)(10). (i) Has a nominal diameter of less
(d) Record Retention. An operator than 85⁄8 inches (219.1mm);
must maintain records demonstrating (ii) Is located in or within one-half
compliance with each requirement ac- mile (.80 km) of an unusually sensitive
cording to the following schedule. area (USA) as defined in § 195.6; and
(1) An operator must maintain the (iii) Operates at a maximum pressure
segment identification records required established under § 195.406 cor-
in paragraph (b)(1) of this section and responding to:

the records required to comply with (A) A stress level equal to or less
(b)(10) of this section, for the life of the than 20-percent of the specified min-
pipe. imum yield strength of the line pipe; or
556
(B) If the stress level is unknown or (i) Identify all segments of pipeline
the pipeline is not constructed with meeting the criteria in paragraph (b)(2)
steel pipe, a pressure equal to or less of this Section before July 1, 2012.
than 125 psi (861 kPa) gage. (ii) Beginning no later than January
(3) A Category 3 rural low-stress pipe- 3, 2009, comply with the reporting re-
line: quirements of Subpart B for the identi-
(i) Has a nominal diameter of any fied segments.
size and is not located in or within one- (iii) IM—
half mile (.80 km) of an unusually sen- (A) Establish a written IM program
sitive area (USA) as defined in § 195.6; that complies with § 195.452 before Oc-
and tober 1, 2012 to assure the integrity of
(ii) Operates at a maximum pressure the pipeline segments. Continue to
established under § 195.406 cor- carry out such program in compliance
responding to a stress level equal to or with § 195.452.
less than 20-percent of the specified (B) An operator may conduct a deter-
minimum yield strength of the line mination per § 195.452(a) in lieu of the
pipe; or one-half mile buffer.
(iii) If the stress level is unknown or (C) Complete the baseline assessment
the pipeline is not constructed with of all segments in accordance with
steel pipe, a pressure equal to or less § 195.452(c) before October 1, 2016 and
than 125 psi (861 kPa) gage. complete at least 50-percent of the as-
(c) Applicable requirements and dead- sessments, beginning with the highest
lines for compliance. An operator must risk pipe, before April 1, 2014.
comply with the following compliance (iv) Comply with all other safety re-
dates depending on the category of quirements of this Part, except Sub-
pipeline determined by the criteria in part H, before October 1, 2012. Comply
paragraph (b): with Subpart H of this Part before Oc-
(1) An operator of a Category 1 pipe- tober 1, 2014.
line must: (3) An operator of a Category 3 pipe-
(i) Identify all segments of pipeline line must:
meeting the criteria in paragraph (b)(1) (i) Identify all segments of pipeline
of this Section before April 3, 2009. meeting the criteria in paragraph (b)(3)
(ii) Beginning no later than January of this Section before July 1, 2012.
3, 2009, comply with the reporting re- (ii) Beginning no later than January
quirements of Subpart B for the identi- 3, 2009, comply with the reporting re-
fied segments. quirements of Subpart B for the identi-
(iii) IM requirements— fied segments.
(A) Establish a written program that (A)(iii) Comply with all safety re-
complies with § 195.452 before July 3, quirements of this Part, except the re-
2009, to assure the integrity of the pipe- quirements in § 195.452, Subpart B, and
line segments. Continue to carry out the requirements in Subpart H, before
such program in compliance with October 1, 2012. Comply with Subpart H
§ 195.452. of this Part before October 1, 2014.
(B) An operator may conduct a deter- (d) Economic compliance burden.
mination per § 195.452(a) in lieu of the (1) An operator may notify PHMSA
one-half mile buffer. in accordance with § 195.452(m) of a sit-
(C) Complete the baseline assessment uation meeting the following criteria:
of all segments in accordance with (i) The pipeline is a Category 1 rural
§ 195.452(c) before July 3, 2015, and com- low-stress pipeline;
plete at least 50-percent of the assess- (ii) The pipeline carries crude oil
ments, beginning with the highest risk from a production facility;
pipe, before January 3, 2012. (iii) The pipeline, when in operation,
(iv) Comply with all other safety re- operates at a flow rate less than or
quirements of this Part, except Sub- equal to 14,000 barrels per day; and
part H, before July 3, 2009. Comply with (iv) The operator determines it would
the requirements of Subpart H before abandon or shut-down the pipeline as a

July 3, 2011. result of the economic burden to com-
(2) An operator of a Category 2 pipe- ply with the assessment requirements
line must: in § 195.452(d) or 195.452(j).
557
§ 195.48 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
(2) A notification submitted under ator determines that a release from the
this provision must include, at min- pipeline could not affect the USA.
imum, the following information about (f) Record Retention. An operator
the pipeline: its operating, mainte- must maintain records demonstrating
nance and leak history; the estimated compliance with each requirement ap-
cost to comply with the integrity as- plicable to the category of pipeline ac-
sessment requirements (with a brief de- cording to the following schedule.
scription of the basis for the estimate); (1) An operator must maintain the
the estimated amount of production segment identification records required
from affected wells per year, whether in paragraph (c)(1)(i), (c)(2)(i) or
wells will be shut in or alternate trans- (c)(3)(i) of this Section for the life of
portation used, and if alternate trans- the pipe.
portation will be used, the estimated (2) Except for the segment identifica-
cost to do so. tion records, an operator must main-
(3) When an operator notifies PHMSA tain the records necessary to dem-
in accordance with paragraph (d)(1) of onstrate compliance with each applica-
this Section, PHMSA will stay compli- ble requirement set forth in paragraph
ance with §§ 195.452(d) and 195.452(j)(3) (c) of this section according to the
until it has completed an analysis of record retention requirements of the
the notification. PHMSA will consult referenced section or subpart.
the Department of Energy, as appro- [76 FR 25587, May 5, 2011, as amended at 76
priate, to help analyze the potential FR 43605, July 21, 2011]
energy impact of loss of the pipeline.
Based on the analysis, PHMSA may Subpart B—Annual, Accident, and
grant the operator a special permit to Safety-Related Condition Re-
allow continued operation of the pipe-
line subject to alternative safety re-
porting
quirements. § 195.48 Scope.
(e) Changes in unusually sensitive
This Subpart prescribes requirements
areas.
for periodic reporting and for reporting
(1) If, after June 3, 2008, for Category
of accidents and safety-related condi-
1 rural low-stress pipelines or October
tions. This Subpart applies to all pipe-
1, 2011 for Category 2 rural low-stress
lines subject to this Part. An operator
pipelines, an operator identifies a new
of a Category 3 rural low-stress pipe-
USA that causes a segment of pipeline
line meeting the criteria in § 195.12 is
to meet the criteria in paragraph (b) of
not required to complete those parts of
this Section as a Category 1 or Cat-
the hazardous liquid annual report
egory 2 rural low-stress pipeline, the
form PHMSA F 7000–1.1 associated with
operator must:
IM or high consequence areas.
(i) Comply with the IM program re-
quirement in paragraph (c)(1)(iii)(A) or [76 FR 25588, May 5, 2011]
(c)(2)(iii)(A) of this Section, as appro-
priate, within 12 months following the § 195.49 Annual report.
date the area is identified regardless of Each operator must annually com-
the prior categorization of the pipeline; plete and submit DOT Form PHMSA F
and 7000–1.1 for each type of hazardous liq-
(ii) Complete the baseline assessment uid pipeline facility operated at the
required by paragraph (c)(1)(iii)(C) or end of the previous year. An operator
(c)(2)(iii)(C) of this Section, as appro- must submit the annual report by June
priate, according to the schedule in 15 each year, except that for the 2010
§ 195.452(d)(3). reporting year the report must be sub-
(2) If a change to the boundaries of a mitted by August 15, 2011. A separate
USA causes a Category 1 or Category 2 report is required for crude oil, HVL
pipeline segment to no longer be within (including anhydrous ammonia), petro-
one-half mile of a USA, an operator leum products, carbon dioxide pipe-
must continue to comply with para- lines, and fuel grade ethanol pipelines.
graph (c)(1)(iii) or paragraph (c)(2)(iii) For each state a pipeline traverses, an
of this section, as applicable, with re- operator must separately complete
spect to that segment unless the oper- those sections on the form requiring
558
information to be reported for each age to the property of the operator or

state. others, or both, exceeding $50,000;
(4) Resulted in pollution of any
[75 FR 72907, Nov. 26, 2010]
stream, river, lake, reservoir, or other
§ 195.50 Reporting accidents. similar body of water that violated ap-
plicable water quality standards,
An accident report is required for caused a discoloration of the surface of
each failure in a pipeline system sub- the water or adjoining shoreline, or de-
ject to this part in which there is a re- posited a sludge or emulsion beneath
lease of the hazardous liquid or carbon the surface of the water or upon adjoin-
dioxide transported resulting in any of ing shorelines; or
the following: (5) In the judgment of the operator
(a) Explosion or fire not inten- was significant even though it did not
tionally set by the operator. meet the criteria of any other para-
(b) Release of 5 gallons (19 liters) or graph of this section.
more of hazardous liquid or carbon di- (b) Information required. Each notice
oxide, except that no report is required required by paragraph (a) of this sec-
for a release of less than 5 barrels (0.8 tion must be made to the National Re-
cubic meters) resulting from a pipeline sponse Center either by telephone to
maintenance activity if the release is: 800–424–8802 (in Washington, DC, 202–
(1) Not otherwise reportable under 267–2675) or electronically at http://
this section; www.nrc.uscg.mil and must include the
(2) Not one described in § 195.52(a)(4); following information:
(3) Confined to company property or (1) Name, address and identification
pipeline right-of-way; and number of the operator.
(4) Cleaned up promptly; (2) Name and telephone number of
(c) Death of any person; the reporter.
(d) Personal injury necessitating hos- (3) The location of the failure.
pitalization; (4) The time of the failure.
(e) Estimated property damage, in- (5) The fatalities and personal inju-
cluding cost of clean-up and recovery, ries, if any.
value of lost product, and damage to (6) Initial estimate of amount of
the property of the operator or others, product released in accordance with
or both, exceeding $50,000. paragraph (c) of this section.
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as (7) All other significant facts known
amended by Amdt. 195–39, 53 FR 24950, July 1, by the operator that are relevant to
1988; Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR 26925, June 12, 1991; the cause of the failure or extent of the
Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33396, June 28, 1994; damages.
Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July 13, 1998; (c) Calculation. A pipeline operator
Amdt. 195–75, 67 FR 836, Jan. 8, 2002]
must have a written procedure to cal-
§ 195.52 Immediate notice of certain culate and provide a reasonable initial
accidents. estimate of the amount of released
product.
(a) Notice requirements. At the ear-
(d) New information. An operator
liest practicable moment following dis-
must provide an additional telephonic
covery of a release of the hazardous liq-
report to the NRC if significant new in-
uid or carbon dioxide transported re-
formation becomes available during
sulting in an event described in § 195.50,
the emergency response phase of a re-
the operator of the system must give
ported event at the earliest practicable
notice, in accordance with paragraph
moment after such additional informa-
(b) of this section, of any failure that:
tion becomes known.
(1) Caused a death or a personal in-
jury requiring hospitalization; [75 FR 72907, Nov. 26, 2010]
(2) Resulted in either a fire or explo-
sion not intentionally set by the oper- § 195.54 Accident reports.
ator; (a) Each operator that experiences an

(3) Caused estimated property dam- accident that is required to be reported
age, including cost of cleanup and re- under § 195.50 must, as soon as prac-
covery, value of lost product, and dam- ticable, but not later than 30 days after
559
§ 195.55 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
discovery of the accident, file an acci- pected to pollute any stream, river,
dent report on DOT Form 7000–1. lake, reservoir, or other body of water;
(b) Whenever an operator receives (2) Is an accident that is required to
any changes in the information re- be reported under § 195.50 or results in
ported or additions to the original re- such an accident before the deadline
port on DOT Form 7000–1, it shall file a for filing the safety-related condition
supplemental report within 30 days. report; or
[Amdt. 195–39, 53 FR 24950, July 1, 1988, as (3) Is corrected by repair or replace-
amended by Amdt. 195–95, 75 FR 72907, Nov. ment in accordance with applicable
26, 2010] safety standards before the deadline for
filing the safety-related condition re-
§ 195.55 Reporting safety-related con- port, except that reports are required
ditions. for all conditions under paragraph
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(1) of this section other than local-
(b) of this section, each operator shall ized corrosion pitting on an effectively
report in accordance with § 195.56 the coated and cathodically protected pipe-
existence of any of the following safe- line.
ty-related conditions involving pipe-
[Amdt. 195–39, 53 FR 24950, July 1, 1988; 53 FR
lines in service: 29800, Aug. 8, 1988, as amended by Amdt. 195–
(1) General corrosion that has re- 63, 63 FR 37506, July 13, 1998]
duced the wall thickness to less than
that required for the maximum oper- § 195.56 Filing safety-related condition
ating pressure, and localized corrosion reports.
pitting to a degree where leakage (a) Each report of a safety-related
might result. condition under § 195.55(a) must be filed
(2) Unintended movement or abnor-
(received by the Administrator) in
mal loading of a pipeline by environ-
writing within 5 working days (not in-
mental causes, such as an earthquake,
cluding Saturdays, Sundays, or Federal
landslide, or flood, that impairs its
holidays) after the day a representative
serviceability.
of the operator first determines that
(3) Any material defect or physical
the condition exists, but not later than
damage that impairs the serviceability
10 working days after the day a rep-
of a pipeline.
resentative of the operator discovers
(4) Any malfunction or operating
the condition. Separate conditions may
error that causes the pressure of a
be described in a single report if they
pipeline to rise above 110 percent of its
are closely related. To file a report by
maximum operating pressure.
facsimile (fax), dial (202) 366–7128.
(5) A leak in a pipeline that con-
stitutes an emergency. (b) The report must be headed ‘‘Safe-
(6) Any safety-related condition that ty-Related Condition Report’’ and pro-
could lead to an imminent hazard and vide the following information:
causes (either directly or indirectly by (1) Name and principal address of op-
remedial action of the operator), for erator.
purposes other than abandonment, a 20 (2) Date of report.
percent or more reduction in operating (3) Name, job title, and business tele-
pressure or shutdown of operation of a phone number of person submitting the
pipeline. report.
(b) A report is not required for any (4) Name, job title, and business tele-
safety-related condition that— phone number of person who deter-
(1) Exists on a pipeline that is more mined that the condition exists.
than 220 yards (200 meters) from any (5) Date condition was discovered and
building intended for human occupancy date condition was first determined to
or outdoor place of assembly, except exist.
that reports are required for conditions (6) Location of condition, with ref-
within the right-of-way of an active erence to the State (and town, city, or
railroad, paved road, street, or high- county) or offshore site, and as appro-
way, or that occur offshore or at on- priate nearest street address, offshore
shore locations where a loss of haz- platform, survey station number, mile-
ardous liquid could reasonably be ex- post, landmark, or name of pipeline.
560
(7) Description of the condition, in- 10, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Wash-
cluding circumstances leading to its ington, DC 20590.
discovery, any significant effects of the
[Amdt. 195–47, 56 FR 63771, Dec. 5, 1991, as
condition on safety, and the name of amended by Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July
the commodity transported or stored. 13, 1998; 70 FR 11140, Mar. 8, 2005; 73 FR 16570,
(8) The corrective action taken (in- Mar. 28, 2008; 74 FR 2894, Jan. 16, 2009]
cluding reduction of pressure or shut-
down) before the report is submitted § 195.58 Report submission require-
and the planned follow-up or future ments.
corrective action, including the antici- (a) General. Except as provided in
pated schedule for starting and con- paragraph (b) of this section, an oper-
cluding such action. ator must submit each report required
[Amdt. 195–39, 53 FR 24950, July 1, 1988; 53 FR by this part electronically to PHMSA
29800, Aug. 8, 1988, as amended by Amdt. 195– at http://opsweb.phmsa.dot.gov unless an
42, 54 FR 32344, Aug. 7, 1989; Amdt. 195–44, 54 alternative reporting method is au-
FR 40878, Oct. 4, 1989; Amdt. 195–50, 59 FR thorized in accordance with paragraph
17281, Apr. 12, 1994; Amdt. 195–61, 63 FR 7723, (d) of this section.
Feb. 17, 1998] (b) Exceptions. An operator is not re-
quired to submit a safety-related con-
§ 195.57 Filing offshore pipeline condi-
tion reports. dition report (§ 195.56) or an offshore
pipeline condition report (§ 195.67) elec-
(a) Each operator shall, within 60 tronically.
days after completion of the inspection (c) Safety-related conditions. An oper-
of all its underwater pipelines subject ator must submit concurrently to the
to § 195.413(a), report the following in- applicable State agency a safety-re-
formation: lated condition report required by
(1) Name and principal address of op- § 195.55 for an intrastate pipeline or
erator. when the State agency acts as an agent
(2) Date of report. of the Secretary with respect to inter-
(3) Name, job title, and business tele- state pipelines.
phone number of person submitting the (d) Alternate Reporting Method. If elec-
report. tronic reporting imposes an undue bur-
(4) Total number of miles (kilo- den and hardship, the operator may
meters) of pipeline inspected. submit a written request for an alter-
(5) Length and date of installation of native reporting method to the Infor-
each exposed pipeline segment, and lo- mation Resources Manager, Office of
cation; including, if available, the loca- Pipeline Safety, Pipeline and Haz-
tion according to the Minerals Manage- ardous Materials Safety Administra-
ment Service or state offshore area and tion, PHP–20, 1200 New Jersey Avenue,
block number tract. SE., Washington DC 20590. The request
(6) Length and date of installation of must describe the undue burden and
each pipeline segment, if different from hardship. PHMSA will review the re-
a pipeline segment identified under quest and may authorize, in writing, an
paragraph (a)(5) of this section, that is alternative reporting method. An au-
a hazard to navigation, and the loca- thorization will state the period for
tion; including, if available, the loca- which it is valid, which may be indefi-
tion according to the Minerals Manage- nite. An operator must contact
ment Service or state offshore area and PHMSA at 202–366–8075, or electroni-
block number tract. cally to
(b) The report shall be mailed to the ‘‘informationresourcesmanager@dot.gov’’
Office of Pipeline Safety, Pipeline and to make arrangements for submitting a
Hazardous Materials Safety Adminis- report that is due after a request for al-
ternative reporting is submitted but
tration, Department of Transportation,

Information Resources Manager, PHP– before an authorization or denial is re-
ceived.
[Amdt. 195–95, 75 FR 72907, Nov. 26, 2010
561
§ 195.59 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
§ 195.59 Abandonment or deactivation (b) [Reserved]

of facilities. [Amdt. 195–69, 65 FR 54444, Sept. 8, 2000, as
For each abandoned offshore pipeline amended at 70 FR 11140, Mar. 8, 2005; Amdt.
facility or each abandoned onshore 195–86, 72 FR 4657, Feb. 1, 2007; 73 FR 16570,
Mar. 28, 2008; 74 FR 2894, Jan. 16, 2009]
pipeline facility that crosses over,
under or through a commercially navi- § 195.60 Operator assistance in inves-
gable waterway, the last operator of tigation.
that facility must file a report upon
If the Department of Transportation
abandonment of that facility.
investigates an accident, the operator
(a) The preferred method to submit involved shall make available to the
data on pipeline facilities abandoned representative of the Department all
after October 10, 2000 is to the National records and information that in any
Pipeline Mapping System (NPMS) in way pertain to the accident, and shall
accordance with the NPMS ‘‘Standards afford all reasonable assistance in the
for Pipeline and Liquefied Natural Gas investigation of the accident.
Operator Submissions.’’ To obtain a
copy of the NPMS Standards, please § 195.63 OMB control number assigned
refer to the NPMS homepage at http:// to information collection.
www.npms.phmsa.dot.gov or contact the The control numbers assigned by the
NPMS National Repository at 703–317– Office of Management and Budget to
3073. A digital data format is preferred, the hazardous liquid pipeline informa-
but hard copy submissions are accept- tion collection pursuant to the Paper-
able if they comply with the NPMS work Reduction Act are 2137–0047, 2137–
Standards. In addition to the NPMS-re- 0601, 2137–0604, 2137–0605, 2137–0618, and
quired attributes, operators must sub- 2137–0622.
mit the date of abandonment, diame- [Amdt. 195–95, 75 FR 72907, Nov. 26, 2010]
ter, method of abandonment, and cer-
tification that, to the best of the oper- § 195.64 National Registry of Pipeline
ator’s knowledge, all of the reasonably and LNG Operators.
available information requested was (a) OPID Request. Effective January
provided and, to the best of the opera- 1, 2012, each operator of a hazardous
tor’s knowledge, the abandonment was liquid pipeline or pipeline facility must
completed in accordance with applica- obtain from PHMSA an Operator Iden-
ble laws. Refer to the NPMS Standards tification Number (OPID). An OPID is
for details in preparing your data for assigned to an operator for the pipeline
submission. The NPMS Standards also or pipeline system for which the oper-
include details of how to submit data. ator has primary responsibility. To ob-
Alternatively, operators may submit tain an OPID or a change to an OPID,
reports by mail, fax or e-mail to the Of- an operator must complete an OPID
fice of Pipeline Safety, Pipeline and Assignment Request DOT Form
Hazardous Materials Safety Adminis- PHMSA F 1000.1 through the National
tration, U.S. Department of Transpor- Registry of Pipeline and LNG Opera-
tation, Information Resources Man- tors in accordance with § 195.58.
ager, PHP–10, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, (b) OPID validation. An operator who
SE., Washington, DC 20590-0001; fax has already been assigned one or more
(202) 366–4566; e-mail, OPID by January 1, 2011 must validate
the information associated with each
‘‘InformationResourcesManager@phmsa.
such OPID through the National Reg-
dot.gov. The information in the report istry of Pipeline and LNG Operators at
must contain all reasonably available http://opsweb.phmsa.dot.gov, and correct
information related to the facility, in- that information as necessary, no later
cluding information in the possession than June 30, 2012.
of a third party. The report must con- (c) Changes. Each operator must no-
tain the location, size, date, method of tify PHMSA electronically through the
abandonment, and a certification that National Registry of Pipeline and LNG
the facility has been abandoned in ac- Operators at http://
cordance with all applicable laws. opsweb.phmsa.dot.gov, of certain events.
562
(1) An operator must notify PHMSA erence an edition of a document listed

of any of the following events not later in § 195.3, a metallic component other
than 60 days before the event occurs: than pipe manufactured in accordance
(i) Construction or any planned reha- with any other edition of that docu-
bilitation, replacement, modification, ment is qualified for use if—
upgrade, uprate, or update of a facility, (a) It can be shown through visual in-
other than a section of line pipe, that spection of the cleaned component that
costs $10 million or more. If 60 day no- no defect exists which might impair
tice is not feasible because of an emer- the strength or tightness of the compo-
gency, an operator must notify PHMSA nent: and
as soon as practicable; (b) The edition of the document
(ii) Construction of 10 or more miles under which the component was manu-
of a new hazardous liquid pipeline; or factured has equal or more stringent
(iii) Construction of a new pipeline requirements for the following as an
facility. edition of that document currently or
(2) An operator must notify PHMSA previously listed in § 195.3:
of any following event not later than 60 (1) Pressure testing;
days after the event occurs: (2) Materials; and
(i) A change in the primary entity re- (3) Pressure and temperature ratings.
sponsible (i.e., with an assigned OPID)
for managing or administering a safety [Amdt. 195–28, 48 FR 30639, July 5, 1983]
program required by this part covering
§ 195.102 Design temperature.
pipeline facilities operated under mul-
tiple OPIDs. (a) Material for components of the
(ii) A change in the name of the oper- system must be chosen for the tem-
ator; perature environment in which the
(iii) A change in the entity (e.g., com- components will be used so that the
pany, municipality) responsible for op- pipeline will maintain its structural
erating an existing pipeline, pipeline integrity.
segment, or pipeline facility; (b) Components of carbon dioxide
(iv) The acquisition or divestiture of pipelines that are subject to low tem-
50 or more miles of pipeline or pipeline peratures during normal operation be-
system subject to this part; or cause of rapid pressure reduction or
(v) The acquisition or divestiture of during the initial fill of the line must
an existing pipeline facility subject to be made of materials that are suitable
this part. for those low temperatures.
(d) Reporting. An operator must use
[Admt. 195–45, 56 FR 26925, June 12, 1991]
the OPID issued by PHMSA for all re-
porting requirements covered under § 195.104 Variations in pressure.
this subchapter and for submissions to
the National Pipeline Mapping System. If, within a pipeline system, two or
more components are to be connected
[Amdt. 195–95, 75 FR 72907, Nov. 26, 2010] at a place where one will operate at a
higher pressure than another, the sys-
Subpart C—Design Requirements tem must be designed so that any com-
ponent operating at the lower pressure
§ 195.100 Scope. will not be overstressed.
This subpart prescribes minimum de-
sign requirements for new pipeline sys- § 195.106 Internal design pressure.
tems constructed with steel pipe and (a) Internal design pressure for the
for relocating, replacing, or otherwise pipe in a pipeline is determined in ac-
changing existing systems constructed cordance with the following formula:
with steel pipe. However, it does not P=(2St/D)×E×F
apply to the movement of line pipe
covered by § 195.424. P=Internal design pressure in p.s.i. (kPa)
gage.
§ 195.101 Qualifying metallic compo- S=Yield strength in pounds per square inch
nents other than pipe. (kPa) determined in accordance with para-
graph (b) of this section.
Notwithstanding any requirement of t=Nominal wall thickness of the pipe in
the subpart which incorporates by ref- inches (millimeters). If this is unknown, it
563
§ 195.106 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
is determined in accordance with para- end. However, if the pipe is of uniform
graph (c) of this section. grade, size, and thickness, only 10 indi-
D=Nominal outside diameter of the pipe in vidual lengths or 5 percent of all
inches (millimeters).
E=Seam joint factor determined in accord-
lengths, whichever is greater, need be
ance with paragraph (e) of this section. measured. The thickness of the lengths
F=A design factor of 0.72, except that a de- that are not measured must be verified
sign factor of 0.60 is used for pipe, includ- by applying a gage set to the minimum
ing risers, on a platform located offshore thickness found by the measurement.
or on a platform in inland navigable The nominal wall thickness to be used
waters, and 0.54 is used for pipe that has is the next wall thickness found in
been subjected to cold expansion to meet commercial specifications that is
the specified minimum yield strength and
is subsequently heated, other than by
below the average of all the measure-
welding or stress relieving as a part of ments taken. However, the nominal
welding, to a temperature higher than 900 wall thickness may not be more than
°F (482 °C) for any period of time or over 1.14 times the smallest measurement
600 °F (316 °C) for more than 1 hour. taken on pipe that is less than 20
(b) The yield strength to be used in inches (508 mm) nominal outside di-
determining the internal design pres- ameter, nor more than 1.11 times the
sure under paragraph (a) of this section smallest measurement taken on pipe
is the specified minimum yield that is 20 inches (508 mm) or more in
strength. If the specified minimum nominal outside diameter.
yield strength is not known, the yield (d) The minimum wall thickness of
strength to be used in the design for- the pipe may not be less than 87.5 per-
mula is one of the following: cent of the value used for nominal wall
(1)(i) The yield strength determined thickness in determining the internal
by performing all of the tensile tests of design pressure under paragraph (a) of
API Specification 5L on randomly se- this section. In addition, the antici-
lected specimens with the following pated external loads and external pres-
number of tests: sures that are concurrent with internal
pressure must be considered in accord-
Pipe size No. of tests ance with §§ 195.108 and 195.110 and,
Less than 65⁄8 in (168 mm) nomi- One test for each 200
after determining the internal design
nal outside diameter. lengths. pressure, the nominal wall thickness
65⁄8 in through 123⁄4 in (168 mm One test for each 100 must be increased as necessary to com-
through 324 mm) nominal out- lengths. pensate for these concurrent loads and
side diameter.
Larger than 123⁄4 in (324 mm) One test for each 50 pressures.
nominal outside diameter. lengths. (e) The seam joint factor used in
paragraph (a) of this section is deter-
(ii) If the average yield-tensile ratio mined in accordance with the following
exceeds 0.85, the yield strength shall be table:
taken as 24,000 p.s.i. (165,474 kPa). If the
average yield-tensile ratio is 0.85 or Seam
Specification Pipe class joint
less, the yield strength of the pipe is factor
taken as the lower of the following:
ASTM A53 .... Seamless .......................................... 1.00
(A) Eighty percent of the average Electric resistance welded ................ 1.00
yield strength determined by the ten- Furnace lap welded .......................... 0.80
sile tests. Furnace butt welded ......................... 0.60
(B) The lowest yield strength deter- ASTM A106 .. Seamless .......................................... 1.00
mined by the tensile tests. ASTM A 333/ Seamless .......................................... 1.00
A 333M.
(2) If the pipe is not tensile tested as Welded .............................................. 1.00
provided in paragraph (b) of this sec- ASTM A381 .. Double submerged arc welded ......... 1.00
tion, the yield strength shall be taken ASTM A671 .. Electric-fusion-welded ....................... 1.00
as 24,000 p.s.i. (165,474 kPa). ASTM A672 .. Electric-fusion-welded ....................... 1.00
ASTM A691 .. Electric-fusion-welded ....................... 1.00
(c) If the nominal wall thickness to API 5L ........... Seamless .......................................... 1.00
be used in determining internal design Electric resistance welded ................ 1.00
pressure under paragraph (a) of this Electric flash welded ......................... 1.00
section is not known, it is determined Submerged arc welded ..................... 1.00
by measuring the thickness of each Furnace lap welded .......................... 0.80
Furnace butt welded ......................... 0.60
piece of pipe at quarter points on one
564
The seam joint factor for pipe which is (c) Each length of pipe with a nomi-
not covered by this paragraph must be nal outside diameter of 4 1⁄2 in (114.3
approved by the Administrator. mm) or more must be marked on the
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47
pipe or pipe coating with the specifica-
FR 32721, July 29, 1982, as amended by Amdt. tion to which it was made, the speci-
195–30, 49 FR 7569, Mar. 1, 1984; Amdt 195–37, fied minimum yield strength or grade,
51 FR 15335, Apr. 23, 1986; Amdt 195–40, 54 FR and the pipe size. The marking must be
5628, Feb. 6, 1989; 58 FR 14524, Mar. 18, 1993; applied in a manner that does not dam-
Amdt. 195–50, 59 FR 17281, Apr. 12, 1994; Amdt. age the pipe or pipe coating and must
195–52, 59 FR 33396, 33397, June 28, 1994; Amdt. remain visible until the pipe is in-
195–63, 63 FR 37506, July 13, 1998] stalled.
§ 195.108 External pressure. [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
amended by Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33396, June
Any external pressure that will be 28, 1994; Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July 13,
exerted on the pipe must be provided 1998]
for in designing a pipeline system.
§ 195.114 Used pipe.
§ 195.110 External loads.
Any used pipe installed in a pipeline
(a) Anticipated external loads (e.g.), system must comply with § 195.112 (a)
earthquakes, vibration, thermal expan- and (b) and the following:
sion, and contraction must be provided (a) The pipe must be of a known spec-
for in designing a pipeline system. In ification and the seam joint factor
providing for expansion and flexibility, must be determined in accordance with
section 419 of ASME/ANSI B31.4 must § 195.106(e). If the specified minimum
be followed. yield strength or the wall thickness is
(b) The pipe and other components not known, it is determined in accord-
must be supported in such a way that ance with § 195.106 (b) or (c) as appro-
the support does not cause excess local- priate.
ized stresses. In designing attachments (b) There may not be any:
to pipe, the added stress to the wall of (1) Buckles;
the pipe must be computed and com- (2) Cracks, grooves, gouges, dents, or
pensated for. other surface defects that exceed the
maximum depth of such a defect per-
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
amended at 58 FR 14524, Mar. 18, 1993] mitted by the specification to which
the pipe was manufactured; or
§ 195.111 Fracture propagation. (3) Corroded areas where the remain-
ing wall thickness is less than the min-
A carbon dioxide pipeline system imum thickness required by the toler-
must be designed to mitigate the ef- ances in the specification to which the
fects of fracture propagation. pipe was manufactured.
[Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR 26926, June 12, 1991] However, pipe that does not meet the
requirements of paragraph (b)(3) of this
§ 195.112 New pipe. section may be used if the operating
Any new pipe installed in a pipeline pressure is reduced to be commensu-
system must comply with the fol- rate with the remaining wall thick-
lowing: ness.
(a) The pipe must be made of steel of [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47
the carbon, low alloy-high strength, or FR 32721, July 29, 1982]
alloy type that is able to withstand the
internal pressures and external loads § 195.116 Valves.
and pressures anticipated for the pipe- Each valve installed in a pipeline
line system. system must comply with the fol-
(b) The pipe must be made in accord- lowing:
ance with a written pipe specification (a) The valve must be of a sound en-
that sets forth the chemical require- gineering design.

ments for the pipe steel and mechan- (b) Materials subject to the internal
ical tests for the pipe to provide pipe pressure of the pipeline system, includ-
suitable for the use intended. ing welded and flanged ends, must be
565
§ 195.118 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
compatible with the pipe or fittings to § 195.120 Passage of internal inspec-

which the valve is attached. tion devices.
(c) Each part of the valve that will be (a) Except as provided in paragraphs
in contact with the carbon dioxide or (b) and (c) of this section, each new
hazardous liquid stream must be made pipeline and each line section of a pipe-
of materials that are compatible with line where the line pipe, valve, fitting
carbon dioxide or each hazardous liquid or other line component is replaced;
that it is anticipated will flow through must be designed and constructed to
the pipeline system. accommodate the passage of instru-
(d) Each valve must be both mented internal inspection devices.
hydrostatically shell tested and (b) This section does not apply to:
hydrostatically seat tested without (1) Manifolds;
leakage to at least the requirements (2) Station piping such as at pump
set forth in Section 11 of API Standard stations, meter stations, or pressure
6D (incorporated by reference, see reducing stations;
§ 195.3). (3) Piping associated with tank farms
(e) Each valve other than a check and other storage facilities;
valve must be equipped with a means (4) Cross-overs;
for clearly indicating the position of (5) Sizes of pipe for which an instru-
the valve (open, closed, etc.). mented internal inspection device is
(f) Each valve must be marked on the not commercially available;
body or the nameplate, with at least (6) Offshore pipelines, other than
the following: main lines 10 inches (254 millimeters)
(1) Manufacturer’s name or trade- or greater in nominal diameter, that
mark. transport liquids to onshore facilities;
(2) Class designation or the maximum and
working pressure to which the valve (7) Other piping that the Adminis-
may be subjected. trator under § 190.9 of this chapter,
(3) Body material designation (the finds in a particular case would be im-
end connection material, if more than practicable to design and construct to
one type is used). accommodate the passage of instru-
(4) Nominal valve size. mented internal inspection devices.
(c) An operator encountering emer-
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981 as gencies, construction time constraints
amended by Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR 26926, June and other unforeseen construction
12, 1991; Amdt. 195–86, 71 FR 33410, June 9, problems need not construct a new or
2006; Amdt. 195–94, 75 FR 48606, Aug. 11, 2010]
replacement segment of a pipeline to
§ 195.118 Fittings. meet paragraph (a) of this section, if
the operator determines and docu-
(a) Butt-welding type fittings must ments why an impracticability pro-
meet the marking, end preparation, hibits compliance with paragraph (a) of
and the bursting strength requirements this section. Within 30 days after dis-
of ASME/ANSI B16.9 or MSS Standard covering the emergency or construc-
Practice SP–75. tion problem the operator must peti-
(b) There may not be any buckles, tion, under § 190.9 of this chapter, for
dents, cracks, gouges, or other defects approval that design and construction
in the fitting that might reduce the to accommodate passage of instru-
strength of the fitting. mented internal inspection devices
(c) The fitting must be suitable for would be impracticable. If the petition
the intended service and be at least as is denied, within 1 year after the date
strong as the pipe and other fittings in of the notice of the denial, the operator
the pipeline system to which it is at- must modify that segment to allow
tached. passage of instrumented internal in-
spection devices.
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47
FR 32721, July 29, 1982, as amended at 58 FR [Amdt. 195–50, 59 FR 17281, Apr. 12, 1994, as
14524, Mar. 18, 1993] amended by Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July
13, 1998]
566
§ 195.122 Fabricated branch connec- (2) Welded, low-pressure (i.e., inter-

tions. nal vapor space pressure not greater
Each pipeline system must be de- than 15 psig (103.4 kPa)), carbon steel
signed so that the addition of any fab- tanks that have wall shapes that can
ricated branch connections will not re- be generated by a single vertical axis of
duce the strength of the pipeline sys- revolution must be designed and con-
tem. structed in accordance with API Stand-
ard 620.
§ 195.124 Closures. (3) Vertical, cylindrical, welded steel
Each closure to be installed in a pipe- tanks with internal pressures at the
line system must comply with the tank top approximating atmospheric
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, pressures (i.e., internal vapor space
section VIII, Pressure Vessels, Division pressures not greater than 2.5 psig (17.2
1, and must have pressure and tempera- kPa), or not greater than the pressure
ture ratings at least equal to those of developed by the weight of the tank
the pipe to which the closure is at- roof) must be designed and constructed
tached. in accordance with API Standard 650.
(4) High pressure steel tanks (i.e., in-
§ 195.126 Flange connection.
ternal gas or vapor space pressures
Each component of a flange connec- greater than 15 psig (103.4 kPa)) with a
tion must be compatible with each nominal capacity of 2000 gallons (7571
other component and the connection as liters) or more of liquefied petroleum
a unit must be suitable for the service gas (LPG) must be designed and con-
in which it is to be used. structed in accordance with API Stand-
§ 195.128 Station piping. ard 2510.
Any pipe to be installed in a station [Amdt. 195–66, 64 FR 15935, Apr. 2, 1999]
that is subject to system pressure must
meet the applicable requirements of § 195.134 CPM leak detection.
this subpart. This section applies to each haz-
ardous liquid pipeline transporting liq-
§ 195.130 Fabricated assemblies.
uid in single phase (without gas in the
Each fabricated assembly to be in- liquid). On such systems, each new
stalled in a pipeline system must meet computational pipeline monitoring
the applicable requirements of this (CPM) leak detection system and each
subpart. replaced component of an existing CPM
system must comply with section 4.2 of
§ 195.132 Design and construction of
aboveground breakout tanks. API 1130 in its design and with any
other design criteria addressed in API
(a) Each aboveground breakout tank 1130 for components of the CPM leak
must be designed and constructed to
detection system.
withstand the internal pressure pro-
duced by the hazardous liquid to be [Amdt. 195–62, 63 FR 36376, July 6, 1998]
stored therein and any anticipated ex-
ternal loads. Subpart D—Construction
(b) For aboveground breakout tanks
first placed in service after October 2, § 195.200 Scope.
2000, compliance with paragraph (a) of
this section requires one of the fol- This subpart prescribes minimum re-
lowing: quirements for constructing new pipe-
(1) Shop-fabricated, vertical, cylin- line systems with steel pipe, and for re-
drical, closed top, welded steel tanks locating, replacing, or otherwise
with nominal capacities of 90 to 750 changing existing pipeline systems
barrels (14.3 to 119.2 m 3) and with inter- that are constructed with steel pipe.
nal vapor space pressures that are ap- However, this subpart does not apply
proximately atmospheric must be de- to the movement of pipe covered by
signed and constructed in accordance § 195.424.
with API Specification 12F.
567
§ 195.202 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
§ 195.202 Compliance with specifica- § 195.206 Material inspection.

tions or standards.
No pipe or other component may be
Each pipeline system must be con- installed in a pipeline system unless it
structed in accordance with com- has been visually inspected at the site
prehensive written specifications or of installation to ensure that it is not
standards that are consistent with the damaged in a manner that could impair
requirements of this part. its strength or reduce its service-
ability.
§ 195.204 Inspection—general.
Inspection must be provided to en- § 195.207 Transportation of pipe.
sure the installation of pipe or pipeline (a) Railroad. In a pipeline operated at
systems in accordance with the re- a hoop stress of 20 percent or more of
quirements of this subpart. No person SMYS, an operator may not use pipe
may be used to perform inspections un- having an outer diameter to wall
less that person has been trained and is thickness ratio of 70 to 1, or more, that
qualified in the phase of construction is transported by railroad unless the
to be inspected. transportation is performed in accord-
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as ance with API Recommended Practice
amended by Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33397, June 5L1 (incorporated by reference, see
28, 1994] § 195.3).
(b) Ship or barge. In a pipeline oper-
§ 195.205 Repair, alteration and recon- ated at a hoop stress of 20 percent or
struction of aboveground breakout more of SMYS, an operator may not
tanks that have been in service. use pipe having an outer diameter to
(a) Aboveground breakout tanks that wall thickness ratio of 70 to 1, or more,
have been repaired, altered, or recon- that is transported by ship or barge on
structed and returned to service must both inland and marine waterways, un-
be capable of withstanding the internal less the transportation is performed in
pressure produced by the hazardous liq- accordance with API Recommended
uid to be stored therein and any antici- Practice 5LW (incorporated by ref-
pated external loads. erence, see § 195.3).
(b) After October 2, 2000, compliance [ Amdt. 195–94, 75 FR 48606, Aug. 11, 2010]
with paragraph (a) of this section re-
quires the following for the tanks spec- § 195.208 Welding of supports and
ified: braces.
(1) For tanks designed for approxi- Supports or braces may not be weld-
mately atmospheric pressure con- ed directly to pipe that will be oper-
structed of carbon and low alloy steel, ated at a pressure of more than 100
welded or riveted, and non-refrigerated p.s.i. (689 kPa) gage.
and tanks built to API Standard 650 or
its predecessor Standard 12C, repair, al- [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
teration, and reconstruction must be in amended by Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July
accordance with API Standard 653. 13, 1998]
(2) For tanks built to API Specifica- § 195.210 Pipeline location.
tion 12F or API Standard 620, the re-
pair, alteration, and reconstruction (a) Pipeline right-of-way must be se-
must be in accordance with the design, lected to avoid, as far as practicable,
welding, examination, and material re- areas containing private dwellings, in-
quirements of those respective stand- dustrial buildings, and places of public
ards. assembly.
(3) For high pressure tanks built to (b) No pipeline may be located within
API Standard 2510, repairs, alterations, 50 feet (15 meters) of any private dwell-
and reconstruction must be in according, or any industrial building or place

ance with API 510. of public assembly in which persons
work, congregate, or assemble, unless
[Amdt. 195–66, 64 FR 15935, Apr. 2, 1999] it is provided with at least 12 inches
568
(305 millimeters) of cover in addition to § 195.216 Welding: Miter joints.

that prescribed in § 195.248.
A miter joint is not permitted (not
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 39360, July 27, 1981, as including deflections up to 3 degrees
amended by Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July that are caused by misalignment).
13, 1998]
§ 195.222 Welders: Qualification of
§ 195.212 Bending of pipe. welders.
(a) Pipe must not have a wrinkle (a) Each welder must be qualified in
bend. accordance with section 6 of API 1104
(b) Each field bend must comply with (incorporated by reference, see § 195.3)
the following: or section IX of the ASME Boiler and
(1) A bend must not impair the serv- Pressure Vessel Code, (incorporated by
iceability of the pipe. reference, see § 195.3) except that a
(2) Each bend must have a smooth welder qualified under an earlier edi-
contour and be free from buckling, tion than listed in § 195.3 may weld but
cracks, or any other mechanical dam- may not re-qualify under that earlier
age. edition.
(b) No welder may weld with a weld-
(3) On pipe containing a longitudinal
ing process unless, within the pre-
weld, the longitudinal weld must be as
ceding 6 calendar months, the welder
near as practicable to the neutral axis
has—
of the bend unless—
(1) Engaged in welding with that
(i) The bend is made with an internal
process; and
bending mandrel; or
(2) Had one welded tested and found
(ii) The pipe is 123⁄4 in (324 mm) or acceptable under section 9 of API 1104
less nominal outside diameter or has a (incorporated by reference, see § 195.3).
diameter to wall thickness ratio less
than 70. [Amdt. 195–81, 69 FR 54593, Sept. 9, 2004, as
(c) Each circumferential weld which amended by Amdt. 195–86, 71 FR 33409, June
9, 2006]
is located where the stress during bend-
ing causes a permanent deformation in § 195.224 Welding: Weather.
the pipe must be nondestructively test-
ed either before or after the bending Welding must be protected from
process. weather conditions that would impair
the quality of the completed weld.
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
amended by Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33396, June § 195.226 Welding: Arc burns.
28, 1994; Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July 13,
1998] (a) Each arc burn must be repaired.
(b) An arc burn may be repaired by
§ 195.214 Welding procedures. completely removing the notch by
grinding, if the grinding does not re-
(a) Welding must be performed by a duce the remaining wall thickness to
qualified welder in accordance with less than the minimum thickness re-
welding procedures qualified under quired by the tolerances in the speci-
Section 5 of API 1104 or Section IX of fication to which the pipe is manufac-
the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel tured. If a notch is not repairable by
Code (incorporated by reference, see grinding, a cylinder of the pipe con-
§ 195.3) . The quality of the test welds taining the entire notch must be re-
used to qualify the welding procedure moved.
shall be determined by destructive (c) A ground may not be welded to
testing. the pipe or fitting that is being welded.
(b) Each welding procedure must be
recorded in detail, including the results § 195.228 Welds and welding inspec-
of the qualifying tests. This record tion: Standards of acceptability.
must be retained and followed when- (a) Each weld and welding must be
ever the procedure is used. inspected to insure compliance with

[Amdt. 195–38, 51 FR 20297, June 4, 1986, as the requirements of this subpart. Vis-
amended at Amdt. 195–81, 69 FR 32897, June ual inspection must be supplemented
14, 2004] by nondestructive testing.
569
§ 195.230 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
(b) The acceptability of a weld is de- and in the use of the equipment em-
termined according to the standards in ployed in the testing.
Section 9 of API 1104. However, if a (c) Procedures for the proper inter-
girth weld is unacceptable under those pretation of each weld inspection must
standards for a reason other than a be established to ensure the accept-
crack, and if Appendix A to API 1104 ability of the weld under § 195.228.
(incorporated by reference, see § 195.3) (d) During construction, at least 10
applies to the weld, the acceptability percent of the girth welds made by
of the weld may be determined under each welder during each welding day
that appendix. must be nondestructively tested over
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as the entire circumference of the weld.
amended by Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33397, June (e) All girth welds installed each day
28, 1994; Amdt. 195–81, 69 FR 32898, June 14, in the following locations must be non-
2004] destructively tested over their entire
circumference, except that when non-
§ 195.230 Welds: Repair or removal of destructive testing is impracticable for
defects. a girth weld, it need not be tested if
(a) Each weld that is unacceptable the number of girth welds for which
under § 195.228 must be removed or re- testing is impracticable does not ex-
paired. Except for welds on an offshore ceed 10 percent of the girth welds in-
pipeline being installed from a pipelay stalled that day:
vessel, a weld must be removed if it has (1) At any onshore location where a
a crack that is more than 8 percent of loss of hazardous liquid could reason-
the weld length. ably be expected to pollute any stream,
(b) Each weld that is repaired must river, lake, reservoir, or other body of
have the defect removed down to sound water, and any offshore area;
metal and the segment to be repaired (2) Within railroad or public road
must be preheated if conditions exist rights-of-way;
which would adversely affect the qual- (3) At overhead road crossings and
ity of the weld repair. After repair, the within tunnels;
segment of the weld that was repaired (4) Within the limits of any incor-
must be inspected to ensure its accept- porated subdivision of a State govern-
ability. ment; and
(c) Repair of a crack, or of any defect (5) Within populated areas, including,
in a previously repaired area must be but not limited to, residential subdivi-
in accordance with written weld repair sions, shopping centers, schools, des-
procedures that have been qualified ignated commercial areas, industrial
under § 195.214. Repair procedures must facilities, public institutions, and
provide that the minimum mechanical places of public assembly.
properties specified for the welding (f) When installing used pipe, 100 per-
procedure used to make the original cent of the old girth welds must be
weld are met upon completion of the nondestructively tested.
final weld repair.
(g) At pipeline tie-ins, including tie-
[Amdt. 195–29, 48 FR 48674, Oct. 20, 1983] ins of replacement sections, 100 percent
of the girth welds must be nondestruc-
§ 195.234 Welds: Nondestructive test- tively tested.
ing.
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
(a) A weld may be nondestructively amended by Amdt. 195–35, 50 FR 37192, Sept.
tested by any process that will clearly 21, 1985; Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33397, June 28,
indicate any defects that may affect 1994]
the integrity of the weld.
(b) Any nondestructive testing of §§ 195.236–195.244 [Reserved]
welds must be performed—
(1) In accordance with a written set § 195.246 Installation of pipe in a
of procedures for nondestructive test- ditch.

ing; and (a) All pipe installed in a ditch must
(2) With personnel that have been be installed in a manner that mini-
trained in the established procedures mizes the introduction of secondary
570
stresses and the possibility of damage § 195.248 Cover over buried pipeline.
to the pipe.
(b) Except for pipe in the Gulf of (a) Unless specifically exempted in
Mexico and its inlets in waters less this subpart, all pipe must be buried so
than 15 feet deep, all offshore pipe in that it is below the level of cultivation.
water at least 12 feet deep (3.7 meters) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of
but not more than 200 feet deep (61 me- this section, the pipe must be installed
ters) deep as measured from the mean so that the cover between the top of
low water must be installed so that the the pipe and the ground level, road bed,
top of the pipe is below the underwater river bottom, or underwater natural
natural bottom (as determined by rec- bottom (as determined by recognized
ognized and generally accepted prac- and generally accepted practices), as
tices) unless the pipe is supported by applicable, complies with the following
stanchions held in place by anchors or table:
heavy concrete coating or protected by
an equivalent means.
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
28, 1994; 59 FR 36256, July 15, 1994; Amdt. 195–
85, 69 FR 48407, Aug. 10, 2004]
Cover inches (millimeters)

Location For normal For rock
excavation excavation 1
Industrial, commercial, and residential areas ............................................................................... 36 (914) 30 (762)

Crossing of inland bodies of water with a width of at least 100 feet (30 millimeters) from high
water mark to high water mark .................................................................................................. 48 (1219) 18 (457)
Drainage ditches at public roads and railroads ............................................................................ 36 (914) 36 (914)
Deepwater port safety zones ........................................................................................................ 48 (1219) 24 (610)
Gulf of Mexico and its inlets in waters less than 15 feet (4.6 meters) deep as measured from
mean low water ......................................................................................................................... 36 (914) 18 (457)
Other offshore areas under water less than 12 ft (3.7 meters) deep as measured from mean
low water .................................................................................................................................... 36 (914) 18 (457)
Any other area ............................................................................................................................... 30 (762) 18 (457)
1 Rock excavation is any excavation that requires blasting or removal by equivalent means.
(b) Except for the Gulf of Mexico and that for drainage tile the minimum
its inlets in waters less than 15 feet (4.6 clearance may be less than 12 inches
meters) deep, less cover than the min- (305 millimeters) but not less than 2
imum required by paragraph (a) of this inches (51 millimeters). However,
section and § 195.210 may be used if— where 12 inches (305 millimeters) of
(1) It is impracticable to comply with clearance is impracticable, the clear-
the minimum cover requirements; and ance may be reduced if adequate provi-
(2) Additional protection is provided sions are made for corrosion control.
that is equivalent to the minimum re-
quired cover. [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
amended by Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47 13, 1998]
FR 32721, July 29, 1982 as amended by Amdt.
195–52, 59 FR 33397, June 28, 1994; 59 FR 36256, § 195.252 Backfilling.
July 15, 1994; Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July
13, 1998; Amdt. 195–95, 69 FR 48407, Aug. 10, When a ditch for a pipeline is
2004] backfilled, it must be backfilled in a
manner that:
§ 195.250 Clearance between pipe and
underground structures. (a) Provides firm support under the
pipe; and
Any pipe installed underground must (b) Prevents damage to the pipe and
have at least 12 inches (305 millime- pipe coating from equipment or from
ters) of clearance between the outside
the backfill material.
of the pipe and the extremity of any
other underground structure, except [Amdt. 195–78, 68 FR 53528, Sept. 11, 2003]
571
§ 195.254 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
§ 195.254 Above ground components. (e) On each side of a water crossing

(a) Any component may be installed that is more than 100 feet (30 meters)
above ground in the following situa- wide from high-water mark to high-
tions, if the other applicable require- water mark unless the Administrator
ments of this part are complied with: finds in a particular case that valves
(1) Overhead crossings of highways, are not justified.
railroads, or a body of water. (f) On each side of a reservoir holding
(2) Spans over ditches and gullies. water for human consumption.
(3) Scraper traps or block valves. [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47
(4) Areas under the direct control of FR 32721, July 29, 1982; Amdt. 195–50, 59 FR
the operator. 17281, Apr. 12, 1994; Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506,
(5) In any area inaccessible to the July 13, 1998]
public.
(b) Each component covered by this § 195.262 Pumping equipment.
section must be protected from the (a) Adequate ventilation must be pro-
forces exerted by the anticipated loads. vided in pump station buildings to pre-
vent the accumulation of hazardous va-
§ 195.256 Crossing of railroads and
highways. pors. Warning devices must be installed
to warn of the presence of hazardous
The pipe at each railroad or highway vapors in the pumping station building.
crossing must be installed so as to ade- (b) The following must be provided in
quately withstand the dynamic forces each pump station:
exerted by anticipated traffic loads. (1) Safety devices that prevent over-
§ 195.258 Valves: General. pressuring of pumping equipment, in-
cluding the auxiliary pumping equip-
(a) Each valve must be installed in a ment within the pumping station.
location that is accessible to author- (2) A device for the emergency shut-
ized employees and that is protected
down of each pumping station.
from damage or tampering.
(3) If power is necessary to actuate
(b) Each submerged valve located off-
the safety devices, an auxiliary power
shore or in inland navigable waters
must be marked, or located by conven- supply.
tional survey techniques, to facilitate (c) Each safety device must be tested
quick location when operation of the under conditions approximating actual
valve is required. operations and found to function prop-
erly before the pumping station may be
§ 195.260 Valves: Location. used.
A valve must be installed at each of (d) Except for offshore pipelines,
the following locations: pumping equipment must be installed
(a) On the suction end and the dis- on property that is under the control of
charge end of a pump station in a man- the operator and at least 15.2 m (50 ft)
ner that permits isolation of the pump from the boundary of the pump station.
station equipment in the event of an (e) Adequate fire protection must be
emergency. installed at each pump station. If the
(b) On each line entering or leaving a fire protection system installed re-
breakout storage tank area in a man- quires the use of pumps, motive power
ner that permits isolation of the tank must be provided for those pumps that
area from other facilities. is separate from the power that oper-
(c) On each mainline at locations ates the station.
along the pipeline system that will [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
minimize damage or pollution from ac- amended by Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33397, June
cidental hazardous liquid discharge, as 28, 1994]
appropriate for the terrain in open
country, for offshore areas, or for popu- § 195.264 Impoundment, protection
lated areas. against entry, normal/emergency
(d) On each lateral takeoff from a venting or pressure/vacuum relief

trunk line in a manner that permits for aboveground breakout tanks.
shutting off the lateral without inter- (a) A means must be provided for
rupting the flow in the trunk line. containing hazardous liquids in the
572
event of spillage or failure of an above- § 195.3) must be in accordance with sec-

ground breakout tank. tion 9 of API Standard 620 (incor-
(b) After October 2, 2000, compliance porated by reference, see § 195.3) and its
with paragraph (a) of this section re- references to the normal and emer-
quires the following for the above- gency venting requirements in API
ground breakout tanks specified: Standard 2000 (incorporated by ref-
(1) For tanks built to API Specifica- erence, see § 195.3).
tion 12F, API Standard 620, and others (4) Pressure and vacuum-relieving de-
(such as API Standard 650 or its prede- vices installed on high pressure tanks
cessor Standard 12C), the installation built to API Standard 2510 (incor-
of impoundment must be in accordance porated by reference, see § 195.3) must
with the following sections of NFPA 30: be in accordance with sections 7 or 11
(i) Impoundment around a breakout of API Standard 2510 (incorporated by
tank must be installed in accordance reference, see § 195.3).
with section 4.3.2.3.2; and [Amdt. 195–66, 64 FR 15935, Apr. 2, 1999, as
(ii) Impoundment by drainage to a re- amended by 195–86, 71 FR 33410, June 9, 2006;
mote impounding area must be in- 195–94, 75 FR 48606, Aug. 11, 2010]
stalled in accordance with section
4.3.2.3.1. § 195.266 Construction records.
(2) For tanks built to API 2510, the A complete record that shows the fol-
installation of impoundment must be lowing must be maintained by the op-
in accordance with section 5 or 11 of erator involved for the life of each
API 2510 (incorporated by reference, see pipeline facility:
§ 195.3). (a) The total number of girth welds
(c) Aboveground breakout tank areas and the number nondestructively test-
must be adequately protected against ed, including the number rejected and
unauthorized entry. the disposition of each rejected weld.
(d) Normal/emergency relief venting (b) The amount, location; and cover
must be provided for each atmospheric of each size of pipe installed.
pressure breakout tank. Pressure/vacu- (c) The location of each crossing of
um-relieving devices must be provided another pipeline.
for each low-pressure and high-pressure (d) The location of each buried util-
breakout tank. ity crossing.
(e) For normal/emergency relief vent- (e) The location of each overhead
ing and pressure/vacuum-relieving de- crossing.
vices installed on aboveground break- (f) The location of each valve and
out tanks after October 2, 2000, compli- corrosion test station.
ance with paragraph (d) of this section
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
requires the following for the tanks amended by Amdt. 195–34, 50 FR 34474, Aug.
specified: 26, 1985]
(1) Normal/emergency relief venting
installed on atmospheric pressure Subpart E—Pressure Testing
tanks built to API Specification 12F
(incorporated by reference, see § 195.3) § 195.300 Scope.
must be in accordance with Section 4,
This subpart prescribes minimum re-
and Appendices B and C, of API Speci-
quirements for the pressure testing of
fication 12F (incorporated by reference,
steel pipelines. However, this subpart
see § 195.3).
does not apply to the movement of pipe
(2) Normal/emergency relief venting
under § 195.424.
installed on atmospheric pressure
tanks (such as those built to API [Amdt. 195–51, 59 FR 29384, June 7, 1994]
Standard 650 or its predecessor Stand-
ard 12C) must be in accordance with § 195.302 General requirements.
API Standard 2000 (incorporated by ref- (a) Except as otherwise provided in
erence, see § 195.3). this section and in § 195.305(b), no oper-
(3) Pressure-relieving and emergency ator may operate a pipeline unless it

vacuum-relieving devices installed on has been pressure tested under this
low pressure tanks built to API Stand- subpart without leakage. In addition,
ard 620 (incorporated by reference, see no operator may return to service a
573
§ 195.303 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
segment of pipeline that has been re- resistance welded pipe manufactured
placed, relocated, or otherwise changed before 1970; and
until it has been pressure tested under (B) At least 50 percent of the mileage
this subpart without leakage. (length) of all other pipelines; and
(b) Except for pipelines converted (ii) Before December 7, 2003, pressure
under § 195.5, the following pipelines test the remainder of the pipeline mile-
may be operated without pressure test- age (length).
ing under this subpart: [Amdt. 195–51, 59 FR 29384, June 7, 1994, as
(1) Any hazardous liquid pipeline amended by Amdt. 195–53, 59 FR 35471, July
whose maximum operating pressure is 12, 1994; Amdt. 195–51B, 61 FR 43027, Aug. 20,
established under § 195.406(a)(5) that 1996; Amdt. 195–58, 62 FR 54592, Oct. 21, 1997;
is— Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July 13, 1998;
(i) An interstate pipeline constructed Amdt. 195–65, 63 FR 59479, Nov. 4, 1998]
before January 8, 1971;
(ii) An interstate offshore gathering § 195.303 Risk-based alternative to
pressure testing older hazardous
line constructed before August 1, 1977; liquid and carbon dioxide pipelines.
(iii) An intrastate pipeline con-
structed before October 21, 1985; or (a) An operator may elect to follow a
(iv) A low-stress pipeline constructed program for testing a pipeline on risk-
before August 11, 1994 that transports based criteria as an alternative to the
HVL. pressure testing in § 195.302(b)(1)(i)–(iii)
(2) Any carbon dioxide pipeline con- and § 195.302(b)(2)(i) of this subpart. Ap-
structed before July 12, 1991, that— pendix B provides guidance on how this
(i) Has its maximum operating pres- program will work. An operator elect-
sure established under § 195.406(a)(5); or ing such a program shall assign a risk
(ii) Is located in a rural area as part classification to each pipeline segment
of a production field distribution sys- according to the indicators described in
tem. paragraph (b) of this section as follows:
(3) Any low-stress pipeline con- (1) Risk Classification A if the loca-
structed before August 11, 1994 that tion indicator is ranked as low or me-
does not transport HVL. dium risk, the product and volume in-
(4) Those portions of older hazardous dicators are ranked as low risk, and
liquid and carbon dioxide pipelines for the probability of failure indicator is
which an operator has elected the risk- ranked as low risk;
based alternative under § 195.303 and (2) Risk Classification C if the loca-
which are not required to be tested tion indicator is ranked as high risk; or
based on the risk-based criteria. (3) Risk Classification B.
(c) Except for pipelines that trans- (b) An operator shall evaluate each
port HVL onshore, low-stress pipelines, pipeline segment in the program ac-
and pipelines covered under § 195.303, cording to the following indicators of
the following compliance deadlines risk:
apply to pipelines under paragraphs (1) The location indicator is—
(b)(1) and (b)(2)(i) of this section that (i) High risk if an area is non-rural or
have not been pressure tested under environmentally sensitive 1; or
this subpart: (ii) Medium risk; or
(1) Before December 7, 1998, for each (iii) Low risk if an area is not high or
pipeline each operator shall— medium risk.
(i) Plan and schedule testing accord- (2) The product indicator is 1
ing to this paragraph; or (i) High risk if the product trans-
(ii) Establish the pipeline’s maximum ported is highly toxic or is both highly
operating pressure under § 195.406(a)(5). volatile and flammable;
(2) For pipelines scheduled for test- (ii) Medium risk if the product trans-
ing, each operator shall— ported is flammable with a flashpoint
(i) Before December 7, 2000, pressure of less than 100 °F, but not highly vola-
test— tile; or
(A) Each pipeline identified by name, (iii) Low risk if the product trans-
symbol, or otherwise that existing ported is not high or medium risk.
records show contains more than 50
percent by mileage (length) of electric 1 (See Appendix B, Table C).
574
(3) The volume indicator is— (e) Pressure testing done under this
(i) High risk if the line is at least 18 section must be conducted in accord-
inches in nominal diameter; ance with this subpart. Except for seg-
(ii) Medium risk if the line is at least ments in Risk Classification B which
10 inches, but less than 18 inches, in are not constructed with pre-1970 ERW
nominal diameter; or pipe, water must be the test medium.
(iii) Low risk if the line is not high or (f) An operator electing to follow a
medium risk. program under paragraph (a) must de-
(4) The probability of failure indi- velop plans that include the method of
cator is— testing and a schedule for the testing
(i) High risk if the segment has expe- by December 7, 1998. The compliance
rienced more than three failures in the deadlines for completion of testing are
last 10 years due to time-dependent de- as shown in the table below:
fects (e.g., corrosion, gouges, or prob-
lems developed during manufacture, § 195.303—TEST DEADLINES
construction or operation, etc.); or Pipeline Segment Risk classification Test deadline
(ii) Low risk if the segment has expe-
Pre-1970 Pipe sus- C or B ................... 12/7/2000
rienced three failures or less in the last ceptible to longi- A ........................... 12/7/2002
10 years due to time-dependent defects. tudinal seam fail-
(c) The program under paragraph (a) ures [defined in
of this section shall provide for pres- § 195.303(c) &
(d)].
sure testing for a segment constructed All Other Pipeline C ........................... 12/7/2002
of electric resistance-welded (ERW) Segments. B ........................... 12/7//2004
pipe and lapwelded pipe manufactured A ........................... Additional testing
not required
prior to 1970 susceptible to longitudinal
seam failures as determined through
(g) An operator must review the risk
paragraph (d) of this section. The tim-
classifications for those pipeline seg-
ing of such pressure test may be deter-
ments which have not yet been tested
mined based on risk classifications dis-
under paragraph (a) of this section or
cussed under paragraph (b) of this sec-
otherwise inspected under paragraph
tion. For other segments, the program
(c) of this section at intervals not to
may provide for use of a magnetic flux
exceed 15 months. If the risk classifica-
leakage or ultrasonic internal inspec-
tion of an untested or uninspected seg-
tion survey as an alternative to pres-
ment changes, an operator must take
sure testing and, in the case of such
appropriate action within two years, or
segments in Risk Classification A, may
establish the maximum operating pres-
provide for no additional measures
sure under § 195.406(a)(5).
under this subpart.
(h) An operator must maintain
(d) All pre-1970 ERW pipe and
records establishing compliance with
lapwelded pipe is deemed susceptible to
this section, including records
longitudinal seam failures unless an
verifying the risk classifications, the
engineering analysis shows otherwise.
plans and schedule for testing, the con-
In conducting an engineering analysis
duct of the testing, and the review of
an operator must consider the seam-re-
the risk classifications.
lated leak history of the pipe and pipe
(i) An operator may discontinue a
manufacturing information as avail-
program under this section only after
able, which may include the pipe
written notification to the Adminis-
steel’s mechanical properties, includ-
trator and approval, if needed, of a
ing fracture toughness; the manufac-
schedule for pressure testing.
turing process and controls related to
seam properties, including whether the [Amdt. 195–65, 63 FR 59480, Nov. 4, 1998]
ERW process was high-frequency or
low-frequency, whether the weld seam § 195.304 Test pressure.
was heat treated, whether the seam The test pressure for each pressure
was inspected, the test pressure and test conducted under this subpart must
duration during mill hydrotest; the be maintained throughout the part of

quality control of the steel-making the system being tested for at least 4
process; and other factors pertinent to continuous hours at a pressure equal to
seam properties and quality. 125 percent, or more, of the maximum
575
§ 195.305 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
operating pressure and, in the case of a (c) Carbon dioxide pipelines may use
pipeline that is not visually inspected inert gas or carbon dioxide as the test
for leakage during the test, for at least medium if—
an additional 4 continuous hours at a (1) The entire pipeline section under
pressure equal to 110 percent, or more, test is outside of cities and other popu-
of the maximum operating pressure. lated areas;
(2) Each building within 300 feet (91
[Amdt. 195–51, 59 FR 29384, June 7, 1994. Re-
designated by Amdt. 195–65, 63 FR 59480, Nov. meters) of the test section is unoccu-
4, 1998] pied while the test pressure is equal to
or greater than a pressure that pro-
§ 195.305 Testing of components. duces a hoop stress of 50 percent of
(a) Each pressure test under § 195.302 specified minimum yield strength;
must test all pipe and attached fit- (3) The maximum hoop stress during
tings, including components, unless the test does not exceed 80 percent of
otherwise permitted by paragraph (b) specified minimum yield strength;
of this section. (4) Continuous communication is
maintained along entire test section;
(b) A component, other than pipe,
and
that is the only item being replaced or
(5) The pipe involved is new pipe hav-
added to the pipeline system need not
ing a longitudinal joint factor of 1.00.
be hydrostatically tested under para-
graph (a) of this section if the manu- (d) Air or inert gas may be used as
facturer certifies that either— the test medium in low-stress pipe-
lines.
(1) The component was
hydrostatically tested at the factory; [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1991, as
or amended by Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR 26926, June
(2) The component was manufactured 12, 1991; Amdt. 195–51, 59 FR 29385, June 7,
1994; Amdt. 195–53, 59 FR 35471, July 12, 1994;
under a quality control system that en-
Amdt. 195–51A, 59 FR 41260, Aug. 11, 1994;
sures each component is at least equal Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July 13, 1998]
in strength to a prototype that was
hydrostatically tested at the factory. § 195.307 Pressure testing above-
ground breakout tanks.
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
amended by Amdt. 195–51, 59 FR 29385, June (a) For aboveground breakout tanks
7, 1994; Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33397, June 28, built into API Specification 12F and
1994. Redesignated by Amdt. 195–65, 63 FR first placed in service after October 2,
59480, Nov. 4, 1998] 2000, pneumatic testing must be in ac-
cordance with section 5.3 of API Speci-
§ 195.306 Test medium.
fication 12 F (incorporated by ref-
(a) Except as provided in paragraphs erence, see § 195.3).
(b), (c), and (d) of this section, water (b) For aboveground breakout tanks
must be used as the test medium. built to API Standard 620 and first
(b) Except for offshore pipelines, liq- placed in service after October 2, 2000,
uid petroleum that does not vaporize hydrostatic and pneumatic testing
rapidly may be used as the test me- must be in accordance with section 7.18
dium if— of API Standard 620 (incorporated by
(1) The entire pipeline section under reference, see § 195.3).
test is outside of cities and other popu- (c) For aboveground breakout tanks
lated areas; built to API Standard 650 (incorporated
(2) Each building within 300 feet (91 by reference, see § 195.3) and first placed
meters) of the test section is unoccu- in service after October 2, 2000, testing
pied while the test pressure is equal to must be in accordance with Section 5.2
or greater than a pressure which pro- of API Standard 650 (incorporated by
duces a hoop stress of 50 percent of reference, see § 195.3).
specified minimum yield strength; (d) For aboveground atmospheric
(3) The test section is kept under sur- pressure breakout tanks constructed of
veillance by regular patrols during the carbon and low alloy steel, welded or
test; and riveted, and non-refrigerated and tanks
(4) Continuous communication is built to API Standard 650 or its prede-
maintained along entire test section. cessor Standard 12C that are returned
576
to service after October 2, 2000, the ne- Subpart F—Operation and

cessity for the hydrostatic testing of Maintenance
repair, alteration, and reconstruction
is covered in section 10.3 of API Stand- § 195.400 Scope.
ard 653.
(e) For aboveground breakout tanks This subpart prescribes minimum re-
built to API Standard 2510 and first quirements for operating and main-
placed in service after October 2, 2000, taining pipeline systems constructed
pressure testing must be in accordance with steel pipe.
with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
§ 195.401 General requirements.
Code, Section VIII, Division 1 or 2.
(a) No operator may operate or main-
[Amdt. 195–66, 64 FR 15936, Apr. 2, 1999, as
tain its pipeline systems at a level of
9, 2006; Amdt. 195–94, 75 FR 48607, Aug. 11, safety lower than that required by this
2010] subpart and the procedures it is re-
quired to establish under § 195.402(a) of
§ 195.308 Testing of tie-ins. this subpart.
Pipe associated with tie-ins must be (b) An operator must make repairs on
pressure tested, either with the section its pipeline system according to the
to be tied in or separately. following requirements:
(1) Non Integrity management repairs.
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
amended by 195–51, 59 FR 29385, June 7, 1994]
Whenever an operator discovers any
condition that could adversely affect
§ 195.310 Records. the safe operation of its pipeline sys-
tem, it must correct the condition
(a) A record must be made of each
within a reasonable time. However, if
pressure test required by this subpart,
the condition is of such a nature that
and the record of the latest test must
it presents an immediate hazard to per-
be retained as long as the facility test-
sons or property, the operator may not
ed is in use.
operate the affected part of the system
(b) The record required by paragraph
until it has corrected the unsafe condi-
(a) of this section must include:
tion.
(1) The pressure recording charts;
(2) Test instrument calibration data; (2) Integrity management repairs. When
(3) The name of the operator, the an operator discovers a condition on a
name of the person responsible for pipeline covered under § 195.452, the op-
making the test, and the name of the erator must correct the condition as
test company used, if any; prescribed in § 195.452(h).
(4) The date and time of the test; (c) Except as provided in § 195.5, no
(5) The minimum test pressure; operator may operate any part of any
(6) The test medium; of the following pipelines unless it was
(7) A description of the facility tested designed and constructed as required
and the test apparatus; by this part:
(8) An explanation of any pressure (1) An interstate pipeline, other than
discontinuities, including test failures, a low-stress pipeline, on which con-
that appear on the pressure recording struction was begun after March 31,
charts; 1970, that transports hazardous liquid.
(9) Where elevation differences in the (2) An interstate offshore gathering
section under test exceed 100 feet (30 line, other than a low-stress pipeline,
meters), a profile of the pipeline that on which construction was begun after
shows the elevation and test sites over July 31, 1977, that transports hazardous
the entire length of the test section; liquid.
and (3) An intrastate pipeline, other than
(10) Temperature of the test medium a low-stress pipeline, on which con-
or pipe during the test period. struction was begun after October 20,
[Amdt. 195–34, 50 FR 34474, Aug. 26, 1985, as

1985, that transports hazardous liquid.
amended by Amdt. 195–51, 59 FR 29385, June (4) A pipeline on which construction
7, 1994; Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July 13, was begun after July 11, 1991, that
1998; Amdt. 195–78, 68 FR 53528, Sept. 11, 2003] transports carbon dioxide.
577
§ 195.402 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
(5) A low-stress pipeline on which ance with each of the requirements of

construction was begun after August this subpart and subpart H of this part.
10, 1994. (4) Determining which pipeline facili-
ties are located in areas that would re-
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
amended by Amdt. 195–33, 50 FR 15899, Apr. quire an immediate response by the op-
23, 1985; Amdt. 195–33A, 50 FR 39008, Sept. 26, erator to prevent hazards to the public
1985; Amdt. 195–36, 51 FR 15008, Apr. 22, 1986; if the facilities failed or malfunctioned.
Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR 26926, June 12, 1991; (5) Analyzing pipeline accidents to
Amdt. 195–53, 59 FR 35471, July 12, 1994; determine their causes.
Amdt. 195–94, 75 FR 48607, Aug. 11, 2010] (6) Minimizing the potential for haz-
ards identified under paragraph (c)(4)
§ 195.402 Procedural manual for oper- of this section and the possibility of re-
ations, maintenance, and emer-
gencies. currence of accidents analyzed under
paragraph (c)(5) of this section.
(a) General. Each operator shall pre- (7) Starting up and shutting down
pare and follow for each pipeline sys- any part of the pipeline system in a
tem a manual of written procedures for manner designed to assure operation
conducting normal operations and within the limits prescribed by
maintenance activities and handling § 195.406, consider the hazardous liquid
abnormal operations and emergencies. or carbon dioxide in transportation,
This manual shall be reviewed at inter- variations in altitude along the pipe-
vals not exceeding 15 months, but at line, and pressure monitoring and con-
least once each calendar year, and ap- trol devices.
propriate changes made as necessary to (8) In the case of a pipeline that is
insure that the manual is effective. not equipped to fail safe, monitoring
This manual shall be prepared before from an attended location pipeline
initial operations of a pipeline system pressure during startup until steady
commence, and appropriate parts shall state pressure and flow conditions are
be kept at locations where operations reached and during shut-in to assure
and maintenance activities are con- operation within limits prescribed by
ducted. § 195.406.
(b) The Administrator or the State (9) In the case of facilities not
Agency that has submitted a current equipped to fail safe that are identified
certification under the pipeline safety under paragraph 195.402(c)(4) or that
laws (49 U.S.C. 60101 et seq.) with re- control receipt and delivery of the haz-
spect to the pipeline facility governed ardous liquid or carbon dioxide, detect-
by an operator’s plans and procedures ing abnormal operating conditions by
may, after notice and opportunity for monitoring pressure, temperature, flow
hearing as provided in 49 CFR 190.237 or or other appropriate operational data
the relevant State procedures, require and transmitting this data to an at-
the operator to amend its plans and tended location.
procedures as necessary to provide a (10) Abandoning pipeline facilities,
reasonable level of safety. including safe disconnection from an
(c) Maintenance and normal operations. operating pipeline system, purging of
The manual required by paragraph (a) combustibles, and sealing abandoned
of this section must include procedures facilities left in place to minimize safe-
for the following to provide safety dur- ty and environmental hazards. For
ing maintenance and normal oper- each abandoned offshore pipeline facil-
ations: ity or each abandoned onshore pipeline
(1) Making construction records, facility that crosses over, under or
maps, and operating history available through commercially navigable wa-
as necessary for safe operation and terways the last operator of that facil-
maintenance. ity must file a report upon abandon-
(2) Gathering of data needed for re- ment of that facility in accordance
porting accidents under subpart B of with § 195.59 of this part.
this part in a timely and effective man- (11) Minimizing the likelihood of ac-
ner. cidental ignition of vapors in areas
(3) Operating, maintaining, and re- near facilities identified under para-
pairing the pipeline system in accord- graph (c)(4) of this section where the
578
potential exists for the presence of (5) Periodically reviewing the re-
flammable liquids or gases. sponse of operator personnel to deter-
(12) Establishing and maintaining li- mine the effectiveness of the proce-
aison with fire, police, and other appro- dures controlling abnormal operation
priate public officials to learn the re- and taking corrective action where de-
sponsibility and resources of each gov- ficiencies are found.
ernment organization that may re- (e) Emergencies. The manual required
spond to a hazardous liquid or carbon by paragraph (a) of this section must
dioxide pipeline emergency and ac- include procedures for the following to
quaint the officials with the operator’s provide safety when an emergency con-
ability in responding to a hazardous dition occurs:
liquid or carbon dioxide pipeline emer- (1) Receiving, identifying, and
gency and means of communication. classifying notices of events which
(13) Periodically reviewing the work need immediate response by the oper-
done by operator personnel to deter- ator or notice to fire, police, or other
mine the effectiveness of the proce- appropriate public officials and com-
dures used in normal operation and municating this information to appro-
maintenance and taking corrective ac- priate operator personnel for correc-
tion where deficiencies are found. tive action.
(14) Taking adequate precautions in (2) Prompt and effective response to a
excavated trenches to protect per-
notice of each type emergency, includ-
sonnel from the hazards of unsafe accu-
ing fire or explosion occurring near or
mulations of vapor or gas, and making
directly involving a pipeline facility,
available when needed at the exca-
accidental release of hazardous liquid
vation, emergency rescue equipment,
or carbon dioxide from a pipeline facil-
including a breathing apparatus and, a
ity, operational failure causing a haz-
rescue harness and line.
ardous condition, and natural disaster
(15) Implementing the applicable con-
affecting pipeline facilities.
trol room management procedures re-
quired by § 195.446. (3) Having personnel, equipment, in-
(d) Abnormal operation. The manual struments, tools, and material avail-
required by paragraph (a) of this sec- able as needed at the scene of an emer-
tion must include procedures for the gency.
following to provide safety when oper- (4) Taking necessary action, such as
ating design limits have been exceeded: emergency shutdown or pressure reduc-
(1) Responding to, investigating, and tion, to minimize the volume of haz-
correcting the cause of: ardous liquid or carbon dioxide that is
(i) Unintended closure of valves or released from any section of a pipeline
shutdowns; system in the event of a failure.
(ii) Increase or decrease in pressure (5) Control of released hazardous liq-
or flow rate outside normal operating uid or carbon dioxide at an accident
limits; scene to minimize the hazards, includ-
(iii) Loss of communications; ing possible intentional ignition in the
(iv) Operation of any safety device; cases of flammable highly volatile liq-
(v) Any other malfunction of a com- uid.
ponent, deviation from normal oper- (6) Minimization of public exposure
ation, or personnel error which could to injury and probability of accidental
cause a hazard to persons or property. ignition by assisting with evacuation
(2) Checking variations from normal of residents and assisting with halting
operation after abnormal operation has traffic on roads and railroads in the af-
ended at sufficient critical locations in fected area, or taking other appro-
the system to determine continued in- priate action.
tegrity and safe operation. (7) Notifying fire, police, and other
(3) Correcting variations from normal appropriate public officials of haz-
operation of pressure and flow equip- ardous liquid or carbon dioxide pipeline
ment and controls. emergencies and coordinating with

(4) Notifying responsible operator them preplanned and actual responses
personnel when notice of an abnormal during an emergency, including addi-
operation is received. tional precautions necessary for an
579
§ 195.403 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
emergency involving a pipeline system uid or carbon dioxide and to minimize

transporting a highly volatile liquid. the potential for fire, explosion, tox-
(8) In the case of failure of a pipeline icity, or environmental damage; and
system transporting a highly volatile (5) Learn the potential causes, types,
liquid, use of appropriate instruments sizes, and consequences of fire and the
to assess the extent and coverage of appropriate use of portable fire extin-
the vapor cloud and determine the haz- guishers and other on-site fire control
ardous areas. equipment, involving, where feasible, a
(9) Providing for a post accident re- simulated pipeline emergency condi-
view of employee activities to deter- tion.
mine whether the procedures were ef- (b) At the intervals not exceeding 15
fective in each emergency and taking months, but at least once each cal-
corrective action where deficiencies endar year, each operator shall:
are found. (1) Review with personnel their per-
(10) Actions required to be taken by a formance in meeting the objectives of
controller during an emergency, in ac- the emergency response training pro-
cordance with § 195.446. gram set forth in paragraph (a) of this
(f) Safety-related condition reports. The section; and
manual required by paragraph (a) of (2) Make appropriate changes to the
this section must include instructions emergency response training program
enabling personnel who perform oper- as necessary to ensure that it is effec-
ation and maintenance activities to tive.
recognize conditions that potentially
(c) Each operator shall require and
may be safety-related conditions that
verify that its supervisors maintain a
are subject to the reporting require-
thorough knowledge of that portion of
ments of § 195.55.
the emergency response procedures es-
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47 tablished under 195.402 for which they
FR 32721, July 29, 1982, as amended by Amdt. are responsible to ensure compliance.
195–24, 47 FR 46852, Oct. 21, 1982; Amdt. 195–39,
53 FR 24951, July 1, 1988; Amdt. 195–45, 56 FR [Amdt. 195–67, 64 FR 46866, Aug. 27, 1999, as
26926, June 12, 1991; Amdt. 195–46, 56 FR 31090, amended at Amdt. 195–78, 68 FR 53528, Sept.
July 9, 1991; Amdt. 195–49, 59 FR 6585, Feb. 11, 11, 2003]
1994; Amdt. 195–55, 61 FR 18518, Apr. 26, 1996;
Amdt. 195–69, 65 FR 54444, Sept. 8, 2000; Amdt. § 195.404 Maps and records.
195–173, 66 FR 67004, Dec. 27, 2001; Amdt. 195– (a) Each operator shall maintain cur-
93, 74 FR 63329, Dec. 3, 2009]
rent maps and records of its pipeline
§ 195.403 Emergency response train- systems that include at least the fol-
ing. lowing information:
(1) Location and identification of the
(a) Each operator shall establish and
following pipeline facilities:
conduct a continuing training program
to instruct emergency response per- (i) Breakout tanks;
sonnel to: (ii) Pump stations;
(1) Carry out the emergency proce- (iii) Scraper and sphere facilities;
dures established under 195.402 that re- (iv) Pipeline valves;
late to their assignments; (v) Facilities to which § 195.402(c)(9)
(2) Know the characteristics and haz- applies;
ards of the hazardous liquids or carbon (vi) Rights-of-way; and
dioxide transported, including, in case (vii) Safety devices to which § 195.428
of flammable HVL, flammability of applies.
mixtures with air, odorless vapors, and (2) All crossings of public roads, rail-
water reactions; roads, rivers, buried utilities, and for-
(3) Recognize conditions that are eign pipelines.
likely to cause emergencies, predict (3) The maximum operating pressure
the consequences of facility malfunc- of each pipeline.
tions or failures and hazardous liquids (4) The diameter, grade, type, and
or carbon dioxide spills, and take ap- nominal wall thickness of all pipe.
propriate corrective action; (b) Each operator shall maintain for
(4) Take steps necessary to control at least 3 years daily operating records
any accidental release of hazardous liq- that indicate—
580
(1) The discharge pressure at each for inclusion in the procedure manual
pump station; and (§ 195.402(c)).
(2) Any emergency or abnormal oper- [Amdt. 195–66, 64 FR 15936, Apr. 2, 1999]
ation to which the procedures under
§ 195.402 apply. § 195.406 Maximum operating pres-
(c) Each operator shall maintain the sure.
following records for the periods speci- (a) Except for surge pressures and
fied: other variations from normal oper-
(1) The date, location, and descrip- ations, no operator may operate a pipe-
tion of each repair made to pipe shall line at a pressure that exceeds any of
be maintained for the useful life of the the following:
pipe. (1) The internal design pressure of
(2) The date, location, and descrip- the pipe determined in accordance with
tion of each repair made to parts of the § 195.106. However, for steel pipe in pipe-
pipeline system other than pipe shall lines being converted under § 195.5, if
be maintained for at least 1 year. one or more factors of the design for-
(3) A record of each inspection and mula (§ 195.106) are unknown, one of the
test required by this subpart shall be following pressures is to be used as de-
maintained for at least 2 years or until sign pressure:
the next inspection or test is per- (i) Eighty percent of the first test
formed, whichever is longer. pressure that produces yield under sec-
tion N5.0 of appendix N of ASME B31.8,
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as reduced by the appropriate factors in
amended by Amdt. 195–34, 50 FR 34474, Aug.
§§ 195.106 (a) and (e); or
26, 1985; Amdt. 195–173, 66 FR 67004, Dec. 27,
2001] (ii) If the pipe is 12 3⁄4 inch (324 mm)
or less outside diameter and is not
§ 195.405 Protection against ignitions tested to yield under this paragraph,
and safe access/egress involving 200 p.s.i. (1379 kPa) gage.
floating roofs. (2) The design pressure of any other
(a) After October 2, 2000, protection component of the pipeline.
provided against ignitions arising out (3) Eighty percent of the test pres-
of static electricity, lightning, and sure for any part of the pipeline which
stray currents during operation and has been pressure tested under subpart
E of this part.
maintenance activities involving
aboveground breakout tanks must be (4) Eighty percent of the factory test
pressure or of the prototype test pres-
in accordance with API Recommended
sure for any individually installed
Practice 2003, unless the operator notes
component which is excepted from
in the procedural manual (§ 195.402(c))
testing under § 195.305.
why compliance with all or certain pro-
(5) For pipelines under §§ 195.302(b)(1)
visions of API Recommended Practice
and (b)(2)(i) that have not been pres-
2003 is not necessary for the safety of a
sure tested under subpart E of this
particular breakout tank. part, 80 percent of the test pressure or
(b) The hazards associated with ac- highest operating pressure to which
cess/egress onto floating roofs of in- the pipeline was subjected for 4 or more
service aboveground breakout tanks to continuous hours that can be dem-
perform inspection, service, mainte- onstrated by recording charts or logs
nance or repair activities (other than made at the time the test or operations
specified general considerations, speci- were conducted.
fied routine tasks or entering tanks re- (b) No operator may permit the pres-
moved from service for cleaning) are sure in a pipeline during surges or
addressed in API Publication 2026. other variations from normal oper-
After October 2, 2000, the operator must ations to exceed 110 percent of the op-
review and consider the potentially erating pressure limit established
hazardous conditions, safety practices under paragraph (a) of this section.
and procedures in API Publication 2026 Each operator must provide adequate
581
§ 195.408 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
controls and protective equipment to ters at least 1 inch (25 millimeters)

control the pressure within this limit. high with an approximate stroke of 1⁄4
inch (6.4 millimeters).
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
amended by Amdt. 195–33, 50 FR 15899, Apr. (ii) The name of the operator and a
23, 1985; 50 FR 38660, Sept. 24, 1985; Amdt. 195– telephone number (including area code)
51, 59 FR 29385, June 7, 1994; Amdt. 195–52, 59 where the operator can be reached at
FR 33397, June 28, 1994; Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR all times.
37506, July 13, 1998; Amdt. 195–65, 63 FR 59480, (b) Line markers are not required for
Nov. 4, 1998] buried pipelines located—
(1) Offshore or at crossings of or
§ 195.408 Communications. under waterways and other bodies of
(a) Each operator must have a com- water; or
munication system to provide for the (2) In heavily developed urban areas
transmission of information needed for such as downtown business centers
the safe operation of its pipeline sys- where—
tem. (i) The placement of markers is im-
(b) The communication system re- practical and would not serve the pur-
quired by paragraph (a) of this section pose for which markers are intended;
must, as a minimum, include means and
for: (ii) The local government maintains
(1) Monitoring operational data as re- current substructure records.
quired by § 195.402(c)(9); (c) Each operator shall provide line
(2) Receiving notices from operator marking at locations where the line is
personnel, the public, and public au- above ground in areas that are acces-
thorities of abnormal or emergency sible to the public.
conditions and sending this informa-
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
tion to appropriate personnel or gov-
ernment agencies for corrective action; 6, 1983; Amdt. 195–54, 60 FR 14650, Mar. 20,
(3) Conducting two-way vocal com- 1995; Amdt. 195–63, 63 FR 37506, July 13, 1998]
munication between a control center
and the scene of abnormal operations § 195.412 Inspection of rights-of-way
and emergencies; and and crossings under navigable
(4) Providing communication with waters.
fire, police, and other appropriate pub- (a) Each operator shall, at intervals
lic officials during emergency condi- not exceeding 3 weeks, but at least 26
tions, including a natural disaster. times each calendar year, inspect the
surface conditions on or adjacent to
§ 195.410 Line markers. each pipeline right-of-way. Methods of
(a) Except as provided in paragraph inspection include walking, driving,
(b) of this section, each operator shall flying or other appropriate means of
place and maintain line markers over traversing the right-of-way.
each buried pipeline in accordance with (b) Except for offshore pipelines, each
the following: operator shall, at intervals not exceed-
(1) Markers must be located at each ing 5 years, inspect each crossing under
public road crossing, at each railroad a navigable waterway to determine the
crossing, and in sufficient number condition of the crossing.
along the remainder of each buried line [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
so that its location is accurately amended by Amdt. 195–24, 47 FR 46852, Oct.
known. 21, 1982; Amdt. 195–52, 59 FR 33397, June 28,
(2) The marker must state at least 1994]
the following on a background of
sharply contrasting color: § 195.413 Underwater inspection and
(i) The word ‘‘Warning,’’ ‘‘Caution,’’ reburial of pipelines in the Gulf of
or ‘‘Danger’’ followed by the words Mexico and its inlets.
‘‘Petroleum (or the name of the haz- (a) Except for gathering lines of 41⁄2
ardous liquid transported) Pipeline’’, or inches (114mm) nominal outside diame-

‘‘Carbon Dioxide Pipeline,’’ all of ter or smaller, each operator shall pre-
which, except for markers in heavily pare and follow a procedure to identify
developed urban areas, must be in let- its pipelines in the Gulf of Mexico and
582
its inlets in waters less than 15 feet (4.6 §§ 195.414–195.418 [Reserved]

meters) deep as measured from mean
low water that are at risk of being an § 195.420 Valve maintenance.
exposed underwater pipeline or a haz- (a) Each operator shall maintain
ard to navigation. The procedures must each valve that is necessary for the
be in effect August 10, 2005. safe operation of its pipeline systems
(b) Each operator shall conduct ap- in good working order at all times.
propriate periodic underwater inspec- (b) Each operator shall, at intervals
tions of its pipelines in the Gulf of not exceeding 71⁄2 months, but at least
Mexico and its inlets in waters less twice each calendar year, inspect each
than 15 feet (4.6 meters) deep as meas- mainline valve to determine that it is
functioning properly.
ured from mean low water based on the
(c) Each operator shall provide pro-
identified risk.
tection for each valve from unauthor-
(c) If an operator discovers that its ized operation and from vandalism.
pipeline is an exposed underwater pipe-
line or poses a hazard to navigation, [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47
FR 32721, July 29, 1982, as amended by Amdt.
the operator shall— 195–24, 47 FR 46852, Oct. 21, 1982]
(1) Promptly, but not later than 24
hours after discovery, notify the Na- § 195.422 Pipeline repairs.
tional Response Center, telephone: 1– (a) Each operator shall, in repairing
800–424–8802, of the location and, if its pipeline systems, insure that the re-
available, the geographic coordinates pairs are made in a safe manner and
of that pipeline. are made so as to prevent damage to
(2) Promptly, but not later than 7 persons or property.
days after discovery, mark the location (b) No operator may use any pipe,
of the pipeline in accordance with 33 valve, or fitting, for replacement in re-
CFR Part 64 at the ends of the pipeline pairing pipeline facilities, unless it is
segment and at intervals of not over designed and constructed as required
500 yards (457 meters) long, except that by this part.
a pipeline segment less than 200 yards
§ 195.424 Pipe movement.
(183 meters) long need only be marked
at the center; and (a) No operator may move any line
(3) Within 6 months after discovery, pipe, unless the pressure in the line
section involved is reduced to not more
or not later than November 1 of the fol-
than 50 percent of the maximum oper-
lowing year if the 6 month period is
ating pressure.
later than November 1 of the year of (b) No operator may move any pipe-
discovery, bury the pipeline so that the line containing highly volatile liquids
top of the pipe is 36 inches (914 milli- where materials in the line section in-
meters) below the underwater natural volved are joined by welding unless—
bottom (as determined by recognized (1) Movement when the pipeline does
and generally accepted practices) for not contain highly volatile liquids is
normal excavation or 18 inches (457 impractical;
millimeters) for rock excavation. (2) The procedures of the operator
(i) An operator may employ engi- under § 195.402 contain precautions to
neered alternatives to burial that meet protect the public against the hazard
or exceed the level of protection pro- in moving pipelines containing highly
vided by burial. volatile liquids, including the use of
(ii) If an operator cannot obtain re- warnings, where necessary, to evacuate
quired state or Federal permits in time the area close to the pipeline; and
to comply with this section, it must (3) The pressure in that line section
is reduced to the lower of the fol-
notify OPS; specify whether the re-
lowing:
quired permit is State or Federal; and,
(i) Fifty percent or less of the max-
justify the delay. imum operating pressure; or

[Amdt. 195–82, 69 FR 48407, Aug. 10, 2004] (ii) The lowest practical level that
will maintain the highly volatile liquid
in a liquid state with continuous flow,
583
§ 195.426 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
but not less than 50 p.s.i. (345 kPa) gage October 2, 2000, must have an overfill
above the vapor pressure of the com- protection system installed according
modity. to section 5.1.2 of API Standard 2510.
(c) No operator may move any pipe- Other aboveground breakout tanks
line containing highly volatile liquids with 600 gallons (2271 liters) or more of
where materials in the line section in- storage capacity that are constructed
volved are not joined by welding un- or significantly altered after October 2,
less— 2000, must have an overfill protection
(1) The operator complies with para- system installed according to API Rec-
graphs (b) (1) and (2) of this section; ommended Practice 2350. However, op-
and erators need not comply with any part
(2) That line section is isolated to of API Recommended Practice 2350 for
prevent the flow of highly volatile liq- a particular breakout tank if the oper-
uid. ator notes in the manual required by
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 46 § 195.402 why compliance with that part
FR 38922, July 30, 1981, as amended by Amdt. is not necessary for safety of the tank.
195–63, 63 FR 37506, July 13, 1998] (d) After October 2, 2000, the require-
ments of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this
§ 195.426 Scraper and sphere facilities. section for inspection and testing of
No operator may use a launcher or pressure control equipment apply to
receiver that is not equipped with a re- the inspection and testing of overfill
lief device capable of safely relieving protection systems.
pressure in the barrel before insertion [Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981, as
or removal of scrapers or spheres. The amended by Amdt. 195–24, 47 FR 46852, Oct.
operator must use a suitable device to 21, 1982; Amdt. 195–66, 64 FR 15936, Apr. 2,
indicate that pressure has been re- 1999]
lieved in the barrel or must provide a
means to prevent insertion or removal § 195.430 Firefighting equipment.
of scrapers or spheres if pressure has Each operator shall maintain ade-
not been relieved in the barrel. quate firefighting equipment at each
[Amdt. 195–22, 46 FR 38360, July 27, 1981; 47 pump station and breakout tank area.
FR 32721, July 29, 1982] The equipment must be—
(a) In proper operating condition at
§ 195.428 Overpressure safety devices all times;
and overfill protection systems. (b) Plainly marked so that its iden-
(a) Except as provided in paragraph tity as firefighting equipment is clear;
(b) of this section, each operator shall, and
at intervals not exceeding 15 months, (c) Located so that it is easily acces-
but at least once each calendar year, or sible during a fire.
in the case of pipelines used to carry
highly volatile liquids, at intervals not § 195.432 Inspection of in-service
to exceed 71⁄2 months, but at least twice breakout tanks.
each calendar year, inspect and test (a) Except for breakout tanks in-
each pressure limiting device, relief spected under paragraphs (b) and (c) of
valve, pressure regulator, or other item this section, each operator shall, at in-
of pressure control equipment to deter- tervals not exceeding 15 months, but at
mine that it is functioning properly, is least once each calendar year, inspect
in good mechanical condition, and is each in-service breakout tank.
adequate from the standpoint of capac- (b) Each operator must inspect the
ity and reliability of operation for the physical integrity of in-service atmos-
service in which it is used. pheric and low-pressure steel above-
(b) In the case of relief valves on ground breakout tanks according to
pressure breakout tanks containing API Standard 653 (incorporated by ref-
highly volatile liquids, each operator erence, see § 195.3). However, if struc-
shall test each valve at intervals not tural conditions prevent access to the
exceeding 5 years. tank bottom, the bottom integrity

(c) Aboveground breakout tanks that may be assessed according to a plan in-
are constructed or significantly altered cluded in the operations and mainte-
according to API Standard 2510 after nance manual under § 195.402(c)(3).
584
(c) Each operator shall inspect the compliance with all or certain provi-
physical integrity of in-service steel sions of the recommended practice is
aboveground breakout tanks built to not practicable and not necessary for
API Standard 2510 according to section safety.
6 of API 510. (d) The operator’s program must spe-
(d) The intervals of inspection speci- cifically include provisions to educate
fied by documents referenced in para- the public, appropriate government or-
graphs (b) and (c) of this section begin ganizations, and persons engaged in ex-
on May 3, 1999, or on the operator’s last cavation related activities on:
recorded date of the inspection, which- (1) Use of a one-call notification sys-
ever is earlier. tem prior to excavation and other dam-
age prevention activities;
[Amdt. 195–66, 64 FR 15936, Apr. 2, 1999, as
(2) Possible hazards associated with
amended by 195–94, 75 FR 48607, Aug. 11, 2010]
unintended releases from a hazardous
§ 195.434 Signs. liquid or carbon dioxide pipeline facil-
ity;
Each operator must maintain signs (3) Physical indications that such a
visible to the public around each pump- release may have occurred;
ing station and breakout tank area. (4) Steps that should be taken for
Each sign must contain the name of public safety in the event of a haz-
the operator and a telephone number ardous liquid or carbon dioxide pipeline
(including area code) where the oper- release; and
ator can be reached at all times. (5) Procedures to report such an
[Amdt. 195–78, 68 FR 53528, Sept. 11, 2003] event.
(e) The program must include activi-
§ 195.436 Security of facilities. ties to advise affected municipalities,
Each operator shall provide protec- school districts, businesses, and resi-
tion for each pumping station and dents of pipeline facility locations.
breakout tank area and other exposed (f) The program and the media used
facility (such as scraper traps) from must be as comprehensive as necessary
vandalism and unauthorized entry. to reach all areas in which the operator
transports hazardous liquid or carbon
§ 195.438 Smoking or open flames. dioxide.
Each operator shall prohibit smoking (g) The program must be conducted
and open flames in each pump station in English and in other languages com-
area and each breakout tank area monly understood by a significant
where there is a possibility of the leak- number and concentration of the non-
age of a flammable hazardous liquid or English speaking population in the op-
of the presence of flammable vapors. erator’s area.
(h) Operators in existence on June 20,
§ 195.440 Public awareness. 2005, must have completed their writ-
ten programs no later than June 20,
(a) Each pipeline operator must de-
2006. Upon request, operators must sub-
velop and implement a written con-
mit their completed programs to
tinuing public education program that
PHMSA or, in the case of an intrastate
follows the guidance provided in the
pipeline facility operator, the appro-
American Petroleum Institute’s (API)
priate State agency.
Recommended Practice (RP) 1162 (in-
(i) The operator’s program docu-
corporated by reference, see § 195.3).
mentation and evaluation results must
(b) The operator’s program must fol-
be available for periodic review by ap-
low the general program recommenda-
propriate regulatory agencies.
tions of API RP 1162 and assess the
unique attributes and characteristics [Amdt. 195–84, 70 FR 28843, May 19, 2005]
of the operator’s pipeline and facilities.
(c) The operator must follow the gen- § 195.442 Damage prevention program.
eral program recommendations, includ- (a) Except as provided in paragraph
ing baseline and supplemental require- (d) of this section, each operator of a
ments of API RP 1162, unless the oper- buried pipeline must carry out, in ac-
ator provides justification in its pro- cordance with this section, a written
gram or procedural manual as to why program to prevent damage to that
585
§ 195.444 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
pipeline from excavation activities. tified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section

For the purpose of this section, the of the following as often as needed to
term ‘‘excavation activities’’ includes make them aware of the damage pre-
excavation, blasting, boring, tunneling, vention program:
backfilling, the removal of above- (i) The program’s existence and pur-
ground structures by either explosive pose; and
or mechanical means, and other (ii) How to learn the location of un-
earthmoving operations. derground pipelines before excavation
(b) An operator may comply with any activities are begun.
of the requirements of paragraph (c) of (3) Provide a means of receiving and
this section through participation in a recording notification of planned exca-
public service program, such as a one- vation activities.
call system, but such participation (4) If the operator has buried pipe-
does not relieve the operator of the re- lines in the area of excavation activity,
sponsibility for compliance with this provide for actual notification of per-
section. However, an operator must sons who give notice of their intent to
perform the duties of paragraph (c)(3) excavate of the type of temporary
of this section through participation in marking to be provided and how to
a one-call system, if that one-call sys- identify the markings.
tem is a qualified one-call system. In (5) Provide for temporary marking of
areas that are covered by more than buried pipelines in the area of exca-
one qualified one-call system, an oper- vation activity before, as far as prac-
ator need only join one of the qualified tical, the activity begins.
one-call systems if there is a central (6) Provide as follows for inspection
telephone number for excavators to of pipelines that an operator has rea-
call for excavation activities, or if the son to believe could be damaged by ex-
one-call systems in those areas com- cavation activities:
municate with one another. An opera- (i) The inspection must be done as
tor’s pipeline system must be covered frequently as necessary during and
by a qualified one-call system where after the activities to verify the integ-
there is one in place. For the purpose rity of the pipeline; and
of this section, a one-call system is (ii) In the case of blasting, any in-
considered a ‘‘qualified one-call sys- spection must include leakage surveys.
tem’’ if it meets the requirements of (d) A damage prevention program
section (b)(1) or (b)(2) or this section. under this section is not required for
(1) The state has adopted a one-call the following pipelines:
damage prevention program under (1) Pipelines located offshore.
§ 198.37 of this chapter; or (2) Pipelines to which access is phys-
(2) The one-call system: ically controlled by the operator.
(i) Is operated in accordance with
[Amdt. 195–54, 60 FR 14651, Mar. 20, 1995, as
§ 198.39 of this chapter;
amended by Amdt. 195–60, 62 FR 61699, Nov.
(ii) Provides a pipeline operator an 19, 1997]
opportunity similar to a voluntary par-
ticipant to have a part in management § 195.444 CPM leak detection.
responsibilities; and Each computational pipeline moni-
(iii) Assesses a participating pipeline toring (CPM) leak detection system in-
operator a fee that is proportionate to stalled on a hazardous liquid pipeline
the costs of the one-call system’s cov- transporting liquid in single phase
erage of the operator’s pipeline. (without gas in the liquid) must com-
(c) The damage prevention program ply with API 1130 in operating, main-
required by paragraph (a) of this sec- taining, testing, record keeping, and
tion must, at a minimum: dispatcher training of the system.
(1) Include the identity, on a current
basis, of persons who normally engage [Amdt. 195–62, 63 FR 36376, July 6, 1998]
in excavation activities in the area in
which the pipeline is located. § 195.446 Control room management.

(2) Provides for notification of the (a) General. This section applies to
public in the vicinity of the pipeline each operator of a pipeline facility
and actual notification of persons iden- with a controller working in a control
586
room who monitors and controls all or trollers to carry out the roles and re-
part of a pipeline facility through a sponsibilities the operator has defined
SCADA system. Each operator must by performing each of the following:
have and follow written control room (1) Implement API RP 1165 (incor-
management procedures that imple- porated by reference, see § 195.3) when-
ment the requirements of this section. ever a SCADA system is added, ex-
The procedures required by this section panded or replaced, unless the operator
must be integrated, as appropriate, demonstrates that certain provisions of
with the operator’s written procedures API RP 1165 are not practical for the
required by § 195.402. An operator must SCADA system used;
develop the procedures no later than (2) Conduct a point-to-point
August 1, 2011, and must implement the verification between SCADA displays
procedures according to the following and related field equipment when field
schedule. The procedures required by equipment is added or moved and when
paragraphs (b), (c)(5), (d)(2) and (d)(3), other changes that affect pipeline safe-
(f) and (g) of this section must be im- ty are made to field equipment or
plemented no later than October 1, SCADA displays;
2011. The procedures required by para- (3) Test and verify an internal com-
graphs (c)(1) through (4), (d)(1), (d)(4), munication plan to provide adequate
and (e) must be implemented no later means for manual operation of the
than August 1, 2012. The training proce- pipeline safely, at least once each cal-
dures required by paragraph (h) must endar year, but at intervals not to ex-
be implemented no later than August 1, ceed 15 months;
2012, except that any training required (4) Test any backup SCADA systems
by another paragraph of this section at least once each calendar year, but at
must be implemented no later than the intervals not to exceed 15 months; and
deadline for that paragraph.
(5) Implement section 5 of API RP
(b) Roles and responsibilities. Each op-
1168 (incorporated by reference, see
erator must define the roles and re-
§ 195.3) to establish procedures for when
sponsibilities of a controller during
a different controller assumes responsi-
normal, abnormal, and emergency op-
bility, including the content of infor-
erating conditions. To provide for a
mation to be exchanged.
controller’s prompt and appropriate re-
sponse to operating conditions, an op- (d) Fatigue mitigation. Each operator
erator must define each of the fol- must implement the following methods
lowing: to reduce the risk associated with con-
(1) A controller’s authority and re- troller fatigue that could inhibit a con-
troller’s ability to carry out the roles
sponsibility to make decisions and
and responsibilities the operator has
take actions during normal operations;
defined:
(2) A controller’s role when an abnor-
mal operating condition is detected, (1) Establish shift lengths and sched-
even if the controller is not the first to ule rotations that provide controllers
detect the condition, including the con- off-duty time sufficient to achieve
troller’s responsibility to take specific eight hours of continuous sleep;
actions and to communicate with oth- (2) Educate controllers and super-
ers; visors in fatigue mitigation strategies
(3) A controller’s role during an and how off-duty activities contribute
emergency, even if the controller is not to fatigue;
the first to detect the emergency, in- (3) Train controllers and supervisors
cluding the controller’s responsibility to recognize the effects of fatigue; and
to take specific actions and to commu- (4) Establish a maximum limit on
nicate with others; and controller hours-of-service, which may
(4) A method of recording controller provide for an emergency deviation
shift-changes and any hand-over of re- from the maximum limit if necessary
sponsibility between controllers. for the safe operation of a pipeline fa-
(c) Provide adequate information. Each cility.

operator must provide its controllers (e) Alarm management. Each operator
with the information, tools, processes using a SCADA system must have a
and procedures necessary for the con- written alarm management plan to
587
§ 195.446 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
provide for effective controller re- (g) Operating experience. Each oper-
sponse to alarms. An operator’s plan ator must assure that lessons learned
must include provisions to: from its operating experience are in-
(1) Review SCADA safety-related corporated, as appropriate, into its
alarm operations using a process that control room management procedures
ensures alarms are accurate and sup- by performing each of the following:
port safe pipeline operations; (1) Review accidents that must be re-
(2) Identify at least once each cal- ported pursuant to § 195.50 and 195.52 to
endar month points affecting safety determine if control room actions con-
that have been taken off scan in the tributed to the event and, if so, cor-
SCADA host, have had alarms inhib- rect, where necessary, deficiencies re-
ited, generated false alarms, or that lated to:
have had forced or manual values for (i) Controller fatigue;
periods of time exceeding that required (ii) Field equipment;
for associated maintenance or oper- (iii) The operation of any relief de-
ating activities; vice;
(3) Verify the correct safety-related (iv) Procedures;
alarm set-point values and alarm de- (v) SCADA system configuration; and
scriptions when associated field instru- (vi) SCADA system performance.
ments are calibrated or changed and at (2) Include lessons learned from the
least once each calendar year, but at operator’s experience in the training
intervals not to exceed 15 months; program required by this section.
(4) Review the alarm management (h) Training. Each operator must es-
plan required by this paragraph at tablish a controller training program
least once each calendar year, but at and review the training program con-
intervals not exceeding 15 months, to tent to identify potential improve-
determine the effectiveness of the plan; ments at least once each calendar year,
(5) Monitor the content and volume but at intervals not to exceed 15
of general activity being directed to months. An operator’s program must
and required of each controller at least provide for training each controller to
once each calendar year, but at inter- carry out the roles and responsibilities
vals not exceeding 15 months, that will defined by the operator. In addition,
assure controllers have sufficient time the training program must include the
to analyze and react to incoming following elements:
alarms; and (1) Responding to abnormal operating
(6) Address deficiencies identified conditions likely to occur simulta-
through the implementation of para- neously or in sequence;
graphs (e)(1) through (e)(5) of this sec- (2) Use of a computerized simulator
tion. or non-computerized (tabletop) method
(f) Change management. Each operator for training controllers to recognize
must assure that changes that could abnormal operating conditions;
affect control room operations are co- (3) Training controllers on their re-
ordinated with the control room per- sponsibilities for communication under
sonnel by performing each of the fol- the operator’s emergency response pro-
lowing: cedures;
(1) Implement section 7 of API RP (4) Training that will provide a con-
1168 (incorporated by reference, see troller a working knowledge of the
§ 195.3) for control room management pipeline system, especially during the
change and require coordination be- development of abnormal operating
tween control room representatives, conditions; and
operator’s management, and associated (5) For pipeline operating setups that
field personnel when planning and im- are periodically, but infrequently used,
plementing physical changes to pipe- providing an opportunity for control-
line equipment or configuration; and lers to review relevant procedures in
(2) Require its field personnel to con- advance of their application.
tact the control room when emergency (i) Compliance validation. Upon re-
conditions exist and when making field quest, operators must submit their pro-
changes that affect control room oper- cedures to PHMSA or, in the case of an
ations. intrastate pipeline facility regulated
588
by a State, to the appropriate State (4) An unusually sensitive area, as de-

agency. fined in § 195.6.
(j) Compliance and deviations. An oper- [Amdt. 195–70, 65 FR 75405, Dec. 1, 2000]
ator must maintain for review during
inspection: PIPELINE INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT
(1) Records that demonstrate compli-
ance with the requirements of this sec- § 195.452 Pipeline integrity manage-
ment in high consequence areas.
tion; and
(2) Documentation to demonstrate (a) Which pipelines are covered by this
that any deviation from the procedures section? This section applies to each
required by this section was necessary hazardous liquid pipeline and carbon
for the safe operation of the pipeline dioxide pipeline that could affect a
facility. high consequence area, including any
pipeline located in a high consequence
[Amdt. 195–93, 74 FR 63329, Dec. 3, 2009, as area unless the operator effectively
amended at 75 FR 5537, Feb. 3, 2010; 76 FR demonstrates by risk assessment that
35135, June 16, 2011] the pipeline could not affect the area.
(Appendix C of this part provides guid-
HIGH CONSEQUENCE AREAS ance on determining if a pipeline could
affect a high consequence area.) Cov-
§ 195.450 Definitions. ered pipelines are categorized as fol-
The following definitions apply to lows:
this section and § 195.452: (1) Category 1 includes pipelines ex-
Emergency flow restricting device or isting on May 29, 2001, that were owned
EFRD means a check valve or remote or operated by an operator who owned
control valve as follows: or operated a total of 500 or more miles
(1) Check valve means a valve that of pipeline subject to this part.
permits fluid to flow freely in one di- (2) Category 2 includes pipelines ex-
rection and contains a mechanism to isting on May 29, 2001, that were owned
automatically prevent flow in the or operated by an operator who owned
or operated less than 500 miles of pipe-
other direction.
line subject to this part.
(2) Remote control valve or RCV means (3) Category 3 includes pipelines con-
any valve that is operated from a loca- structed or converted after May 29,
tion remote from where the valve is in- 2001.
stalled. The RCV is usually operated by (b) What program and practices must
the supervisory control and data acqui- operators use to manage pipeline integ-
sition (SCADA) system. The linkage rity? Each operator of a pipeline cov-
between the pipeline control center and ered by this section must:
the RCV may be by fiber optics, micro- (1) Develop a written integrity man-
wave, telephone lines, or satellite. agement program that addresses the
High consequence area means: risks on each segment of pipeline in
(1) A commercially navigable waterway, the first column of the following table
which means a waterway where a sub- not later than the date in the second
stantial likelihood of commercial navi- column:
gation exists;
Pipeline Date
(2) A high population area, which
means an urbanized area, as defined Category 1 ............................. March 31, 2002.
and delineated by the Census Bureau, Category 2 ............................. February 18, 2003.
Category 3 ............................. 1 year after the date the
that contains 50,000 or more people and pipeline begins operation.
has a population density of at least
1,000 people per square mile; (2) Include in the program an identi-
(3) An other populated area, which fication of each pipeline or pipeline
means a place, as defined and delin- segment in the first column of the fol-
eated by the Census Bureau, that con- lowing table not later than the date in
tains a concentrated population, such the second column:

as an incorporated or unincorporated
Pipeline Date
city, town, village, or other designated
residential or commercial area; Category 1 ............................. December 31, 2001.
589
§ 195.452 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
Pipeline Date The methods an operator selects to as-

sess low frequency electric resistance
Category 2 ............................. November 18, 2002.
Category 3 ............................. Date the pipeline begins op- welded pipe or lap welded pipe suscep-
eration. tible to longitudinal seam failure must
be capable of assessing seam integrity
(3) Include in the program a plan to and of detecting corrosion and defor-
carry out baseline assessments of line mation anomalies.
pipe as required by paragraph (c) of (A) Internal inspection tool or tools
this section. capable of detecting corrosion and de-
(4) Include in the program a frame- formation anomalies including dents,
work that— gouges and grooves;
(i) Addresses each element of the in- (B) Pressure test conducted in ac-
tegrity management program under cordance with subpart E of this part;
paragraph (f) of this section, including (C) External corrosion direct assess-
continual integrity assessment and ment in accordance with § 195.588; or
evaluation under paragraph (j) of this (D) Other technology that the oper-
section; and ator demonstrates can provide an
(ii) Initially indicates how decisions equivalent understanding of the condi-
will be made to implement each ele- tion of the line pipe. An operator
ment. choosing this option must notify the
(5) Implement and follow the pro- Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) 90 days
gram. before conducting the assessment, by
(6) Follow recognized industry prac- sending a notice to the address or fac-
tices in carrying out this section, un- simile number specified in paragraph
less— (m) of this section.
(i) This section specifies otherwise; (ii) A schedule for completing the in-
or tegrity assessment;
(ii) The operator demonstrates that (iii) An explanation of the assess-
an alternative practice is supported by ment methods selected and evaluation
a reliable engineering evaluation and of risk factors considered in estab-
provides an equivalent level of public lishing the assessment schedule.
safety and environmental protection. (2) An operator must document, prior
(c) What must be in the baseline assess- to implementing any changes to the
ment plan? (1) An operator must include plan, any modification to the plan, and
each of the following elements in its reasons for the modification.
written baseline assessment plan: (d) When must operators complete base-
(i) The methods selected to assess the line assessments? Operators must com-
integrity of the line pipe. An operator plete baseline assessments as follows:
must assess the integrity of the line (1) Time periods. Complete assess-
pipe by any of the following methods. ments before the following deadlines:
Then complete baseline assessments not And assess at least 50 percent of the line
If the pipeline is: later than the following date according to a pipe on an expedited basis, beginning with
schedule that prioritizes assessments: the highest risk pipe, not later than:
Category 1 ................................ March 31, 2008 ................................................ September 30, 2004.

Category 2 ................................ February 17, 2009 ........................................... August 16, 2005.
Category 3 ................................ Date the pipeline begins operation .................. Not applicable.
(2) Prior assessment. To satisfy the re- operator must reassess the line pipe ac-
quirements of paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this cording to paragraph (j)(3) of this sec-
section for pipelines in the first col- tion. The table follows:
umn of the following table, operators Pipeline Date
may use integrity assessments con-
ducted after the date in the second col- Category 1 ............................. January 1, 1996.
Category 2 ............................. February 15, 1997.
umn, if the integrity assessment meth-

od complies with this section. However, (3) Newly-identified areas. (i) When in-
if an operator uses this prior assess- formation is available from the infor-
ment as its baseline assessment, the mation analysis (see paragraph (g) of
590
this section), or from Census Bureau (2) Appendix C of this part provides
maps, that the population density further guidance on risk factors.
around a pipeline segment has changed (f) What are the elements of an integrity
so as to fall within the definition in management program? An integrity
§ 195.450 of a high population area or management program begins with the
other populated area, the operator initial framework. An operator must
must incorporate the area into its continually change the program to re-
baseline assessment plan as a high con- flect operating experience, conclusions
sequence area within one year from the drawn from results of the integrity as-
date the area is identified. An operator sessments, and other maintenance and
must complete the baseline assessment
surveillance data, and evaluation of
of any line pipe that could affect the
consequences of a failure on the high
newly-identified high consequence area
within five years from the date the consequence area. An operator must in-
area is identified. clude, at minimum, each of the fol-
(ii) An operator must incorporate a lowing elements in its written integ-
new unusually sensitive area into its rity management program:
baseline assessment plan within one (1) A process for identifying which
year from the date the area is identi- pipeline segments could affect a high
fied. An operator must complete the consequence area;
baseline assessment of any line pipe (2) A baseline assessment plan meet-
that could affect the newly-identified ing the requirements of paragraph (c)
high consequence area within five of this section;
years from the date the area is identi- (3) An analysis that integrates all
fied. available information about the integ-
(e) What are the risk factors for estab- rity of the entire pipeline and the con-
lishing an assessment schedule (for both sequences of a failure (see paragraph
the baseline and continual integrity as- (g) of this section);
sessments)? (1) An operator must estab- (4) Criteria for remedial actions to
lish an integrity assessment schedule address integrity issues raised by the
that prioritizes pipeline segments for assessment methods and information
assessment (see paragraphs (d)(1) and analysis (see paragraph (h) of this sec-
(j)(3) of this section). An operator must tion);
base the assessment schedule on all
(5) A continual process of assessment
risk factors that reflect the risk condi-
and evaluation to maintain a pipeline’s
tions on the pipeline segment. The fac-
tors an operator must consider include, integrity (see paragraph (j) of this sec-
but are not limited to: tion);
(i) Results of the previous integrity (6) Identification of preventive and
assessment, defect type and size that mitigative measures to protect the
the assessment method can detect, and high consequence area (see paragraph
defect growth rate; (i) of this section);
(ii) Pipe size, material, manufac- (7) Methods to measure the program’s
turing information, coating type and effectiveness (see paragraph (k) of this
condition, and seam type; section);
(iii) Leak history, repair history and (8) A process for review of integrity
cathodic protection history; assessment results and information
(iv) Product transported; analysis by a person qualified to evalu-
(v) Operating stress level; ate the results and information (see
(vi) Existing or projected activities paragraph (h)(2) of this section).
in the area; (g) What is an information analysis? In
(vii) Local environmental factors periodically evaluating the integrity of
that could affect the pipeline (e.g., each pipeline segment (paragraph (j) of
corrosivity of soil, subsidence, cli- this section), an operator must analyze
matic); all available information about the in-

(viii) geo-technical hazards; and tegrity of the entire pipeline and the
(ix) Physical support of the segment consequences of a failure. This infor-
such as by a cable suspension bridge. mation includes:
591
§ 195.452 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
(1) Information critical to deter- must promptly, but no later than 180
mining the potential for, and pre- days after an integrity assessment, ob-
venting, damage due to excavation, in- tain sufficient information about a
cluding current and planned damage condition to make that determination,
prevention activities, and development unless the operator can demonstrate
or planned development along the pipe- that the 180-day period is impracti-
line segment; cable.
(2) Data gathered through the integ- (3) Schedule for evaluation and remedi-
rity assessment required under this ation. An operator must complete re-
section; mediation of a condition according to a
(3) Data gathered in conjunction with schedule prioritizing the conditions for
other inspections, tests, surveillance evaluation and remediation. If an oper-
and patrols required by this Part, in-
ator cannot meet the schedule for any
cluding, corrosion control monitoring
condition, the operator must explain
and cathodic protection surveys; and
the reasons why it cannot meet the
(4) Information about how a failure
schedule and how the changed schedule
would affect the high consequence
area, such as location of the water in- will not jeopardize public safety or en-
take. vironmental protection.
(h) What actions must an operator take (4) Special requirements for scheduling
to address integrity issues?—(1) General remediation—(i) Immediate repair condi-
requirements. An operator must take tions. An operator’s evaluation and re-
prompt action to address all anomalous mediation schedule must provide for
conditions the operator discovers immediate repair conditions. To main-
through the integrity assessment or in- tain safety, an operator must tempo-
formation analysis. In addressing all rarily reduce operating pressure or
conditions, an operator must evaluate shut down the pipeline until the oper-
all anomalous conditions and reme- ator completes the repair of these con-
diate those that could reduce a pipe- ditions. An operator must calculate the
line’s integrity. An operator must be temporary reduction in operating pres-
able to demonstrate that the remedi- sure using the formula in Section
ation of the condition will ensure the 451.6.2.2 (b) of ANSI/ASME B31.4 (incor-
condition is unlikely to pose a threat porated by reference, see § 195.3). An op-
to the long-term integrity of the pipe- erator must treat the following condi-
line. An operator must comply with tions as immediate repair conditions:
§ 195.422 when making a repair. (A) Metal loss greater than 80% of
(i) Temporary pressure reduction. An nominal wall regardless of dimensions.
operator must notify PHMSA, in ac- (B) A calculation of the remaining
cordance with paragraph (m) of this
strength of the pipe shows a predicted
section, if the operator cannot meet
burst pressure less than the established
the schedule for evaluation and reme-
maximum operating pressure at the lo-
diation required under paragraph (h)(3)
of this section and cannot provide safe- cation of the anomaly. Suitable re-
ty through a temporary reduction in maining strength calculation methods
operating pressure. include, but are not limited to, ASME/
(ii) Long-term pressure reduction. When ANSI B31G (‘‘Manual for Determining
a pressure reduction exceeds 365 days, the Remaining Strength of Corroded
the operator must notify PHMSA in ac- Pipelines’’ (1991) or AGA Pipeline Re-
cordance with paragraph (m) of this search Committee Project PR–3–805
section and explain the reasons for the (‘‘A Modified Criterion for Evaluating
delay. An operator must also take fur- the Remaining Strength of Corroded
ther remedial action to ensure the safe- Pipe’’ (December 1989)). These docu-
ty of the pipeline. ments are incorporated by reference
(2) Discovery of condition. Discovery of and are available at the addresses list-
a condition occurs when an operator ed in § 195.3.
has adequate information about the (C) A dent located on the top of the
condition to determine that the condi- pipeline (above the 4 and 8 o’clock posi-
tion presents a potential threat to the tions) that has any indication of metal
integrity of the pipeline. An operator loss, cracking or a stress riser.
592
(D) A dent located on the top of the documents are incorporated by ref-
pipeline (above the 4 and 8 o’clock posi- erence and are available at the address-
tions) with a depth greater than 6% of es listed in § 195.3.
the nominal pipe diameter. (E) An area of general corrosion with
(E) An anomaly that in the judgment a predicted metal loss greater than 50%
of the person designated by the oper- of nominal wall.
ator to evaluate the assessment results (F) Predicted metal loss greater than
requires immediate action. 50% of nominal wall that is located at
(ii) 60-day conditions. Except for con- a crossing of another pipeline, or is in
ditions listed in paragraph (h)(4)(i) of an area with widespread circumferen-
this section, an operator must schedule tial corrosion, or is in an area that
evaluation and remediation of the fol- could affect a girth weld.
lowing conditions within 60 days of dis- (G) A potential crack indication that
covery of condition. when excavated is determined to be a
(A) A dent located on the top of the crack.
pipeline (above the 4 and 8 o’clock posi- (H) Corrosion of or along a longitu-
tions) with a depth greater than 3% of dinal seam weld.
the pipeline diameter (greater than (I) A gouge or groove greater than
0.250 inches in depth for a pipeline di- 12.5% of nominal wall.
ameter less than Nominal Pipe Size (iv) Other conditions. In addition to
(NPS) 12). the conditions listed in paragraphs
(B) A dent located on the bottom of (h)(4)(i) through (iii) of this section, an
the pipeline that has any indication of operator must evaluate any condition
metal loss, cracking or a stress riser. identified by an integrity assessment
(iii) 180-day conditions. Except for or information analysis that could im-
conditions listed in paragraph (h)(4)(i) pair the integrity of the pipeline, and
or (ii) of this section, an operator must as appropriate, schedule the condition
schedule evaluation and remediation of for remediation. Appendix C of this
the following within 180 days of dis- part contains guidance concerning
covery of the condition: other conditions that an operator
(A) A dent with a depth greater than should evaluate.
2% of the pipeline’s diameter (0.250 (i) What preventive and mitigative
inches in depth for a pipeline diameter measures must an operator take to protect
less than NPS 12) that affects pipe cur- the high consequence area?—(1) General
vature at a girth weld or a longitudinal requirements. An operator must take
seam weld. measures to prevent and mitigate the
(B) A dent located on the top of the consequences of a pipeline failure that
pipeline (above 4 and 8 o’clock posi- could affect a high consequence area.
tion) with a depth greater than 2% of These measures include conducting a
the pipeline’s diameter (0.250 inches in risk analysis of the pipeline segment to
depth for a pipeline diameter less than identify additional actions to enhance
NPS 12). public safety or environmental protec-
(C) A dent located on the bottom of tion. Such actions may include, but are
the pipeline with a depth greater than not limited to, implementing damage
6% of the pipeline’s diameter. prevention best practices, better moni-
(D) A calculation of the remaining toring of cathodic protection where
strength of the pipe shows an operating corrosion is a concern, establishing
pressure that is less than the current shorter inspection intervals, installing
established maximum operating pres- EFRDs on the pipeline segment, modi-
sure at the location of the anomaly. fying the systems that monitor pres-
Suitable remaining strength calcula- sure and detect leaks, providing addi-
tion methods include, but are not lim- tional training to personnel on re-
ited to, ASME/ANSI B31G (‘‘Manual for sponse procedures, conducting drills
Determining the Remaining Strength with local emergency responders and
of Corroded Pipelines’’ (1991)) or AGA adopting other management controls.
Pipeline Research Committee Project (2) Risk analysis criteria. In identi-

PR–3–805 (‘‘A Modified Criterion for fying the need for additional preven-
Evaluating the Remaining Strength of tive and mitigative measures, an oper-
Corroded Pipe’’ (December 1989)). These ator must evaluate the likelihood of a
593
§ 195.452 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
pipeline release occurring and how a high consequence area, and benefits ex-
release could affect the high con- pected by reducing the spill size.
sequence area. This determination (j) What is a continual process of eval-
must consider all relevant risk factors, uation and assessment to maintain a pipe-
including, but not limited to: line’s integrity?—(1) General. After com-
(i) Terrain surrounding the pipeline pleting the baseline integrity assess-
segment, including drainage systems ment, an operator must continue to as-
such as small streams and other small- sess the line pipe at specified intervals
er waterways that could act as a con- and periodically evaluate the integrity
duit to the high consequence area; of each pipeline segment that could af-
(ii) Elevation profile; fect a high consequence area.
(iii) Characteristics of the product (2) Evaluation. An operator must con-
transported; duct a periodic evaluation as fre-
quently as needed to assure pipeline in-
(iv) Amount of product that could be
tegrity. An operator must base the fre-
released;
quency of evaluation on risk factors
(v) Possibility of a spillage in a farm specific to its pipeline, including the
field following the drain tile into a wa- factors specified in paragraph (e) of
terway; this section. The evaluation must con-
(vi) Ditches along side a roadway the sider the results of the baseline and
pipeline crosses; periodic integrity assessments, infor-
(vii) Physical support of the pipeline mation analysis (paragraph (g) of this
segment such as by a cable suspension section), and decisions about remedi-
bridge; ation, and preventive and mitigative
(viii) Exposure of the pipeline to op- actions (paragraphs (h) and (i) of this
erating pressure exceeding established section).
maximum operating pressure. (3) Assessment intervals. An operator
(3) Leak detection. An operator must must establish five-year intervals, not
have a means to detect leaks on its to exceed 68 months, for continually
pipeline system. An operator must assessing the line pipe’s integrity. An
evaluate the capability of its leak de- operator must base the assessment in-
tection means and modify, as nec- tervals on the risk the line pipe poses
essary, to protect the high consequence to the high consequence area to deter-
area. An operator’s evaluation must, at mine the priority for assessing the
least, consider, the following factors— pipeline segments. An operator must
length and size of the pipeline, type of establish the assessment intervals
product carried, the pipeline’s prox- based on the factors specified in para-
imity to the high consequence area, graph (e) of this section, the analysis of
the swiftness of leak detection, loca- the results from the last integrity as-
tion of nearest response personnel, leak sessment, and the information analysis
history, and risk assessment results. required by paragraph (g) of this sec-
(4) Emergency Flow Restricting Devices tion.
(EFRD). If an operator determines that (4) Variance from the 5-year intervals in
an EFRD is needed on a pipeline seg- limited situations—(i) Engineering basis.
ment to protect a high consequence An operator may be able to justify an
area in the event of a hazardous liquid engineering basis for a longer assess-
pipeline release, an operator must in- ment interval on a segment of line
stall the EFRD. In making this deter- pipe. The justification must be sup-
mination, an operator must, at least, ported by a reliable engineering eval-
consider the following factors—the uation combined with the use of other
swiftness of leak detection and pipeline technology, such as external moni-
shutdown capabilities, the type of com- toring technology, that provides an un-
modity carried, the rate of potential derstanding of the condition of the line
leakage, the volume that can be re- pipe equivalent to that which can be
leased, topography or pipeline profile, obtained from the assessment methods
the potential for ignition, proximity to allowed in paragraph (j)(5) of this sec-
power sources, location of nearest re- tion. An operator must notify OPS 270
sponse personnel, specific terrain be- days before the end of the five-year (or
tween the pipeline segment and the less) interval of the justification for a
594
longer interval, and propose an alter- ance on methods that can be used to
native interval. An operator must send evaluate a program’s effectiveness.
the notice to the address specified in (l) What records must be kept? (1) An
paragraph (m) of this section. operator must maintain for review dur-
(ii) Unavailable technology. An oper- ing an inspection:
ator may require a longer assessment (i) A written integrity management
period for a segment of line pipe (for program in accordance with paragraph
example, because sophisticated inter- (b) of this section.
nal inspection technology is not avail- (ii) Documents to support the deci-
able). An operator must justify the rea- sions and analyses, including any
sons why it cannot comply with the re- modifications, justifications,
quired assessment period and must also variances, deviations and determina-
demonstrate the actions it is taking to tions made, and actions taken, to im-
evaluate the integrity of the pipeline plement and evaluate each element of
segment in the interim. An operator the integrity management program
must notify OPS 180 days before the listed in paragraph (f) of this section.
end of the five-year (or less) interval (2) See Appendix C of this part for ex-
that the operator may require a longer amples of records an operator would be
assessment interval, and provide an es- required to keep.
timate of when the assessment can be
(m) How does an operator notify
completed. An operator must send a
PHMSA? An operator must provide any
notice to the address specified in para-
notification required by this section
graph (m) of this section.
by:
(5) Assessment methods. An operator
(1) Entering the information directly
must assess the integrity of the line
on the Integrity Management Database
pipe by any of the following methods.
Web site at http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/
The methods an operator selects to as-
imdb/;
sess low frequency electric resistance
welded pipe or lap welded pipe suscep- (2) Sending the notification to the In-
tible to longitudinal seam failure must formation Resources Manager, Office of
be capable of assessing seam integrity Pipeline Safety, Pipeline and Haz-
and of detecting corrosion and defor- ardous Materials Safety Administra-
mation anomalies. tion, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE.,
(i) Internal inspection tool or tools Washington, DC 20590; or
capable of detecting corrosion and de- (3) Sending the notification to the In-
formation anomalies including dents, formation Resources Manager by fac-
gouges and grooves; simile to (202) 366–7128.
(ii) Pressure test conducted in ac- [Amdt. 195–70, 65 FR 75406, Dec. 1, 2000, as
cordance with subpart E of this part; amended by Amdt. 195–74, 67 FR 1660, 1661,
(iii) External corrosion direct assess- Jan. 14, 2002; Amdt. 195–76, 67 FR 2143, Jan.
ment in accordance with § 195.588; or 16, 2002; 67 FR 46911, July 17, 2002; 70 FR 11140,
Mar. 8, 2005; Amdt. 195–85, 70 FR 61576, Oct.
(iv) Other technology that the oper- 25, 2005; Amdt. 195–87, 72 FR 39017, July 17,
ator demonstrates can provide an 2007; 73 FR 16571, Mar. 28, 2008; 73 FR 31646,
equivalent understanding of the condi- June 3, 2008; Amdt. 195–94, 75 FR 48607, Aug.
tion of the line pipe. An operator 11, 2010]
choosing this option must notify OPS
90 days before conducting the assess- Subpart G—Qualification of
ment, by sending a notice to the ad-
dress or facsimile number specified in
Pipeline Personnel
paragraph (m) of this section.
(k) What methods to measure program SOURCE: Amdt. 195–67, 64 FR 46866, Aug. 27,
effectiveness must be used? An operator’s 1999, unless otherwise noted.
program must include methods to
§ 195.501 Scope.
measure whether the program is effec-
tive in assessing and evaluating the in- (a) This subpart prescribes the min-
tegrity of each pipeline segment and in imum requirements for operator quali-
protecting the high consequence areas. fication of individuals performing cov-
See Appendix C of this part for guid- ered tasks on a pipeline facility.
595
§ 195.503 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
(b) For the purpose of this subpart, a dividual’s performance of a covered

covered task is an activity, identified task contributed to an accident as de-
by the operator, that: fined in Part 195;
(1) Is performed on a pipeline facility; (e) Evaluate an individual if the oper-
(2) Is an operations or maintenance ator has reason to believe that the in-
task; dividual is no longer qualified to per-
(3) Is performed as a requirement of form a covered task;
this part; and (f) Communicate changes that affect
(4) Affects the operation or integrity covered tasks to individuals per-
of the pipeline. forming those covered tasks;
(g) Identify those covered tasks and
§ 195.503 Definitions. the intervals at which evaluation of
Abnormal operating condition means a the individual’s qualifications is need-
condition identified by the operator ed;
that may indicate a malfunction of a (h) After December 16, 2004, provide
component or deviation from normal training, as appropriate, to ensure that
operations that may: individuals performing covered tasks
(a) Indicate a condition exceeding de- have the necessary knowledge and
sign limits; or skills to perform the tasks in a manner
(b) Result in a hazard(s) to persons, that ensures the safe operation of pipe-
property, or the environment. line facilities; and
Evaluation means a process, estab- (i) After December 16, 2004, notify the
lished and documented by the operator, Administrator or a state agency par-
to determine an individual’s ability to ticipating under 49 U.S.C. Chapter 601
perform a covered task by any of the if the operator significantly modifies
following: the program after the Administrator or
(a) Written examination; state agency has verified that it com-
(b) Oral examination; plies with this section.
(c) Work performance history review; [Amdt. 195–67, 64 FR 46866, Aug. 27, 1999, as
(d) Observation during: amended by Amdt. 195–84, 70 FR 10336, Mar. 3,
(1) performance on the job, 2005]
(2) on the job training, or
(3) simulations; § 195.507 Recordkeeping.
(e) Other forms of assessment. Each operator shall maintain records
Qualified means that an individual that demonstrate compliance with this
has been evaluated and can: subpart.
(a) Perform assigned covered tasks (a) Qualification records shall in-
and clude:
(b) Recognize and react to abnormal (1) Identification of qualified indi-
operating conditions. vidual(s);
[Amdt. 195–67, 64 FR 46866, Aug. 27, 1999, as (2) Identification of the covered tasks
amended by Amdt. 195–72, 66 FR 43524, Aug. the individual is qualified to perform;
20, 2001] (3) Date(s) of current qualification;
and
§ 195.505 Qualification program. (4) Qualification method(s).
Each operator shall have and follow a (b) Records supporting an individ-
written qualification program. The ual’s current qualification shall be
program shall include provisions to: maintained while the individual is per-
(a) Identify covered tasks; forming the covered task. Records of
(b) Ensure through evaluation that prior qualification and records of indi-
individuals performing covered tasks viduals no longer performing covered
are qualified; tasks shall be retained for a period of
(c) Allow individuals that are not five years.
qualified pursuant to this subpart to
perform a covered task if directed and § 195.509 General.
observed by an individual that is quali- (a) Operators must have a written

fied; qualification program by April 27, 2001.
(d) Evaluate an individual if the oper- The program must be available for re-
ator has reason to believe that the in- view by the Administrator or by a
596
state agency participating under 49 analyzed to identify locations where a

U.S.C. Chapter 601 if the program is corrosive current is leaving the pipe-
under the authority of that state agen- line.
cy. External corrosion direct assessment
(b) Operators must complete the (ECDA) means a four-step process that
qualification of individuals performing combines pre-assessment, indirect in-
covered tasks by October 28, 2002. spection, direct examination, and post-
(c) Work performance history review assessment to evaluate the threat of
may be used as a sole evaluation meth- external corrosion to the integrity of a
od for individuals who were performing pipeline.
a covered task prior to October 26, 1999. Pipeline environment includes soil re-
(d) After October 28, 2002, work per- sistivity (high or low), soil moisture
formance history may not be used as a (wet or dry), soil contaminants that
sole evaluation method. may promote corrosive activity, and
(e) After December 16, 2004, observa- other known conditions that could af-
tion of on-the-job performance may not fect the probability of active corrosion.
be used as the sole method of evalua- You means operator.
tion.
[Amdt. 195–73, 66 FR 67004, Dec. 27, 2001, as
[Amdt. 195–67, 64 FR 46866, Aug. 27, 1999, as amended by Amdt. 195–85, 70 FR 61576, Oct.
amended by Amdt. 195–72, 66 FR 43524, Aug. 25, 2005]
20, 2001; Amdt. 195–84, 70 FR 10336, Mar. 3,
2005] § 195.555 What are the qualifications
for supervisors?
Subpart H—Corrosion Control You must require and verify that su-
pervisors maintain a thorough knowl-
SOURCE: Amdt. 195–73, 66 FR 67004, Dec. 27, edge of that portion of the corrosion
2001, unless otherwise noted. control procedures established under
§ 195.402(c)(3) for which they are respon-
§ 195.551 What do the regulations in sible for insuring compliance.
this subpart cover?
This subpart prescribes minimum re- § 195.557 Which pipelines must have
quirements for protecting steel pipe- coating for external corrosion con-
lines against corrosion. trol?
Except bottoms of aboveground
§ 195.553 What special definitions breakout tanks, each buried or sub-
apply to this subpart? merged pipeline must have an external
As used in this subpart— coating for external corrosion control
Active corrosion means continuing if the pipeline is—
corrosion which, unless controlled, (a) Constructed, relocated, replaced,
could result in a condition that is det- or otherwise changed after the applica-
rimental to public safety or the envi- ble date in § 195.401(c), not including
ronment. the movement of pipe covered by
Buried means covered or in contact § 195.424; or
with soil. (b) Converted under § 195.5 and—
Direct assessment means an integrity (1) Has an external coating that sub-
assessment method that utilizes a stantially meets § 195.559 before the
process to evaluate certain threats pipeline is placed in service; or
(i.e., external corrosion, internal corro- (2) Is a segment that is relocated, re-
sion and stress corrosion cracking) to a placed, or substantially altered.
pipeline segment’s integrity. The proc-
ess includes the gathering and integra- § 195.559 What coating material may I
tion of risk factor data, indirect exam- use for external corrosion control?
ination or analysis to identify areas of Coating material for external corro-
suspected corrosion, direct examina- sion control under § 195.557 must—
tion of the pipeline in these areas, and (a) Be designed to mitigate corrosion
post assessment evaluation. of the buried or submerged pipeline;

Electrical survey means a series of (b) Have sufficient adhesion to the
closely spaced pipe-to-soil readings metal surface to prevent under film
over a pipeline that are subsequently migration of moisture;
597
§ 195.561 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
(c) Be sufficiently ductile to resist spections. See previous editions of this

cracking; part in 49 CFR, parts 186 to 199.
(d) Have enough strength to resist (e) Unprotected pipe must have ca-
damage due to handling and soil stress; thodic protection if required by
(e) Support any supplemental ca- § 195.573(b).
thodic protection; and
(f) If the coating is an insulating § 195.565 How do I install cathodic
type, have low moisture absorption and protection on breakout tanks?
provide high electrical resistance. After October 2, 2000, when you in-
stall cathodic protection under
§ 195.561 When must I inspect pipe § 195.563(a) to protect the bottom of an
coating used for external corrosion
control? aboveground breakout tank of more
than 500 barrels (79.5m3) capacity built
(a) You must inspect all external pipe to API Specification 12F, API Standard
coating required by § 195.557 just prior 620, or API Standard 650 (or its prede-
to lowering the pipe into the ditch or cessor Standard 12C), you must install
submerging the pipe. the system in accordance with API
(b) You must repair any coating dam- Recommended Practice 651. However,
age discovered. installation of the system need not
§ 195.563 Which pipelines must have comply with API Recommended Prac-
cathodic protection? tice 651 on any tank for which you note
in the corrosion control procedures es-
(a) Each buried or submerged pipe-
tablished under § 195.402(c)(3) why com-
line that is constructed, relocated, re-
pliance with all or certain provisions of
placed, or otherwise changed after the
API Recommended Practice 651 is not
applicable date in § 195.401(c) must have
necessary for the safety of the tank.
cathodic protection. The cathodic pro-
tection must be in operation not later § 195.567 Which pipelines must have
than 1 year after the pipeline is con- test leads and what must I do to in-
structed, relocated, replaced, or other- stall and maintain the leads?
wise changed, as applicable.
(a) General. Except for offshore pipe-
(b) Each buried or submerged pipe-
lines, each buried or submerged pipe-
line converted under § 195.5 must have
line or segment of pipeline under ca-
cathodic protection if the pipeline—
thodic protection required by this sub-
(1) Has cathodic protection that sub-
part must have electrical test leads for
stantially meets § 195.571 before the
external corrosion control. However,
pipeline is placed in service; or
(2) Is a segment that is relocated, re- this requirement does not apply until
placed, or substantially altered. December 27, 2004 to pipelines or pipe-
(c) All other buried or submerged line segments on which test leads were
pipelines that have an effective exter- not required by regulations in effect
nal coating must have cathodic protec- before January 28, 2002.
tion. 1 Except as provided by paragraph (b) Installation. You must install test
(d) of this section, this requirement leads as follows:
does not apply to breakout tanks and (1) Locate the leads at intervals fre-
does not apply to buried piping in quent enough to obtain electrical
breakout tank areas and pumping sta- measurements indicating the adequacy
tions until December 29, 2003. of cathodic protection.
(d) Bare pipelines, breakout tank (2) Provide enough looping or slack
areas, and buried pumping station pip- so backfilling will not unduly stress or
ing must have cathodic protection in break the lead and the lead will other-
places where regulations in effect be- wise remain mechanically secure and
fore January 28, 2002 required cathodic electrically conductive.
protection as a result of electrical in- (3) Prevent lead attachments from
causing stress concentrations on pipe.
1 A pipeline does not have an effective ex- (4) For leads installed in conduits,
ternal coating material if the current re- suitably insulate the lead from the
quired to cathodically protect the pipeline is conduit.
substantially the same as if the pipeline (5) At the connection to the pipeline,
were bare. coat each bared test lead wire and
598
bared metallic area with an electrical terval survey or comparable tech-

insulating material compatible with nology is practicable and necessary to
the pipe coating and the insulation on accomplish the objectives of paragraph
the wire. 10.1.1.3 of NACE SP 0169 (incorporated
(c) Maintenance. You must maintain by reference, see § 195.3).
the test lead wires in a condition that (b) Unprotected pipe. You must re-
enables you to obtain electrical meas- evaluate your unprotected buried or
urements to determine whether ca- submerged pipe and cathodically pro-
thodic protection complies with tect the pipe in areas in which active
§ 195.571. corrosion is found, as follows:
(1) Determine the areas of active cor-
§ 195.569 Do I have to examine ex- rosion by electrical survey, or where an
posed portions of buried pipelines?
electrical survey is impractical, by
Whenever you have knowledge that other means that include review and
any portion of a buried pipeline is ex- analysis of leak repair and inspection
posed, you must examine the exposed records, corrosion monitoring records,
portion for evidence of external corro- exposed pipe inspection records, and
sion if the pipe is bare, or if the coating the pipeline environment.
is deteriorated. If you find external (2) For the period in the first column,
corrosion requiring corrective action the second column prescribes the fre-
under § 195.585, you must investigate quency of evaluation.
circumferentially and longitudinally
beyond the exposed portion (by visual Period Evaluation frequency
examination, indirect method, or both) Before December 29, 2003 ... At least once every 5 cal-
to determine whether additional corro- endar years, but with inter-
sion requiring remedial action exists in vals not exceeding 63
the vicinity of the exposed portion. months.
Beginning December 29, At least once every 3 cal-
2003. endar years, but with inter-
§ 195.571 What criteria must I use to vals not exceeding 39
determine the adequacy of cathodic months.
protection?
Cathodic protection required by this (c) Rectifiers and other devices. You
Subpart must comply with one or more must electrically check for proper per-
of the applicable criteria and other formance each device in the first col-
considerations for cathodic protection umn at the frequency stated in the sec-
contained in paragraphs 6.2 and 6.3 of ond column.
NACE SP 0169 (incorporated by ref-
Device Check frequency
erence, see § 195.3).
Rectifier .................................. At least six times each cal-
[Amdt. 195–94, 75 FR 48607, Aug. 11, 2010] endar year, but with inter-
vals not exceeding 21⁄2
§ 195.573 What must I do to monitor months.
external corrosion control? Reverse current switch.
Diode.
(a) Protected pipelines. You must do Interference bond whose fail-
the following to determine whether ca- ure would jeopardize struc-
thodic protection required by this sub- tural protection.
part complies with § 195.571: Other interference bond ........ At least once each calendar
(1) Conduct tests on the protected year, but with intervals not
pipeline at least once each calendar exceeding 15 months.
year, but with intervals not exceeding
15 months. However, if tests at those (d) Breakout tanks. You must inspect
intervals are impractical for separately each cathodic protection system used
protected short sections of bare or inef- to control corrosion on the bottom of
fectively coated pipelines, testing may an aboveground breakout tank to en-
be done at least once every 3 calendar sure that operation and maintenance of
years, but with intervals not exceeding the system are in accordance with API
39 months. Recommended Practice 651. However,

(2) Identify not more than 2 years this inspection is not required if you
after cathodic protection is installed, note in the corrosion control proce-
the circumstances in which a close-in- dures established under § 195.402(c)(3)
599
§ 195.575 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
why compliance with all or certain op- on existing adjacent metallic struc-
eration and maintenance provisions of tures.
API Recommended Practice 651 is not
necessary for the safety of the tank. § 195.579 What must I do to mitigate
(e) Corrective action. You must correct internal corrosion?
any identified deficiency in corrosion (a) General. If you transport any haz-
control as required by § 195.401(b). How- ardous liquid or carbon dioxide that
ever, if the deficiency involves a pipe- would corrode the pipeline, you must
line in an integrity management pro- investigate the corrosive effect of the
gram under § 195.452, you must correct hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide on
the deficiency as required by the pipeline and take adequate steps to
§ 195.452(h). mitigate internal corrosion.
[Amdt. 195–73, 66 FR 67004, Dec. 27, 2001; 67 FR (b) Inhibitors. If you use corrosion in-
70118, Nov. 20, 2002, as amended by Amdt. 195– hibitors to mitigate internal corrosion,
86, 71 FR 33411, June 9, 2006; Amdt. 195–94, 75 you must—
FR 48607, Aug. 11, 2010]
(1) Use inhibitors in sufficient quan-
§ 195.575 Which facilities must I elec- tity to protect the entire part of the
trically isolate and what inspec- pipeline system that the inhibitors are
tions, tests, and safeguards are re- designed to protect;
quired? (2) Use coupons or other monitoring
(a) You must electrically isolate each equipment to determine the effective-
buried or submerged pipeline from ness of the inhibitors in mitigating in-
other metallic structures, unless you ternal corrosion; and
electrically interconnect and cathodi- (3) Examine the coupons or other
cally protect the pipeline and the other monitoring equipment at least twice
structures as a single unit. each calendar year, but with intervals
(b) You must install one or more in- not exceeding 71⁄2 months.
sulating devices where electrical isola- (c) Removing pipe. Whenever you re-
tion of a portion of a pipeline is nec- move pipe from a pipeline, you must
essary to facilitate the application of inspect the internal surface of the pipe
corrosion control. for evidence of corrosion. If you find in-
(c) You must inspect and electrically ternal corrosion requiring corrective
test each electrical isolation to assure action under § 195.585, you must inves-
the isolation is adequate.
tigate circumferentially and longitu-
(d) If you install an insulating device
dinally beyond the removed pipe (by
in an area where a combustible atmos-
visual examination, indirect method,
phere is reasonable to foresee, you
or both) to determine whether addi-
must take precautions to prevent arc-
tional corrosion requiring remedial ac-
ing.
tion exists in the vicinity of the re-
(e) If a pipeline is in close proximity
to electrical transmission tower foot- moved pipe.
ings, ground cables, or counterpoise, or (d) Breakout tanks. After October 2,
in other areas where it is reasonable to 2000, when you install a tank bottom
foresee fault currents or an unusual lining in an aboveground breakout
risk of lightning, you must protect the tank built to API Specification 12F,
pipeline against damage from fault API Standard 620, or API Standard 650
currents or lightning and take protec- (or its predecessor Standard 12C), you
tive measures at insulating devices. must install the lining in accordance
with API Recommended Practice 652.
§ 195.577 What must I do to alleviate However, installation of the lining
interference currents? need not comply with API Rec-
(a) For pipelines exposed to stray ommended Practice 652 on any tank for
currents, you must have a program to which you note in the corrosion con-
identify, test for, and minimize the trol procedures established under
detrimental effects of such currents. § 195.402(c)(3) why compliance with all

(b) You must design and install each or certain provisions of API Rec-
impressed current or galvanic anode ommended Practice 652 is not nec-
system to minimize any adverse effects essary for the safety of the tank.
600
§ 195.581 Which pipelines must I pro- place the pipe. However, you need not
tect against atmospheric corrosion replace the pipe if you—
and what coating material may I (1) Reduce the maximum operating
use? pressure commensurate with the
(a) You must clean and coat each strength of the pipe needed for service-
pipeline or portion of pipeline that is ability based on actual remaining wall
exposed to the atmosphere, except thickness; or
pipelines under paragraph (c) of this (2) Repair the pipe by a method that
section. reliable engineering tests and analyses
(b) Coating material must be suitable show can permanently restore the serv-
for the prevention of atmospheric cor- iceability of the pipe.
rosion. (b) Localized corrosion pitting. If you
(c) Except portions of pipelines in off- find pipe that has localized corrosion
shore splash zones or soil-to-air inter- pitting to a degree that leakage might
faces, you need not protect against at- result, you must replace or repair the
mospheric corrosion any pipeline for pipe, unless you reduce the maximum
which you demonstrate by test, inves- operating pressure commensurate with
tigation, or experience appropriate to the strength of the pipe based on ac-
the environment of the pipeline that tual remaining wall thickness in the
corrosion will— pits.
(1) Only be a light surface oxide; or
§ 195.587 What methods are available
(2) Not affect the safe operation of to determine the strength of cor-
the pipeline before the next scheduled roded pipe?
inspection.
Under § 195.585, you may use the pro-
§ 195.583 What must I do to monitor at- cedure in ASME B31G, ‘‘Manual for De-
mospheric corrosion control? termining the Remaining Strength of
Corroded Pipelines,’’ or the procedure
(a) You must inspect each pipeline or
developed by AGA/Battelle, ‘‘A Modi-
portion of pipeline that is exposed to
fied Criterion for Evaluating the Re-
the atmosphere for evidence of atmos-
maining Strength of Corroded Pipe
pheric corrosion, as follows:
(with RSTRENG disk),’’ to determine
If the pipeline is Then the frequency of in- the strength of corroded pipe based on
located: spection is: actual remaining wall thickness. These
Onshore ................................. At least once every 3 cal- procedures apply to corroded regions
endar years, but with inter- that do not penetrate the pipe wall,
vals not exceeding 39 subject to the limitations set out in
months.
Offshore ................................. At least once each calendar
the respective procedures.
year, but with intervals not
exceeding 15 months. § 195.588 What standards apply to di-
rect assessment?
(b) During inspections you must give (a) If you use direct assessment on an
particular attention to pipe at soil-to- onshore pipeline to evaluate the effects
air interfaces, under thermal insula- of external corrosion, you must follow
tion, under disbonded coatings, at pipe the requirements of this section for
supports, in splash zones, at deck pene- performing external corrosion direct
trations, and in spans over water. assessment. This section does not
(c) If you find atmospheric corrosion apply to methods associated with di-
during an inspection, you must provide rect assessment, such as close interval
protection against the corrosion as re- surveys, voltage gradient surveys, or
quired by § 195.581. examination of exposed pipelines, when
used separately from the direct assess-
§ 195.585 What must I do to correct ment process.
corroded pipe? (b) The requirements for performing
(a) General corrosion. If you find pipe external corrosion direct assessment
so generally corroded that the remain- are as follows:

ing wall thickness is less than that re- (1) General. You must follow the re-
quired for the maximum operating quirements of NACE SP0502 (incor-
pressure of the pipeline, you must re- porated by reference, see § 195.3). Also,
601
§ 195.588 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
you must develop and implement a Ex- (iv) Criteria for scheduling exca-
ternal Corrosion Direct Assessment vations of indications in each urgency
(ECDA) plan that includes procedures level.
addressing pre-assessment, indirect ex- (4) Direct examination. In addition to
amination, direct examination, and the requirements in Section 5 of NACE
post-assessment. SP0502 (incorporated by reference, see
(2) Pre-assessment. In addition to the § 195.3), the procedures for direct exam-
requirements in Section 3 of NACE ination of indications from the indirect
SP0502 (incorporated by reference, see examination must include—
§ 195.3), the ECDA plan procedures for
(i) Provisions for applying more re-
pre-assessment must include—
strictive criteria when conducting
(i) Provisions for applying more re-
strictive criteria when conducting ECDA for the first time on a pipeline
ECDA for the first time on a pipeline segment;
segment; (ii) Criteria for deciding what action
(ii) The basis on which you select at should be taken if either:
least two different, but complemen- (A) Corrosion defects are discovered
tary, indirect assessment tools to as- that exceed allowable limits (Section
sess each ECDA region; and 5.5.2.2 of NACE SP0502 (incorporated by
(iii) If you utilize an indirect inspec- reference, see § 195.3) provides guidance
tion method not described in Appendix for criteria); or
A of NACE SP0502 (incorporated by ref- (B) Root cause analysis reveals con-
erence, see § 195.3), you must dem- ditions for which ECDA is not suitable
onstrate the applicability, validation (Section 5.6.2 of NACE SP0502 (incor-
basis, equipment used, application pro- porated by reference, see § 195.3) pro-
cedure, and utilization of data for the vides guidance for criteria);
inspection method. (iii) Criteria and notification proce-
(3) Indirect examination. In addition to dures for any changes in the ECDA
the requirements in Section 4 of NACE
plan, including changes that affect the
SP0502 (incorporated by reference, see
severity classification, the priority of
§ 195.3), the procedures for indirect ex-
amination of the ECDA regions must direct examination, and the time frame
include— for direct examination of indications;
(i) Provisions for applying more re- and
strictive criteria when conducting (iv) Criteria that describe how and on
ECDA for the first time on a pipeline what basis you will reclassify and re-
segment; prioritize any of the provisions speci-
(ii) Criteria for identifying and docu- fied in Section 5.9 of NACE SP0502 (in-
menting those indications that must be corporated by reference, see § 195.3).
considered for excavation and direct (5) Post assessment and continuing
examination, including at least the fol- evaluation. In addition to the require-
lowing: ments in Section 6 of NACE SP 0502
(A) The known sensitivities of assess- (incorporated by reference, see § 195.3),
ment tools; the procedures for post assessment of
(B) The procedures for using each the effectiveness of the ECDA process
tool; and must include—
(C) The approach to be used for de- (i) Measures for evaluating the long-
creasing the physical spacing of indi- term effectiveness of ECDA in address-
rect assessment tool readings when the ing external corrosion in pipeline seg-
presence of a defect is suspected;
ments; and
(iii) For each indication identified
during the indirect examination, cri- (ii) Criteria for evaluating whether
teria for— conditions discovered by direct exam-
(A) Defining the urgency of exca- ination of indications in each ECDA re-
vation and direct examination of the gion indicate a need for reassessment
indication; and of the pipeline segment at an interval

(B) Defining the excavation urgency less than that specified in Sections 6.2
as immediate, scheduled, or monitored; and 6.3 of NACE SP0502 (see appendix D
and
602
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin., DOT Pt. 195, App. A
of NACE SP0502) (incorporated by ref- clusive Federal regulation and enforcement

erence, see § 195.3). the ‘‘interstate pipeline facilities,’’ those
used for the pipeline transportation of haz-
[Amdt. 195–85, 70 FR 61576, Oct. 25, 2005, as ardous liquids in interstate or foreign com-
amended by Amdt. 195–94, 75 FR 48607, Aug. merce. For the remainder of the pipeline fa-
11, 2010] cilities, denominated ‘‘intrastate pipeline fa-
cilities,’’ the HLPSA provides that the same
§ 195.589 What corrosion control infor- Federal regulation and enforcement will
mation do I have to maintain? apply unless a State certifies that it will as-
(a) You must maintain current sume those responsibilities. A certified State
records or maps to show the location must adopt the same minimal standards but
of— may adopt additional more stringent stand-
(1) Cathodically protected pipelines; ards so long as they are compatible. There-
fore, in States which participate in the haz-
(2) Cathodic protection facilities, in-
ardous liquid pipeline safety program
cluding galvanic anodes, installed after through certification, it is necessary to dis-
January 28, 2002; and tinguish the interstate from the intrastate
(3) Neighboring structures bonded to pipeline facilities.
cathodic protection systems. In deciding that an administratively prac-
(b) Records or maps showing a stated tical approach was necessary in distin-
number of anodes, installed in a stated guishing between interstate and intrastate
manner or spacing, need not show spe- liquid pipeline facilities and in determining
cific distances to each buried anode. how best to accomplish this, DOT has logi-
(c) You must maintain a record of cally examined the approach used in the
NGPSA. The NGPSA defines the interstate
each analysis, check, demonstration, gas pipeline facilities subject to exclusive
examination, inspection, investigation, Federal jurisdiction as those subject to the
review, survey, and test required by economic regulatory jurisdiction of the Fed-
this subpart in sufficient detail to dem- eral Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC).
onstrate the adequacy of corrosion con- Experience has proven this approach prac-
trol measures or that corrosion requir- tical. Unlike the NGPSA however, the
ing control measures does not exist. HLPSA has no specific reference to FERC ju-
You must retain these records for at risdiction, but instead defines interstate liq-
uid pipeline facilities by the more commonly
least 5 years, except that records re- used means of specifying the end points of
lated to §§ 195.569, 195.573(a) and (b), and the transportation involved. For example,
195.579(b)(3) and (c) must be retained the economic regulatory jurisdiction of
for as long as the pipeline remains in FERC over the transportation of both gas
service. and liquids by pipeline is defined in much the
same way. In implementing the HLPSA DOT
APPENDIX A TO PART 195—DELINEATION has sought a practicable means of distin-
BETWEEN FEDERAL AND STATE JU- guishing between interstate and intrastate
RISDICTION—STATEMENT OF AGENCY pipeline facilities that provide the requisite
POLICY AND INTERPRETATION degree of certainty to Federal and State en-
forcement personnel and to the regulated en-
In 1979, Congress enacted comprehensive tities. DOT intends that this statement of
safety legislation governing the transpor- agency policy and interpretation provide
tation of hazardous liquids by pipeline, the that certainty.
Hazardous Liquids Pipeline Safety Act of In 1981, DOT decided that the inventory of
1979, 49 U.S.C. 2001 et seq. (HLPSA). The liquid pipeline facilities identified as subject
HLPSA expanded the existing statutory au- to the jurisdiction of FERC approximates
thority for safety regulation, which was lim- the HLPSA category of ‘‘interstate pipeline
ited to transportation by common carriers in facilities.’’ Administrative use of the FERC
interstate and foreign commerce, to trans- inventory has the added benefit of avoiding
portation through facilities used in or affect- the creation of a separate Federal scheme for
ing interstate or foreign commerce. It also determination of jurisdiction over the same
added civil penalty, compliance order, and regulated entities. DOT recognizes that the
injunctive enforcement authorities to the FERC inventory is only an approximation
existing criminal sanctions. Modeled largely and may not be totally satisfactory without
on the Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of some modification. The difficulties stem
1968, 49 U.S.C. 1671 et seq. (NGPSA), the from some significant differences in the eco-
HLPSA provides for a national hazardous nomic regulation of liquid and of natural gas
liquid pipeline safety program with nation- pipelines. There is an affirmative assertion
ally uniform minimal standards and with en- of jurisdiction by FERC over natural gas
forcement administered through a Federal- pipelines through the issuance of certificates
State partnership. The HLPSA leaves to ex- of public convenience and necessity prior to
603
Pt. 195, App. A 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
commencing operations. With liquid pipe- with FERC for transportation from ‘‘Point
lines, there is only a rebuttable presumption A’’ to ‘‘Point B’’ as well as for transpor-
of jurisdiction created by the filing by pipe- tation from ‘‘Point C’’ to ‘‘Point D.’’ DOT
line operators of tariffs (or concurrences) for will ignore filing for the line from ‘‘Point A’’
movement of liquids through existing facili- to ‘‘Point B’’ and consider the line to be
ties. Although FERC does police the filings intrastate.
for such matters as compliance with the gen- Example 2. Same as in example 1 except
eral duties of common carriers, the question that P does not file any tariffs with FERC.
of jurisdiction is normally only aired upon DOT will assume jurisdiction of the line be-
complaint. While any person, including tween ‘‘Point C’’ and ‘‘Point D.’’
State or Federal agencies, can avail them- Example 3. Same as in example 1 except
selves of the FERC forum by use of the com- that P files its tariff for the line between
plaint process, that process has only been ‘‘Point C’’ and ‘‘Point D’’ not only with
rarely used to review jurisdictional matters FERC but also with State X. DOT will rely
(probably because of the infrequency of real on the FERC filing as indication of inter-
disputes on the issue). Where the issue has state commerce.
arisen, the reviewing body has noted the Example 4. Same as in example 1 except
need to examine various criteria primarily of that the pipeline from ‘‘Point A’’ to ‘‘Point
an economic nature. DOT believes that, in B’’ (in State X) connects with a pipeline op-
most cases, the formal FERC forum can bet- erated by another company transports liquid
ter receive and evaluate the type of informa- between ‘‘Point B’’ (in State X) and ‘‘Point
tion that is needed to make decisions of this D’’ (in State Y). DOT will rely on the FERC
nature than can DOT. filing as indication of interstate commerce.
In delineating which liquid pipeline facili- Example 5. Same as in example 1 except
ties are interstate pipeline facilities within that the line between ‘‘Point C’’ and ‘‘Point
the meaning of the HLPSA, DOT will gen- D’’ has a lateral line connected to it. The
erally rely on the FERC filings; that is, if lateral is located entirely with State X. DOT
will rely on the existence or non-existence of
there is a tariff or concurrence filed with
a FERC filing covering transportation over
FERC governing the transportation of haz-
that lateral as determinative of interstate
ardous liquids over a pipeline facility or if
commerce.
there has been an exemption from the obliga-
Example 6. Same as in example 1 except
tion to file tariffs obtained from FERC, then
that the certified agency in State X has
DOT will, as a general rule, consider the fa-
brought an enforcement action (under the
cility to be an interstate pipeline facility
pipeline safety laws) against P because of its
within the meaning of the HLPSA. The types
operation of the line between ‘‘Point A’’ and
of situations in which DOT will ignore the ‘‘Point B’’. P has successfully defended
existence or non-existence of a filing with against the action on jurisdictional grounds.
FERC will be limited to those cases in which DOT will assume jurisdiction if necessary to
it appears obvious that a complaint filed avoid the anomaly of a pipeline subject to
with FERC would be successful or in which neither State or Federal safety enforcement.
blind reliance on a FERC filing would result DOT’s assertion of jurisdiction in such a case
in a situation clearly not intended by the would be based on the gap in the state’s en-
HLPSA such as a pipeline facility not being forcement authority rather than a DOT deci-
subject to either State or Federal safety reg- sion that the pipeline is an interstate pipe-
ulation. DOT anticipates that the situations line facility.
in which there is any question about the va- Example 7. Pipeline Company P operates a
lidity of the FERC filings as a ready ref- pipeline that originates on the Outer Conti-
erence will be few and that the actual vari- nental Shelf. P does not file any tariff for
ations from reliance on those filings will be that line with FERC. DOT will consider the
rare. The following examples indicate the pipeline to be an interstate pipeline facility.
types of facilities which DOT believes are Example 8. Pipeline Company P is con-
interstate pipeline facilities subject to the structing a pipeline from ‘‘Point C’’ (in State
HLPSA despite the lack of a filing with X) to ‘‘Point D’’ (in State Y). DOT will con-
FERC and the types of facilities over which sider the pipeline to be an interstate pipeline
DOT will generally defer to the jurisdiction facility.
of a certifying state despite the existence of Example 9. Pipeline company P is con-
a filing with FERC. structing a pipeline from ‘‘Point C’’ to
Example 1. Pipeline company P operates a ‘‘Point E’’ (both in State X) but intends to
pipeline from ‘‘Point A’’ located in State X file tariffs with FERC in the transportation
to ‘‘Point B’’ (also in X). The physical facili- of hazardous liquid in interstate commerce.
ties never cross a state line and do not con- Assuming there is some connection to an
nect with any other pipeline which does interstate pipeline facility, DOT will con-
cross a state line. Pipeline company P also sider this line to be an interstate pipeline fa-
operates another pipeline between ‘‘Point C’’ cility.
in State X and ‘‘Point D’’ in an adjoining Example 10. Pipeline Company P has oper-
State Y. Pipeline company P files a tariff ated a pipeline subject to FERC economic
604
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin., DOT Pt. 195, App. B
regulation. Solely because of some statutory type of pipe or on the pipeline segment’s
economic deregulation, that pipeline is no proximity to populated or environmentally
longer regulated by FERC. DOT will con- sensitive area. Secondly, the classifications
tinue to consider that pipeline to be an must be adjusted based on the pipeline fail-
interstate pipeline facility. ure history, product transported, and the re-
As seen from the examples, the types of lease volume potential.
situations in which DOT will not defer to the Tables 2–6 give definitions of risk classi-
FERC regulatory scheme are generally clear- fication A, B, and C facilities. For the pur-
cut cases. For the remainder of the situa- poses of this rule, pipeline segments con-
tions where variation from the FERC scheme taining high risk electric resistance-welded
would require DOT to replicate the forum al- pipe (ERW pipe) and lapwelded pipe manufac-
ready provided by FERC and to consider eco- tured prior to 1970 and considered a risk clas-
nomic factors better left to that agency, sification C or B facility shall be treated as
DOT will decline to vary its reliance on the the top priority for testing because of the
FERC filings unless, of course, not doing so higher risk associated with the suscepti-
would result in situations clearly not in- bility of this pipe to longitudinal seam fail-
tended by the HLPSA. ures.
[Amdt. 195–33, 50 FR 15899, Apr. 23, 1985] In all cases, operators shall annually, at
intervals not to exceed 15 months, review
APPENDIX B TO PART 195—RISK-BASED their facilities to reassess the classification
ALTERNATIVE TO PRESSURE TESTING and shall take appropriate action within two
OLDER HAZARDOUS LIQUID AND CAR- years or operate the pipeline system at a
BON DIOXIDE PIPELINES lower pressure. Pipeline failures, changes in
the characteristics of the pipeline route, or
RISK-BASED ALTERNATIVE changes in service should all trigger a reas-
This Appendix provides guidance on how a sessment of the originally classification.
risk-based alternative to pressure testing Table 1 explains different levels of test re-
older hazardous liquid and carbon dioxide quirements depending on the inherent risk of
pipelines rule allowed by § 195.303 will work. a given pipeline segment. The overall risk
This risk-based alternative establishes test classification is determined based on the
priorities for older pipelines, not previously type of pipe involved, the facility’s location,
pressure tested, based on the inherent risk of the product transported, the relative volume
a given pipeline segment. The first step is to of flow and pipeline failure history as deter-
determine the classification based on the mined from Tables 2–6.
TABLE 1. TEST REQUIREMENTS—MAINLINE SEGMENTS OUTSIDE OF TERMINALS, STATIONS, AND TANK

FARMS
Pipeline segment Risk classification Test deadline 1 Test medium
Pre-1970 Pipeline Segments susceptible to longitu- C or B 12/7/2000 3 ............................... Water only.

dinal seam failures 2. A 12/7/2002 3 ............................... Water only.
All Other Pipeline Segments ......................................... C 12/7/2002 4 ............................... Water only.
B 12/7/2004 4 ............................... Water/Liq. 5
A Additional pressure testing not
required.
1 If operational experience indicates a history of past failures for a particular pipeline segment, failure causes (time-dependent
defects due to corrosion, construction, manufacture, or transmission problems, etc.) shall be reviewed in determining risk classi-
fication (See Table 6) and the timing of the pressure test should be accelerated.
2 All pre-1970 ERW pipeline segments may not require testing. In determining which ERW pipeline segments should be in-
cluded in this category, an operator must consider the seam-related leak history of the pipe and pipe manufacturing information
as available, which may include the pipe steel’s mechanical properties, including fracture toughness; the manufacturing process
and controls related to seam properties, including whether the ERW process was high-frequency or low-frequency, whether the
weld seam was heat treated, whether the seam was inspected, the test pressure and duration during mill hydrotest; the quality
control of the steel-making process; and other factors pertinent to seam properties and quality.
3 For those pipeline operators with extensive mileage of pre-1970 ERW pipe, any waiver requests for timing relief should be
supported by an assessment of hazards in accordance with location, product, volume, and probability of failure considerations
consistent with Tables 3, 4, 5, and 6.
4 A magnetic flux leakage or ultrasonic internal inspection survey may be utilized as an alternative to pressure testing where
leak history and operating experience do not indicate leaks caused by longitudinal cracks or seam failures.
5 Pressure tests utilizing a hydrocarbon liquid may be conducted, but only with a liquid which does not vaporize rapidly.
Using LOCATION, PRODUCT, VOLUME, factor which determines overall risk, with
and FAILURE HISTORY ‘‘Indicators’’ from the PRODUCT, VOLUME, and PROB-
Tables 3, 4, 5, and 6 respectively, the overall ABILITY OF FAILURE Indicators used to

risk classification of a given pipeline or pipe- adjust to a higher or lower overall risk clas-
line segment can be established from Table sification per the following table.
2. The LOCATION Indicator is the primary
605
Pt. 195, App. B 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
TABLE 2—RISK CLASSIFICATION

Risk classification Hazard location indicator Product/volume indicator Probability of failure indicator
A .............................................. L or M .................................... L/L .......................................... L.

B .............................................. Not A or C Risk Classification
C .............................................. H ............................................ Any ........................................ Any.
H=High M=Moderate L=Low.
NOTE: For Location, Product, Volume, and Probability of Failure Indicators, see Tables 3, 4, 5, and 6.
Table 3 is used to establish the LOCATION ciated with a pipeline facility’s location, a
Indicator used in Table 2. Based on the popu- LOCATION Indicator of H, M or L is se-
lation and environment characteristics asso- lected.
TABLE 3—LOCATION INDICATORS—PIPELINE SEGMENTS
Indicator Population 1 Environment 2
H ...................................................... Non-rural areas ............................................. Environmentally sensitive 2 areas.

M ........................................................................
L ....................................................... Rural areas .................................................... Not environmentally sensitive 2 areas.
1 The effects of potential vapor migration should be considered for pipeline segments transporting highly volatile or toxic prod-
ucts.
2 We expect operators to use their best judgment in applying this factor.
Tables 4, 5 and 6 are used to establish the product transported. The VOLUME Indicator
PRODUCT, VOLUME, and PROBABILITY is selected from Table 5 as H, M, or L based
OF FAILURE Indicators respectively, in on the nominal diameter of the pipeline. The
Table 2. The PRODUCT Indicator is selected Probability of Failure Indicator is selected
from Table 4 as H, M, or L based on the acute from Table 6.
and chronic hazards associated with the
TABLE 4—PRODUCT INDICATORS
Indicator Considerations Product examples
H ................................................................ (Highly volatile and flammable) ............... (Propane, butane, Natural Gas Liquid
(NGL), ammonia)
Highly toxic .............................................. (Benzene, high Hydrogen Sulfide con-
tent crude oils).
M ................................................................ Flammable—flashpoint <100F ................ (Gasoline, JP4, low flashpoint crude
oils).
L ................................................................. Non-flammable—flashpoint 100+F .......... (Diesel, fuel oil, kerosene, JP5, most
crude oils).
Highly volatile and non-flammable/non- Carbon Dioxide.
toxic.
Considerations: The degree of acute and Table 6 is used to establish the PROB-
chronic toxicity to humans, wildlife, and ABILITY OF FAILURE Indicator used in
aquatic life; reactivity; and, volatility, flam- Table 2. The ‘‘Probability of Failure’’ Indi-
mability, and water solubility determine the cator is selected from Table 6 as H or L.
Product Indicator. Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response, Compensation and Liabil- TABLE 6—PROBABILITY OF FAILURE INDICATORS
ity Act Reportable Quantity values can be [in each haz. location]
used as an indication of chronic toxicity. Na-
tional Fire Protection Association health Indicator Failure history (time-dependent defects) 2
factors can be used for rating acute hazards.
H 1 ................ >Three spills in last 10 years.
TABLE 5—VOLUME INDICATORS L .................. ≤Three spills in last 10 years.
H=High L=Low.
Indicator Line size 1 Pipeline segments with greater than three product spills in
the last 10 years should be reviewed for failure causes as de-

H .................. ≥18″. scribed in subnote 2. The pipeline operator should make an
M ................. 10″–16″ nominal diameters. appropriate investigation and reach a decision based on
L .................. ≤8″ nominal diameter. sound engineering judgment, and be able to demonstrate the
basis of the decision.
H=High M=Moderate L=Low.
606
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin., DOT Pt. 195, App. C
2 Time-Dependent Defects are defects that result in spills
(3) The Bureau of Transportation Statis-
due to corrosion, gouges, or problems developed during man- tics database that includes commercially
ufacture, construction or operation, etc.
navigable waterways and non-commercially
[Amdt. 195–65, 63 FR 59480, Nov. 4, 1998; 64 FR navigable waterways. The database can be
6815, Feb. 11, 1999] downloaded from the BTS website at http://
www.bts.gov/gis/ntatlas/networks.html.
B. The rule requires an operator to include
APPENDIX C TO PART 195—GUIDANCE FOR
a process in its program for identifying
IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTEGRITY which pipeline segments could affect a high
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM consequence area and to take measures to
prevent and mitigate the consequences of a
This Appendix gives guidance to help an
pipeline failure that could affect a high con-
operator implement the requirements of the
sequence area. (See §§ 195.452 (f) and (i).)
integrity management program rule in
Thus, an operator will need to consider how
§§ 195.450 and 195.452. Guidance is provided on:
each pipeline segment could affect a high
(1) Information an operator may use to consequence area. The primary source for
identify a high consequence area and factors the listed risk factors is a US DOT study on
an operator can use to consider the potential instrumented Internal Inspection devices
impacts of a release on an area; (November 1992). Other sources include the
(2) Risk factors an operator can use to de- National Transportation Safety Board, the
termine an integrity assessment schedule; Environmental Protection Agency and the
(3) Safety risk indicator tables for leak Technical Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Safety
history, volume or line size, age of pipeline, Standards Committee. The following list
and product transported, an operator may provides guidance to an operator on both the
use to determine if a pipeline segment falls mandatory and additional factors:
into a high, medium or low risk category; (1) Terrain surrounding the pipeline. An
(4) Types of internal inspection tools an operator should consider the contour of the
operator could use to find pipeline anoma- land profile and if it could allow the liquid
lies; from a release to enter a high consequence
(5) Measures an operator could use to area. An operator can get this information
measure an integrity management program’s from topographical maps such as U.S. Geo-
performance; and logical Survey quadrangle maps.
(6) Types of records an operator will have (2) Drainage systems such as small streams
to maintain. and other smaller waterways that could
(7) Types of conditions that an integrity serve as a conduit to a high consequence
assessment may identify that an operator area.
should include in its required schedule for (3) Crossing of farm tile fields. An operator
evaluation and remediation. should consider the possibility of a spillage
I. Identifying a high consequence area and in the field following the drain tile into a
factors for considering a pipeline segment’s waterway.
potential impact on a high consequence area. (4) Crossing of roadways with ditches along
A. The rule defines a High Consequence the side. The ditches could carry a spillage
Area as a high population area, an other pop- to a waterway.
ulated area, an unusually sensitive area, or a (5) The nature and characteristics of the
commercially navigable waterway. The Of- product the pipeline is transporting (refined
fice of Pipeline Safety (OPS) will map these products, crude oils, highly volatile liquids,
areas on the National Pipeline Mapping Sys- etc.) Highly volatile liquids becomes gaseous
tem (NPMS). An operator, member of the when exposed to the atmosphere. A spillage
public or other government agency may view could create a vapor cloud that could settle
and download the data from the NPMS home into the lower elevation of the ground pro-
page http://www.npms.phmsa.gov/. OPS will file.
maintain the NPMS and update it periodi- (6) Physical support of the pipeline seg-
cally. However, it is an operator’s responsi- ment such as by a cable suspension bridge.
bility to ensure that it has identified all high An operator should look for stress indicators
consequence areas that could be affected by on the pipeline (strained supports, inad-
a pipeline segment. An operator is also re- equate support at towers), atmospheric cor-
sponsible for periodically evaluating its pipe- rosion, vandalism, and other obvious signs of
line segments to look for population or envi- improper maintenance.
ronmental changes that may have occurred (7) Operating conditions of the pipeline
around the pipeline and to keep its program (pressure, flow rate, etc.). Exposure of the
current with this information. (Refer to pipeline to an operating pressure exceeding
§ 195.452(d)(3).) the established maximum operating pres-
(1) Digital Data on populated areas avail- sure.

able on U.S. Census Bureau maps. (8) The hydraulic gradient of the pipeline.
(2) Geographic Database on the commer- (9) The diameter of the pipeline, the poten-
cial navigable waterways available on http:// tial release volume, and the distance be-
www.bts.gov/gis/ntatlas/networks.html. tween the isolation points.
607
Pt. 195, App. C 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
(10) Potential physical pathways between pede access for spill response or any other
the pipeline and the high consequence area. purpose).
(11) Response capability (time to respond, (17) Physical support of the segment such
nature of response). as by a cable suspension bridge.
(12) Potential natural forces inherent in (18) Non-standard or other than recognized
the area (flood zones, earthquakes, subsid- industry practice on pipeline installation
ence areas, etc.) (e.g., horizontal directional drilling).
II. Risk factors for establishing frequency B. Example: This example illustrates a hy-
of assessment. pothetical model used to establish an integ-
A. By assigning weights or values to the rity assessment schedule for a hypothetical
risk factors, and using the risk indicator ta- pipeline segment. After we determine the
bles, an operator can determine the priority risk factors applicable to the pipeline seg-
for assessing pipeline segments, beginning ment, we then assign values or numbers to
with those segments that are of highest risk, each factor, such as, high (5), moderate (3),
that have not previously been assessed. This or low (1). We can determine an overall risk
list provides some guidance on some of the classification (A, B, C) for the segment using
risk factors to consider (see § 195.452(e)). An the risk tables and a sliding scale (values 5
operator should also develop factors specific to 1) for risk factors for which tables are not
to each pipeline segment it is assessing, in- provided. We would classify a segment as C if
cluding: it fell above 2⁄3 of maximum value (highest
(1) Populated areas, unusually sensitive en- overall risk value for any one segment when
vironmental areas, National Fish Hatcheries, compared with other segments of a pipeline),
commercially navigable waters, areas where a segment as B if it fell between 1⁄3 to 2⁄3 of
people congregate. maximum value, and the remaining seg-
(2) Results from previous testing/inspec- ments as A.
tion. (See § 195.452(h).) i. For the baseline assessment schedule, we
(3) Leak History. (See leak history risk would plan to assess 50% of all pipeline seg-
table.) ments covered by the rule, beginning with
(4) Known corrosion or condition of pipe- the highest risk segments, within the first
line. (See § 195.452(g).) 31⁄2 years and the remaining segments within
(5) Cathodic protection history. the seven-year period. For the continuing in-
(6) Type and quality of pipe coating tegrity assessments, we would plan to assess
(disbonded coating results in corrosion). the C segments within the first two (2) years
(7) Age of pipe (older pipe shows more cor- of the schedule, the segments classified as
rosion—may be uncoated or have an ineffec- moderate risk no later than year three or
tive coating) and type of pipe seam. (See Age four and the remaining lowest risk segments
of Pipe risk table.) no later than year five (5).
(8) Product transported (highly volatile, ii. For our hypothetical pipeline segment,
highly flammable and toxic liquids present a we have chosen the following risk factors
greater threat for both people and the envi- and obtained risk factor values from the ap-
ronment) (see Product transported risk propriate table. The values assigned to the
table.) risk factors are for illustration only.
(9) Pipe wall thickness (thicker walls give
a better safety margin) Age of pipeline: assume 30 years old (refer to
(10) Size of pipe (higher volume release if ‘‘Age of Pipeline’’ risk table)—
the pipe ruptures). Risk Value=5
(11) Location related to potential ground Pressure tested: tested once during
movement (e.g., seismic faults, rock quar- construction—
ries, and coal mines); climatic (permafrost Risk Value=5
causes settlement—Alaska); geologic (land- Coated: (yes/no)—yes
slides or subsidence). Coating Condition: Recent excavation of sus-
(12) Security of throughput (effects on cus- pected areas showed holidays in coating
tomers if there is failure requiring shut- (potential corrosion risk)—
down). Risk Value=5
(13) Time since the last internal inspection/ Cathodically Protected: (yes/no)—yes—Risk
pressure testing. Value=1
(14) With respect to previously discovered Date cathodic protection installed: five years
defects/anomalies, the type, growth rate, and after pipeline was constructed (Cathodic
size. protection installed within one year of the
(15) Operating stress levels in the pipeline. pipeline’s construction is generally consid-
(16) Location of the pipeline segment as it ered low risk.)—Risk Value=3
Close interval survey: (yes/no)—no—Risk
relates to the ability of the operator to de-

tect and respond to a leak. (e.g., pipelines Value =5
deep underground, or in locations that make Internal Inspection tool used: (yes/no)—yes.
leak detection difficult without specific sec- Date of pig run? In last five years—Risk
tional monitoring and/or significantly im- Value=1
608
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin., DOT Pt. 195, App. C
Anomalies found: (yes/no)—yes, but do not PRODUCT TRANSPORTED
pose an immediate safety risk or environ-
mental hazard—Risk Value=3 Safety
risk
Leak History: yes, one spill in last 10 years. Considerations 1 Product examples
indi-
(refer to ‘‘Leak History’’ risk table)—Risk cator
Value=2
High ... (Highly volatile and flam- (Propane, butane, Nat-
Product transported: Diesel fuel. Product low mable). ural Gas Liquid (NGL),
risk. (refer to ‘‘Product’’ risk table)—Risk ammonia).
Value=1 Highly toxic .................... (Benzene, high Hydro-
Pipe size: 16 inches. Size presents moderate gen Sulfide content
risk (refer to ‘‘Line Size’’ risk table)—Risk crude oils).
Me- Flammable—flashpoint (Gasoline, JP4, low
Value=3 dium. <100F. flashpoint crude oils).
iii. Overall risk value for this hypothetical Low .... Non-flammable— (Diesel, fuel oil, ker-
segment of pipe is 34. Assume we have two flashpoint 100+F. osene, JP5, most
other pipeline segments for which we con- crude oils).
duct similar risk rankings. The second pipe- 1 The degree of acute and chronic toxicity to humans, wild-
line segment has an overall risk value of 20, life, and aquatic life; reactivity; and, volatility, flammability, and
water solubility determine the Product Indicator. Comprehen-
and the third segment, 11. For the baseline sive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
assessment we would establish a schedule Reportable Quantity values may be used as an indication of
where we assess the first segment (highest chronic toxicity. National Fire Protection Association health
factors may be used for rating acute hazards.
risk segment) within two years, the second
segment within five years and the third seg- IV. Types of internal inspection tools to
ment within seven years. Similarly, for the use.
continuing integrity assessment, we could An operator should consider at least two
establish an assessment schedule where we types of internal inspection tools for the in-
assess the highest risk segment no later than tegrity assessment from the following list.
the second year, the second segment no later The type of tool or tools an operator selects
than the third year, and the third segment will depend on the results from previous in-
no later than the fifth year. ternal inspection runs, information analysis
and risk factors specific to the pipeline seg-
III. Safety risk indicator tables for leak
ment:
history, volume or line size, age of pipeline,
(1) Geometry Internal inspection tools for
and product transported. detecting changes to ovality, e.g., bends,
dents, buckles or wrinkles, due to construc-
LEAK HISTORY tion flaws or soil movement, or other outside
force damage;
Safety risk Leak history
indicator (Time-dependent defects) 1 (2) Metal Loss Tools (Ultrasonic and Mag-
netic Flux Leakage) for determining pipe
High .......................... > 3 Spills in last 10 years wall anomalies, e.g., wall loss due to corro-
Low ........................... < 3 Spills in last 10 years sion.
1 Time-dependent defects are those that result in spills due
(3) Crack Detection Tools for detecting
to corrosion, gouges, or problems developed during manufac- cracks and crack-like features, e.g., stress
ture, construction or operation, etc. corrosion cracking (SCC), fatigue cracks,
narrow axial corrosion, toe cracks, hook
LINE SIZE OR VOLUME TRANSPORTED cracks, etc.
V. Methods to measure performance.
Safety risk A. General. (1) This guidance is to help an
Line size
indicator operator establish measures to evaluate the
High .......................... ≥ 18′
effectiveness of its integrity management
Moderate .................. 10′—16′ nominal diameters program. The performance measures re-
Low ........................... ≤ 8′ nominal diameter quired will depend on the details of each in-
tegrity management program and will be
based on an understanding and analysis of
AGE OF PIPELINE the failure mechanisms or threats to integ-
rity of each pipeline segment.
Safety risk Age Pipeline condition (2) An operator should select a set of meas-
indicator dependent) 1
urements to judge how well its program is
High .......................... > 25 years performing. An operator’s objectives for its
Low ........................... < 25 years program are to ensure public safety, prevent
or minimize leaks and spills and prevent
1 Depends on pipeline’s coating & corrosion condition, and
property and environmental damage. A typ-
steel quality, toughness, welding.

ical integrity management program will be
an ongoing program and it may contain
many elements. Therefore, several perform-
ance measure are likely to be needed to
609
Pt. 195, App. C 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)
measure the effectiveness of an ongoing pro- and quantitative, to an operator’s integrity
gram. management program prepared periodically.
B. Performance measures. These measures (6) A performance measure based on inter-
show how a program to control risk on pipe- nal audits of the operator’s pipeline system
line segments that could affect a high con- per 49 CFR Part 195.
sequence area is progressing under the integ- (7) A performance measure based on exter-
rity management requirements. Perform- nal audits of the operator’s pipeline system
ance measures generally fall into three cat- per 49 CFR Part 195.
egories: (8) A performance measure based on oper-
(1) Selected Activity Measures—Measures ational events (for example: relief occur-
that monitor the surveillance and preventive rences, unplanned valve closure, SCADA out-
activities the operator has implemented. ages, etc.) that have the potential to ad-
These measure indicate how well an operator versely affect pipeline integrity.
is implementing the various elements of its (9) A performance measure to demonstrate
integrity management program. that the operator’s integrity management
(2) Deterioration Measures—Operation and program reduces risk over time with a focus
maintenance trends that indicate when the on high risk items.
integrity of the system is weakening despite (10) A performance measure to dem-
preventive measures. This category of per- onstrate that the operator’s integrity man-
formance measure may indicate that the sys- agement program for pipeline stations and
tem condition is deteriorating despite well terminals reduces risk over time with a
executed preventive activities. focus on high risk items.
(3) Failure Measures—Leak History, inci-
VI. Examples of types of records an oper-
dent response, product loss, etc. These meas-
ator must maintain.
ures will indicate progress towards fewer
The rule requires an operator to maintain
spills and less damage.
C. Internal vs. External Comparisons. These certain records. (See § 195.452(l)). This section
comparisons show how a pipeline segment provides examples of some records that an
that could affect a high consequence area is operator would have to maintain for inspec-
progressing in comparison to the operator’s tion to comply with the requirement. This is
other pipeline segments that are not covered not an exhaustive list.
by the integrity management requirements (1) a process for identifying which pipelines
and how that pipeline segment compares to could affect a high consequence area and a
other operators’ pipeline segments. document identifying all pipeline segments
(1) Internal—Comparing data from the that could affect a high consequence area;
pipeline segment that could affect the high (2) a plan for baseline assessment of the
consequence area with data from pipeline line pipe that includes each required plan
segments in other areas of the system may element;
indicate the effects from the attention given (3) modifications to the baseline plan and
to the high consequence area. reasons for the modification;
(2) External—Comparing data external to (4) use of and support for an alternative
the pipeline segment (e.g., OPS incident practice;
data) may provide measures on the fre- (5) a framework addressing each required
quency and size of leaks in relation to other element of the integrity management pro-
companies. gram, updates and changes to the initial
D. Examples. Some examples of perform- framework and eventual program;
ance measures an operator could use in- (6) a process for identifying a new high
clude— consequence area and incorporating it into
(1) A performance measurement goal to re- the baseline plan, particularly, a process for
duce the total volume from unintended re- identifying population changes around a
leases by -% (percent to be determined by op- pipeline segment;
erator) with an ultimate goal of zero. (7) an explanation of methods selected to
(2) A performance measurement goal to reassess the integrity of line pipe;
duce the total number of unintended releases (8) a process for review of integrity assess-
(based on a threshold of 5 gallons) by ll-% ment results and data analysis by a person
(percent to be determined by operator) with qualified to evaluate the results and data;
an ultimate goal of zero. (9) the process and risk factors for deter-
(3) A performance measurement goal to mining the baseline assessment interval;
document the percentage of integrity man- (10) results of the baseline integrity assess-
agement activities completed during the cal- ment;
endar year. (11) the process used for continual evalua-
(4) A performance measurement goal to tion, and risk factors used for determining
the frequency of evaluation;
track and evaluate the effectiveness of the

operator’s community outreach activities. (12) process for integrating and analyzing
(5) A narrative description of pipeline sys- information about the integrity of a pipe-
tem integrity, including a summary of per- line, information and data used for the infor-
formance improvements, both qualitative mation analysis;
610
(13) results of the information analyses and Subpart B—Grant Allocation
periodic evaluations;
(14) the process and risk factors for estab- 198.11 Grant authority.
lishing continual re-assessment intervals; 198.13 Grant allocation formula.
(15) justification to support any variance
from the required re-assessment intervals; Subpart C—Adoption of One-Call Damage
(16) integrity assessment results and anom- Prevention Program
alies found, process for evaluating and reme-
198.31 Scope.
diating anomalies, criteria for remedial ac-
198.33 [Reserved]
tions and actions taken to evaluate and re-
198.35 Grants conditioned on adoption of
mediate the anomalies;
one-call damage prevention program.
(17) other remedial actions planned or 198.37 State one-call damage prevention
taken; program.
(18) schedule for evaluation and remedi- 198.39 Qualifications for operation of one-
ation of anomalies, justification to support call notification system.
deviation from required remediation times;
(19) risk analysis used to identify addi- AUTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 60105, 60106, 60114; and
tional preventive or mitigative measures, 49 CFR 1.53.
records of preventive and mitigative actions SOURCE: 55 FR 38691, Sept. 20, 1990, unless
planned or taken; otherwise noted.
(20) criteria for determining EFRD instal-
lation;
(21) criteria for evaluating and modifying Subpart A—General
leak detection capability;
§ 198.1 Scope.
(22) methods used to measure the pro-
gram’s effectiveness. This part prescribes regulations gov-
VII. Conditions that may impair a pipe- erning grants-in-aid for State pipeline
line’s integrity. safety compliance programs.
Section 195.452(h) requires an operator to
evaluate and remediate all pipeline integrity § 198.3 Definitions.
issues raised by the integrity assessment or
information analysis. An operator must de-
As used in this part:
velop a schedule that prioritizes conditions Administrator means the Adminis-
discovered on the pipeline for evaluation and trator, Pipeline and Hazardous Mate-
remediation. The following are some exam- rials Safety Administration or his or
ples of conditions that an operator should her delegate.
schedule for evaluation and remediation. Adopt means establish under State
A. Any change since the previous assess- law by statute, regulation, license, cer-
ment. tification, order, or any combination of
B. Mechanical damage that is located on these legal means.
the top side of the pipe.
Excavation activity means an exca-
C. An anomaly abrupt in nature.
vation activity defined in § 192.614(a) of
D. An anomaly longitudinal in orientation.
this chapter, other than a specific ac-
E. An anomaly over a large area.
tivity the State determines would not
F. An anomaly located in or near a casing,
a crossing of another pipeline, or an area
be expected to cause physical damage
with suspect cathodic protection. to underground facilities.
Excavator means any person intend-
[Amdt. 195–70, 65 FR 75409, Dec. 1, 2000, as ing to engage in an excavation activ-
amended by Amdt. 195–74, 67 FR 1661, Jan. 14,
ity.
2002; Amdt. 195–94, 75 FR 48608, Aug. 11, 2010]
One-call notification system means a
communication system that qualifies
PARTS 196–197 [RESERVED] under this part and the one-call dam-
age prevention program of the State
PART 198—REGULATIONS FOR concerned in which an operational cen-
GRANTS TO AID STATE PIPELINE ter receives notices from excavators of
SAFETY PROGRAMS intended excavation activities and
transmits the notices to operators of
Subpart A—General underground pipeline facilities and
other underground facilities that par-

Sec. ticipate in the system.
198.1 Scope. Person means any individual, firm,
198.3 Definitions. joint venture, partnership, corporation,
611

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Pt. 195 49 CFR Ch.

Major rivers Nearest town and state Subpart C—Design Requirements

195.63 OMB control number assigned to in- entry, normal/emergency venting or

Subpart E—Pressure Testing Subpart H—Corrosion Control

AUTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 5103, 60102, 60104,

Production facility means piping or liquid pipeline release, as identified

a drinking water or ecological resource ibrllocations.html. These materials

A. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI):

14:56 Jan 03, 2012

tion, September 2007).

C. ASME International (ASME):

14:56 Jan 03, 2012

(3) A migratory waterbird concentra- permeable and vulnerable. The only

Community Water System (CWS) means 6 to 20 occurrences, or few remaining

nity (habitat) means a rare species or ues, productivity, or diversity; and

Sole source aquifer (SSA) means an serves a transient population found at

paragraph (b) of this section. cation program in compliance with

in paragraph (b)(1) of this section and responding to:

the requirements of Subpart H before abandon or shut-down the pipeline as a

information to be reported for each age to the property of the operator or

ator; (a) Each operator that experiences an

tration, Department of Transportation,

§ 195.59 Abandonment or deactivation (b) [Reserved]

(1) An operator must notify PHMSA erence an edition of a document listed

that sets forth the chemical require- gineering design.

compatible with the pipe or fittings to § 195.120 Passage of internal inspec-

§ 195.122 Fabricated branch connec- (2) Welded, low-pressure (i.e., inter-

§ 195.202 Compliance with specifica- § 195.206 Material inspection.

and reconstruction must be in accord- ing, or any industrial building or place

(305 millimeters) of cover in addition to § 195.216 Welding: Miter joints.

ever the procedure is used. inspected to insure compliance with

of procedures for nondestructive test- ditch.

Cover inches (millimeters)

Industrial, commercial, and residential areas ............................................................................... 36 (914) 30 (762)

§ 195.254 Above ground components. (e) On each side of a water crossing

(d) On each lateral takeoff from a venting or pressure/vacuum relief

event of spillage or failure of an above- § 195.3) must be in accordance with sec-

(3) Pressure-relieving and emergency ator may operate a pipeline unless it

duration during mill hydrotest; the be maintained throughout the part of

to service after October 2, 2000, the ne- Subpart F—Operation and

[Amdt. 195–34, 50 FR 34474, Aug. 26, 1985, as

(5) A low-stress pipeline on which ance with each of the requirements of

ment and controls. emergencies and coordinating with

emergency involving a pipeline system uid or carbon dioxide and to minimize

controls and protective equipment to ters at least 1 inch (25 millimeters)

ardous liquid transported) Pipeline’’, or inches (114mm) nominal outside diame-

its inlets in waters less than 15 feet (4.6 §§ 195.414–195.418 [Reserved]

justify the delay. imum operating pressure; or

exceeding 5 years. tank bottom, the bottom integrity

pipeline from excavation activities. tified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section

which the pipeline is located. § 195.446 Control room management.

(c) Provide adequate information. Each cility.

by a State, to the appropriate State (4) An unusually sensitive area, as de-

tains a concentrated population, such the second column:

Pipeline Date The methods an operator selects to as-

Category 1 ................................ March 31, 2008 ................................................ September 30, 2004.

umn, if the integrity assessment meth-

matic); all available information about the in-

Pipeline Research Committee Project (2) Risk analysis criteria. In identi-

(b) For the purpose of this subpart, a dividual’s performance of a covered

observed by an individual that is quali- (a) Operators must have a written

state agency participating under 49 analyzed to identify locations where a

post assessment evaluation. of the buried or submerged pipeline;