YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

2016
j¾Ih i|yd

YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a uKav,h úiska

.re uqo,a weu;s fj; bÈßm;a
lrkq ,nk

jd¾Isl jd¾;dj
msgm;l ñ,
uy nexl= ljqkagrfhka ñ,° .ekSfï ° - msgm;l ñ, remsh,a 500 hs'
idudkH ;emEf,ka tùug - msgm;l ñ, remsh,a 750 hs'
,shdm†xÑ ;emEf,ka tùug - msgm;l ñ, remsh,a 775 hs'

tf;r ñ,
.=jka ;emEf,ka ^m<uqjeks mka;sh& tùug - msgm;l ñ, t'c'fvd,r® 40 hs ^,s'm';e'&
.=jka ;emEf,ka ^fojeks mka;sh& tùug - msgm;l ñ, t'c'fvd,r® 35 hs ^,s'm';e'&
uqyq≥ ;emEf,ka - msgm;l ñ, t'c'fvd,r® 25 hs ^,s'm';e'&

ISBN 978 -955 - 575 - 343 - 2

ISSN 1391 - 359X

fld<U 12" idka; nia;shu lkao" wxl 20 ork ia:dkfha msysá iSudiys; weï'ã'.=Kfiak uqøKlrefjda iy ^mqoa.,sl& iud.u úiska
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Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j

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2017 wfm%a,a 19

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tï' wdr®' tï' wfír;ak - w;sfr®l wOHlaI

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ã' tï' ã' î' †idkdhl - w;sfr®l wOHlaI

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ã' tA' „' fla' úf–;=x. - wOHlaI
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nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j

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wdr®' ã' ví' m,af,a.u - w;sfr®l wOHlaI
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foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j

mS' ví' ã' tka' wdr®' frdøsf.da - wOHlaI
iS' ta' wfíisxy - w;sfr®l wOHlaI

wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j

fla' tï' tï' is˙jr®Ok - wOHlaI
jhs' tï' bkaør;ak ñh - w;sfr®l wOHlaI
ví' ta' †,arelaIskS ñh - w;sfr®l wOHlaI
iS' wurfialr - w;sfr®l wOHlaI

fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j

fla' tka' tka' tï' nKavdr ñh - wêld˙
ta' „' hQ' ;s,lr;ak - w;sfr®l wêld˙
f–' ã' tia' f–' kdkdhlaldr - w;sfr®l wêld˙

úksuh md,k fomdr®;fïka;=j

à' tï' f–' jhs' mS' m%kdka≥ ñh - úksuh md,l
î' t,a' f–' tia' nd,iQ˙h - w;sfr®l úksuh md,l
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cd;Hka;r fufyhqï lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j

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f–' mS' .u,;a - w;sfr®l wOHlaI

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idr®j úplaIK;d wOHhk fomdr®;fïka;=j

tka' ví' „' wdr®' ã' kdkdhlaldr - wOHlaI
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f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j

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m%;sm;a;s iudf,dapk iy ks¯laIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
ta' tï' tka' .=Kjr®Ok - wOHlaI
tia' wdr®' iqukfialr - w;sfr®l wOHlaI

rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j
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ã' ù' tia' ohdjxY ñh - wOHlaI
ta' tï' wdr®' fla' w;a;kdhl - w;sfr®l wOHlaI
tï' tia' fla' Or®ujr®Ok - w;sfr®l wOHlaI
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m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd, l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j

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wdr®' î' ùrisxy ñh - wOHlaI
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1'2 2016 jifr® idr®j wdr®:ßl jr®Okhka" ia:dhS;dj iy m%;sm;a;suh m%;spdr ''' ''' 2
uQr®; wxYfha jr®Okhka iy WoaOukh ''' ''' ''' ''' 2
úfoaYSh wxYfha jr®Okhka ''' ''' ''' ''' 9
rdcH uQ,H wxYfha jr®Okhka ''' ''' ''' ''' 12
uqo,a wxYfha jr®Okhka ''' ''' ''' ''' 14
uQ,H wxYfha jr®Okhka ''' ''' ''' ''' 17
1'3 f.da,Sh wdr®:ßl m˙irh iy b†˙ oelau ''' ''' ''' ''' 19
1'4 uOHld,Sk idr®j wdr®:ßl oelau ''' ''' ''' ''' 21
1'5 .egÆ iy m%;sm;a;s ''' ''' ''' ''' 28

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2'3
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2'4
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lDIsldr®ñl ksIamdok or®Ylh ''' ''' ''' ''' 51
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m;,a yd leӕ ''' ''' ''' ''' 66
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lr®udka;Yd,d ksIamdok or®Ylh ''' ''' ''' ''' 67
ldr®ñl m%;sm;a;s iy wdh;ksl iydh ''' ''' ''' 77
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b†ls¯ï ''' ''' ''' ''' 80
fiajd ''' ''' ''' ''' 80
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m%jdykh iy .nvd myiqlï ''' ''' ''' ''' 81
kjd;eka iy wdydrmdk iemhSfï fiajdjka ''' ''' ''' 81
 f;dr;=re iy ikaksfõokh ''' ''' ''' ''' 82
uQ,H" rCIKh iy ksjdi whs;sh yd foam< fj<`∞u ''' ''' ''' 82
jD;a;Shuh fiajdjka iy fjk;a fm!oa.,sl fiajdjka ''' ''' ''' 82
rdcH m˙md,kh" cd;sl wdrCIdj" wOHdmkh" fi!LHh yd iudc fiajdjka ''' 82
2'5 úhou ''' ''' ''' ''' 83
m˙fNdackh ''' ''' ''' ''' 83
wdfhdack ''' ''' ''' ''' 90
mj;akd iïm;a iy Wmfhdackh ''' ''' ''' ''' 91
b;=reï ''' ''' ''' ''' 93
2'6 wd∞hu ''' ''' ''' ''' 93

3' wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï

3'1 iuia; ks¯laIK ''' ''' ''' ''' 95
3'2 wdr®:ßl há;, myiqlï m%;sm;a;s" wdh;ksl rduqj iy l%shdld˙;ajh ''' ''' 98
m◊jqv yqjudre fiajd ''' ''' ''' ''' 98
Lksc f;,a ''' ''' ''' ''' 100
ú≥,sn,h ''' ''' ''' ''' 103
udr®. ixjr®Okh ''' ''' ''' ''' 107
udr®.ia: u.S m%jdykh ''' ''' ''' ''' 108
≥ï˙h m%jdykh ''' ''' ''' ''' 110
isú,a .=jka fiajh ''' ''' ''' ''' 111
jrdh fiajd ''' ''' ''' ''' 113
c, iïmdokh yd jd˙udr®. ''' ''' ''' ''' 115
3'3 iudc há;, myiqlï ms<sn| m%;sm;a;s" wdh;ksl rduqj iy l%shdld˙;ajh ''' ''' 116
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4'2 ñ, ''' ''' ''' ''' 129
ñ, úp,k iy ta i|yd ∞hl jQ idOl ''' ''' ''' ''' 129
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fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh ^fld'md'ñ'o'& ''' ''' ''' 130
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wdydr fkdjk iy wfkl=;a ldKavj, ñ, úp,k ''' ''' ''' 133
uQ,sl WoaOukh ''' ''' ''' ''' 134
ksIamdolhdf.a ñ, or®Ylh ^ks'ñ'o'& ''' ''' ''' ''' 135
o< foaYSh ksIamd†;fha wjOuklh ''' ''' ''' ''' 135
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fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jegqma ''' ''' ''' ''' 139
4'4 ck.ykh" Y%u n,ldh iy fiajd kshqla;sh ''' ''' ''' ''' 139
ck.ykh ''' ''' ''' ''' 139
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fiajd úhqla;sh ''' ''' ''' ''' 142
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Y%u M,∞hs;dj ''' ''' ''' ''' 146

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5'2 úfoaY fj<| m%;sm;a;"s jr®Okhka iy wdh;ksl iydh ''' ''' ''' 151
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wmkhk l%shdld˙;ajh ''' ''' ''' ''' 157
wdkhk l%shdld˙;ajh ''' ''' ''' ''' 165
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5'4 cx.u iy m%d.aOk .sKqu ''' ''' ''' ''' 171
fiajd fj<πu ''' ''' ''' ''' 171
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úfoaY .uka iy ixpdrl fiajd ''' ''' ''' ''' 173
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m%d:ñl wd∞hu ''' ''' ''' ''' 177
oaú;Shsl wd∞hu ''' ''' ''' ''' 177
5'5 cx.u .sKqfï fYaIh ''' ''' ''' ''' 178
5'6 m%d.aOk .sKqfï fYaIh ''' ''' ''' ''' 178
5'7 uQ,H .sKqu ''' ''' ''' ''' 178
iDcq wdfhdack ''' ''' ''' ''' 179
úúO wdfhdack ''' ''' ''' ''' 180
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Kh iq/l=ïm;a ''' ''' ''' ''' 180
fjk;a wdfhdack ''' ''' ''' ''' 180
uqo,a iy ;ekam;= ''' ''' ''' ''' 180
úfoaYSh Kh ''' ''' ''' ''' 181
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úfoaYSh ixÑ; j;alï ''' ''' ''' ''' 183
5'8 iuia; fYaIh ''' ''' ''' ''' 183
5'9 wka;r®cd;sl wdfhdack ;;a;ajh ''' ''' ''' ''' 183
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úúO wdfhdack ;;a;ajh ''' ''' ''' ''' 185
wfkl=;a wdfhdack ;;a;ajh ''' ''' ''' ''' 185
uqo,a iy ;ekam;= ''' ''' ''' ''' 185
úfoaYSh Kh ''' ''' ''' ''' 185
fj<| Kh iy w;a;sldrï ''' ''' ''' ''' 185
wfkl=;a ,eìh hq;=$f.úh hq;= .sKqï iy úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï ''' ''' 186
úfoaYSh ixÑ; j;alï ;;a;ajh ''' ''' ''' ''' 186
5'10 úfoaYh
S Kh iy Kh fiajdlrKh ''' ''' ''' ''' 187
úfoaYSh Kh ''' ''' ''' ''' 187
úfoaYSh Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï ''' ''' ''' ''' 188
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kdñl iy uQr®; iM, úksuh wkqmd;sl ''' ''' ''' ''' 190
foaYSh úfoaY úksuh fj<|fmd< jr®Okhka ''' ''' ''' 191

6' rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yd rdcH uQ,H lghq;=

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6'2 rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s †Ydj yd l%shdudr®. ''' ''' ''' ''' 200
6'3 rcfha whjeh lghq;= ''' ''' ''' ''' 213
wd∞hu iy m%odk ''' ''' ''' ''' 213
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m%odk ''' ''' ''' ''' 216
úhoï iy Y=oaO Kh °ï ''' ''' ''' ''' 216
m%Odk rdcH uQ,H fYaIhka ''' ''' ''' ''' 220
whjeh ysÛh uQ,Hkh ''' ''' ''' ''' 220
6'4 rdcH Kh iy Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï ''' ''' ''' ''' 222
rdcH Kh ''' ''' ''' ''' 222
Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï ''' ''' ''' ''' 225
m%Odk uQ,H fkdjk rdcH wdh;kj, fkdmsh jQ Kh ''' ''' ''' 226
6'5 Wm rdcH wdh;kj, whjeh lghq;= ''' ''' ''' ''' 227
Wm rdcH wdh;kj, m%;sm;a;s †Ydj yd ls%hdudr®. ''' ''' ''' 227
m<d;a iNdj, whjeh lghq;= ''' ''' ''' ''' 227

7' uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh

7'1 iuia; ks¯laIK ''' ''' ''' ''' 231
7'2 Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ia:djrh ''' ''' ''' 232
7'3 fmd,S wkqmd;slj, yeis¯u ''' ''' ''' ''' 235
fj<|fmd< øjYS,;dj" fj<`ofmd< fufyhqï lghq;= iy fláld,Sk fmd,S wkqmd;sl 235
rcfha iq/l=ïm;a u; M,∞ wkqmd;sl ''' ''' ''' ''' 237
;ekam;= iy Kh fmd,S wkqmd;sl ''' ''' ''' ''' 239
idx.ñl Kh WmlrK u; fmd,S wkqmd;sl ''' ''' ''' 240
úfoaY úksuh ;ekam;= u; jk fmd,S wkqmd;sl ''' ''' ''' 241
7'4 uqo,a iy Kh iuia;j, m%jK;d ''' ''' ''' ''' 241
ixÑ; uqo,a ''' ''' ''' ''' 241
mgq uqo,a iemhqu (M1) ''' ''' ''' ''' 243
mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqu (M2b) iy foaYSh Kh ''' ''' ''' ''' 244
mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqu (M4) ''' ''' ''' ''' 250
7'5 wfmalaIs; jr®Okhka" wNsfhda. iy fmroelau ''' ''' ''' 251

8' uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdld˙;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj

8'1 iuia; ks¯laIK ''' ''' ''' ''' 253
8'2 nexl= wxYfha ldr®hidOkh ''' ''' ''' ''' 254
jHdmdr jr®Okh ''' ''' ''' ''' 255
nexl= wxYfha wjodkï ''' ''' ''' ''' 257
,dN∞hs;ajh iy m%d.aOk iïm;a ''' ''' ''' ''' 259
wëlaIK iy kshduk lghq;=j, m%.;sh ''' ''' ''' ''' 260

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n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï wxYh ''' 265
jHdmdr jr®Okh ''' ''' ''' ''' 265
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK wxYfha wjodkï ''' 266
,dN∞hs;ajh iy m%d.aOk iïm;a ''' ''' ''' ''' 267
mSvdjg m;a n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï i`oyd .;a ls%hdudr®. ''' ''' 268
wëlaIK iy kshduk ixjr®Okhka ''' ''' ''' ''' 269
laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wxYh ''' ''' ''' ''' 269
rcfha iq/l=ïm;a i|yd jQ m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka ''' ''' ''' 269
j;alï iy j.lSï ''' ''' ''' ''' 272
m%d:ñl wf,úlrejkaf.a wxYfha wjodkï ''' ''' ''' 273
,dN∞hs;ajh iy m%d.aOkh ''' ''' ''' ''' 273
fj<|fmd< iyNd.s;ajh ''' ''' ''' ''' 274
tAll Ndr ''' ''' ''' ''' 274
jHdmdr jr®Okh ''' ''' ''' ''' 274
wdfhdack ''' ''' ''' ''' 275
rlaIK wxYh ''' ''' ''' ''' 275
jHdmdr jr®Okh ''' ''' ''' ''' 275
bmehqï ''' ''' ''' ''' 275
m%d.aOkh iy wdfhdackh ''' ''' ''' ''' 276
wëlaIK iy kshduk ixjr®Okhka ''' ''' ''' ''' 277
úY%du wruqo,a ''' ''' ''' ''' 277
fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo, ''' ''' ''' ''' 277
fiajd kshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo, ''' ''' ''' ''' 279
wfkl=;a úY%du wruqo,a ''' ''' ''' ''' 279
8'4 uQ,H fj<|fmd<j, ldr®hidOkh ''' ''' ''' ''' 279
uqo,a fj<|fmd< ''' ''' ''' ''' 279
foaYSh úfoaY úksuh fj<|fmd< ''' ''' ''' ''' 281
rcfha iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmd< ''' ''' ''' ''' 281
idx.ñl Kh iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmd< ''' ''' ''' ''' 283
fld<U fldgia fj<|fmd< ''' ''' ''' ''' 283
8'5 ixjr®Ok uQ,HlrK iy uQ,H myiqlï i|yd we;s bv m%ia:d ''' ''' 284
8'6 uQ,H há;, myiqlï ''' ''' ''' ''' 290
f.ùï iy mshùï moaO;s ''' ''' ''' ''' 290
Kh f;dr;=re ''' ''' ''' ''' 294

fojeks fldgi
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï iy lghq;= 1-136
;=kajeks fldgi
uqo,a uKav,h úiska 2016 jifr® ° Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk 1-132

isõjeks fldgi
uy nexl=fõ iy YS% ,xldfõ nexl= wdh;kj, jev lghq;= yd fufyhqïj,g w∞< 1-12
2016 iïu; lrk ,o m%Odk kS;s wKmk;a

ixLHd f,aLk m˙YsIagh

úfYaI ixLHd f,aLk m˙YsIagh

 m<uqjeks fldgi - ixLHd igyka

msgqj
1' wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ oelau iy m%;sm;a;s
1'1 idr®j wdr®:ßl ls%hdld˙;ajh ^2012-2016& ''' ''' ''' ''' 3
1'2 mj;akd fj<`ofmd< ñ, wkqj iuia; b,aÆu iy b;s˙ls¯ï - wdfhdack mr;rh ''' 4
1'3 lr®udka; uQ,h wkqj ia:djr ñ, ^2010& hgf;a o< cd;sl wdodhu ''' ''' 7
1'4 f.da,Sh wdr®:ßl m%jK;d iy b†˙ oelau ''' ''' ''' ''' 20
1'5 ue†ld,Sk idr®j wdr®:ßl rduqj ''' ''' ''' ''' 23

2' cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wd∞hu

2'1 lr®udka; uQ,h wkqj o< foaYSh ksIamd†;h ^2010 ia:djr ñ, wkqj& ''' ''' 48
2'2 mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, hgf;a wdh;ksl wxY wkqj iuia; tl;= l< w.h ''' 50
2'3 lDIslr®udka; ksIamdok or®Ylh ^2007-2010}100& ''' ''' ''' 51
2'4 ù j.d wxYh ms<sn| ixLHdk ''' ''' ''' ''' 52
2'5 m%Odk lDIs fNda.j, Wmk;s ''' ''' ''' ''' 55
2'6 u;aiH ksIamdokh ''' ''' ''' ''' 58
2'7 mY= iïm;a wxYh ms<sn| ixLHdk ''' ''' ''' ''' 59
2'8 m%Odk wdydr øjHhkaf.a wdydr fYaI m;%h ''' ''' ''' ''' 61
2'9 lr®udka;Yd,d ksIamdok or®Ylh 2010}100 ''' ''' ''' ''' 68
2'10 iuia; b,aÆu ''' ''' ''' ''' 88
2'11 mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdack úhofï ixhq;sh ''' ''' 89
2'12 Y%S ,xld wdfhdack uKav,h iy lr®udka; yd jd◊c lghq;= wud;HdxYh hgf;a ,shdm†xÑ jQ
jHjidhj, wdfhdack iy fiajd kshqla;sh ''' ''' ''' ''' 91
2'13 iïm;a ixhq;sh iy Wmfhdackh ^mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj& ''' ''' 92
2'14 m˙fNdackh" wdfhdack iy b;s˙ls¯ï ^mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj& ''' ''' 93
2'15 mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, hgf;a wdh;ksl wxY wkqj wd∞hï ixrpl ''' ''' 94

3' wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï

3'1 há;, myiqlï i|yd jQ rdcH wdfhdack ''' ''' ''' ''' 96
3'2 ú≥,s ixfoaY wxYfha ls%hdld˙;ajh ''' ''' ''' ''' 99
3'3 Lksc f;,a wxYfha l%shdld˙;ajh ''' ''' ''' ''' 102
3'4 ú≥,sn, wxYfha l%shdld˙;ajh ''' ''' ''' ''' 104
3'5 .ukd.uk wxYfha uQ,sl ,laIK ''' ''' ''' ''' 111
3'6 jrdh fiajd l%shdld˙;ajh ''' ''' ''' ''' 113
3'7 cd;sl c, iïmdok yd c,dmjyk uKav,h úisska imhkq ,nk c,h ''' ''' 115
3'8 fi!LH fiajfha uQ,sl ,laIK ''' ''' ''' ''' 116
3'9 idudkH wOHdmkfha uQ,sl ,laIK ''' ''' ''' ''' 119
3'10 úYajúoHd, wOHdmkfha uQ,sl ,laIK ''' ''' ''' ''' 121
3'11 ;D;Shsl yd jD;a;Sh wOHdmk mqyqKq lafIa;%fha uQ,sl ,laIK ''' ''' 122
3'12 ck.yk o˙ø;d or®Ylh ''' ''' ''' ''' 124
3'13 m%Odk iqNidOk jevigyka - iykdOdr,dNS mjq,a ixLHdj iy m%∞khkays jákdlu ''' 126

4' ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,∞hs;dj

4'1 ñ, or®Ylj, fjkiaùï ''' ''' ''' ''' 130
4'2 Wm ldKav wkqj jdr®Isl idudkH WoaOukh i`oyd ∞hl;ajh - 2016 ''' ''' 132
4'3 wdkhksl iy foaYShj ksIamd†; m%Odk whs;uj, is,a,r ñ, .Kka ''' ''' 133
4'4 m˙md,s; ñ, iys; m%Odk whs;u ''' ''' ''' ''' 134
 4'5 o< foaYSh ksIamd†;fha wjOuklh ''' ''' ''' ''' 135
4'6 jegqma m%udK or®Yl ''' ''' ''' ''' 136
4'7 †ia;%slal uÜgfuka ck.ykh iy ck >k;ajh ''' ''' ''' 139
4'8 l=gqïn ck.ykh" Y%u n,ldh iy Y%u n,ld iyNd.s;ajh ''' ''' ''' 140
4'9 wdr®:ßl l%shdld˙;ajh wkqj fiajd kshqla;sh ''' ''' ''' ''' 141
4'10 /lshdfõ fiajd ;;a;ajh wkqj fiajd kshqla;sh ''' ''' ''' 142
4'11 rdcH wxYfha fiajd kshqla;sh ''' ''' ''' ''' 142
4'12 fiajd úhqla;s wkqmd;slh ''' ''' ''' ''' 143
4'13 úfoaY /lshd i|yd msg;aj hEï ''' ''' ''' ''' 144
4'14 .ukdka;h wkqj úfoaY fiajd ixl%uK ''' ''' ''' ''' 145
4'15 fm!oa.,sl wxYfha lr®udka;j, jev jr®ck ''' ''' ''' ''' 145
4'16 m%Odk wdr®:ßl wxY wkqj Y%u M,∞hs;dj ''' ''' ''' ''' 146

5' úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s

5'1 f.jqï ;=,kfhys úYaf,aIKd;aul b†˙m;a ls¯u ''' ''' ''' 151
5'2 wmkhk ixhq;sh ''' ''' ''' ''' 158
5'3 wdkhk ixhq;sh ''' ''' ''' ''' 166
5'4 m%Odk wdkhkj, m˙udjka ''' ''' ''' ''' 167
5'5 fj<| or®Yl ''' ''' ''' ''' 169
5'6 cx.u iy m%d.aOk .sKqu ''' ''' ''' ''' 172
5'7 ixpdrl wxYfha l%shdld˙;ajh ''' ''' ''' ''' 175
5'8' w' uQ,H .sKqu ''' ''' ''' ''' 179
5'8' wd' uQ,H .sKqu ''' ''' ''' ''' 181
5'9 2016 jir ;=< úfoaY Kh u.ska uQ,Hkh lrk ,o m%Odk jHdmD;Ska ''' ''' 182
5'10 wka;r®cd;sl wdfhdack ;;a;ajh ''' ''' ''' ''' 184
5'11 o< ks, ixÑ;" uqΩ úfoaYSh j;alï iy iuia; fYaIh ''' ''' ''' 186
5'12 fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s úfoaYSh Kh ''' ''' ''' ''' 187
5'13 úfoaYSh Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï ''' ''' ''' ''' 188
5'14 úksuh wkqmd;sl fjkiaùï ''' ''' ''' ''' 190

6' rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yd rdcH uQ,H lghq;=

6'1 rdcH uQ,H lghq;= ms<sn| iïmsKavkh ''' ''' ''' ''' 201
6'2 wdr®:ßl jr®.SlrKhg wkqj rdcH wd∞hu ''' ''' ''' ''' 214
6'3 wdr®:ßl jr®.SlrKhg wkqj úhou iy Y=oaO Kh °ï ''' ''' ''' 217
6'4 ldr®hhka wkqj úhoï jr®.SlrKh ''' ''' ''' ''' 219
6'5 foaYSh Kh .ekSfï uQ,dY% ''' ''' ''' ''' 221
6'6 uOHu rcfha fkdmsh jQ Kh ^jir wjidkhg& ''' ''' ''' 223
6'7 rdcH Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï ''' ''' ''' ''' 225
6'8 uOHu rcfha Kh or®Yl ''' ''' ''' ''' 226
6'9 uQ,H fkdjk m%Odk rdcH wdh;kj, fkdmsh jQ Kh ^jir wjidkhg& ''' ''' 226
6'10 m<d;a iNdj, whjeh ;;a;ajh ''' ''' ''' ''' 228

7' uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh

7'1 uE;ld,Sk uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ls%hdudr®. ''' ''' ''' ''' 234
7'2 f;dard.;a uqo,a fj<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;sl ''' ''' ''' ''' 236
7'3 fmd,S wkqmd;slj, yeis¯u ''' ''' ''' ''' 241
7'4 uqo,a iuia;j, m%jK;d ''' ''' ''' ''' 244
7'5 ixÑ; uqo,a iy mqΩ,a uqo,a (M2b) iemhqfuys j;alï wxYh ''' ''' ''' 245
7'6 jd◊c nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYhg ,nd≥ka Kh jr®.SlrKh ''' ''' 248
 7'7 jd◊c nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj; ,nd≥ka fkdmshjQ Kh m%udKfhys m˙K;
ld, ms<sn| úYaf,aIKh ''' ''' ''' ''' 249
7'8 mqΩ,a uqo,a (M4) iemhqfuys j;alï wxYh ''' ''' ''' ''' 250

8' uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdld˙;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj

8'1 uQ,H wxYfha iuia; j;alï ''' ''' ''' ''' 254
8'2 nexl= iy nexl= YdLd jHdma;sh ''' ''' ''' ''' 255
8'3 nexl= wxYfha j;alï iy j.lSï ixhq;sh ''' ''' ''' ''' 256
8'4 nexl= wxYfha ;ekam;= ixhq;sh ''' ''' ''' ''' 256
8'5 nexl= wxYfha jHjia:dms; øjYS, j;alïj, ixhq;sh ''' ''' ''' 258
8'6 nexl= wxYfha ,dNodhs;ajh ''' ''' ''' ''' 259
8'7 nexl= wxYfha kshduk m%d.aOk ixhq;sh ''' ''' ''' ''' 260
8'8 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥
uQ,HlrK iud.ïj, YdLd jHdma;sh - m<d;a wkqj ''' ''' ''' 265
8'9 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï
wxYfha j;alï iy j.lSï ixhq;sh ''' ''' ''' ''' 266
8'10 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK
iud.ï wxYfha wd∞hï iy úhoï ixhq;sh ''' ''' ''' ''' 268
8'11 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK
iud.ï wxYfha kshduk m%d.aOk ixhq;sh ''' ''' ''' ''' 269
8'12 m%d:ñl wf,úlrejkaf.a ls%hdld˙;ajh ''' ''' ''' ''' 273
8'13 tall Ndr wxYfha ls%hdld˙;ajh ''' ''' ''' ''' 274
8'14 rlaIK wxYfha ls%hdld˙;ajh ''' ''' ''' ''' 276
8'15 fiajl wr®:idOl wruqof,a iy fiajd kshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqof,a ls%hdld˙;ajh ''' 278
8'16 uqo,a fj<|fmd< .kqfokq ''' ''' ''' ''' 280
8'17 NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy ne`≥ïlrj, m%d:ñl fj<|fmd< ksl=;+k a ''' ''' 282
8'18 NdKavd.dr ì,am;ays jdr®Isl m%d:ñl fj<|fmd< n˙; idudkH M,∞ wkqmd;sl ''' 282
8'19 rcfha iq/l=ïm;aj, M,∞ wkqmd;sl ''' ''' ''' ''' 282
8'20 fldgia fj<|fmd< f;dard.;a or®Yl ''' ''' ''' ''' 284
8'21 f.ùï moaO;s u.ska is≥ jQ .kqfokq ''' ''' ''' ''' 291

 m<uqjeks fldgi - rEm igyka

msgqj
1' wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ oelau iy m%;sm;a;s
1'1 o'foa'ks' fhys jr®Okh i|yd wdxYsl ∞hl;ajh ''' ''' ''' 3
1'2 b;s˙ls¯ï" wdfhdack yd b;=reï - wdfhdack mr;rh ^o'foa'ks' fhys m%;sY;hla f,i& ''' 4
1'3 fiajd úhqla;sh ''' ''' ''' ''' 8
1'4 u;=msg WoaOukh ^jdr®Isl ,laIHuh& ''' ''' ''' ''' 8
1'5 f.jqï ;=,kh ''' ''' ''' ''' 9
1'6 foaYSh úfoaY úksuh fj<|fmd< ;=< uy nexl=fõ ue†y;aùu yd úksuh wkqmd;slh ''' 12
1'7 rdcH wd∞hu" úhou iy iuia; whjeh fYaIh ^o'foa'ks' fhys m%;sY;hla f,i& ''' 13
1'8 uOHu rcfha Kh ^o'foa'ks' fhys m%;sY;hla f,i& ''' ''' ''' 14
1'9 ks;H fmd,S wkqmd;sl fld˙fvdaj iy f;dard.;a fj<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;sl ''' 15
1'10 mqΩ,a uqo,a jr®Okh yd ;=vq≥ka idOl ''' ''' ''' ''' 16
1'11 jd◊c nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYhg imhk ,o Kh ''' ''' ''' 17
2' cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu
2'1 jdr®Isl jr®Ok wkqmd;slh ''' ''' ''' ''' 49
2'2 iy,a( iemhqu iy b,aÆu ''' ''' ''' ''' 53
2'3 lr®udka;j, o< tl;=l< w.h ^2010 ia:djr ñ,& ''' ''' ''' 66
2'4 .ekqï l<ukdlrejkaf.a or®Ylh ''' ''' ''' ''' 67
2'5 lr®udka;Yd,d ksIamdok or®Ylh ^2010=100& ''' ''' ''' ''' 69
2'6 lr®udka;Yd,d ksIamdok or®Ylfha ixhq;sh - 2016 ''' ''' ''' 76
2'7 lr®udka;Yd,d ksIamdok or®Ylfha m%Odk ldKavj, jdr®Isl jr®Okh ''' ''' 77
2'8 wdfhdack uKav,fha ,shdm†xÑ jHjidhj, úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack ^t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk& ''' 90
2'9 2016 jifr® wdr®:ßlh ^mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj& ''' ''' ''' 92
3' wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï
3'1 ≥rl:k >k;ajh ''' ''' ''' ''' 98
3'2 cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<a fndr f;,a ^fn%kaÜ& idudkH ñ, yd ,x'L'kS'ix' úiska
wdkhkh lrk ,o fndr f;,a ñ, ''' ''' ''' ''' 101
3'3 ú≥,sn, W;amdok ixhq;sh ''' ''' ''' ''' 103
3'4 ú≥,sn,h ( idudkH ms˙jeh yd idudkH .dia;=j ''' ''' ''' 105
3'5 fudagr® r: kj ,shdm†xÑh ''' ''' ''' ''' 110
3'6 .=jka u.S yd .=jka NdKav yeisrùï ''' ''' ''' ''' 112
3'7 nyÆ fufyhqï" m%;skeõ.; ls¯ï iy keõ meñ”ï ''' ''' ''' 114
3'8 fi!LH iy wOHdmkh i|yd jQ rcfha úhoï ''' ''' ''' ''' 118
4' ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,∞hs;dj
4'1 WoaOukfhys úp,k ^cd'md'ñ'o' ^2013=100& iy fld'md'ñ'o' ^2013=100&& ''' ''' 130
4'2 ,CIHuh uQ,sl WoaOukfhys úp,k ''' ''' ''' ''' 135
4'3 Y%u n,ldfha iy fiajd úhqla;sfha m%jK;d ^2012-2016& ''' ''' ''' 140
5' úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s
5'1 f.jqï ;=,kh
5'2 wmkhk ixhq;sh - 2016 ''' ''' ''' ''' 150
5'3 wdkhk ixhq;sh - 2016 ''' ''' ''' ''' 157
5'4 wmkhk" wdkhk iy fj<| fYaIh ''' ''' ''' ''' 165
5'5 fj<| ñ, wkqmd;h iy fj<| or®Yl ''' ''' ''' ''' 168
5'6 wmkhk fj<| †Ydj ''' ''' ''' ''' 170
5'7 wdkhk fj<| †Ydj ''' ''' ''' ''' 170
5'8 rgj,a wkqj ixpdrl meñ”ï - 2016 ''' ''' ''' ''' 173
5'9 ixpdrl meñ”ï iy bmehSï ''' ''' ''' ''' 174
5'10 uQ,H .sKqu ''' ''' ''' ''' 178
 5'11 ldr®;=uh o< ks, ixÑ; iy uqΩ úfoaYSh j;alï ''' ''' ''' 186
5'12 úfoaYSh Kh ''' ''' ''' ''' 187
5'13 úksuh wkqmd;slfha fjkiaùï ''' ''' ''' ''' 189
5'14 ldr®;=uh wka;r® nexl= b†˙ úksuh .kqqfokq m˙udjka ''' ''' ''' 191
6' rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yd rdcH uQ,H lghq;=
6'1 m%Odk rdcH uQ,H or®Yl ^o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i& ''' ''' ''' 200
6'2 rdcH wdodhfï ixhq;sh - 2016 ''' ''' ''' ''' 214
6'3 rdcH mqkrdjr®;k úhofï ixhq;sh - 2016 ''' ''' ''' ''' 218
6'4 ldr®hhka wkqj úhoï jr®.SlrKh - 2016 ''' ''' ''' ''' 218
6'5 whjeh ysÛh uQ,Hkh ^o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i& ''' ''' ''' 220
6'6 nexl= Kh uQ,dY% ''' ''' ''' ''' 221
6'7 uOHu rcfha fkdmsh jQ Kh ''' ''' ''' ''' 222
6'8 fkdmsh jQ foaYSh rdcH Kh ixhq;sh - 2016 ''' ''' ''' 223
6'9 fkdmsh jQ úfoaYSh rdcH Kh ixhq;sh - 2016 ''' ''' ''' 224
6'10 jHjydr uqo,a jr®.h wkqj iuia; fkdmsh jQ Kh ixhq;sh - 2016 ''' ''' 225
6'11 rdcH Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï ^o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i& ''' ''' 225
7' uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh
7'1 m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl iy n˙; idudkH talaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slh ''' ''' 232
7'2 foaYSh uqo,a fj<|fmd< remsh,a øjYS,;dj iy øjYS,;d l<ukdlrKh ''' ''' 235
7'3 YS% ,xld wka;r® nexl= wr®mK wkqmd;slj, yeis¯u ''' ''' ''' 237
7'4 NdKavd.dr ì,am;a i`oyd m%d:ñl fj<`ofmd< M,∞ wkqmd;sl ''' ''' 237
7'5 rcfha iq/l=ïm;a i`oyd oaú;ShSl fj<`ofmd< M,∞ jl%h ''' ''' ''' 238
7'6 f;dard.;a fj<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;sl ''' ''' ''' ''' 239
7'7 iq/l=ï jr®.h wkqj jd◊c nexl=j, n˙; idudkH Kh wkqmd;sl ^ishhg& ''' 240
7'8 n˙; idudkH ;ekam;= wkqmd;slh iy n˙; idudkH Kh wkqmd;slh w;r mr;rh ''' 240
7'9 ixirKfhys mj;sk jHjydr uqo,a ''' ''' ''' ''' 242
7'10 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j i;= NdKAvd.dr ì,am;a f;d.h iy rchg ,nd≥ka
;djld,sl w;a;sldrï ''' ''' ''' ''' 243
7'11 uqo,a iuia;j, jdr®Isl ,laIHuh jr®Okh ''' ''' ''' ''' 243
7'12 mqΩ,a uqo,aj, ^M2b& jdr®Isl ,laIHuh fjki i`oyd ;=vq ≥ka idOl ^j;alï wkqj& ''' 244
7'13 foaYSh Kfhys jdr®Isl by< hEu ''' ''' ''' ''' 246
7'14 jd◊c nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYhg ,nd≥ka Kh ''' ''' ''' 247
7'15 m%Odk wxYj,g ,nd≥ka fm!oa.,sl wxYfha Khj, jdr®Isl ,laIHuh jr®Okh ^ishhg& ''' 249
8' uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdld˙;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj
8'1 nexl= wxYfha fYaI m;% fkdjk whs;u ^2016 wjidkhg& ''' ''' ''' 256
8'2 nexl= wxYfha wlS%h Kh ''' ''' ''' ''' 257
8'3 nexl= wxYfha wlS%h Kh i|yd fjka ls¯ï ''' ''' ''' ''' 257
8'4 nexl= wxYfha Kh ixhq;sfhys wdxYsl odhl;ajh ^2016 wjidkhg& ''' ''' 257
8'5 nexl= wxYfha øjYS,;d wkqmd;sl ''' ''' ''' ''' 258
8'6 iuqÉÑ; m˙K; ld,h nexl= wxYfha iuqÉÑ; j.lSïj, m%;sY;hla f,i ''' 259
8'7 nexl= wxYfha ,dNodhs;aj or®Yl ''' ''' ''' ''' 259
8'8 nexl= wxYfha m%d.aOk m%udKd;aul;dj ''' ''' ''' ''' 260
8'9 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï wxYfha fiajdjka wkqj
imhk ,o iuia; Kh myiqlï ''' ''' ''' ''' 267
8'10 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï wxYfha wlS%h Kh myiqlï
iy fjkals¯ï wdjrKhka ''' ''' ''' ''' 267
8'11 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï wxYfha ,dNodhs;aj or®Yl 268
8'12 Y=oaO j;alï jákdlu wkqj tall Ndr wxYfha wruqo,a jr®.SlrKh ''' ''' 274
8'13 rlaIK wxYfha o< ,shdy, jd˙l wd∞hu ''' ''' ''' ''' 277
8'14 fld<U fldgia fj<|fmd< iuia; fldgia ñ, or®Ylh" tia wekaâ mS YS% ,xld 20
or®Ylh iy ffoksl ms˙jegqu ''' ''' ''' ''' 283
8'15 fld<U fldgia fj<|fmd< úfoaYSh iyNd.S;ajh ''' ''' ''' 284
 m<uqjeks fldgi - úfYaI igyka
msgqj
1' YS% ,xldfõ uqo,a m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIKh i`oyd wdlD;s u; mokï jQ m%fõYhla ''' ''' 24
2' f.da,h S fj<`ofmd< ;=< YS% ,xldfõ ;r.ld¯;ajh jeä†hqKq ls¯u ''' ''' 32
3' ksIamdok lr®udka; wxYh ixjr®Okh ls¯fï Wmdhudr®.hla lrd ''' ''' 70
4' jHdmdr nqoaê f;dr;=re iy úi,a o;a;( uy nexl= ixLHd o;a;j, kj udkhla ''' ''' 84
5 YS% ,xldfõ md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylj, úldYkh ''' ''' ''' 131
6' wdr®:ßlfha jegqma m%jK;d ñkqï.; ls¯u ''' ''' ''' 137
7' wmkhk m%jr®Okh Wfoid cd;sl Wmdhudr®.h ''' ''' ''' 159
8' úfoaY úksuh .kqfokq iïnkaOfhka YS% ,dxlsl m˙ph - úksuh md,khkays úldYkh"
,sys,alrKhka iy b†˙ ±lau ''' ''' ''' 192
9' rdcH Kh ord.; yels uÜgulg f.k tau Wfoid jQ w∞hï mdol lr.;a
rdcH uq,H tald.%;d jevms<sfj< ''' ''' ''' 208
10' nexl=j, Tfrd;a;=°fï yelshdj jr®Okh ls¯u i`oyd m%d.aOk kshdukhka iúu;a ls¯u ''' 261
11' 2016 wxl 6 ork laIqøuQ,H mk; hgf;a jk kshduk rduqj ''' ''' ''' 270
12' ;sridr ixjr®Okh Wfoid ;sridr uQ,H m%jr®Okh ls¯u ''' ''' ''' 285
13' f.ùï moaO;s kshdukfha° YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ ldr®hNdrh ''' ''' ''' 292
14' uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu iy ;%ia;jdohg uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùu i|yd jQ
cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Ska ms<sn`oj Y%S ,xldfõ wkql+,;djh ''' ''' ''' 295
15' m%Odk wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;suh fjkiaùï iy ls%hdudr®.( 2016 ''' ''' ''' 299
 ixLHd f,aLk mßYsIagh

ixLHd igyka
cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wd∞hu
lr®udka; uQ,h wkqj o< cd;sl wd∞hu ^mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj& ''' ''' 1
lr®udka; uQ,h wkqj o< cd;sl wd∞hu ^2010 ia:djr ñ, wkqj& ''' ''' 2
lr®udka; uQ,h wkqj o< cd;sl wd∞hu ''' ''' ''' 3
lr®udka; uQ,h wkqj m<d;a o< foaYSh ksIamd†;h ^mj;akd fj<`ofmd< ñ, wkqj& ^2011-2015& 4
iïm;a iy tajdfha Wmfhdackh ''' ''' ''' 5
mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj m%Odk ftlHhkaf.a ;=,kh ''' ''' ''' 6
mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj o< foaYSh m%d.aOk iïmdokh ''' ''' ''' 7
mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdack úhofï ixhq;sh ''' ''' 8
mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj o< cd;sl wd∞hu u; úhou ''' ''' ''' 9
mj;akd fj<`ofmd< ñ, wkqj o< foaYSh úhou iy mj;akd iïm;a ''' ''' 10
wdfhdack iy b;s˙ls¯ï ^mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj& ''' ''' ''' 11
uQr®; cd;sl wd∞hu ''' ''' ''' 12
o< foaYSh ksIamd†;fha wd∞hï ixrpl ''' ''' ''' 13
m%Odk lDIsldr®ñl fNda.j, Wmk;s ''' ''' ''' 14
f;a" rnr®" fmd,a iy wfkl=;a lDIs wmkhk fNda. ksIamdokh ''' ''' ''' 15
jdr®Isl jr®Idm;kh iy jeis †k ''' ''' ''' 16
†ia;s%lal wkqj ù j.d wxYfha ls%hdld˙;ajh ''' ''' ''' 17
ù ksIamdokh ''' ''' ''' 18
wfkl=;a fCIa;% fNda. wxYfhys ls%hdld˙;ajh ''' ''' ''' 19
uyje,s ixjr®Ok jevms<sfj< hgf;a j.d l< bvï m%udKh ''' ''' ''' 20
iSks ksIamdok wxYh ms<sn| ixLHdk ''' ''' ''' 21
jk iïm;a wxYh ms<sn| ixLHdk ''' ''' ''' 22
YS% ,xld wdfhdack uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o ldr®ñl wdfhdack ''' ''' 23
YS% ,xld wdfhdack uKav,fha ,shdm†xÑ jHjidhhka úiska ±kg lr we;s wdfhdack ''' 24
Y%S ,xld wdfhdack uKav,fha ,shdm†xÑ jHjidhhkays wdxYsl úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack ''' 25
lr®udka; wxYfha Od˙;d Wmfhdackh ''' ''' ''' 26
rdcH wxYfha f;dard.;a ldr®ñl jHjidhhkays fiajd kshqla;sh ''' ''' ''' 27
rdcH wxYfha f;dard.;a ldr®ñl jHjidhhkays ls%hdld˙;ajh ''' ''' ''' 28
ldr®ñl jHjidhhkays m%dfoaYSh jHdma;sh ''' ''' ''' 29
m%Odk ksIamdok lr®udka; wxYhkays lr®udka;Yd,d ksIamdok or®Ylh ''' ''' 30
lr®udka;Yd,d ksIamdok or®Ylh ''' ''' ''' 31

wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï

ú≥,s ixfoaY iy ;eme,a fiajd ls%hdld˙;ajh ''' ''' ''' 32
n,Yla;s wxYfha l%shdld˙;ajh ''' ''' ''' 33
m%jdyk wxYfha ls%hdld˙;ajh ''' ''' ''' 34
jrdh fiajd ls%hdld˙;ajh ''' ''' ''' 35
rcfha fi!LH fiajfha uQ,sl ,laIK ''' ''' ''' 36
idudkH iy úYajúoHd, wOHdmkfha uQ,sl ,laIK ''' ''' ''' 37

ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,∞hs;dj

cd;sl md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylfha ^2013=100& úp,kh ''' ''' ''' 38
fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylfha ^2013=100& úp,kh ''' ''' ''' 39
 fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylfha ^2006$07=100& úp,kh ''' ''' ''' 40
cd;sl md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh ^2013=100& ''' ''' ''' 41
fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh ^2013=100& ''' ''' ''' 42
fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh ^2006$07=100& ''' ''' ''' 43
ksIamdolhdf.a ñ, or®Ylh ''' ''' ''' 44
f;dard.;a wdydr øjH lsysmhl m<d;a wkqj idudkH is,a,r ñ, .Kka 2015-2016 ''' 45
f;dard.;a NdKavj, f;d. ñ, ''' ''' ''' 46
jegqma m%udK or®Yl ^rcfha fiajlhka& ''' ''' ''' 47
jegqma m%udK or®Yl ^mämd,l iNdj, lïlrejka& ''' ''' ''' 48
jegqma m%udK or®Yl ^wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fiajlhka& ''' ''' ''' 49
wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha idudkH ffoksl jegqma ''' ''' ''' 50
m<d;a wkqj wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha idudkH ffoksl jegqma 2015-2016 ''' ''' 51
ck.ykh ms<sn| uQ,sl o;a; ''' ''' ''' 52
†ia;s%lal wkqj ck.ykh ''' ''' ''' 53
Y%u n,ld iyNd.s;aj wkqmd;slh ''' ''' ''' 54
/lshdfõ fiajd ;;a;ajh wkqj fiajd kshqla;sh ''' ''' ''' 55
wdr®:ßl ls%hdld˙;ajh wkqj fiajd kshqla;sh ''' ''' ''' 56
Y%u n,ldfhys m%jK;d ''' ''' ''' 57
rdcH wxYfha fiajd kshqla;sh ''' ''' ''' 58
úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh ''' ''' ''' 59
fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo, ''' ''' ''' 60
fiajd kshqla;slhkaf.a Ndrldr wruqo, ''' ''' ''' 61
fm!oa.,sl wxYfha lr®udka;j, jev jr®ck ''' ''' ''' 62

úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;aa;s

uy nexl=fõ fj<| or®Yl - jákdlu ''' ''' ''' 63
uy nexl=fõ fj<| or®Yl - m˙udj ''' ''' ''' 64
uy nexl=fõ fj<| or®Yl - tall jákdlu ''' ''' ''' 65
úfoaYSh fj<πu ''' ''' ''' 66
wmkhk ixhq;sh ''' ''' ''' 67
f;a wmkhk" úl=Kqï iy ñ, .Kka ''' ''' ''' 68
f;a wmkhk m˙udj iy jákdlu ''' ''' ''' 69
rgj,a wkqj flfrk f;a wmkhk ''' ''' ''' 70
rnr® wmkhk iy ñ, .Kka ''' ''' ''' 71
rgj,a wkqj flfrk rnr® wmkhk ''' ''' ''' 72
rgj,a wkqj flfrk weÛÆï wmkhk ''' ''' ''' 73
m%Odk fmd,a ksIamd†; wmkhk m˙udj" jákdlï iy ñ, .Kka ''' ''' ''' 74
wfkl=;a lDIsldr®ñl wmkhk m˙udj iy jákdlï ''' ''' ''' 75
f;dard.;a ldr®ñl yd Lkscuh wmkhk ''' ''' ''' 76
m%Odk wdkhk NdKav jr®. ''' ''' ''' 77
wdkhk ixhq;sh ''' ''' ''' 78
m%Odk fj<| øjH wmkhk yd wdkhk ''' ''' ''' 79
wmkhk fj<| †Ydj ''' ''' ''' 80
wdkhk fj<| †Ydj ''' ''' ''' 81
ixpdrl wxYfha l%shdld˙;ajh ''' ''' ''' 82
 ixpdrl jHdmdrfha m%dfoaYSh jHdma;sh ms<sn| or®Yl lSmhla ''' ''' ''' 83
f.jqï ;=,kh - BPM6 ixialrKhg wkqj iïu; b†˙m;a ls¯u ''' ''' ''' 84
wka;r®cd;sl wdfhdack ;;a;ajh - BPM6 ixialrKhg wkqj iïu; b†˙m;a ls¯u ''' 85
fiajd iy wd∞hï ''' ''' ''' 86
úfoaY fiajd kshqla;slhskaf.a fm%aIK ''' ''' ''' 87
fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s úfoaYSh Kh ''' ''' ''' 88
ld,m˙Éf√oh wjidkfha ° úksuh wkqmd;sl ''' ''' ''' 89
m%Odk jHjydr uqo,aj, idudkH úksuh wkqmd;sl" kdñl iM, úksuh wkqmd;sl
^kd'i'ú'w'& iy uQr®; iM, úksuh wkqmd;slj, ^uQ'i'ú'w'& udisl or®Yl w.hka ''' 90
wka;r® nexl= b†˙ úksuh fj<|fmd< .kqfokq ''' ''' ''' 91
uy nexl=j úiska úfoaY úksuh wjfYdaIKh ls¯ï iy iemhSï ''' ''' ''' 92

rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;=

rdcH uQ,H lghq;= ms<sn| iïmsKavkh ''' ''' ''' 93
rdcH wd∞hu ''' ''' ''' 94
YS% ,xld rcfha f.ùï ''' ''' ''' 95
YS% ,xld wdKavqfõ iïu; úhou - 2016 ''' ''' ''' 96
YS% ,xld wdKavqfõ iïu; úhou - 2017 ''' ''' ''' 97
rdcH ixia:djkag iy jHjia:dms; uKav,j,g lrk ,o jr®;k mejreï ''' ''' 98
rdcH ixia:djkag iy jHjia:dms; uKav,j,g lrk ,o m%d.aOk mejreï ''' ''' 99
uQ,H j;alï w;am;alr .ekSu i|yd Kh °u ''' ''' ''' 100
rcfha Y=oaO uQ,H ysÛh mshùu ''' ''' ''' 101
wdr®:ßl jr®.SlrKhg wkqj rcfha wd∞hu ''' ''' ''' 102
wdr®:ßl jr®.SlrKhg wkqj rcfha úhou iy wdmiq f.ùï wvql< miq Kh °ï ''' ''' 103
wdr®:ßl jr®.SlrKhg wkqj rdcH uQ,H lghq;
= ''' ''' ''' 104
fkdmshjQ rdcH Kh ixhq;sh ''' ''' ''' 105
rdcH Kh whs;sh ^jr®Ih wjidkhg& ''' ''' ''' 106
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ysñlu ''' ''' ''' 107
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlrj, ysñlu ''' ''' ''' 108
remsh,a Kh ysñlï ''' ''' ''' 109
ysñlï wkqj fkdmshjQ úfoaY Kh ''' ''' ''' 110
úfoaY Kh - 2016 ''' ''' ''' 111
Y=oaO úfoaYdOdr ,eîï ''' ''' ''' 112
fkdmsh jQ rdcH Kh ^jir wjidkfha°& ''' ''' ''' 113
m<d;a iNdj, whjeh ;;a;ajh ''' ''' ''' 114
tAldnoaO whjeh ''' ''' ''' 115

uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh

uy nexl=fõ jHjydr uqo,a ksl=;=j ^jákdlu wkqj& ''' ''' ''' 116
uqo,a iuia; - M1 iy M2 ''' ''' ''' 117
uqo,a iólaIKh - M2 ''' ''' ''' 118
tAldnoaO mqΩ,a uqo,a iólaIKh - M2b ''' ''' ''' 119
uQ,H iólaIKh - M4 ''' ''' ''' 120
uqo,a iuia; - idrdxYh ''' ''' ''' 121
jd◊c nexl=j, ixÑ; ;;a;ajh ''' ''' ''' 122
 uy nexl=fõ iy jd◊c nexl=j, fmd,S wkqmd;sl ''' ''' ''' 123
b;s˙ls¯fï iy †.=ld,Sk Kh fok wdh;kj, fmd,S wkqmd;sl ''' ''' ''' 124
rcfha iq/l=ïm;a u; M,∞ wkqmd;sl ''' ''' ''' 125
iq/l=ï jr®.h wkqj jd◊c nexl= Kh iy w;a;sldrï ^ld,m˙Éf√oh wjidkfha °& ''' 126
jd◊c nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj; imhk ,o Kh iy w;a;sldrï ''' ''' 127

uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdld˙;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj
uy nexl=fõ j;alï iy j.lSï ''' ''' ''' 128
jd◊c nexl=j, foaYSh nexl= tAllj, j;alï iy j.lSï ''' ''' ''' 129
jd◊c nexl=j, wlafjr< nexl= tAllj, j;alï iy j.lSï ''' ''' ''' 130
uQ,H Yla;su;aNdjh ms<sn| or®Yl - nexl= wxYh ''' ''' ''' 131
uQ,H Yla;su;aNdjh ms<sn| or®Yl - n,m;%,dNS jdKsc nexl= ''' ''' ''' 132
uQ,H Yla;su;aNdjh ms<sn| or®Yl - n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= ''' ''' ''' 133
nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;kj, j;alï iy j.lSï ''' ''' ''' 134
uQ,H Yla;su;aNdjh ms<sn| or®Yl - n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥
uQ,HlrK iud.ï wxYh ''' ''' ''' 135
uQ,H Yla;su;aNdjh ms<sn| or®Yl - n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï ''' ''' ''' 136
uQ,H Yla;su;aNdjh ms<sn| or®Yl - úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï ''' ''' 137
;ekam;= Ndr .kakd wdh;kj, b;s˙ls¯fï iy ia:djr ;ekam;= ''' ''' ''' 138
rlaIK lghq;
= ''' ''' ''' 139
fldgia fj<|fmd< lghq; = ''' ''' ''' 140
2016 jir ;=< fld<U fldgia yqjudrefjys ,ehsia;=.; lrk ,o Khlr ''' ''' 141
Kh fok nexl= úiska m%∞kh lrk ,o iuia; j.d Kh ^2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg ;;a;ajh& ''' 142
kj ims˙ .%dóh ^ireidr& Kh fhdackd l%uh - w;=re wdydr fnda. i|yd Kh fok nexl= úiska
m%∞kh lrk ,o Kh ^2016 foieïnr® 31 jeks †kg ;;a;ajh& ''' ''' ''' 143
j.d rlaIK l%ufha l%shdld˙;ajh - ù j.d wxYh ^2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg ;;a;ajh& ''' 144
iuQmldr .%dóh nexl=j, ;ekam;= iy w;a;sldrï ^2006-2016& iy 2016 jr®Ih i|yd
†ia;s%lal wkqj jr®.SlrKh ''' ''' ''' 145
iuQmldr .%dóh nexl= ix.ïj, ;ekam;= yd w;a;sldrï ^2008-2016& iy 2016 jr®Ih
i|yd †ia;%slal wkqj jr®.SlrKh ''' ''' ''' 146
 úfYaI ixLHdf,aLk mßYsIagh
ixLHd igyka
wxl
1' uQr®; wxYh
ck.ykh iy Y%u n,ldh ''' ''' ''' ''' ''' 1
cd;sl ksIamd†;h ''' ''' ''' ''' '' 2
ñ, ''' ''' ''' ''' ''' 3

2' úfoaYSh wxYh

f.jqï ;=,kh ''' ''' ''' ''' ''' 4
ixÑ;" uqΩ úfoaYSh j;alï" úfoaYSh Kh iy úksuh wkqmd; ''' ''' ''' 5

3' rdcH uQ,H wxYh

rdcH uQ,H lghq;
= ''' ''' ''' ''' ''' 6
rdcH Kh ''' ''' ''' ''' ''' 7

4' uqo,a wxYh

uqo,a iólaIKh ^M2& ''' ''' ''' ''' ''' 8
fmd,S wkqmd;sl ''' ''' ''' ''' ''' 9

5' iudc wdr®:ßl ;;a;ajhka

Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,sl iudc wdr®:ßl or®Yl
1953 - 2003$04 md˙fNda.sl uQ,H iy iudc wdr®:ßl iólaIK ud,dj u; mokï ù we;' ''' 10
Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,sl iudc wdr®:ßl or®Yl - m<d; wkqj
md˙fNda.sl uQ,H iy iudc wdr®:ßl iólaIKh 2003$04 u; mokï ù we;' ''' ''' 11
Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,sl iudc wdr®:ßl or®Yl - m<d; wkqj
.Dy tAll wd∞hï yd úhoï iólaIKh 2012$13 u; mokï ù we;' ''' ''' 12
Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,sl iudc wdr®:ßl or®Yl - wxYh wkqj
.Dy tAll wd∞hï yd úhoï iólaIK 2006$07" 2009$10 iy 2012$13 u; mokï ù we;' ''' 13

ixLHd igyka i`oyd wod< ú.%y yd úia;r igyka

my; ±lafjk fmd≥ igyka tla tla ixLHd igyfkys mdol igyka i`oyd m˙mQrl fjhs'
1' iïmQr®K;ajh i|yd iuyr ixLHd igykaj, ;djld,sl ixLHdjka we;=<;a fldg we;'
2' we;eï ixLHd igykaj, ixLHdjka wdikaku mQr®K ixLHdjg olajd we;' tneúka olajd we;s
tl;=fjys;a" ixLHd tl;= l< úg ,efnk uqΩ tl;=fjys;a iqΩ fjkialï mej;sh yel'
3' l,ska m< fldg we;s ixLHdjkaf.ka fjkia jkafka" miqj l< ixfYdaOk ksidh'
4' jryka ;=< i|yka lr we;s ixLHd RK jákdlï fõ'
5' my; i|yka ixfla;hka fhd∞ we;'
... } ie,lsh hq;= fkdfõ
_ } ke;
,e'fkd' } ,eî fkdue;
m<uqjeks fldgi
 uQ,sl wd¾Ól o¾Yl
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w&
ck.ykh
ue† jir ck.ykh ^mqoa.,hska oyia& ^wd&^we& 20,675 20,892 ^wE& 20,425 ^wE& 20,585 ^wE& 20,771 ^w& 20,966 ^w& 21,203
ue† jir ck.ykfhys jr®Ok wkqmd;h ^ishhg& ^wd& 1.0 1.1 ^wE& 1.0 ^wE& 0.8 ^wE& 0.9 ^w& 0.9 ^w& 1.1
ck.yk >k;ajh ^jr®. ls'ó' g mqoa.,hska& ^wd& 330 333 ^wE& 326 ^wE& 328 ^wE& 331 ^w& 334 ^w& 338
Y%u n,ldh ^mqoa.,hska oyia& ^b&^B&^W& 8,108 7,926 ^w&^wE& 7,798 ^w&^wE& 8,034 ^w&^wE& 8,049 ^w&^wE& 8,214 ^w&^wE& 8,311
Y%u n,ld iyNd.s;aj wkqmd;slh ^ishhg& ^b&^B&^W& 48.1 52.9 ^w&^wE& 52.5 ^w&^wE& 53.7 ^w&^wE& 53.2 ^w&^wE& 53.8 ^w&^wE& 53.8
fiajd úhqla;s wkqmd;slh ^Y%u n,ldfha m%;sY;hla f,i& ^b&^B&^W& 4.9 4.2 ^w&^wE& 4.0 ^w&^wE& 4.4 ^w&^wE& 4.3 ^w&^wE& 4.7 ^w&^wE& 4.4
ksuejqu ^W!&
mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj o'foa'ks' ^re'ì,shk& 6,414 7,219 8,732 9,592 10,361 ^wE& 10,952 ^w&^wE& 11,839
mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj o'cd'wd' ^re'ì,shk& 6,344 7,147 8,578 9,366 10,125 ^wE& 10,670 ^w&^wE& 11,506
mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj o'foa'ks' ^t'c'fvd,r® ì,shk& 56.7 65.3 68.4 74.3 79.4 ^wE& 80.6 ^w&^wE& 81.3
mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj o'cd'wd' ^t'c'fvd,r® ì,shk& 56.1 64.6 67.2 72.5 77.6 ^wE& 78.5 ^w&^wE& 79.0
tal mqoa., o'foa'ks' mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj ^re'& ^t& 310,214 345,544 427,538 465,976 498,828 ^wE& 522,355 ^w&^wE& 558,363
tal mqoa., o'cd'wd' mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj ^re'& ^t& 306,839 342,096 419,955 454,993 487,462 ^wE& 508,936 ^w&^wE& 542,669
tal mqoa., o'foa'ks' mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj ^t'c'fvd,r®& ^t& 2,744 3,125 3,351 3,609 3,821 ^wE& 3,843 ^w&^wE& 3,835
tal mqoa., o'cd'wd' mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj ^t'c'fvd,r®& ^t& 2,714 3,094 3,291 3,524 3,734 ^wE& 3,744 ^w&^wE& 3,727
uQ¾; ksuejqu ^fjkiaùfï m%;sY;h& ^W!&
o< foaYSh ksIamd†;h 8.0^tA& 8.4 9.1 3.4 5.0 ^wE& 4.8 ^w&^wE& 4.4
o< foaYSh ksIamd†;fha m%Odk wdr®:ßl lghq;=
lDIslr®uh 7.0^tA& 4.6 3.9 3.2 4.6 ^wE& 4.8 ^w&^wE& -4.2
ldr®ñl 8.4^tA& 9.3 9.0 4.1 4.7 ^wE& 2.1 ^w&^wE& 6.7
fiajd 8.0^tA& 8.9 11.2 3.8 4.8 ^wE& 5.7 ^w&^wE& 4.2
o< cd;sl wdodhu 7.9^tA& 8.5 8.3 2.8 5.1 ^wE& 4.5 ^w&^wE& 4.1
iuia; b,a¨u iy b;sßlsÍï ^o'foa'ks' m%;sY;hla f,i& ^W!&
m˙fNdackh 76.9 79.8 72.8 75.4 75.8 ^wE& 79.1 ^w&^wE& 76.2
fm!oa.,sl 68.5 71.3 65.2 67.6 67.4 ^wE& 70.1 ^w&^wE& 67.6
rch 8.5 8.6 7.6 7.8 8.4 ^wE& 9.0 ^w&^wE& 8.6
wdfhdackh 30.4 33.4 39.1 33.2 32.3 ^wE& 28.4 ^w&^wE& 31.5
NdKav iy fiajd Y=oaO wmkhk -7.3 -13.2 -11.9 -8.6 -8.1 ^wE& -7.5 ^w&^wE& -7.6
NdKav iy fiajd wmkhk 19.6 20.9 19.8 20.3 21.1 ^wE& 21.0 ^w&^wE& 21.4
NdKav iy fiajd wdkhk 26.8 34.1 31.7 28.9 29.2 ^wE& 28.5 ^w&^wE& 29.1
foaYSh b;s˙ls¯ï 23.1 20.2 27.2 24.6 24.2 ^wE& 20.9 ^w&^wE& 23.8
úfoaYSh Y=oaO m%d:ñl iy oaú;ShSl wdodhu 5.4 6.1 6.1 5.2 5.6 ^wE& 5.1 ^w&^wE&^T& 5.1 ^T&
cd;sl b;s˙ls¯ï 28.5 26.3 33.3 29.9 29.8 ^wE& 26.0 ^w&^wE& 28.9
ñ, iy jegqma ^fjkiaùfï m%;sY;h&
cd;sl md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh ^2013 } 100& - jdr®Isl idudkHh - - - - - 3.8 4.0
cd;sl m˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh ^2013 } 100& - ,laIHuh ^ld,m˙Éf√oh wjidkhg& - - - - - 4.2 4.2
fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh ^2013 = 100& - jdr®Isl idudkHh - - - - - 2.2 4.0
fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh ^2013 = 100& - ,laIHuh ^ld,m˙Éf√oh wjidkhg& - - - - - 4.6 4.5
fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh ^2006$07 = 100& - jdr®Isl idudkHh 6.2 6.7 7.6 6.9 3.3 0.9 3.7
fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh ^2006$07 = 100& - ,laIHuh ^ld,m˙Éf√oh wjidkhg& 6.8 4.9 9.2 4.7 2.1 2.8 4.1
ksIamdolhdf.a ñ, or®Ylh ^2013 4 jk ldr®;=j } 100& - jdr®Isl idudkHh - - - - - 3.6 ^wE& 1.7
f;d. ñ, or®Ylh ^1974 = 100& - jdr®Isl idudkHh 11.2 10.6 3.5 9.2 3.2 1.0 4.2
o.foa'ks. wjOuklh ^W!& 7.3^tA& 3.8 10.8 6.2 2.9 ^wE& 0.8 ^w&^wE& 3.6
o.cd'wd' wjOuklh ^W!& 7.3^tA& 3.8 10.9 6.2 2.9 ^wE& 0.8 ^w&^wE& 3.6
ishÆ mämd,l iNdj, fiajlhka i|yd kdñl jegqma wkqmd; or®Ylh ^1978 foie } 100& 32.0 4.6 22.2 5.7 3.7 2.9 0.0
rdcH wxYfha fiajlhka i|yd kdñl jegqma wkqmd; or®Ylh ^2012 } 100& - - - 6.3 10.5 31.7 3.9
wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fiajlhka i|yd kdñl jegqma wkqmd; or®Ylh ^2012 } 100& - - - 9.8 7.6 7.3 7.9
úfoaY fj<|du
fj<| fYaIh ^t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk& -4,825 -9,710 -9,417 -7,609 -8,287 -8,388 ^wE& -9,090
wmkhk 8,626 10,559 9,774 10,394 11,130 10,546 ^wE& 10,310
wdkhk 13,451 20,269 19,190 18,003 19,417 18,935 19,400
fj<| ñ, wkqmd;h ^fjkiaùfï m%;sY;h& 27.4 -8.9 -1.5 4.6 4.3 2.7 ^wE& 3.7
wmkhk tAll jákdlï or®Ylh ^2010 = 100& ^fjkiaùfï m%;sY;h& 40.4 11.1 -7.3 -0.3 2.7 -9.4 ^wE& -1.5
wdkhk tAll jákdlï or®Ylh ^2010 = 100& ^fjkiaùfï m%;sY;h& 10.2 22.0 -5.8 -4.7 -1.5 -11.8 -5.1
wmkhk m˙ud or®Ylh ^2010 = 100& ^fjkiaùfï m%;sY;h& -13.3 10.2 -0.2 6.7 4.3 4.6 -0.7
wdkhk m˙ud or®Ylh ^2010 = 100& ^fjkiaùfï m%;sY;h& 19.6 23.6 0.5 -1.5 9.5 10.6 -7.9
úfoaY uQ,H ^t'c'fvd,¾ ñ,shk&
fiajd yd wdodhï .sKqu ^Y=oaO& 90 452 43 -572 72 312 ^wE& 695
cx.u fm!oa.,sl ixl%du ^Y=oaO& 3,608 4,583 5,339 5,619 6,199 6,167 6,434
cx.u ks, ixl%du ^Y=oaO& 52 60 53 21 28 27 19
cx.u .sKqfï fYaIh -1,075 -4,615 -3,982 -2,541 -1,988 -1,883 ^wE& -1,942
iuia; fYaIh 921 -1,059 151 985 1,369 -1,489 -500
^w& ;djld,sl ^W& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2011 jifr® isg b†˙hg" kej; nr ;enQ
^wd& fr‚iag%dr® ckrd,a fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jdr®;dj,g wkqj iy ixfYdaê; Y%u n,ld o;a; fY%a◊hla 2016 cQ,s udifha° m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,†'
^we& 2011 olajd jk uOH jdr®Isl ck.yk weia;fïka;= 2001 ck yd ksjdi ix.Kkh u; mokïj ^W!& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska kj mokï jr®Ih ^2010& hgf;a ksl=;a
we;' 2012 isg b†˙hg tu weia;fïka;= 2012 ck yd ksjdi ix.Kkfha wjika jdr®;dj u; lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= Wmfhda.S fldgf.k we;'
mokïj we;' ^t& kj;u ck.yk ixLHd o;a; wkqj weia;fïka;= hdj;ald,Sk lr we;'
^wE& ixfYdaê; ^tA& 2002 mokï jr®Ih u; o;a; mokï fõ'
^b& 2010 jir i|yd l=gqïn ck.ykh f,i jhi wjqre≥ 10 iy Bg jeä ldKavh o 2011 ka miq ^T& fuu w.h f.jqï fYaIfhys weia;fïka;=.; w.hkaj,ska fjkia jkqfha .Kkh ls¯fï°
jhi wjqre≥ 15 iy Bg jeä ldKavh o ksfhdackh fõ' we;sjk ld, mudj fya;=fjks'
^B& 2010 jir i`oyd W;=re m<df;a o;a; we;=<;a fkdfõ' 2011 jifr® isg uqΩ †jhsku wdjrKh
jk m˙† o;a; we;=<;a fõ'
 uQ,sl wd¾Ól o¾Yl ^iïnkaOhs&
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w&
cx.u .sKqfï fYaIh ^o.foa.ks. m%;sY;hla f,i& ^W!&^´& -1.9 -7.1 -5.8 -3.4 -2.5 -2.3 ^wE& -2.4
uqΩ úfoaYSh j;alï ^tu jr®Ifha wdkhk jákdlu wkqj udi .Kk& ^l& 7.7 4.7 5.4 5.7 6.1 5.9 5.2
o< ks, ixÑ; ^tu jr®Ifha wdkhk jákdlu wkqj udi .Kk& 6.4 4.0 4.4 5.0 5.1 4.6 3.7
iuia; Kh fiajd wkqmd;h ^.&
NdKav yd fiajd wmkhkfha m%;sY;hla f,i 16.7 13.2 19.7 26.8 20.8 27.3 ^wE& 25.0
cx.u ,eîïj, m%;sY;hla f,i 11.9 9.3 13.5 18.7 14.5 19.2 ^wE& 17.6
uqΩ úfoaYSh Kh ^o.foa.ks. m%;sY;hla f,i& ^W!&^´& 37.8 50.2 54.2 53.7 54.1 ^wE& 55.7 ^wE& 57.3
úksuh wkqmd;sl
jdr®Isl idudkHh
t'c'fvd,rhlg remsh,a 113.06 110.57 127.60 129.11 130.56 135.94 145.60
ú'.e'ys' tallhlg remsh,a ^p& 172.50 174.54 195.38 196.19 198.35 190.16 202.39
kd'i'ú'w' ^2010 = 100& ^jHjydr uqo,a jr®. 24 lska iukaú; mei& ^c& 100.00 99.84 90.44 91.39 91.99 96.61 92.46
uQ'i'ú'w' ^2010 = 100& ^jHjydr uqo,a jr®. 24 lska iukaú; mei& ^c&^g&^v& 100.00 102.00 95.63 101.13 103.77 109.50 106.94
jr®Ih wjidkfha °
t'c'fvd,rhlg remsh,a 110.95 113.90 127.16 130.75 131.05 144.06 149.80
ú'.e'ys' tallhlg remsh,a ^p& 170.84 174.87 195.31 201.36 189.86 199.63 201.38
rdcH uQ,H ^o'foa'ks' m%;sY;hla f,i& ^W!& ^;&
wdodhu iy m%∞k 13.0 13.6 12.2 12.0 11.6 13.3 14.3
wd∞hu 12.7 13.4 12.0 11.9 11.5 13.3 14.2
bka" n≥ wd∞hu 11.3 11.7 10.4 10.5 10.1 12.4 12.4
m%∞k 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
úhou yd Y=oaO Kh °ï 20.0 19.9 17.8 17.4 17.3 20.9 19.7
mqkrdjr®;k úhoï 14.6 14.2 13.0 12.6 12.8 15.5 14.8
m%d.aOk úhoï yd Y=oaO Kh °u 5.3 5.7 4.9 4.8 4.6 5.4 4.9
jr®;k .sKqfï ysÛh (–) $ w;s˙la;h (+) -1.9 -0.8 -0.9 -0.7 -1.2 -2.3 -0.6
m%d:ñl ysÛh (–) $ w;s˙la;h (+) -1.5 -1.3 -0.9 -0.8 -1.5 -2.9 -0.2
iuia; ysÛh (–) $ w;s˙la;h (+) -7.0 -6.2 -5.6 -5.4 -5.7 -7.6 -5.4
whjeh ysÛh uQ,Hkh 7.0 6.2 5.6 5.4 5.7 7.6 5.4
úfoaYSh 3.8 3.0 3.3 1.3 2.1 2.2 3.3
foaYSh 3.2 3.2 2.3 4.1 3.7 5.4 2.1
uOHu rcfha Kh 71.6 71.1 68.7 70.8 71.3 77.6 79.3
úfoaYSh 31.6 32.3 31.7 30.9 30.0 32.4 34.2
foaYSh 40.0 38.8 37.0 40.0 41.3 45.3 45.1
uqo,a iuia; ^jd¾Isl ,laIHuh fjki - ishhg&
ixÑ; uqo,a 18.8 21.9 10.2 0.9 18.3 16.5 27.1
mgq uqo,a (M1) 20.9 7.7 2.6 7.7 26.3 16.8 8.6
mqΩ,a uqo,a (M2b) ^o& 15.8 19.1 17.6 16.7 13.4 17.8 18.4
nexl= l%uh i;= Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alï -6.1 -74.0 -126.3 -195.5 119.8 -2,071.2 22.4
nexl= l%uh i;= Y=oaO foaYSh j;alï 22.1 39.7 23.4 18.3 10.5 26.0 15.9
nexl= l%uh u.ska imhk ,o foaYSh Kh
rchg ^Y=oaO& -2.1 32.9 25.4 24.5 10.3 22.5 12.1
rdcH ixia:dj,g 97.4 37.3 47.3 24.8 22.2 17.2 -5.3
fm!oa.,sl wxYhg 24.9 34.5 17.6 7.5 8.8 25.1 21.9
M2b i|yd uqo,a .=Klh ^jr®I wjidk& 5.80 5.67 6.05 7.00 6.71 6.78 6.31
M2b ys ixirK m%fõ.h ^jr®Ih i|yd idudkHh& ^W!& 3.34 3.15 3.17 2.99 2.85 2.62 2.40
fmd,S wkqmd;sl ^j¾I wjidkfha § j¾Ihlg ishhg&
ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd;slh ^SDFR& ^k& 7.25 7.00 7.50 6.50 6.50 6.00 7.00
ks;H Kh myiqlï wkqmd;slh ^SLFR& ^k& 9.00 8.50 9.50 8.50 8.00 7.50 8.50
uqo,a fj<`ofmd< fmd,S wkqmd;sl
n˙; idudkH talaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slh 8.03 8.97 9.83 7.66 6.21 6.40 8.42
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a M,∞ wkqmd;sl
†k 91 7.24 8.68 10.00 7.54 5.74 6.45 8.72
†k 364 7.55 9.31 11.69 8.29 6.01 7.30 10.17
;ekam;= wkqmd;sl
jd◊c nexl=j, n˙; idudkH ;ekam;= wkqmd;slh 6.23 7.24 10.10 9.37 6.20 6.20 8.17
jd◊c nexl=j, n˙; idudkH ia:djr ;ekam;= wkqmd;slh 8.20 8.95 13.21 11.78 7.33 7.57 10.46
cd;sl b;s˙ls˙fï nexl=fõ b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;= wkqmd;slh 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 4.25
cd;sl b;s˙ls˙fï nexl=fõ udi 12 ia:djr ;ekam;= wkqmd;slh 8.50 8.50 12.50 9.50 6.50 7.25 11.00
Kh fmd,S wkqmd;sl
jd◊c nexl=j, n˙; idudkH m%uqL Kh fmd,S wkqmd;slh 9.29 10.77 14.40 10.13 6.26 7.53 11.52
jd◊c nexl=j, n˙; idudkH Kh fmd,S wkqmd;slh 14.80 13.44 15.98 15.18 11.91 11.00 13.20
m%d.aOk fj<|fmd<
iuia; fldgia ñ, or®Ylh ^1985 = 100& 6,635.9 6,074.4 5,643.0 5,912.8 7,299.0 6,894.5 6,228.3
ñ,xl ñ, or®Ylh ^1998 foie' = 1"000& ^m& 7,061.5 5,229.2 5,119.1 - - - -
tia wekaâ mS tia t,a 20 or®Ylh ^2004 foie' = 1"000& ^m& - - 3,085.3 3,263.9 4,089.1 3,625.7 3,496.4
wf,ú l< fldgia jákdlu ^re' ñ,shk& 570,327 546,256 213,827 200,468 340,917 253,251 176,935
Y=oaO úfoaYSh ñ,° .ekSï ^re' ñ,shk& -26,335 -19,039 38,661 22,783 21,217 -5,372 338
fj<|fmd< m%d.aOkSlrKh ^re' ì,shk& 2,210.5 2,213.9 2,167.6 2,459.9 3,104.9 2,938.0 2,745.4
^´& t'c' fvd,r®j,ska .Kkh lrk ,o o'foa'ks' u; mokï fõ' ^v& fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylfha mokï jr®Ih 2013 wkqj hdj;ald,Sk ùu iu`. uq'i'ú'w' kej;
^l& úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack iy fj<`o Kh iy w;a;sldrï f,i ,o úfoaYSh j;alï we;=<;a fkdfõ' .Kkh lr we;'
^.& iuia; Kh fiajd wkqmd;h" cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,a ^cd'uQ'w'& úfoaYSh Kh ixLHdk ixialrKh ^;& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2017 udr®;= 15 †k ksl=;a lrk ,o 2014 iy
^2003& g wkqrEm jk m˙† wdmiq f.ùï we;=<;a jk f,i m%;sjr®.SlrKh lr we;' 2015 ixfYdaê; o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
^p& cd'uQ'w' .sKqï tallh jk úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï ^ú'.e'ys'&
^o& 2015 iy 2016 jirj, o;a; i`oyd 2015 Tlaf;danr® 1 jk †k isg ls%hd;aul jk m˙† ã'tµa'iS'iS'
^c& úksuh wkqmd;sl" or®Ylhka wkqj wr®: olajd we;s w;r" tA wkqj wfkl=;a jHjydr uqo,aj,g idfmalI
a j
jr®Ok nexl=j iu. tAldnoaO jQ ã'tµa'iS'iS' mS't,a'iS' iud.fï j;alï yd j.lSï o we;=<;a fõ'
remshf,ys w.h jeäùu fyda wvqùu iM, úksuh wkqmd;sl or®Ylj, w.h by<hEu fyda my<hEu
u.ska iDcqju ms<sìUq fõ' ^k& 2014 ckjd˙ 2 isg m%;sñ,° .ekqï iy m%;súl=Kqï wkqmd;sl" ms<sfj<ska" ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï
^g& uQr®; iM, úksuh wkqmd;slh ^uQ'i'ú'w'& .Kkh ls¯u i|yd fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh Ndú;d wkqmd;slh iy ks;H Kh myiqlï wkqmd;slh f,i kï lrk ,°'
lr we;' uQ'i'ú'w' .Kkh lrkqfha meig we;=<;a uqo,a jr®. wh;a rgj, WoaOuk fjki kdñl ^m& 2013 ckjd˙ 1 jeks †k isg n,meje;afjk m˙† ñ,xl ñ, or®Ylh fjkqjg tia wekaâ mS tia t,a
iM, úksuh wkqmd;slhg ^kd'i'ú'w'& .e<mSu u`.sks' 20 or®Ylh y`≥kajd fok ,°'
 uQ,sl iudc o¾Yl
fN!;sl ,laIK iy foaY.=Kh
N+f.da,Sh msysàu N+ñ m%udKh
W;=re wlaIdxY 50 55' iy 90 50' w;r uqΩ m%udKh ( jr®. ls'ó' 65,610
kef.kysr foaYdxY 790 31' iy 810 53' w;r ìï m%udKh ( jr®. ls'ó' 62,705
wNHka;r c,dY ( jr®. ls'ó' 2,905
ÿr m%udKh
W;=fr® isg ol=Kg ls'ó' 433 ^ie;mqï 269& foaY.=Kh
ngysr isg kef.kysrg ls'ó' 226 ^ie;mqï 140& my; rg ( wju 24.70 fi,aishia - Wm˙u 32.60 fi,aishia
Wi m%udKh l`≥ rg ( wju 18.50 fi,aishia - Wm˙u 27.70 fi,aishia
Wm˙u Wi ógr® 2,525 ^wä 8,284& jdr®Isl jr®Idm;kh ^idudkHh& ñ,s ógr ( 2015 : 2,131
2016 : 1,351
ck.ykh iy Ôj ixLHd;s
ck.yk ixLHd;s ^w& wdodhï jHdma;sh ^wd&
uOH jdr®Isl ck.ykh ('000) (2016) : 21,203 l==gqïN wd∞hfï .sks ix.=Klh (2012/13) : 0.48
jhia ldKav wkqj jHdma;sh ('000) (2016) idudkH wdodhu (2012/13) : uilg re' 45,878
wjq 0 - 14 : 5,348 uOHia: wdodhu (2012/13) : uilg re' 30,814
wjq 15 - 64 : 14,187 oßø;dj
wjq 65 iy Bg jeä : 1,668 †klg ,nd .kakd lsf,da le,˙ m%udKh (2012/13) ^wd& : 2,111
ck.yk >k;ajh jr®. ls'ó' g mqoa.,hska (2016) : 338 †<s∫ l=gqïN m%;sY;h : 15.2 (2006/07)
o< Wm;a wkqmd;h ck.ykh 1,000 lg (2016) : 15.6 : 8.9 (2009/10)
o< urK wkqmd;h ck.ykh 1,000 lg (2016) : 6.2 : 6.7 (2012/13) ^wd&
iajdNdúl jr®Ok fõ.h ck.ykh 1,000 lg (2016) : 9.4 udkj ixj¾Ok o¾Ylh ^2015& : 0.766
<ore urK wkqmd;h i„ú Wm;a 1,000 lg (2013) : 8.2 rgj,a 188 la w;r YS% ,xldfõ ;;a;ajh : 73
hemSï wkqmd;h (2016) : 49.4%
fiajd kshqla;sh ^2016&
l=gqïnhl idud‚l ixLHdfõ idudkH (2012/13) ^wd& : 3.9 :
fiajd kshqla;slhka ^Z000& ^we& 7,948
lDIslr®udka; : 27.1%
Wmf;a§ Ôú; wfmalaIdj ^2015& : 75.0 :
lr®udka; 26.4%
fiajd : 46.5%
idlaIr;dj ^2015& ^we&
idudkH : 93.2% rdcH wxYfha fiajlhka ixLHdj ^'000& ^wE& : 1,399
rdcH wxYh : 53.5%
ms˙ñ : 94.1%
m<d;a rdcH wxYh : 29.3%
.eyeKq : 92.4%
wr®O rdcH wxYh : 17.2%
fN!;sl" iudc iy uQ,H há;, myiqlï
tAllh 2016 tAllh 2016

m%jdykh c, iïmdokh iy ikSmdrlaIdj

uyd udr®.j, †. m%udKh ^ta iy î& ls'ó' 12,210 ms˙is≥ mdkSh c, myiqlï i|yd m%fõYh ^wd& m%;sY;h 89.7
wêfõ.S udr®.j, †. m%udKh ls'ó' 170 k< c, myiqlï i|yd m%fõYh m%;sY;h 47.7
fufyhqï lghq;= is≥ flfrk
≥ï˙h udr®.j, †. m%udKh ls'ó' 1,562 idudkH wOHdmkh

úÿ,sn,h mdi,a >k;ajh

^mdi,lska wdjrKh jk N+ñ m%udKh& jr®. ls'ó' 6.5
ú≥,sn,h i`oyd we;s m%fõYh m%;sY;h 99.3
.=re$YsIH wkqmd;h
tal mqoa., ú≥,sn, m˙fNdackh ls'fjd'me' 603.0
^rcfha mdi,aj,& ixLHdj 18
m‚◊jqv yqjudrej jhia úfYaIs; we;=<;aùfï wkqmd;h m%;sY;h 97.4
≥rl:k >k;ajh m%d:ñl Y=oaO we;=<;aùfï wkqmd;h m%;sY;h 95.9
ia:ßr ≥rl:k mqoa.,hska 100 lg 12.0
úYajúoHd, wOHdmkh ^W&
cx.u ≥rl:k o we;=<;aj mqoa.,hska 100 lg 135.7
.=re$YsIH wkqmd;h ixLHdj 17.5
wka;r®cd, ^b& mqoa.,hska 100 lg 23.2
jhia úfYaIs; we;=<;aùfï wkqmd;h
;eme,a ldr®hd,hlska fiajdj
^jhi wjqre≥ 19-23& ^W!& m%;sY;h 6.9
,nk mqoa.,hka ixLHdj 4,520
uQ,H wdh;k w'fmd'i' Wiia fm< isg úYajúoHd,hg
nexl= we;=<;aùu i|yd iq≥iqlï ,enQ m%udKh m%;sY;h 51.4
n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= YdLd ^B& ixLHdj 2,984 we;=<;aùï - iq≥iqlï ,enQjkaf.a
n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= YdLd ^B& ixLHdj 630 m%;sY;hla f,i m%;sY;h 18.6
Ndú;fha mj;sk Kh ldâm;a mqoa.,hska 100,000 lg 6,206 wOHdmkh i|yd rcfha úhoï ^t& o'foa'ks' m%;sY;hla f,i 2.0
nexl= >k;ajh mqoa.,hska 100,000 lg uyck fi!LHh
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n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï YdLd ixLHdj 1,225 ffjoHjrfhla i|yd mqoa.,hska ixLHdj 1,036
úfYaIs; l,an≥ iud.ï YdLd ixLHdj 88 fyo fiajl mqoa.,hska 10"000 lg 15.3
iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% (ATMs) mqoa.,hska 100,000 lg 18 fi!LH i|yd rcfha úhou o'foa'ks' m%;sY;hla f,i 1.6

^w& fr‚iag%dr® ckrd,a fomdr®;fïka;=j uQ,hka( w∞< wdh;k iy udkj ixjr®Ok jdr®;dj 2016
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^we& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2011 jifr® isg b†˙hg" kej; nr ;enq iy ixfYdaê; ^W& úYajúoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj hgf;a mj;sk úYajúoHd,j, f;dr;=re we;=<;a fõ'
Y%u n,ld o;a; fY%a◊hla 2016 cq,s udifha ° m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,†' fuh uqΩ †jhsku wdjrKh jk ^W!& wNHka;r jYfhka ,shdm†xÑ isiqka muKla we;=<;a fõ'
m˙† mj;ajkq ,nk ldr®;=uh Y%u n,ld iólaIKh u; mokï fõ' ^t& idudkH iy Wiia wOHdmkh i|yd jQ rcfha úhoï
^wE& YS% ,xld uy nexl=j u.ska mj;ajkq ,nk rdcH wxYfha fiajd kshqla;sh ms<sn`o jdr®Isl iólaIKh u;
mokï fõ'
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1'1 iuia; ksÍlaIK
Y%S
,xld wdr®:ßlh" wúksYaÑ; ld,iSudjlska
miq 2016 jir ;=< °" rch iy Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j úiska l%shd;aul lrk ,o m%;sm;a;s
l%shdudr®. i|yd m%;spdr olajñka l%ufhka ia:dhS
njg m;a ùfï uQ,sl ,laIK fmkakqï lf<ah'
whym;a ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajfhys n,mEu yd
f.da,Sh wdr®:ßlh fifuka h:d ;;a;ajhg m;aùu
fya;=fjka fmr jifr® ° jdr®;d lrk ,o ishhg
4'8 l uQr®; wdr®:ßl jr®Okh yd iei£fï °
Y%S ,xld wdr®:ßlh 2016 jir ;=< ° ishhg 4'4 l
ukao.dó jr®Okhla jdr®;d l< o" ±ä rdcH uQ,H
iy uqo,a m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul ùu uOHfha mjd jifr®
fojeks ldr®;=fõ isg l%ufhka Yla;su;a jk ldr®;=uh
wdr®:ßl jr®Okhla olakg ,enq◊' úfYaIfhka"
b†ls¯ï wxYh m%Odk fldgf.k wdfhdack úhou
by< hEu jir ;=< wdr®:ßl jr®Okhg uQ,slj fya;= jQ
w;r" m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®.j,g m%;spdr jYfhka
m˙fNdack úhofuys jr®Okh ukao.dó úh' jifr®
m<uq isõui ;=< wvq uÜgul mej;s WoaOukh
miqj l%ufhka by< .sh w;r" 2016 jir wjidkh
jk úg cd;sl md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh ^cd'md'ñ'o'"
2013 } 100& iy fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh
^fld'md'ñ'o'" 2013 } 100& hk or®Yl wkqj ukskq
,nk jdr®Isl idudkH WoaOukh ishhg 4'0 la úh'
2016 jifr® we;eï udi fukau" 2017 jifr® m<uq
ldr®;=j ;=< ° by< WoaOukhla we;s ùu i|yd
ld,.=◊l fya;= ksid we;sjQ wjysr;dj, whym;a
n,mEu" rcfha n≥ ixfYdaOk yd cd;Hka;r
NdKav ñ, .Kka by< hEu fya;= jqj o" uQ,sl
WoaOukh by< uÜgul mej;Su ;=<ska wdr®:ßlfhys
1
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wdr®:ßlfhys we;eï wxY fj;ska wdkhk i|yd jQ
b,aÆu by< hEu" iSñ; foaYSh NdKav mei i|yd
jk úfoaYSh b,aÆu ≥r®j, uÜgul mej;Su" úfoaYSh
Rcq wdfhdack m%jdy wdlr®IKh lr .ekSug †.ska
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fya;= jQ úfoaY fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< hEfuys n,mEu
úfoaYSh wxYfhys .sKqïj, úp,khka ;=<ska
fmkakqï lf<ah' ixpdrl bmehSï" fjk;a fiajd
wmkhk fukau" úfoaY fiajd kshqla;slhkaf.a
fm%aIK by< hEu uOHfha jqj o" fuu whym;a
m%jK;d fya;=fjka f.jqï ;=,kh wLKavj
fojeks jirg;a ys`.hla jdr®;d lf<ah' jifr® m<uq
isõui ;=< foaYSh úfoaY úksuh fj<|fmd< ;=<
uy nexl=fõ by< ue†y;aùula wLKavj mej;s w;r"
tu ksid tu ld,h ;=< úksuh wkqmd;slh ia:djrj
mej;sK' flfia jqj o" bka miq ld,iSudfõ ° rdcH
iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmd< fj;ska úfoaYSh wdfhdack
bj;a lr.ekSu fya;=fjka úksuh wkqmd;slh u;
we;s jk mSvkh uevmeje;aùu i|yd muKla
is≥lrk ,o uy nexl=fõ ue†y;aùu iSud ls¯u
;=<ska úksuh wkqmd;slh jeä jYfhka fj<|fmd<
;;a;ajh wkqj yev .eiSug bv i,ikq ,eìK'
b,aÆï mSvk ;=<ska WoaOukh by< hEug we;s
yelshdj fya;=fjka uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh ±ä ls¯ug;a"
±ä uqo,a ;;a;ajhla mj;ajd .ekSug;a Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j jir mqrd lghq;= lf<ah' ta wkqj" 2016
ckjd˙ udifha isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† n,m;%,dNS
jd◊c nexl=j, ishÆu remsh,a ;ekam;=j,g w∞<
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
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1
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l<ukdlrK WmlrKhla f,i jákdlu u;
Wm˙u Kh wkqmd;slhla wLKavj l%shd;aul
ls¯ug wu;rj" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j m<uqj" 2016
fmnrjd˙ udifha °;a fojkqj" 2016 cQ,s udifha °;a
ish m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl foj;djl ° mokï
wxl 100 lska by< kexùh' uy nexl=fõ újg
fj<|fmd< lghq;= ;=<ska m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl
fld˙fvdafõ by< iSudj olajd fláld,Sk fmd,S
wkqmd;sl fufyhjkq ,enQ w;r" tu.ska fj<|fmd<
fmd,S wkqmd;sl jHqyh ie,lsh hq;= f,i by<
.sfhah' uqo,a ;;a;ajh l%ufhka ±ä ùu fya;=fjka
mq`M,a uqo,a iemhqu jr®Okh ùfï fõ.h md,kh jQ
w;r" 2016 jifr® cQ,s ui ° jdr®Isl ,laIHuh
moku u; ishhg 28'5 l by<u jr®Okhla jdr®;d
lrk ,o n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl
wxYhg imhk ,o Kh m%udKfhys jr®Okh o
jir wjidkh jk úg ishhg 21'9 la olajd
ukao.dó úh' flfia jqj o" uqo,a yd Kh m%idrKh
my; jeàfï fõ.h wfmalaIs; uÜgug jvd wvq
uÜgul mej;sK' ta wkqj" WoaOuk wfmalaId
l<ukdlrKh i|yd jeä m%uqL;djla iys; b†˙
ld,Sk ±laulska hq;= uqo,a m%;sm;a;s rduqjla ;=<
l%shd;aul jk Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j" ue† ld,Sk
jYfhka WoaOukh ue†-;ks w.hl mj;ajd .ekSfï
ish wNs,dIh fj<|fmd< fj; fmkakqï lrñka" 2017
udr®;= udifha ° m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl kej;;a
mokï wxl 25 lska by< kexùh' fï w;r" úfoaYSh
yd foaYSh hk fowxYfhysu mj;sk wNsfhda.d;aul
fj<|fmd< ;;a;ajhkag Tfrd;a;= °fï yelshdj
fmkakqï lrñka" wdr®:ßlfhys uQ,H wxYh jir ;=< °
;j≥rg;a mq`M,a úh' fï w;r" rdcH uQ,H lghq;=j,
wd∞hï yd úhoï hk fowxYfhkau hym;a
l%shdld˙;ajhla fmkakqï lrñka iuia; whjeh
ys`.h o< foaYSh ksIamd†;fhys ^o'foa'ks'fhys&
m%;sY;hla f,i wfmalaIs; ishhg 5'4 uÜgfuys
r|jd .ekSug rdcH uQ,H wxYhg yels úh' fuu
iqnjd° jr®Okh yuqfõ jqjo" iuia; idr®j wdr®:ßl
m%;sm;a;s rduqj ;=< rdcH uQ,H lghq;= fufyhùug
we;s bvlv l%ufhka weys¯ hEu ms<sìUq lrñka
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i uOHu rcfha Kh
by< hEu" rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d l%shdj,sh ;sridr
f,i mj;ajd .ekSug wLKavj m%h;ak ±¯fï
wjYH;dj fmkakqï lf<ah'
wfmalaId lrkq ,nk m˙† Y%S ,xld wdr®:ßlh
by< jr®Ok udj;la ;=< ia:djr f,i r|jd
.ekSug kï wdr®:ßlh ;=< †.=ld,Skj mj;sk
jHqyd;aul .egÆ úi¢h hq;= nj 2016 jifr® Y%S ,xld
2
wdr®:ßlfhys l%shdld˙;ajh ;=<ska h<s wjOdrKh
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m%;sm;a;s ieliSu i|yd cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo,
^cd'uQ' wruqo,& jeks nyqmdr®Yaùh wdh;kj, o
iyfhda.h iys;j" rch úiska uE;l ° f.k we;s
l%shdudr®. meiish hq;= w;r" f.da,Sh ksIamdok
cd,h iu`. iómj taldnoaO fjñka" wdr®:ßlfhys
M,∞hs;dj yd ldr®hlaIu;dj by< kexùug;a" Rcq
úfoaY wdfhdack wdlr®IKh lr .ekSug yd foaYSh
fm!oa.,sl wxYfhys wdfhdack †˙u;a ls¯ug;a ;=vq
fok m˙† tu m%;sm;a;s fkdmudj yd ia:djr f,i
l%shd;aul l< hq;= fõ'
1'2 2016 jif¾ id¾j wd¾Ól j¾Okhka"
ia:dhS;dj iy m%;sm;a;suh m%;spdr
uQ¾; wxYfha j¾Okhka iy WoaOukh
2016 jifr® ° Y%S ,xld wdr®:ßlh" úúO f.da,Sh
yd foaYSh wNsfhda. /ila uOHfha jqjo" ishhg
4'4 lska uQr®; jYfhka jr®Okh úh' jir ;=<
mej;s whym;a ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajh wdr®:ßl lghq;=
flfrys" uQ,sl jYfhka lDIsldr®ñl wxYh flfrys
wys;lr f,i n,mEfõh' uQ,H fiajd ^ishhg 12'4&"
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fukau m%jdyk ^ishhg 4'1& iy f;d. yd is,a,r
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uQr®; o'foa'ks'fhka ishhg 56'5 l ∞hl;ajhla
olajk fiajd wdY%s; l%shdldrlï 2016 jir ;=< °
jdr®Isl ,laIHuh moku u; ishhg 4'2 lska
jr®Okh úh' tlaj .;a l, o'foa'ks'hg ishhg 10'0 l
∞hl;ajhla olajk b†ls¯ï iy m;,a yd le”ï
hk Wm wxY" ms<sfj<ska" ishhg 14'9 lska yd ishhg
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wxYh ;=< wvx.= ksIamdok lghq;= ishhg 1'7 l
wvq w.hlska jr®Okh úh' lDIslr®udka;h" jk
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2016 jir ;=< ° ishhg 4'2 lska wvq jQ w;r" tys
m%;sM,hla f,i 2016 jifr® ° tu l%shdldrlï
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ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajh fya;=fjka m%Odk jYfhka ù" f;a
iy rnr® hk Wm wxYj, jr®Okh my< .sfhah'
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2016 jir ;=< ° wdr®:ßl jr®Okh i|yd wdfhdack
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1'1 ixLHd igyk

1
id¾j wd¾Ól ls%hdldß;ajh ^2012-2016&

or®Ylh tallh 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&

uQr;
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uQr;
® o'foa'ks' jr®Okh ishhg 9.1 3.4 5.0^w& 4.8^wd& 4.4
mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj o'foa'ks' remsh,a ì,shk 8,732 9,592 10,361^w& 10,952^wd& 11,839
tal mqo.
a , o'foa'ks' ^wE& t'c' fvd,r® 3,351 3,609 3,821^w& 3,843^wd& 3,835

úfoaYh
S wxYh
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cx.u .sKf q ï fYaIh ^we& o'foa'ks'fha ] jYfhka -5.8 -3.4 -2.5 -2.3 -2.4
iuia; fYaIh t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 151 985 1,369 -1,489 -500
úfoaYhS ks, ixÑ; t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 7,106 7,495 8,208 7,304 6,019

rdcH uQ,H wxYh ^we& ^b&

jr®;k .sKfq ï fYaIh o'foa'ks'fha ] jYfhka -0.9 -0.7 -1.2 -2.3 -0.6
iuia; whjeh fYaIh o'foa'ks'fha ] jYfhka -5.6 -5.4 -5.7 -7.6 -5.4
uOHu rcfha Kh o'foa'ks'fha ] jYfhka 68.7 70.8 71.3 77.6 79.3

uqo,a wxYh iy WoaOukh

mqΩ,a uqo,a jr®Okh (M2b) ^B& ishhg 17.6 16.7 13.4 17.8 18.4
fm!oa.,sl wxYhg ,nd≥ka Kh jr®Okh (M2b ys) ^B& ishhg 17.6 7.5 8.8 25.1 21.9
jdr®Il
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^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& ;djld,sl uqo,a wud;HdxYh
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o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wE& kj;u ck.yk ixLHd o;a; wkqj weia;fïka;= hdj;ald,Sk lr we;'
^b& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2017 udr®;= 15 †k ksl=;a lrk ,o 2014 iy 2015
ixfYdaê; o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
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l%shdldrlï uÜgu ms<sìUq lrk o< foaYSh m%d.aOk m˙fNdack úhoï" kdñl jYfhka ishhg 4'1 l
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lDIsldr®ñl lr®udka; fiajd 22'5 lska& wvq úh' fuu m%jK;d uOHfha jqjo" jir
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1'2 ixLHd igyk

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mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj iuia; b,a¨u iy b;sßlsÍï - wdfhdack mr;rh ^w&^wd&

o'foa'ks' fhys
remsh,a ì,shk jr®Okh ]
YSr®Ih m%;sY;hla f,i
2015 ^we& 2016 2015 ^we& 2016 2015 ^we& 2016

1' foaYh
Ss b,aÆu 11,776.6 12,742.8 5.2 8.2 107.5 107.6
1'1 m˙fNdackh 8,661.9 9,018.9 10.3 4.1 79.1 76.2
fm!oa.,sl 7,677.1 8,003.8 10.0 4.3 70.1 67.6
rdcH 984.8 1,015.1 13.4 3.1 9.0 8.6

1'2 wdfhdack ^o< foaYh

S m%d.aOk iïmdokh& 3,114.7 3,723.9 -7.0 19.6 28.4 31.5

2' Y=oO
a úfoaYh
S b,aÆu -824.9 -903.8 1.4 -9.6 -7.5 -7.6
NdKav yd fiajd wmkhk 2,301.1 2,538.7 5.3 10.3 21.0 21.4
NdKav yd fiajd wdkhk 3,125.9 3,442.5 3.5 10.1 28.5 29.1

3' uqΩ b,aÆu ^o'foa'ks'& ^1+2& 10,951.7 11,839.0 5.7 8.1 100.0 100.0

4' foaYh
s b;s˙ls¯ï ^3-1'1& 2,289.8 2,820.1 -8.8 23.2 20.9 23.8
fm!oa.,sl 2,536.6 2,891.8 -3.9 14.0 23.2 24.4
rdcH -246.8 -71.7 -93.3 70.9 -2.3 -0.6

5' úfoaYh
S Y=oO
a m%d:ñl wdodhu ^wE& -281.3 -332.8 -19.2 -18.3 -2.6 -2.8

6' úfoaYh
S Y=oO
a cx.u ixl%du 842.1 939.8 3.6 11.6 7.7 7.9

7' cd;sl b;s˙ls¯ï ^4+5+6& 2,850.6 3,427.1 -7.7 20.2 26.0 28.9

8' b;s˙ls¯ï wdfhdack mr;rh

foaYh
S b;=reï-wdfhdack ^4-1'2& -824.9 -903.8 -7.5 -7.6
cd;sl b;s˙ls¯ï-wdfhdack ^7-1'2& -264.1 -296.8 -2.4 -2.5

9' úfoaYh
S cx.u .sKï
q fYaIh ^2+5+6& ^wE& -264.1 -296.8 -2.4 -2.5
^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& ixfYdaê;
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ld, mudj fya;=fjks'

1'2 rEm igyk b;=reï by< hEu fya;=fjka" foaYSh b;=reï kdñl
b;sßlsÍï" wdfhdack yd b;=reï - wdfhdack mr;rh o'foa'ks'fhka ishhg 23'8 la olajd jr®Okh úh'
^o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i&
úfoaYSh Y=oaO m%d:ñl wd∞hu wvq jqjo" úfoaYSh Y=oaO
45 14 cx.u ixl%du by< hEfuys m%;sM,hla f,i 2016

40
12 jir ;=< ° cd;sl b;=reï o jr®Okh úh' ta wkqj"
35
10
cd;sl b;=reï" kdñl o'foa'ks'fha m%;sY;hla f,i
30
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ ishhg 26'0 g idfmalaIj
ishhg

ishhg

25 8
2016 jifr® ° ishhg 28'9 la olajd jr®Okh úh'
20 6
15
wdfhdack iy b;=reïj, by< hEu;a iu`." 2016
4
10 jifr® ° foaYSh b;=reï-wdfhdack mr;rh fukau
5
2 cd;sl b;=reï-wdfhdack mr;rh o" ms<sfj<ska"
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
0 o'foa'ks'fhka ishhg 7'6 la iy o'foa'ks'fhka ishhg
o< wdfhdackh o< foaYSh b;=reï
2'5 la f,i fmr jirg idfmalaIj fkdfjkiaj
o< cd;sl b;=reï foaYSh b;=reï-wdfhdack mej;=◊'
cd;sl b;=reï-wdfhdack mr;rh ^ol=Kq wlaIh&
mr;rh ^ol=Kq wlaIh&
lDIslr®udka;h" jk j.dj iy ëjr lr®udka;h
uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j wdY%s; l%shdldrïj, tl;= l< w.h fmr jifr® °
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
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4
 wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s
jifr® ° ishhg 4'2 lska wvq úh' fuys m%;sM,hla
f,i" o'foa'ks'hg fuu wxYfhys ∞hl;ajh 2015
jifr® ° mej;s ishhg 7'8 yd iei£fï ° 2016
jifr® ° ishhg 7'1 la olajd ;j≥rg;a wvq úh'
lDIsldr®ñl wxYfha jr®Okh wvq ùug jir ;=<
mej;s whym;a ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajh úfYaIfhka
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^ishhg -10'7& iy fmd,a ^ishhg -1'5& jir ;=< ° ±ä
n,mEug ,laa jQ wxY úh' 2015 jir ;=< ° jdr®;d jQ
by<u wiajekafkka miq" 2015$16 uy lkakh
;=< ù ksIamdokfhyss ishhg 0'9 l iq`M jr®Okhla
±lsh yels jqj o" 2016 jifr® h, lkakfha °
ksIamdokh ishhg 21'9 lska wvq ùu" ù ksIamdokh
my< hEug m%Odk fya;=j úh' b,aÆï yd iemhqï
fowxYfhysu n,mEï fya;=fjka 2016 jir ;=< °
f;a ksIamdokh ie,lsh hq;= f,i my; jegq◊'
2016 jifr® uq,a ld,fha ° f;a j.d ìï wdY%s;j
mej;s †.=ld,Sk kshx ;;a;ajh" 2016 jir ueo °
mej;s w∫re ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajhka iu`. fjkia jQ
ld,.=K rgd iy 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg
mej;s ±ä kshx ;;a;ajh" f;a ksIamdokh wvq ùug
fya;= úh' fmdfydr iy j,akdYl Ndú;h wvq ùu o
f;a ksIamdokh wvq ùu i|yd fya;= jkakg we;'
m%Odk wmkhk .ukdka;j,ska mej;s wvq b,aÆï
;;a;ajh fya;=fjka" úfYaIfhkau jifr® m<uq
Nd.fha ° cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<ys idudkH
f;a ñ, t'c' fvd,r® jákdlu wkqj ie,lSfï °
ia:djr uÜgul mej;=◊' Lksc f;,a ñ, .Kka
wvq uÜgul mej;Su yuqfõ cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd<
;=< iajNdúl rnr® ñ, .Kka my< hEu fya;=fjka
ls˙ lemSfï ìï m%udKh yd ls˙ lemSu is≥ lrk †k
.Kk wvq ùu ksid rnr® ksIamdokh miq.sh jir
50 ;=< mej;s wju ksIamdok m˙udj f;la my;
jeáK' fmd,a ksIamdokh jir ;=< ° iq`M jYfhka
my; jegqKq w;r" fmd,a wdY%s; lr®udka;j,ska
mej;s by< b,aÆu iy by< wmkhk ñ, .Kkaj,
m%;sM,hla f,i foaYSh fmd,a ñ, .Kka by<
hEula olakg ,enq◊' jir ;=< mej;s whym;a
ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajfhys n,mEu u; wfkl=;a wdydr
fNda. j.d ls¯u fjkqjg t<j`M j.d ls¯u fj;
udre ùu;a iuÛ m%Odk jYfhka j.d lrk ,o ìï
m%udKh by< hEu fya;=fjka t<j`M ksIamdokfhys
jr®Okhla ±lsh yels úh'
ldIsldr®ñl wxYfha jr®Okh †˙.ekaùu
yd M,∞hs;dj jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd 2016 jifr®
° rch úiska jevigyka lsysmhla wdrïN lrk
,°' f;dard .;a fNda.j,ska rg iajhxfmdaIs;
ls¯u" M,∞hs;dj jeä†hqKq ls¯fï l%shdudr®.
1
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miq wiajkq ydks wvq ls¯u" iemhqï ∞uh iúu;a
ls¯u" j.d ìï m%udKh mq`M,a ls¯u" by< M,∞jla
iys; îc Ndú;h m%p,s; ls¯u iy jeä†hqKq
l< f.dúm< l<ukdlrK lghq;= y∫kajd °u
we;=<;a b,lal .Kkdjla ms<sn|j 2016 - 2018
i|yd jk cd;sl wdydr ksIamdok jevigyk
u.ska wjOdkh fhduq lr we;' j.d lghq;= i|yd
wêl úI iys; lDIs ridhk Ndú;h je<elaùu
iy idïm%∞hsl ù m%fNao Ndú;h h<s y∫kajd °u
wruqKq lr .ksñka §ys;lr lDIslr®udka;hla -
fi!LH iïmkak ck;djla - ji úi ke;s rgla¶
hk f;audj hgf;a ;=ka wjqre≥ cd;sl jevigykla
†h;a lr we;' fï w;r" by< rdcH uQ,H ms˙jehla
orñka jqj o" fmdfydr iykdOdrh f,i uqo,a
m%∞khla ,nd °fï l%ufõoh jir ;=< ° wLKavj
mj;ajd f.k hk ,°' Y%S ,xld f;a uKav,h úiska
§Y%S ,xldfõ wiqrk ,o ms˙is≥ ,xld f;a¶ hk fj<|
kduh hgf;a Y%S ,xldjg wdfõ◊l f;a m%jr®Okh
ls¯u i|yd Wmdhudr®.sl wf,úlrK l%shdudr®.hla
.ekSu" "B Leaf 60" jevigyk wLKavj mj;ajdf.k
hEu yd f;a lr®udka;Yd,dj,g §Wmøj úYaf,aIKh
yd wj∞kï md,kh ls¯fï¶ (HACCP) iy;slh ,nd
.ekSu i|yd †˙.ekaùu fukau f;a lr®udka;Yd,d
kùlrKh ls¯fï jevigyk hgf;a iykdOdr
,nd °u wLKavj lrf.k hk ,o w;r" f;a
mr®fhaIKdh;kh úiska foaY.=◊l úmr®hdi yd
wfkl=;a wys;lr ;;a;ajhkag Tfrd;a;= †h yels
f;a ˙ls,s m%fNao y∫kajd fok ,°' jir 2020 jk
úg cd;sl rnr® ksIamdokh fuá%la fgdka 200 la
olajd by< kexùfï wruq◊ka rnr® ixjr®Ok
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska idïm%∞hslj rnr® j.d
fkdlrk m%foaYj, rnr® j.dj mq`M,a ls¯fï lghq;=
wdrïN lrk ,°' ;jo" cd;Hka;r rnr® ñ, ia:dhS
uÜgul mj;ajd f.k hEu i|yd wjYH ksr®foaY
,nd .ekSug Y%S ,xldj o we;=<;aj iajdNdúl rnr®
ksIamdokh lrk rgj, ix.ufha idud‚lhka úiska
úfYaI{ lñgqjla msysgqjk ,°' w∞< wdh;k úiska
fjkafoais kshdukh ls¯u" †is¢ fmd,a ksIamdok
lghq;= is≥ lrk kj lr®udka;Yd,d msysgqùug
Wmld¯ ùu iy kj fj<|fmd< wjia:d fidhd hEu
jeks fmd,a lr®udka;fha Wkak;shg w∞< l%shdudr®.
/ila .kakd ,°' iSks lr®udka;h jeä†hqKq ls¯u yd
mq`M,a ls¯u i|yd Wla j.dj †hqKq ls¯fï wruq◊ka
5
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
rch úiska Wla mr®fhaIK wdh;kh yd úfoaYSh
1
mr®fhaIK wdh;k w;r úoHd;aul iyfhda.s;dj
we;s ls¯fï jevigykla wdrïN lrk ,o w;r"
lka;f,a iSks lr®udka;Yd,dj h<s msysgqùug o mshjr
.kakd ,°' ud;f,a" wkqrdOmqrh" fmdf<dkakrej
yd ;%sl=Kdu,h †ia;%slalj, lDIsldr®ñl lghq;=
fjkqfjka c,h fn∞ye¯u i|yd l`M .`. jHdmD;sh
iu`. ksjqka jHdmD;shla f,i wdrïN lrk ,o
furg úYd,;u nyqldr®h jd˙udr®. jHdmD;sh yd
uyje,s m%Odk ie,eiafï wjika jHdmD;sh jk
fudr.ylkao c,dYfha b†ls¯ï lghq;= iïmQr®K
lrk ,°' rch úiska kS;s úfrdaë" jdr®;d fkdjk
yd wúêu;a ëjr lghq;= iSud ls¯ug mshjr
.ekSfuys m%;sM,hla f,i jir tlyudrlg wêl
ld,hla mqrd hqfrdamd l,dmfha rgj,g u;aiH
wmkhkh ;ykï lrñka hqfrdamd ix.uh úiska
Y%S ,xldjg tfrysj mkjd ;snQ ;yku" 2016 cqks ui
isg n,meje;afjk m˙† iïmQr®Kfhka bj;a lrk
,°' foaYSh ls˙ ksIamdokh by< kexùu iy ls˙msá
wdkhkh i|yd jk ms˙jeh wju ls¯fï wruqKq
we;sj f;dard.;a †ia;%slalj, úfYaIfhkau" cd;sl
mY= iïm;a ixjr®Ok uKav,hg wh;a Ndú;hg
fkd.kakd yd W!k Wmfhda‚; bvïj," rdcH
fm!oa.,sl yjq,ald˙;ajh hgf;a ls˙ ksIamdok
ixjr®Ok l,dm msysgqùu †˙u;a ls¯ug rch lghq;=
lf<ah'
lr®udka; wdY%s; l%shdldrlïj, tl;= l<
w.h" fmr jifr® mej;s ishhg 2'1 g idfmalaIj
2016 jifr® ° ishhg 6'7 la f,i m%idrKh fjñka
by< jr®Ok udj;lg msúiq◊' lr®udka; wxYfhys
by< jr®Okh i|yd b†ls¯ï wxYfhys mej;s ishhg
14'9 l lemS fmfkk jr®Okh fukau" m;,a yd
le”ï" rnr® iy ma,diaála ksIamdok" uQ,sl f,day
yd ilia l< f,day ksIamdok iy hkaf;%damlrK
yd WmlrK ksIamdok hk wxYj, jr®Okh o fya;=
úh' flfia jqj o" fuu ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< wdydr
ksIamd†;" we`.Æï" mdk jr®." ≥ïfld< ksIamd†;
iy ridhksl øjH yd ridhksl øjH wdY%s;
ksIamd†; hk m%Odk Wm wxY RKd;aul jr®Okhla
jdr®;d lf<ah' jifr® uq,a Nd.fha ° mdk jr®. Wm
wxYfhys ksIamdokh i|yd .xj;=r fya;=fjka ndOd
we;s jqjo" 2016 jir wjidk ld,fha mej;s úh<s
ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajfhys n,mEu fya;=fjka isis,a îu
yd fnda;,a l< mdkSh c,h hkd†h i|yd b,aÆu
jeä ùu ksid ksIamdokh by< .sfhah' 2015 w.
Nd.fha ° ≥ïjeá u; mkjd we;s n≥ by< kexùu
6
fya;=fjka ≥ïjeá ñ, by< hEu iy 2016 jifr® °
;j≥rg;a ñ, by< hEu ksid ≥ïjeá i|yd jQ
b,aÆu wvq ùu fya;=fjka ≥ïfld< ksIamd†; Wm
wxYfhys miqnEula we;s úh'
wmkhk m%jr®Okh b,lal lr.;a
ldr®ólrK Wmdhudr®. u; mokïj lr®udka;
wxYfhys ixjr®Okh i|yd iydh ,nd °u
rch úiska wLKavj is≥ lrk ,°' Y%S ,xldfõ
;r.ld˙;ajh jeä†hqKq lr .ekSu u.ska f.da,Sh
w.h∞uh yd ;j≥rg;a iïnkaO ùu yryd
Y%S ,xldj" l,dmfhys wmkhk uQ,sl lr.;a
wdr®:ßl flakaøia:dkhla njg m;a ls¯fï wruq◊ka
fuu l%shdudr®. l%shd;aul lrk ,°' lr®udka;
yd jd◊c lghq;= wud;HdxYh u.ska m%dfoaYSh
ldr®ólrKh kxjd,Su ms◊i wdfhdack †˙.ekaùu"
há;, myiqlï iemhSu iy m%dfoaYSh jYfhka
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wmkhk ixjr®Ok uKav,h fï jk úg cd;Hka;r
mdr®Yajlrejka .Kkdjlf.a iyfhda.fhka
Y%S ,dxlSh ksmehqï m%jr®Okh i|yd kj ksIamdok iy
kj fj<|fmd< y∫kd .ekSfï m%h;akhl ksr;j
isà' óg wu;rj" 2017 jir ;=< ° úoHd" ;dlaIK yd
kfjda;amdok iïnkaëlrK f,alï ldr®hd,fhys
cd;sl kfjda;amdok jevigyk" cd;sl f;aud;aul
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;dlaI◊l wkq.%dyl jevms<sfj< o taldnoaO
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iud.ïj,g myiqlï ie,iSu i|yd „j ;dlaIK
kjHlrK WoHdkhla msysgqùug o fhdackd ù
we;' ta w;ru" ishÆ n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=j,
Kh l<ôka wju jYfhka ishhg 10 l m%udKhla
iq`M yd uOH m˙udK lr®udka; i|yd fhduq úh
hq;=h hk cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh we;=<;a 2017 whjeh
fhdackdjg wkql+, jk f,i Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
ishÆ jd◊c nexl= fj;ska b,a,Sula lf<ah'
fiajd wdY%s; l%shdldrlïj, tl;= l< w.h
u; jákdlu 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d lrk ,o ishhg
5'7 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg
4'2 lska jr®Okh úh' jD;a;Suh fiajd Wm wxYh
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mq`M,a ùu iy u.S yd NdKav m%jdykh fukau"
.nvd myiqlï iemhSfï lghq;=j, jr®Okh" fiajd
wxYfha jr®Okh i|yd uQ,sl jYfhka fya;= úh'
 wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s

1'3 ixLHd igyk

1
l¾udka; uQ,h wkqj ia:djr ñ, ^2010& hgf;a o< cd;sl wdodhu ^w&^wd&

jákdlu o'foa'ks' i|yd fjkiaùfï fjkiaùu i|yd

wdr®:ßl lghq;= ^re' ñ,shk& ∞hl;ajh ] wkqmd;slh ] ∞hl;ajh ]
2015 ^we& 2016 2015 ^we& 2016 2015 ^we& 2016 2015 ^we& 2016
lDIslr®udka;h" jk j.dj yd ëjr lr®udka;h 670,106 641,943 7.8 7.1 4.8 -4.2 7.6 -7.4
lDIslr®udka;h iy jk j.dj 553,360 523,294 6.4 5.8 6.5 -5.4 8.4 -8.0
ëjr lr®udka;h 116,746 118,649 1.4 1.3 -2.6 1.6 -0.8 0.5

lr®udka; 2,264,673 2,416,276 26.2 26.8 2.1 6.7 11.5 40.1

m;,a iy le”ï lr®udka; 191,112 218,545 2.2 2.4 -5.2 14.4 -2.6 7.3
ksIm
a dok lr®udka; 1,359,694 1,383,461 15.7 15.4 4.9 1.7 16.0 6.3
ú≥,sh" .Eia" c,h iy li< l<ukdlrKh 118,752 130,665 1.4 1.4 8.8 10.0 2.4 3.2
b†ls¯ï 595,115 683,604 6.9 7.6 -2.7 14.9 -4.2 23.4

fiajdjka 4,883,444 5,087,452 56.6 56.5 5.7 4.2 66.5 54.0

fj<`odu" m%jdyk fiajdjka" kjd;eka iemhSu
iy wdydrmdk iemhSfï fiajdjka 1,997,097 2,064,738 23.1 22.9 4.8 3.4 23.1 17.9
f;dr;=re iy ikakfs õok lghq;= ms<ns `o
fiajdjka 48,892 52,802 0.6 0.6 10.9 8.0 1.2 1.0
uQ,H" rCIKh yd ksjdi whs;h s iy foam<
fj<`odu 1,063,819 1,152,781 12.3 12.8 13.3 8.4 31.3 23.5
jD;a;h
S uh fiajdjka iy fjk;a fm!oa.,sl
fiajdjka 1,023,879 1,030,603 11.9 11.4 1.8 0.7 4.5 1.8
rdcH m˙md,kh" cd;sl wdrCIdj" wOHdmkh"
fi!LH iy iudc wdrlaIK fiajdjka 749,757 786,529 8.7 8.7 3.6 4.9 6.5 9.7

uQ,l
s ñ,.Kka wkqj iuia; tl;= l< w.h 7,818,224 8,145,671 90.6 90.4 4.6 4.2 85.7 86.6
NdKav yd fiajd u; wh flfrk n≥ - iykdOdr 815,667 866,355 9.4 9.6 7.5 6.2 14.3 13.4

fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj o< foaYh S ksIm

a d†;h 8,633,890 9,012,026 100.0 100.0 4.8 4.4 100.0 100.0
úfoaYh
S Y=oO
a m%d:ñl wdodhu -219,993 -250,805 -18.1 -14.0
fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj o< cd;sl wdodhu 8,413,897 8,761,221 4.5 4.1
^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= mokï fõ'
^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& ixfYdaê;

2016 jifr® ° uQ,H fiajd lghq;= iy uQ,H w;rue†
fiajdj, tl;= l< w.h u; jákdlu ishhg 12'4 l
ie,lsh hq;= jr®Okhla jdr®;d lf<ah' o'foa'ks'g
ishhg 10'6 l ∞hl;ajhla imhk f;d. yd is,a,r
fj<πï Wm wxYh" 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 2'5 l
uOHia: w.hlska jr®Okh úh' f;d. yd is,a,r Wm
wxYfhys tl;= l< w.h u; jákdlu" lDIsldr®ñl
yd ldr®ñl ksIamdokfhys iy wdkhkj, is≥ jk
fjkialïj,g wkqj fjkiaùïj,g Ndckh jk
neúka" 2016 jifr® ° lDIsldr®ñl yd ksIamdok
wxYj, ksuejqï my< hEu o rdcH uQ,H iy
uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ±ä ls¯u fya;=fjka foaYSh b,aÆu
miqnEulg ,la ùu o jir ;=< fj<| lghq;= ±ä
miqnEulg ,la ùug fya;= úh'
fiajd úhqla;s wkqmd;slh fmr jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ
ishhg 4'7 yd iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® ° ishhg
4'4 la olajd wvq jQ w;r" wdr®:ßlfha lr®udka; yd
fiajd wdY%s; l%shdldrlï mq`M,a ùu;a iu`. fiajd
kshqla; mqoa.,hka ixLHdj jir ;=< ° ishhg
1'5 lska by< .sfhah' ia;%S yd mqreI fiajd úhqla;s
wkqmd;sl" ms<sfj<ska" 2015 jifr® ° mej;s ishhg
7'6 yd ishhg 3'0 iu`. iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® °"
ms<sfj<ska" ishhg 7'0 la yd ishhg 2'9 la olajd
wvq ùu" fiajd úhqla;s wkqmd;slfha iuia; wvq ùu
i|yd ∞hl úh' 2016 jir ;=< ° ishÆu ldKavj,
wOHdmk uÜgï wkqj fiajd úhqla;s wkqmd;sl wvq
jqjo" ;reK ldKav ^wjqre≥ 15 - 24& w;r fiajd
úhqla;s wkqmd;slh 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ ishhg
20'8 isg 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 21'6 la olajd by<
.sfhah' fï w;r" 2016 jifr® ° Y%u n,ld iyNd.s;aj
wkqmd;slh ishhg 53'8 l uÜgfï fkdfjkiaj
mej;=◊' kqmqyqKq ldka;djka úfoaY.; ùu ksid
we;s jk iudc n,mEu wju ls¯u i|yd rch
úiska .kq ,enQ m%;sm;a;sj,g m%;spdr olajñka
iy fndfyduhla ueo fmr†. rgj, iy /lshd
imhk wfkl=;a rgj, wdr®:ßl l%shdld˙;ajh

7
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

1'3 rEm igyk 1'4 rEm igyk

1
fiajd úhqla;sh u;=msg WoaOukh ^jd¾Isl ,laIHuh&
14 10

12
8

10
6

ishhg
8
ishhg

4
6
2
4

0
2

iema'-16
ck'-14
udr®'-14
uehs-14
cq,s-14
iema'-14
fkdje'-14
ck'-15
udr®'-15
uehs-15
cq,s-15
iema'-15
fkdje'-15
ck'-16
udr®'-16
uehs-16
cq,s-16

fkdje'-16
ck'-17
udr®'-17
0 -2
2000
2001

2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010

2011
2012
2013

2014
2015
2016
iuia; fld'md'ñ'o' ^2006$07}100& fld'md'ñ'o' ^2013}100&
ms˙ñ .eyeKq
cd'md'ñ'o' ^2013}100& WoaOukh - b,lal.; mrdih
uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j

≥r®j, uÜgul mej;Su fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® ° fya;=fjka ñ, uÜgï u; mSvkhla we;s úh' ta
úfoaY /lshd i|yd fhduq ùfï wvqjla olakg wkqj" 2016 cqks ui ° jdr®Isl ,laIHuh moku u;
,eìK' flfia jqj o" mqyqKq ldKavfha ;djld,sl ishhg 6'4 l Wm˙u w.hla jdr®;d l< cd'md'ñ'o' u;
ixl%u◊lhkaf.a by< hEu" fm%aIKj, uOHia: mokï jQ u;=msg WoaOukh" 2016 jir wjidkh jk
jr®Okhla i|yd fya;= úh' fï w;r" 2016 jifr® úg ishhg 4'2 olajd l%ufhka wvq ù 2015 jir w.
m<uq ldr®;= ;=k ;=< ° Y%u M,∞hs;dj iq`M jYfhka mej;s uÜgug iudk uÜgul mej;sK' flfia
by< .sfhah' lDIsldr®ñl wxYfha Y%u M,∞hs;dj" fj;;a" jdr®Isl idudkH moku wkqj ie,l+ úg
lr®udka; yd fiajd wxYj,g idfmalaIj ie,lsh cd'md'ñ'o' u; mokï jQ u;=msg WoaOukh 2015 jir
hq;= wvq uÜgul mej;=◊' wjidkfha mej;s ishhg 3'8 yd iei£fï ° 2016 jir
wjidkh jk úg ishhg 4'0 la olajd by< .sfhah'
2016 jifr® uq,a Nd.h ;=< ° md˙fNda.sl ñ,
tjeksu m%jK;djla fmkakqï lrñka" fld'md'ñ'o'
WoaOukh by< .sh o jifr® b;s˙ ld,m˙Éf√oh
^2013 } 100& u; mokï jQ u;=msg WoaOukh" 2016
;=< ° th ;rula ≥rg ia:djr ùula fmkakqï l< cQ,s ui ° ishhg 5'8 la f,i by<u w.hla jdr®;d
w;r" 2016 jifr® ° uQ,sl WoaOukh iuia;hla l< o" 2016 jir wjidkfha ° ishhg 4'5 la jQ w;r"
f,i by< hEfï m%jK;djla fmkakqï lf<ah' jdr®Isl idudkH moku u; th jir wjidkfha °
cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<a NdKav ñ, .Kka my< ishhg 4'0 la úh' wdr®:ßlfhys há±˙ WoaOuk
w.hl mej;Su u; wdkhk u.ska we;s lrk ,o mSvkh ukskq ,nk uQ,sl WoaOukh" 2016 jifr® °
wjOukd;aul n,mEfuys m%;sM,hla f,i cd'md'ñ'o' by< hEfï m%jK;djla fmkakqï l< kuq;a" we;eï
^2013 } 100& jdr®Isl ,laIHuh fjki u.ska ukskq udij, ° hï úp,khka fmkakqï lf<ah' uqo,a
,nk u;=msg WoaOukh" jifr® m<uq ldr®;=fõ ° yd Kh iuia; by< hEfuka we;s jQ b,aÆu yd
my< w.hla .kakd ,°' whym;a ld,.=◊l we≥Kq WoaOuk mSvkj, n,mEu" cd;Hka;r
;;a;ajh fya;=fjka foaYSh iemhqï wxYfha we;s jQ fj<|fmdf<ys NdKav ñ, .Kka idfmalaIj wvq
wjysr;d iy n≥ ixfYdaOkj, n,mEu ms<sìUq uÜgul mej;Su yd m˙md,s; ñ, .Kka ixfYdaOkh
lrñka u;=msg WoaOukh jifr® fojk ldr®;=fõ ° ls¯u u.ska hgm;a jqj o" rch úiska n≥ jHqyfhys
by< hEula jdr®;d lf<ah' flfia jqj;a" rdcH lrk ,o ixfYdaOk fya;=fjka 2016 jifr®
n≥ jHqyfhys is≥ lrk ,o ixfYdaOk l%shd;aul uq,a Nd.fha ° uQ,sl WoaOukh by< .sfhah' n≥
ls¯u w;aysgqùu fukau" foaYSh iemhqï ;;a;ajh jHqyh i|yd is≥ lrk ,o ixfYdaOk ;djld,slj
h:d ;;a;ajhg m;a ùu fya;=fldgf.k ;=kajk w;aysgqùfï m%;sM,hla f,i udi lsysmhla mqrd
ldr®;=fõ ° WoaOukfhys hïlsis wvq ùula olakg uQ,sl WoaOukh ia:djrj mej;=K o" n≥ ixfYdaOk
,enq◊' bkamiqj WoaOukh fndfyda fihska ia:djrj h<s l%shd;aul ls¯u fya;=fjka 2016 jir w. °
mej;s kuq;a" 2016 fkdjeïnr® ui isg l%shd;aul uQ,sl WoaOukh by< .sfhah' ta wkqj" cd'md'ñ'o'
lrk ,o tl;= l< w.h u; kj n≥ wkqmd;sl u; mokï jQ uQ,sl WoaOukh" jdr®Isl ,laIHuh

8
 wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s

moku u; 2015 jir wjidkfhys mej;s ishhg 5'8 fya;= fldg f.k f.jqï ;=,kfha uQ,H .sKqfuys

1
blaujd hñka 2016 jir wjidkfha ° ishhg 6'7 l l%shdld˙;ajh ukao.dó úh' fï w;r" jir ;=< °
w.hla jdr®;d lf<ah' fld'md'ñ'o' u; mokï jQ Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmd< fj;ska
uQ,sl WoaOukh 2015 jir wjidkfhys mej;s úfoaYSh wdfhdack bj;a lr .ekSu is≥ jQ w;r"
ishhg 6'7 l uÜgfï isg 2016 jir wjidkh jk Y%S ,xld remsh, wjm%udKh ùug mej;s mSvkh wju
úg ishhg 5'8 olajd wvq úh' ±ä uqo,a yd rdcH uQ,H ls¯u i|yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j foaYSh úfoaY úksuh
m%;sm;a;s WoaOukh u; b,aÆï mSvk fndfyda ≥rg fj<|fmd< lghq;=j,g ue†y;a úh' 2016 jifr®
uevmeje;aùug fya;= jqjo" mej;s kshx ;;a;ajh" f.jqï ;=,kfhys iuia; ys`.h t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
n≥ jHqyfha is≥ lrk ,o ixfYdaOkj, n,mEu yd 500 la jYfhka jdr®;d jQ w;r" o< ixÑ; j;alï
by< hñka mj;sk cd;Hka;r NdKav ñ, .Kka" ;;a;ajh 2015 jir wjidkfha mej;s t'c' fvd,r®
2017 jifr® m<uq ldr®;=j ;=< ° WoaOukfhys is≥ jQ ì,shk 7'3 l uÜgfï isg 2016 jir wjidkh
fjkiaùï flfrys n,mEfõh' jk úg t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 6'0 la olajd wvq úh'
fuu jr®Okhka ms<sìUq lrñka" 2016 jifr® °
úfoaYSh wxYfha j¾Okhka t'c' fvd,rhg tfrysj Y%S ,xld remsh, ishhg
2016 jir ;=< ° uOHia: uÜgulska ,o úfoaY 3'83 lska wjm%udKh úh'
úksuh ,eîï blaujd úfoaY úksuh f.ùï is≥ jifr® m<uq udi y;r ;=< ° iuqÉÑ; moku
ùu;a iu. Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaYSh wxYfhys ukao.dó u; fj<| ys`.h wvq jqj o" jir wjidkh jk
l%shdld˙;ajh wLKavj mej;=◊' wefu˙ld tlai;a úg th ie,lsh hq;= f,i jeä úh' 2015 jirg
ckmofhys uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh l%ufhka ±ä ls¯u" idfmalaIj wmkhk my< hEu iy jifr® wjidk
we;eï †hqKq wdr®:ßlj, iy ke`.Stk fj<|fmd< ldr®;=j ;=< ° wdkhk úYd, f,i by< hEu" fj<|
wdr®:ßlhkays wdr®:ßl ;;a;ajh ukao.dó f,i h:d ys`.h mq`M,a ùug fya;= úh' fï wkqj" fj<| ys`.h
;;a;ajhg m;a ùu ksid úfoaYSh b,aÆu wvq ùu iy 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 8"388 g
ueo fmr†. rgj, wLKavj mej;s N+-foaYmd,ksl idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 9"090 la
wúksYaÑ;;dj fya;=fjka úfoaYSh wxYfhys olajd mq`M,a jQ w;r" th o'foa'ks'fha m%;sY;hla f,i
l%shdld˙;ajh ie,lsh hq;= f,i miqnEulg ,la 2015 jifr® mej;s ishhg 10'4 isg ishhg 11'2 olajd
úh' fiajd fj<| .sKqfuys iy oaú;ShSl wd∞hï by< .sfhah'
.sKqfuys w;s˙la;hla jdr®;d jqj o" úfYaIfhka u
jifr® wjidk ldr®;=fõ ° fj<| ys`.h mq`M,a ùu lDIsldr®ñl iy ldr®ñl wmkhk wd∞hu
iy m%d:ñl wd∞hï .sKqfï ys`.h fya;=fjka 2016 my< hEu fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® ° wmkhk wd∞hu
jifr® ° cx.u .sKqfï ys`.fhys ms˙ySula olakg wLKa-
vj fojk jirg;a wvq úh' m%Odk jYfhka"
,enq◊' Kh fkdjk ,eîï wvq ùu yuqfõ Kh cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<ys NdKav ñ, .Kkaj,
wdmiq f.ùï jYfhka is≥ lrk ,o wLKav f.ùï my< hEu" Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk wmkhk .ukdka;j,
is≥ jQ uOHia: wdr®:ßl jr®Okh iy wmkhk
wruqKq fldg .;a lDIsldr®ñl ksIamd†;j, foaYSh
1'5 rEm igyk
iemhqu wvq ùu" wmkhk wd∞hu t'c' fvd,r®
f.jqï ;=,kh
ñ,shk 10"310 la olajd ishhg 2'2 lska wvq ùug
2
1.0
1.4 fya;= úh' flfia jqj o" wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh

0.2
úiska brdkh u; mkjd ;snQ iïndOl ckjd˙
0
-0.5
udifha ° bj;a ls¯u iy hqfrdamd ix.uh úiska
t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk

-2 -1.5
-1.9
-2.5
-2.0 -1.9
Y%S ,xldfõ u;aiH wmkhk u; mkjd ;snQ ;yku
-4
-4.0 cqks udifha ° bj;a ls¯u" iuia; wmkhkj,
-6 wvq ùu hï ≥rlg u`.yerùug fya;= jQ w;r" tys
-7.6
m%;sM,hla f,i 2016 jifr® wjidkh jk úg
-8
-8.3 -8.4 fmr jifr® wkqrEm ld,m˙Éf√ohg idfmalaIj
-9.4 -9.1
-10
wmkhk wvq ùfï m%jK;dj fjkia úh'
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
fr†ms<s iy we`.Æï ^ishhg 1'3& iy uQ, f,day
fj<| fYaIh cx.u .sKqfï fYaIh iuia; fYaIh yd ta wdY%s; ksIamd†; ^ishhg 60'5& wmkhk
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j wd∞hïj, jr®Okhla mej;sh o" m%jdyk WmlrK

9
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
^ishhg -46'0&" Lksc f;,a ksIamd†; ^ishhg -23'3&"
1
f;a ^ishhg -5'3& iy l=`Mnvq ^ishhg -16'0& wmkhk
wd∞hï wvq ùfï m%;sM,hla f,i iuia; wmkhk
wd∞hu my< .sfhah' m%Odk;u wmkhk .ukdka;
oyh fkdfjkiaj mej;s w;r" uq`M wmkhkj,ska
ishhg 27'3 la jdr®;d lrñka wefu˙ld tlai;a
ckmoh ;j≥rg;a m%Odk wmkhk .ukdka;h
f,i mej;sK' tlai;a rdcOdksh" bka†hdj" cr®uksh
iy b;d,sh" ms<sfj<ska" fiiq m%Odk wmkhk
.ukdka; f,i mej;=◊' fï w;r" 2016 jifr® °
iuia; wmkhk m˙ud or®Ylh ishhg 0'7 lska
iq`M jYfhka my< .sh w;r" t'c' fvd,r®j,ska
.Kkh lrk ,o wmkhk ñ, or®Ylh ishhg
1'5 lska my< .sfhah'
úfYaIfhkau" 2016 jifr® wjidk ldr®;=fõ °
wka;r® NdKav iy wdfhdack NdKav wdkhk úhoï
ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< hEu fya;=fjka" 2016 jifr® °
iuia; wdkhk úhou by< .sfhah' cd;Hka;r
fj<|fmd< ;=< NdKav ñ, .Kka my< hEu iy
wdkhk iSud ls¯u i|yd rch iy uy nexl=j
úiska .kq ,enQ m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®.j, jdish"
wdfhdack NdKav iy bkaOk fkdjk wka;r®
NdKav wdkhkh by< hEu fya;=fjka ;rula ≥rg
u`.ye¯ .sfhah' hka;%iQ;% yd WmlrK ^ishhg 20'3&
iy f.dvke.s,s øjH ^ishhg 16'0& wdkhk úhou
ie,lsh hq;= f,i jr®Okh ùu" wdfhdack NdKav
wdkhkh ishhg 13'8 lska jr®Okh ùug fya;= jQ
w;r" bkaOk fkdjk wdkhk úhou ishhg 4'2 lska
jr®Okh ùug th m%Odk jYfhka ∞hl úh' óg
wu;rj" fr†ms<s yd fr†ms<s Wmdx." †huka;s"
w.kd .,a iy f,day jr®. jeks wka;r® NdKav
wdkhkj, jeäùu ^ishhg 2'4&" wdkhk úhofuys
by< hEug ie,lsh hq;= f,i ∞hl úh' .,aw`.=re
wdkhk úhou by< .sh o" fndr f;,a iy ms˙my≥
l< Lksc f;,a i|yd jQ wdkhk úhou my< hEu
fya;=fjka iuia; bkaOk wdkhk úhou my<
.sfhah' 2015 jir yd iei£fï °" fuu jir ;=<
md˙fNda.sl NdKav wdkhk úhou ishhg 8'4 lska
wvq jQ w;r" ta i|yd uQ,sl jYfhka fm!oa.,sl
r:jdyk wdkhkh i|yd ork ,o úhou ishhg
41'5 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i my< hEu fya;= úh' fuu
m%jK;dj, m%;sM,hla f,i" 2016 jir ;=< wdkhk
úhou t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 19"400 la olajd ishhg 2'5
lska by< .sfhah' 2001 jifr® isg bka†hdj m%Odk
wdkhk uQ,dY%h f,i mej;sh o" 2016 jifr® °
Ökh m%Odk wdkhk uQ,dY%h njg m;a úh'
fuu jir ;=<" iuia; wdkhk m˙ud or®Ylh
10
ishhg 7'9 lska by< .sh w;r" t'c' fvd,r®j,ska
.Kkh lrk ,o wdkhk ñ, or®Ylh" f.da,Sh
wdr®:ßlh ;=< mej;s wjOuk ;;a;ajhka fmkakqï
lrñka ishhg 5'1 lska my< .sfhah'
fiajd .sKqu iy oaú;ShSl wd∞hï .sKqu
w;s˙la;hka jdr®;d l< o" fj<| ys`.h iy m%d:ñl
wd∞hï .sKqfï ys`.h by< hEu fya;=fjka 2016
jifr® ° úfoaYSh cx.u .sKqfï ys`.h mq`M,a úh'
uQ,sl jYfhka ixpdrl bmehSï by< hEu fukau
m%jdyk yd ú≥,s ikafoaY" m˙.Kl yd f;dr;=re
fiajd wmkhk u.ska jir ;=<° wLKavj fiajd
.sKqfuys w;s˙la;hla jdr®;d úh' 2016 jifr® °
fiajd wmkhkj,ska ,o wd∞hu t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 7"138 la olajd ishhg 11'6 lska jr®Okh
úh' ixpdrl meñ”ï by< hEug wu;rj" úfoaYSh
ixpdrlfhl=f.a weia;fïka;=.; idudkH ffoksl
úhou by< hEu iy úfoaYSh ixpdrlfhl= úiska
furg .; lrkq ,nk weia;fïka;=.; idudkH
ld,fhys by< hEu fya;=fjka fuu jir ;=<
ixpdrl bmehSï t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 3"518 la olajd
ishhg 18'0 lska jr®Okh úh' 2016 jifr® ° ú≥,s
ikafoaY" m˙.Kl iy f;dr;=re fiajdj,ska ,o
wmkhk wd∞hu 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< t'c'
fvd,r® ñ,shk 805 isg t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 858
olajd by< .sfhah' fï w;r" m%d:ñl wd∞hï .sKqu
fj;ska t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"304 l f.ùï is≥
lrk ,o w;r ta i|yd by< fmd,S f.ùï iy
m%;swdfhda‚; bmehSï yd ,dNdxY f.ùï fya;= úh'
fuu wdmiq f.ùï by< hEu iy ixÑ; j;alï
u.ska jk bmehSï my< hEu" 2016 jifr® ° m%d:ñl
wd∞hï .sKqfï ys`.h mq`M,a ùug fya;= úh'
ueofmr†. mj;sk N+-foaYmd,ksl wia:djrNdjh
iy tu rgj, wd∞hï uÜgï wvq ùu fukau"
kqmqyqKq ldKavh hgf;a is≥ jk Y%u ixl%uK
wffOr®hj;a ls¯fï foaYSh m%;sm;a;s fya;=fjka úfoaY
fiajd kshqla;slhkaf.a fm%aIK uOHia: uÜgul
mej;=◊' fï wkqj" 2016 jifr® ° úfoaY fiajd
kshqla;slhkaf.a fm%aIK t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 7"242 la
olajd ishhg 3'7 lska uOHia: f,i jr®Okh úh'
fuu ;;a;ajhka ms<sìUq lrñka" 2016 jifr® °
cx.u .sKqfï ys`.h t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"942 la
olajd mqΩ,a jQ w;r" th o'foa'ks'fha m%;sY;hla f,i
2015 jifr® ° mej;s ishhg 2'3 isg ishhg 2'4 olajd
jeä úh'
2016 jir ;=< ° uQ,H .sKqfuys Y=oaO j.lSïj,
fjkiaùï fukau Y=oaO j;alï w;alr .ekSï
wvq uÜgul mej;=◊' fï wkqj" Y=oaO j.lSïj,
 wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s
fjkiaùï 2015 jifr® ° mej;s t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
3"223 yd iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 2"199 la jQ w;r Y=oaO j;alï w;alr .ekSï
fmr jifr® jdr®;d jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 911 g
idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 82 la
úh' wdfhdack uKav,fha ,shdm†xÑ iud.ï úiska
,nd .kakd ,o úfoaYSh Kh o we;=<;a uq`M
úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"160 yd ii|k úg 2016
jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"079 la úh' 2016
jifr® ° fldgia fj<|fmd< i|yd jQ úfoaYSh úúO
wdfhdack my< uÜgul mej;s w;r" remsh,aj,ska
kdukh lrk ,o NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr iy
t'c' fvd,r®j,ska kdukh lrk ,o Y%S ,xld
ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr wdfhdackj,g w∞<j wdmiq
f.ùï jdr®;d úh' 2016 jifr® cQ,s udifha °
Y%S ,xldj ish oijk wka;r®cd;sl iaffj¯;aj
ne∫ïlrh u.ska t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"500 la ,nd
.kakd ,o w;r" th oaú;aj l,a ms¯fï ld,hla
iys;j ksl=;a l< m<uq iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlrh
úh' 2016 jifr® ° rch fj; ,enqKq úfoaYSh
Kh m%udKh t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"163 la olajd
by< .sfhah' tu m%udKh" jHdmD;s Kh f,i jQ
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"278 lska o" t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 700 l ld,Sk úfoaY úksuh uQ,H myiqlï
follska o" t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 185 l jevigyka
Kh myiqlïj,ska o iukaú; úh' fï w;r" f.jqï
;=,kh ms˙ySu je<elaùu iy rcfha m%;sixialrK
l%shd∞uhg iydh ,nd .ekSu hk wruqKq we;sj
Y%S ,xldj cd'uQ' wruqo, fj;ska úfYaI .ekqï
ysñlï ^ú'.e'ys'& ì,shk 1'1 l ^wdikak jYfhka
t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 1'5 l& ;=ka wjqre≥ úia;Sr®K
Kh myiqlula b,a,d isá w;r" 2016 jir ;=< °
tys m<uq yd fojk jd˙l f,i t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
332 la ,eì◊' 2009 jifr® cd'uQ' wruqof,ka ,nd
.kakd ,o iómia: Kh myiqlu fjkqfjka jQ
f.ùï wLKavj is≥ lrñka 2016 jifr® °
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 455 l uqo,la wdmiq f.jk ,°'
cx.u .sKqfï ys`.h mq`M,a ùu iy uQ,H .sKqu
fj; jQ ,eìï idfmalaI jYfhka wvq uÜgul mej;Su
ms<sìUq lrñka 2016 jifr® ° f.jqï ;=,kfhys
iuia; fYaIfhys ys`.hla jdr®;d úh' 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d jQ iuia; ys`.h jk t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
1"489 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° iuia; ys`.h t'c'
fvd,r® ñ,shk 500 la úh' fï w;r" 2016 jir
wjidkh jk úg Y%S ,xldfõ o< ixÑ; j;alï
;;a;ajh" NdKav wdkhksl udi 3'7 lg iy NdKav
1
yd fiajd wdkhksl udi 3'1 lg iudk jk m˙†
t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 6'0 olajd my; jegq◊' úfoaY
úksuh Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï" úfoaY úksuh
yqjudre .súiqï mshùu" cd'uQ' wruqof,a iómia: Kh
myiqlfuys f.ùï iy úfYaIfhkau" jifr® m<uq
Nd.fha ° uy nexl=j úiska foaYSh úfoaY úksuh
fj<|fmd<g øjYS,;dj iemhSu" o< ks, ixÑ;j,
fuu wvq ùu i|yd uQ,sl jYfhkau fya;= úh' 2016
jir wjidkfha ° uq`M úfoaYSh j;alï m%udKh"
NdKav wdkhksl udi 5'2 la yd NdKav yd fiajd
wdkhksl udi 4'3 la wdjrKh ls¯ug m%udKj;a
jk m˙† t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 8'4 la úh'
uQ,sl jYfhka" rcfha úfoaYSh Kh m%udKh
by< hEu fya;=fjka 2016 jir ;=< ° rfgys
uq`M úfoaYSh Kh m%udKh by< .sfhah' fkdmshjQ
úfoaYSh Kh m%udKh" 2015 jir wjidkfha °
mej;s t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 44'8 ^o'foa'ks'fha
m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg 55'7 l& isg 2016 jir
wjidkh jk úg t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 46'6 la
^o'foa'ks'fha m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg 57'3& olajd
by< .sfhah' cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr ksl=;a
ls¯ï" ld,Sk úfoaY úksuh uQ,H myiqlï ,nd
.ekSu iy jHdmD;s Kh ,eîï iu`. rcfha úfoaYSh
Kh .ekSï by< .sfhah' úfoaYSh Kh i|yd jQ
jd˙l f.ùï 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
3"157 la f,i by< uÜgul mej;=K o" th 2015
jifr® jdr®;d jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 3"435 iu`.
iei£fï ° wvq w.hlss' jir ;=< is≥ lrk ,o
by< w.hla .;a Kh wdmiq f.ùï m%udKhg
úfoaY úksuh yqjudre myiqlï mshùu iy cd'uQ'
wruqof,a iómia: Kh myiqlu hgf;a Kh wdmiq
f.ùï we;=<;a úh' ;jo" fm!oa.,sl wxYh iy
;ekam;= Ndr .kakd wdh;k u.ska is≥ lrk ,o
fmd,S f.ùï by< hEu fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® °
fkdmshjQ úfoaYSh Kh i|yd is≥ l< fmd,S f.ùï"
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"190
isg t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"209 la olajd by< .sfhah'
2016 jifr® ° iagr®,ska mjqu yer wfkl=;a
m%Odk uqo,a jr®.j,g idfmaCIj Y%S ,xld
remsh, wjm%udKh úh' remsh, wjm%udKh
ùug mej;s mSvkh i|yd wdkhk by< hEu"
wLKavj is≥ lrk ,o Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï
iy wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmofha uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh
±ä ls¯u uOHfha foaYSh rdcH iq/l=ïm;a
fj<|fmd< fj;ska úfoaYSh wdfhdack wdmiq
11
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

.,d hEu fya;= úh' fjf<`ofmd< øjYS,;dj rdcH uQ,H wxYfha j¾Okhka

1
iemhSu i`oyd uy nexl=j úiska jifr® m<uq
udi y;r ;=< ° fj<|fmd<g úfoaY úksuh
úYd, jYfhka imhk ,o w;r" bka wk;=rej
úfoaY úksuh iemhSu wvq jYfhka is≥ lrk ,°'
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
3"250 l Y=oaO úfoaY úksuh iemhqug idfmalaIj
fuu jir ;=< t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 768 l Y=oaO úfoaY
úksuh iemhqula uy nexl=j úiska is≥ fl˙K'
uQ,sl jYfhka rdcH iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmdf<ys
wdfhdack" úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhka úiska bj;a lr
.ekSu fya;=fjka úksuh wkqmd;slh u; we;s jQ
mSvkh wju ls¯ug uy nexl=j úfoaY úksuh
fj<|fmd< ;=< ue†y;a ùu fï i|yd fya;= úh'
jifr® m<uq udi y;r ;=< uy nexl=j úiska foaYSh
úksuh fj<|fmd< ;=< is≥ lrk ,o ue†y;aùu
fya;=fjka iuia;hla f,i ia:djrj mej;s remsh,"
jifr® fojk Nd.h ;=< fj<|fmd< b,aÆï iy
iemhqï ;;a;ajhka fndfyda ≥rg ms<sìUq jk f,i
úp,kh ùug bv ye¯u fya;=fjka" 2016 jir ;=<
t'c' fvd,rhg tfrysj remsh, ishhg 3'83 lska
wjm%udKh úh' remsh, kdñlj wjm%udKh jqj;a"
tys úfoaYSh ;r.ld¯ nj my< hEu ms<sìUq lrñka
kdñl úksuh wkqmd;slj, fjkiaùï iy rgj,a
w;r WoaOuk fjkiaùï ie,ls,a,g .kq ,nk
uqo,a jr®. 5 lska iy uqo,a jr®. 24 lska ie≥ï,;a
mei u; mokï jQ uQr®; iM, úksuh wkqmd;sl
or®Yl jir wjidkh jk úg" ms<sfj<ska" ishhg
2'83 lska iy ishhg 2'70 lska w;sm%udKh úh'
1'6 rEm igyk
foaYSh úfoaY úksuh fj<|fmd< ;=< uy nexl=fõ
ueÈy;aùu yd úksuh wkqmd;slh
600
400
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d l%shdj,sh Yla;su;a ls¯u
i|yd jk rcfha lemùu fya;=fldg f.k n≥
moku mqΩ,a ls¯u" n≥ m˙md,kh yd iïnkaO
jHqyd;aul m%;sixialrK is≥ ls¯u ;=<ska rdcH
wd∞hu by< hEu iy rcfha úhoï ;dr®lSlrKh
ls¯u 2016 jir ;=< rdcH uQ,H wxYfha is≥jQ
iuia; jr®Okhg ∞hl úh' wd∞hu u; mokï jQ
rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d l%shdj,shla ;=<ska w;alr.;a
rdcH uQ,H wxYfha hym;a jr®Okh fya;=fjka
whjeh ysÛh" o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i fmr
jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg 7'6 yd iei£fï ° 2016
jifr® b,lal.; uÜgu jQ ishhg 5'4 l uÜgfï
r|jd .ekSug yels úh' ta yd iu.dój" rcfha
ksr®b;=reï ms<sìUq lrkq ,nk jr®;k .sKqfï
ysÛh o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i 2015 jifr®
jdr®;d jQ ishhg 2'3 isg 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 0'6
olajd ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvqúh' iuia; whjeh
ysÛfhka fmd,S f.ùï bj;a ls¯u u.ska .Kkh
lrkq ,nk m%d:ñl .sKqfï ysÛh" o'foa'ks'fhys
m%;sY;hla f,i 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg 2'9
isg 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 0'2 olajd wvq úh' flfia
fj;;a" n≥ m˙md,kfha jHqyd;aul m%;sixialrK
l%shd;aul ls¯fï mej;s ukao.dó;ajh rdcH uQ,H
wxYfha ldr®hidOkh wvqùu flfrys n,mEfõh'
tfiau" fmd,S f.ùï" jegqma yd fõ;k iy .Dy
l=gqïn i|yd jk iykdOdr yd mejreï we;=<;a
mqkrdjr®;k úhoïj, jir ;=< ° hï wvq ùula
±lsh yels jqjo" tu úhoï by< w.hl mej;s◊'
;jo" foaYSh iy cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd<j, fmd,S
wkqmd;sl by< hEu;a" m%Odk úfoaY uqo,a jr®.j,g
tfrysj remsh, wjm%udKhg ,laùu;a fya;=fjka
Kh i|yd ±˙h hq;= ms˙jeh by< hEu ksid rdcH
uQ,H wxYh flfrys wys;lr n,mEula we;s úh'
155
fuu m%jKd;dj iy fláld,Sk yd ue†ld,Sk
150 m˙K;ùï ld,hla iys; úfoaYSh jd◊c Kh
ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhla talrdYS ùu ;=<ska meye†,s
t'c' fvd,rhg remsh,a

200 145
jkafka rdcH uQ,H yd jHqyd;aul m%;sixialrK
0 140
ksisl,g läkñka l%shd;aul ls¯u ;=<ska ;sridr
rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d l%shdj,shla i|yd cd;sl
-200 135 tlÛ;djhla wjYH njhs'
-400 130 2015 jifr® ° o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i
ishhg 13'3 la jQ rdcH wd∞hu 2016 jifr® °
-600 125
ishhg 14'2 la olajd fojk jirg;a by< .sh
ck'-13
udr®'-13
uehs-13
cQ,s-13
iema'-13
fkdje'-13
ck'-14
udr®'-14
uehs-14
cQ,s-14
iema'-14
fkdje'-14
ck'-15
udr®'-15
uehs-15
cQ,s-15
iema'-15
fkdje'-15
ck'-16
udr®'-16
uehs-16
cQ,s-16
iema'-16
fkdje'-16
ck'-17
udr®'-17

w;r" rcfha n≥ fkdjk wd∞hu by< hEu óg

Y=oaO wjfYdaIKh udih w. mej;s úksuh
m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' 2016 jir ;=<°" n≥
ls¯ï wkqmd;slh ^ol=Kq wlaIh& wd∞hu 2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 1"355'8
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j isg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 1"463'7 olajd

12

1'7 rEm igyk
rdcH wdodhu" úhou iy iuia; whjeh fYaIh
^o'foa'ks' fhys m%;sY;hla f,i&
25
20
17.8 17.4 17.3
15
12.2 12.0 11.6
10
ishhg
5
0 .sh w;r" fmd,S f.ùï fukau jegqma yd fõ;k iy
-5
-5.4
-5.6
-10
2012 2013 2014
wdodhu yd m%odk úhou
ishhg 8'0 lska by< .sh o" n≥ wd∞hu o'foa'ks'fhys
m%;sY;hla f,i fmr jifr® mej;s ishhg 12'4
uÜgfï mej;s◊' tl;= l< w.h u; n≥" jrdh
yd .=jka f;dgqm< ixjr®Ok n≥ iy wdkhk
n≥j,ska ,o ∞hl;ajh fya;=fjka n≥ wd∞hu by<
.sh w;r" fudagr® r: jdyk u; jQ ksIamdok n≥"
ixia:dms; yd ixia:dms; fkdjk wd∞hï n≥ iy
r|jd .ekSfï n≥j,ska ,o wd∞hu my< .sfhah'
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i n≥ fkdjk wd∞hu
2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg 0'9 isg 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 1'9 olajd by< .sh w;r" kdñl jYfhka o
th remsh,a ì,shk 222'4 olajd fo.=Khlg;a
jvd jeä w.hlska by< .sfhah' nexl= yd rlaIK
wxY iy Y%S ,xld ú≥,s ikafoaY kshduk fldñIka
iNdj wd†fhys by< ldr®hidOkfhys m%;sM,hla
f,i rch i;= jd◊c jHjidh fj;ska ,o ,dN
yd ,dNdxY mejreï by< hEu fï i|yd m%Odk
jYfhka fya;= úh' ta wkqj" n≥ yd n≥ fkdjk
wd∞hfï is≥ jQ jr®Okhka ms<sìUq lrñka"
rdcH wd∞hu 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ remsh,a
ì,shk 1"454'9 yd iei¢fï ° 2016 jir ;=< °
remsh,a ì,shk 1"686'1 olajd ishhg 15'9 lska
by< .sfhah' rcfha uqΩ wd∞hfuys m%;sY;hla f,i
n≥ wd∞hu ishhg 86'8 la jQ w;r" rdcH n≥ wd∞hu
i`oyd m%Odk;u ∞hl;ajh ork jl% n≥ wd∞hu n≥
wdodhfuka ishhg 82'3 la úh'
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i uqΩ úhou yd Y=oaO
Kh°ï 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg 20'9 isg 2016
jifr® ° ishhg 19'7 olajd wvq jQ w;r" mqkrdjr®;k
úhoï fukau m%d.aOk úhoï yd Y=oaO Kh°ïj,
my< hEu tu.ska ms<sìUq úh' mqkrdjr®;k úhoï
wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s
;dr®lSlrKh ls¯u iy m%d.aOk úhoï m%uqL;dj
1
u; is≥ ls¯u i|yd ork ,o rcfha m%h;akh
fya;=fjka rcfha úhoï my< .sfhah' ta wkqj"
mqkrdjr®;k úhoï o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i
20.9
19.7 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg 15'5 isg 2016 jifr® °
14.3
ishhg 14'8 olajd wvq úh' flfia fj;;a"
13.3
mqkrdjr®;k úhoï kdñl jYfhka 2015 jifr®
mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 1"701'7 isg 2016 jifr® °
remsh,a ì,shk 1"757'8 olajd ishhg 3'3 lska by<
jr®;k mejreï yd iykdOdr i|yd jQ úhoï by<
-5.7 -5.4
-7.6 hEu ta i|yd uQ,sl jYfhka fya;= úh' jir ;=< °
2015 2016 fmd,S f.ùï i|yd jQ úhou by< hEug foaYSh
iuia; fYaIh yd úfoaYSh fj<|fmd< ;=< mej;s by< fmd,S
uQ,h( uqo,a wud;HdxYh wkqmd;sl uÜgï" m%Odk úfoaY uqo,a lsysmhlg
idfmalaIj Y%S ,xld remsh, wjm%udKh ùu iy
fkdmshjQ foaYSh Kh uÜgu by< hEu fya;= úh'
ta wkqj" fmd,S úhou kdñl jYfhka 2015 jifr®
mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 509'7 isg 2016 jifr® °
remsh,a ì,shk 610'9 olajd ishhg 19'9 lska by<
.sfhah' jir ;=< ° jegqma yd fõ;k úhou kdñl
jYfhka" remsh,a ì,shk 576'5 olajd ishhg 2'6 lska
by< .sfhah' fï w;r" rdcH wdfhdack jevigyk
l%uj;a iy m%uqL;d moku u; is≥ ls¯u ms<sìUq
lrñka" o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i m%d.aOk
úhou yd Y=oaO Kh°ï 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg
5'4 isg 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 4'9 olajd wvqjQ w;r"
jir ;=< ° kdñl jYfhka o th remsh,a ì,shk
576'1 olajd ishhg 2'1 l my< hEula jdr®;d lf<ah'
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla jYfhka rdcH wdfhdack
2015 jifr® mej;s ishhg 5'5 isg 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 5'0 olajd wvq jQ w;r" kdñl jYfhka th
2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 602'8 isg 2016
jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 594'0 olajd ishhg 1'5 lska
my< .sfhah'
jir ;=< ° remsh,a ì,shk 640'3 la jQ
iuia; whjeh ysÛfhka jeä m%udKhla úfoaYSh
uQ,dY%j,ska uQ,Hkh lrk ,°' ta wkqj" iuia;
uQ,Hkfhka ishhg 61'2 la i`oyd úfoaYSh uQ,dY%
odhl jQ w;r" b;s˙h foaYSh uQ,dY%j,ska mshjk
,°' Y=oaO foaYSh uQ,Hkh 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ
remsh,a ì,shk 592'7 isg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a
ì,shk 248'4 olajd wvq jQ w;r" 2016 jir ;=< °
úfoaYSh uQ,Hkh remsh,a ì,shk 391'9 olajd by<
.sfhah' foaYSh uQ,Hkh iïnkaOfhka ie,l+ úg"
Y=oaO foaYSh Kh .ekSïj,ska ishhg 56'3 la nexl=
13
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
wxYfhka is≥ lrk ,o Kh .ekSï jQ w;r" th
1
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk 291'8 isg
2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 140'0 olajd ishhg
52'0 lska my< .sfhah' NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr
u.ska is≥ l< uQ,Hkh ie,lsh hq;= f,i by<
.sh o" NdKavd.dr ì,am;a yd Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok
ne∫ïlr yryd jd◊c nexl=j,ska is≥ lrk ,o
Kh .ekSïj, ie,lsh hq;= wvqùula jdr®;d úh'
flfia jqjo" uy nexl=fjka is≥ lrk ,o Kh .ekSï
miq.sh jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 80'3 isg remsh,a
ì,shk 183'1 olajd ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhlska by<
hEu" jd◊c nexl= fj;ska Kh .ekSï my< hEu
ksfIaOkh ls¯ug fya;= úh' ;jo" nexl= fkdjk
wxYfhka is≥ lrk ,o Y=oaO uQ,Hkh 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk 300'9 isg 2016 jifr® °
remsh,a ì,shk 108'5 olajd wvq úh'
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla jYfhka uOHu rcfha
Kh m%udKh 2015 jir wjidkh jk úg mej;s
ishhg 77'6 isg 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg ishhg
79'3 olajd by< .sfhah' Y=oaO Kh .ekSï by< hEu
iy wdr®:ßl jr®Okh ukao.dó ùu fï i|yd m%Odk
jYfhka fya;= úh' uOHu rcfha fkdmshjQ uqΩ Kh
m%udKfhys kdñl w.h 2015 jir wjidkfha mej;s
remsh,a ì,shk 8"503'2 isg 2016 jir wjidkfha °
remsh,a ì,shk 9"387'3 olajd by< .sfhah' 2016
jir wjidkfha ° uOHu rcfha fkdmshjQ uqΩ
foaYSh Kh m%udKh remsh,a ì,shk 5"341'5 olajd
ishhg 7'7 lska by< .sh w;r" fkdmshjQ úfoaYSh
Kh m%udKh remsh,a ì,shk 4"045'8 olajd ishhg
14'2 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< .sfhah'
1'8 rEm igyk
uOHu rcfha Kh
^o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i&
60
50
40.0 41.3
40
37.0
31.7
ishhg
30
30.9 30.0
20
10
0
2012 2013 2014
foaYSh
uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
cd;sl m%;sm;a;s iy wdr®:ßl lghq;= wud;HdxYh
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
14
uqo,a wxYfha j¾Okhka
wdr®:ßlh ;=< wêl b,aÆï mSvk by< hEug
we;s yelshdj iSud ls¯u ;=<ska wdr®:ßl ia:dhS;dj
we;s ls¯fï wruqK we;sj 2016 jir ;=< °
uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lrk ,°' 2016 jir
;=< ° rchg iy fm!oa.,sl wxYhg imhk ,o
Kh m%udKfhys wêl m%idrKh fya;=fjka uqo,a
iuia; mqfrdal:kh lrk ,o uÜgug jvd
by< fõ.hlska jr®Okh úh' tneúka" Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j 2015 jir wjidkfha isg uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh
w†hr lsysmhlska ±ä ls¯ug lghq;= lf<ah'
ta wkqj" m<uqj" foaYSh uqo,a fj<|fmd< ;=< mej;s
wê øjYS,;dj ia:ßr mokulska wjfYdaIKh ls¯u
i|yd uy nexl=j úiska n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=j,
ishÆu remsh,a ;ekam;= j.lSï i|yd wod< jk
jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wkqmd;h 2016 jifr® ckjd˙
ui 16 jk †k isg n,meje;afjk m˙† m%;sY;dxl
1'50 lska ishhg 7'50 olajd by< kxjk ,°' ;jo"
by< hñka mej;s WoaOuk mSvkh fya;=fjka uy
nexl=j ish m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl jk ks;H
;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd;slh (SDFR) iy ks;H Kh
myiqlï wkqmd;slh (SLFR) 2016 fmnrjd˙ udifha °
mokï wxl 50 lska" ms<sfj<ska" ishhg 6'50 iy
ishhg 8'00 olajd by< kexùh' ±ä uqo,a m%;sm;a;s
l%shdudr®. uOHfhys jqjo" fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj;
imhk ,o Kh m%udKh wLKavj jr®Okh jQ w;r"
jeä jYfhka n≥ ixfYdaOkj, n,mEu iy iemhqï
wxYfha we;sjQ wjysr;d fya;=fldg f.k WoaOukh
by< hEfï m%jK;djla fmkakqï lf<ah' WoaOuk
mSvk by< hEu uevmeje;aùu iy f.jqï ;=,kh
hym;a njg m;als¯ug iydh ùu i|yd 2016 cQ,s
udifha ° ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd;slh iy
ks;H Kh myiqlï wkqmd;slh" ms<sfj<ska" ishhg
7'00 iy ishhg 8'50 olajd mokï wxl 50 ne.ska
by< kexùu ;=<ska uy nexl=j ish uqo,a m%;sm;a;s
45.3 45.1
ia:djrh ;j≥rg;a ±ä lf<ah' ±ä uqo,a m%;sm;a;s
34.2 l%shdudr®. iuÛ újg fj<|fmd< lghq;= is≥ ls¯u"
32.4
tla†k fmd,S wkqmd;sl m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl
fld˙fvdafjys by< iSudfjys mj;ajd .ekSug fya;=
úh' 2015 jir wjidk ld,fha ° wkq.ukh lrkq
,enQ idr®j úplaIKYS,S l%shdudr®. fukau" 2016
jir ;=< ° úksuh wkqmd;slh kuHYS,Sj ;SrKh
2015 2016 ùug l%udkql+,j bvye¯u uy nexl=fõ ±ä uqo,a
úfoaYSh
m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd Wmld¯ úh' fuu
l%shdudr®. uOHfhys jqjo rdcH n≥ jHqyfha is≥
lrk ,o ixfYdaOk kej; l%shd;aul ls¯u fukau"
iemhqï wxYfha we;sjQ wjysr;d fya;=fjka 2016 jir
2013 2014 2015 2016
 wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s

1'9 rEm igyk 2016 fmnrjd˙ udih wjidkh jk úg ishhg 7'50

1
ks;H fmd,S wkqmd;sl fldßfvdaj iy f;dard.;a olajd by< .sfhah' 2016 wfm%a,a uq,a ld,h jk úg
fj<`ofmd< fmd,S wkqmd;sl n˙; idudkH talaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slh m%;sm;a;s
15 fmd,S wkqmd;sl fld˙fvdafõ by< iSudj blaujd

14 ishhg 8'15 olajd jeä jqj o" uy nexl=j úiska
13
is≥lrk ,o újg fj<|fmd< lghq;= fláld,Sk
12
11
uqo,a fj<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;slj, WÉpdjpk
ishhg

10 fndfyda ≥rg md,kh ls¯ug Wmld¯ úh' 2016

9 cQ,s udih jk f;la n˙; idudkH talaIK uqo,a
8
wkqmd;slh ishhg 8'15 - 8'24 uÜgfï mej;s w;r"
7
6
2016 cQ,s udifha ° m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl by<
5 kexùu;a iuÛ th ishhg 8'40 olajd by< f.dia
bkamiqj ia:dhS úh' 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg
foie'-11
udr®'-12
cqks-12
iema'-12
foie'-12
udr®'-13
cqks-13
iema'-13
foie'-13
udr®'-14
cqks-14
iema'-14
foie'-14
udr®'-15
cqks-15
iema'-15
foie'-15
udr®'-16
cqks-16
iema'-16
foie'-16
udr®'-17
th ishhg 8'42 la f,i jdr®;d úh' jifr® fojk
n˙; idudkH NdKavd.dr ì,am;a udisl n˙;
tAlaIK uqo,a M,∞ wkqmd;slh idudkH m%uqL
Nd.h jk úg hï ukao.dó ùula fmkakqï l< o
wkqmd;slh ^udih ^†k 91& Kh wkqmd;slh ±ä uqo,a ;;a;ajh iy wruqo,a i|yd rcfha
w. °&
n˙; idudkH ks;H fmd,S by< b,aÆu ms<sìUq lrñka NdKavd.dr ì,am;a
wkqmd;sl fld˙fvdaj
;ekam;=
wkqmd;slh
M,∞ wkqmd;sl 2016 jir ;=< ° by< .sfhah'
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j rchg wjYH wruqo,a /ia ls¯fï ° fjkafoais
l%uh yd iDcq ia:dk.; l%uh hk fowdldrfhka
wjidkh jk úg u;=msg WoaOukfhys by< hEfï iukaú; ñY% l%ufõohla Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka
m%jK;djla olakg ,enqKq w;r" uQ,sl WoaOukh o iq/l=ïm;a ksl=;a lrkq fjkqjg" uy nexl=j fj;
by< .sfhah' jd◊c nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYh muKla iq/l=ïm;a iDcqj ia:dk.; ls¯ula iys;
fj; imhk ,o Kh jr®Okfhys hï wvq ùula fjkafoais l%uh fhd∞ .ekSu rcfha iq/l=ïm;a
fmkakqï l< o" úfYaIfhkau 2017 uq,a ld,fha ° i|yd M,∞ wkqmd;sl by< kexùug fya;= úh'
iemhqï wxYfha wjysr;d iy n≥ by< hEu ksid ta wkqj" †k 91" †k 182 iy †k 364 NdKavd.dr
by< .sh WoaOukh md,kh ls¯u i|yd uy nexl=j ì,am;a M,∞ wkqmd;sl 2015 jir wjidkfha
2017 udr®;= udifha ° uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh ;j≥rg;a ±ä jdr®;d jQ ishhg 6'45" ishhg 6'83 iy ishhg
lf<ah' uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul ls¯fï ° jeä 7'30 yd iei£fï ° 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg"
jYfhka b†˙ ld,Sk ±laulska hq;=j lghq;= ls¯fï ms<sfj<ska" ishhg 8'72" ishhg 9'63 iy ishhg
keUqrejlska hq;=j uy nexl=j úiska l,awe;sj 10'17 olajd by< .sfhah' †.=ld,Sk m˙K; ld,hla
wkq.ukh lrk ,o fuu l%shdudr®. fya;=fjka iys; rcfha iq/l=ïm;a M,∞ wkqmd;sl o óg
wys;lr WoaOuk wfmalaId we;s ùu je<elaùu;a iudk m%jK;djla fmkakqï lf<ah' fuu m%jK;d
wys;lr wfmalaIdj, miq n,mEu wju ls¯u;a iuÛ 2016 jir ;=< ° jd◊c nexl=j, ;ekam;=
wfmalaId flfr®' iy Kh fmd,S wkqmd;slj, lemSfmfkk by<
hEula ±lsh yels úh' ta wkqj" n˙; idudkH
wdr®:ßlfha mej;s ±ä uqo,a ;;a;ajh ms<sìUq ;ekam;= fmd,S wkqmd;slh 2015 jir wjidkfha
lrñka 2016 jir ;=< ° fj<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;sl mej;s ishhg 6'20 isg 2016 wjidkh jk úg
by< .sfhah' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska 2016 ckjd˙ ishhg 8'17 olajd mokï wxl 197 lska by< .sh
udifha isg n,meje;afjk m˙† jHjia:dms; ixÑ; w;r" n˙; idudkH ia:djr ;ekam;= wkqmd;slh o"
wkqmd;h by< kexùu" 2016 fmnrjd˙ udifha ° 2015 wjidkfha mej;s ishhg 7'57 isg 2016
m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< kexùu iy foaYSh wjidkh jk úg ishhg 10'46 la olajd mokï wxl
uqo,a fj<|fmd< w;s˙la; remsh,a øjYS,;dj 289 lska by< .sfhah' kj ;ekam;= i|yd ms˙kukq
l%ufhka wvq ùu fya;=fjka fláld,Sk fmd,S ,enQ fmd,S wkqmd;sl o jir ;=< ° ie,lsh hq;=
wkqmd;sl by< .sfhah' ta wkqj" jr®;udkfhys f,i by< .sfhah' oeä uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ia:djrfhys
wkq.ukh flfrk jeä†hqKq l< uqo,a m%;sm;a;s n,mEu" ysÛ øjYS,;d ;;a;ajh iy ;ekam;= fmd,S
rduqfjys fufyhqï b,lalh jk n˙; idudkH wkqmd;sl jeäùu fya;=fjka wruqo,a ms˙jeh by<
talaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slh (AWCMR) 2015 jir hEu ms<sìUq lrñka Kh fmd,S wkqmd;sl o by<
wjidkfhys jdr®;d jQ ishhg 6'40 yd iei£fï ° .sfhah' ta wkqj" jd◊c nexl= úiska ish m%uqL

15
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

.kqfokqlrejka fj; imhkq ,nk Kh i|yd wh rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl hk fowxYhgu imhk

1
lrkq ,nk fmd,S wkqmd;sl u; mokïj i;sm;d
.Kkh lrkq ,nk n˙; idudkH m%uqL Kh fmd,S
wkqmd;slh" 2015 jir wjidkfha mej;s ishhg
7'53 isg 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg ishhg 11'52 la
olajd mokï wxl 399 lska by< .sh w;r" udisl
n˙; idudkH m%uqL Kh fmd,S wkqmd;slh 2015
jir wjidkfha mej;s ishhg 7'40 isg 2016 jir
wjidkh jk úg ishhg 11'73 la olajd mokï
wxl 433 lska by< .sfhah' tfukau" n˙; idudkH
Kh fmd,S wkqmd;slh 2015 jir wjidkfha mej;s
ishhg 11'00 isg 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg ishhg
13'20 olajd mokï wxl 220 lska by< .sfhah' ;jo"
n˙; idudkH kj Kh wkqmd;slh o 2015 jir
wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ ishhg 10'79 isg 2016 jir
wjidkh jk úg ishhg 14'37 la olajd ie,lsh
hq;= f,i by< .sfhah'
ixÑ; uqo,a" jdr®Isl ,laIHuh moku
u; 2015 jir wjidkfha mej;s ishhg 16'5 yd
iei£fï ° 2016 jir wjidkfha ° ishhg 27'1 l
by< jr®Okhla jdr®;d lf<ah' ta wkqj" 2016 jir
wjidkh jk úg ixÑ; uqo,a remsh,a ì,shk
856'1 olajd remsh,a ì,shk 182'7 lska ie,lsh
hq;= f,i by< .sfhah' j.lSï wxYh ie,l+ úg"
ixirKfhys mj;sk jHjydr uqo,a m%udKh iy
uy nexl=j fj;e;s jd◊c nexl= ;ekam;=j, by<
hEu ;=<ska ixÑ; uqo,aj, m%idrKh ms<sìUq fõ'
2016 ckjd˙ udifha° jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wkqmd;h
by< kexùfï m%;sM,hla f,i uy nexl=j fj;e;s
jd◊c nexl= ;ekam;= 2016 jir ;=< ° ie,lsh
hq;= f,i by< .sfhah' j;alï wxYh wkqj .;a
l," uy nexl=fõ Y=oaO foaYSh j;alï by< hEu"
ixÑ; uqo,a by< hEu i|yd uqΩukskau fya;= jQ
w;r" 2016 jir ;=< ° Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alïj, wvq
,o Kh m%udKfhys m%idrKh fya;=fjka mqΩ,a
uqo,a iemhqu (M2b) 2016 jir ;=< ° mqfrdal:kh
l< w.hg jvd by< fõ.hlska wLKavj jr®Okh
úh' ta wkqj" 2015 jir wjidkfha ° ishhg 17'8 l
w.hla jdr®;d l< mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqfï jdr®Isl
,laIHuh jr®Okh 2016 foieïnr® udih wjidkh
jk úg ishhg 18'4 la jQ w;r" mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqfï
idudkH jr®Okh ishhg 18'1 l by< uÜgul
mej;sK' fmr jifr® olakg ,enqKq m%jK;dj
fjkia lrñka 2016 jir ;=< ° mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqfï
jr®Okh i|yd ∞hl fjñka nexl= wxYfha Y=oaO
úfoaYSh j;alï by< .sfhah' flfia fj;;a" ishhg
92 l muK ∞hl;ajhla imhñka nexl= wxYfha
Y=oaO foaYSh j;alï ;j≥rg;a mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqfï
m%idrKh i|yd m%Odk jYfhka ∞hl úh' fï
i|yd rch iy fm!oa.,sl hk fowxYhg imhk
,o Kh m%udKh by< hEu m%Odk jYfhka fya;=
úh' 2016 jir ;=< ° rch fj; imhk ,o Y=oaO
Kh m%udKh" whjeh u.ska weia;fïka;=.;
uÜgu blaujd hñka 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ remsh,a
ì,shk 323'6 yd iei£fï ° 2016 jir ;=< °
remsh,a ì,shk 212'6 lska by< .sfhah' uy nexl=j
úiska rchg imhk ,o Y=oaO Kh m%udKh 2015
jifr® jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk 80'3 yd iei£fï °
2016 jir ;=< ° remsh,a ì,shk 183'1 lska
ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< hEu fï i|yd m%Odk
fya;=j jQ w;r jd◊c nexl= úiska rch fj; ,nd≥ka
Kh o fuu iuia; by< hEu i|yd Okd;aul
∞hl;ajhla iemhSh' 2015 jir wjidkfha °
1'10 rEm igyk
mq¿,a uqo,a j¾Okh yd ;=vqÿka idOl
35
30

ùula is≥ úh' Y=oaO foaYSh j;alï by< hEu i|yd 25

20
uy nexl=j i;= rcfha iq/l=ïm;a f;d.fhys is≥ jQ 15
ie,lsh hq;= by< hEu m%Odk jYfhka fya;= jQ w;r"
ishhg

10

tys m%;sM,hla jYfhka 2016 jir wjidkh jk 5

0
úg uy nexl=j úiska rch fj; imhk ,o Y=oaO -5
Kh m%udKh remsh,a ì,shk 413'0 olajd remsh,a -10

ì,shk 183'1 lska by< .sfhah' rchg wjYH wruqo,a -15

-20
foie'-12

udr®'-13

cqks-13

iema'-13

foie'-13

udr®'-14

cqks-14
iema'-14

foie'-14

udr®'-15

cqks-15

iema'-15

foie'-15

udr®'-16
cqks-16
iema'-16
foie'-16

,nd.ekSu i|yd jr®;udkfha uqΩukskau fjkafoais

l%uh u; mokï ùu iy NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ksl=;a
ls¯fï ° iDcq ia:dk.; ls¯ï uy nexl=j fj; Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alï fm!oa.,sl wxYhg ,nd≥ka Kh

muKla is≥ ls¯u uy nexl=j úiska rch fj; rdcH ixia:d i`oyd ,nd≥ka Kh rchg ,nd≥ka Kh ^Y=oaO&

imhk ,o Y=oaO Kh m%udKh jeäùug m%Odk wfkl=;a whs;u ^Y=oaO& mqM,a uqo,a (M2b) jr®Okh

fya;=j úh' uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

16
 wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s

jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk 79'2 yd iei£fï ° 1'11 rEm igyk

1
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j i;= NdKavd.dr ì,am;a f;d.h jd◊Ksc nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYhg imhk ,o Kh
^m%;sñ,° .ekqï .kqfokq yer& 2016 jir ;=< ° 200 40

fuf;la jdr®;d jQ by<u uÜgu jk remsh,a ì,shk 35

150 30
330'0 olajd ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< .sfhah' ;jo" uy 25

remsh,a ì,shk
nexl=j úiska rchg imhk ,o Y=oaO Kh f;d.fhys 100 20

ishhg
m%Odk ixrplhla jk ;djld,sl w;a;sldrï 2015 15
50 10
jir wjidkfha mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 151'1 yd 5
iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® m<uq udi tfld<y ;=< ° 0 0

remsh,a ì,shk 184'6 l idudkHhla jdr®;d l< o" -5

foie'-12
udr®'-13
cqks'-13
iema'-13
foie'-13

2016 jir wjidkh jk úg remsh,a ì,shk 83'3
olajd ;djld,sl jYfhka wvq úh' 2016 foieïnr®
udih ;=< ° uy nexl=j fj; remsh,a ì,shk 100 l
jákdlulska hq;= NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ksl=;a ls¯u
;=<ska ,nd.;a wruqo,a Wmfhda.S fldg f.k
;djld,sl w;a;sldrïj,ska fldgila rch úiska
mshùu fï i|yd fya;= úh' rcfha uqo,a m%jdy
wjYH;d i|yd myiqlï ie,iQ fuu ;djld,sl
.kqfokqj 2017 ckjd˙ udifha ° rch úiska h<s
yrjk ,°' tfia jqj o" úfYaIfhkau" ,xld Lksc
f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj we;=Ω rch i;= m%Odk jd◊c
jHjidhkays hym;a uQ,H ;;a;ajh fya;=fjka
nexl= wxYh úiska rdcH ixia:dj,g imhk ,o
Kh m%udKh 2016 jir ;=< ° my< .sfhah' flfia
fj;;a" fuu ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< °" Y%S,xlka .=jka
iud.u" udr®. ixjr®Ok wêld˙h" ,xld fmdfydr
iud.u" ,xld keõ ixia:dj iy fld<U fmdfydr
iud.u úiska nexl= wxYh fj;ska ,nd.;a Kh
m%udKh by< .sfhah'
2016 jir ;=< ° jd◊c nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl
wxYh fj; imhk ,o Kh m%udKh wLKavj
by< .sh w;r" jifr® wjidk Nd.h ;=< tu Kh
jr®Okfhys lsishï ukao.dó ùula olakg ,enq◊'
2015 jir wjidkfha ishhg 25'1 la jQ fm!oa.,sl
wxYh fj; imhk ,o Kh m%udKfhys jdr®Isl
,laIHuh jr®Okh 2016 cQ,s udifha ° ishhg 28'5 l
by<u jr®Okhla jdr®;d lrk ,o w;r" uy nexl=j
úiska wkq.ukh lrk ,o uqo,a m%;sm;a;s
l%shdudr®.j,g m%;spdr olajñka" 2016 jir
wjidkh jk úg ishhg 21'9 la olajd my< .sfhah'
ta wkqj" fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj; imhk ,o Kh
m%udKfhys m%idrKh fmr jifr® mej;s remsh,a
ì,shk 691'4 yd iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® °
remsh,a ì,shk 754'9 la úh' rch úiska 2016
jir ;=< ° rdcH nexl=j,ska Kh ,nd.ekSu
idfmalaI jYfhka wvq ùu fya;=fjka rdcH
nexl= fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj; ,nd≥ka Kh
udr®'-14
cqks'-14
iema'-14
foie'-14
udr®'-15
cqks'-15
iema'-15
foie'-15
udr®'-16
cqks'-16
iema'-16
foie'-16
-50 -10
Kh m%udKfhys udisl jdr®Isl ,laIHuh
fjkiaùu Kh jr®Okh ^ol=Kq wlaIh&
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
m%udKh ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< .sfhah' jd◊c
nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj; imhk ,o
Kh iy w;a;sldrï ms<sn| ldr®;=uh iólaIKhg
wkqj" 2016 jir ;=< ° wdr®:ßlfha ishÆ m%Odk
wxY i|yd imhk ,o Kh m%udKh ie,lsh hq;=
f,i by< .sfhah' jdr®Isl ,laIHuh moku u;
fiajd iy lr®udka; wxY i|yd imhk ,o Kh
m%udKfhys jr®Okh 2015 jifr® °" ms<sfj<ska"
ishhg 34'1 iy ishhg 25'0 la jQ w;r 2016 jifr® °"
ms<sfj<ska" ishhg 35'4 la iy ishhg 22'2 la úh'
lr®udka; wxYh i|yd imhk ,o Kh m%udKh
;=< b†ls¯ï Wm wxYh i|yd imhk ,o Kh
m%udKfhys jdr®Isl ,laIHuh jr®Okh ishhg 26'9 l
ie,lsh hq;= w.hla jdr®;d lf<ah' lDIslr®udka;
iy ëjr wxYh fj; imhk ,o Kh m%udKh
jdr®Isl ,laIHuh moku u;" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ
ishhg 7'5 l jr®Okh yd iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 17'0 lska jr®Okh úh' flfia fj;;a"
fm!oa.,sl Kh iy w;a;sldrï wxYh ;=< we;=<;a
Wlia Kh w;a;sldrï wLKavj my< .sh w;r"
l,amj;akd md˙fNda.sl NdKav ñ,° .ekSu"
fm!oa.,sl fi!LH" wOHdmk iy Kh ldâm;a
fYaI hk Wm wxY hgf;a ,nd≥ka Kh m%udKh
2016 jir ;=< ° by< .sfhah'
uQ,H wxYfha j¾Okhka
2016 jir ;=< ° mej;s ±ä uqo,a ;;a;ajh
ms<sìUq lrñka 2015 jirg idfmalaIj nexl= wxYfha
j;alï ukao.dó f,i jr®Okh jQ w;r" nexl= wxYh
úiska wju jHjia:dms; wjYH;d uÜgug jvd
by<ska m%d.aOkh iy øjYS,;dj mj;ajd .kq ,eîh'
Kh iy w;a;sldrï by< hEu fya;=fjka nexl=
wxYfha j;alï moku ishhg 12'0 lska jr®Okh úh'

17
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
m%Odk jYfhka" úfoaY uqo,ska ,nd.;a Kh .ekSu
1
wvqùu fya;=fjka nexl= wxYh úiska ,nd.;a Kh
ishhg 3'5 lska wvq jqjo" by< fmd,S wkqmd;sl
jd;djrKhla hgf;a ld,Sk ;ekam;= jr®Okh ùu
fya;=fjka 2016 jir ;=< ° nexl= wxYfha ;ekam;=
ishhg 16'5 lska by< .sfhah' nexl= wxYfhys Y=oaO
fmd,S wd∞hfï by< hEu ms<sìUq lrñka j;alï
u; m%;s,dN iy ysñlï u; m%;s,dN u.ska .Kkh
lrkq ,nk nexl= wxYfhys ,dN∞hs;ajh 2016 jir
;=< ° jr®Okh úh' fï w;r" nexl= wxYh úiska
m%d.aOk iy øjYS,;d uÜgï wju kshduk
wjYH;djg jvd by< uÜgul mj;ajd .kq ,enQ
w;r" jir ;=< ° úplaIKYS,S f,i wjodkï
l<ukdlrKh wLKavj is≥ lr we;' miq.sh oYl
fol ;=< ° wl%Sh Kh wkqmd;fha jdr®;d l< wju
w.h iksgqyka lrñka 2016 jifr®° j;alïj,
.=Kd;aulNdjh jr®Okh ù we;' fï w;r" kj
nexl= YdLd iy iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% myiqlï
we;s ls¯u ;=<ska nexl= wxYh ish fufyhqï lghq;=
mqΩ,a ls¯ug lghq;= lrk ,°'
2016 jir ;=< ° n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï
iy úfYaIs; l,an≥ iud.ïj, j;alï iy YdLd
cd,fhys jr®Okhla jdr®;d jQ w;r" wNsfhda.d;aul
jHdmd˙l m˙irhla uOHfha wfkl=;a nexl= fkdjk
uQ,H wdh;k ñY% fufyhqï ldr®hidOkhla jr®;d
lf<ah' n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥
iud.ï r: jdyk i|yd uQ,H myiqlï iemhSfï
ish m%Odk jHdmdr lghq;af;ka l%ufhka neyer ù
wfkl=;a Kh WmlrK flfrys jeä wjOdkhla
fhduq lrñka 2016 jifr®° ish j;alï moku
mqΩ,a lrf.k we;' kuHYS,SNdjh yd ms˙jeh
i,ld n,d iqΩ m˙udK ;ekam;=j, isg nexl= Kh
,nd.ekSu flfrys fuu wxYh l%ufhka fhduq ùu
ksid" foaYSh Kh u.ska fuu jr®Okh m%Odk jYfhka
uQ,Hkh lr we;' jHdmdr lghq;=j, m%idrKh iy
fufyhqï ldr®hlaIu;dj jeä ùu;a iuÛ uOHia:
f,i by< kexjqKq Y=oaO fmd,S wd∞hu fya;=fjka
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥
iud.ïj, ,dN∞hs;ajh 2016 jifr® ° by< .sfhah'
wl%Sh Kh" øjYS,;dj iy m%d.aOkh hym;a uÜgul
mej;Su ;=<ska ms<sìUq flfrk m˙†" tu wxYfha
wj∞kï iuia;hla jYfhka ukdj l<ukdlrKh
l< yels uÜgul mej;=◊' fï w;r" rdcH
iq/l=ïm;a i|yd jQ m%d:ñl wf,úlrejkaf.a
iuia; wdfhdack l<U fukau" iuia; j;alï
m%udKh o my< .sfhah' flfia jqjo" m%d:ñl
wf,úlrejkaf.a iuia; m%d.aOkh iy ,dN∞hs;ajh
jr®Okh úh' 2016 jifr® ° tall Ndr wxYfhys
18
iuia; j;alï fukau" ksl=;a l< tall Ndr
ixLHdfõ my< hEula jdr®;d úh' tall Ndr úiska
rcfha iq/l=ïm;aj, is≥ l< wdfhdack ie,lsh hq;=
f,i by< .sh w;r" fldgia fj<|fmd< wdfhdack
iqΩ jYfhka my< .sfhah' fï w;r" 2016 jifr® °
rlaIK wxYfha iuia; j;alï m%udKh by< .sh
w;r" †.=ld,Sk rlaIK iy idudkH rlaIK hk
jHdmdr wxY folu fï i|yd ∞hl úh' idudkH
rlaIK jHdmdrfha by< jr®Okh fya;=fjka rlaIK
wxYfha iuia; ,dN bmehSu 2016 jifr® ° ie,lsh
hq;= f,i by< .sfhah' 2016 jifr® mej;s by<
fj<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;sl uOHfha jqjo wdfhdack
wd∞hu by< hEu iy o< ,shdy< jd˙l wd∞hï
fï i|yd fya;= úh' 2016 jifr® úY%dñl wruqo,a
wxYfha iuia; j;alïj, idudkH jr®Okhla
fmkakqï l< w;r" fuu jr®Okh wdfhdack u.ska
bmehQ wd∞hu by< hEu iy idud‚l Y=oaO ∞hl
uqo,a ^∞hl uqo,a ,eîïj,ska m%;s,dN f.ùu wvq
l< miq& ,eîïj, taldnoaO m%;sM,hla úh'
uQ,H wxYfhys Yla;su;aNdjh iy
iqrlaIs;Ndjh jr®Okh ls¯u u.ska uyckhdf.a
úYajikShNdjh jeä†hqKq ls¯fï woyi fmr±˙j
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j we;=Ω kshduk wdh;k úiska
uQ,H wdh;k i|yd jk wëlaIK yd kshduk
rduqj Yla;su;a ls¯u i|yd l%shdudr®. .Kkdjla
wdrïN lrk ,°' ndi,a III iïuq;sh hgf;a uy
nexl=j úiska 2017 cQ,s ui isg n,meje;afjk m˙†
n,m;%,dNS nexl= i|yd jk m%d.aOk wjYH;dj
by< kxjk ,°' kshduk m%d.aOkh" øjYS,;dj iy
wj∞kï l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| uQ,sl f;dr;=re
m%ldYs; uQ,H m%ldY u.ska wkdjrKh lrk
f,i;a" uqo,a meje¯ïj,° whlrkq ,nk .dia;=
ms<sn| jeä wkdjrKhla ,ndfok f,i;a" ishÆ
n,m;%,dNS nexl=j,g kshu lrk ,°' tfiau"
ihsnr® wdrlaIKh iïnkaOj u;=jkakd jQ wj∞kï
i|yd ms<shï fh°fï wruq◊ka ihsnr® wdrlaIK
isoaê ms<sn| jdr®;d uy nexl=jg imhk f,i ishÆ
n,m;%,dNS nexl= fj; ±kqï fok ,°' tfukau"
úksúoNdjh iy ñ, wkdjrKh by< kexùu u.ska
nexl= wxYh ;=< rdcH iq/l=ïm;a i|yd oaú;Shsl
fj<|fmd< m%jr®Okhg l%shdudr®. .kq ,eîh'
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥
iud.ï ms<sn| ie,lSfï °" uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;djh
mj;ajd .ekSfï wruq◊ka uQ,Huh jYfhka ≥r®j,
;;a;ajfha miqjk uQ,H wdh;k h<s kÛdisgqùu
i|yd kshduk ls%hdudr®. .kakd w;ru foaYSh
fukau úfoaYSh iïu;hka iy l%shdmámdáj,g
wkql+,j úplaIKYS,S l%shdudr®. .ekSu uy nexl=j
úiska wLKavj is≥lrk ,°' fï w;r" kshdukh
 wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s
fkdlrk ,o laIqø uQ,H wdh;k iy rdcH
fkdjk laIqø uQ,H wdh;k i|yd n,m;% ksl=;a
ls¯u" kshdukh iy wëlaIKh wruqKq lrf.k
wÆ;ska kS;s.; lrk ,o 2016 wxl 6 ork laIqø
uQ,H mkf;ys úêúOdk hgf;a Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
úiska laIqø uQ,H wdh;k i|yd kshduk rduqjla
2016 jifr® ° y∫kajd fok ,°' rlaIK jHdmdrfha
jD;a;Sh uÜgu iy lSr®;skduh m%jr®Okh lrk
w;ru" rlaIK Tmamq ysñhkaf.a m%;s,dN iq/lSu
i|yd 2016 jifr® ° Y%S ,xld rlaIK uKav,h úiska
kshduk l%shdudr®. lsysmhla l%shd;aul lr we;'
úfYaIfhkau" whs;sh fyda md,kh fjkiaùï ms<sn|
ishÆ rlaIK iud.ï iy rlaIK ;e/õlrejka
Y%S ,xld rlaIK uKav,fha ,sÅ; wkque;sh ,nd.;
hq;= njg kshu flreKq w;r" rlaIK Tmamq ysñhkag
rlaIK Tmamqfjys kshuhka iy fldkafoais m¯laId
ls¯ug †k 21 l i,ld ne,Sfï ld,hla$ms˙laiqug
ld,hla ,ndfok f,i ishÆu †.=ld,Sk rlaIK
iud.ï fj; kshu lrk ,°'
1'3 f.da,Sh wd¾Ól mßirh iy bÈß ±lau
cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, úiska m%ldYs; f,dal
wdr®:ßl b†˙ ±lau (World Economic Outlook)1 wkqj"
keÛS tk fj<|fmd< yd ixjr®Okh fjñka mj;sk
rgj, wdr®:ßl l%shdldrlï wLKavj ≥r®j, uÜgul
mej;Su uOHfhys †hqKq rgj, wdr®:ßl jr®Ok
fõ.h wfmalaIs; uÜgug;a jvd by< jr®Okhla
w;alr .ekSu;a iuÛ" 2016 jifr® fojk Nd.fha °
f.da,Sh wdr®:ßl jr®Ok m%jK;dj by< .sfhah'
fndfyda †hqKq rgj,a ish wdr®:ßlhka ;=< b,aÆu
by< kexùu i|yd wLKav W;aidyhka ork w;r;=r"
f.da,Sh uQ,H fj<|fmd<j, mej;s wiSre;d
fya;=fjka we;s jQ n,mEu uOHfha jqjo" keÛS tk
fj<|fmd< iy ixjr®Okh fjñka mj;sk wdr®:ßlhka
;=< f.jqï ;=,k ;;a;aj" rdcH uQ,H ;;a;aj iy
wdfhdack l%shdldrlï hk idOl u; mokïj
úúO wdr®:ßl jr®Ok yd úksuh wkqmd;sl m%jK;d
ms<sìUq lf<ah' Lksc f;,a ksIamdokh lrk m%Odk
rgj,a úiska ish ksIamdokh iSud ls¯u i|yd t<ô
.súiqu fya;=fjka jir ;=<° Lksc f;,a ñ, .Kka
l%ufhka by< .sfhah' flfia jqjo" fuu ñ, .Kka
hgf;a" úfYaIfhka tlai;a ckmoh jeks rgj,a
±ä iemhqï m%;spdr ±laùu yryd fj<|fmd<g
ueosy;a jkq we;ehs wfmaCId flfrk w;r"
1 World Economic Outlook - April 2017 and World Economic Outlook Update
- January 2017
tAA fya;=fjkaa Lksc f;,a ner,hl ñ, t'c' fvd,r® 60
1
blaujd fkdhkq we;s nj fmd≥ ms<s.ekSu fõ'
m%Odk jYfhkau" jifr® wjidk Nd.h ;=<°" wdydr
iy uQ, f,day we;=Ω fndfyda NdKavj, ñ, .Kka
by< hEfï Wmk;shla fmkakqï lf<ah' f.da,Sh
wdr®:ßlfhys wLKavj mej;s wúksYaÑ;;d fukau
cd;Hka;r foaYmd,kfhys mej;s le<ô,s iy.;
nj fya;=fjka m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhkaf.a fukau
fm!oa.,sl wdfhdaclhkaf.a wdr®:ßl ;SrK u;
n,mEï t,a, úh'
úfYaIfhkau" 2016 jifr® m<uq Nd.fha
mej;s ukao.dó wdr®:ßl jr®Okh iy wvq WoaOuk
;;a;ajh fya;=fjka jifr® jeä ld,hla mqrd
,sys,a uqo,a m%;sm;a;shla l%shd;aul ls¯ug †hqKq
wdr®:ßl iys; rgj,g is≥ úh' flfia jqj;a"
tlai;a ckmo wdr®:ßlh wLKavj jr®Okhùu yd
/lshd W;amdok wjia:djka mqΩ,a ùu ms<sn| i,l=Kq
iuÛ tlai;a ckmo fµvr,a ixÑ; nexl=j úiska
2015 foieïnr® udifha ° m<uq jrg fmd,S wkqmd;sl
fjkia ls¯fuka wk;=rej" 2016 foieïnr® udifha °
iy 2017 udr®;= udifha ° b,lal.; fµvr,a
wruqo,a wkqmd;slh (Federal Funds Target Rate)
by< kxjk ,°' tlai;a rdcOdksh hqfrdamd
ix.ufhka bj;aùu (Brexit) i|yd mj;ajk ,o
cku; úpdrKh o uQ,H fj<|fmd< ;=< iy
f.da,Sh wdr®:ßl wfmalaId flfrys wúksYaÑ;;d
we;s ls¯ug fya;= úh' jifr® fojk Nd.fha ° Lksc
f;,a ñ, .Kka by< uÜgul ia:djr ùu;a iuÛ"
reishdj we;=Ω Lksc f;,a ksIamdokh lrkq ,nk
rgj, wdr®:ßlhkays lsishï jr®Okhla ms<sìUq úh'
Ökh úiska wdfhdack u; jQ /¢hdj wvq lrñka
iy foaYSh b,aÆu by< kexùu ;=<ska jr®Okh h<s
;=,kh ls¯u i|yd m%;sm;a;s idkqn, Ndú;d ls¯u
fya;=fjka Lksc f;,a iy uQ, f,day jeks m%Odk
NdKav i|yd" Ökh m%Odk .ekqïlrejl= f,i
l%shdlrkq ,nk cd;Hka;r NdKav fj<|fmd< ;=<
wúksYaÑ;;d we;s úh' fuu jr®Okhka iy wfmalaId
fya;=fjka f.da,Sh fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< hEu fuu
ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< ° keÛS tk fj<|fmd< wdr®:ßl
fj;ska wdfhdack bj; we° hEug fya;= úh' jir
;=<° wfkl=;a m%Odk jHjydr uqo,a jr®.j,g
idfmalaIj t'c' fvd,rh w;sm%udKh úh' Lksc
f;,a ksIamdolhka we;=Ω NdKav wmkhkh lrkq
,nk rgj, jHjydr uqo,a w;sm%udKh jQ w;r"
iagr®,ska mjqu" hqfrda iy cmka fhka hk uqo,a
tall fuu ld,h ;=< wjm%udKh úh'
19
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

1'4 ixLHd igyk ckmoh úiska y∫kajd °ug fmdfrdka≥ ù we;s

1
f.da,h
S wd¾Ól m%jK;d iy bÈß oelau ^w& wdrlaIKjd° m%;sm;a;s u; jr®;udk f.da,Sh jr®Ok
2017 2018 mqfrdal:k rπ mj;S' ta wkqj" wefu˙ld tlai;a
YSr®Ih 2015 2016
mqfrdal:k mqfrdal:k ckmofha fj<| yjq,alrejka úiska kj foaYSh iy
f,dal ksIm
a d†;h 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.6 cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd< fukau kj jr®Ok idOl
ixjr®ê; wdr®:lß 2.1 1.7 2.0 2.0
wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh 2.6 1.6 2.3 2.5
flfrys fhduq ùu;a iuÛ b†˙ fojirl ld,h
hqfrda l,dmh 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.6 ;=< f.da,Sh jr®Okh fuu fj<| yjq,alrejkaf.a
tlai;a rdcOdksh 2.2 1.8 2.0 1.5 m%;spdr u; rπ mj;skq we;' Ydka;slr l,dmSh
cmdkh 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.6
keÛS tk fj<|fmd< iy ixjr®Okh rgj,a w;r jQ fj<| .súiqfuka (Trans-Pacific
fjñka mj;sk wdr®:l
ß 4.2 4.1 4.5 4.8 Partnership Agreement) wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh
keÛS tk iy ixjr®Okh jk wdishdj 6.7 6.4 6.4 6.4
Ökh 6.9 6.7 6.6 6.2
bj;aùu fya;=fjka wysñ jQ fj<|fmd< i|yd h<s
bka†hdj 7.9 6.8 7.2 7.7 m%fõY ùug cmdkh úiska wjia:d fidhk w;r;=r"
f,dal fj<| m˙udj ^NdKav yd fiajd& 2.7 2.2 3.8 3.9
hqfrdamd ix.ufhka bj;aùu fya;=fjka we;s úh
yels n,mEu ;=<ska tlai;a rdcOdksfhys wdr®:ßl
ñ, yeis¯u
md˙fNda.l
s ñ, wfmalaIdj, jHdl+< ;;a;ajhla we;s ù we;'
ixjr®ê; wdr®:l
ß 0.3 0.8 2.0 1.9 Ökfhys by< wdr®:ßl jr®Okh m%;sm;a;s idkqn,
keÛS tk fj<|fmd< iy
ixjr®Okh fjñka mj;sk wdr®:l
ß 4.7 4.4 4.7 4.4 ;=<ska Yla;su;a jkq we;ehs wfmalaId lrkq ,enqj o"
fj<| NdKav ñ, ^t'c'fvd,r®& tu.ska Kh m%idrKh iy whjeh iSud u;
bkaOk -47.2 -15.7 28.9 -0.3 we;s l< yels n,mEu fya;=fjka b†˙ ld,fha °
bkaOk fkdjk -17.4 -1.9 8.5 -1.3
wkfmalaIs; m%;sm;a;s fjkia ls¯ï wjYH jkq we;'
t'c'fvd,r® ;ekam;= u; ih udisl
,kavka wka;r® nexl= wr®mK fmd,S
by< jákdlulska hq;a uqo,a fkdaÜgq Ndú;fhka
wkqmd;slh ^ishhg& 0.5 1.1 1.7 2.8 bj;a ls¯u fya;=fjka" m%Odk;u úYd, wdr®:ßlhla
^w& fjk;a i|ykla fkdue;s úg uQ,h( World Economic Outlook iys; bka†hdfõ jr®Okh" 2017 jifr® ° wfmalaIs;
jdr®Isl m%;sY; fjki ^2017 wfm%,
a &a " cd'uQ'wruqo,
uÜgug jvd wvq jkq we;ehs mqfrdal:kh lr we;'
Lksc f;,a ñ, .Kka by< hkq we;ehs wfmalaId
wdfhdack" ksIamdok iy fj<|du hk wxY l< o" Lksc f;,a ksIamdokh wvq uÜgul mej;Su
h:d ;;a;ajhg m;a ùu yuqfõ f.da,Sh wdr®:ßlfhys fya;=fjka úfYaIfhkau" ueofmr†. we;=Ω Lksc
jr®Ok m%jK;dj 2017 iy 2018 jir ;=< ° ;j≥rg;a f;,a wd∞hu u; wdr®:ßl lghq;= rπ mj;akd rgj,
mj;skq we;ehs wfmalaId flfr®' wdr®:ßl wr®nqofhka wdr®:ßl jr®Ok fõ.h wvqjkq we;ehs wfmalaId
miq m<uq j;djg" 2017 m<uq ldr®;=j ;=< ° wefu˙ld flfr®'
tlai;a ckmoh" hqfrdamh" cmdkh yd m%Odk ke`.S
tk fj<`ofmd< wdr®:ßl .Kkdjl wdr®:ßl jr®Ok f.da,Sh wdr®:ßl jr®Okh by< hEu iy tys
m%jK;d by< hEula ±lsh yelsh' †hqKq rgj, m%;sM,hla f,i cd;Hka;r fmd,S wkqmd;sl
mj;sk ,sys,a uqo,a m%;sm;a;s iy m%idrKd;aul rdcH by< hEu Y%S ,xld wdr®:ßlh u; úúO jQ n,mEï
uQ,H m%;sm;a;s iy tu.ska keÛS tk fj<`ofmd< we;s l< yelsh' Lksc f;,a ñ, iy wfkl=;a
iy ixjr®Okh fjñka mj;akd rgj,a u; we;s jk cd;Hka;r NdKav ñ, .Kka by< hEu"
n,mEu fuu wdr®:ßl jr®Okhg fya;= jkq we;' 2017 iuia;hla jYfhka f.jqï ;=,kh iy foaYSh
jifr® ° wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmofhys rdcH uQ,H ñ, or®Yl u; wys;lr n,mEula we;s l< yels
m%;sm;a;sh fndfyda≥rg m%idrKd;aul jkq we;ehs w;r" ueofmr†. l,dmfha wdr®:ßl jr®Okh
wfmalaId flfr®' tlai;a rdcOdksh" hqfrdamd ix.uh ukao.dó ùu f;a wmkhk bmehqï iy úfoaY fiajd
iy cmdkh jeks wfkl=;a †hqKq wdr®:ßlhkays kshqla;slhkaf.a fm%aIK wvqùu i|yd fya;= úh
m%idrKd;aul rdcH uQ,H iy uqo,a m%;sm;a;s b†˙ yelsh' Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk;u ixpdrl m%Njhka jk
jirl fyda foll ld,h ;=< jr®Okh i|yd hqfrdamh" Ökh" bka†hdj iy reishdj hk rgj,
iydh jkq we;ehs wfmalaId flfrk w;r" by< by< wdr®:ßl jr®Okh iuÛ ixpdrl meñ”ï
hñka mj;sk NdKav ñ, .Kka fya;=fjka f.da,Sh by< hEug bv we;' keÛS tk rgj,a w;r is≥jk"
WoaOukh by< hEug;a" tu.ska we;eï wdr®:ßlhka tkï ol=Kq-ol=Kq úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack (South-
uqyqK fok wjOukd;aul mSvk wvq ùug bv South FDIs) by< hEu fya;=fjka Y%S ,xldj iy
we;' flfia jqjo" fj<πu iïnkaOfhka tlai;a wfkl=;a l=vd wdr®:ßl i|yd ,efnk úfoaYSh iDcq

20
 wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s
wdfhdack by< hd yelsh' l,dmh ;=< y∫kajd
°ug fhda‚; fj<| iy wdr®:ßl yjq,ald˙;aj .súiqï
;=<ska by< wd∞hï iys; jvd úYd, l,dmSh
fj<|fmd< ;=<g m%fõY ùug Y%S ,xldjg wjia:dj
ie,fikq we;' uQ,H fj<`ofmd< ;;a;aj ±äùu;a
iuÛ fmr jirj, ° ,nd .;a Kh wdmiq mshùu
i|yd cd;Hka;r uQ,H fj<|fmd< ;=<ska Kh
,nd.ekSfï° iy whjeh ysÛh mshùu i|yd
fhd∞ .kakd úp,H fmd,S wkqmd;sl u; mokï jQ
t'c' fvd,r®j,ska mj;sk Kh WmlrK u; fmd,S
f.ùfï ° Y%S ,xldjg úúO wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK
°ug is≥jkq we;'
1'4' uOHld,Sk id¾j wd¾Ól ±lau
whym;a ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajhkaf.a wys;lr
n,mEï uOHfha jqjo" Y%S ,xld wdr®:ßlh 2017 jifr® °
ishhg 5'0 l muK uOHia: wkqmd;slhlska
jr®Okh jkq we;ehs mqfrdal:kh lr we;s w;r"
bkamiqj wdr®:ßl jr®Ok fõ.h l%ufhka by< hkq
we;ehs o 2020 jir jk úg ishhg 7'0 l jdr®Isl
jr®Ok fõ.hla jdr®;d lrkq we;ehs o wfmalaId
flfr®' wdr®:ßlfhys iy úfoaY fj|fmd<j, mj;sk
jr®Ok wjia:d m%fhdackhg .ksñka wdr®:ßlfhys
wfmalaIs; by< jr®Ok uÜgu <Ûdlr .ekSu i|yd
fm!oa.,sl wxYh úiska m%Odk ldr®hNdrhla bgq
lrkq we;ehs wfmalaId flfr®' ta wkqj" fm!oa.,sl
wxYfha wdfhdack by< hEu wdr®:ßl jr®Okhg
∞hl jkq we;ehs wfmalaId flfr®' fiajd wdY%s;
l%shdldrlï iy wmkhk uQ,sl lr.;a lr®udka;
flfrys úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq lrñka úfoaYSh
wdfhdaclhka by< wdfhdack uÜgula w;alr .ekSu
i|yd ∞hl jkq we;ehs wfmalaId flfr®æ ia:dmkh
ls¯u i|yd ie,iqï lr we;s fld<U uQ,H k.rh"
niakdysr l,dmSh uyd k.r jHdmD;sh hgf;a
we;sjk kj bv m%ia:d yd †jhsfka Bidk†. yd
ks˙;†. l,dmj, msysgqùug fhda‚; wdr®:ßl
fld˙fvda (Economic Corridors) iy yïnkaf;dg yd
;%sl=Kdu, jrdh wjg m%foaYh" fm!oa.,sl wxYfha
wdfhdack wjia:d i|yd bv m%ia:d i,id fokq we;'
fuu wdfhdack wjia:djkag wu;rj" lDIsldr®ñl
iy ldr®ñl wxYfhys hdka;%SlrKh we;=`M kj
;dlaIKh fukau f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh wdY%s;
ixjr®Okhka wd†h u.ska M,∞hS;dj by< kexùu
flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrñka foaYSh wdfhdack
wLKavj is≥ flfrkq we;ehs wfmalaIs;h' fuu
wdr®:ßl jr®Ok m%jK;d b†˙hg mj;ajd f.k hEu
i|yd ys;lr m˙irhla ksr®udKh ls¯ug rch
úiska wkq.ukh lrkq ,nk m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®.
rel=,la jkq we;ehs wfmaalaId flfr®' fuu m%;sm;a;s
1
l%shdudr®.j,g rdcH uQ,H iy úfoaYSh hk wxY
foflysu jHqyd;aul .e,mqï fukau úplaIKYS,S
idr®j wdr®:ßl l<ukdlrK m%;sm;a;s u.ska o wjYH
iydh ,efnkq we;ehs wfmalaIs;h' ;jo" fhda.H
uqo,a m%;sm;a;s mshjr ;=<ska WoaOukh ishhg 5'0 l
muK idudkH uÜgul mj;ajd .ekSug o
wfmalaIs;h' wdr®:ßlfha ;r.ld˙;ajh mj;ajd .eksu
i|yd uQr®; iM, úksuh wkqmd;slh or®Yldxl 100
olajd jk f;la kdñl úksuh wkqmd;slh fjkia
ùug bv ye¯ug;a" bka miq or®Yldxl 100 g
wdikak uÜgfï mj;ajd .ekSug;a wfmalaIs;h'
fuu m%;sm;a;sSka ;=<ska wdr®:ßlfha ksIamdok Od˙;dj
by< hEu u.ska foaYSh ksIamdokh by< hkq we;ehs
wfmalaIs; w;r" ys;lr úfoaY fj<| m%;sm;a;s ksid
fj<|fmd< m%fõYh mqΩ,a ùu fya;=fjka wmkhk
is≥ ls¯ug myiq jkq we;' ta wkqj" ue†ld,fha °
foaYSh yd úfoaYSh hk fowxYfhysu b,aÆu by<
hEu uOHfhys wdr®:ßlfhys is≥ jk jr®Okh i|yd
ishÆu wxYj, ∞hl;ajh ,efnkq we;ehs o tu.ska"
Y%S ,xldjg by< ue† wd∞hï wdr®:ßlhla iys;
rgla njg m;aùug bv m%ia:d ie,fikq we;ehs o
wfmalaIs;h'
úfoaYSh wxYfha ia:dhS;dj we;s ls¯u i|yd
l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk fhda.H m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®.
fya;=fjka úfoaYSh wxYfha b†˙ ±lau ue†ld,fha °
l%ufhka jeä†hqKq jkq we;ehs mqfrdal:kh flfr®'
úfoaYSh wxYfha mqfrdal:kh lrk ,o jr®Okhka
iuÛ f.jqï ;=,kfha cx.u .sKqfï ysÛh l%ufhka
wvq fj;ehs wfmalaId flfr®æ wdkhkj,g jvd jeä
fõ.hlska wmkhk jeä fj;ehs mqfrdal:kh lr
we;s w;r" tys m%;sM,hla f,i ue†ld,fha ° fj<|
ysÛh wvq jkq we;ehs wfmalaId flfr®æ jr”h fj<|
.súiqï ms<sn| fmd≥ l%uh (GSP+) hgf;ajk iyk
kej; ,nd.ekSu we;=Ω fj<| iïnkaO;d jr®Okh
lr .ekSu iy fhda‚; wdr®:ßl iyfhda.S;d .súiqï
fya;=fjka wmkhkdNsuqL foaYSh ksIamdok jr®Okh
lr.ekSu ;=<ska wmkhk jr®Okh jkq we;ehs
mqfrdal:kh flfr®' m%Odk jYfhka cd;Hka;r
Lksc f;,a ñ, .Kkaj, wfmalaIs; by< hEu;a
iuÛ wka;r® NdKav wdkhk úhou by< hEu
iy mqfrdal:kh l< wdfhdack úhoï by< hEu
fya;=fjka wdfhdack NdKav i|yd jk b,aÆu
jeäùu fya;=fjka wdkhk úhou o wLKavj by<
hkq we;' fï w;r" úfYaIfhkau ixpdrl bmehSï"
m%jdyk fiajd iy ú≥,s ikafoaY" m˙.Kl iy
f;dr;=re fiajd hgf;a jk ,eîï by< hEu;a iuÛ
ue†ld,fha ° fiajd .sKqfï w;s˙la;hla jdr®;d
21
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
lrkq we;ehs mqfrdal:kh fldg we;' fj<|fmd<
1
m%fõYh by< kexùu iy fiajd wmkhk
úúOdx.SlrKh wruqKq lr.;a l%shdudr®. u;
f,dalfha wfkl=;a rgj,ska Wmhd.; hq;= wmkhk
wd∞hï rπ mj;skq we;' cx.u .sKqfï ysÛh wvq
ls¯u i|yd úYd, jYfhka ∞hl jQ úfoaY fiajd
kshqla;slhkaf.a fm%aIK wvq fõ.hlska jqjo ;j≥rg;a
jr®Okh jkq we;ehs wfmalaId flfr®' mqfrdal:kh
lrk ,o úfoaY fiajd kshqla;slhkaf.a fm%aIK
ukao.dó ùu flfrys foaYSh /lshd wjia:d jr®Okh
ùu fya;=fjka Y%u ixl%uK wvq ùu" wr®O mqyqKq
iy kqmqyqKq Y%u ixl%uKh wffOr®hj;a ls¯ug
.kakd ,o l%shdudr®. iy idïm%∞hsl f,i úfoaY
Y%ñlhka ixl%uKh jk rgj, mj;sk wys;lr
wdr®:ßl ;;a;ajh fya;= ù we;' fï w;r" úfoaYSh
iDcq wdfhdack jeks Kh fkdjk uQ,dY%j,ska jk
,eîï fukau" ixjr®Ok jHdmD;s i|yd jk wLKav
úfoaY uQ,Hkh iy cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr
ksl=;a ls¯u jeks Kh iq/l=ïm;a i|yd jk ,eîï
by< hEu fya;=fjka f.jqï ;=,kfhys uQ,H .sKqu
jr®Okh fõ hehs wfmalaId flfr®' fï w;r" Kh
uQ,dY% mokï lr.;a úfoaY úksuh ,eîï u; jeä
jYfhka rπ mej;Su ue† ld,fha ° wvq fj;ehs
wfmalaId flfrk w;r" wmkhk bmehqï by<
kexùu iy úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack ,eîï jeks jvd
;sridr úfoaY uQ,H m%jdyj, ∞hl;ajh u; úfoaY
ixÑ; l%udkql+,j Yla;su;a ùu ;=<ska úfoaYSh
wxYfhys ia:dhS;dj ue† ld,fha ° jr®Okh jkq
we;ehs wfmalaId flfr®æ
ue†ld,Skj kuHYS,S WoaOuk b,lallrK
(Flexible Inflation Targeting) rduqjlg wkq.; ùu
;=<ska ish uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh Yla;su;a lrkq ,nk
nj Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j §2017 jir yd bka b†˙h
i|yd jQ uqo,a iy uQ,H wxYfha m%;sm;a;s
fmr±lau¶ u.ska ks, jYfhka ksfõokh lf<ah'
jr®;udkh jk úg uy nexl=j" uqo,a b,lallrKh
iy WoaOuk b,lallrKh hk m%fõY foflysu
,laIK iys; jeä†hqKq l< uqo,a m%;sm;a;s rduqjla
hgf;a uqo,a m%;sm;a;s fufyhqï is≥lrhs' b†˙fha °
uy nexl=fõ uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" ñ, ia:dhS;dj wruqKq
lr.;a kuHYS,S WoaOuk b,lallrKhla u;
mokï jk w;r" tys° kuHYS,S úksuh wkqmd;sl
m˙irhla hgf;a uQr®; wxYfhys ia:dhS;dj ms<sn|
wjOdkh fhduq flfrkq we;' mej;s wvq WoaOuk
;;a;ajh fukau" rdcH uQ,H tald.%;dj i|yd
.kakd ,o wLKav W;aidyh;a" ue†ld,Skj kuHYS,S
WoaOuk b,lallrKhla fj; fhduqùu i|yd WÑ;
m˙irhla ksr®udKh lr we;' tfiau" uy nexl=j
22
jr®;udkh jk úg cd;Hka;r wdh;k iuÛ tlaj
fuu l%shdj,sh myiq lr,Su i|yd wjYH kS;suh
iy fufyhqï fjkialï i|yd lghq;= lrñka
isà' fuu ffk;sl fjkialï ;=<ska WoaOuk
b,lallrK rduqfõ j.ùu iy úYajikSh;ajh
;yjqre ls¯u wfmalaId lrkq ,efí' ;jo" fï jk
úg uy nexl=j ish ;dlaI◊l YlH;d jeä†hqKq
ls¯fï l%shdj,shl o ksr;j isà' ta wkqj" uy
nexl=j iy cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, taldnoaOj
jHqyd;aul wdlD;s u; mokï jQ mqfrdal:k iy
m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIK moaO;shla (Forecasting and
Policy Analysis System) ksr®udKh ls¯u i|yd lghq;=
wdrïN l< w;r" tu.ska uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ;SrK
.ekSfï l%shdj,sh Yla;su;a ls¯u fukau" kuHYS,S
WoaOuk b,lallrKhla fj; fhduq ùu i|yd
wjYH iydh o imhkq we;' ^úfYaI igyk 1( zY%S
,xldfõ uqo,a m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIKh i|yd wdlD;s
u; mokï jQ m%fõYhlaZ n,kak& fuu wdlD;s ;=<ska
Y%S ,xld wdr®:ßlh ms<sn|j meye†,s wjfndaOhla ,nd
.ekSug;a tu.ska M,∞hS m%;sm;a;s iïmdokhg;a
bv ,efnkq we;ehs wfmalaId lrk w;r" we;s úh
yels wj∞kï iy tu wj∞kï u.ska m%Odk idr®j
wdr®:ßl úp,Hj, wkd.; .ukau.g we;s flfrk
wj∞ku l,a we;sj y∫kd .ekSug o Wmld¯ jkq
we;' ;jo" rch u.ska fï jk úg is≥lr f.k hkq
,nk rdcH uQ,H tald.%;dj ;=<ska úfYaIfhkau"
whjeh ysÛh uQ,Hkh i|yd uy nexl=j u; rπ
meje;Su wju ùu" kuHYSS,S WoaOuk b,lallrK
rduqjg msgqn,hla jkq we;ehs wfmalaId flfr®'
fuu.ska fmd,S wkqmd;slj, wksis WÉpdjpk
j<lajk w;r" wfmalaIs; wdr®:ßl jr®Okh iy ue†
;ks w.hl WoaOuk uÜgula mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd
iydh jkq we;' uqo,a m%;sm;a;s rduqjl idr®:l;ajh"
†hqKq uQ,H fj<|fmd< yryd uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh
ldr®hlaIu f,i iïfm%aIKh ùu u; ;SrKh
jk neúka" ue† ld,Skj †hqKq uQ,H fj<|fmd<la
ixjr®Okh ls¯u i|yd wjYH lrk m%;sm;a;s
y∫kajd °u i|yd b†˙fha ° wfkl=;a kshduk
wdh;k iy wêld¯ka iuÛska iyfhda.fhka
lghq;= ls¯ug uy nexl=j wfmalaId lrhs'
whjeh ysÛh mshùu iy rdcH Kh ;sridr
uÜgul mj;ajdf.k hEu ;=<ska rdcH uQ,H
wxYfhys ia:dhS nj mj;ajdf.k hEug iy
tu.ska wd∞hï mdol lr.;a rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d
l%shdj,sh Yla;su;a ls¯u flfrys rcfha ue†ld,Sk
rdcH uQ,H Wmdhudr®.h fhduq ù we;' fuu
m%h;akfha ° wd∞hï by< kexùug iy úhoï
;dr®lSlrKh ls¯u i|yd rch úiska m%;sm;a;suh
 wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s

1'5 ixLHd igyk

1
ueÈld,Sk id¾j wd¾Ól rduqj ^w&

mqfrdal:k
or®Ylh tallh 2015 ^wd& 2016 ^we&
2017 2018 2019 2020
uQr;
® wxYh ^wE&
uQr;
® o'foa'ks' jr®Okh ishhg 4.8^we& 4.4 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.0
mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj o'foa'ks' remsh,a ì,shk 10,952^we& 11,839 12,927 14,260 15,801 17,583
tal mqo.
a , o'foa'ks' t'c' fvd,r® 3,843^we&^b& 3,835 3,938 4,157 4,485 4,902
uqΩ wdfhdack o'foa'ks'fha ] jYfhka 28.4^we& 31.5 32.0 32.5 33.0 33.5
foaYh
S b;s˙ls¯ï o'foa'ks'fha ] jYfhka 20.9^we& 23.8 24.8 26.0 27.4 28.8
cd;sl b;s˙ls¯ï o'foa'ks'fha ] jYfhka 26.0^we& 28.9 29.9 30.6 31.3 32.2

úfoaYh
S wxYh
fj<| mr;rh ^wE& o'foa'ks'fha ] jYfhka -10.4 -11.2 -11.0 -10.6 -10.0 -9.3
wmkhk t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 10,546 10,310 11,425 12,796 14,465 16,414
wdkhk t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 18,935 19,400 20,699 22,354 24,233 26,415
cx.u .sKf q ï fYaIh ^wE& o'foa'ks'fha ] jYfhka -2.3 -2.4 -2.1 -1.9 -1.7 -1.3
úfoaYhS ks, ixÑ; wdkhksl udi jYfhka 4.6 3.7 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.3

rdcH uQ,H wxYh ^B&

iuia; wd∞hï iy m%∞k o'foa'ks'fha ] jYfhka 13.3 14.3 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5
úhou yd Y=oOa Kh °ï o'foa'ks'fha ] jYfhka 20.9 19.7 19.6 19.8 19.8 20.1
jr®;k .sKfq ï fYaIh o'foa'ks'fha ] jYfhka -2.3 -0.6 0.5 0.5 1.3 1.6
iuia; whjeh ys`.h o'foa'ks'fha ] jYfhka -7.6 -5.4 -4.6 -4.3 -3.8 -3.5
uOHu rcfha Kh o'foa'ks'fha ] jYfhka 77.6 79.3 77.5 75.1 72.7 70.0

uqo,a wxYh iy WoaOukh

mqΩ,a uqo,a jr®Okh (M2b) ^W& ishhg 17.8 18.4 12.3 12.3 13.5 13.8
fm!oa.,sl wxYhg ,nd ≥ka Kh jr®Okh (M2b ys) ^W& ishhg 25.1 21.9 15.0 14.7 15.0 15.1
jdr®Il
s idudkH WoaOukh ^W!& ishhg 2.2 4.0 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
^w& 2017 udr®;= ueo jkúg mej;s f;dr;=re u; mokï ù we;' uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& ixfYdaê; uqo,a wud;HdxYh
^we& ;djld,sl cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd wdr®:ßl lghq;= wud;HdxYh
^wE& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o o'foa'ks' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
^b& kj;u ck.yk ixLHd o;a; wkqj weia;fïka;= hdj;ald,Sk lr we;'
^B& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2017 udr®;= 15 †k ksl=;a lrk ,o 2015 ixfYdaê;
o'foa'ks weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
^W& jir wjidkfha ,CIHuh jr®Okh
^W!& fld'md'ñ' or®Ylh ^2013 } 100& u; mokï fõ'

l%shdudr®. rdYshla y∫kajd°u u.ska rcfha lemùu b,lal.; ls¯u jeks m%;sm;a;s o rcfha ue†ld,Sk
fmkakqï lr we;' ta wkqj" whjeh ysÛh 2020 Wmdhudr®.h ;=< wka;r®.; fõ' wud;HdxY
jir jk úg o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i i|yd rdcH wdh;k b†˙fha ° is≥ls¯ug tlÛ
3'5 olajd wvqlr .ekSug wfmalaIs;h' wd∞hï ù we;s úhoï yd iïnkaO ne£ï md,kh ls¯fï
/ialrk wdh;k iajhxl%ShlrKh ls¯u" wjodkï hdka;%Khla (Commitment Control Mechanism)
mdol lr.;a ú.Kkh" ldr®hlaIu;dj by< y∫kajd °u" ldr®;=uh úhoï iy wd∞hï m%;sM,
kxjk ñkqï y∫kajd °u" n≥ kS;s ir, ls¯u iy mdr®,sfïka;=jg b†˙m;a ls¯u hk m%;sm;a;s rdcH
n≥ moku mqΩ,a ls¯u jeks m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®. úhoï l<ukdlrKh ;j≥rg;a Yla;su;a lrkq
u.ska 2020 jir jk úg o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla we;' wd∞hï mdol lr.;a rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d
f,i rdcH wd∞hu ishhg 16 la muK olajd by< l%shdj,sh" rdcH uQ,H wjldYh m%idrKh ls¯ug
kexùug wfmalaIs;h' ;jo" M,∞hS fkdjk rdcH fya;= jk w;r" tu.ska ue†ld,Skj jr®Ok wjYH;d
úhoï ;dr®lSlrKh ls¯u" jd◊c jYfhka Yla;su;a i|yd jk rdcH úhoï by< kexùug bv ie,fia'
f,i jHdmdr lghq;= lrf.k hEu i|yd rch i;= fuu.ska rdcH wdfhdack m%udKj;a uÜgul
jd◊c jHjidhka m%;sixialrKh ls¯u" rdcH uQ,H mj;ajd .ksñka há;, myiqlï i|yd jk rdcH
l<ukdlrKfhys úksúoNdjh yd j.ùu by< úhou by< kexùug;a wOHdmkh" fi!LH" iudc
kexùu" iykdOdr jevigyka iq≥iq ms˙ia fj; wdrlaIK jevigyka jeks iud„h úhoï by<

23
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
úfYaI igyk 1
1
Y%S ,xldfõ uqo,a m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIKh i|yd wdlD;s u; mokï jQ m%fõYhla
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j jr®;udkfha° ish uqo,a m%;sm;a;s
rduqj jeä†hqKq lrñkaa" kuHYS,S WoaOuk b,lallrK
(Flexible Inflation Targeting) rduqjlg keUqre
fjñka isà'1 mqΩ,a jYfhka .;a l," kuHYS,S WoaOuk
b,lallrKh hkqqfjka woyia jkqfha" wdr®:ßl
ia:dhS;dj ksis m˙† mj;ajd f.k hñka" b,lal lrkq
,enQ w.hla wdikakfha WoaOukh ia:dhSj mj;ajd
.ekSug yels jk m˙† m%;sm;a;suh fmd,S wkqmd;sl
fufyhùuhs (Palmqvist, 2007)' tneúka" kuHYS,S
WoaOuk b,lallrK rduqj hgf;a fláld,Skj
ksuejqu iy WoaOukh w;r mj;sk ;=,kh (Trade
off) l<ukdlrKh iy ikaksfõokh ls¯u i|yd
wjYH lrkq ,nk flakaøSh úp,H jkafka WoaOuk
mqfrdal:khhs'
kuHYS,S WoaOuk b,lallrKhla wkq.ukh ls¯fï°
w;HjYH idOlhla jkafka uy nexl=j jvd;a
úksúoNdjhlska iy b†˙ ±laulska hq;=j lghq;=
ls¯uhs' fuu wruqK idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd
ue†ld,Sk mqfrdal:k iy m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIK is≥
ls¯fï° jHQyd;aul wdlD;s (Structural Models) Ndú;h
w;HjYH fõ' fuu wdlD;s u.ska uQr®; ksIamdokh
Wm˙u Od˙;d uÜgfuys ia:dhSj mj;ajd .ksñka"
ue†ld,Sk jYfhka wfmalaIs; uÜgfï WoaOukh
mj;ajd .ekSug wjYH lrkq ,nk uqo,a m%;sm;a;s
l%shdudr®. ;SrKh ls¯fï yelshdj uy nexl=jg
we;s lrkq ,nhs' fuu wdlD;sj, m%;sM, u.ska thg
mdol jQ Wml,amk" wj∞kï iy m%;sm;a;suh .egÆ
ms<sn| jHQyd;aul l;sldj;la i|yd u. mdokq ,nk
w;r" m%;sm;a;suh ;SrKj, by< úksúoNdjh iy
ikaksfõokh i|yd wjldY i,ikq ,nhs (Alichi and
Benes, 2015)'
WoaOuk b,lallrKh ms<sn| iuia; ksÍlaIKh
WoaOuk b,lallrKfhys iqúfYaIS jdishla jkqfha"
th uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul ls¯fï° §¯;s (Rules)¶ iy
§wNsu;h (Discretion)¶ hk fowxYfhysu uQ,sldx.j,ska
iukaú; m%;sm;a;s rduqjla ùuhs' ta wkqj" WoaOuk
b,lalh u.ska wdr®:ßl mdr®Yajlrejkag wkd.;
WoaOukh ms<sn| wfmalaId ksis u.g fhduq lr
.ekSu i|yd fhd∞ .; yels ¯;suh rduqjla imhk
w;r" uy nexl=jg lïmkj,g m%;spdr ±laùu
i|yd ish wNsu;h fhd∞ .ekSug yelshdj ,efí
(Hammond, 2012).
1 jeä úia;r i|yd 2007 jifr® Y%S ,xld uy nexl= jdr®Isl jdr®;dfõ úfYaI
igyk 1 iy 2015 jifr® Y%S ,xld uy nexl= jdr®Isl jdr®;dfõ úfYaI
igyk 10 n,kak'
24
WoaOuk b,lallrK rduqfõ w;HjYH ,laIK
lsysmhls' tkï·
⁄' WoaOukh i|yd ixLHd;aul b,lalhla m%ldYhg
m;a ls¯u
⁄⁄' b†˙ oelaulska hq;= uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ;SrK .ekSug
bjy,a jk ue†ld,Sk WoaOuk mqfrdal:k we;=<;a
mq`M,a f;dr;=re iuq∞hla mokï lr.;a uqo,a
m%;sm;a;sh
⁄⁄⁄' by< uÜgfï úksúoNdjh iy j.ùfï hdka;%K
iys; ùu'
idr®:l WoaOuk b,lallrK rduqjla iaa:dmkh ls¯u
i|yd w;HjYH mQr®j wjYH;d lsysmhla y∫kdf.k
we;' ñ, ia:dhS;dj <`.d lr .ekSu i|yd uy nexl=fõ
fufyhqï iajdëk;ajh iy ta i|yd b;d meye†,s
n,;, mej;Su" rdcH uQ,H wdêm;Hfhka f;dr jQ
uy nexl=fõ iajdëk;ajh" uekúka y∫kd .kq ,enQ
uqo,a m%;sm;a;s iïfm%aIK udr®." uqo,a iy rdcH uQ,H
m%;sm;a;s w;r ukd iïnkaëlrKh" kuHYS,S úksuh
wkqmd;sl l%uhla mej;Su" idr®j wdr®:ßl úYaf,aIKh
iy mqfrdal:kh i|yd ukd l%ufõohla mej;Su iy
†hqKq uQ,H moaO;shla mej;Su fukau" uy nexl=fõ
j.ùu iy úYajikSh;ajh f.dvk`.d .ekSu Wfoid
fya;= jk úksúoNdjfhka hqla; m%;sm;a;s mej;Su
hkd†h óg wh;a fõ (Schaechter et al., 2000).
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j o oekgu;a WoaOuk b,lallrK
rduqjl mQr®j wjYH;d /ila imqrd we;' fufyhqï
WmlrK f;dard .ekSfï° Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j i;=
iajdëk;ajh iy ñ, ia:dhS;dj <`.d lr .ekSu
i|yd uy nexl=jg mej¯ we;s j.lSu u; mokïj"
uqo,a m%;sm;a;s rduqj WoaOuk b,lallrKhla i|yd
m˙jr®;kh ls¯u i|yd uE;l° ;j≥rg;a l%shdudr®.
lsysmhla f.k we;' ta wkqj" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska
uyckhd fj; m%isoaO lrk ,o m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkhla
;=<ska ish m%;sm;a;s meye†,s f,i ±laùug;a" uy nexl=j
;=< idr®j wdr®:ßl mqfrdal:k l%ufõo jeä†hqKq
ls¯ug;a" wkd.; WoaOukfhys wfmalaIs; uÜgu
m%ldYhg m;a ls¯ug fukau" WoaOuk wfmalaId
ms<sn|j iólaIKhla is≥ ls¯u weröug;a lghq;=
lr we; ^Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j" 2017&' tfukau" fuu
ld,h ;=< Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j m%Odk idr®j wdr®:ßl
úp,H i|yd o;a; tla /ia ls¯u yd l<ukdlrKh
fukau" wdlD;slrKh yd mqfrdal:k i|yd mej;sh
hq;= ;dlaI◊l oekqu jeä†hqKq ls¯ug;a lghq;= fldg
we;'
 wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s
1989 ° kjiS,ka; ixÑ; nexl=j WoaOuk b,lallrK
rduqjlg wj;Sr®K ùfuka miq" WoaOuk b,lallrKh
i|yd jQ úYsIag m˙phka l%ufhka úldYkh ù we;s
w;r" fï jk úg tu l%ufõoh wkq.ukh lrk
uy nexl= úiska ±ä (Strict) WoaOuk b,lallrKhg
jvd kuHYS,S (Flexible) WoaOuk b,lallrKhla
is≥ lrkq ,nhs (Palmqvist, 2007; Svensson, 2009).
WoaOukh" tys b,lal.; w.fhka wm.ukh ùu
fukau ksIamdokh tys Wm˙u Od˙;d uÜgfuka
wm.ukh ùu u.ska ukskq ,nk iudc iqNidOk
wjdish (Welfare Loss) wju ls¯u i|yd uy nexl=j
lghq;= lrk wdldrh ksr®jpkh ls¯u i|yd §kuHYS,S
WoaOuk b,lallrKh¶ hk fh≥u" 1999 ° iafjkaika
úiska y∫kajd fok ,°' flfia fj;;a" m%dfhda.sl
jYfhka .;a l," kuHYS,S WoaOuk b,lallrKh
yd ne∫Kq kuHYS,SNdjh" uQr®; wdr®:ßlfhys jr®Okhka
ie,ls,a,g .ksñka muKla fkdj" WoaOukfhys
b,lal.; iSudj fukau uy nexl=j úiska WoaOukh"
tys wm.ukhkaf.ka kej; b,lal.; w.h olajd
/f.k tau i|yd fl;rï blaukska W;aidy orhs o
hkak u; wr®:l:kh l< yelsh (Palmqvist, 2007).
kuHYS,S WoaOuk rduqjla i|yd wdlD;s u; mokï jQ
mqfrdal:k iy m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIK isÿlsÍfï wjYH;dj
úYajikSh ue†ld,Sk mqfrdal:k iy uqo,a iïfm%aIK
hdka;%Kh ms<sn| jk ±kqu u; kuHYS,S WoaOuk
b,lallrKhla idr®:lj l%shd;aul ùu rπ mj;S'
jeä†hqKq lrk ,o idr®j wdr®:ßl wdlD;s" wdr®:ßlh
mss<sn| .eUqre wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSu i|yd Wmld¯
jk w;r" we;s úh yels wj∞kï iy ta u.ska uQ,sl
idr®j úp,Hj, b†˙ yeis¯u u; we;s lrk n,mEu
we.hSug o Wmld¯ fõ' tneúkaa" m%;sm;a;s iïmdok
l%shdj,sfha iúu;a nj jeä†hqKq ls¯ug fuu
wdlD;sj,g yelsh' ;jo" idr®j wdr®:ßl úp,H w;r
mj;sk iïnkaO;d iy wdr®:ßl mdr®Yajlrejkaf.a
wfmalaIdj,ska iukaú; ixlSr®K iïfm%aIK
hdka;%Khla ;=<ska WoaOukh iy ksuejqu flfrys
uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh n,mEula we;s lrkq ,nhs' tneúka"
Y%S ,xld wdr®:ßlfhys iqúfYaIS ,laIK ie,ls,a,g
.ksñka úYajikSh mqfrdal:k iy m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIK
is≥ l< yels fuj,ï w;alr .ekSu w;HjYH ù we;'
kuHYS,S WoaOuk b,lallrKh l%shd;aul lrkq
,nk uy nexl= úiska wdr®:ßlfha ue†ld,Sk .uka u.
;SrKh ls¯u i|yd wdlD;s iuq∞hla mj;ajd .ekSu
idudkHfhka olakg ,efí (Black et al., 1994; Black
et al., 1997; Coats et al., 2003). ñka fmr o Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j úiska idr®j wdr®:ßlñ;sl mqfrdal:kj,
kshe`MK o" m%;sm;a;s iïmdokh ls¯u yd wdlD;s
ilia ls¯u i|yd uy nexl=jg we;s yelshdj ;j≥rg;a
Yla;su;a ls¯fï woyi fmr±˙j" cd;Hkaa;r uQ,H
1
wruqof,ys ;dlaIKsl iyfhda.h iy úfYaIs; mqyqKqj
iys;j" jHQyd;aul wdlD;s iïmdokh ls¯fï lghq;=
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska wrUd we;' ta wkqj"
Y%S ,xld uy nexl==j iy cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo,
úiska jHQyd;aul wdlD;s u; mokï jQ mqfrdal:k iy
m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIK moaO;shla (Forecasting and Policy
Analysis System - FPAS) ue†ld,Skj f.dvke`.Su
;=<ska uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sh Yla;su;a
ls¯u i|yd iy kuHYS,S WoaOuk b,lallrK
l%ufõohla lrd Y%S ,xldfõ uqo,a m%;sm;a;s rduqj
ixl%uKh ùu ms◊i taldnoaO m%h;akhla orñka isà'
mqfrdal:k iy m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIK moaO;sh úêu;a
f,i l%shd;aul ls¯fuys,d uQ,sl mshjrla f,i" Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j ;=<
wdlD;SlrK yd mqfrdal:k wxYhla fï jk úg
ia:ßr jYfhka ia:dmkh fldg we;' fláld,Sk iy
ue†ld,Sk mqfrdal:k fuj,ï iy ;dlaI◊l l%u
Ndú;d ls¯u u.ska WoaOukh mqfrdal:kh ls¯u we;=`M
ishÆu idr®j wdr®:ßl mqfrdal:k jeä†hqKq ls¯ug yels
jk m˙† Bg w∞< ldr®h uKav,fha ;dlaI◊l yelshd
jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd jQ uQ,sl lghq;= is≥ flfrñka
mj;shs' ta wkqj" wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ fjk;a fomdr®;fïka;=j, o
iydh we;sj" mqfrdal:k iy m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIK
moaO;sfhys o;a; wjYH;d i|yd m%fhdackj;a" tfukau
mr®fhaIK i|yd fhduq úh yels lafIa;% y∫kd .ekSug
iydh jk mq`M,a úYaf,aIKd;aul o;a; ixÑ;hla
(Analytical Database) l<ukdlrKh lrkq ,nhs'
mqfrdal:k iy m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIK moaO;sh ms<sn| flá
ye¢kaùula
mqfrdal:k iy m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIK moaO;sh" o;a; iy
úksYaphka ixhqla; iy ;r®ldkql+, f,i fhdod .;
yels ue†ld,Sk mQr®j m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIK l%ufõohls'
o;a; /ia ls¯u" úYaf,aIKh yd ieliSu fukau
wdr®:ßlfha †.=ld,Sk ia:dhS;dj mj;ajd .ekSug
m%uqL;ajh ,nd fokq ,nk b†˙ ±laula iys; m%;sm;a;s
ie,iqï ls¯u i|yd jk Wml,amk fuu moaO;sh ;=<
wvx.= fõ' tfukau" ;SrK .ekSu i|yd iydh jkq
,nk by< .=K;ajhlska hq;= idr®j wdr®:ßl úYaf,aIK
iy mqfrdal:k l%shdjg kexùfï yelshdj ldr®h
uKav,h fj; ,nd fokq ,nk fuj,ï iy l%shdj,s
lsysmhla fuu moaO;sh úiska iïnkaO lrkq ,nhs'
kuHYS,S m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIK moaO;sfha uQ,sl moku
25
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
jk jHQyd;aul wdlD;sh u.ska" mqfrdal:k" mqfrdal:k
1
u; we;s wj∞kï yd úúO lïmkj,g ksis f,i
m%;spdr ±laùu hkd†hg w∞<j by< uÜgfï
m%;sm;a;suh idlÉPd i|yd myiqlï ie,fik w;r"
úúO wjia:djkag WÑ; m%;sm;a;s ie,iqï ilia
ls¯ug wjia:dj ,nd fohs' jHQyd;aul mqfrdal:k iy
m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIK moaO;shla u.ska ;j;a m%;s,dN
lsysmhla w;am;a lr .; yelsh' tajd kï"
* talu;sl ;SrK lrd <Ûdùfï l%shdj,sh wLKavj
jeä†hqKq ls¯u Wfoid jeo.;a jk iy Bg u.
újr lrkq ,nk mqfrdal:k yd m%;sm;a;suh jdo
újdoj, kshe<S isák ishÆ ldr®h uKav, w;r
ikaksfõokh jeä†hqKq ùu'
* m%Odk m%;sm;a;suh .egÆ jvd;a fyd¢ka y∫kd
.ekSug iy ikaksfõokhg u. mdoñka we;s úh
yels wj∞kï ms<sn| jvd;a jHQyd;aul idlÉPdjla
we;s ls¯u'
* fuf;la Wmfhda.S lr .kq ,enQ mqfrdal:k
ldr®hlaIuj we.hSu u.ska mr®fhaIK is≥ l< hq;=
lafIa;% y∫kd .ekSug o;a; .nvdjla f.dvke`.Su'
* idr®j wdr®:ßl mqfrdal:kh iy mr®fhaIK ldr®h
uKav,hla iys; úfYaI{ ixÑ;hla f.dvke`.Su'
* uqo,a iïfm%aIK hdka;%Kh iy mekke`.sh yels
lïmk fyda ndOdj, n,mEu ms<sn| wdh;ksl
±kqu f.dvke`.Su'
* uqo,a m%;sm;a;sfhys moaO;suh ,laIK iy mqfrdal:k
ieliSu ms<sn| úksúoNdjh by< kexùu i|yd
we;s yelshdj (Laxton et al., 2009)'
lekvdj" n%iS,h" ´iafÜ%,shdj" isx.mamQrej"
;dhs,ka;h iy bka†hdj jeks rgj, uy nexl=
lsysmhla úiska mqfrdal:k iy úYaf,aIK moaO;s
idr®:lj ia:dmkh fldg we;s w;r" jr®;udkfha
wfkl=;a uy nexl= .Kkdjla o tjeks moaO;s
f.dvke`.Su is≥ lrñka isà'2 mqfrdal:k iy m%;sm;a;s
úYaf,aaIK moaO;sh ;=< jeo.;a wx.hla jkafka
ldr®;=uh mqfrdal:k wdlD;shhs (Quarterly Projection
Model). fuh wdr®:ßlh ;=< b†˙ ±laula iys;j
m%;sm;a;s ieliSu i|yd bjy,a lr.; yels újD;
wdr®:ßl m˙irhla ;=< úYaf,aIKh flfrk mr;r
wdlD;shla (Open Economy Gap Model) jk w;r"
kuHYS,S WoaOuk b,lallrK rduqjla hgf;a w∞<
b,lal <Ûd lr .ekSu i|yd wjYH lrk ue†ld,Sk
m%;sm;a;s ieleiSu i|yd Wmld¯ fõ (bka°h ixÑ;
nexl=j" 2016)' fláld,Sk jYfhka iuia; b,aÆu
iy ksuejqï fjkiaùu flfrys uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh
2 http://www.douglaslaxton.org/fpas.html
26
n,mdk njg we;s fmd≥ ms<s.ekSu o we;=<;a kj
flakaishdkq újD; wdr®:ßl uQ,Or®u u; th f.dvke`.S
we;' †.=ld,Skj m%;sm;a;s u.ska kdñl úp,H
^W∞( WoaOukh& u; muKla n,mEï we;s lrk
w;r" uqo,a m%;sm;a;sfhys md,kfhka neyer idOl
^W∞( M,∞hS;d jr®Okh" wd∞hï m%;sjHdma;sh flfrys
n,mdk rdcH m%;sm;a;s& uQr®; úp,H ^W∞( uQr®;
o'foa'ksIamd†; jr®Okh& flfrys n,mdhs' tfiau" fuu
wdlD;s laIqø-mokula (Micro-foundations) yd ;dr®lsl
wfmalaId (Rational Expectations) u; f.dvke`.S we;'
ta wkqj" mqfrdal:k yd m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIK moaO;sh
hgf;a" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska mqfrdal:k iy uqo,a
m%;sm;a;sh úYaf,aIKh i|yd uQ,sl uÜgfï mj;sk
wr®O jHQyd;aul ldr®;=uh mqfrdal:k wdlD;shla
f.dv kxjd we;'3 fuu mokï wdlD;sfhys wdr®:ßl
l%shdld˙;ajh ms<sn| jQ iólrK y;rla we;=<;a jk
w;r" tajd iuia; b,aÆu ^wdfhdack-b;=reï jl%h&"
iuia; iemhqu ^ms,smaia jl%h&" fmd,S wkqmd;sl iy
úksuh wkqmd;sl w;r in|;dj ±lafjk ;=,H;d
kHdh (Uncovered Interest Rates Parity) iy uqo,a
m%;sm;a;s m%;sl%shd Y%s;h ^úksuh wkqmd;sl kshuhla
yd iuÛ iïnkaO jQ fÜ,r® ¯;sh (Taylor Rule) u;
mokï jQ fmd,S wkqmd;sl kshuhla& fõ'
tfiau" ldr®;=uh mqfrdal:k wdlD;sh u.ska Y%S ,xld
wdr®:ßlh uqyqK †h yels nyqúO lïmk o i,ld
n,kq ,efí' fïjd iuia; b,aÆu" iemhqu" úksuh
wkqmd;sl" uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh yd wj∞kï wdka;sl úiska
we;s lrk lïmk wd° f,i mq`M,aj jr®.SlrKh l<
yelsh'
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j ±kg o< foaYSh ksIamd†;h
iy WoaOukh i|yd kq≥re ld,Sk mqfrdal:k
(Near Term Forecasting) is≥ ls¯fï° wdr®:ßlñ;sl
wdlD;s lsysmhla Ndú; lrkq ,nhs' WoaOukh yd
o< foaYSh ksIamd†;h u; fláld,fha° we;s úh
yels úfYaIs; lïmk ksis f,i .%yKh lr .ksñka
ldr®;=uh mqfrdal:k wdlD;shg wjYH iydh fuu
kq≥re ld,Sk mqfrdal:k jeä†hqKq ls¯u ;=<ska ,efnkq
we;'
óg wu;rj" mqfrdal:kj,g mokï jk Wml,amk
yd úksYaphka" mqfrdal:k <`.d lr .ekSu ms<sn|j
we;s wj∞kï iy mq`M,a úYaf,aIKhla iu`.ska tlS
mqfrdal:ß; ue†ld,Sk .uka u. ikaksfõokh ls¯ug
3 Amarasekara, C., Anand, R., Ehelepola, K., Ekanayake, H., Jayawickrema,
V., Jegajeevan, S., Nugawela, T., Ratnavadivel, P., Remo, A., Plotnikov,
S., Yatigamanna, R. An Open Economy Quarterly Projection Model for
Sri Lanka. Forthcoming 2017.

fhdað; uqo,a m%;sm;a;s iïmdok ls%hdj,sh
mQr®j - uqo,a m%;sm;a;s lñgq WmfoaYk l%shdj,sh
 j;auka ;;a;j a h iy wkd.; u. ms<n s `o ldr®h
f.da,Sh
uKav, uÜgfï we.hqï(
m%jK;d
x WoaOukh
x ksuejqï mr;rh
 idr®j wdr®:l
ß mqfrdal:k i`oyd uQ,l
ms<sn`o ldr®h uKav, uÜgfï we.hSu
foaYSh
jr®Okhka
ldr®;=uh
mqfrdal:k
wdlD;sh
kq≥re ld,Sk
mqfrdal:k
ldr®h uKav,
ksYaph ls¯ï
iydh jk neúka" mqfrdal:k yd úYaf,aIK moaO;sh
t<s±laùu u.ska Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j yd uyck;dj
w;r ikaksfõokh jeä†hqKq ls¯ug Wmldr jkq we;'
bÈß ±lau
mqfrdal:k yd úYaf,aIK moaO;shlg mQr®K jYfhka
wkq.; ùu i|yd uqo,a m%;sm;a;s iïmdok l%shdj,sfha
m%Odk fjkiaùï o wjYH fõ ^rEm igyk ú'i' 1'1&'
ta wkqj" 2017 jifr® isg uqo,a m%;sm;a;s lñgqfõ
(Monetary Policy Committee, MPC) /iaùï ixLHdj
óg fmr mej;s /iaùï 12 isg 8 olajd wvq lr we;'
fuu ixfYdaê; l%shdj,sh u.ska wdr®:ßl jr®Okhka
ms<sn| ukd úYaf,aIKhla is≥ ls¯ug ldr®h uKav,h
i|yd m%udKj;a ld,hla ,ndfok w;r" tuÛska uqo,a
m%;sm;a;s iïmdok l%shdj,shg wjYH mqΩ,a" mQr®j.dó
újrK iemhSug myiq flfr®'
uy nexl=j úiska uQ,sl idr®j wdr®:ßl úp,H ms<sn|
ue†ld,Sk mqfrdal:k uyck;dj fj; b†˙fha° jvd
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WoaOuk b,lallrK rduqj y∫kajd °ug fukau
tys idr®:l;ajhg fya;= jk jeo.;a ldr®hNdrhla
mqfrdal:k yd úYaf,aIK moaO;sh úiska bgq lrkq
we;' WoaOuk b,lal lrkq ,nk uy nexl= úiska ish
uQ,sl ikaksfõok fuj,u f,i WoaOuk wfmalaId
l<ukdlrKh ls¯u i|yd WoaOuk jdr®;d (Inflation
Reports) ;=<ska WoaOuk b,lal yd mqfrdal:k
wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s
rEm igyk ú'i' 1'1
1
s wj∞kï
uq,sl" úl,am uqo,a m%;sm;a;s
uqo,a m%;sm;a;s
iy m%;sm;a;s yd ;SrK .ekSu iy
ls%hd;aul ls¯u
wkql+, †Ydj ksfõokh
m%;sm;a;suh idlÉPd
u; ixfYdaOk is≥
ls¯u
uqo,a m%;sm;a;s
lñgq /iaùu
m%ldYhg m;aa ls¯u fhd∞ .kq ,efí' w;S;fha° uqo,a
m%;sm;a;s ;SrK .eUq˙ka f;areï .ekSu uyck;djg
wmyiq ldr®hhla úh' flfia fj;;a" wkd.;fha°
WoaOuk jdr®;d m%ldYhg m;a ls¯u ;=<ska Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j iy uyckhd w;r mj;sk fuu f;dr;=re
mr;rh wju ls¯ug wfmalaId flfr®' ;jo" fujeks
jdr®;d u.ska ksfõokh lrk ,o b,lal ms<sn|
úksúoNdjh mj;ajd .ekSug muKla fkdj j.ùu
mj;ajd .ekSug o m%;sm;a;s iïmdolfhda fm<fU;s'
b,lal u.ye¯ hEfï°" m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhka úiska
ish ldr®hidOkh ms<sn| meye†,sj idOdr”lrKh
ls¯u w;HjYH jk w;r" tuÛska uyck;djg
m%;sm;a;suh wvq,qyq~qlï ms<sn| f;areï .ekSug o
wjia:dj ,efí' kuHYS,S úksuh wkqmd;sl l%uhla
;=<" uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh jvd;a iajdëkj fufyhùu
i|yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg we;s yelshdj Yla;su;a
ls¯u wruqKq lr.;a w;HjYH ffk;sl ixfYdaOk o"
fuu l%shd∞uh idr®:l lr .ekSu i|yd iydh jkq
we;ehs wfmalaIs;h'
wdr®:ßlfhys jr®Okhg ys;lr" wvq WoaOuk m˙irhla
we;s ls¯ug bjy,a jkakd jQ b†˙ ±laula iys;
m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIKh ls¯u Wfoid" kuHYS,S WoaOuk
b,lallrK rduqjla ;=<" m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhkag
lghq;= ls¯u i|yd meye†,s yd ;dr®lsl mokula
u; f.dvke`.=Kq mqfrdal:k yd m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIK
moaO;sh myiqlï i,ikq we;'
27
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

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Alichi, A. and J. Benes. 2015. "Frontiers of Monetary Policymaking:
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P. Mitra, G. V. Nadhanael, R. Portillo, H. Wang, and F. Zhang. 2016.
"Inflation-Forecast Targeting For India: An Outline of the Analytical
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Benes, J., K. Clinton, A. T. George, J. John, O. Kamenik, D. Laxton, P. Mitra,
G. V. Nadhanael, H. Wang, and F. Zhang. 2016. "Quarterly Projection
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Economies: What Do the Data Say?" Journal of Development
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Central Banking Studies Handbooks.
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in Low-Income and other Developing Countries."
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Svensson, L.E.O. 2009. "Flexible Inflation Targeting: Lessons from the
Financial Crisis."

kexùug;a wjYH rdcH uQ,H wjldYhla we;s w;r" th jir 5 lg fmr jdr®;d l< wmkhk
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iy wjodkula iys;j rcfha uQ,Hk wjYH;d imqrd ;;a;ajhlska hq;= ue† wd∞hï ,nk wdr®:ßlhla jk
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fhda.H rduqjla iemhSug o wfmalaIs;h' ta wkqj" m%d:ñl fjf<| NdKav miq.sh oYl fol mqrdu
jir 2020 jk úg uOHu rcfha Kh o'foa'ks'fhys wmkhkh ls¯u iy ixlSr®K yd ±kqu mokï
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jk w;r" ;dCIKh jeä jYfhka Wmfhda.S lr .kq
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,nk jvd ixlSr®K" by< tl;= l< jákdlula
†.= l,la mqrd mj;sk jHqyd;aul .egÆ i|yd
iys; NdKav ksIamdokh ls¯u" wmkhk uQ,sl
úi∫ï iemhSu u; wfmalaIs; ue†ld,Sk jr®Ok
fldg.;a wdr®:ßlhla fj; m˙jr®;kh ùfï °
udj; idlaId;a lr .ekSu ;SrKh jkq we;'
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yd uqo,a m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®. fukau" M,∞hS;dj
by< tl;= l< jákdlula iys; NdKav ksIamdokh
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ls¯u fï iïnkaOfhka i,ld ne,sh hq;= tla Wmdh
.;a m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul ls¯u wdr®:ßlfha mj;sk
udr®.hls' YS% ,xldjg ;r.ld¯j iemhsh yels
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y∫kd .ekSu" ksIamdok wxYh kÛd isgqùu" úfoaYSh
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Rcq wdfhdack wdlr®IKh lr .ekSu iy fj<|
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fkdi,ld ye˙h fkdyelsh' wmkhk wd∞hu fj<|fmd< u; mokï jQ úksuh wkqmd;slhla
wLKavj fojeks jirg;a 2016 jifr® ° wvq jQ mj;ajdf.k hEu" 1970 oYlfha fuka Y%S ,xldj

28
 wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s
wdjD; wdr®:ßlhla njg m;als¯u i|yd úYd,
jYfhka fya;= mdol jQ ;Sren≥ fkdjk fjk;a n≥
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hEu fukau jegqma ;r.ld¯ uÜgul mj;ajdf.k
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ls¯u i|yd wjYH jkq we; ^úfYaI igyka 07 (
zwmkhk m%jr®Okh Wfoid cd;sl Wmdhudr®.hZ
n,kak&'
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jr®Okhla fkdue;s ùu fya;=fjka idïm%∞hsl
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w;HjYH fõ' f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh" jHdmdr
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NdIdj ms<sn|j ukd m%ùK;djla iy by< mqyqKqjla
iys; furg Y%u n,ldh Ndú;d l< yelsh' iudk
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;dlaIKh" jHdmdr l<ukdlrKh" kS;sh iy
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1
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i|yd úfYaI wjOdkhla ±laúh hq;=h' úfoaYSh
ixpdrlhka i|yd by< .=Kd;aulNdjfhka hq;=
w;a±lSï fm<la ,nd°u ;=<ska Tjqka kej; Y%S
,xldfõ ixpdrh ls¯u i|yd fm<Uùula l< yels
w;r" thska Okd;aul m%pdrKhlg o bv ,efí'
óg wu;rj" fiajd .=Kd;aulNdjh by< kexùu
;=<ska úfoaYSh ixpdrlfhl= furg .; lrk †k
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iïnkaOj w;sfr®l wd∞hula ckkh ls¯ug fya;=
jk w;r" tu.ska Rcq yd jl% /lshd wjia:d ckkh
ùu o by< hkq we;'
wdfhdack i|yd myiqlï ie,iSug wLKavj
m%h;ak ±rej o ±kg ,eî we;s uQ,H ,eîï wkqj
ikd: jk m˙†" YS% ,xldj úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack
29
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
wdlr®IKh lr .ekSfï ° ≥r®j, l%shdld˙;ajhla
1
fmkakqï fldg we;' fuu m%jK;dj läkñka
fjkia l< hq;=j we;' i;=gq∞hl uÜgulg
úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack wdlr®IKh lr .ekSug
wfmdfydi;aùu fya;=fjka cx.u .sKqfï ysÛh
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hemSug is≥ ù we;s w;r" th Y%S ,xldfõ ±kgu;a
by< uÜgul mj;sk Kh.e;s Ndjh ;j≥rg;a
by< hEug fya;=jkq we;' úfYaIfhkau úhÜkduh"
ñhekaudrh iy nx.a,dfoaYh jeks keÛS tk
fj<`ofmd< wdr®:ßl idfmalaIj by< úfoaYSh Rcq
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úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack jeä m%udKhla wdlr®IKh
lr .ekSu b,lal lr .ksñka rch úiska ilia
lrñka mj;sk l%fudamdh läkñka ls%hd;aul l<
hq;=h' úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack i|yd iq≥iq m˙irhla
ksr®udKh ls¯fï ° YS% ,xldfõ ;r.ld˙;ajh by<
kexùu b,lal lr.;a ia:ßridr foaYSh m%;sm;a;s"
wdh;ksl iydh Yla;su;a ls¯u iy wdfhdackh
i|yd wdlr®I”h .ukdka;hla f,i YS% ,xldfõ
mj;sk YlH;d biau;= lrñka is≥ lrkq ,nk
b,lal.; m%jr®Ok jevigyka fya;= idOl fõ
^úfYaI igyka 02 ( zf.da,Sh fj<|fmd< ;=<
Y%S ,xldfõ ;r.ld˙;ajh jeä†hqKq ls¯uZ n,kak&'
YS% ,xldfõ ldr®ñl wmkhk by< kexùu
i|yd bjy,a jk" ksIamdok wxYfha ksuejqï
jeä†hqKq ls¯u b,lal lr.;a f.da,Sh w.h ∞u
iu. taldnoaO jQ" ukdj iïnkaëlrKh lrk ,o
ldr®ñl m%;sm;a;s rduqjla ls%hd;aul ls¯u
w;HjYH fõ' 1990 oYlfha ° wkq.ukh lrk
,o ldr®ñl m%;sm;a;s u.ska iuia; wmkhk
;=< ksIamdok wxYfha NdKavj, ∞hl;ajh
ie,lsh hq;= f,i jr®Okh lr .ekSug
YS% ,xldjg yels jqjo" tu wxYfhys ksIamdok
úúOdx.SlrKfha ° yd Y%uh mokï jQ ksIamdokj,
isg wê-;dlaI◊l ksIamdok wxYfha wmkhk
lrd .uka ls¯fï ° ;rula widr®:l ù we;' tys
m%;sM,hla f,i" uE;ld,Sk jYfhka YS% ,xldfõ
ksIamdok wxYfhys wmkhk m%Odk jYfhka
fr†ms<s yd weÛÆï u; mokï jk w;r"
wmkhk wxYh ;=< úfYaIfhkau" ksIamdok
wmkhk jr®Okh wi;=gq∞hl uÜgul mj;S'
YS% ,xldfõ ldr®ñl m%;sm;a;s" m%Odk jYfhkau
wmkhk fj<|fmd< i|yd wjidk NdKav iemhSu
m%jr®Okh ls¯u flfrys wLKavj wjOdkh fhduq
lr ;snqk o" f.da,Sh m%jK;d fï jk úg fjkia ù
we;' f.da,Sh m%jK;dj jkqfha foaY iSud yryd
is≥jk fj<πu yd ksIamdokh ;=< f.da,Sh ksIamdok
30
cd, m%uqLia:dkhla f.k ;sîuhs' tu.ska idfmalaI
ms˙jeh jdis u; mokïj ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha úúO
w†hr ;=< úfYaISlrKh ùug rgj,g bv m%ia:d
ie,iS we;' l,dmSh ;r.lrejka jk úfYaIfhkau
Ökh" ;dhsjdkh" ol=Kq fld˙hdj" ;dhs,ka;h"
u,hdishdj" úhÜkduh yd bka≥kSishdj jeks
kef.kysr yd w.aks†. wdishdkq rgj,a f.da,Sh
ksIamdok cd, yryd Tjqkaf.a ksIamdok wxYfhys
wmkhk ie,lsh hq;= f,i jr®Okh lrf.k
we;' idïm%∞hslj Y%u iQlaIu ksIamdok wxYfhys
wmkhk u; mokï jQ bka†hdj" o;a; ieliqï
hka;%" úoHq;a WmlrK yd wr®O-ikakdhl Wmdx.
i|yd wjYH ;dlaI◊l Wmdx. yd fldgia ksmojñka
f.da,Sh ksIamdok cd,hkag idr®:lj iïnkaO ù
we;' flfia fj;;a" fuu ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< Y%S
,xldfõ ksIamdok wmkhkj,ska iqΩ fldgila
muKla f.da,Sh ksIamdok cd,j,g iïnkaO ù
we;' tuksid" foaYSh ksIamdok wxYh l,dmSh yd
f.da,Sh ksIamdok cd, iuÛ taldnoaO ùu i|yd
myiqlï iemfhk m˙† YS% ,xldj ish ldr®ñl
m%;sm;a;sh ixfYdaOkh l< hq;= fõ' ta wkqj" f.da,Sh
ksIamdok cd, iuÛ jeä jYfhka taldnoaO ù
we;s rgj,a iuÛ fj<| .súiqïj,g t<eöu iy
rgj,a w;r fj<πu m%jr®Okh i|yd w;HjYH
jk ;Sren≥ fkdjk wfkl=;a n≥ iïndOl bj;a
ls¯u iy f.da,Sh ksIamdok cd, yd iïnkaO ùu
i|yd YS% ,xldfõ m%h;akhg wkqn, iemfhk m˙†
foaYSh ksIamdok ms˙jeh wvq ls¯u wjYH fõ' ;jo"
wmkhksl ksIamdok wxYh ;=< by< hk b,aÆu
imqrd .ekSu i|yd wjYH udkj iïm; m%udKj;a
f,i mqyqKq l< hq;=h' ldr®ñl m%;sm;a;s" há;,
myiqlï ixjr®Okh iuÛ ukd f,i taldnoaO
úh hq;=h' óg wu;rj" f.da,Sh jYfhka ksIamdok
yqjudre lr .ekSu i|yd foam< whs;sh ;yjqre
ls¯u iy .súiqï n,d;aul Yla;su;a ls¯u hkd†h
wjYH fõ ^úfYaI igyk 03 ( zksIamdok lr®udka;
wxYh ixjr®Okh ls¯fï Wmdhudr®.hla lrdZ
n,kak&'
YS% ,xldfõ iuia; Y%u n,ldfhka
wiudkqmd;sl f,i úYd, m%;sY;hla lDIslr®uh
wdYs%; ls%hdldrlïj, ksr; jk w;r" tu wxYh
M,∞hS;dj wvq ùu" úúOdx.SlrKh wvq uÜgul
mej;Su" bvï lÜá ls¯u" wldr®hlaIu c,
l<ukdlrKh" ≥r®j, .nvdlrK yd fj<|fmd<
hdka;%K fukau ld,.=◊l fjkialï wdYs%; .egÆ
wd†h fya;=fjka n,mEug ,laù we;' fmdfydr
iykdOdr ,nd°u" fkdñf,a c,h iemhSu" wju
f.dúfmd< ñ, .Kka yd by< wdkhk n≥ mekùu
 wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s
yryd lDIsldr®ñl wxYh iïnkaOj wdrlaIKjd°
m%;sm;a;shla wLKavj mj;ajdf.k hkq ,efí'
fuu m%;sm;a;sh u.ska jvd;a M,∞hS j.d i|yd jk
úúOdx.SlrKh j<lajkq ,nk w;r" wdr®:ßlfha
fjk;a M,∞hS wxY fj; f.dùka fhduq ùu
wffOr®hj;a lr we;' fmdfydr iykdOdr jeks
lDIsldr®ñl iykdOdr" rdcH uQ,Huh jYfhka
wldr®hlaIu jk w;r md˙i˙l jYfhka ;sridr
fkdjk yd wdr®:ßl jYfhka wldr®hlaIu fõ'
ta fjkqjg" lDIsldr®ñl wxYfhys M,∞hS;d
uÜgï by< kexùu i|yd wjYH WÑ; wdh;ksl
myiqlï yd há;, myiqlï ixjr®Okh ls¯u
iy úfYaIfhkau ù j.d wxYh i|yd ldr®hlaIu
wf,úlrK hdka;%Khla ixjr®Okh ls¯u
flfrys wjOdkh fhduq ls¯u wjYH fõ' flaj,a
ls¯fï Yla;sh jeä†hqKq ls¯u" f.dú ixúOdk
i;= yd Tjqka úiska fufyhjkq ,nk ieliqï
myiqlï ia:dms; ls¯ug iy Tjqkaf.a wjidk
ksuejqï ldr®hlaIuj wf,ú lr .ekSu i|yd
f.dú ixúOdk Yla;su;a ls¯u is≥ l< hq;= fõ'
lDIsldr®ñl wxYfha ldr®hlaIu;dj yd M,∞hS;dj
by< kexùu i|yd mr®fhaIK ±kqu f.dùkaf.a
±kqu njg m;a ls¯u uQ,sl wjYH;djla fõ'
;jo" f;a" rnr® yd fmd,a we;=Ωj ishÆ mr®fhaIK
wdh;kj, jHdma;s fiajd jeä†hqKq ls¯u l< hq;=h'
tjeks fiajd yryd lDIsldr®ñl w;=re ksIamdokj,
úl,am m%fhdack ms<sn| ±kqu fn∞y˙kq ,nk
w;r" m,sfndaO kdYlj,ska f;dr yd wvq fmdfydr
Ndú;hla iys; ldnksl j.d Ys,am l%u m%jr®Okh
l< hq;=h' f.dùkaf.a uÜgfï ° muKla fkdj
iuia; w.h ∞ufhysu M,∞hS;dj jeä†hqKq ls¯u
i|yd lDIsldr®ñl m%;sm;a;s fhd∞.; hq;= w;r"
tu.ska lDIsldr®ñl wxYfha tl;= l< w.h by<
kxjkq we;' fï i|yd" mr®fhaIK wdh;k" jHdma;s
fiajd yd f.dùka w;r jk taldnoaO jevms<sfj<la
;=<ska .nvd myiqlï jeä†hqKq ls¯u" lDIsldr®ñl
ksIamdok i|yd ieliqï hdka;%K jeä†hqKq ls¯u yd
miq-wiajkq wmf;a hEï wju ls¯u w;HjYH fõ'
;jo" idOdrK fmd,S wkqmd;sl hgf;a úêu;a uQ,H
wxYfhka Kh ,nd .ekSug f.dùkag we;s bvlv
by< kexùug mj;sk m%;sm;a;s ;j≥rg;a Yla;su;a
ls¯u is≥ l< hq;=h' w.h tl;= ls¯u" wÆ;a hdka;%K
yd Yla;su;a wf,úlrK Wmdhudr®." lDIsldr®ñl
wmkhk by< kexùu i|yd w;HjYH fõ'
;jo" lDIslr®uh yd wdydr iqrlaIs;;dj flfrys
n,mdk ld,.=◊l fjkiaùïj, wys;lr m%;súmdl
wvq ls¯u i|yd jQ †.=ld,Sk ±laulska hq;=j" ishÆ
wxY i|yd ;sridr md˙i˙l m%;sm;a;s iy m˙phka
i|yd m%uqL;dj †h hq;= fõ'
rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d ls%hdj,sh i|yd rcfha ±ä
1
lemùu uOHfha jqjo" rdcH uQ,H ldr®hidOkfha
jHQyd;aul ≥r®j,;d lsysmhla ±lsh yelsh'
rcfha mqkrdjr®;k úhou mshjd .ekSugj;a
m%udKj;a fkdjk rdcH wd∞hï /ials¯fï ≥r®j,
ldr®hidOkh m%Odk;u wNsfhda.h njg m;aj we;'
uE;ld,Sk jr®Okhka yereKq fldg" YS% ,xldfõ
rdcH wd∞hï /ials¯u my< uÜgul mej;Su
flfrys n≥ m˙md,kfhys we;s ≥r®j,;d" n≥ meyer
ye¯ï iy n≥ ksoyia ls¯ï wd†h fya;=fjka n≥
/ials¯fï mj;sk ≥r®j,;d úYd, jYfhka fya;= ù
we;' úhoï wxYh i,ld ne,Sfï°" mqkrdjr®;k
úhofuka ;=fkka follg;a jvd jeä m%udKhla
fmd,S f.ùï iy jegqma yd fõ;k úhoï i|yd jeh
lrkq ,nhs' ;j≥rg;a" mejreï yd iqNidOk úhoï
by< uÜgul mej;Su wLKavj rcfha whjeh u;
mSvkhla we;s lrkq ,nhs' fuu m%jK;d fya;=fjka
rcfha y†is m%uqL;d i|yd bv ie,iSug mj;sk
rdcH uQ,H wjldYh iSñ; jk w;r" tu.ska mj;sk
iudc wdr®:ßl jd;djrKh ;=< kj wNsfhda. we;s
flfr®' wfmalaIs; rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d ls%hdj,sh
;=< wjYH;d m%uqL;d.; ls¯u fyda lmd ye¯u
is≥ fkdl<fyd;a wdr®:ßlfha mek kÛsk wjYH;d
fya;=fjka whjeh u; ;j≥rg;a mSvkhla we;s úh
yelsh' rdcH uQ,H b,lal wfmalaIs; uÜgfuka
ú;eka ùu ;=<ska wd∞hu wvqùu" úhou blaujd hEu"
by< whjeh ysÛh" rcfha Kh yd Kh fiajdlrK
f.ùï by< hEu iy rdcH wdfhdack i|yd jk
úhou my< hEu jeks úIu plS%h m%;súmdl we;s
fjhs' tuksid" uE;ld,Sk m%;sm;a;s m%ldYj, i|yka
lr we;s m˙†" whjeh lghq;= ms<sn| m%;sixialrK
ksis l,g is≥ ls¯u" rchg fuu úIu pl%fhka
ñ°u i|yd bjy,a fõ' by< hñka mj;sk úfoaY
jd◊c Kh f;d.h u.ska o úplaIKYS,S iy b†˙
±laulska hq;a Kh l<ukdlrK ls%hdj,shla we;s
ls¯fï wjYH;dj wjOdrKh lrhs'
wvq uÜgul mj;sk n≥ wkql+,;dj iy n≥
moku mgqùu fya;=fjka o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla
f,i rcfha wd∞hu idfmalaIj wvqùfï ;;a;ajhla
;=<" n≥ ±, ;=<g wúêu;a wdr®:ßlh wka;r®.;
ls¯u iy Rcq n≥lrKh by< kexùu wruqKq
lr.;a m%;sm;a;s ls%hd;aul ls¯u ;=<ska †.=ld,Sk
jYfhka ie,lsh hq;= m%;s,dN ,eìh yelsfõ'
jr®;udkfha uqΩ n≥ wd∞hfuka ishhg 80 lg;a
jeä m%udKhla tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ iy
wdkhk n≥ jeks jl% n≥j,ska iukaú; fõ' jl%
n≥ fya;=fjka fj<|fmd< n,fõ. ;=<ska is≥ jk
31
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
úfYaI igyk 2
1
f.da,Sh fj<|fmd< ;=< Y%S ,xldfõ ;r.ldß;ajh jeäÈhqKq lsÍu
j¾;udk jd;djrKh ;=< Y%S ,xldfõ ndysr ;r.ldß;ajh
jvd ;r.ld¯ jQ f.da,Sh fj<|fmd<la ;=<" hï rgl
;r.ld˙;ajh m%Odk jYfhkau rπ mj;skqfha f.da,Sh
w.h ∞ufhys ia:dk.; ùug trgg we;s yelshdj
iy NdKav yd fiajd fj<πu" wdfhdack iy udkj
m%d.aOkh hk wxY ;=< jeä fldgila w;alr
.ekSu ms◊i idr®:lj ;r. ls¯ug we;s yelshdj
jeks by< jr®Ok m%jK;djla mj;ajd .ekSu
i|yd ;SrKd;aulj n,mdk idOl u;h' f,dalfha
rgj,a jvd wNsfhda.d;aul jQ;a" wiSre jQ;a f.da,Sh
fj<|fmd<la ;=< ;r. lrk jd;djrKhla ;=<"
rgl ndysr ;r.ld˙;ajh" †hqKq rgj, fukau ke.S
tk fj<|fmd< wdr®:ßlhkays o wr®:Ydia;%{hka yd
m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhka w;r idlÉPdjg n∫ka jQ m%Odk
ud;Dldjla njg m;aj we;' f,dal wdr®:ßl iuqΩj
úiska ksr®jpkh lrk wdldrhg rgl ;r.ld˙;ajh
hkq zzrgl M,∞hS;d uÜgu ;SrKh lrkq ,nk
wdh;k" m%;sm;a;s yd idOl iuQyhZZ hs' wdr®:ßl
jr®Okh ms<sn|j b†˙m;a lr we;s wdlD;s u.ska rgl
yd tys mqrjeishkaf.a †.=ld,Sk fi!Nd.H uÜgu
;SrKh lrkq ,nk jvd;au jeo.;a idOlh f,i
M,∞hs;dj y∫kdf.k we;'1
oYl ;=kla uqΩ,af,a Y%S ,xldfõ mej;s wNHka;r
.egqïld¯ jd;djrKh rfÜ ;r.ld˙;ajh flfrys
±ä n,mEula t,a, l< w;r" wNHka;r .egqï
wjika ù jir .Kkdjlska miqj o" lemS fmfkk
jr®Okhla fkdue;s úfoaYSh wxYfha l%shdld˙;ajh yd
wvq M,∞hS jr®Ok ;;a;ajh yuqfõ YS% ,xld wdr®:ßlhg
tys Wm˙u Od˙;djg <`.d ùug fkdyels ù we;'
miq.sh ld,fha ° wdr®:ßlfha we;s jQ by< jr®Okh"
;sridr yd iudkd;aul fkdjk wdldrhg is≥
flreKq rdcH wxYfha m˙fNdack iy wdfhdackj,
iuia; m%;sM,hla f,i fj<| NdKav fkdjk wxY
^m%Odk f,iu b†ls¯ï yd foam< fj<πï wxY&
Tiafia w;alr .kakd ,oaols' 1970 oYlfha w.
Nd.fha ° Y%S ,xldj wdishdkq l,dmh ;=< jvd;au
újD; wdr®:ßlhkaf.ka tllaj mej;sh o" miqj n,hg
m;a rchkaf.a wNHka;rdNsuqL ±ä fj<| m%;sm;a;s
ia:djrh fya;=fjka" wvq tl;= l< w.hla yd Y%u
iQlaIau ksIamdok iys; idïm%∞hsl ksIamdok meila
fj;ska neyer fkdùu ksid Y%S ,xldjg fjk;a wvq
úhoñka ksIamdokh lrk rgj,a iuÛ ±ä ;r.hlg
uqyqK mEug is≥ ù we;' wmkhk i|yd ;dlaIKh
1 f,dal wdr®:ßl iuqΩj iy ydjâ úYajúoHd,h' ^1996&' f.da,Sh ;r.ld˙;aj
jdr®;dj' ‚kSjd( f,dal wdr®:ßl iuqΩj
32
wvqfjka Ndú; ls¯fï iy wvq l=i,;djlska ksmoúh
yels NdKav wmkhkh ls¯fï m%;sM,hla f,i
Y%S ,xldfõ W.;a Y%u n,ldh W!k Wmfhdackhlg
,la ù we;' n≥ iyk iy ms˙jeh msysgdOdr we;=Ω
rch u.ska .kq ,enQ Wmdhudr®." úfoaYSh Rcq
wdfhdack iy wmkhk i|yd .ukdka;hla jYfhka
YS% ,xldjg wLKavj idr®:l ùu Wfoid M,∞hSj
∞hl ù fkdue;'
jr®;udkfha ° Y%S ,xldfõ wdfhdack jd;djrKh
≥r®j, ùug m%;sm;a;sj, wúksYaÑ;Ndjh" ≥r®j,
kshdukh iy ¥IKh jeks wdh;ksl jHqyfha mj;akd
≥r®j,;d iy há;, myiqlï jeä†hqKq fkdùu jeks
idOl .Kkdjla n,md we;'2 fuys m%;sM,hla f,i
iu uÜgfï my< ue† wd∞hï wdr®:ßlhkag idfmalaIj
Y%S ,xldj wdlr®IKh lr .kakd úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack
m%udKh o'foa'ks'fha m%;sY;hla f,i .;a úg wvq w.hl
mj;S' fuys wjika m%;sM, jQ" ia:dms; iud.ïj, jr®Ok
úNj;dj" kfjda;amdok yd M,∞hs;dj iSudiys; ùu
iy wÆ;ska lr®udka; wdrïN ls¯u wffOr®hj;a ùu
rfÜ cd;Hka;r ;r.ld˙;ajhg ndOd muqKqjhs' idr®j
wdr®:ßl wiu;=,s;;d" úfoaYSh wdfhdack is≥ ls¯fï °
uqyqK °ug is≥jk ffk;sl yd ldr®h mámdáuh
ndOl" ffk;sl yd kshduk rduqj, wkql+,;dj wvq
nj iy úfoaYSh wdfhdack wdlr®IKh" r|jd .ekSu yd
taldnoaO ls¯u i|yd ukdj iïnkaëlrKh lrk
,o hdka;%Khla fkdue;s ùu hkd† lreKq ;=<ska
Y%S ,xldjg fõ.fhka mqΩ,a jk cd;Hka;r fj<πfï
M, uqΩukskau w;alr .ekSug we;s yelshdjg †.ska
†.gu ndOd t,a, jk w;r" tys m%;sM,hla f,i
furgg ysñ fj<|fmd< moku wfkl=;a ;r.ld¯
rgj,g ysñjkq we;'
f,dal wdr®:ßl iuqΩfõ 2016$17 f.da,Sh ;r.ld˙;aj
or®Ylhg wkqj rgj,a 138 la w;=˙ka Y%S ,xldj 71 jeks
ia:dkhg fY%a◊.; lr we;s w;r" th 2015$16 f.da,Sh
;r.ld˙;aj or®Ylfha fY%A◊.; ls¯u wkqj ysñ lr
.;a ;;a;ajfha isg ia:dk ;=kl my; jeàula úh'
tfia jqj o" bka†hdj" u,hdishdj yd isx.mamQrej jeks
l,dmfha wfkl=;a wdr®:ßlhka miq.sh oYl lsysmfha°u
Tjqkaf.a f.da,Sh ;r.ld˙;ajh by< kxjd.ekSu
iïnkaOj lemSfmfkk †hqKqjla <`.d lr f.k we;s
w;r" 2016$17 f.da,Sh ;r.ld˙;aj or®Ylfha fY%A◊.;
ls¯u wkqj ms<sfj<ska 39 jeks" 25 jeks yd 2 jeks
2 f,dal nexl=j' ^2016&' Y%S ,xldfõ ;r.ld˙;ajh by< kexùu'
f,dal nexl=j" fjdIsxgka" ã'iS' https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/
handle/10986/24927

rEm igyk ú'i' 2'1
rgj,a lsysmhl ;r.ldß;ajh ixikaokh
f.da,Sh ;r.ldß;aj o¾Ylh 2016$17
iuia; or®Ylh
kfjda;amdok
jHdmdr ixlSr®K;dj
fj<|fmd<
úYd,;ajh
;dlaIKsl iQodku
uQ,H fj<|fmd<
ixjr®Okh
Y%u fj<|fmd<
ldr®hlaIu;dj
Y%S ,xldj bka†hdj
igyk ( my< w.hka u.ska wvq
;r.ld˙;ajh ±lafõ'
ia:dkj,g m;aj we;' mlsia:dkh" nx.a,dfoaYh"
fkamd,h yd N+;dkh jeks wfkl=;a l,dmSh wi,ajdiS
rgj,a ms<sfj<ska 122 jeks" 106 jeks" 98 jeks yd 97
jeks ia:dkj,g m;aj we;' rEm igyk ú'i' 2'1 u.ska
isx.mamQrej" u,hdishdj yd bka†hdj hkd† m%uqL
fmf<a rgj,aj,g idfmalaIj m%Odk ;r.ld˙;aj
ksr®Kdhl 12 la hgf;a Y%S ,xldfõ ldr®h idOkh
b†˙m;a lr we;'
Y%S ,xldj wfmalaId lrk wdr®:ßl úúOdx.SlrK uÜgug
<Ûd ùu i|yd úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack wdlr®IKh
lr .ekSfuys w;HjYHNdjh ie,l+ úg" Y%S ,xldjg
úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack wdlr®IKh lr .kakd m%Odk
rgla f,i keÛS isàug yelsjk wdldrfha Yla;su;a
m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul ls¯fï wjYH;djla mj;S' flfia
fj;;a" ishÆu úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack tl yd iudk
fkdjk w;r" tu.ska wdr®:ßlh u; we;s jk Rcq yd
jl% n,mEïj, ie,lsh hq;= fjkialï mj;S' tneúka"
rEm igyk ú'i' 2'2
Y%S ,xldfõ jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k hEug we;s ndOl
m%;sm;a;s wia:djrNdjh (12.9)
uQ,H m%fõYh (9.7)
wldr®hlaIu rdcH ks,Od˙jdoh (9.1)
n≥ wkqmd;sl (8.0)
n≥ kshduk (7.8)
há;, myiqlïj, m%udKj;a fkdjQ iemhqu (7.6)
WoaOukh (7.4)
cd;sl Y%u n,ldfha ≥r®j, jev ixialD;sh (6.5)
¥IKh (5.6)
kfjda;amdok i|yd m%udKj;a fkdjQ Od˙;dj (5.4)
rdcH wia:djrNdjh (5.2)
úfoaY uqo,a kshduk (4.7)
m%udKj;a wOHdmkhla fkd,o Y%u n,ldh (4.4)
±ä lïlre kshduk (3.7)
wmrdO iy fidrlï (1.7)
≥r®j, uyck fi!LH (0.1)
0 2
uQ,h ( úOdhl u; ms<sn| iólaIKh 2016" m;ajk rchkaf.a foaYmd,k m%;sm;a;sj,g iajdëkj"
f,dal wdr®:ßl iuqΩj
wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s
Y%S ,xldj fj; úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack wdlr®IKh lr
1
.ekSu i|yd ilia flfrk m%;sm;a;s iy l%shdudr®."
rgg wjYH l=uk wdldrfha úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack o
hkak ms<sn| meye†,s ±laula iys;j ilia l< hq;=h'
7
flfia jqj o" ia:djr mokula fkdue;s miqìul
wdh;k
6 wdfhdack wdlr®IKh lr .ekSu i|yd m%h;ak ±¯u
5
4 há;, myiqlï muKla m%udKj;a fkdfõ' há;, myiqlï hym;a
3
2 uÜgul mej;Su yd f.da,Sh fj<|fmd<g iïnkaO
1 idr®j wdr®:ßl
0 m˙irh ùug we;s yelshdjg wu;rj" wdfhdaclhka úiska
;u wdfhdack is≥ lrk rfgys idr®j wdr®:ßl iy
fi!LH iy
m%d:ñl wOHdmkh foaYmd,k ia:djr;ajh yd ne¢ ia:djr wdfhdack
Wiia wOHdmkh iy jd;djrKhla o wfmalaId lrkq ,efí' 2016$17
mqyqKqj
NdKav fj<|fmd< f.da,Sh ;r.ld˙;aj or®Yl jdr®;dj ;=<" jHdmdr
ldr®hlaIu;dj m%cdj úiska furfgys ;r.ld˙;ajh flfrys we;s
u,hdishdj isx.mamQrej ndOl f,i y∫kd.;a idOl" rEm igyk ú'i' 2'2
uQ,h ( f.da,Sh ;r.ld˙;aj or®Ylh" u.ska ksrEmKh flfrhs' tneúka" Y%S ,xldjg úfoaYSh
f,dal wdr®:ßl iuqΩj
Rcq wdfhdack wdlr®IKh lr .ekSu yd r|jd .ekSu
i|yd rg ;=< wdfhdack wjia:d mqΩ,a ls¯ug wjYH
m%;sm;a;sj, m%uqL;d wkqms<sfj< ;SrKh ls¯u ms◊i
úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhka úiska y∫kd f.k we;s fuu
idOl fhd∞.; yelsh'
Y%S ,xldfõ ;r.ldß;ajh jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd .; hq;=
mshjr
jr®;udkfha ° Y%S ,xldjg zmy< ue† wd∞hï ,nk
wdr®:ßlhlZ ;;a;ajfha isg zby< ue† wd∞hï ,nk
wdr®:ßlhlZ ;;a;ajh olajd ie,lsh hq;= ld, mudjlska
f;drj m%úIag ùu i|yd" furg ;r.ld˙;ajh
jr®Okh lr .ekSu wruqKq lr .;a m%;sm;a;suh
jevigyka l%shd;aul ls¯fï mqΩ,a wjYH;djla mj;S'
f.da,Sh ;r.ld˙;aj or®Ylj,g wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ
ldr®h idOkh úYaf,aIKh ls¯fï °" rfgys
ndysr ;r.ld˙;ajh jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd wjYH
m%;sixialrK l%shdj,sh ;=< my; ±lafjk lreKq
m%uqL m%;sm;a;s f,i y∫kdf.k we;'
1' ia:djr cd;sl ixjr®Ok m%;sm;a;shl wjYH;dj
ixjr®Okh fj; keUqre jQ ia:djr cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla
mej;Su fya;=fjka †hqKq iy keÛS tk wdr®:ßlhka
.Kkdjlgu úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack wdlr®IKh
lr .ekSu yd cd;Hka;r fj<πfuka ie,lsh hq;=
fldgila w;alr .ekSu yryd f.da,Sh fj<|fmd< ;=<
idr®:lj ;r. ls¯ug yelshdj ,eî we;' flfia jqj o"
Y%S ,xldj iïnkaOfhka ie,lSfï °" ishÆ fokd tlÛ jQ
cd;sl ixjr®Ok m%;sm;a;shla rgg fkdue;s jkafka
foaYmd,k mlaIj, kHdh m;%j,g wkqj l,ska l,g
cd;sl ixjr®Ok m%;sm;a;s fjkia jk neúks' tneúka"
4 6 8 10 12 14 f.da,Sh fj<|fmd< ;=< ;r. ls¯u i|yd" n,hg
w.h
ia:djrNdjfhka yd úksúoNdjfhka hq;= †.=ld,Sk
33
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
m%;sm;a;s ieliSug iy l%shd;aul ls¯ug lghq;=
1
ls¯u w;HjYH fõ' m%;s;a;suh wia:djrNdjh u.ska
fj<|fmd< wj∞kï ;;a;ajh by< kxjk w;r"
tu.ska wdfhdaclhkaf.a úYajdih mÆ≥ úh yelsh'
fuys m%;sM,hla f,i" úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack
,eîu my< hd yels w;r" fm!oa.,sl wxYh úiska
lrk foaYSh wdfhdack o wvq jkq we;' tneúka"
foaYSh wdr®:ßlh ms<sn| wdfhdaclhkaf.a úYajdih
f.dvke.Su i|yd w;S;fha mej;=Kq läka lv
l%shd;aul jk m%;sm;a;s iys; ixialD;sfhka bj;a ùu
jeo.;a jk w;r" ta fjkqjg meye†,s cd;sl ixjr®Ok
m%;sm;a;shla ±ä lemùulska l%shdjg kexúh hq;=j
we;'
2' há;, myiqlïj, .=Kd;aulNdjh jeä†hqKq ls¯u
uE; ld,fha ° Y%S ,xldj ish há;, myiqlï mokfuys
ie,lsh hq;= jr®Okhla w;alr f.k we;' flfia jqj o"
b†˙fha ° furg wdfhdackh ls¯ug wfmalaId lrkakka
úiska há;, myiqlï u.ska imhkq ,nk fiajdj,
.=Kd;aulNdjh ms<sn| jeä ie,ls,a,la olajk
neúka" yqfola há;, myiqlï moku jeä†hqKq ls¯u
muKla ;r.ld˙;ajh by< ±óug m%udKj;a fkdjkq
we;' W∞yrK jYfhka" Y%S ,xldj ie,lsh hq;= by<
ú≥,sn, iemhqï uÜgulg <`.d ù isáh o" ú≥,sn,
iemhqfuys .=Kd;aulNdjh iïnkaOfhka .egÆ
mj;sk w;r" ú≥,sh i|yd ;r.ld¯ f,i ñ, kshu
ls¯ula o is≥ ù fkdue;' 2014 jifr® ° fiajd iemhqï
ldr®h idOk or®Ylhg wkqj ^rEm igyk ú'i' 2'3
n,kak& l,dmfha iu uÜgfï rgj,a yd iei£fï °
rEm igyk ú'i' 2'3
fiajd iemhqï ld¾h idOk o¾Ylh ^2014&
fr®.= fiajd
5
4
3
ldf,daÑ; nj
2 cd;Hka;r uÜgfï jHdmdr njg m˙jr®;kh ùfï
1 yelshdjlska iy kjH;djlska hq;= jHdmdr wdrïN
0 ls¯ug jHjidhlhka †˙u;a jkq we;' úfYaIfhkau
NdKav ;sfnk
ia:dkh
y`≥kd .ekSu
NdKav m%jdykh
ls¯fï yelshdj
Y%S ,xldj bka†hdj u,hdishdj isx.mamQrej
igyk ( my< w.hka u.ska wvq ldr®h uQ,h ( ldr®h idOk or®Ylh 2014"
idOkh ±lafõ' f,dal nexl=j yel' ta wkqj" foaYSh yd cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd< hk
34
Y%S ,xldjg my< fY%a◊.; ls¯ula ysñj we;'
fuu.ska j;auka há;, myiqlï mokfuys mj;sk
wvqmdvq fmkakqï flfrhs' há;, myiqlïj,
.=Kd;aulNdjh iy ms˙jeh ish ,dNhg n,mdk
neúka rg ;=< wdfhdackh ls¯ug wfmalaId lrk
wdfhdacl m%cdj ;u wdfhdack ;SrK .ekSfï ° tjeks
fY%a◊.; ls¯ï flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lr;s' foaYSh
ksIamdolhka o fuu wmyiq;d w;a ú¢k w;r" tys
m%;sM,hla f,i há;, myiqlï i|yd myiqfjka
m%fõY úh yels niakdysr m<d; ;=< uQ,sl jYfhkau
;u jHdmdr lghq;= mj;ajdf.k hEu flfrys Tjqyq
ish wjOdkh fhduq lr;s' há;, myiqlï" rgl
;r.ld˙;ajfha m%Odk idOlhla jk neúka mqΩ,a
cd;sl ixjr®Ok m%;sm;a;sh wkqj hñka niakdysr
m<d; ;=< fukau bka msg; o há;, myiqlï yd
iïnkaO fiajdjkays .=Kd;aulNdjh by< kexùu
flfrys rch ish wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h'
3' ks,Od˙jd° iSud ls¯ï
ks,Od˙jd° iSud ls¯ï ksr;=reju fm!oa.,sl wxYfha
jHdmdr M,∞hS f,i mj;ajdf.k hEu i|yd ndOdjla
f,i ie,fla' tneúka" fm!oa.,sl wxYh u.ska ish
jHdmd˙l ;SrK .ekSfï ° wkql+,;d ms˙jeh ms<sn|j
jeä ie,ls,a,la olajk ksid" rch úiska ks,Od˙jd°
iSud ls¯ï wvq ls¯u yryd fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj;
myiqlï ie,ish hq;=j we;' iudk ;;a;ajhla mj;sk
l,dmSh rgj,a yd ii|k úg kj jHdmdr weröfï °"
.súiqï n,.ekaùfï °" foam< ,shdm†xÑ ls¯fï ° yd Kh
,nd.ekSfï ° mj;sk wêl ks,Od˙jd° l%shdmámdá
fya;=fjka zjHdmdr mj;ajdf.k hdfï or®YlhZ ;=<
Y%S ,xldj ie,lsh hq;= wjdis∞hl ;;a;ajhlg m;aj
we;' ;jo" úúO fr.=,dis iy wkql+,;dj ±laùu yd
ne∫kq by< ms˙jeh fya;=fjka kj iud.ï ìysùu
wffOr®hj;a ùu" mj;sk iud.ïj, jr®Okh iSud ùu"
wúêu;aj l%shd;aul ùug jHjidhlhka keUqre ùu"
uQ,Hk yd jHdmdr l%shdj,Skag m%fõY ùu iSud ls¯u
iy kdia;sh yd ¥IKh wd†hg u. ie,fia' mj;sk
há;, myiqlï l%shdmámdá iy ta yd ne∫Kq moaO;s ir, ls¯u u.ska
n≥ m˙md,kh yd rdcH wxYfha ldr®hlaIu;dj
jeä†hqKq ls¯u iïnkaOfhka rch ys;lr mshjr
cd;Hka;r
keõ.; ls¯ï /ila f.k ;snqK o" rfgys ffk;sl yd n≥ m˙irh
;=< fõ.j;a m%;sixialrK ;j≥rg;a wjYHj we;'
4' mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Okh iy kfjda;amdokh
kfjda;amdokh iy jHjidhl;ajh" rgl
;dhs,ka;h
;r.ld˙;ajh by< kxjk m%Odk idOl f,i ±laúh
 wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s

rEm igyk ú'i' 2'4 kfjda;amdok ;r.fha b†˙fhka isáhs' Y%S ,xldj"

1
2016 jif¾ f;dard.;a rgj,aj, jHdmdrlrK l,dmSh fyda f.da,Sh fj<|fmd< wruqKq lr.;a kj
fY%a‚.; lsÍï jHdmdr wdlr®IKh lr .ekSug yd mj;ajd f.k hEug
jHdmdrhla wdrïN ls¯u wfmalaId lrhs kï jHjdihl;ajh m%jr®Okh lrkq
200 ,nk" kjH;d †˙u;a lrk m%;sm;a;s iïñY%Khla
nqkaj;aNdjh úi`°u b†ls¯fï n,m;% iu`.
150
is≥lrk .kqfokq u.ska ir, yd myiqlï i,ik ,o jHdmdr m˙irhla
100
ú≥,sh ksr®udKh ls¯u flfrys wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= fõ'
.súiqï n,.ekaùu 50
,nd .ekSu
0 Y%S ,xldfõ mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Okh i|yd jQ wdfhdack
foaY iSud yryd foam, ,shdm†xÑ t;rï i;=gq∞hl uÜgul fkdmj;S' tfy;a" iqúfYaIS
is≥jk fj<`∞u ls¯u
rdcH-fm!oa.,sl yjq,ald˙;ajhla jk Y%S ,xld
n≥ f.ùu Kh ,nd .ekSu kefkda;dlaIK wdh;kh (SLINTEC)" ldr®ñl
iqΩ;r wdfhdaclhka
wdrlaId ls¯u ;dlaIK wdh;kh (ITI) iy fudrgqj úYajúoHd,h
Y%S ,xldj u,hdishdj isx.mamQrej ;dhs,ka;h jeks wdh;k ish,a,lau Y%S ,dxlsl jHjidhlhkag
igyk ( by< fY%a◊.; ls¯ï uQ,h ( f,dal nexl= jHdmdrlrKh" 2016 jeä w.hla ,nd °u Wfoid mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok
u.ska ≥r®j, jHdmdr lrk
;;a;ajhka ±lafõ' lghq;= is≥ ls¯fï ie,lsh hq;= †hqKqjla w;am;a
lrf.k we;' Y%S ,xldj" mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok
fowxYh ;=<u by< w.h tl;= ls¯ulska hq;= NdKav lghq;= jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd foaYSh wdr®:ßlh ;=<
yd fiajd idr®:lj ksmehSug yd wf,ú ls¯ug yels" fujeks l%shdudr®. ;j≥rg;a †˙.ekaúh hq;=j we;'
±kqu mdol lr.;a jHjidhhka ffOr®hj;a ls¯ug wdh;k u.ska ;dlaI◊l lghq;= jHdma; ls¯u
Y%S ,xldj lghq;= l< hq;=h' fï i|yd" Y%S ,xldfõ imqrd,Sug" Y%S ,xldj ;=< iq≥iqlï iys; Y%u n,ldhla
(i) wmkhkdNsuqL iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK jHdmdr iQ∞kï lr .ekSu w;HjYH fõ' fuu wjYH;dj
kÛd isgqùu" (ii) wdr®:ßl jr®Okh wruqKq lr.;a kj imqrd,Su fjkqfjka wOHdmksl m%;sm;a;s fhduq l<
jHdmdr msysgqùu yd jeä†hqKq ls¯fï l%shdj,sh hq;= fõ'
fõ.j;a ls¯u iy (iii) mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok wxY
5' idr®j wdr®:ßl ia:dhS;dj jeä†hqKq ls¯u
hdj;ald,Sk ls¯u iy m%;sixúOdkh ls¯u hkd†h
i|yd jQ m%;sm;a;s jeo.;a fõ' fuu Wmdhudr®. ;=k WoaOukh by< hEu u.ska ksr®udKh jk
i|yd tlsfklg iqúfYaIS fukau tlsfklg wkqmQrl wúksYaÑ;Ndjh" uQr®; úksuh wkqmd;slh wê m%udKh
jk" f.da,Sh wdr®:ßlh ;=< isák ;r.lrejka w;r ùu" †.ska †.gu mj;akd whjeh ys`.h" by< rdcH
,xldfõ ;r.ld˙;ajh by< kxjd,k wdr®:ßlh Kh uÜgu iy úfoaY cx.u .sKqfï wLKav ys`.h
kùlrKh ls¯fï l%shdj,shla i|yd jQ" m%;sm;a;suh fya;=fjka idr®j wdr®:ßlh ms<sn| wia:djr Ndjhla
mshjr fm<la w;HjYH fõ' wmkhk b,lal lr.;a we;súh yels w;r" tu.ska wdfhdaclhkaf.a úYajdih
iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK lr®udka; m%jr®Okh ls¯u mÆ≥ fõ' Y%S ,xldj jir wgla uqΩ,af,a wLKavj
i|yd" ;dlaIKh Wmfhda.S lr .ekSug †˙u;a ls¯u" wvq WoaOuk ;;a;ajhla mj;ajd.;a w;r" fuh
cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd<g iy iemhqï ∞uj,g m%fõY 2016$17 f.da,Sh ;r.ld˙;aj or®Ylfhys Okd;aulj
ùug we;s wjia:d jr®Okh ls¯u" cd;sl uÜgfï ms<sìUq ù we;' flfia fj;;a" rdcH whjeh mr;rh"
há;, myiqlï Yla;su;a ls¯u yd idïm%∞hsl yd rdcH Kh uÜgï yd Kh fY%a◊.; ls¯u hk lreKq
keÛS tk lr®udka; hk fowxYhu il%Sh ls¯u iïnkaOfhka Y%S ,xldfõ ;r.ld˙;ajh ≥r®j, nj
i|yd wjYH ;dlaI◊l l=i,;djkays wvqmdvq msrùu y∫kd f.k we;' wd∞hu mdol lr.;a rdcH uQ,H
wjYH fõ' wdr®:ßl m˙jr®;kh i|yd n,mEula tAld.%;dj iy Kh jeä ùu md,kh ls¯u u.ska rdcH
we;s l< yels" wdr®:ßl jr®Okh wruqKq lr.;a kj uQ,H ysÛh wvq ls¯ug wjYH m%;sm;a;s rch u.ska
jHjidhhka" iEuúgu ksr®udKYS,S jHdmdr wdlD;s l%shdjg kxjd we;' rcfha whjeh mr;rh wvq ls¯u
yd ksIamdok iy fiajdjkays uQ,h fõ' kj ksmehqï ;=<ska by< fmd,S wkqmd;sl hgf;a úfoaYSh uQ,Hkh
iM, lr .ekSu i|yd" kfjda;amdok jHdmdr wdlD;s ls¯fï wjYH;dj wvq lrkq ,nk w;r" tu.ska
ia:djr ls¯ug uQ,H myiqlï ,nd°u iy kj jHdmdr úfoaYSh wxYfha we;sjk wjodkï ;;a;ajh wju
jd◊clrKh yd jHdma; ls¯ug wjYH m%d.aOkh flfrhs' óg wu;rj" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska"
,nd.ekSug wjia:dj ,nd°u w;sYh jeo.;a fõ' úfoaY wdfhdaclhkaf.a úYajdih f.dvke.Sug
fndfyda rgj,a mqΩ,a" kj jHdmdr ys;ldó m˙ir Wmld¯ jk f,i" ish uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh iy úfoaY
moaO;s m%fõYhka Tiafia" ish kj jHdmdr m%cdjkaf.a úksuh m%;sm;a;sh meye†,s f,i b†˙m;a lr we;'
yelshdj jr®Okh ls¯u u.ska fï jk úg o Y%S ,xldfõ j;auka idr®j wdr®:ßl wiu;=,s;;djkag

35
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
uQ,sl jk fya;=j rfÜ rdcH uQ,H l%shdld˙;ajh yd
1
fndfyda ≥rg iïnkaO neúka" wd∞hu u; mokï jQ
rdcH uQ,H tAld.%;djh i|yd .;a mshjr Wm˙u
foaYmd,k lemùulska hq;=j wLKavj mj;ajd f.k
hEu wjYH fõ'
bosß ±lau
Y%S ,xldj ixjr®ê; rgla njg m;aùug ;snQ fndfyda
wjia:d w;miq lr f.k we;s fyhska f.da,Sh
fj<|fmd< ;r.ld˙;ajh kej; w;alr .ekSug
;j≥rg;a m%udo úh fkdyelsh' rch fuu wjYH;dj
m%Yia; iïm;a fn∞ye¯ug ndOd muqKqjk w;r"
w;HjYH NdKav u; mkjk jl% n≥ wvq wd∞hï
,nk l=gqïn u; wys;lr f,i n,mdk w;r"
wdr®:ßlh ;=< wd∞hï iy úhoï úIu;d we;s lrhs'
tuksid" Rcq n≥ yd jl% n≥ w;r wkqmd;h by<
kxjñka ;sridr mokñka wd∞hï jr®Okh ls¯ug
fya;=jk m˙† úfYaIfhka wd∞hï n≥ jeks n≥
/ia ls¯u Yla;su;a ls¯u ms<sn|j rch úiska wLKav
wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h' ;jo" o'foa'ks'fhys
m%;sY;hla f,i uE;ld,Skj n≥ wd∞hu wvqùu
i|yd fya;=jQ idOl w;=˙ka n≥ meyer ye¯u yd
uÛye¯u hk idOl m%Odk fõ' fuu ;;a;ajh ;=<
m%Odk jYfhka by< m˙md,k ms˙jeh fya;=fjka
wúêu;a wdr®:ßl wxYh i|yd Rcq n≥ mekùu u.ska
we;s jk wd∞hï m%;s,dN uq,a wjia:dfõ iSudiys;
jqjo" o'foa'ks' ;=< úYd, ∞hl;ajhla imhk
wúêu;a wxYh n≥ ±, ;=<g f.k tau i|yd
jk hdka;%Khka l%shd;aul ls¯u ue†ld,fha isg
†.=ld,Skj rdcH wd∞hï uQ,dY%hla jYfhka jeo.;a
úh yelsh' ;jo" wúêu;a wxYfhka n≥ wh ls¯u
;=<ska laIqø" l=vd yd uOHu m˙udK jHdmdrj,
jr®Okh by< kexùug o yels jk njg idlaIs
mj;S' wúêu;a wxYh ;=< mj;sk wdh;k úiska n≥
f.ùu" tu wdh;k rch iuÛ iïnkaO ùfï u.la
jk w;r" tuÛska tu wdh;kj, kS;Hkql+,Ndjh
iy hymd,kh by< kexùug o" tu wdh;k uQ,H
moaO;sh iuÛ mj;akd taldnoaO;dj by< kexùug o
fya;= fõ' n≥ jHqyh ir, ls¯u" wdrjq,a úi£fï
hdka;%K läkï ls¯u" jHdmdr i|yd ,shdm†xÑh
wksjdr®h ls¯u jeks l%u u.ska wúêu;a wxYh
n≥ ±, ;=<g f.k tau is≥ l< yelsh' wúêu;a
wxYh fj;ska wd∞hï tla/ia ls¯u by< kexùu
i|yd iafõÉPd n≥ wkql+,;dj by< kxjkq ,nk
m%;sm;a;s fhd∞ .ekSu m%fhdackj;a úh yelsh'
;jo" n≥ f.ùfï yelshdj we;s ishÆ fokd n≥
±, ;=<g .%yKh ls¯u i|yd jk ls%hdudr®. rcfha
36
fï jk úg y∫kd f.k we;;a" ta i|yd wjYH
m%;sm;a;s läkñka l%shd;aul l< hq;=h' fï i|yd"
ishÆu mdr®Yajlrejkaf.a iydh ,efnk mqΩ,a
l%shdld¯ ie,iqula Y%S ,xldjg wjYH fõ';r.ld˙;ajh
jr®Okh ls¯ug wjYH m%;sixialrK l%shd;aul ls¯u
iy tajd b†˙hg mj;ajd f.k hEu i|yd Yla;su;a
foaYmd,k iydhla wjYH jk w;r" cd;sl ie,iqï
l%shd;aul ls¯ug uyck;djf.a iydh o ,nd .ekSu
jeo.;a fõ' fï i|yd uyck u;h hym;a wdldrhg
ilia lr .ekSu o w;HjYH fõ'
n≥ m%;sixialrK ;=< wka;r®.; l< hq;= w;r" n≥
wkql+,;dj ffOr®hj;a jk m˙† n≥ f.jkakka
yg ys;ldó m˙irhla ksr®udKh flfrk n≥
m%;sm;a;shla we;s l< hq;=h' n≥ wd∞hfï M,∞hS
Ndú;h fmkakqï ls¯u i|yd rcfha úhoïj,
úksúoNdjh o jeo.;a jk w;r" tu.ska n≥ f.ùu
i|yd ck;dj †˙.kajkq we;'
,dN iy wd∞hï u; jk n≥ /ia ls¯u by<
kexùu i|yd wjOdkh fhduq lrk w;ru" bvï yd
foam< jeks ksYap, foam< u; jk n≥ mqΩ,a ls¯u
;=<ska n≥ jHqyfha wkql%ñl iajNdjh by< kexùu
yd iDcq n≥ ;=<ska wd∞hu by< kexùu i|yd rch
ork m%h;akhg iydh úh yelsh' jr®;udkfha ° YS%
,xldfõ foam< u; n≥" m<d;a md,k wdh;k u.ska
ksYap, foam< u; mkjk ;lafiarelrK n≥ fyda
wkqmd;sl u; iy foam< .kqfokq i|yd jk uqoaor
.dia;= u; mokï fõ' fï w;r" m<d;a md,k
wdh;kj, .dia;= tla tla m<df;a fiajdj,g
w∞<j wh lrk w;r" uqoaor .dia;= foam< .kqfokq
jákdlu yd m%udKh u; ;SrKh fõ' ;jo" uqoaor
.dia;= jeks .kqfokq u; mokï jk whls¯ï wdr®:ßl
ls%hdldrlu wkqj iumd; fkdfjhs' fuu ;;a;ajh
;=<" ixjr®Okh fkdl< fkajdisl bvï jákdlï
u; n≥ mekùu ;=<ska mqfrdal:kh l< yels iy
ia:djr rdcH wd∞hï m%jdyhla iemhSug yelshdj
,efí' idfmalaI jYfhka wvq n≥ wkqmd;hla mj;ajd
.ekSu u.ska bvï jákdlï u; n≥ whlr .ekSu
mqΩ,a mokulska lr .ekSug yelshdj ,ndfok
w;r" rch úiska bvï jákdlu ;lafiare ls¯ug
wjYH udr®f.damfoaY imhk ks, ;lafiarelrK
o;a; moaO;shla mj;ajdf.k hEu ;=<ska bvï
;lafiarelrKh yd iïnkaO wdfõ◊l .egÆ
wju lr .ekSug yelsfõ' ;jo" by< jákdlulska
hq;a bvï i|yd by< n≥ wh flfrk neúka bvï
 wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s
jákdlï n≥ u.ska n≥ jHqyfha wkql%ñl iajNdjh
by< kxjkq ,nhs' ;jo" wd∞hï n≥ jeks j;alï
m%jdyhkaf.ka wh lrkq ,nk iDcq n≥j,g
idfmalaIj bvï foam< jeks j;alï i|yd wh lrk
Rcq n≥ meyerye¯ï wvqh' ta wkqj" mqΩ,a mokulska
hq;=j bvï jákdlï n≥ l%shd;aul ls¯u i`oyd jk
iduqysl m%h;ak" rch úiska wfmalaId lrk m˙†
Rcq n≥ wd∞hu by< kexùu i|yd b;d jeo.;a
jk w;r" wdr®:ßlfha fj<|fmd< wldr®hlaIu;d
iy wd∞hï úIu;d wvq ls¯ug o th fya;= fõ'
rdcH uQ,H wxYh ;=< mj;akd iSñ;
iïm;aj,ska Wm˙u m%;s,dN ,eìh yels m˙† rcfha
jr®;k mejreï iy iykdOdr jevigyka ksis m˙†
b,lal.; ls¯u wjYH fõ' uE;ld,Skj" wdr®:ßluh
jYfhka ≥Ialr;dj,g uqyqK fok fldgia iy wvq
wd∞hï,dNS l=gqïnj, „jk ;;a;ajh by< kexùu
i|yd rch úiska o'foa'ks'fhka ishhg 3-4 ;a w;r
m%udKhla jeh lrk ,°' kuq;a" rcfha we;eï
jr®;k mejreï iy iykdOdr jevigykaj,ska
jeä fldgila by< wd∞hï,dNS l=gqïn úiska
,nd.ekSu fya;=fjka o˙ø;dj iy wiudk;dj wvq
ls¯u iïnkaOfhka tu jevigyka M,∞hS fkdjk
njg újdohla mj;S' W∞yrKhla jYfhka"
iuDoaê iykdOdr ,dNSkaf.ka jeä fldgila i;H
jYfhkau jevigyk u.ska b,lal.; wd∞hï
ldKavhg wka;r®.; fkdjk w;r" jir 14 lg
miqj 2002 wxl 24 ork iqnidOk m%;s,dN mk;
ls%hdjg kexùu ;=<ska wdrlaIK jevigyka ksis
m˙† ls%hd;aul ls¯ug wfmalaIs;h' ;jo" Lksc
f;,a ksIamdok iy ú≥,sh Ndú;d lrkakka i|yd
rch úiska Rcq iykdOdr ,nd fkd≥kako" rdcH
jHjidhj, uQ,H w,dN rcfha whjeh u; fukau
idudkH ck;dj u; o mSvkhla we;s lrkq
,nhs' ãi,a Ndú;d lrkakka ienE jYfhkau wvq
wd∞hï,dNSka fkdjqK o" idudkHfhka Lksc f;,a
ñ,lrKfha ° fmg%,a Ndú;d lrkakkag by<
ñ,la o" ãi,a iy N+ñf;,a Ndú;d lrkakkag my<
ñ,la o kshu fõ' tf,i u" ú≥,s m˙fNdackh by<
uÜgul mj;sk l=gqïN i|yd by< ñ, .Kka yd
wvqfjka ú≥,sh m˙fNdackh lrk l=gqïn i|yd
my< ñ, .Kka wh l< o" iykdOdrh ;=<ska
ksYaÑ; jYfhkau wvq wd∞hï,dNSka b,lal
fkdflfr®' óg wu;rj" ksIamdok iykdOdr
b,lal.; ls¯ï M,∞hS fkdjk úg th iïm;a
fn°hEu wldr®hlaIu ls¯ug fya;= fõ' W∞yrKhla
jYfhka" miq.sh jir fol ;=< l%uj;a lrk ,o
fmdfydr iykdOdrh" fmr° ksYaÑ; b,lal.;
hdka;%Khlska f;drj ,nd °u ksid iykdOdr
1
fn∞ye¯fï ° we;s jQ wldr®hlaIu;d iy fmdfydr
wêNdú;h fya;=fjka wdr®:ßlhg wfmalaIs;
m%;s,dN w;afkdùh' úúO rchka úiska fmdfydr
iykdOdrh ,nd°u" lDIsldr®ñl wxYfha wLKavj
wvq M,∞hS;djla mej;Sug fya;= jQ w;r" th fjk;a
M,∞hS wxYj,g iïm;a .,d hEu j<ld,ñka
tu wxYfhau Y%uh r|jd ;eîug;a fya;= úh'
uE;ld,Skj is≥ lrk ,o fmdfydr iykdOdrh
l%uj;a ls¯u yd iudkj" wfmalaIs; m%;s,dN w;a lr
.ekSu i|yd iykdOdr yd mejreï jevigyka ksis
f,i b,lal.; ls¯u w;HjYH fõ' fuu iudc
wdrlaIK jevigyka i|yd m%;s,dNSkaf.a wd∞hï
;;a;ajh ms<sn| ksrka;r m¯laIdj o wjYH fõ'
fmd≥ Wmfhda.S;d iy Lksc f;,a ksIamdok iemhSu
iïnkaOj mj;sk NdKav iykdOdr l%uh fjkqjg o
Rcq uqo,a mejreï l%uhla Ndú;d ls¯fï yelshdj
mj;S'
ck.ykh úhm;a ùu iy miq.sh jir 12 ;=<
rdcH fiajfhys kshq;= fiajlhka ixLHdj ie,lsh
hq;= f,i by< hEu ;=<ska rdcH uQ,H wxYh u;
jk n,mEu by< hEu ms<sn|j i,ld n,d rdcH
wxYfha úY%du jegqma l%ufhys ;sridr nj ;yjqre
l< hq;= w;r" iuia; Y%u n,ldfhys wjYH;d
imqrd,Su ms◊i fj<|fmd<g keUqre jQ úY%du jegqma
yd md˙f;daIs; l%u i|yd wkqn, †h hq;=h' oekg
mj;sk úY%du jegqma l%uh" wkd.; mrmqr u; ±ä
mSvkhla t,a, lrñka flfuka úYd, jk rdcH
uQ,H jHikhla njg m;aúh yels njg ;r®l l<
yelsh' ck.ykh fõ.j;a f,i úhm;ajk iy rdcH
fiajd kshqla;slhka ixLHdj by< hk jd;djrKhla
;=<" YS% ,xldfõ rdcH fiajfhys uQ,Hkh fkdlrk
,o úY%du jegqma j.lSï" rdcH uQ,H wxYh fj;
ie,lsh hq;= mSvkhla we;s l< yelsh' úY%dñlhka
ixLHdj by< hk w;r;=r l%ufhka úhm;a jk
ck.ykh yd jeäjk wdhq wfmalaIdj iy by<
hk úY%du °ukd rcfha jr®;k úhou u; ie,lsh
hq;= mSvkhla we;s lrhs' rch úiska úY%du jegqma
j.lSï f.ùfï°" ld,hla ;siafia ∞hl;ajh ;=<ska
mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk fjku wruqo,la Wmfhda.S
lr.kq fjkqjg jr®;k úhou ;=<ska tu j.lSï
mshùu ksid rcfha ksYaÑ; úY%du jegqma j.lSu
ms<sn|j meye†,s wjfndaOhla fkdue;' tuksid"
rcfha wkd.; úY%du jegqma j.lSï weia;fïka;=
ls¯u b;d w;HjYH fõ' tjeks weia;fïka;="
cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,a rdcH uQ,H ixLHdk
m%ñ;s we;=Ω cd;Hka;r ixLHdk l%ufõo ;=<ska o
37
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
ksr®foaY lr we;' fndfyda †hqKq wdr®:ßlhkays
1
fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s rdcH wxYfha úY%du jegqma
j.lSï o'foa'ks'fha m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg ishh
blaujd we;ehs weia;fïka;= lr we;' úY%du jegqma
j.lSïj, úYd,;ajh i,ld n,d" †hqKq wdr®:ßl
iy keÛS tk fj<|fmd< wdr®:ßlj, rchka
úiska úY%du jegqma wruqo,a msysgqjd we;s w;r" tu
úY%du jegqma wruqof,ys j;alï wdfhdackfhka
,efnk m%;s,dN" wkd.;fha úY%du jegqma j.lSï
mshùug fhd∞.; yelsh' YS>%fhka fjkiajk
ckúldY ixhq;sh iy rdcH fiajd kshqla;slhka
ixLHdj ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< hEu fya;=fjka
rch wfmalaId l< m˙† YS% ,xldj o b;d läkñka
úY%du jegqma wruqo,la msysgqùu ms<sn|j i,ld
ne,Su w;HjYH fõ' rdcH wxYfha úY%du jegqma
fhdackd l%ufhys ;sridrNdjh by< kexùug .;
yels ;j;a mshjrla jkafka rdcH fiajlhkaf.a
úY%du hEfï jhia iSudj l%ufhka by< kexùuhs'
fï w;r" Y%u n,ldfhka nyq;rhla fiajfhys
ksr;j isák úêu;a iy wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl
wxYfhys fiajd kshqla;slhka iïnkaOfhka i,ld
n,k l," ck.ykh úhm;aùfï wNsfhda.hg
uqyqK°u i|yd" úY%du m%;s,dN fhdackdl%u iy
fi!LH wxYfha m%;sixialrK Yla;su;a ls¯u ;=<ska
†.=ld,Sk ±laula iys; úi∫ï b†˙m;a l< hq;= fõ'
úfYaIfhkau" ±kg mj;sk fj<|fmd< fmd,S
wkqmd;sl jHqyh fya;=fjka úY%du jegqma" rlaIK
yd md˙f;daIsl l%u i|yd we;s b,aÆu wvq jqjo"
b,lal.; rdcH uQ,H †˙.ekaùïj, iydh we;sj
†.=ld,Sk ±laula we;s ;sridr úY%du jegqma" rlaIK
yd md˙f;daIsl l%u ixjr®Okh ls¯u i|yd uQ,H
fj<|fmd< fhduq ls¯u o w;HjYH fõ'
rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhka uqyqK fok
±kgu;a y∫kdf.k we;s .egÆ iy wNsfhda. wju
ls¯u i|yd wjYH m%;sjHqy.; ls¯fï jevigyka
ldr®hlaIu f,i ls%hdjg kexùu iy Wmdhudr®.sl
fkdjk yd W!k Wmfhda‚; rdcH j;alï iq≥iq
ndysr mdr®Yajhka fj; mej¯ug we;s yelshdj i,ld
ne,Su" ue† ld,fha isg †.= ld,h olajd rdcH uQ,H
;sridrNdjh ;yjqre ls¯u i|yd b;d jeo.;a fõ'
rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhkaf.a w,dN ie,lsh hq;=
f,i talrdYS ùu YS% ,xldfõ rdcH uQ,H wxYfha
ls%hdld˙;ajh flfrys n,mE w;r" rch i;= úYd,
jd◊c jHjidhhkaf.a ≥r®j, uQ,H ;;a;ajh ;=<ska
rfgys nexl= wxYh fj; o wys;lr n,mEï t,a,
úh yelsh' tneúka" fuu rdcH jHjidhhka kej;
k.disgqùu i|yd uE;l ° flgqïm;a lrk ,o
38
wdh;ksl wNsm%dh m%ldY ls%hdjg kexùu ;=<ska
rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhkaf.a ≥r®j,;djkag
fya;= ù we;s lreKq i|yd úi∫ï ,nd †h hq;=h'
úfYaIfhkau n,Yla;sh wdYs%; ksIamdok iuÛ
lghq;= is≥ lrk rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhka i|yd
ñ, iQ;%hla u; mokï jQ ñ, kshu ls¯u u.ska
wkd.;fha ° cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd< ;=< n,Yla;s
ñ, fjkiaùï u.ska we;súh yels idr®j wdr®:ßl
n,mEu wju jkq we;' cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd< ;=<
ñ, úp,kfhys n,mEu foaYSh md˙fNda.slhka
fj; úksúoNdjhlska hqla;j .,d hEug ie,eiaùu
i|yd wjYH hdka;%Khla ksr®udKh lrk w;r"
ms˙jeh ms<sìUq lrk ñ, hdka;%K fj; fhduqùu
u.ska rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhkaf.a jd◊c
YlH;djh Yla;su;a jkq we;' fï w;r" rch
i;= we;eï jd◊c jHjidhhka i|yd rdcH yd
fm!oa.,sl yjq,ald˙;aj wdlD;Ska y∫kajd°u ;=<ska
fm!oa.,sl wxYfha wdfhdack by< kxjd .;
yels w;r" th rdcH uQ,H u; we;s mSvkh wvq
ls¯ug o Wmld¯ jkq we;' ;jo" idr®:l rdcH yd
fm!oa.,sl yjq,ald˙;ajhka by< jákdlula
iuÛ jvd iM, iy ldr®hlaIu fiajd iemhSulg
u. mdoñka kj ;dlaIKh iy l<ukdld˙;ajh
ms<sn| ±kqu jHdma; lrkq we;' fï w;r" fydag,a
jeks Wmdhudr®.sl fkdjk rdcH j;alï ndysr
mdr®Yajhka fj; mej¯u u.ska rch i;= m%Odk
jd◊c jHjidhhka flfrys wjOdkh fhduq
ls¯ug rchg wjldY ie,fikq we;' Wmdhudr®.sl
fkdjk iy$fyda W!k Wmfhda‚; rdcH j;alï
fj; úfoaYSh fldgia ysñlï wdfhdackh i|yd
bvye¯u u.ska rfgys úfoaYSh wxYh o Yla;su;a
jkq we;' tfuka u" ±kgu;a b†lr we;s há;,
myiqlï wdYs%;j fm!oa.,sl wxYh úiska uQ,sl;ajh
.kq ,nk jd◊c ls%hdldrlï †˙u;a ls¯u wjYH
jk w;r" tu.ska wdr®:ßl ixjr®Okh fõ.j;a ls¯u
i|yd wkqn,hla iemfhkq we;' flfia kuq;a"
úfYaIfhka u" iq≥iq uyck WmfoaYk l%shdj,s
yryd mdr®Yajlrejka iy fmd≥ ck;dj fj;
w∞< ls%hdudr®.j, we;s ;dr®lslNdjh meye†,sj
ikaksfõokh lr" rfgys iudc wdr®:ßl miqìug
.e<fmk m˙† rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhkaf.a
m%;sixialrK is≥ l< hq;=h'
wdr®:ßlfha jr®Ok m%jK;dj ;sridr mokñka
mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd fN!;sl há;, myiqlï u;
wLKavj wdfhdackh ls¯u w;HjYH jk w;r" tjeks
wdfhdack i|yd úl,am uQ,Hk myiqlï fiùu
ilS%hj is≥ l< hq;=h' mYapd;a hqo iuh ;=< fN!;sl
 wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s
há;, myiqlïj, .=Kd;aulNdjh iy iq,n;dj
ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< .sh o" wd∞hï uÜgu
jr®Okh ùu iy kd.¯lrK m%jK;d fya;=fjka
ishΩu wdldrfha há;, myiqlï i|yd jk b,aÆu
by< hd yels neúka kj há;, myiqlï i|yd
jk wdfhdack wLKavj is≥ l< hq;= w;r" mj;akd
há;, myiqlï wLKavj kv;a;= ls¯u wjYH fõ'
idïm%∞hslj" há;, myiqlï uQ,Hkh ls¯fï °
by< ∞hl;ajhla olajd we;af;a rdcH wxYhhs'
flfia fj;;a" rdcH uQ,H wjldYh iSudiys;
neúka há;, myiqlï ixjr®Okh i|yd fm!oa.,sl
wxYfha wdfhdack †˙u;a ls¯u w;HjYH fõ'
cd;Hka;r w;a±lSï wkqj" .dia;= wh lrk wêfõ.S
udr®." fmd≥ m%jdykh" ú≥,sn, W;amdokh iy
fn∞ye¯u" ú≥,s ixfoaY" jrdh" c,iïmdok yd
ms˙my≥j iy li, neyer ls¯u jeks wxY fm!oa.,sl
wdfhdack wdlr®IKh lr .ekSfï yelshdjla iys;
wxY f,i fmkS hhs' ú≥,s ixfoaY" jrdh" .=jka iy
n,Yla;s hk lafIa;%j, óg fmr ls%hd;aul jQ rdcH
fm!oa.,sl yjq,ald˙;aj jHdmD;s idr®:l jqjo"
tjeks rdcH fm!oa.,sl yjq,ald˙;ajhkays iïmQr®K
m%;s,dN YS% ,xldj úiska ;j≥rg;a w;alr .; hq;=j
we;' há;, myiqlï i|yd fm!oa.,sl wdfhdack
wdlr®IKh lr .ekSu i|yd rdcH fm!oa.,sl
yjq,ald˙;ajfha wjYH;dj y∫kd .ksñka" rdcH
fm!oa.,sl yjq,ald˙;ajh n,.ekafjk m˙irhla
ksr®udKh ls¯u i|yd m%;sm;a;s ls%hdudr®. lsysmhla
ls%hdjg kxjd we;' m%;sm;a;sj, mriamr úfrdaëNdjh
iy foaYSh jYfhka YlH;djfhys mj;sk ≥r®j,;d
hkd†fhka ms<sìUq jk m˙† ie,iqïlrKh
iy jHdmD;s ksr®udKh" YlH;d wOHhk iy
jHdmD;s ls%hdjg kexùug w∞<j ±lsh yels ±kg
mj;sk kshduk iy wdh;ksl mr;rhka i|yd
úi∫ï fiùu fukau" fuu wxYj, ±kg isák
fiajlhkaf.a iy uyck;djf.a ±kqïj;aNdjh
by< kexùu" rdcH fm!oa.,sl yjq,ald˙;ajh
i`oyd we;s wdlr®I”h;ajh jeä ls¯ug fya;=jkq
we;' nyqmdr®Yaúl ixjr®Ok nexl= uQ,H iydhhka
muKla fkdj ;u mqΩ,a cd;Hka;r w;a±lSï iu`.
†hqKq ;dCIKhka fukau ;dCI◊l yelshdjka o
rg ;=<g f.k tk fyhska tjeks nyqmdr®Yaúl
ixjr®Ok nexl= iu. ilS%hj iïnkaOùu wLKavj
l< hq;=h'
wdr®:ßl jr®Okh by< kexùu" o˙ø;djh yd
wiudk;dj wvq ls¯u" y†is lïmkj, n,mEu
wju ls¯u i|yd wdr®:ßl ksfhda‚;hka Yla;su;a
ls¯u iy idr®j wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;sj, ldr®hlaIu;dj
by< kexùu i|yd uQ,H wxYh ;j≥rg;a
jeä†hqKq ls¯ug iyfhda.h ±laùu w;HjYH fõ'
miq.sh ld,h uq`M,af,a nexl=" wfkHdkH wruqo,a"
1
jHjidhl m%d.aOk iud.ï" rlaIK iud.ï iy
nexl= fkdjk fjk;a uQ,H wdh;k rdYshla
we;=<;a jk m˙† f.da,Sh uQ,H wxYh w;sYh †hqKq"
nyqúO uQ,H moaO;shla lrd YS>%fhka úldYkh ù
we;' uQ,H wxYfha is≥ jQ fuu ixjr®Okhka wdr®:ßl
ksfhda‚;hskag ish b;=reï úúOdx.SlrKh ls¯ug
iy M,∞hS wruqKq i|yd wruqo,a imhd .ekSug
myiqlï imhd we;' fuu uQ,H fiajdjka i|yd jk
m%fõYh iy tu fiajdj, ldr®hlaIu;dj" wdr®:ßl
fi!Nd.Hh uÜgu by< hEu iy tfia by< hk
wkqmd;h ;SrKh ls¯u i|yd Wmld¯ fõ' flfia
fj;;a" YS% ,xldj iïnkaOfhka .;a l," Kh
fj<|fmd< iy fm!oa.,sl fldgia iy jHjidhsl
m%d.aOk lr®udka; ixjr®Okh i|yd úúO rchka
úiska wLKavj .kq ,enQ W;aidyhka yuqfõ jqj o"
tjeks fj<|fmd< iy lr®udka; ;j≥rg;a .egÆ
iy.; ;;a;ajhl mj;S' YS% ,xld wdr®:ßlh jr®Okh
fjñka mj;sk fyhska" cd;Hka;r m%Yia; m˙phka
u; mokï jQ .;sl kshduk rduqjla ;=< ixjr®Okh
lrk ,o ixlSr®K uQ,H WmlrK Ndú;hg fhduq
ùu i|yd uqo,a" uQ,H jHq;amkak iy NdKav
fj<|fmd< i|yd ie,lsh hq;= uÜgfï jeä†hqKq
ls¯ï is≥ ls¯u wjYH fõ' tfiau" foaYSh iy
úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhskaf.a fj<|fmd< iyNd.s;ajh
by< kexùu ;=<ska ue† ld,Skj †hqKq iy øjYS,
idx.ñl Kh iy fldgia fj<|fmd< ixjr®Okh
ls¯u wjYH fõ' ;j≥rg;a" uQ,Hk wjYH;d imqrd
.ekSu i|yd myiqfjka m%fõY ùu jeks fuf;la
<Ûd lr fkd.;a úfYaIs; wjYH;d imqrd,Su ;=<ska
wdr®:ßl jYfhka miq.dó iy fkdjeo.;a f,i
i,lk ,o m%foaYhka o uQ,H moaaO;sfha m%Odk
Odrdjg ilS%hj taldnoaO lr .ekSu l< hq;= fõ'
Y%S ,xldj by< ue† wd∞hï ,nk wdr®:ßlhla
lrd .uka ls¯fï ° uQ,H wxYfha tald.%;djh
ms<sn| kej; jrla is;d ne,sh hq;= w;r" tys° nexl=
fkdjk wdh;k iy l=vd rdcH nexl=j,g jeä
wjOdkhla ,nd foñka Yla;su;a fukau .;sl uQ,H
wxYhla ksr®udKh l< hq;=h' jr®;udkh jk úg"
Y%S ,xldj ;=< uy nexl=j úiska kshdukh jk
n,m;%,dNS nexl= 32 g wu;rj n,m;%,dNS uqo,a
iud.ï 46 la iy úfYaI l,a n≥ iud.ï 7 la mj;S'
fuu wdh;kj, úYd,;ajfha mj;sk wiudk;d
fukau l=vd wdh;k fndfyduhla mej;Su o" fuu
wdh;k kshdukh iy wëlaIKh ls¯u ixlSr®K
lreKla njg m;a lr we;s w;r" uQ,H moaO;sfha
ia:dhS;dj i|yd wys;lr n,mEï we;s lrñka tu
39
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
wdh;kj, lïmk i|yd Tfrd;a;= °fï yelshdj o
1
wvq uÜgul mj;S' fj<|fmd< u; mokï jQ
uQ,H wxY tald.%;djhlg wkqn, °fuka uQ,H
wdh;kj,g cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<ka wruqo,a
tla /ia lr .ekSu" fufyhqï m˙udKhkays jdis
w;alr .ekSu" ;dlaIKh hdj;ald,Sk lr.ekSu
u.ska ldr®hlaIu;dj jeä lr .ekSu" w;rue†
ms˙jeh wvq lr .ekSu iy tu.ska ish Tfrd;a;= °fï
yelshdj Yla;su;a lr .ekSu i`oyd o wjldY
ie,fihs' tfukau" úYd, m%d.aOk wjYH;djka
ue†ld,Skj l=vd iy uOHu m%udKfha nexl=j,g
taldnoaO ùug wkqn,hla jkq we;ehs wfmalaId
flfrk w;ru" iuia; nexl= wxYh i;= j;alïj,ska
ishhg 2'5 lg muKla ysñlï lshk rch i;= l=vd
m˙udK nexl= myla b†˙fha ° úYd, nexl= iu`.
tla ùu ;=<ska jvd wr®:j;a f,i wdr®:ßlh fj;
∞hl jkq we;ehs n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' Bg iu.dój"
kshduk iy wëlaIK rduqj o ;j≥rg;a Yla;su;a
ls¯ug wfmalaId flfrhs'
uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd wfmalaId
lrkq ,nk kuHYS,S WoaOuk b,lallrKhla
fj; idr®:lj m%fõY ùu i|yd ±kg mj;sk
ndOlj,g úi∫ï ,nd °u wjYH fõ' kuHYS,S
WoaOuk b,lallrKhl idr®:l;ajh" uy nexl=fõ
iajdëk;ajh ;j≥rg;a ;yjqre ùu" WoaOukh
md,kh ls¯ug uy nexl=fõ we;s yelshdj ms<sn|
uyck úYajdih by< hEu iy uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh
iïfm%aIKh ùfï ldr®hlaIu;dj jeä†hqKq ùu
u; rπ mj;S' f.da,Sh jYfhka .;a l," WoaOuk
b,lallrKhg w∞< ffk;sl rduqj ;=<ska uy
nexl=jlg iajlSh uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul
ls¯fuys,d úksúoNdjh mj;ajd .ekSu yd j.ùu
ms<sn| m%;smdok o we;=<;aj by< iajdëk;ajhla
;yjqre lrkq ,efí' Y%S ,xldj iïnkaOfhka
.;a l," uqo,a kS;s mk; hgf;a uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh
l%shd;aul ls¯u ;=<ska wdr®:ßl iy ñ, ia:dhS;dj
mj;ajd f.k hEug Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg n,;,
,efnk w;ru" uy nexl=j fj; ie,lsh hq;=
wdh;ksl iajdëk;ajhla o ,nd ° we;' flfia
fj;;a" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j kuHYS,S WoaOuk
b,lallrKhla fj; .uka ls¯fï °" rdcH uQ,H
tald.%;dj i|yd jk wLKav W;aidyhkays iydh o
iys;j w∞< ffk;sl iy wdh;ksl rduqj ;j≥rg;a
Yla;su;a l< hq;= fõ' whjeh ys`.h uQ,Hkh
ls¯u ;=<ska WoaOukd;aul mSvk mekke`.sh
yels neúka ke`.S tk wdr®:ßlhkays uy nexl= o
we;=<;aj WoaOuk b,lallrKh wkq.ukh lrk
40
fndfyda uy nexl=j, ffk;sl rduq ;=< whjeh
ys`.h uQ,Hkh ls¯u meye†,sju iSud lr fyda
;ykï lr we;' ñ, .fõIKh i|yd myiqlï
imhk w;r" rch fjkqfjka wruqo,a bmehSu
i|yd iq/l=ïm;a iDcqju uy nexl=j fj; muKla
wf,ú ls¯u is≥ flfrk" uq`Mukskau fjkafoais u;
mokï fldg f.k ±kg mj;sk iq/l=ïm;a wf,ú
moaO;sh jeä†hqKq ls¯u wjYH fõ' tjeks jeä†hqKq
ls¯ï ;=<ska fj<|fmd< iyNd.sjkakkaf.a
iufmalaIK yeis¯u uy nexl=jg fukau"
uyck;djg wu;r ms˙jehla fkdjk m˙† md,kh
lr .ekSug yels jkjd fukau" ta ;=<ska uqo,a
m%;sm;a;s iïfm%aIKfhys ±kg mj;sk ≥r®j,;d
u`.yrjd .ekSug o yels jkq we;' th" Y%S ,xldj
jeks W!k ixjr®ê; uQ,H fj<|fmd<l fláld,Sk
m%;sm;a;s fjkialïj,g m%;spdr jYfhka M,∞
jl%fha fláld,Sk wka;h fukau úp,;djlska
hq;= †.=ld,Sk wka;hg o n,mEï l< yels uQ,H
WmlrK y∫kajd °u i|yd Wmld¯ jkq we;'
tfukau" Y%S ,xldj uqo,a jr®Okh iy úksuh
wkqmd;slh jeks WoaOukh md,khg Wmfhda.S lr
.kakd idïm%∞hsl úp,Hj,ska neyerj WoaOuk
b,lallrKh i|yd fhduq jk neúka" ;r.ld¯
uQr®; iM, úksuh wkqmd;slhla ms<sìUq flfrk
m˙† úksuh wkqmd;slh ;SrKh jk m˙irhla
;=<" wvq iy ia:dhS WoaOuk ;;a;ajhla mj;ajd
.ekSu i|yd WoaOuk wfmalaId md,kh ls¯u
w;HjYH fõ'
b,aÆï l<ukdlrK m%;sm;a;sj, iM,;dj
;j≥rg;a jeä†hqKq ls¯ug lghq;= lrk w;r"
w;HjYH NdKav iemhqu u; we;sjk n,mEï
fya;=fjka foaYSh md˙fNda.sl ñ, .Kka ±ä
f,i WÉpdjpkh fkdjk fia iemhqï wxYh
l<ukdlrKh ls¯u i|yd jQ m%;sm;a;s fj;
wjOdkh fhduq ls¯u o b;d jeo.;a fõ' whym;a
ld,.=◊l ;;a;aj fya;=fjka we;súh yels iemhqï
;;a;ajh wvqq ùu yd cd;Hka;r fj<| NdKav
ñ, .Kka by< hEu fya;=fjka ;djld,slj ñ,
uÜgïys fjkiaùï we;s úh yels w;r" tu.ska
WoaOukh yd f.jqï fYaIh u; miq n,mEï we;s
ùfuys yelshdjla mj;S' tneúka" ndysr lïmk
fya;=fjka we;sjk wdkhksl NdKav mokï
lr.;a WoaOuk ;;a;ajh md,kh lr .ekSug
wjYH m%;sm;a;s ls%hdudr®. ls%hdjg kexùu
fukau" foaYSh ñ, .Kka u; n,mEï we;s lrkq
,nk wys;lr iemhqï ;;a;aj md,kh ls¯u
i|yd w∞< fláld,Sk yd †.=ld,Sk ls%hdudr®.
 wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s
rch úiska wkq.ukh ls¯u b;d jeo.;a fõ'
wdydr fNda. j.d lghq;= mqΩ,a ls¯u i|yd
Wmfhda.S l< yels bvï m%udKh iSñ; jk neúka"
ue†ld,Skj wdydr iqrlaIs;;dj ;yjqre ls¯u i|yd
lDIs M,∞hS;dj by< kexùu Wfoid fláld,Sk
l%shdudr®. .ekSu wjYH fõ' ;jo" we;eï foaYSh
wdydr fNda. j.dj, wiajekak jir .Kkdjla
uqΩ,af,a i;=gq∞hl fkdjk uÜgul mj;S' tuksid"
by< ldr®hlaIu;djla iys; yd ffcj idOl
mokï lr.;a wys;lr ;;a;aj ^lDñ ydks yd frda.&
fukau" wffcùh idOl mokï lr.;a wys;lr
;;a;ajj,g ^kshÛ" fmdaIK W!k;d& Tfrd;a;=
fok m%fNao u.ska wiajkq m%udKh by< kexùug
lghq;= l< hq;=h' fï w;r" uQ,H fj<|fmd< yd
lDIsldr®ñl wxYh w;r iïnkaO;dj Yla;su;a
ls¯u iy b†˙ fj<| .súiqï jeks uQ,H WmlrK
m%p,s; ls¯u wdr®:ßlfhys iemhqï ;;a;ajh
jeä†hqKq ls¯fuys,d b;d jeo.;a idOl fõ' ;j o"
fï jk úg;a rch úiska jd◊cuh lDIslr®udka;h
m%jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd mshjr /ila ls%hdjg kxjd
we;s w;r" f.dúm< lghq;= hdka;S%lrKh" ksIamdok
;;a;aj l<ukdlrKh iy ldr®hlaIu mdxY= ;;a;aj
l<ukdlrKh jeks ls%hdudr®. ;=<ska ksIamdokh
by< kexùfuka iemhqï wxYh Yla;su;a jkq we;'
foaY.=◊l úmr®hdi ;=<ska ks;r we;s jQ
ld,.=◊l ndOd fya;=fjka m%;sm;a;s iïmdokh
jvd;a ixlSr®K ù we;s w;r" wdr®:ßlfha ishÆu wxY
i|yd n,mdkq ,nk tjeks ndOd wju ls¯ug wdm∞
i|yd uqyqK °ug úêu;a fmr iQ∞kula mej;Sfï
wjYH;dj fmkakqï lr we;' miq.sh jir lsysmh
;=< °" fudaiï ld,.=◊l ;;a;aj u.ska m%udKj;a
jr®Idm;khla fkd,enqKq w;r" jr®Idm;kh b;d
flá ld,hla ;=< flakaø.;ùu ;=<ska rg mqrd ±ä
kshx fukau" .xj;=r yd kdhhEï ;;a;aj o we;s úh'
whym;a ld,.=◊l ;;a;aj fya;=fjka is≥ jQ fuu
fjkialï wdydr ñ, .Kka yd ksIamdokh" mdkSh
c, iemhqu" jd˙udr®. lghq;= yd c,ú≥,s W;amdokh
i|yd fnfyúka n,mEï we;s fldg we;' tneúka"
foaY.=◊l úmr®hdi fya;=fjka we;sjk wys;lr
n,mEï wju ls¯u i|yd ue†ld,Sk yd †.=ld,Sk
±laulska hq;= m%;sm;a;s ls%hdudr®. l,a we;sj
ls%hdjg kexùu wjYH fõ' lDIsldr®ñl wxYh ;=<
c, Ndú;fhys ldr®hlaIu;dj by< kexúh hq;=
w;r" kshÛhg Tfrd;a;= fok yd by< wiajekakla
,ndfok ù m%fNao m%jr®Okh l< hq;=h' lDIsldr®ñl
m%cdj w;r wj∞ku fjk;a mdr®Yajhlg mej¯fï
l%ufõohla f,i lDIs fNda. rCIK l%uh m%jr®Okh
l< yelsh' óg wu;rj" mq`M,a jYfhka ia:djr
1
ñ, .Kka hgf;a rg mqrd taldldr jQ iemhqï
;;a;ajhla mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd m%Odk OdkH jr®.
i|yd wdrlaIK f;d. mj;ajd .ekSu wjYH fõ'
;jo" m%Odk ú≥,sn, iemhqu u; rπ meje;Su
wvq ls¯u i|yd iQr®h n,Yla;sh jeks idïm%∞hsl
fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s m%Nj m%jr®Okh
ls¯u i|yd †˙.ekaùï ,nd°u o wjYH fõ' mqoa.,
„jfkdamdh i|yd ld,.=◊l ndOdj,ska is≥jk
n,mEu wju ls¯u i|yd m%dfoaYSh uÜgfï rdcH
ks,Od¯kaf.a iy wka;r®cd;sl ixjr®Ok ksfhda‚;
wdh;kj, iyNd.s;ajh we;sj" wdmod wëlaIK yd
l<ukdlrK hdka;%Kh Yla;su;a l< hq;=j we;'
YS% ,xldfõ idudkH wOHdmk m%;sm;a;sh" ue†
wd∞hï ,nk wdr®:ßlhl fjkia jk wjYH;d
imqrd,sh yels m˙† h<s ilia l< hq;= fõ' rch úiska
wLKavj wOHdmkh fjkqfjka wdfhdackh ls¯u"
rfÜ udkj m%d.aOk moku jvd;a mqΩ,a ls¯ug fya;= ù
we;' ksoyia wOHdmkh fya;=fjka ishhg 93'2 l
idlaIr;d wkqmd;hla w;alr .ekSug;a" m%d:ñl
yd oaú;ShSl wOHdmk uÜgu iïmQr®K ls¯fï by<
wkqmd;hla jdr®;d ls¯ug;a fukau" ia;S%-mqreI
fomdr®Yajhgu iu wOHdmk uÜgï ysñ ùu;a is≥ ù
we;' flfia jqjo" wOHdmkh fjkqfjka is≥ lrkq
,nk wdfhdackj, fndfyda wdr®:ßl m%;s,dN
,efnkqfha mdi,a wOHdmkh ,nk jir .Kkg
jvd YsIHhka Wlyd .kakd ±kqu yd l=i,;d
u;h' l=i,;d ixjr®Okh tlsfkl u; mokï jk
w†hrj,ska iukaú; iuqÉÑ; „jk pl% ls%hdj,shla
neúka" uQ,sl «kh ,nd .ekSfï we;s ≥r®j,;d
fya;=fjka /lshd ksYaÑ; l=i,;d w;am;a lr .ekSu
we;=`Mj mYapd;a m%d:ñl wOHdmkfhys idr®:l;ajhg
n,mEï we;s fõ' úoHdj yd ;dlaIKfõoh" .◊;
yelshdj" NdId iy idlaIr;dj ms<sn| isiqkag
Yla;su;a mokula iy;sl ls¯u i|yd fmr mdi,a"
m%d:ñl yd oaú;ShSl wOHdmkfha .=Kd;aulNdjh
iy w∞<;ajh jeä†hqKq ls¯u fuu.ska kej;;a
wjOdrKh flfr®' fuh jvd;a mqyqKq l< yels
iy kuHYS,S Y%u n,ldhla f.dvke`.Sug
Wmld¯ jkq we;' mka;s ldur m˙irh jvd;a Wiia
uÜgulg m;a ls¯fï ° mdi,a iy .=rejreka uqyqK
fok .egÆ ;=<ska mekk`.sk bf.kSu i|yd jk
ndOlj,g ms<shï fh°fï ° b.ekaùfï l%ufõo
i`oyd ue†y;aùu ;=<ska .=Kd;aulNdjh jeä ls¯fï
by< bvlvla mj;S' fï i|yd mdvïj, iM,∞hS
nj by< kexùu" úIh ud,dj yd bf.kqï rgdj
ixfYdaOkh" wu;r øjHd;aul myiqlï iemhSu"
41
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
kj ;dlaIKh y∫kajd °u yd mqyqKq ieis"
1
†˙ °ukd yd n|jd .ekSfï mámdáh ixfYdaOkh
u.ska .=rejrekaf.a .=Kd;aulNdjh by< kexùu
hkd†h jeo.;a fõ' wOHdmkfhys .=Kd;aulNdjh
.=rejrekaf.a .=Kd;aulNdjh u; /£ mj;sk
neúka" ksmqK;d iys; WmdêOd¯ka w;r .=re
jD;a;Sh ckms%h lrùu i|yd m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhka
úiska †.=ld,Sk Wmdhudr®. ieliSu w;HjYH fõ'
ukd wOHdmkhla ,nd °fuys,d mdi,aj,
idr®:l;ajh ;SrKh ls¯u i|yd ú≥y,am;sjrekaf.a
.=Kd;aulNdjh fndfyda≥rg jeo.;a jk nj
cd;Hka;r mr®fhaIK u.ska fy<s ù we;' tu
ksid" ú≥y,am;sjrekaf.a .=Kd;aulNdjh kexùu
i|yd úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq l< hq;=h' Bg
wu;rj" ksoyia wOHdmk myiqlu ,nd fokq
,enqj o" by< wd∞hï ,dNSkag jvd †<s∫ wdr®:ßl
miqìula iys; mqoa.,hka wOHdmkh ,nk
jir .Kk wvq w;r" .%dóh m<d;aj, „j;ajk
ck;dj yd ≥.S ck;dj ,nk wOHdmkfhys
iy mqyqKqfjys ie,lsh hq;= úIu;dj fmkakqï
lrñka" tjeks m%foaYj, ‚j;ajk mqoa.,hka
úiska ,nk wOHdmkfha .=Kd;aulNdjh my<
uÜgul mj;sk nj wOHhk u.ska wkdjrKh ù
we;' ;jo" rcfha mdi,a u.ska fiajd iemhSfï
wiudk;dj fya;=fldgf.k ckms%h mdi,a i|yd
by< b,aÆula mj;sk w;r" wfkl=;a mdi,a W!k
Wmfhdackhlg ,la ù we;' ckm%sh fkdjk
hehs ie,flk mdi,a b,lal lrf.k tajdfhys
;;a;ajh yd wdlr®I”h;ajh m%jr®Okh i|yd f.k
we;s uE;ld,Sk rdcH m%;sm;a;s m%YxikSh jk w;r"
tjeks m%;sm;a;sj, idr®:l;ajh b†˙fha ° ±l
.ekSug yels jkq we;' ;jo" k.r wdYs%; mdi,a
i|yd by< hk b,aÆu imqrd,Su i|yd fm!oa.,sl
mdi,aj, ∞hl;ajh ,nd .ekSu i|yd myiqlï
iemhsh hq;= w;r" tu mdi,aj,ska nyq;rhla
kshduk rduqjlg hg;a fkdjk fyhska tu fiajd
iemhqfï m%ñ;sh iy talSh;ajh iy;sl ls¯u o
wjYH fõ' m%Yia: uÜgfï fkdmj;sk wOHdmk
wdh;k ls%hd;aul ùu ;=<ska" ie,lsh hq;= uQ,H
ms˙jehlaa ±¯u uOHfha jqj o" ck.ykfha tla;rd
fldgila ish iuld,Skhkag idfmalaIj miq.dó
;;a;ajhl miqúh yelsh'
wdr®:ßlfha wjYH;d yd Wiia wOHdmk moaO;sh
u.ska wdr®:ßlhg tla lrk Y%u iemhqu w;r
we;s fkd.e,mSu †.ska †.gu mj;sk ;;a;ajhla
;=< jqj o" rdcH wxYfha by< ∞hl;ajhla iys;
Wiia wOHdmkh i|yd jQ b,aÆu by< hEu
fya;=fjka .egÆ rdYshla mekke`.S we;' mj;sk
42
iSñ; bv myiqlï fya;=fjka w'fmd'i' Wiia fm<
úNd.fhka iq≥iqlï ,nk ishÆ isiqka rdcH
úYajúoHd, fj; we;=<;a lr .ekSug fkdyels ù
we;' 2016 jifr® ° isiqka 155"550 la rcfha
úYajúoHd,j,g we;=<;aùug iq≥iqlï ,nd
isáh o" rdcH úYajúoHd, moaO;shg we;=<;a
lr .ekqfka thska ishhg 18'6 la mu◊' Wiia
wOHdmkh i|yd foaYSh jYfhka m%udKj;a wjia:d
fkd,eîfï .egÆj rfÜ ixjr®Okhg fuka u rfÜ
wkd.;h i|yd wjYH jk udkj iïm; Ndú;
ls¯u iïnkaOfhka ndOd we;s lrhs' rdcH uQ,H
wjldYh iSudiys; ùu uOHfha rdcH wOHdmkh
mqΩ,a ls¯ug wjysr;d u;=j we;s wjia:djl ish
fiajd iemhqu mqΩ,a ls¯u i|yd fm!oa.,sl Wiia
wOHdmk wdh;k †˙ .ekaùu b;d jeo.;a fõ'
foaYSh jYfhka Wiia wOHdmk wjia:d wysñ
jk uQ,H yelshdj we;s isiqkaf.ka ie,lsh hq;=
fldgila furg wdr®:ßlh u; ie,lsh hq;= úfoaY
úksuh ms˙jehla we;s lrñka Wiia wOHdmkh
ye≤¯u i|yd úfoaY.; jk neúka" fm!oa.,sl
wxYfha iyNd.s;ajh ;=<ska Wiia wOHdmk
m%fõYh iemhSfï ° wiudk;d we;s lrkq
we;ehs is;sh fkdyelsh' fm!oa.,sl wOHdmk
wdh;kj, iyNd.s;ajh jeä ls¯u iemhqï mr;rh
mshùug w;HjYH jk w;ru" tjeks wdh;k
úiska imhk wOHdmkfha .=Kd;aulNdjh o
wvq uÜgul fkdmej;sh hq;=h' fuu ;;a;ajh
;=<" rcfha yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha Wiia wOHdmkh
wdjrKh jk m˙† Wiia wOHdmkhg w∞< ;;a;aj
iy;sllrK iy ms<s.ekSï l%ufõoh Yla;su;a
ls¯u tjeks wdh;k úiska imhk fiajd m%ñ;shg
,la ls¯fï ° ie,lsh hq;= ldr®hNdrhla is≥ lrkq
we;s w;r" ishÆ m%;s,dNSkag .=Kd;aul wOHdmkhla
,nd .ekSfï yelshdj o iy;sl flfrkq we;'
wkd.;fha ° f,dj ms<s.;a úYajúoHd, njg
m;aùug wjia:dj i,iñka Wiia wOHdmk
wdh;k w;r hym;a wdldrfha ;r.ld˙;ajhla
†˙.ekaùug o fuh fya;=jkq we;' jvd m%dfhda.sl
m%fõYhla mokï lr .ksñka wOHdmk m%;sm;a;sh
rdcH" fm!oa.,sl iy rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl
fowxYhu ñY% jQ wOHdmkh iemhSula fj; fhduq
ùu jeo.;ah' fï w;r" idOl mokï lr.;a
ixjr®Okhl isg ldr®hlaIu;dj mokï lr.;a
ixjr®Okhla lrd m˙jr®;kh ls¯fï °" YS% ,xldfõ
;r.ld˙;ajh Wiia wOHdmkh iy mqyqKq wxYh
u; úYd, jYfhka rπ mj;S' m%Odk lafIa;%j,
mqyqKq Y%ufha ys`.lu iy fkd.e<mSï fya;=fjka
M,∞hS;dj wvq jkq we;s w;r" wdr®:ßl jr®Okh
 wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s
i|yd jk b†˙ wfmalaId o ≥r®j, lrkq we;'
úúO lafIa;%j, ksmqK;d we.hSï ;=<ska
WmdêOd¯kaf.a ±kqï" ;dlaI◊l yd uD≥ l=i,;d
m%udKj;a uÜgul fkdue;s nj wjOdrKh lr
we;s w;r" th /lshdjl kshqla; ùug Tjqkaf.a
we;s yelshdj i|yd muKla fkdj W!k fiajd
kshqla;shg o fya;= fõ' m%:u Wmdê iy ;dlaI◊l
wOHdmk jevigykaj, .=Kd;aulNdjh yd
w∞<;dj jeä†hqKq ls¯u wruqKq lr .;a ue†y;aùï
wjYH jk w;r" tu.ska wdr®:ßlfha m%Odk fmf<a
lr®udka;j, mj;sk ksmqK;d mr;rh mshùug
yelsjkq we;' fï w;r" mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok
i|yd jk wvq wdfhdack ie,ls,a,g .ekSfï °"
lr®udka;j, wjYH;d yd .e<fmk m˙† ;j≥rg;a
mr®fhaIK iy ixjr®Ok is≥ ls¯u i|yd fm!oa.,sl
wxYh yd tlaj b†˙ ±laulska hq;= ldr®hNdrhla
ls¯ug ;D;Shsl wdh;kj,g yelshdj we;'
mqΩ,a úIh mrdihla lrd mYapd;a Wmdê wOHhk
jevigyka Yla;su;a ls¯u o mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok
m%jr®Okh ls¯u ;=<ska Wmld¯ jkq we;s w;r" th
foaYSh ;D;Shsl wOHdmk wdh;kj,g cd;Hka;r
ms<s.ekSula ,nd .ekSug iydh jkq we;' YS% ,xldj
by< ue† wd∞hï wdr®:ßlhla lrd f.k hk b;d
ksmqK yd ldr®hlaIu Y%u n,ldhla f.dvke.Su
i|yd Wiia wOHdmk wxYh by< ;,hlg f.k
taug meye†,s m%;sm;a;s †Ydk;shla mej;Sfï
wjYH;dj fuu.ska fmkakqï lrhs'
ksoyia fi!LH fiajdjla meje;sh o" frda.
jHdma;sfha is≥fjñka mj;sk fjkialï fya;=fjka
fi!LH fiajdjg úúO wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK°ug
is≥ ù we;s w;r" ;sridr mokñka fi!LH fiajd
jeä†hqKq ls¯fï Wmdhudr®. ixjr®Okh ls¯u
;=<ska ta i|yd úi∫ï fiúh hq;=h' n,hg m;a
ishÆ rchka úiska ksoyia fi!LH fiajdjla
mj;ajdf.k hEug lem ù lghq;= ls¯u fya;=fjka
iyi% ixjr®Ok wNsu;dr®:j, olajd we;s fi!LH
or®Yl lsysmhla <Ûd lr .ekSu u.ska ie,lsh
hq;= m%.;shla w;alr .ekSug YS% ,xldjg yels
úh' flfia fj;;a" ck.yk úldYkfha yd
wdr®:ßlfha is≥fjñka mj;sk m˙jr®;k fya;=fjka
kj wNsfhda. lsysmhla ksr®udKh ù we;'
idudkH wdhq wfmalaIdj by< hEu" ±ä
kd.¯lrKh iy jHdhduj,ska f;dr „jk rgd
fj; keUqre ùu fya;=fjka furg frda. i|yd
by< u ∞hl;ajhla olajk fnda-fkdjk frda.
fj; ck;dj f.d≥reùfï wjodku by< hhs'
fnda-fkdjk frda.j, ksOka.; iajNdjh
fya;=fjka tajd iqj ls¯u i|yd idfmalaIj úYd,
úhoula ±¯ug is≥jk w;r" tys m%;sM,hla f,i"
1
úfYaIfhka u fnda-fkdjk frda. yd iïnkaO fiajd
úYd, m%udKhla †<s∫ mqoa.,hka yg b;d úYd,
mSvkhla we;s lrñka fm!oa.,sl uqo,a u.ska ;u
fi!LH i`oyd ork úhoï mshjd .ekSug is≥ fõ'
fï w;r" YS>%fhka úhm;ajk ck.ykh i|yd
ñ, wêl" °r®>ld,Sk m%;sldr wjYH jk neúka
tA i`oyd o rchg úYd, úhoula ±¯ug is≥fõ'
ck.ykfha wfkla wka;h .;a l," kSrla;sh" wvq
nr ore Wm;a iy jhig i˙,k Wi fkdue;sùu
yd Wig i˙,k nr fkdue;sùu we;=<;a <uqkaf.a
wvq nr wkqmd; jeks iïu; or®Yl /ilg
w∞<j <uqkaf.a fmdaIKh yd iïnkaO jQ ie,lsh
hq;= .egÆ m%udKhlg YS% ,xldj uqyqK fohss'
<orejl=f.a „ú;fha m<uq †k 1"000 ;=< mj;sk
fmdaIK uÜgï" Tjqkaf.a nqoaê uÜgu ms<sn| jeo.;a
ksr®Kdhl fõ' mQr®j yd mYapd;a m%iQ;s uõjreka
iy Tjqkaf.a <orejka i|yd ukd fmdaIKhla
,nd °ug jeä wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= nj
fuu.ska fmkajd fohs' ieug iudk f,i jHdma; jQ
fi!LH fiajdjla meje;sh o" rcfha fi!LH fiajd
iemhqfï mj;sk m%dfoaYSh úIu;d fya;=fjka rg
mqrd fi!LH fiajdj, wiudk;d ±lsh yelsh'
tneúka" §ksoyia fi!LH fiajdj¶ wLKavj
mj;ajdf.k hEu i|yd wdr®:ßluh jYfhka
miq.dó m%foaYj,g wjYH iydh ,nd°u iy
rcfha fiajd iemhqu Yla;su;a ls¯u i|yd nyqúO
m%fõYhla wkq.ukh l< hq;= fõ' rcfha yd
fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fi!LH fiajd imhkakka i|yd
jk ms<s.ekSfï l%ufõoh jeä†hqKq ls¯u flfrys
rcfha wjOdkh fhduq úh hq;= w;r" t;=<ska
fi!LH fiajd imhk wdh;kj, .=Kd;aulNdjh"
ldr®hlaIu;dj yd M,∞hS;dj jeä†hqKq jkq we;'
YS% ,xldfõ is≥jk YS>% kd.¯lrKh iu.
wmøjH l<ukdlrKh jvd;a wNsfhda.d;aul ù
we;s w;r" fï i|yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha iyNd.S;ajh o
iys;j m˙irhg wju n,mEula we;s lrk iy
wvq ms˙jehlska hq;= úi∫ï y∫kajd °u wjYHj
we;' wmøjH l<ukdlrKh i|yd is≥ lrk
wdfhdack fya;=fjka há;, myiqlï jHdmD;s
w;r by< m%;s,dN wkqmd;slhla ,eìh yels nj
há;, myiqlï fiajd ms<sn|j uE;l ° is≥ l<
f,dal nexl= wOHhkhla u.ska fidhd f.k we;'
jr®;udkfha °" uy k.r iNd m%foaYj,ska ffokslj
ie,lsh hq;= >k wmøjH m%udKhla W;amdokh
jk w;r" rg ;=< ksmofjk >k wmøjHj,ska
úYd, m%udKhla niakdysr m<d; ;=< ksmofõ'
43
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
wmøjH wju ls¯fï" kej; Ndú; ls¯fï
1
iy m%;splS%lrKh ls¯fï wjYH;dj ms<sn|j
wjOdrKh lrk w;r u" iïm;a m%lD;s iajNdjhg
m;als¯u" oykh ls¯u iy N+ñ f.dvls¯u wd°
l%ufõo u.ska is≥ flfrk wmøjH neyer ls¯u
ms<sn|j l,amkdld¯j wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h'
újD;j is≥jk li< wmyrKh" m%;splS%lrKh
ls¯u" fldïfmdaiaÜ njg m;als¯u iy uyd m˙udK
ms˙ieliqï njg m˙jr®;kh ls¯u i|yd ls%hdudr®.
lsysmhla y∫kajd ° ;snqK o" †km;d ie,lsh hq;=
wmøjH m%udKhla f.dvlrk ìï fj; uq∞ yefr®'
mj;sk iSñ; N+ñ m%udKh ie,lSfï °" YS% ,xldj
>k wmøjH l<ukdlrKh ls¯ug mj;sk fjk;a
úl,am ms<sn|j fidhd ne,Su wjYH fõ' n,Yla;sh
i|yd wmøjH hkq" wmøjH l<ukdlrKh ls¯fï
m%d:ñl l%ufõo ;=<ska ú≥,sn,h iy ;dmh
f,i n,Yla;sh ckkh ls¯u jk w;r" fuh
wka;rdhld¯ fkdjk wmøjH l<ukdlrK
ls%hdj,sfha wx.hla fõ' fuu ls%hdj,sh u.ska
mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s m%Njhla ksr®udKh lrkjd
muKla fkdj" fmdis, uQ,dY%j,ska W;amdokh
flfrk n,Yla;s wjYH;dj ms˙ueiSu ;=<ska ldnka
úfudapkh wvq ls¯u iy wmøjH f.dvls¯u ;=<ska
is≥jk óf;aka W;amdokh o wvq flfrhs' ;jo" fuu
ls%hdj,sfhka W;amdokh jk ;dmh ms˙ueiqï∞hS
f,i wdr®:ßl lghq;= i|yd kej; Wmfhda.S lr.;
yelsh' >k wmøjH N+ñhl f.dvlr ;eîu ;=<ska
ksmofjk óf;aka jdhq m%udKh yd iei£fï °
n,Yla;sh i|yd wmøjH oykh ls¯fï ls%hdj,sfha °
úfudapkh jk ldnka vfhdlaihsâ jdhq m%udKh
wvq uÜgul mj;S' fuhg wu;rj" fuu oyk
ls%hdj,sfhka fYaI jk w`M" ner f,dayj,ska
fmdfydi;a jk w;r" hlv" weÆñkshï" ;U" iskala
iy wfkl=;a f,day wd° oaú;Shsl iïm;a fuu fYaI
jk øjHj,ska ksiaidrKh lr.; yelsh' tlai;a
ckmo n,Yla;s f;dr;=re m˙md,k wdh;kfha
o;a;j,g wkqj" kd.˙l >k wmøjH fuá%la fgdka
tlla Ndú;fhka idudkHfhka ls'fjd'me' 481 l
ú≥,sn,h W;amdokh l< yels w;r" fuu w.h
idudkHfhka †klg YS% ,xldfõ .Dy tall 200
la u.ska m˙fNdackh lrkq ,nk ú≥,sn,hg
iudk fõ' tneúka" wmøjH n,Yla;sh njg
m˙jr®;kh ls¯fï bvm%ia:d ms<sn|j fidhdne,Su"
kd.˙l >k wmøjH l<ukdlrKh ls¯u i|yd
iydh jkjd fukau tu.ska úl,am n,Yla;s
m%Njhla o ksr®udKh flfrkq we;'
44
iyi% ixjr®Ok wNsu;dr®: lrd <Ûd ùfï °
YS% ,xldj ;u l,dmSh rgj,aj,g jvd b†˙fhka
isáh o" by< jr®Ok udj;la lrd .uka lrñka
2030 jir jkúg imqrd,sh hq;= jvd mqΩ,a jQ
;sridr ixjr®Ok wNsu;dr®: fj; <Ûd ùfï ° kj
wNsfhda. /ilg uqyqK °ug is≥jk nj wfmalaId
flfr®' iyi% ixjr®Ok wNsu;dr®:j,g we;=<;a jQ
wka; †<s∫lu" ia;S%-mqreI iudkd;au;dj iy
ieug m%d:ñl wOHdmkh ,nd°u jeks .egÆj,g
wu;rj ;sridr ixjr®Ok wNsu;dr®: u.ska
ñksia ls%hdldrlï fya;=fjka is≥jk foaY.=◊l
úmr®hdi" ffcj úúO;ajhg ydks ùu" md,k
;ka;%fha ≥r®j,;d iy ¥IKh jeks kùk f,dalfha
wNsfhda.hkag úi∫ï fiùug W;aidy orhs'
tneúka" iduldó iy ishÆ fokd wka;r®.;
iudchla u.ska iïm;a ;sridr f,i fhd∞
.ksñka ixjr®Ok ls%hdj,shla ksr®udKh ls¯u jgd
flakaø.; ù we;s neúka" fuu iyi% ixjr®Ok
wNsu;dr®:" mYapd;a hqo iuh ;=< by< jr®Ok
fõ.hla lrd hk YS% ,xldjg úfYaIfhka jeo.;a fõ'
óg wu;rj" iyi% ixjr®Ok wNsu;dr®: idr®:lj
imqrd .;a; o" ieug wOHdmkh yd fi!LH" by<
idlaIr;d uÜgula iy ia;S%-mqreI iudk;au;dj
<Ûd lr .ekSfï l%shdj,sfha ° úYd, f,i rcfha
ue†y;aùu is≥ jqj o" m%dfoaYSh uÜgfï mj;sk
wiu;=,s;;d iy wd∞hï uÜgïj, úIu;d
;j≥rg;a ixjr®Ok wNsfhda. f,i mj;S' fuu
ikaor®Nh ;=<" ixjr®Ok m%;sm;a;s ;sridr ixjr®Ok
wNsu;dr®: yd .e<mSu rfgys ixjr®Ok ls%hdj,shg
m%fhdackj;a úh yels w;r" by< hk wd∞hu"
fjkia jk md˙fNda.sl rgdjka" kd.¯lrKh iy
N+f.da,Sh yd wd∞hï wdYs%; úIu;d iy md˙i˙l
ixrlaIKh jeks oE flfrys úfYaI wjOdkhla
fhduq lrñka by< ue† wd∞hï rgla njg ixl%uKh
ùfï ° we;sjk wNsfhda. ch .ekSug Wmld¯ fõ'
;sridr ixjr®Ok wNsu;dr®: <Ûdlr .ekSu lrd
hk .ufka ° mqΩ,a iudc wdr®:ßl iyNd.s;ajh iy
ir®j iyNd.s;ajhla iys; ixjr®Ok ls%hdj,shla
ksr®udKh ls¯u yryd wdr®:ßl ksoyi jeä†hqKq
ls¯fï rcfha ia:djrhg wkqn,hla imhk
w;r u" tu.ska ishÆ u mdr®Yajlrejkag ixjr®Ok
ls%hdj,sfha m%;s,dN ie,fikjd muKla fkdj"
ta i|yd ilS%hj ∞hl ùug o yelshdj ,efí'
^Y%S ,xld uy nexl= jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2015" úfYaI
igyk 02 ( zY%S ,xldfõ o˙ø;djh" wd∞hï úIu;dj
iy <ud fmdaIK W!k;d iïnkaOfhka jk
iudc-wdr®:ßl wNsfhda.Z n,kak&
 wdr®:ßl" ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" b†˙ ±lau iy m%;sm;a;s
by; i|yka l< lreKq o we;=<;aj Y%S ,xld
wdr®:ßlh uqyqK ° we;s jHqyd;aul wNsfhda. ms<sn|j
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j miq.sh jdr®Isl jdr®;d u.ska
fukau rch fj; b†˙m;a lrk ,o jdr®;d u.ska
wjOdrKh lr we;s w;r" wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIKj,
kshef<kakka iy wka;r®cd;sl ixjr®Ok ksfhda‚;
wdh;k úiska o úúO wjia:dj, ° wjOdrKh lr
we;' rdcH uQ,H ldr®hidOkh jeä†hqKq ls¯u iy
b†˙ ±laulska hq;= uqo,a m%;sm;a;s fufyhqï Tiafia
1
idr®j wdr®:ßl uQ,Or®u Yla;su;a lrñka" fuu
jHqyd;aul .egÆ i|yd mqΩ,a uyck tlÛ;djlg
wkqj fkdmudj úi∫ï fiúh hq;= w;r" wdr®:ßlh
;sridr yd wdr®:ßl jr®Okfha m%;s,dN ishÆ
mqrjeishka fj; .,dhk jr®Ok udj;l .uka
ls¯fï ° fujeks w;HjYH m%;sixialrK is≥ ls¯u
;j≥rg;a m%udo ls¯u is≥ fkdl< hq;=h'
45
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

46

2'1 iuia; ksÍlaIK
2 016 jifr®° YS% ,xld wdr®:ßlh" 2015 jifr®
° jdr®;d l< ishhg 4'8 l jr®Okhg
idfmalaIj foaYSh fukau úfoaYSh jYfhka jQ
wNsfhda. uOHfha ishhg 4'4 lska jr®Okh úh'
foaYSh jYfhka .;a l," rcfha uyd m˙udK
há;, myiqlï ixjr®Ok jHdmD;s lsysmhla
kej; wdrïN ls¯u fukau wdfhdack lghq;=
i|yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha ∞hl;ajh o wdr®:ßl
jr®Okh flfrys ∞hl úh' flfia jqjo" rdcH
uQ,H tald.%;djhg w∞<j úfYaIfhkau rcfha
wd∞hu jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd .kakd ,o ls%hdudr®.
wLKavj ls%hd;aul ls¯u" iemhqï wjysr;d iy
n≥ m%;sm;a;s fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® wjidk
Nd.fha ° meje;s by< WoaOuk jd;djrKh"
uy nexl=fõ ±ä uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ia:djrh fukau
jir mqrdu meje;s wys;lr ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajhka o
wdr®:ßl jr®Okh ukao.dó ùu flfrys fya;=úh'
;jo" YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska is≥lrkq ,nk
jHdmd˙l iólaIKj,g m%;spdr olajkakka úiska
i|yka lrk ,o m˙† by< jr®Ok fõ.hla mj;ajd
.ekSug uQ,sl ndOdjla jQ 2016 jifr® wdrïNl
ld,iSudfõ ° m%;sm;a;sj, meje;s wia:ßrNdjh
fya;=fjka yg.;a wúksYaÑ;;djh o iuia; wdr®:ßl
lghq;= flfrys n,mEï we;s lrk ,°' tfukau
fuu iólaIKj,g m%;spdr olajkakka úiska
wjOdrKh l< m˙† mqyqKq Y%ñl ysÛh fukau
ldka;d Y%u n,ld iyNd.s;aj wkqmd;slh my<
hEu jeks jHqyd;aul wjysr;d o wdr®:ßl lghq;=j,
wLKav jr®Okh flfrys n,mEï we;s lrñka mj;S'
úfoaYSh jYfhka .;a l," f.da,Sh wdr®:ßl jr®Okh
wvq uÜgul meje;Su" cd;Hka;r fj<| lghq;=j,
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou
2
iy wdodhu
wvq jr®Okhla meje;Su" tlai;a ckmofha fmd,S
wkqmd;sl by< kexùu fukau 2016 jir ;=< °
wkfmalaIs; f.da,Sh wdr®:ßl iy foaYmd,ksl
;;aa;ajhka fya;=fjka mek ke`.=Kq m%;sm;a;sj,
wia:ßrNdjh o úfoaYSh b,aÆfuys wfmalaIs; jr®Okh
flfrys wys;lr f,i n,mdk ,°'
ksIamdok wxYh ie,l+ úg" 2016 jir ;=< °
meje;s wys;lr ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajhkaf.a n,mEu
fya;=fjka lDIsldr®ñl lghq;=j, my; jeàula
olakg ,enqKq w;r lr®udka; iy fiajd lghq;=j,
jr®Okh iuia; wdr®:ßl jr®Okh flfrys m%Odk
jYfhka ∞hl úh' wdr®:ßl jr®Okh i|yd jeäu
∞hl;ajhla olajk fiajd wdY%s; lghq;=j,
jr®Okh i|yd uQ,H fiajd wdY%s; ls%hdldrlï
fukau m%jdyk fiajdjkays jr®Okh o m%Odk
jYfhka fya;= úh' fï w;r" b†ls¯ï iy m;,a
yd le”ï lghq;=j, olakg ,enqKq by< jr®Okh"
lr®udka; lghq;=j, ie,lsh hq;= jr®Okh
i|yd fnfyúka bjy,a úh' wys;lr ld,.=◊l
;;a;ajhka fukau reishdj iy we;eï ueofmr†.
rgj,a jeks YS% ,xldfõ m%Odk lDIsldr®ñl wmkhk
fj<| mdr®Yajldr rgj, meje;s wvq ñ, uÜgï iy
wvq b,aÆu o lDIsldr®ñl lghq;=j, my; jeàu
flfrys fya;= úh'
úhoï m%fõYfha weia;fïka;=j,g wkqj"
kdñl fukau uQr®; jYfhka o wdfhdackj, olakg
,enqKq jr®Okh iuia; wdr®:ßl jr®Okh flfrys
fnfyúka bjy,a úh' rcfha há;, myiqlï
ixjr®Ok jHdmD;s fukau ta yd iu.dój b†ls¯ï
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

lghq;= i|yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha ∞hl;ajh by<
hEu o fya;=fjka olakg ,enqKq b†ls¯ï lghq;=j,
m%idrKh" wdfhdackj, jr®Okh by< hEug
fya;= úh' fï w;r" fmd,S wkqmd;sl iy n≥ by<
kexùu" m˙fNdack NdKav wdkhk ñ, .Kka
by< hEu fukau foaYSh uqo,a tallfhys w.h
ms˙ySu o fya;=fjka fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdack úhou
ukao.dó úh' tfukau" rdcH uQ,H tald.%;djhg
w∞<j .kakd ,o l%shdudr®. fya;=fjka rcfha
m˙fNdack úhofuys o my< hEula olakg ,enq◊'
;jo" m%Odk jYfhka wmkhkj,g idfmalaIj
wdkhk m%udKd;aulj by< hEu fya;=fjka
Y=oaO úfoaYSh b,aÆu 2016 jir ;=< ° my;
jegq◊' wdfhdack lghq;=j, jr®Okh;a iu.u

2 2'1 ixLHd igyk

l¾udka; uQ,h wkqj o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h ^w&^we&
^2010 ia:djr ñ, wkqj&

o'foa'ks' ys
fjkiaùfï o'foa'ks g ∞hl;ajh
wdr®:ßl lghq;= wkqmd;h ^]&
fjkiaùfï
^]&
∞hl;ajh ^]&
2015^wd& 2016 2015^wd& 2016 2015^wd& 2016
lDIslr®udka;h" jk j.dj yd ëjr lr®udka;h 4.8 - 4.2 7.6 - 7.4 7.8 7.1
OdkH j.dj ^ù yer& 7.3 - 10.5 0.3 - 0.4 0.2 0.1
ù j.dj 25.0 - 31.0 3.8 - 6.2 0.9 0.6
t<jΩ j.dj 2.7 - 2.1 0.4 - 0.3 0.7 0.6
Wla j.dj" ≥ïfld< j.dj iy fjk;a nyqjdr®Isl fkdjk fNda. - 15.0 13.4 - 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0
m,;=re j.dj 17.5 - 3.7 1.8 - 0.5 0.6 0.5
f;,a iys; m,;=re fNda. j.dj ^fmd,a" ;eô,s iy Ths,a µdï j.dj& 5.2 - 0.6 0.8 - 0.1 0.8 0.7
f;a j.dj - 2.6 - 11.2 - 0.5 - 2.1 0.8 0.7
fjk;a mdkSh fNda. j.djka ^fldams" fldfldajd wd°& - 18.1 7.5 - 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
l=Ωnvq" iqj| fok fNda." fnfy;a iy T!Iëh me<Eá j.dj 6.9 6.4 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.7
rnr® j.dj - 10.1 - 10.7 - 0.7 - 0.7 0.3 0.3
fjk;a nyqjdr®Isl fNda. j.dj 9.3 - 2.2 0.4 - 0.1 0.2 0.2
ls˙" ì;a;r" uia iy fjk;a i;a;aj ksIamdokhka 8.1 6.3 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.6
me, fndals¯u iy lDIsldr®ñl ^by;ska i|yka& lghq;= i|yd jk
wdOdrl ldr®hhka 6.7 - 4.7 0.2 - 0.1 0.1 0.1
jk j.dj" .ia lemSu yd jkdka;r wdY%s; ksIamdok 1.9 5.5 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.6
ëjr lr®udka;h - 2.6 1.6 - 0.8 0.5 1.4 1.3
lr®udka; 2.1 6.7 11.5 40.1 26.2 26.8
m;,a yd le”ï lr®udka;h - 5.2 14.4 - 2.6 7.3 2.2 2.4
ksIamdok lr®udka; 4.9 1.7 16.0 6.3 15.7 15.4
ú≥,sh" .Eia" jdIam yd jdhq iólrK iemhSu 5.9 8.4 1.2 1.9 1.0 1.0
c,h ms˙is≥ ls¯u iy fn∞ye¯u 4.4 7.9 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1
u,dmjyk lghq;=" li, l<ukdlrKh iy tu øjH m%;spl%ShlrKh 24.9 17.8 1.1 1.0 0.3 0.3
b†ls¯ï lr®udka;h iy tu fiajdjka - 2.7 14.9 - 4.2 23.4 6.9 7.6
fiajdjka 5.7 4.2 66.5 54.0 56.6 56.5
fj<πu" m%jdyk fiajdjka" kjd;eka iemhSu iy wdydrmdk
iemhSfï fiajdjka 4.8 3.4 23.1 17.9 23.1 22.9
f;dr;=re iy ikaksfõok lghq;= ms<sn| fiajdjka 10.9 8.0 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.6
uQ,H" rlaIKh yd ksjdi whs;sh iy foam< fj<πu 13.3 8.4 31.3 23.5 12.3 12.8
jD;a;Shuh fiajdjka iy fjk;a fm!oa.,sl fiajdjka 1.8 0.7 4.5 1.8 11.9 11.4
rdcH m˙md,kh" cd;sl wdrlaIdj" wOHdmkh" fi!LH iy iudc
wdrlaIK fiajdjka 3.6 4.9 6.5 9.7 8.7 8.7
uQ,sl ñ, .Kka wkqj iuia; tl;= l< w.h 4.6 4.2 85.7 86.6 90.6 90.4
NdKav yd fiajd u; wh flfrk n≥ - iykdOdr 7.5 6.2 14.3 13.4 9.4 9.6
fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj o< foaYSh ksIamd†;h ^o'foa'ks'& 4.8 4.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
úfoaYSh Y=oaO m%d:ñl wd∞hu - 18.1 - 14.0
fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj o< cd;sl wd∞hu 4.5 4.1
^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl

48

wka;r® NdKav fukau wdfhdack NdKav wdkhk
úhou by< hEu iuia; wdkhk jr®Okh ùu
flfrys fnfyúka fya;= úh' wmkhk kdñl
jYfhka jr®Okh jqjo" th wdkhkj, jr®Okh
;=<ska we;s jQ n,mEu iukh ls¯ug ;rï m%udKj;a
fkdùu fya;=fjka Y=oaO úfoaYSh b,aÆu ≥r®j, úh'
uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh l%ufhka ±ä ls¯u;a iu.u
fm!oa.,sl b;=reïj, jr®Okh fukau" rdcH
ksr®-b;=reïj, my< hEfuys m%;sM,hla f,i foaYSh
b;=reï ie,lsh hq;= f,i jr®Okh úh' ;jo" úfoaY
fiajd kshqla;slhkaf.a fma%IK by< hEu fya;=fjka
úfoaYSh Y=oaO cx.u ixl%du ie,lsh hq;= f,i
wLKavj jr®Okh ùu yd iu.dój cd;sl b;=reï
jr®Okh úh' fï w;r" úfoaYSh Y=oaO m%d:ñl wd∞hu
fmr jirg idfmalaIj wvq fõ.hlska fuu jir
;=< ° my; jegq◊' ta wkqj" 2015 jirg idfmalaIj
cd;sl b;=reï 2016 jir ;=< by< jr®Okhla jdr®;d
lrk ,o w;r th o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i o
by< .sfhah' flfia jqjo" wdfhdack ie,lsh hq;=
f,i jeä ùu fya;=fjka b;=reï-wdfhdack mr;rh
miq.sh jirg idfmalaIj iqΩ jYfhka jr®Okh úh'
fï w;r" wd∞hï m%fõYh hgf;a" o< fufyhqï
w;s˙la;h 2016 jifr® ° o wdr®:ßlfha wd∞hu
ckkh lrkq ,nk m%Odk;u ixrplh f,i
meje;s w;r .Dy tall wxYh wd∞hu i|yd jeäu
∞hl;ajh olajk ,o wdh;ksl wxYh úh'
2'2 o'foa'ks'" tal mqoa., o'foa'ks' iy o< cd;sl
wdodhu ^o'cd'wd'&
2016 jifr® ° mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ,
wkqj o'foa'ks'" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< remsh,a
ì,shk 10"951'7 ^t'c'fvd,r® ì,shk 80'6& l w.hg
idfmalaIj remsh,a ì,shk 11"839'0 ^t'c'fvd,r®
ì,shk 81'3& la f,i weia;fïka;= lr we;' ta wkqj"
2016 jifr® ° o'foa'ks'" 2015 jifr® ° kdñl jYfhka
jdr®;d l< ishhg 5'7 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj
ishhg 8'1 lska jr®Okh úh' kdñl jYfhka jQ
fuu jr®Okh flfrys 2015 jifr® ° ishhg 0'8 la jQ
o'foa'ks' .uH ñ, wjOuklh 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 3'6 la olajd by< hEu uQ,sl jYfhka fya;=
úh' fï w;r" 2016 jifr® ° o'foa'ks' uQr®; jYfhka"
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< remsh,a ì,shk 8"633'9 l
w.hg idfmalaIj remsh,a ì,shk 9"012'0 la úh'
fï wkqj" 2016 jifr® ° o'foa'ks'ys uQr®; jákdlu"
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 4'8 l jr®Okhg
idfmalaIj ishhg 4'4 lska jr®Okh úh'
cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu
2'1 rEm igyk
jd¾Isl j¾Ok wkqmd;slh ^w&
12
10
8
6
ishhg
2
2
0
-2
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
-4
-6
lDIsldr®ñl ldr®ñl fiajd o'foa'ks'
^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï
jr®Ih hgf;a ksl;
= a lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
2016 jifr® ° tal mqoa., o'foa'ks'" 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d l< remsh,a 522"355 g idfmalaIj remsh,a
558"363 la f,i weia;fïka;= lr we;' ta wkqj"
m%Odk jYfhka o'foa'ks'ys kdñl jákdlfuys is≥ jQ
jr®Okh fya;=fldg f.k 2016 jifr® ° tal mqoa.,
o'foa'ks'" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 4'7 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg 6'9 l jr®Okhla jdr®;d
lrk ,°' flfia jqjo" tlai;a ckmo fvd,r® w.h
wkqj .Kkh ls¯fï ° 2015 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r®
3"843 la jQ tal mqoa., o'foa'ks' 2016 jifr® ° t'c'
fvd,r® 3"835 olajd my; jegq◊' t'c' fvd,rhg
idfmalaIj foaYSh uqo,a tallfhys w.h ms˙ySu fï
i|yd m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh'
o'foa'ks'g úfoaYSh Y=oaO m%d:ñl wd∞hu .e,mSu
u.ska weia;fïka;= lrkq ,nk o'cd'wd' 2016
jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 11"506'2 olajd ishhg 7'8 lska
kdñl jYfhka jr®Okh jQ w;r th 2015 jifr® °
ishhg 5'4 l jr®Okhla jdr®;d lrk ,°' o'foa'ks'ys
kdñl jr®Okh 2016 jir ;=< by< hEu fukau
úfoaYSh Y=oaO m%d:ñl wd∞hu 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d
l< ishhg 19'2 l my; jeàug idfmalaIj 2016
jifr® ° ishhg 18'3 la f,i wvq fõ.hlska my;
jeàu o o'cd'wd'ys olakg ,enqKq jr®Okh i|yd
m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh'
2'3 wdh;ksl wxYhkays odhl;ajh
wdr®:ßl lghq;= wdh;ksl wxY jr®.SlrKhg
wkqj ie,lSfï ° .Dy tall iy ,dN wfmalaIdfjka
f;drj .Dy tall i|yd fiajh i,ik wdh;k
wxYh wdr®:ßlfha iuia; tl;= l< w.h i|yd
m%Odk;u ∞hl;ajh ;j≥rg;a imhk ,°'
49
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

2'2 ixLHd igyk

mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, hgf;a wdh;ksl wxY wkqj iuia; tl;= l< w.h ^w&^we&

m%;sY;l ∞hl;ajh ^]&

2015 ^wd& 2016
.Dy tall .Dy tall
whs;uh uQ,H uQ,H
uQ,H rdcH yd ,d' f;d' uQ,H rdcH yd ,d' f;d'
fkdjk fkdjk
wxYh wxYh .D' fia' wd'* wxYh wxYh .D' fia' wd'*
wxYh wxYh
wxYh wxYh

2
lDIslr®udka;h 16.9 - - 83.1 18.6 - - 81.4
lr®udka; 60.4 - 4.3 35.3 61.1 - 2.2 36.6
fiajdjka 23.8 7.0 15.3 53.9 23.9 7.6 15.1 53.4
uQ,sl ñ, .Kka wkqj iuia; tl;= l< w.h 34.0 4.3 10.7 51.0 34.5 4.7 10.1 50.7

^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o o'foa'ks' uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl
* ,dN wfmalaIdfjka f;drj .Dy tall i|yd fiajh i,ik wdh;k

ta wkqj" .Dy tall iy ,dN wfmalaIdfjka
f;drj .Dy tall i|yd fiajh i,ik
wdh;k wxYh 2016 jifr® ° mj;akd fj<|fmd<
ñ, wkqj wdr®:ßlfhys iuia; tl;= l< w.fhka
ishhg 50'7 lg ∞hl;ajh olajk ,°' ;jo" 2016
jifr® ° .Dy tall iy ,dN wfmalaIdfjka f;drj
.Dy tall i|yd fiajh i,ik wdh;k wxYfhys
iuia; tl;= l< w.h" kdñl jYfhka 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d l< ishhg 5'4 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj
ishhg 6'2 lska jr®Okh úh' fï w;r;=r °" uQ,H
fkdjk wdh;k wxYh 2016 jifr® ° o wdr®:ßlfha
fojk úYd,;u wxYh njg m;afjñka iuia;
tl;= l< w.fhka ishhg 34'5 lg ∞hl;ajh
,nd fok ,°' ;jo" uQ,H fkdjk wdh;k
wxYh 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 1'4 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 8'3 l
ie,lsh hq;= jr®Okhla jdr®;d lrk ,°' fï w;r"
wdr®:ßl lghq;= i|yd rcfha ∞hl;ajh ms<sìUq
lrkq ,nk rdcH wxYh 2016 jifr® ° wdr®:ßlfha
iuia; tl;= l< w.fhka ishhg 10'1 lg
∞hl;ajh olajñka ishhg 0'2 lska iqΩ jYfhka
jr®Okh úh' ;jo" uQ,H wdh;k wxYfhys tl;=
l< w.h 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 3'5 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 17'3 lska
jr®Okh úh' fuu wxYh wdr®:ßlfha iuia; tl;=
l< w.fhka ishhg 4'7 lg ∞hl;ajh olajk ,°'
wdr®:ßlfha lDIsldr®ñl iy fiajd lghq;=j,
iuia; tl;= l< w.h i|yd m%uqL;u ∞hl;ajh
.Dy tall iy ,dN wfmalaIdfjka f;drj .Dy
tall i|yd fiajh i,ik wdh;k wxYh úiska
imhd we;s w;r uQ,H fkdjk wdh;k wxYh úiska
lr®udka; lghq;= i|yd m%Odk;u ∞hl;ajh olajd
we;' ta wkqj" 2016 jifr® ° .Dy tall iy ,dN
wfmalaIdfjka f;drj .Dy tall i|yd fiajh
i,ik wdh;k wxYh lDIsldr®ñl lghq;=j,
iuia; tl;= l< w.fhka ishhg 81'4 lg
∞hl;ajh ±lajQ w;r uQ,H fkdjk wdh;k wxYh
fiiq ishhg 18'6 i|yd ∞hl ù we;' lDIsldr®ñl
lghq;= w;˙ka" ëjr lr®udka;h" t<jΩ j.dj"
l=Ωnvq fNda. j.dj iy ù j.dj i|yd .Dy tall
iy ,dN wfmalaIdfjka f;drj .Dy tall i|yd
fiajh i,ik wdh;k wxYh nyq, jYfhka ∞hl ù
we;' fï w;r" uQ,H fkdjk wdh;k wxYh úiska
i;a;aj ksIamdokh iy f;a j.dj i|yd jeä
jYfhka ∞hl ù we;' lr®udka; lghq;= ie,lSfï °"
2016 jifr® ° tys iuia; tl;= l< w.fhka
ishhg 61'1 lg uQ,H fkdjk wdh;k wxYh
∞hl ù we;s w;r ishhg 36'6 la i|yd .Dy tall
iy ,dN wfmalaIdfjka f;drj .Dy tall i|yd
fiajh i,ik wdh;k wxYh o ishhg 2'2 la
i|yd rdcH wxYh o ish ∞hl;ajh olajd we;'
lr®udka; lghq;= w;˙ka ksIamdok lr®udka;
i|yd uQ,H fkdjk wdh;k wxYh úiska by<u
∞hl;ajh olajd we;' .Dy tall iy ,dN
wfmalaIdfjka f;drj .Dy tall i|yd fiajh
i,ik wdh;k wxYh ksIamdok lr®udka; i|yd
fojeks úYd,;u ∞hl;ajh olajd we;' fuys °
lr®udka; lghq;= i|yd rdcH wxYfhys ∞hl;ajh
±lsh yels jkqfha b†ls¯ï lghq;= i|yd fõ'
fï w;r;=r °" fiajd lghq;=j, iuia; tl;= l<
w.h i|yd isõ wxYhu ∞hl ù we;' fuys° .Dy
tall iy ,dN wfmalaIdfjka f;drj .Dy tall
i|yd fiajh i,ik wdh;k wxYh ishhg 53'4 la
f,i m%uqL ∞hl;ajhla ±lajQ w;r uQ,H fkdjk
wdh;k wxYh ishhg 23'9 la i|yd o rdcH wxYh
ishhg 15'1 la i|yd o uQ,H wdh;k wxYh ishhg
7'6 la i|yd o ∞hl ù we;' ;jo" m%jdyk fiajd

50
 cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu

iy fjk;a fm!oa.,sl fiajdjka i|yd .Dy tall 2'3 ixLHd igyk

iy ,dN wfmalaIdfjka f;drj .Dy tall i|yd lDIsl¾udka; ksIamdok o¾Yl
^2007-2010 } 100&
fiajh i,ik wdh;k wxYh ish by<u ∞hl;ajh
olajd we;s w;r uQ,H fkdjk wdh;k wxYh f;d. 2015 2016 jr®Ok fõ.h ^]&
whs;uh
yd is,a,r fj<πï lghq;= iy m%jdyk fiajdjka ^w& ^wd& 2014$15 ^w& 2015$16 ^wd&
i|yd jeä jYfhka ∞hl jkq olakg ,enq◊' fï
lDIsldr®ñl iy u;aiH 127.3 124.2 4.4 -2.4
w;r;=r °" uQ,H wdh;k wxYh úiska uQ,H iy 1' lDIsldr®ñl 121.2 116.9 5.3 -3.5
rlaIK fiajdjka i|yd jeä jYfhka ∞hl ù we;s

2
1'1 lDIsldr®ñl fNda. 117.8 111.9 4.3 -5.0
w;r rdcH wxYh m%Odk jYfhka rdcH m˙md,kh" ù 128.9 118.2 4.3 -8.3
f;a 105.5 93.9 -3.3 -11.0
cd;sl wdrlaIdj iy iudc wdrlaIKh i|yd ish rnr® 66.0 59.0 -32.1 -10.6
by< u ∞hl;ajh olajd we;' fmd,a 107.9 106.3 21.6 -1.5
wfkl=;a fNda. 140.7 140.8 12.3 0.1
t<jΩ 136.1 141.2 0.7 3.7
2'4 ksuejqu" m%;sm;a;s" wdh;ksl myiqlï iy m,;=re 152.8 145.8 33.4 -4.6
.eg¨ wfkl=;a fCIa;%
fNda. 144.6 138.5 11.6 -4.2
1'2 mY= iïm;a 147.2 154.6 11.4 5.0
lDIsl¾udka;h
2' u;aiH 155.9 159.1 1.4 2.1
2016 jifr® ° lDIsldr®ñl lghq;=j, tl;= ^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
l< w.h" 2015 jifr® ° w;alr .;a ishhg 4'8 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg 4'2 lska my; jegq◊' jr®Okh yd iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® ° iuia;hla f,i
úfYaIfhkau jifr® fojk ldr®;=fõ ° meje;s ishhg 2'4 lska my; jegq◊' lDIsldr®ñl ksIamdok
.xj;=r iys; ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajh fukau j˙kajr or®Ylfha Wm or®Yl jQ ù" f;a" rnr®" fmd,a iy
meje;s úh<s ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajhka jeks jir mqrdu wfkl=;a fNda. ^m,;=re iy fjk;a lafIa;% fNda.&
meje;s whym;a ld,.=◊l jd;djrKh lDIsldr®ñl yd iïnkaO or®Yl miq.sh jirg idfmalaIj my;
lghq;= wvd, ùug m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' jegqKq w;r" wfkl=;a fNda. Wm or®Ylh hgf;a jQ
ta wkqj" ù" f;a" rnr® iy m,;=re j.djkays tl;= t<jΩ Wm wxYh miq.sh jirg idfmalaIj
l< w.h my; jeàu lDIsldr®ñl lghq;=j, by< .sfhah' jir ;=< ° mY= iïm;a wxYfha
jr®Okh my; jeàu i|yd m%Odk f,i fya;= jQ l%shdldrlï ie,lsh hq;= f,i jr®Okh jqj o"
w;ru OdkH j.dj" t<jΩ j.dj" f;,a iys; lDIsldr®ñl ksIamdok or®Ylh u.ska fmkakqï
m,;=re fNda. j.dj fukau me, fnda ls¯u iy flfrk wdldrhg tu wxYfha jr®Okh 2015 jirg
lDIsldr®ñl lghq;= i|yd jk wdOdrl ldr®hhka ys jvd ukao.dó úh' miq.sh jifr® ° fukau" 2016
tl;= l< w.h o jir ;=< ° my; jegq◊' tfia jifr® ° o ëjr lghq;= iqΩ jr®Okhla muKla
jqjo" lDIsldr®ñl lghq;=j, my; jeàu hï fmkakqï lf<ah'
muKlg iukh lrñka i;a;aj ksIamdokh" jk
j.dj" ëjr lr®udka;h" Wla j.dj iy fjk;a ù
mdkSh fNda. j.dj jir ;=< ° ys;lr f,i jr®Okh
ù ksIamdokh" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ by<u
úh' lDIsldr®ñl lghq;=j, olakg ,enqKq fuu wiajekafkka miq 2016 jifr® ° fuá%la fgdka
ukao.dñ;ajh YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ldr®;=uh ñ,shk 4'4 la olajd ishhg 8'3 lska my; jegq◊'
jYfhka mj;ajkq ,nk jHdmdr wfmalaId ms<sn| wiajekak fk<d .kakd ,o Y=oaO ìï m%udKh
iólaIKfhys lDIsldr®ñl wxYhg w∞< Wm or®Yl fylaghdr 1"010"989 la olajd ishhg 7'1 lska my<
u.ska o ms<sìUq úh' ta wkqj" jHdmdr ;;a;ajh" .sh w;r" 2015 jifr® ° fylaghdrhlg lsf,da.%Eï
b,aÆu" ksIamdokh iy úl=Kqï hk Wm or®Ylj, 4"428 la jQ ù M,∞j o 2016 jifr® ° fylaghdrhlg
jdr®Isl idudkHh tys lvbï uÜgug jvd my< lsf,da.%Eï 4"372 la olajd my; jegq◊' fuh"
uÜgul meje;=◊' 2015$16 uy lkakh ;=< ù ksIamdokfha by< hEfï
iy 2016 h, lkakh ;=< ù ksIamdokfha my<
lDIsld¾ñl ksIamdok o¾Ylh
hEfï taldnoaO m%;sM,hls' 2015$16 uy lkakfha
lDIsldr®ñl yd u;aiH wxYfha ksuejqfuys ù ksIamdokh fuá%la fgdka ñ,shk 2'9 la olajd
fjkiaùu ukskq ,nk lDIsldr®ñl ksIamdok miq.sh uy lkakhg jvd ishhg 0'9 lska by<
or®Ylh" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ ishhg 4'4 l iuia; .sfhah' 2015 jir w. Nd.fha ° mej;s ys;lr

51
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

2'4 ixLHd igyk

ù j.d wxYh ms<sn| ixLHdk

2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&

whs;uh tallh
uy h, tl;=j uy h, tl;=j
jmqrk ,o o< ìï m%udKh fylaghdr oyia 773 481 1,254 756 358 1,114
wiajekak fk<d.kakd ,o o< ìï m%udKh fylaghdr oyia 735 476 1,211 743 380 1,123
wiajekak fk<d.kakd ,o Y=oO
a ìï m%udKh fylaghdr oyia 659 429 1,088 667 344 1,011

2
ksIm
a dokh fu'fgd'oyia 2,877 1,942 4,819 2,903 1,517 4,420
nqi,a oyia 137,882 93,091 230,973 139,114 72,722 211,836
idudkH M,∞j ^we& fylaghdrhg ls'.%E' 4,364 4,527 4,429 4,349 4,417 4,372
fok ,o Kh m%udKh remsh,a ñ,shk 3,261 2,321 5,582 3,401 2,450 5,851
iy,a wdkhkh fu'fgd'oyia - - 286 - - 30
iy,a wdkhkhg iudk ù m%udKh fu'fgd'oyia - - 409 - - 43
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& ;djld,sl YS% ,xld fr®.=j
^we& wiajkq lemSfï ióCIKhkaf.ka /ial< o;a; u; mokïj ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ilia lrk ,o ixLHd f;dr;=re Wmfhda.S lrf.k uy iy h, lkak i|yd jQ
fylaghdrhl M,∞j .Kkh lr we;' uqΩ ksIamdokh wiajekak fk,d.kakd ,o Y=oaO ìï m%udKfhka
fn°fuka fylaghdrhl jdr®Isl idudkH M,∞j .Kkh flfr®'

jr®Idm;k ;;a;ajh;a" ù j.d lrk m%Odk m%foaYj,
wiajekak fk<d .kakd ,o ìï m%udKfhys by<
hEu;a uy lkakfha ù ksIamdokh by< hEug
fya;= úh' 2015$16 uy lkakfha ° wiajekak fk<d
.kakd ,o ìï m%udKh fylaghdr 667"483 la
olajd ishhg 1'2 lska iqΩ jYfhka jr®Okh úh'
flfia jqj o" ù j.d lrk m%foaY lsysmhl we;s jQ
iq≥ mq,a,s frda.h iy fld< yels<Sfï frda.h
fya;=fjka 2015$16 uy lkakfha ù M,∞j" fmr
jifr® uy lkakfha jdr®;d l< fylaghdrhlg
lsf,da.%Eï 4"364 isg fylaghdrhlg lsf,da.%Eï
4"349 la olajd ishhg 0'3 lska iqΩ jYfhka wvq úh'
fï w;r" jifr® fojk ldr®;=fõ yg.;a ±ä
l=Kdgq ;;a;ajh ksid we;s jQ .xj;=r yd kdhhEï
fya;=fjka 2016 h, lkakfha ù ksIamdokh" 2015
h, lkakhg idfmalaIj fuá%la fgdka ñ,shk 1'5 la
olajd ishhg 21'9 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i my;
jegqKq w;r" fuu ;;a;ajh ù j.d lrk m%Odk
m%foaYj, h, lkakfha ù j.d ls¯u m%udo ùug;a"
kej; j.d ls¯fï ;;a;ajhl wjYH;djla we;s
ls¯ug;a fya;= úh' tyss m%;sM,hla f,i" 2016 h,
lkakfha wiajekak fk<d .kakd ,o ìï m%udKh
fylaghdr 343"506 la olajd ishhg 20'0 lska úYd,
f,i wvq úh' 2015 h, lkakfha fylaghdrhlg
lsf,da.%Eï 4"527 la jQ ù M,∞j 2016 h, lkakfha °
fylaghdrhlg lsf,da.%Eï 4"417 olajd ishhg 2'4 lska
wvq úh' 2016 jir ;=, uy iy h, lkak foflys ° u
ksIamdokh l< ù m%udKh iy,a fuá%la fgdka
ñ,shk 2'8 lg iudk jQ w;r" th o< jYfhka
udi 14 l foaYSh iy,a m˙fNdack wjYH;dj i|yd
m%udKj;a jkq we;ehs weia;fïka;= lr we;'
ù iemhqu by< hEu;a" ù ñ,° .ekSu i|yd jQ
iy;sl ñ, wvq ls¯u;a fya;=fjka 2016 jir m<uq
Nd.fha ° újD; fjf<|fmdf<ys ù ñ, .Kka my<
uÜgul mej;=◊' foaYSh fj<|fmd< ;=< iy,a
ñ, .Kka ia:djrj mj;ajd .ekSfï wruq◊ka"
2016 whjeh u.ska fhdackd l< m˙† ù i|yd jQ
iy;sl l< .ekqï ñ, wvq fl˙◊' lS˙ iïnd ù
i|yd iy;sl l< .ekqï ñ, lsf,da.%Euhlg remsh,a
50'00 la f,i fkdfjkiaj mej;s w;r" iïnd ù
m%fNao i|yd iy;sl l< .ekqï ñ, lsf,da.%Euhlg
remsh,a 50'00 isg lsf,da.%Euhlg remsh,a 41'00 la
olajd o" kdvq ù lsf,da.%Euhl iy;sl .ekqï ñ,
remsh,a 45'00 isg remsh,a 38'00 la olajd o my;
ouk ,°' flfia fj;;a" 2016 jifr® h, lkakfha
ù ksIamdokfhys is≥ jQ wvq ùu fya;=fjka ù iemhqu
iSudiys; úu ksid m%Odk jYfhka ù j.d lrk
fndfyda m%foaYhkays ishÆu ù m%fNaoj, ñ, 2016
jir w. Nd.fha ° l%ufhka jeä úh' ù ñ, by<
hEug wkql+,j" jeä jYfhka m˙fNdackh lrk
iïnd iy kdvq iy,aj, idudkH is,a,r ñ," 2016
jifr® ° ms<sfj<ska ishhg 1'7 lska iy ishhg 2'0 lska
by< .sfhah'
2015 iy 2016 jirj, ° iy,a wdkhkh
i|yd mkjk ,o n≥ by< hEu iy 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d jQ by< ù wiajekak fya;= fldg f.k
meje;s iy,a f;d. by< hEug wkql+,j" 2016
jifr® ° iy,a wdkhkh YS>% f,i my; jegq◊'
iy,a wdkhkh u; jQ úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao
by< kexùug m%;spdrhla jYfhka 2015 fojk
ldr®;=fjys isg wdkhkh flreKq iy,a m%udKh
my< hEu werUqKq w;r" fuu m%jK;djh 2016

52

2'2 rEm igyk
iy,a( iemhqu iy b,a¨u
3,600
3,200
m%udKh ^fuá%la fgdka oyia&
2,800
2,400
2,000
1,600
1,200
800
400
0 0
2012 2013 2014
foaYSh iy,a iemhqu
uqΩ iy,a iemhqu
uqΩ iy,a b,aÆu
jifr® m<uq udi oyh ;=< o mej;=◊' iy,a
wdkhkh ;j≥rg;a iSud ls¯u ms◊i 2016
fkdjeïnr® ui 01 fjks∞ isg wdkhkh lrk
iy,a lsf,da.%Euhlg remsh,a 50'00 l fr®.= noaola"
ishhg 15'0 l tl;= l< w.h u; noaola" ishhg
7'5 l jrdh iy .=jkaf;dgqm< ixjr®Ok noaola iy
ishhg 2'0 l cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï noaola jYfhka
n≥ jr®. lsysmhlska iukaú; kj n≥ wdlD;shla
y∫kajd fok ,°' fuu ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< is≥ jQ n≥
jeäùïj, m%;sM,hla f,i 2016 jifr® ° wdkhkh
lrk ,o iy,a m%udKh" 2015 jifr® ° wdkhkh
lrk ,o fuá%la fgdka 285"604 isg fuá%la fgdka
29"524 la olajd ishhg 89'7 lska ;shqKq f,i my;
jegq◊' flfia jqj;a" 2016 jir wjidk jk úg ù
iemhqfuys we;s jQ ys`.h iy,aj, is,a,r ñ, by<
hEug fya;= jQ w;r" rch úiska wdkhkh lrk ,o
iy,a fj<|fmd<g iemhSu u.ska iy,a iemhqu jeä
lr iy,a ñ, ia:dhSj mj;ajd f.k hEug mshjr
.kakd ,°' rch úiska 2016 jifr® fkdjeïnr® ui
iy,a wdkhkh i|yd mkjk ,o n≥ 2017 ckjd˙
ui 09 jeks †k isg n,meje;afjk m˙† bj;a
fldg" ta fjkqjg wdkhkh lrk iy,a m%fNao jk
iïnd" kdvq iy r;= iy,a jr®. u; lsf,da.%Euhlg
remsh,a 15'00 l úfYaI fj<| NdKav noaola y∫kajd
fok ,°' rch úiska 2017 ckjd˙ ui 27 jeks
†k isg iy,a wdkhkh u; jQ fuu úfYaI fj<|
NdKav noao lsf,da.%Euhlg remsh,a 15'00 isg
lsf,da.%Euhlg remsh,a 5'00 olajd ;j≥rg;a wvq
lrk ,°' iy,a fj<∫ka úiska fj<|fmdf<ys
lD;%su iy,a ys`.hla ujd mEu wffOr®hu;a ls¯u
i|yd fuu mshjr y∫kajd fokq ,eì◊'
cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu
f;a
b,aÆï iy iemhqï hk idOl foflysu
90
n,mEï fya;=fldgf.k 2016 jifr® f;a
80
ksIamdokh ie,lsh hq;= f,i my< .sfhah' 2015
ñ, ^lsf,da .%Euhg remsh,a&
70
60
jifr® ° lsf,da.%Eï ñ,shk 328'8 la jQ iuia; f;a
50
ksIamdokh 2016 jifr® ° lsf,da.%Eï ñ,shk 292'6 la
olajd ishhg 11'0 lska my; jegq◊' 2016 jifr®
2
40
30 iuia; f;a ksIamdokh i|yd ishhg 63'0 l
20 ∞hl;ajhla ,nd ≥ka my;rg f;a ksIamdokh"
10 lsf,da.%Eï ñ,shk 183'6 olajd ishhg 9'3 lska my<
2015 2016 jegqKq w;r" Wvrg iy ueorg f;a ksIamdokh
iy,a i|yd jQ idudkH ms<sfj<ska lsf,da.%Eï ñ,shk 64'4 la iy lsf,da.%Eï
is,a,r ñ, ^ol=Kq wlaIh& ñ,shk 44'5 la olajd ishhg 14'6 lska iy
ù i|yd idudkH ksIamdol ñ,
^ol=Kq wlaIh& ishhg 12'7 lska wvq úh' b,aÆï iy iemhqï hk
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j idOl foflysu n,mEu fuu wvq ùug fya;= úh'
f;a j.d lrk m%foaYj, 2016 jir uq,a ld,fha
mej;s kshx ;;a;ajh" 2016 jir ueo Nd.fha °
ld,.=◊l rgdfjys we;s jQ fjkiaùï iu`. we;s jQ
wêl jr®Idm;kh iy 2016 jifr® ;=kajeks
ldr®;=fõ isg kej; we;s jQ ±ä kshx ;;a;ajh"
2016 jifr® f;a ksIamdokhg n,mE iemhqï wxYfha
idOl úh' cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<a md˙fNda.sl
NdKavj, ñ, .Kka wvq ùu iy Lksc f;,a
yd iajdNdúl jdhq yd iïnkaO wd∞hu wvq ùu
ksid f;a wmkhkh lrk m%Odk rgj, wd∞hu
wvq ùu b,aÆï wxYfhka f;a ksIamdokh i|yd
wys;lr f,i n,mE lreKq úh' fï w;r" iuia;
ksIamdokfhka ishhg 74'5 l by< ∞hl;ajhla
,nd foñka l=vd f;a j;= wxYh 2016 jifr® ° o f;a
lr®udka;fha m%Odk wxYh f,i wLKavj mej;=◊'
2016 jir mqrd fld<U f;a fjkafoaisfha
Wvrg" ueorg yd my;rg f;a ñ, .Kka 2015
jifr® mej;s ñ, .Kkaj,g jvd by< uÜgul
mej;=◊' ta wkqj" fld<U f;a fjkafoaisfha f;a
lsf,da.%Euhl idudkH ñ," fmr jifr® jdr®;d jQ
remsh,a 401'46 yd iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® °
remsh,a 473'15 olajd ishhg 17'8 lska by< .sfhah'
fld<U f;a fjkafoaisfha f;a lsf,da.%Euhl
idudkH ñf,ys by<u jeä ùu ueo rg f;a
^ishhg 17'6 lska& jdr®;d l< w;r" my; rg
f;a ñ, ^ishhg 17'4 lska& yd Wv rg f;a ñ,
^ishhg 16'5 lska& o 2016 jir ;=< ° by< .sfhah'
2015 jifr® ° lsf,da.%Euhlg t'c'fvd,r® 4'37 la jQ
idudkH wmkhk ñ, ^ke'ú'i'& o 2016 jifr® °
lsf,da.%Euhlg t'c'fvd,r® 4'39 la f,i ishhg
0'6 lska iqΩ jYfhka by< .sfhah' flfia fj;;a"
2016 jifr® ° t'c'fvd,rhg idfmalaIj Y%S ,xld
remsh, ishhg 3'8 lska wjm%udKh ùu fya;=fjka
53
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
2015 jifr® ° remsh,a 593'08 la jQ f;a lsf,da.%Euhl
wmkhk ñf,ys remsh,a w.h 2016 jifr® °
lsf,da.%Euhlg remsh,a 639'88 la olajd ishhg 7'9 lska
by< hEu ;=<ska foaYSh f;a wmkhklrejkag
jdis∞hl ;;a;ajhla ysñ úh' l=vd f;aj;= ysñhkag
f;a oÆ lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd ,enqKq idudkH ñ,"
2015 jifr® ° mej;s lsf,da.%Euhlg remsh,a 58'80
2
isg 2016 jifr® ° lsf,da.%Euhlg remsh,a 68'53
olajd by< .sfhah' úfoaYSh fj<|fmd< ;;a;ajhka
hym;a w;g yereK o" foaYSh f;a iemhqfuys
mj;sk wkuH;djh iy by< hk ksIamdok úhou
hkd†h foaYSh f;a lr®udka;hg mQr®K m%;s,dN w;a
lr .ekSu iïnkaOfhka 2017 jifr®° wNsfhda.hla
úh yelsh'
rn¾
m%Odk jYfhka l=vd j;= wxYh fj; ,enqKq
wvq ñ, .Kka i`oyd m%;spdr olajñka rnr® ls˙
lmk ìï m%udKh fukau ls˙ lmk †k .Kk
wvqùu fya;=fjka 2016 jifr®° rnr® ksIamdok wvq
úh' lsf,da.%Eï ñ,shk 79'1 la olajd ishhg 10'7 lska
my; jegqKq 2016 jifr® rnr® ksIamdokh" miq.sh
jir 50 we;=<; jdr®;d jQ wju ksIamdok Od˙;dj úh'
iuia; rnr® ksIamdokfhka ishhg 50'0 lg muK
∞hl jk ISÜ rnr® ksIamdokh 2016 jifr® °
lsf,da.%Eï ñ,shk 39'8 la olajd ishhg 10'4 lska
my; jegqKq w;r" fl%ama rnr® ksIamdokh lsf,da.%Eï
ñ,shk 15'0 la olajd ishhg 35'1 l by< hEula o"
wfkl=;a ldKavj, rnr® ksIamdokh lsf,da.%Eï
ñ,shk 24'6 la olajd ishhg 25'6 l my< hEula o
jdr®;d lf<ah' miq.sh jir .Kkdjla uqΩ,af,a u
ls˙ lmk ìï m%udKfhys wvq ùula olakg
,enqqkq w;r" lgq fmd,a (Oil Palm) jeks jdis∞hl
lDIsldr®ñl fNda. j.d ls¯u i|yd iy foam<
fj<πï wxYfha ixjr®Okh lr úls”u i|yd
rnr® j.d lr we;s ìï fhd∞ .ekSu ksid tu
bvïj,g we;s ;r.ld¯ b,aÆu fï i|yd fya;= ù
we;' ie,lsh hq;= ld,m˙Éf√ohla ;=< rnr® ñ,
.Kka wLKavj my; jeàu fya;=fjka Wmhd
.efkk wd∞hu ls˙ lemSfï ms˙jeh wdjrKh lr
.ekSug mjd m%udKj;a fkdjk neúka M,∞hS;djh
wvq bvïj, rnr® j.d ls¯u w;yer ±óula o is≥j
we;' jir w. Nd.fha ° foaYSh fj<|fmdf<a rnr®
ñf,ys by< hEula is≥ jqj o" rnr® j.d ìïj,
;;a;ajh my; jeàu fya;=fjka Bg m%;spdr f,i
rnr® ksIamdokfhys laI◊l jr®Okhla is≥ fkdú◊'
flfia fj;;a" l=vd bvïj, rnr® ls˙ lemSu wvq
ùu ksid 2016 jifr® rnr® M,∞j fylaghdrhlg
lsf,da.%Eï 851 la olajd ishhg 3'9 lska by<
54
.sfhah' miq.sh jir lsysmh ;=< foaYSh lr®udka;
wxYfha ksIamdokhka i|yd fhd∞ .ekqKq rnr®
m%udKfhys jr®Okhla ±lsh fkdyels jQ kuq;a
2016 jifr® ° ta i|yd fhd∞ .;a m%udKh foaYSh
rnr® ksIamdokfhka ishhg 87'2 la f,i lsf,da.%Eï
ñ,shk 69 lska iqΩ jYfhka jr®Okh úh' 2016
jifr® ° iajdNdúl rnr® wmkhkh lsf,da.%Eï
ñ,shk 16'2 la olajd ishhg 55'8 lska my; jegqKq
w;r" rnr® ksIamdok ms˙jeh lsf,da.%Euhlg remsh,a
180'00 la olajd ishhg 5'9 lska by< .sfhah' Ökh
iy cmdkh jeks úYd, jYfhka rnr® Wmfhda.S
lr .kakd rgj,aj, mej;s úYd, rnr® f;d.
m%udK fya;=fldgf.k f.da,Sh b,aÆu ukao.dó
ùu iy Lkscf;,a ñ, my< hEu fya;=fjka f,dal
fj<|fmdf<ys ñ, .Kka wvq ùu ksid fld<U
rnr® fjkafoaisfha ñ, .Kka my; jegq◊' 2016
jir ;=<° fld<U rnr® fjkafoaisfha fkdïnr 1 ≥ï
.eiQ ∞r ISÜ rnr® (RSS1) i|yd jQ idudkH ñ, 2015
jifr® jdr®;d jQ idudkH ñ,g jvd ishhg 3'6 lska
my< .sh w;r th lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 239'28 la
úh' fï w;r" jir ;=< ° f,afglaia rnr® ñ, o
lsf,da.%Euhlg remsh,a 262'31 olajd ishhg 13'0 lska
my; jegq◊' 2015 jifr® t'c'fvd,r® 2'2 la jQ
iajNdúl rnr® lsf,da.%Euhl ñ, 2016 jifr® °
t'c'fvd,r® 1'6 la olajd ishhg 30'1 lska my;
jegq◊' rnr® ñ, .Kka my< hEu fya;=fjka rnr®
ksIamdolhkag Wmhd .; yels ,dNh wvq ùu rnr®
j.d ls¯u t;rï wdlr®IKh fkdùug fya;= fõ'
fmd,aa
fmd,a yd fmd,a wdY%s; ksIamdok iemhqu jir
;=< ° ie,lsh hq;= miqnEula fmkakqï lf<ah'
miq.sh jifr® jdr®;d l< ksIamdokhg idfmalaIj
2016 jifr® weia;fïka;=.; fmd,a ksIamdokh
f.ä ñ,shk 3"011 la olajd ishhg 1'5 lska my<
.sfhah' 2016 jifr® ° m%Odk fmd,a j.d m%foaYhkag
,enqKq wvq jr®Idm;kh fuu ksIamdokfha my<
hEug m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' fmd,a wdY%s;
lr®udka;hkaf.ka we;s jQ b,aÆug wkql+,j †is¢
fmd,a ksIamdokh 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg
17'1 l my< hEug idfmalaIj miq.sh oYlfha by<u
†is¢ fmd,a ksIamdokh jdr®;d lrñka 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 22'3 lska jr®Okh úh' fï w;r" by< .sh
fmd,a ñ, fya;=fjka fmd,a f;,a ksIamdokh ishhg
7'5 lska my< .sfhah' fmr jir yd iei£fï °
†is¢ fmd,a wmkhkh fuá%la fgdka 72"000 la olajd
ishhg 56'7 l ie,lsh hq;= jr®Okhla jdr®;d
lrk ,°'
 cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu

fmd,a wdY%s; lr®udka;hkays wvq ksIamdok
;;a;ajhka yuqfõ b,aÆu yd wmkhk ñ,
.Kka by< uÜgul mej;Su o" foaYSh fmd,a
ñ, .Kka by< uÜgul mej;Sug hï ;rulg
∞hl úh' 2016 jifr® ° fmd,a f.ähl idudkH
is,a,r ñ, remsh,a 45'82 la olajd ishhg 8'3 lska
by< .sfhah' jir ;=< ° †is`† fmd,a i|yd jQ foaYSh
ñ, fmr jifr® meje;s lsf,da.%Euhlg remsh,a
290'65 isg lsf,da.%Euhlg remsh,a 265'27 la olajd
ishhg 8'7 lska wvq úh' 2015 jifr® ° fmd,a uo wdY%s;

2'5 ixLHd igyk

2
m%Odk lDIs fNda.j, Wmk;s

jdr®Isl fjkiaùu ^]&

whs;uh tallh 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
2014$15 ^w& 2015$16 ^wd&
1' f;a
1'1 ksIm
a dokh ^we& ls'.%E' ñ,shk 328.8 292.6 -2.7 -11.0
1'2 uqΩ j.d ìï m%udKh fylaghdr oyia 203 203 - -
1'3 oÆ leãu is≥lrk ,o ìï m%udKh fylaghdr oyia 195 195 - -
1'4 ksIm
a dok ms˙jeh ^wE& remsh,a$ls'.%E' 458.84 469.24 -3.4 2.3
1'5 idudkH ñ,
- fld<U fjkafoaih
s remsh,a$ls'.%E' 401.46 473.15 -12.5 17.9
- wmkhk ^ke'ú'i'& remsh,a$ls'.%E' 593.08 639.88 -8.7 7.9
1'6 kej; j.d ls¯u fylaghdr 1,226 1,044 2.6 -14.8
1'7 wÆ;ska j.d ls¯u fylaghdr 495 115 23.4 -76.8
1'8 tl;= l< w.h" o'foa'ks' m%;Y
s ;hla jYfhka ^b& 0.8 0.7 -11.1 -12.5

2' rnr®
2'1 ksIm
a dokh ls'.%E' ñ,shk 88.6 79.1 -10.1 -10.7
2'2 uqΩ j.d ìï m%udKh fylaghdr oyia 137 136 2.2 -0.7
2'3 ls˙ lmk ,o ìï m%udKh fylaghdr oyia 108 93 -2.7 -13.9
2'4 ksIm
a dok ms˙jeh remsh,a$ls'.%E' 170.00 180.00 6.3 5.9
2'5 idudkH ñ,
- fld<U fjkafoaih
s ^wdr®'tia'tia'1& remsh,a$ls'.%E' 248.17 239.28 -13.2 -3.6
- wmkhk ^ke'ú'i'& remsh,a$ls'.%E' 342.03 294.33 -5.7 -13.9
2'6 kej; j.d ls¯u ^B& fylaghdr 621 591 -70.4 -4.9
2'7 wÆ;ska j.d ls¯u ^B& fylaghdr 769 592 -46.1 -23.9
2'8 tl;= l< w.h" o'foa'ks' m%;Y
s ;hla jYfhka ^b& 0.3 0.3 - -
3' fmd,a
3'1 ksIm
a dokh f.ä ñ,shk 3,056 3,011 6.5 -1.5
3'2 uqΩ j.d ìï m%udKh fylaghdr oyia 455 466 3.2 2.4
3'3 ksIm
a dok ms˙jeh f.ählg remsh,a 16.39 16.70 19.9 1.9
3'4 idudkH ñ,
- ksIm
a dok ñ, f.ähla remsh,a 33.88 32.13 7.5 -5.2
- wmkhk ^ke'ú'i'& ^W& f.ähla remsh,a 54.54 41.16 39.6 -24.5
3'5 kej; j.d ls¯u$ há j.dj ^W!& fylaghdr 4,919 5,000 -15.1 1.6
3'6 wÆ;ska j.d ls¯u ^t& fylaghdr 14,408 10,996 -53.2 -23.7
3'7 tl;= l< w.h" o'foa'ks' m%;Y
s ;hla jYfhka ^b& 0.8 0.7 - -12.5
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( YS% ,xld f;a uKav,h
^wd& ;djld,sl l=vd f;a j;= ixjr®Ok wêld˙h
^we& y˙; f;a we;=Ωj jeú,s lr®udka; wud;HdxYh
^wE& wuq f;a oÆ iemhqïlrejkaf.a ,dNdxYo we;=<;a fõ' ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk
^b& j.d ls¯u iy ieliqï lghq;= is≥ l< m%udKh mu◊' fomdr®;fïka;=j
^B& rnr® ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=fõ j.d iyk fhdackd l%uh wkqj j.d l< ìï m%udKh rnr® ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j
^W& m%Odk fmd,a uo ksIamdok ;=k i|yd mu◊' fmd,a j.d ls¯fï uKav,h
^W!& fmd,a j.d ls¯fï uKav,h úiska fokq ,nk j.d iykdOdr l%uh hg;g wh;a bvï wdjrKh fõ' fmd,a ixjr®Ok wêld˙h
^t& fmd,a j.d ls˙fï uKav,h úiska fn∞ y˙k ,o îc me, ixLHdj wkqj wΩ;ska j.d l, ìï m%udKh jeú,s iud.ï
.Kkh lr we;' fuys° fmd,a îc me, 158 la ioyd fylaghdr tlla wkqmd;h fhdod f.k we;' Y%S ,xld fr®.=j
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

55
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
ksIamdok i|yd jQ idudkH wmkhk ñ, ^ke'ú'i'&
lsf,da.%Euhlg remsh,a 439'94 l isg lsf,da.%Euhlg
remsh,a 328'30 la olajd ishhg 25'4 lska
my; jegq◊' foaYSh fj<|fmdf<a ñ,s,Sgr® 750 l
fmd,af;,a fnda;,hl idudkH is,a,r ñ, remsh,a
215'34 la olajd ishhg 4'3 lska by< .sfhah' †is`†
fmd,a" fldmamrd yd fmd,a f;,a hk fmd,a uo wdY%s;
2
m%Odk wmkhk ishhg 38'5 lska jr®Okh jQ w;r"
fuu ksIamdok wmkhkh ls¯fuka ,efnk bmehSï
ishhg 4'5 lska jr®Okh úh' fmd,a f.ä wmkhkh
ishhg 130'5 lska o" fmd,a l%Sï wmkhkh ishhg
27'1 lska o" fmd,a ls˙ wmkhkh ishhg 38'9 lska o
by< .sh w;r" msá l< fmd,a ls˙ wmkhkh ishhg
32'5 lska my< .sfhah'
iqΩ¿ wmkhk fNda.
whym;a ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajhka yd pl%Sh
iy iD;=uh wiajkq rgdjka fya;=fjka we;eï
iqΩ wmkhk fNda. ksIamdokh my< .sfhah'
wmkhk lDIslr®u fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ;djld,sl
weia;fïka;=j,g wkqj 2015 jifr® ° ishhg
12'9 l jr®Okhla jdr®;d l< iqΩ wmkhk fNda.
ksIamdokh 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 9'5 lska my; jegq◊'
2016 jir ;=< ° l=re∫" lrouqx.=" fldams" fldfldajd
iy id†lald ksIamdokfha jr®Okhla jdr®;d jQ w;r"
.ïñ˙ia" lrdnq keá iy mqjla ksIamdokh my<
.sfhah' 2015 jifr® ° fuá%la fgdka 17"707 la jQ
l=re∫ ksIamdokh" 2016 jifr® ° fuá%la fgdka
18"945 la olajd ishhg 7'0 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i
jr®Okh úh' fldfldajd ksIamdokh fuá%la fgdka
650 la olajd ishhg 42'2 lska o" id†lald ksIamdokh
fuá%la fgdka 4"155 la olajd ishhg 51'1 lska o"
fldams ksIamdokh fuá%la fgdka 2"824 la
olajd ishhg 7'0 lska o jr®Okh úh' u,a iy M,
yg.kakd ld,j, ° wLKavj ksh`.h mej;Su
fya;=fjka ±ä n,mEulg yiq jQ .ïñ˙ia ksIamdokh
miq.sh jirg idfmalaIj ishhg 34'4 lska wvq úh'
mej;s by< b,aÆu ms<sìUq lrñka .ïñ˙iaj,
f.dúm< ñ, .Kka 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 14'3 lska
by< .sfhah' fï w;r" jirla yer jirla by<
wiajekakla ,nd fok pl%Sh wiajkq rgdjla we;s
lrdnq keá ksIamdokh 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 65'3 lska
ie,lsh hq;= f,i my; jegq◊' 2016 jir ;=< °
lrdnq keá yd .ïñ˙ia wmkhk m˙ud o ms<sfj<ska
ishhg 71'2 lska iy ishhg 52'7 lska my< .sfhah'
2016 jifr® ° lcq uo ksIamdokh fuá%la fgdka 3"192 la
olajd ishhg 4'9 lska by< .sh w;r" lcq j.d l< ìï
m%udKh fylaghdr 20"102 la olajd ishhg 7'6 lska
56
by< .sfhah' lcq j.d lrk m%foaYj, u,a msfmk
iufha we;s jQ wkfmalaIs; jr®Idj uOHfha jqj o
lcq uo ksIamdokfhys jr®Okhla olakg ,enq◊'
ksIamdokfhys by< hEula is≥j ;sìh°;a lcqj,
f.dúm< ñ, .Kka jir ;=< ° ishhg 5'3 lska
by< .sfhah'
fjk;a lafIa;% fNda.
iuia;hla jYfhka .;a l<" jir ;=< meje;s
whym;a ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajh fya;=fjka fjk;a
lafIa;% fNda. ksIamdokh my; jegq◊' 2015 jifr® °
fuá%la fgdka 362"452 la jQ fjk;a lafIa;% fNda.
ksIamdokh 2016 jifr® ° fuá%la fgdka 339"253 la
olajd ishhg 6'4 lska my< .sfhah' m%Odk
jYfhkau" j.d l< N+ñ m%udKh wvq ùu fya;=fjka
l=rlalka" nv b˙`.=" uqx weg" fidahd fndaxÑ" W∫"
ñ˙ia" wr®;dm,a" f,dl= ΩEKq yd rglcq ksIamdokh
2016 jifr® ° my< jegq◊' fï w;r" 2015 jir
yd iei£fï ° hdmkh yd mq;a;,u †ia;%slalhkays
ksIamdokh by< hEu fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® ° bo,a
b˙`.=" lõms" ;, yd r;= ΩEKq ksIamdokh by<
.sfhah' jir ;=< ° f,dl= ΩEKq ksIamdokh fuá%la
fgdka 65"223 la olajd ishhg 26'7 lska ie,lsh hq;=
f,i my< .sh w;r" tys m%;sM,hla f,i fukau
cd;Hka;r ñ, .Kka wvq uÜgul mej;Sfï
jdis∞hl ;;ajho fya;=fjka ΩEKq wdkhkh fuá%la
fgdka 215"593 la olajd ishhg 2'5 lska jr®Okh úh'
2016 jifr® ° wr®;dm,a ksIamdokh fuá%la fgdka
95"805 la olajd ishhg 1'6 lska my< jegqKq w;r"
wr®;dm,a wdkhkh ishhg 4'2 lska jr®Okh úh'
lDIslr®u wud;HdxYfha iyfhda.h fya;=fjka
j.d lrk ,o ìï m%udKh by< hEu ksid wuq
b`.=re yd ly ksIamdokh o by< .sfhah' ckf,aLk
yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ;djld,sl
weia;fïka;=j,g wkqj whym;a ld,.=◊l
;;a;ajhka fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® ° fjk;a lafIa;%
fNda. j.d l< N+ñ m%udKh fylaghdr 144"892 la
olajd ishhg 4'6 lska my; jegq◊'
t<jΩ¿
2016 jifr® ° t<jΩ iemhqfuys jr®Okhla
olakg ,enq◊' 2015 jifr® ° fuá%la fgdka
1"627"592 la jQ t<jΩ ksIamdokh 2016 jifr® °
fuá%la fgdka 1"648"501 la olajd ishhg 1'3 lska iqΩ
jYfhka jr®Okh úh' 2015 g w∞< ld,m˙Éf√oh yd
iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® h, lkakfha t<jΩ
ksIamdokh ishhg 10'4 lska by< .sh o" 2015$16

uy lkakfha t<jΩ ksIamdokh" mej;s kshx iys;
ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajh fya;=fjka ishhg 4'9 lska wvq
ùu ksid jir ;=< t<jΩ ksIamdokfhys fuu iqΩ
jr®Okh ±lsh yels úh' 2016 jir wjidkfha meje;s
úh<s ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajh fya;=fjka h, lkakfha
ù j.d lghq;= widr®:l jQ ìïj, t<jΩ j.dj is≥
ls¯u fya;=fjka t<jΩ j.d l< uqΩ N+ñ m%udKfha
by< hEu" h, lkakfha t<jΩ ksIamdokh by<
hEug m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' uy lkakfha
t<jΩ iemhqu my< hEug m%;spdr olajñka 2016
jifr® uehs udifha ° Wvrg yd my;rg t<jΩ
fojr®.fhau ñ, .Kka by< .sfhah' óg wu;rj"
2016 jifr® uehs udifha ° we;s jQ ;o jeis yd
.xj;=r ;;a;ajhka fya;=fjka iemhqï ;;a;ajhkag
ndOd we;s ùu yd j.d ydks is≥ ùu t<jΩ ñ,
.Kka ;j≥rg;a by< hEug fya;= úh' fï w;r"
whym;a ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajh fya;=fjka w;rue†
lkakfha t<jΩ j.dj o my< .sfhah' tfia jqj o"
h, lkakfha wiajkq fk<Su weröu;a iu`.
fj<|fmd< t<jΩ iemhqu by< hEfuka wf.daia;=
udifha isg t<jΩ ñ, .Kka my; jegq◊' ;j o"
j.d lrk ,o N+ñ m%udKh by< hEu fya;=fjka
W;=re m<df;a t<jΩ iemhqu ie,lsh hq;= f,i
jeä jQ w;r th jir mqrdu t<jΩ ñ, .Kka by<
hEfï mSvkh wvq ls¯fuys,d Wmld¯ úh' flfia
fj;;a" jir wjidk ld,h jk úg idudkH iD;=uh
n,mEu fmkakqï lrñka t<jΩ ñ, .Kka kej;;a
by< .sfhah' 2016 jifr® °" remsh,a ì,shk 3'9 la
jákd t<jΩ lsf,da.%Eï ñ,shk 21'1 la wmkhkh
lrk ,°' f.dùka yd md˙fNda.slhka wdrlaId
ls¯u i|yd" me< ;jdkays hym;a lDIsldr®ñl
ms<sfj;a (Good Agricultural Practices - GAP) Ndú;h
ms<sn| f.dùka ±kqïj;a ls¯u yd fNda. j.dfõ °
yd ieliSfï ° jeä†hqKq l< ;dlaIKh Ndú;
ls˙u m%p,s; ls¯u i|yd Yla;su;a iq≥iq m%;sm;a;s
l%shdudr®. .ekSu tu wxYfha M,∞hS;djh by<
kexùu flfrys Wmld¯ jkq we;'
m,;=re
wmkhklrejkaf.ka by< b,aÆula mej;=K o"
2016 jifr®° m,;=re ksIamdokh ;j≥rg;a my<
.sfhah' m,;=re ksIamdokh fmr jifr® jdr®;d l<
ishhg 15'6 l my< hEfuka wk;=rej 2016 jifr® °
;j≥rg;a ishhg 6'0 lska my< .sfhah' m,;=re
m%fNao jYfhka .;a l, 2016 jifr® ° f∞vï"
foys" wU" w,s.egfmar iy je,af∞vï ksIamdokh
by< .sh w;r" flfi,a" .ia,nq" wkakdis" rUqgka"
cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu
fmar yd flduvq ksIamdokh my< .sfhah' Y%S ,xldj
2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 7'3 l ms˙jehla orñka
m,;=re fuá%la fgdka 54"107 la wdkhkh l< w;r"
th 2015 jifr® wdkhkh l< m%udKh yd iei£fï °
ishhg 19'8 l by< hEuls' fmr jifr® m˙†u"
wem,a" f∞vï" uekav¯ka yd ñ† fuu jifr® °
m%Odk jYfhka wdkhkh l< m,;=re jr®. úh'
2
fï w;r" 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 5'0 l
jákdlu we;s m,;==re fuá%la fgdka 33"300 la
wmkhkh l< w;r" jir ;=< m,;=re wdkhkh
yd wmkhkh mokï lr.;a fj<| ys`.h remsh,a
ì,shk 2'3 la úh' foaYSh t<jΩ yd m,;=re i|yd
by< úfoaY b,aÆula mej;=K o" úYd, m%udKhka
wLKavj iemhSug wfmdfydi;a ùu tu b,aÆu
imqrd,Su i|yd we;s m%Odk;u wNsfhda.h fõ'
ksIamdolhka yd wmkhklrejka w;r iDcq
iïnkaO;d we;s ls¯u iy fj<| .súiqï mokï
lr.;a j.d l%u ;j≥rg;a Yla;su;a ls¯u" t<jΩ yd
m,;=re wmkhk fj<|fmd< jeä†hqKq ls˙u i|yd
jeo.;a fõ'
iSks
2016 jifr® iSks ksIamdokh lemS fmfkk
jr®Okhla fmkakqï lf<ah' 2015 jifr® ° fuá%la
fgdka 55"972 la olajd ie,lsh hq;= f,i jr®Okh jQ
iSks ksIamdokh" 2016 jifr® ° fuá%la fgdka
62"048 la olajd ishhg 10'9 lska ;j≥rg;a
jr®Okh úh' by< M,∞jla iys; Wla m%fNao j.d
ls¯u" fhda.H jd˙udr®. moaO;s ieliSu yd j.d
ìï kv;a;= ls¯u iy ndysr mdr®Yjhka úiska
is≥ lrk j.d lghq;= mqΩ,a ùu iSks ksIamdokh
by< hEug m%Odk jYfhka u ∞hl úh'
.,aTh lr®udka;Yd,dfõ ksIamdokh my< .sh o
me,aj;a; yd fijk., lr®udka;Yd,djkays
ksIamdokh by< hEu iSks ksIamdokfha by;
jr®Okhg ∞hl úh' 2016 jifr® ° me,aj;a;
lr®udka;Yd,dfõ ksIamdokh fuá%la fgdka 34"188 la
olajd ishhg 23'8 lska jr®Okh úh' 2015 jifr® °
iuia; iSks ksIamdokfhka ishhg 49'3 la
i|yd ∞hl jQ me,aj;a; iSks lr®udka;Yd,dfõ
∞hl;ajh 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 55'1 la olajd
jr®Okh fjñka ;j≥rg;a iSks ksIamdokfha m%uqLhd
úh' fijk., lr®udka;Yd,dfõ ksIamdokh 2016
jifr® ° fuá%la fgdka 17"234 la olajd ishhg 19'9 lska
jr®Okh úh' fï w;r" .,aTh lr®udka;Yd,dfõ
ksIamdokh 2016 jifr® ° fuá%la fgdka 10"626 la
olajd ishhg 24'0 lska wLKavj fojk jirg;a my<
57
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

.sfhah' whym;a ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajhka fya;=fjka 2'6 ixLHd igyk

Wla o~q m%udKj;a fkdùu iy ;;a;ajfhka nd, u;aiH ksIamdokh
ùu .,aTh lr®udka;Yd,dfõ l%shdld˙;ajh my< fu'fgd'oyia

hEug m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' fuu jr®Okh

Wm wxYh 2015 2016 ^w&
jdr®Isl fjkiaùu ^]&
ie,lSfï °" M,∞hS;djh ms<sn| or®Ylhla jk 2014$15 2015$16 ^w&
iSks ,nd .ekSfï m%;sY;h1 fmr jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ uqy≥q u;aiH 453 457 -1.4 0.9
ishhg 7'5 isg 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 7'6 la fjr< yd l,mq wdY%;
s 269 274 -3.5 1.9

2
.eUqre uqy≥q u;aiH 184 183 1.9 -0.6
olajd iqΩ jYfhka jr®Okh úh' 2016 jifr® iSks
ñ˙†h u;aiH 67 74 -11.2 9.9
ksIamdokh" rfÜ iuia; iSks wjYH;djfhka ñ˙†h c,dY 57 58 -17.1 2.4
ishhg 9'5 la iems¯ug m%udKj;a jkq we;ehs c,„ù j.dj 3 9 77.0 201.3
weia;fïka;= lr we;' by< iSks b,aÆu yd iSks biaika j.dj 7 6 37.7 -15.0
wdkhkh u; mkjk ,o úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao tl;=j 520 531 -2.8 2.1
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( ëjr yd c,c iïm;a ixjr®Ok
wvq uÜgul mej;Su fya;=fjka jir ;=< ° iSks wud;HdxYh
wdkhkh fuá%la fgdka 651"181 la olajd ishhg
4'4 lska by< .sfhah' ndysr mdr®Yjhka Wla j.dj
ÆKq ouk ,o u;aiH wdkhkh fuá%la fgdka
i|yd fhduq ls¯u ;=<ska Wla j.d ls¯u †hqKq ls¯ug
34"978 la olajd ishhg 5'8 lska by< .sfhah' fï
we;s yelshdj iy tys jeo.;alu y∫kd .ksñka"
w;r" áka udΩ wdkhkh fuá%la fgdka 37"089 la
me,aj;a; yd fijk., iSks lr®udka;Yd,d úiska
olajd ishhg 24'3 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i my<
ndysr mdr®Yjhka úiska is≥ lrkq ,nk j.d lghq;=
.sfhah' Y%S ,xldfõ u;aiH ksIamdok wmkhk
mqΩ,a ls¯u i|yd by< m%uqL;djhla ,nd fok ,°'
u; hqfrdamd ix.uh úiska mkjk ,o ;yku
2016 cqks ui 21 ∞ isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† bj;a ls¯u;a
ëjr
iu`. Y%S ,xldfõ u;aiH m%fNao i|yd hqfrdamd
2016 jifr® ° ëjr lghq;=j, uOHia: ix.ufha rgj,ska jQ b,aÆu mqΩ,a úh' ta wkqj"
jr®Okhla fmkakqï lrk ,°' 2016 jifr® ° u;aiH 2016 jifr® ° hqfrdamd ix.ufha rgj,a fj; is≥
ksIamdokh 2015 jirg idfmalaIj fuá%la fgdka lrk ,o u;aiH wmkhk fuá%la fgdka 2"540 la
530"920 la olajd ishhg 2'1 lska jr®Okh úh' fjr< yd olajd ishhg 23'1 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i
l<mq wdY%s; u;aiH ksIamdokh yd .eUqre uqyqfoa jr®Okh úh' ksis m%ñ;shlska f;drj ëjr lghq;=j,
u;aiH ksIamdokh hk Wm wxYhkaf.ka iukaú;" kshe,Su fya;=fjka iuia; u;aiH ksIamdokfhka
iuia; u;aiH ksIamdokfhka ishhg 86'0 lg ishhg 25'0 la muK wmf;a hk nj weia;fïka;= lr
∞hl;ajhla imhk" uqyq≥ u;aiH ksIamdokh 2016 we;s w;r" tfia is≥jk wmf;a hEu wju ls¯fuys ,d
jifr® ° fuá%la fgdka 456"990 la olajd ishhg 0'9 lska wjOdkh fhduq ls¯u ëjr lr®udka;fha Wm˙u M,
iqΩ jYfhka jr®Okh úh' fjr< wdY%s; u;aiH fk<d .ekSu i|yd b;d jeo.;a fõ'
ksIamdokh fuá%la fgdka 274"160 la olajd ishhg
1'9 lska iqΩ jYfhka jr®Okh jQ w;r" .eUqre mY= iïm;a
uqyqfoa u;aiH ksIamdokh fuá%la fgdka 182"830 la
olajd ishhg 0'6 lska my< .sfhah' iuia; u;aiH ls˙ ksIamdokfhka iajhxfmdaIs; ls¯ug
ksIamdokfha b;s˙ ishhg 14'0 la i|yd ∞hl;ajh rch f.k we;s l%shdudr®. fya;=fjka cd;sl ls˙
ork ñ˙†h yd c,„ù j.d wxYfha u;aiH ksIamdokh ksIamdokh 2016 jifr® ° ,Sgr® ñ,shk 384 la olajd
2015 jir yd iei£fï ° ishhg 9'9 lska ie,lsh ishhg 2'6 lska ;j≥rg;a by< .sfhah' ˙†h.u
hq;= f,i jr®Okh úh' ñ˙†h c,dYj,g uq∞ye˙ f.dúm<g wdkhkh l< .j fokqkaf.ka ls˙
u;aiH megjqka m%udKh jeä ùu yd c,„ù j.d foùu wdrïN ùu" kejqï ls˙ i|yd ls˙ f.dùka
wxYfha we;s jQ jeä†hqKq ùu" ñ˙†h ëjr yd c,„ù fj; i;=gq∞hl ñ,la ,eîu iy ls˙ ksIamdok
j.d wxYfha fuu jr®Okhg fya;= úh' jir ;=< ° lr®udka;Yd,dj, Od˙;dj by< kexùu fya;=fjka
iuia; u;aiH wdkhkh fuá%la fgdka 115"693 la uyd m˙udK ls˙ ksIamdok iud.ï fj;ska jQ ls˙
olajd ishhg 3'6 lska my< .sh w;r" úh,k ,o fyda b,aÆu by< hEu ls˙ ksIamdokh jr®Okh ùug
bjy,a jQ lreKq f,i ±laúh yelsh' iuia; ls˙
ksIamdokfhka ishhg 82'8 la jQ t<ls˙ ksIamdokh"
1 iSks ,nd .ekSfï m%;sY;h } ksIamdokh l< iSks m%udKh Ÿ 100
wUrk ,o Wla o~q m%udKh jdr®Isl ,laIHuh moku u; ,Sgr ñ,shk 317'9 la

58
 cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu

olajd ishhg 4'1 lska by< .sh w;r" ó ls˙
ksIamdokh ,Sgr ñ,shk 66'1 la olajd ishhg 4'2 lska
my< .sfhah' foaYSh ls˙ ksIamdokh jr®;udk cd;sl
wjYH;djfhka ishhg 42'0 la muK iemhSug
m%udKj;a fõ' fï w;r" ls˙ ,nd .kakd t<fokqka
ixLHdj 284"400 la olajd ishhg 5'6 lska wvq jQ
w;r" ls˙ ,nd .kakd ó fokqka ixLHdj 83"150 la
lr®udka;Yd,d kùlrKh ls¯fï lghq;= w;˙ka
ñ,aflda ^mqoa& iud.u i;= fmdf<dkakrej iy
†.k msysá lr®udka;Yd,dj, kùlrK lghq;=
wjika flreKq w;r" wfòfj, lr®udka;Yd,dfõ
kùlrK lghq;= 2017 jifr® m<uq ldr®;=j
;=< ° wjika ls¯ug kshñ;h' i;a;aj wdydrj, ñ,
2015 jir yd iei£fï ° wvq ùu fya;=fjka" cd;sl

2
olajd ishhg 9'2 lska wvq úh' 2015 jir olajd uqΩ ls˙ ksIamdokfha idudkH ksmehqï ms˙jeh ,Sgrhg
.jhska ixLHdj ,nd ° we;af;a weia;fïka;=.; remsh,a 31'99 la olajd remsh,a 2'67 lska my< .sh w;r"
w.hla jYfhks' kuq;a" 2016 jifr® ° i;a;aj idudkH f.dúm< ñ, ,Sgrhlg remsh,a 64'00 la
ksIamdok yd fi!LH fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska mY= olajd remsh,a 5'00 lska jeä ùu u.ska f.dùkag
iïm;a ixjr®Ok ks,Od¯kaf.a iyNd.S;ajfhka uqΩ by< wd∞hula ,nd .; yels úh' foaYSh ls˙
.j .yKh ms<sn| mqΩ,a iólaIKhla is≥ lrk ,o ksIamdokh by< f.dia ;sìh°;a ls˙msá wdkhkh
w;r" tys° rgmqrd l=vdu fiajd iemhSfï tallj,ska o fuá%la fgdka 94"011 la olajd ishhg 15'0 lska by<
o;a; ,nd f.k we;' tys m%;sM,hla f,i" 2016 .sh w;r" tys jákdlu remsh,a ì,shk 33'6 la úh'
jifr® Y%S ,xldj ;=< isák uqΩ .jhska ixLHdfõ ls˙ .j iïmf;ys .=Kd;aulNdjh by< ±óu
ienE w.h ms<sìUq flfrk w;r" .jhka ixLHdfõ flfrys rcfha wjOdkh ;j≥rg;a fhduq jQ w;r"
jdr®Isl fjkia ùu u.ska ms<sìUq flfrkqfha 2016 jifr® ° megjqka 16"577 la ,shdm†xÑ lrk
l,ska mej;s weia;fïka;=.; ixLHdfjys iy ,o §jeiais megjqka we;s±ä ls¯fï jHdmD;sh¶ jeks
j;auka .j .yKfhys iei£uls' 2016 jifr® ° jHdmD;s .Kkdjla l%shd;aul lrk ,°' fujeks
cd;sl mY= iïm;a ixjr®Ok uKav,fha ls˙ l%shdudr®. yryd wdkhkh lrk ls˙msá m%udKh
ksIamdokh ,Sgr ñ,shk 11'0 isg ,Sgr ñ,shk 17'9 la wju lr.; yels jk w;r" cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Skag
olajd by< .sh w;r" ñ,aflda ^mqoa& iud.fï .e,fmk m˙† foaYSh ls˙ f.dúm<j,aj, ksmojk
ls˙ ksIamdokh ,Sgr ñ,shk 70'0 la olajd ishhg ls˙j, .=Kd;aulNdjh jeä†hqKq lr .ekSug o
9'4 lska jr®Okh úh' lr®udka;Yd,dj, ksIamdok yels fõ'
Od˙;dj by< kexùfï wruq◊ka wdrïN lrk ,o l=l=Ω uia iy ì;a;r ksIamdokh 2016 jir
;=< ° jr®Ok m%jK;djhla fmkakqï lf<ah'
2'7 ixLHd igyk i;a;aj ksIamdok iy fi!LH fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
mY= iïm;a wxYh ms<sn| ixLHdk ;djld,sl weia;fïka;=j,g wkqj l=l=Ω uia
ksIamdokh fuá%la fgdka 173"830 la olajd ishhg
2015 2016 jdr®Isl fjkiaùu ^]&

Wm wxYh 5'7 lska jr®Okh úh' uia ms◊i fn%dhs,r® i;=ka
^w& ^wd& 2014$15 ^w& 2015$16 ^wd&
ksmoùu i|yd wjYH udmsh i;=ka (Broiler Parents)
1' uqΩ .jhka ixLHdj
^ñ,shk& 1.4 1.2 -8.9 -14.1
wdkhkh iy ì;a;r i|yd lsls<s megjqka
t<.jhka 1.1 0.9 -6.9 -13.1 ,nd .ekSug wjYH udmsh i;=ka (Layer Parents)
ó.jhka 0.3 0.3 -15.1 -17.4 wdkhkh ms<sfj<ska ishhg 88'7 lska iy 107'7 lska
2' cd;sl ls˙ ksIamdokh
^,Sgr® ñ,shk& 374.4 384.0 13.7 2.6 by< hEu" l=l=Ω uia ksIamdokfhys jr®Okhg
t< ls˙ 305.4 317.9 15.2 4.1 m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' flfia jqjo" yu fkd.eiQ
ó lsrß 69.1 66.1 7.9 -4.2
l=l=Ω uia lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd ksIamdok ms˙jeh
3' ls˙ wdydr ksIamdokh
^,Sgr® ñ,shk& ^we& 33.5 36.9 14.0 10.1 2015 jifr® ° jQ remsh,a 291'16 l isg 2016 jifr® °
4' ksIamdok ñ, - t<ls˙ remsh,a 306'74 la olajd by< f.dia we;' 2016
^re'$,Sgr®& 58.91 64.03 -1.7 8.7
5' ì;a;r ksIamdokh
jifr® ° l=l=Ω uia ksIamdokh by< f.dia ;sìh °
^ñ,shk& 1,899.0 2,059.7 16.0 8.5 jqj o" l=l=Ω uia lsf,da.%Euhl idudkH ñ, fmr
6' l=l=Ω uia ksIamdokh
^fu'fgd'oyia& 164.5 173.8 13.8 5.7
jifr® meje;s remsh,a 507'90 isg 2016 jifr® °
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( .%dóh wdr®:ßlh ms<sn`o remsh,a 538'56 la olajd by< .sfhah' fn%dhs,r®
^wd& ;djld,sl wud;HdxYh l=l=Ω uia lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd mkjd ;snQ
^we& cd;sl mY= iïm;a ixjr®Ok ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk
uKav,fha iy ñ,aflda ^mqoa& fomdr®;fïka;=j remsh,a 420'00 l Wm˙u is,a,r ñ, 2017 udr®;= 14
iud.fï ksIamd†; muKla cd;sl mY= iïm;a ixjr®Ok
we;=<;a fõ' uKav,h
†k isg bj;a lrk ,°' fï w;r" ì;a;r ksIamdokh
ñ,aflda ^mqoa& iud.u ì,shk 2'0 la olajd ishhg 8'5 lska by< .sh w;r"

59
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
ì;a;r ksIamdokfha idudkH ms˙jeh remsh,a 10'07
isg remsh,a 12'41 la olajd by< .sfhah'
ì;a;rhl idudkH ñ, 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ
remsh,a 14'80 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a
16'10 la olajd by< .sfhah' W!re uia iy tΩ
uia ksIamdokh ms<sfj<ska ishhg 1'4 lska iy
ishhg 3'7 lska" fuá%la fgdka 7"280 la iy fuá%la
2
fgdka 1"400 la olajd by< .sh w;r" yrla uia
ksIamdokh fuá%la fgdka 31"540 la olajd ishhg
2'0 lska wvq úh' W!re uia lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd
ksIamdok ms˙jeh remsh,a 264'58 la jQ w;r" tΩ
uia iy yrla uia i|yd tu ms˙jeh ms<sfj<ska
remsh,a 281'15 la iy remsh,a 357'37 la úh' W!re uia
lsf,da.%Euhl idudkH ñ, ishhg 8'2 lska o" tΩ
uia lsf,da.%Euhl idudkH ñ, ishhg 12'2 lska o"
yrla uia lsf,da.%Euhl idudkH ñ, ishhg
18'5 lska o by< .sfhah'
jk iïm;a
jk ixrlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska mj;ajk
,o jk wdjrK weia;fïka;= iólaIKhg wkqj
Y%S ,xldfõ jk wdjrKh fylaghdr 1"951"472 ls'
flfia jqjo" fuu iólaIKh iEu jir 10 lg u
jrla mj;ajkq ,nkakla jk w;r" jk wdjrKh
ms<sn|j kj;u f;dr;=re ,nd fok tu iólaIKh
wjika jrg is≥ lr we;af;a 2010 jifr® ° h' kS;s
úfrdaë ±j lemSu" ckdjdi b†ls¯u iy fyaka
j.dj fya;=fjka iajNdúl jk wdjrK m%udKh
ld,h;a iu`. wvq ù we;' tneúkaa" mj;sk †hqKqu
;dlaIKh fhd∞ .ksñka rfgys jk wdjrKfha
is≥ jk fjkiaùï ;lafiare ls¯u i|yd úêu;a
iólaIKhla flá ld,m˙Éf√ohka we;=<; ° is≥
l< hq;=j we;' ±j ,nd .ekSu i|yd 2015 jifr® °
fy<s l< fylaghdr 423 l jk wdjrKh yd
iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® ° fylaghdr 781 l jk
wdjrKhla ta i|yd fy<s lr we;s w;r l∫ uq≥ka
j.dj" idrj;a j.dj iy iajdrlaIl l,dm j.dj
hgf;a fylaghdr 100 la kej; j.d lr we;'
§jkyrKh iy jkydhkh u.ska is≥ jk ldnka
úfudapkh wvq ls¯u i|yd jk tlai;a cd;Skaf.a
jevigyk¶ (UN-REDD) 2016 jifr®° o Y%S ,xldj
;=< l%shd;aul jQ w;r" REDD++2 jevigyk Y%S
,xldj ;=< l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd jQ Wmdhudr®.sl
jevie,eiau ilia ls¯ug o" Y%S ,xldj i|yd jk
2 jk .ykh iy jk ydhkh u.ska is≥ jk ldnka úfudapkh wvq ls¯u yd
ldnka ixÑ;" ffcj fldgia wvx.= mi fyda Lksc mi" jkdka;rhkaf.ka
msg; msysá jDlaI,;d" lDIs jkdka;r" j.djka fyda iajNdúl jkdka;r
flfrys n,mdkakd jQ ishÆu N+ñ fjkiaùï wvq ls˙u ms<sn| jevigyk' flfrhs' ta wkqj" lDIslr®u wud;HdxYh úiska f.j;=
60
wdjrK ix.Kk f;dr;=re moaO;shla ksr®udKh
ls¯ug o" cd;sl jk wëlaIK moaO;sh ksr®udKhg yd
tlai;a cd;Skaf.a foaY.=◊l úmr®hdi ms<sn| jQ
iïuq;s rduqj i|yd b†˙m;a ls¯ug cd;sl jk
ixrlaIK úur®Yk m˙udKh ksr®udKh ls¯ug o
tu.ska iyfhda.h ,nd fohs' 2012 jifr® isg
l%shd;aul jk m%cd iyNd.s;aj jk j.d jevigyk
2016 jifr® ° o l%shd;aul jQ w;r" ksmqK;d
ixjr®Okh i|yd mqyqKqj ,nd °u yd iqΩ m˙udK
jHdmdr wdrïN ls¯ug wjYH WmlrK ,nd °u
ta hgf;a is≥ flre◊' 2016 jifr® ° uqΩ N+ñ
m%udKfhka ishhg 29'7 la jQ Y%S ,xldfõ jk
wdjrKh 2019 jk úg ishhg 32'0 la olajd jeä
ls¯fï ±laula iys;j 2014 ° wdrïN lrk ,o
jk wdjrK jeä†hqKq ls¯fï jevigyk hgf;a
jk ixrlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ydks jQ
jk.yKh m%;sixialrKh ls¯u yd jk wdjrKh
/l .ekSu b,lal lr.;a lghq;= is≥ lrk ,°' fï
w;r" fm!oa.,sl wxYh úiska is≥ lrk jkdka;r
kej; j.d ls¯fï jevigyk hgf;a 2016 jifr® °
fm!oa.,sl wxYh úiska is≥ lrk ,o jd◊c
uÜgñka jk frdamKh fylaghdr 413 la úh'
lDIsld¾ñl m%;sm;a;s iy wdh;ksl iydh
2016-2018 ld,m˙Éf√oh i|yd jk rcfha
wdydr ksIamdok cd;sl jevigyk úúO b,lal
/ila flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrhs' fï i|yd fNda.
úúOdx.SlrKh yd M,∞hS;djh jeä†hqKq ls¯u
;=<ska jir 2018 jk úg Y%S ,xldj nv b˙`.="
fidahd fndaxÑ" ñ˙ia" ΩEKq yd wr®;dm,a hk
fNda.hkaf.ka iajhxfmdaIs; ls¯u;a" iykdOdr u;
mokï jQ f.dú;eka lghq;= jir 2020 jk úg lDIs
jHdmdr njg l%ñlj m˙jr®;kh ls¯ug myiqlï
ie,iSu;a we;=<;a fõ' ;jo" wdydr ksIamdok cd;sl
jevigyk u.ska wdydr iqrlaIs;;djh idlaId;a lr
.ekSu" f.dùka i|yd ;sridr yd by< wd∞hï yd
fõ;k uÜgula ;yjqre ls¯u i|yd lDIs ksIamdok
i|yd by< ñ,la ,nd °u iy foaYSh yd úfoaYSh
;r.ld¯ fj<|fmd< i|yd wLKav m%fõYhla ,nd °u
flfrys o wjOdkh fhduq lrhs' óg wu;rj" fuu
jevigyk hgf;a f.dúm< hdka;%SlrKh" j.d
lrk N+ñ m%udKh jeä ls¯u" ksIamdok yqjudrefõ °
is≥jk kdia;sh wju ls¯u yd m˙ir ixrlaIKh
;yjqre ls¯u" ldr®hlaIu f.dúm< l<ukdlrK
Ys,aml%u y∫kajd °u yd by< wiajekakla ,nd
fok îc Ndú;h iy jeä†hqKq lrk ,o c,
l<ukdlrKh flfrys fhduq ùu o b,lal
 cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu

2'8 ixLHd igyk

m%Odk wdydr øjHkaf.a wdydr fYaI m;%h

2010 2015 2016 ^w&

talmqoa., talmqoa., talmqoa.,
whs;uh tallh wdydr wdydr wdydr
ksIamdokh wdkhk ksIamdokh wdkhk iq,N;djh ksIamdokh wdkhk iq,N;djh
iq,N;djh
^jirlg ls'.%E'& ^jirlg ls'.%E'& ^jirlg ls'.%E'&

2
1' iy,a ^wd& fu'fgd'oyia 3,011 126 152 3,373 286 175 3,094 30 147
2' b˙`.= fu'fgd'oyia 162 16 9 261 79 16 244 51 14
3' ;s˙`.= fu'fgd'oyia - 1,051 51 - 1,208 58 - 948 46
4' f,dl= ΩEKq fu'fgd'oyia 59 158 10 89 210 14 65 216 13
5' iSks fu'fgd'oyia 31 548 28 56 624 32 62 651 34
6' wr®;dm,a fu'fgd'oyia 52 130 9 97 142 11 96 148 12
7' udΩ fu'fgd'oyia 385 14 19 520 34 26 531 39 27
8' t<ls˙ ,Sgr® ñ,shk 192 - 9 305 - 15 318 - 15
9' fmd,af;,a fu'fgd'oyia 65 3 3 53 6 3 49 3 2
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& ù fuá%la fgdka 1 la" iy,a fuá%la fgdka 0'7 lg iudk fõ' YS% ,xld fr®.=j

500"000 la ixjr®Okh ls¯fï b,lalh we;sj wdydr
ksIamdok cd;sl jevigyk hgf;a f.j;= j.d
m%jr®Ok jevigykla 2016 jifr® ° wdrïN lrk ,°'
fuu jevigyk .Dy tallhkaf.a wdydr yd
fmdaIK wjYH;djka imqrd,Su i|yd muKla
fkdj rfÜ iuia; wdydr ksIamdokh jeä ls¯ug o
Wmld¯ jkq we;' rch úiska lDIsldr®ñl wxYh
iïnkaOfhka wdydr iqrlaIs;;djh jeä†hqKq ls¯u
yd md˙i˙l ;sridr nj ;yjqre ls¯u i|yd mshjr
/ila f.k we;s w;r" yqfola wdydr iqrlaIs;;djh
idlaId;a lr .ekSu flfrys muKla wjOdkh
fhduq ls¯u fjkqjg ishÆu wdydr ldKavhka ys
M,∞hS;djh by< kexùfuys ,d mqΩ,a m%fõYhla
wkq.ukh ls¯u wjYH fõ'
rch úiska ù ksIamdokh by< kexùu iy ù
ñ, .Kka ia:djr ls¯u i|yd mshjr /ila y∫kajd
fok ,°' wêl fmdfydr Ndú;h fya;=fjka we;s
jk fi!LH iy c, ¥IKh jeks md˙irsl .egÆ
wju ls¯u i|yd w;sYhska úI iys; lDIs ridhk
lDIsldr®ñl wxYh ;=< Ndú; ls¯u je<elaùfï
wruq◊ka rch úiska §hym;a lDIslr®udka;hla -
fi!LH iïmkak ck;djla - ji úi ke;s rgla¶
kñka cd;sl jevigykla wdrïN lrk ,°' fuu
;=ka wjqre≥ jevigyk u.ska idïm%∞hsl ù m%fNao
Ndú;h by< kexùu ^2016-2019 ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< °
ishhg 30'0 la olajd&" ridhksl fmdfydr yd
m,sfndaO kdYl Ndú;h l%ufhka bj;a ls¯u
iy ldnksl lDIslr®uh m%jr®Okh ls¯u ms<sn|j
wjOdkh fhduq lrkq we;' ù wf,ú uKav,h
2014$15 uy lkakfha ° ñ,° .;a ù fuá%la fgdka
160"000 yd ii|k úg 2015$16 uy lkakfha °
ù fuá%la fgdka 131"981 la ñ,° .;a w;r" 2015
h, lkakfha ° ñ,° .;a fuá%la fgdka 175"270 g
idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® h, lkakfha °
fj<|fmdf<ka ñ,° .; yels jQfha ù fuá%la fgdka
25"447 la mu◊' th 2016 jifr® h, lkakfha °
ñ,° .;a m%udKh" ñ,° .ekSug b,lal l<
m˙udfjka ishhg 21'2 la úh' ù wiajkq wvq ùug
wu;rj" fm!oa.,sl wxYfha ù fuda,a ysñhka úiska
b†˙fha ° ù ñ, by< hkq we;ehs jk wfmalaIdfjka
f.dùkaf.ka jeä ñ,g ù f;d. ñ,° .ekSu fuhg
fya;= úh' ksis wjia:dfõ ° ù ñ,° .ekSug yd
ksoyia ls¯ug lghq;= ls¯u u.ska ù ñ,° .ekSfï
jevigyk ixfYdaOkh ls¯u wjYH fõ' tu.ska
f.dùka" md˙fNda.slhka yd ù wf,ú uKav,h hk
ishÆ mdr®Yajlrejkag m%;s,dN w;am;a lr .ekSug
yels jkq we;' fï w;r" ù mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok
wdh;kh úiska kshx ;;a;ajhkag yd .xj;=rg
Tfrd;a;= fok wdldrfha jeä†hqKq l< iy ishhg
20'0 lska muK jeä M,∞jla ,nd fok kj
fláld,Sk fouqyqka iy,a úfYaI lsysmhla y∫kajd
fok ,°' ;jo" ù mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok wdh;kh
úiska ù jems¯fï ° Y%u ms˙jeh yd ì;a;r ù
wjYH;djh ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq lrk jeä†hqKq
lrk ,o l%uhla ^merIqÜ l%uh& y∫kajd fok ,°'
f;a lr®udka;fha M,∞hS;dj" ;r.ld¯;ajh yd
;dlaI◊l jeä†hqKq ls¯ï iy m%Yia: Ndú;hka
jeks ixjr®Ok l%shdldrlï flfrys 2016 jifr® °
Y%S ,xld f;a uKav,fha" f;a mr®fhaIK wdh;kfha
iy l=vd f;a j;= ixjr®Ok wêld˙fha wjOdkh

61
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
;j≥rg;a fhduq lrk ,°' §Y%S ,xldj ;=< wiqrk
,o iqms˙is≥ isf,daka f;a¶ hk fj<| kduh
hgf;a Y%S ,xld f;a uKav,h úiska cd;Hka;r
f;a fj<|fmd<j, Y%S ,xld f;a m%p,s; ls¯ug
Wmdhudr®.sl wf,úlrK lghq;= is≥ lrk ,o w;r"
cd;Hka;r fj<| i,ams,a iy wf,ú m%or®Ykj,g o
iyNd.s úh' Y%S ,xld f;a uKav,h úiska f;a
2
lr®udka;Yd,d iy .nvd i|yd hym;a ksIamdok
l%ufõo (Good Manufacturing Practices - GMP)
ms<sn| ;;a;aj iy;sl ,nd °u i|yd we.hSfï
lghq;= l%shdjg kxjk ,o w;r" f;a lr®udka;Yd,d
Wiia ;;a;ajhlg m;a ls¯u i|yd hym;a ksIamdok
l%ufõo ms<sn| ;lafiarejla o is≥ lrk ,°' Y%S ,xld
f;a uKav,h úiska ±kqïj;a ls¯fï jevigyka"
kshduk lghq;= yd .=Kd;aulNdjh wëlaIKh
ls¯u wd†h l%shd;aul ls¯u yryd miq wiajkq ydksh
wju lr .ksñka by< ;;a;ajfhka hq;= f;a oÆ
idudkHh ishhg 33'0 l uÜgfï isg ishhg 60'0 l
uÜgu olajd kexùu wruqKq lr .;a "B Leaf 60"
jevigyk ;j≥rg;a l%shd;aul lrk ,°' wdydr
ksIamdokfha ° we;s úh yels fi!LHhg wys;lr
;;a;ajh iQlaIuj y∫kd f.k tjka ;;a;aj wju
lr .ekSu i|yd l%ufõo wkq.ukh ls¯ug w∞<
Wmøj úYaf,aIKh yd wj∞kï md,kh ls¯fï
iy;sl (HACCP) ,nd .ekSu lr®udka;Yd,d
úiska wLKavj is≥ lrk ,o w;r" 2016 jr®Ifha °
lr®udka;Yd,d 40 la fuu iy;slh ,nd f.k we;'
f;a lr®udka;Yd,d kùlrKh ls¯u i|yd iykdOdr
,nd °fï jevigyk hgf;a lr®udka;Yd,d 21 la
kùlrKh ls¯u i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 26'1 la ,nd
fok ,°' f;a j.dj iy ksIamdokh ms<sn| kj
;dlaIKh y∫kajd fok iy jHdma; lrk cd;sl
wdh;kh jk Y%S ,xld f;a mr®fhaIK wdh;kh
úiska tys 2013-2017 Wmdhudr®.sl ie,eiaug
wkqj f;a j.dfõ Wkak;sh i|yd mr®fhaIK yd
ixjr®Ok l%shdldrlï o" jHdma;s fiajd ,nd °fï
lghq;= o is≥ lrk ,°' f;a j.d ixjr®Okh
hgf;a foaY.=◊l úmr®hdi yd fld< fldvùfï
frda.h jeks wys;lr ;;a;ajhkag Tfrd;a;= °fï
yelshdj we;s iy f;a j.d lrk m%foaY ish,a,gu
mdfya wkqjr®;kh ùfï yelshdj we;s TRI 5000"
kñka kj f;a ˙ls,s m%fNaohla y∫kajd fok ,°'
f;a kej; j.d ls¯fï ° mfiys ;;a;ajh ms<sn|
;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sh myiq ls¯u i|yd mfiys
.=Kd;aulNdjh ms<sn| or®Ylh u.ska ;lafiarejla
,nd .ekSug mfiys idrj;a nj l<ukdlrKh
hgf;a mshjr .ekq◊' j.djg is≥ jk ydks fukau"
fi!LH" wdrlaIl iy md˙i˙l .egÆ wju lr
62
.ekSu i|yd fNda. l<ukdlrK iy wdrlaIK
m%fõYhka y∫kajd fok ,°' Y%u M,∞hS;dj by<
kexùug o" f;a lr®udka;fhys ;sridr nj iy;sl
ls¯ug o mshjrla jYfhka l=vd f;a j;= ysñhka
fj; f;a oÆ fk,Sfï hdka;%sl WmlrK y∫kajd
fok ,°' mr®fhaIK uÜgñka ldnkslj j.djka
is≥ l< bvï lÜá yryd ;sridr j.d l%uj,g
fhduq lrùu o ;j≥rg;a is≥ flre◊' l=vd f;a j;=
ixjr®Ok wêld˙h" Y%S ,xld f;a uKav,h iu`.
taldnoaOj kej; j.dj yd kj j.dj iy fNda.
h:d ;;a;ajhg m;a ls¯u i|yd jQ iykdOdr l%uh
l%shdjg kexùh' fuu iykdOdr l%uh hgf;a 2016
jir ;=< remsh,a ñ,shk 48'3 l úhoñka fylaghdr
108 la wÆ;ska j.d flreKq w;r" remsh,a ñ,shk
484 l úhoñka fylaghdr 741 la muK kej;
j.d lrk ,°' cd;sl fmdfydr iykdOdr l%uh
hgf;a mr®pia 20 g jeä iy fylaghdrhlg wvq
ìïj, f;a j.d lr we;s l=vd f;a j;= ysñhkag
fylaghdrhlg remsh,a 15"000'00 ne.ska ,nd °u
l=vd f;a j;= ixjr®Ok uKav,h úiska l%shd;aul
lrk ,°' fï hgf;a" 2016 jr®Ih fjkqfjka f;a
j.d lrk ,o fylaghdr 83"864 la i|yd remsh,a
ì,shk 1'3 l uqo,la m%;s,dNSka 204"554 la w;fr®
fn∞ fok ,°'
rnr® ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j iy rnr®
mr®fhaIK wdh;kh u.ska rnr® lafIa;%fhys
M,odhS;dj by< kxjd" foaYSh rnr® ksIamdokh jeä
ls¯ug wjYH kj jHdmdr wjia:d jeä†hqKq lr
.ksñka" f,dal fj<|fmdf<ys rnr® ñ, fjkia ùu
ksid we;sjk n,mEu wju lr.ksñka b†˙hg hEu
i|yd ixjr®Ok Wmdh udr®. l%shd;aul lrk ,°'
fï jk úg fuá%la fgdka 79"100 la jk foaYSh
rnr® ksIamdokh 2020 jir jk úg fuá%la fgdka
200"000 olajd jeä lr .ekSu i|yd rnr® ixjr®Ok
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ m%Odk l%fudamdh ie,eiau ;=<ska
wjOdkh fhduq flreKs' idïm%∞hsl fkdjk
m%foaYj, rnr® j.dj jHdma; ls¯u iy M,∞hs;djh
by< kexùu" tu b,lalh lrd <Ûdùu i|yd 2016
jifr® ° .;a m%Odk Wmdhudr®.h úh' l=vd j;=
ysñhkag rnr® kej; j.dj iy wÆ;ska j.d ls¯u
i|yd ,ndfok iykdOdr l%uh 2016 jifr® ° o
l%shd;aul jQ w;r" ta yryd fylaghdr 538 la
kej; j.d ls¯u i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 193'0 la o"
fylaghdr 592'5 la wÆ;ska j.d ls¯u i|yd remsh,a
ñ,shk 179'9 la o jir ;=< ° jeh lrk ,°'
idïm%∞hsl fkdjk m%foaYj, rnr® j.dj jHdma;
ls¯fï wruq◊ka wïmdr" uq,;sõ iy jjqkshdj hk

†ia;%slal y∫kd f.k we;' ta wkqj" jir ;=< °
wïmdr †ia;%slalfha fylaghdr 212'6 l wÆ;ska
rnr® j.d flre◊' 2016 jifr® uehs ui isg
rnr® j.dj i|yd fmdfydr iykdOdr ,nd °fï
jevms<sfj,la rnr® ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska l%shdjg kxjk ,o w;r" tu.ska remsh,a
ñ,shk 91'1 l uqo,la m%;s,dNSka 38"472 lg ,nd °
we;' f,dal fj<|fmdf<ys rnr® ñ, ia:dhs uÜgul
mj;ajdf.k hEug wjYH ksr®foaY ,nd°ug
iajdNdúl rnr® ksmojk rgj, idud‚lhskaf.ka
ie≥ï,;a ixúOdkh u.ska úfYaI{ lñgqjla
msysgqjd we;' rnr® lr®udka;fha ixjr®Okh i|yd
rnr® mr®fhaIK wdh;kh u.ska o 2016 jifr® °
mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok jev igyka l%shd;aul
flre◊' wuq rnr® i|yd w.h tl;= ls¯u m%jr®Okh
iy wvq ;Sj%;djhla hgf;a ls˙ lemSu" w;=re fNda.
j.dj u.ska wdodhu jeä lr .ekSu jeks l%u ;=<ska
wuq rnr® ksIamdok ms˙jeh wvq lr .ekSu yd m%cd
iyNd.s;aj jk j.d jevigyk i|yd rnr® j.dj o
we;=<;a ls¯u" my; jefgk rnr® ñ, yuqfõ rnr®
lafIa;%fha m%.ukh i|yd rnr® mr®fhaIK wdh;kh
úiska .kakd ,o m%Odk ;SrK w;r úh' jir ;=< °
is≥ lrk ,o mr®fhaIK w;r ;jdka rnr® me<
i|yd iuia; fmdfydr Ndú;h wju ls¯u i|yd
ukao.dó f,i mig uqod yefrk fmdfydr jr®.
y∫kd .ekSu" ldnksl yd ldnksl fkdjk fmdfydr
ñY%Khla Ndú; lrñka ;sridr M,∞jla i|yd
rnr® j.d l< ìïj, mfia idrj;a nj m%jr®Okh
ls¯u" l=vd j;=ysñhka w;r by< M,∞jla ,ndfok
laf,dak m%p,s; ls¯u" frda. m%;sfrdaë rnr® laf,dak
y∫kd .ekSu iy m˙ir ys;ldó lDIs l<ukdlrK
Ndú;hka y∫kajd °u m%Odk úh' §;=re iúh§
iñ;s yd iïnkaO l=vd rnr® j;= ysñhka Wiia
;;a;ajfha ISÜ rnr® ksIamdokh ms<sn| mqyqKq ls¯u
is≥ flreKq w;r" rnr® mr®fhaIK wdh;kh u.ska
olajd we;s m%ñ;Skag wkqj Wiia ;;a;ajfha ISÜ rnr®
,nd.ekSfï wfmalaIdfjka hka;% yd WmlrK fn∞
fok ,†'
fmd,a j.d ls¯fï uKav,h" fmd,a mr®fhaIK
wdh;kh iy fmd,a ixjr®Ok wêld˙h úiska fmd,a
.fiys iy fmd,a j.d l< bvïj, M,∞hS;djh
kexùug;a" fmd,a j.dj jHdma; ls¯u yd frda.
m%;sfrdaë îc me< ksmoùug w∞< mr®fhaIK lghq;=
is≥ ls¯ug;a" úúO wdldrj,ska fmd,a wmkhkh
m%jr®Okh ls¯ug;a wjOdkh fhduq lrk ,°'
2016 jir ;=< ° fmd,a j.d ls¯fï uKav,h
úiska fmd,a ksIamdokh jeä ls¯ug yd fmd,a
cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu
bvïj, M,∞hS;dj jeä ls¯ug Wmdhudr®.sl
ie,iqï †h;a lrk ,°' fmd,a j.d i|yd fmdfydr
iemhSu ;=<ska fmd,a .fiys M,∞hS;dj by<
kexùu i|yd iykdOdr jevigyka wdrïN
flreKq w;r" fmd,a f,,s j<j,a ia:dms; ls¯u yd
mdxY= ixrlaIK jevms<sfj<j,a l%shd;aul ls¯u"
wvq úhoï k< u.ska c, iïmdokh l%shdjg
2
kexùu" mfiys f;;ukh md,kh iy w;=re
fNda. j.d ls¯u wd†h o l%shd;aul fl˙◊' fmd,a
mr®fhaIK wdh;kh" fmd,a ixjr®Ok wêld˙h
iy fmd,a j.d ls¯fï uKav,h tlaj lafIa;%fha
jr®Okh ks¯laIKh l< w;r" fmd,a f.ä wmkhk
m%jr®Okh" fmd,a ixjr®Ok wêld˙fha fjkafoaish
l%udkql+,;ajhg m;a ls¯u iy wdkhkh lrk
wdydrhg .kakd f;,a jr®.j,g mkjk ;Sre n≥
by< kexùu we;=Ω m%;sm;a;suh ksr®foaY o ,nd
fok ,°' fmd,a mr®fhaIK wdh;kh úiska wdrlaIs;
l,dm mj;ajdf.k hEu u.ska iy fmd,a j.d ls¯fï
uKav,fhka je,s.u m%foaYfha bvï ,nd f.k
je,s.u fld< ue,ùfï yd w;= yels<Sfï frda.hg
Tfrd;a;= fok îc me< ksmoùu wdrïN lrk ,°'
m%cduQ,sl ixúOdk f,i l=vd fmd,aj;= ysñhka
talrdYS ls¯ug §lmarel¶ jevigyk Yla;su;a lrk
,o w;r" tu.ska Tjqka jHdma;s fiajd jevigyka yd
iïnkaO lr .ekSug;a" N+ñfhys M,∞hS;dj
by< kxjd .ekSug;a" frda. yd m<sfndaO md,k
jevigyka iy w;=re fNda. j.djka yd i;a;aj
md,kh ;=<ska wdor®Y fmd,a j.djka ia:dms;
ls¯ug;a mshjr .ekq◊' †is¢ fmd,a ksIamdokh
i|yd kj lr®udka;Yd,d folla ia:dmkh ls¯ug o
wkque;sh ,nd ° ;sfí' fldyq fuda,a ysñhka GMP
cd;Hka;r ;;a;aj iy;sl ,nd .ekSu i|yd †˙u;a
flreKq w;r" fmd,a lr®udka;h jvd;a ,dN∞hS iy
wdlr®I”h uÜgulg m;a ls¯ug" 2016 jifr® °
kj fj<|fmd< wjia:d ms<sn|j o fidhd n,k ,°'
Y%S ,xldj jd◊c uÜgñka iSks ksIamdokh ls¯u
oYl lsysmhlg fmr wdrïN l< o" tu lr®udka;h
fï jk úg o jHqyd;aul .egÆ /ila yuqfõ
mSvdjg m;aj we;' Y%S ,xldj iSks lr®udka;h i|yd
fhda.H jgmsgdjla ksr®udKh ls¯ug ;ju;a iu;aj
fkdue;s w;r" tu lr®udka;fha ixjr®Okh i|yd
ys;lr ffk;sl" wdh;ksl yd kshduk rduqjla
ksr®udKh ls¯u w;HjYH fõ' wvq Wla wiajekak yd
Wla o`vq ys`.;djh" by< ksIamdok ms˙jeh"
ld,.=◊l ndOd" iSks ,nd .ekSfï wkqmd;h wvq
ùu yd lïlre .egÆ fuu lr®udka;h flfrys
wys;lr n,mEï we;s lrhs' rch úiska fuu .egÆ
ie,ls,a,g .ksñka Wla j.d ls¯fï yd ieliSfï
lghq;= ixjr®Okh ls¯fï wruq◊ka Y%S ,xld
63
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
Wla mr®fhaIK wdh;kh yd bka†hdfõ jixo∞
iSks wdh;kh (Vasantdada Sugar Institute) w;r
úoHd;aul iyfhda.S;d jevigykla wdrïN ls¯ug
lghq;= lrk ,°' fï w;r" Wla mr®fhaIK wdh;kh
2016 jifr® ° kj Wla m%fNao myla jd◊c uÜgfï
m¯laId ls¯ï i|yd y∫kd .kakd ,°' rch úiska
lka;f,a iSks lr®udka; Yd,dj rdcH fm!oa.,sl
2
yjq,ald˙;ajh (PPP) hgf;a kej; ia:dms; ls¯ug
wjYH uQ,sl lghq;= iïmdokh lrk ,°' foaYSh
f.dùka Wla j.dj i|yd †˙u;a ls¯u i|yd 2017
ckjd˙ ui 01 jeks †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† Wla
fuá%la fgdka tlla i|yd remsh,a 5"000'00 l wju
.ekqï ñ,la mekùug 2017 whjefhka fhdackd jQ
w;r ñ, WÉpdjpkh ùu" m,sfndaOl yd jk w,s
u.ska is≥ jk j.d ydks mokï lr .ksñka mek
ke.sh yels wys;lr n,mEïj,ska Wla f.dùka
wdrlaId lr .ekSug wruqo,la msysgqùug o bka
fhdackd lrk ,°'
jir ;=< ° lDIslr®u fomdr®;fïka;=jg
wh;a wdh;k rdcH m%;sm;a;s wkqj hñka foaYSh
lDIslr®udka;h kexùfuys,d jevigyka /ila
;j≥rg;a l%shdjg kxjk ,°' iy,a mr®fhaIK
wdh;kh fylaghdrhlg fuá%la fgdka 4'5-5'0 la
w;r by< wiajekakla ,nd .; yels m,sfndaO yd
frda. i|yd by< m%;sfrdaë;djhla olajk
BG 252, LD 253 yd BG 374 hk iy,a m%fNao y∫kajd
fok ,°' ridhksl øjH u.ska m<sfndaO md,kh
úhoï wêl fukau m˙ir ¥IKhg fya;= jk
neúka m<sfndaO yd frda. i|yd m%;sfrdaë m%fNao
ksmoùu m˙ir ys;ldó yd ms˙jeh wju jk iq≥iqu
úl,amhla f,i ie,lsh yelsh' fjk;a lafIa;% fNda.
wxYfha" fylaghdrhlska fuá%la fgdka 5'5-6'5 ;a
w;r wiajekakla ,nd fok MI Maize Hybrid 02
kj nv b˙`.= m%fNaoh iy m<uq wiajkq fk<Sfï °
ishhg 80'0 l muK wiajekakla ,nd fok MI 7
kj uqx m%fNaoh jir ;=< jdr®;d jQ iqúfYaIS kj
y∫kajd °ï f,i ±laúh yelsh' ;j o" lDIslr®u
fomdr®;fïka;=j hgf;a l%shd;aul îc ù ksIamdok
jevigyk o 2016 jifr® ° ie,lsh hq;= m%.;shla
fmkakqï lf<ah' ta wkqj" lDIslr®u fomdr®;fïka;=j
hgf;a jk rcfha îc f.dúm<j,ska iy .súiqï.;
.súiqïj,g t<U we;s f.dúm<j,ska l%uh hgf;a
,shdm†xÑ yd iy;sl l< îc ù fuá%la fgdka
3"863 la o" ,shdm†xÑ yd iy;sl l< iy jd◊cuh
jYfhka jQ fjk;a lafIa;% fNda. îc fuá%la fgdka
855'6 la o" iïu; t<jΩ îc fuá%la fgdka 9'8 la o
ksmojk ,°'
64
miq.sh ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< ° rch úiska
jd˙udr®. myiqlï mqΩ,a ls¯fuys,d úYd, f,i
m%d.aOk wdfhdack is≥ lrk ,°' 2016 jifr® °"
Y%S ,xldfõ úYd,;u nyqldr®h c, fhdackd l%uh
fukau uyje,s uy ie,eiafï we;=<;a úYd, c,dY
mfyka wjika c,dYh jk fudr.ylkao c,dYfha
jevlghq;= iïmQr®K lrk ,°' wlalr 460"000 la
mqrd me;sr we;s fudr.ylkao c,dYh" Y%S ,xldfõ
isõjeks úYd,;u c,dYh fõ' 2017 jifr® ckjd˙
udifha ° m%:u jrg jdka f∞rgq jid ouñka
c,dYhg c,h msrùfï lghq;= wdrïN lrk ,°'
fï w;r" fudr.ylkao c,dYfha ksjqka jHdmD;sh
f,i lΩ .`. c,dYh b† l< w;r tys isg
lsf,daógr® kjhla †.e;s we, udr®.hla Tiafia
fudr.ylkao c,dYhg c,h f.k tkq ,nhs' wUka
.`. føda◊fhka /ialr .kakd c,h lDIsldr®ñl
lghq;= i|yd ud;f,a" wkqrdOmqrh" fmdf<dkakrej
yd ;%sl=Kdu,h hk †ia;%slalhkag fn∞ °u fuu
iuia; jHdmD;sfha wruqK fõ' óg wu;rj" fuu
jHdmD;sh Tiafia cd;sl ú≥,sn, moaO;shg fu.d
fjdÜ 25 l Od˙;djla tla flfrhs' fï w;r" 2017
whjeh u.ska jd˙udr®. fhdackd l%u lsysmhla
ixjr®Okh ls¯ug fhdackd lrk ,°' ta wkqj"
uvl,mqj †ia;%slalfha jd˙udr®. lghq;= yd .xj;=r
m%Yakh úi£u i|yd ±kg mj;sk §ls;=,a¶ yd
§re.ï¶ c,dY oaú;ajh taldnoaO lr úYd,
c,dYhla ksr®udKh ls¯u i|yd o" fudkrd.,
†ia;%slalfha l=Uqlalka Th c,dY nyqldr®h
jHdmD;shg yd ukakdrï †ia;%slalfha §;rmQrï¶ jej
m%;sixialrKh ls¯u i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 600 la o
fjka lrk ,°' ;jo" hdka Th jHdmD;sh i|yd
remsh,a ì,shkhla o" my< u,aj;= Th jd˙udr®.
jHdmD;sh i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 300 la o jir ;=< °
fjka lrk ,°' ndysr n,mEï yuqfõ lDIs ridhk
u.ska c,h u; m%udKd;aulj yd .=Kd;aulj we;s
lrkq ,nk n,mEu ks¯laIKh ls¯ug myiqlï
ie,iSu i|yd lDIs lafIa;%fha ;;ald,Sk o;a; tla/ia
ls¯u iajhxl%Shj wëlaIKh ls¯fï moaO;shla
†ia;%slal wgla wdjrKh jk m˙† ia:dms; ls¯ug;a"
fõ,s wdrlaIK yd c, ie,iqïlrK jHdmD;sh
;j≥rg;a mqΩ,a ls¯ug;a remsh,a ñ,shk 200 la
fjka lrk ,°'
mY= iïm;a wxYfha m%uqL;d y∫kdf.k ilia
lrk ,o m%Odk ie,eiaug wkqj i;a;aj ksIamdok yd
fi!LH fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska jevigyka
/ila l%shdjg kxjk ,°' foaYSh ls˙ ksIamdokh
iuia; foaYSh b,aÆu imqrd,Sug ;ju;a fkdyels

;;a;ajhl mej;=K o" lD;%su isxpk uOHia:dk
jeä†hqKq ls¯u u.ska t< .j" ó .j iy tΩ .yKh
jeä ls¯u" iajdNdúl wNsckk jevigyka i|yd
jiq megjqka f;dard .ekSu iy ;DK j.d ixjr®Okh
u.ska foaYSh ls˙ ksIamdokh jeä ls¯ug mshjr
.kakd ,°' lD;s%u isxpk u.ska ìys lr .kakd ,o
.eyeKq megjqka fmdaIKh yd md,kh ls¯u i|yd
f.dùkag iydh ,nd fok §jeiais megjqka we;s ±ä
ls¯fï jHdmD;sh¶ 2016 ;=< ° o l%shd;aul úh'
mY= iïm;a ixjr®Okh i|yd jk wdh;ksl
iydh Yla;su;a lrñka" §lafIa;% mY= ffjoH
fiajd ixjr®Ok jevigyk¶ hgf;a mY= ffjoH
m¯laIK uOHia:dk y;rla mq;a;,u †ia;%slalfha
wdrÉÑlÜgqj m%foaYfha o" uq,;sõ †ia;%slalfha
je,sTh m%foaYfha o" wkqrdOmqr †ia;%slalfha kdÉpd¥j
m%foaYfha o" n≥,a, †ia;%slalfha fidrkdf;dg
m%foaYfha o ia:dms; flre◊' rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl
yjq,ald˙;ajh hgf;a f;dard.;a †ia;%slalj, cd;sl
mY= iïm;a uKav,h i;= m%fhdackhg fkd.;a fyda
W!k Wmfhda.S;djhla iys; bvï Wmfhda.S
lrf.k ls˙ ksIamdok ixjr®Ok l,dm msysgqùug
†˙u;a lrk ,°' rfgys †hr ls˙ ksIamdokh
jeä ls¯u i|yd wdkhkh lrk ,o ls˙ fokqka
oifofkl= ne.ska ls˙ f.dùka fj; ,nd °ug o"
tu .jhska ñ,° .ekSug f.dùkag ±˙h yels uqo,
yd wdkhksl ñ, w;r mr;rh rch úiska uQ,Hkh
ls¯u ms◊i wjYH iydh ,nd °ug o kshñ;h'
ls˙ msá i|yd jk cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd< ñ,
by< hEu yuqfõ o .%Eï 400 l ls˙msá melÜgqjla
remsh,a 295'00 lg wf,ú ls¯u kshdukh ls¯ug
;SrKh ls¯u foaYSh ls˙ ksIamdolhskag fukau
md˙fNda.slhkag o ;j≥rg;a ys;lr úh' i;a;aj
wdydr ksIamdok lr®udka;h i|yd wjYH m%Odk
wuqøjH jk nv b˙`.= foaYSh fj<|fmdf<a ys`.
jk wjia:dj, °" i;a;aj wdydr ksIamdolhskag
wjYH nv b˙`.= m%udKh fiia noaola u; wdkhkh
ls¯ug wjia:djla ,nd °" fuu fiia n≥ l=l=Ω uia
wmkhkh lrkq ,nk wjia:dfõ ° wmkhkh
lrkq ,nk l=l=Ω uia m%udKhg idfmalaIj
wmkhk n≥ m%;s∞khla f,i ,nd °ug rch úiska
whjeh fhdackdjla f,i b†˙m;a lrk ,°' ndysr
mdr®Yjhka u.ska is≥ lrkq ,nk i;a;aj md,k
lghq;= i`oyd wdfhdackh ls¯ug fm!oa.,sl wxYh
†˙u;a flreKq w;r" M,∞hS;dj by< kexùug
wjYH fiajd ,nd °ug o lghq;= i,ik ,°'
kS;s úfrdaë" jdr®;d fkdjk iy wúêu;a
ëjr lghq;= iSud ls¯u i|yd rch u.ska .kq ,enQ
l%shdudr®. fya;=fjka" hqfrdamd ix.uh úiska 2015
cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu
ckjd˙ ui isg jir tlyudrl ld,hla mqrd
Y%S ,xldjg tfrysj mkjd ;snQ hqfrdamd ix.ufha
rgj,a i|yd jQ u;aiH wmkhk ;yku 2016 cqks
ui 17 isg bj;a lrk ,°' kS;s úfrdaë" jdr®;d
fkdjk yd wúêu;a ëjr lghq;= md,kh i|yd
l%shdudr®. .ekSug wfmdfydi;a ùu" .eUqre uqyqfoa
hd;%d ms<sn| ksis md,khla fkdue;s ùu iy
2
cd;Hka;r yd l,dmSh ëjr kS;s¯;sj,g wkql+,j
lghq;= ls¯ug wfmdfydi;a ùu hkd†h u;aiH
ksIamdok wmkhk u; fuu ;yku mekùug
fya;= úh' ëjr lr®udka;h b;d m%d.aOk iQlaIu
jk kuq;a m%d.aOk ,eîï wfmalaIs; uÜgñka is≥
fkdùu ie,ls,a,g .ksñka ëjr yd c,c iïm;a
wud;HdxYh úiska ëjr fndaÜgq yd wdïmkak
kùlrKh i|yd jQ úúO iykdOdr jevigyka
wLKavj l%shd;aul lrk ,°' ksIamdolhka fj;
iykdOdr iemhSfï fhdackd l%uh hgf;a 2015
jifr® ° ksl=;a lrk ,o ëjr wdïmkak tall 990
yd idïm%∞hsl hd;%d 253 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® °
ëjr wdïmkak tall 13"150 la iy idïm%∞hsl
hd;%d 664 la ksl=;a lrk ,°' úYd, m˙udKfha
ëjr hd;%djkays ys`.;djh ms<sn|j wjOdkh
fhduq l< rch" cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<a by<
ñ, .Kka ,efnk Wiia ;;a;ajfha uiqka w,a,d
.ekSug ëjr m%cdjg bvm%ia:d ,nd foñka"
wä 55 g jvd jeä †.ska hq;a fndaÜgq ksIamdokfha °
ishhg 50'0 l m%∞khla ,nd °ug ;SrKh lrk ,°'
2017 whjeh u.ska o ëjr lr®udka;h k.disgqùu
i|yd mshjr /ila fhdackd lrk ,°' ta wkqj"
fufyhqï ldr®hlaIu;djh jeä†hqKq ls¯u iy
miq wiajkq ydksh wju ls¯fï wruqK we;sj
nyq†k ëjr hd;%d i|yd kj ;dlaIKh y∫kajd
°u †˙u;a ls¯ug .kaor ëjr jrdh yd kex.=rïm<
ixjr®Okh i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 100 la fjka lrk
,°' ;j o" yïnkaf;dg" uvl,mqj yd hdmkh
we;=Ω fjr<dY%s; †ia;%slal 10 l iy l,mq wdY%s;
m%foaYhkays ëjr ksjdi yd „jfkdamdh ixjr®Okh
b,lal lr .ksñka ëjr .ïudk jeä†hqKq ls¯u
i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 1"200 la fjka lrk ,°' w.h
tl;= l< ksIamdok f,i wmkhkh ls¯u u.ska
wmkhk wd∞hï by< kexùfï yelshdj y∫kd
f.k ukakdru †ia;%slalfha c,„ù j.d lr®udka;
l,dm msysgqùug remsh,a ñ,shk 500 la fjka lrk
,°' ñ˙†h ëjr lr®udka;fha ixjr®Okh u.ska
fmdaIK W!k;d wju ls¯u" /lshd wjia:d we;s
ls¯u" lr®udka; jeä†hqKq ls¯u jeks nyqúO m%;s,dN
65
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
,nd °fï wruq◊ka §jejla iys; .ula¶ jevigyk
hgf;a taldnoaO ñ˙†h .ïudk 100 la we;s ls¯u
i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 300 la fjka lrk ,°' ëjr
yd c,c iïm;a ixjr®Ok wud;HdxYh úiska ,xld
nexl=j yd tlaj fufyhjkq ,nk §†hjr †˙h¶
Kh fhdackd l%ufha ˚˚ w†hr hgf;a 2016 jifr® °
wh≥ïlrejka 62 la i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 42'2 la
2
,nd fok ,°' ñ˙†h ëjr iy c,„ù j.d
wxYfha ixjr®Okh i|yd we;s bv m%ia:d y∫kd
.ksñka cd;sl c,„ù j.d ixjr®Ok wêld˙fha
yd fm!oa.,sl wNsckkd.dr ;=< 2016 jifr® °
ñ˙†h biaika megjqka ñ,shk 39'6 la ksmojk ,°'
fï w;r" ñ˙†h biaika megjqka ñ,shk 38'0 la
yd u;aiH megjqka ñ,shk 64'3 la c,dYj,g
ksoyia ls¯ug lghq;= lrk ,°' cd;sl c,„ù
j.d ixjr®Ok wêld˙h foaYSh u;aiH ksIamdokh
m%udKd;aulj yd .=Kd;aulj by< kexùfï
wruq◊ka wdydr ksIamdok cd;sl jevigyk
^2016-2018& hgf;a jevigyka /ila l%shdjg kxjk
,°' iq≥ mq,a,s frda.h fya;=fjka ±ä miqnEulg
,la jQ biaika j.d lr®udka;h h<s k.disgqùu i|yd
miq.sh jir lsysmh mqrd úúO jevigyka l%shd;aul
lrk ,°' ta wkqj" biaika wNsckk uOHia:dk
kshdukh yd biaika megjqka f;d. m¯laIdj
wLKavj is≥ lrk ,°' óg wu;rj" n;a;=ΩTh msysá
biaika f.dúm< wëlaIK ls¯fï yd fn∞ ye¯fï
tallh u.ska f.dùkag biaika j.dj wdY%s;j we;s
jk frda. y∫kd .ekSug w∞< fiajdjka imhk ,°'
kef.kysr m<df;a biaika j.d lghq;= m%p,s; ls¯u
i|yd iydh ùug rdcH fm!oa.,sl yjq,ald˙;ajh
hgf;a l<ukdlrKh lrkq ,nk biaika
wNsckkd.drhla uvl,mqfõ msysgqjk ,°' cd;sl
c,„ù j.d ixjr®Ok wêld˙h úiska hdmkh"
ls,sfkdÉÑh yd ukakdru m%foaYhkays uqyq≥ me,Eá
(Sea Weed) j.dj i|yd o f;jkamsÜá" ukakdru
ol=Kq jrdh" wïnqmqrï" jf,hsmdvq yd kdÉÑl=vd
m%foaYhkays uqyq≥ l+ve,a,ka (Sea Cucumber) j.dj
i|yd o fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj; myiqlï i,ik
,°' m%uqL fm!oa.,sl iud.ula úiska W;=re m<df;a
f.dùka 1"000 l muK iyNd.s;ajfhka jd◊c
uÜgfï uqyq≥ me<Eá j.d lghq;= wdrïN lrk ,°'
úhÜkduh yd cd;sl c,„ù j.d ixjr®Ok wêld˙h
w;r we;s lr .kakd ,o wjfndaO;d .súiqu hgf;a
fm!oa.,sl wNsckkd.drhla ;=< uqyq≥ l+ve,a,ka
wNsckkhg w∞< úfYaI{ ±kqu ,nd fok ,o
w;r" 2016 jifr® ° uqyq≥ l+ve,a,ka megõ 435"000 l
j.dfjka fuá%la fgdka 61'4 l wiajekakla ,nd
.kakd ,°'
66
2'3 rEm igyk
l¾udka;j, o< tl;=l, w.h
^2010 ia:djr ñ,&
3,000
2,500
2,000
remsh,a ì,shk
1,500
1,000
500
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
m;,a yd le”ï ú≥,sh .Eia yd c,h
ksIamdok b†ls¯ï
uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
l¾udka;
2016 jifr® ° lr®udka; lghq;=j, tl;=
l< w.h" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 2'1 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg 6'7 l by< jr®Okhla
jdr®;d lrk ,°' b†ls¯ï lr®udka;" m;,a yd le”ï
lr®udka;" ksIamdok lr®udka;" ú≥,sh" c,h iy
li, l<ukdlrK lghq;= hk ishÆu lr®udka;
lghq;= fuu jr®Okh i|yd ys;lr f,i ∞hl úh'
ta wkqj" 2015 jifr® ° my; jegqKq b†ls¯ï lghq;=
fukau m;,a yd le”ï lghq;= o fuu jir ;=< °
b;d hym;a jr®Okhla fmkakqï lrk ,°' tfukau"
ksIamdok lr®udka; lghq;= o 2016 jifr® °
Okd;aul f,i jr®Okh úh' ;jo" ú≥,sh" c,h
iy li, l<ukdlrK lghq;=j, jr®Okfhys
olakg ,enqKq hym;a m%jK;dj ;j≥rg;a
wLKavj meje;=◊' fuys°" jHdmdr wfmalaId
ms<sn| iólaIKfhys lr®udka; wxYhg wod< Wm
or®Yl o jir ;=< ° iuia;hla jYfhka Okd;aul
jr®Okhla fmkakqï lrk ,°'
m;,a yd leΕ
2016 jifr® ° m;,a yd le”ï wdY%s;
ls%hdldrlïj, tl;= l< w.h" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d
l< ishhg 5'2 l my; jeàug idfmalaIj ishhg
14'4 lska jr®Okh úh' b†ls¯ï lghq;=j, by<
jr®Okh m;,a iy le”ï wdY%s; ls%hdldrlïj,
hym;a jr®Okh i|yd fnfyúka ∞hl úh' ;jo"
2015 jifr® ° ishhg 48'1 l my; jeàula jdr®;d l<
L◊c øjH wmkhk m˙ud or®Ylh" 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 7'9 l jr®Okhla jdr®;d ls¯u ;=<ska o m;,a
yd leӕ lghq;=j, we;s jQ hym;a m%jK;dj
 cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu

ms<sìUq úh' ;jo" 2016 jifr® ° ue◊la wmkhkh my; jegq◊' flfia jqjo" ksIamdok lghq;=j,
m%udKd;aulj .;a l<" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< iuia; jr®Okh i|yd ys;lr f,i ∞hl fjñka
ishhg 17'1 l my< hEug idfmalaIj ishhg 8'4 l wfkl=;a ishÆu ksIamdok ldKavj, tl;=
jr®Okhla jdr®;d lrk ,°' fï w;r" rEghs,a iy l< w.h Okd;aul jr®Okhla jdr®;d lrk ,o
ir®fldaka ksIamdokh fuu jifr® ° jr®Okh jQ w;r fuys ° m%Odk jYfhka rnr® iy ma,diaála
w;r" b,aukhsÜ ksIamdokh my; jegq◊' flfia ksIamdok ishhg 17'9 lska o f,day iy ta wdY%s;
jqjo" m%Odk jYfhka fmdfydr ksIamdokh i|yd jQ ksIamdok ishhg 28'7 lska fukau hka;% iQ;%

2
wvq b,aÆu fya;=fjka fuu jifr® ° fmdiafmaÜ iy WmlrK ksIamdokh ishhg 14'1 lska o
ksIamdokh my; jegq◊' jr®Okh úh' YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska udislj
.Kkh lrkq ,nk ksIamdok wxYfhys .ekqï
ksIamdok l¾udka; l<ukdlrejkaf.a or®Ylfhys yeis¯u i,ld
2016 jifr® ° ksIamdok lr®udka;j, tl;= ne,Sfï °" wfma%,a iy uehs hk udi yer jifr®
l< w.h" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 4'9 l fiiq udi j, ° or®Yl w.h jr®Okhla fmkakqï
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg 1'7 l wvq fõ.hlska lrk ,°' fuys°" ksIamdok" kj weKjqï" .ekqï
jr®Okh úh' fuu idfmalaI wvq jr®Okh flfrys f;d." fiajd kshqla;sh iy weKjqula iemhSug
ksIamdok lr®udka;fhys úYd,;u ldKavh jk iemhqïlrejkag .;jk ld,h hk fuu or®Ylfhys
wdydr" îu iy ≥ïfld< ksIamdok lghq;=j, tl;= ishÆu Wm or®Ylj, jdr®Isl idudkHh Okd;aul
l< w.h" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 3'7 l jr®Okhla fmkakqï lrk ,°' fï w;r" ckf,aLk yd
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr®° ishhg 2'5 lska ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska iïmdokh
my; jeàu m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' ;jo" 2016 lrkq ,nk ldr®ñl ksIamdok or®Ylh ^2015}100&
jifr®° f,dayuh fkdjk fjk;a Lksc ksIamdok 2016 jir ;=< ° ishhg 3'3 lska jr®Okh úh'
lghq;=j, tl;= l< w.h ishhg 13'1 lska o fr†ms<s"
l¾udka;Yd,d ksIamdok o¾Ylh3
ksñ we∫ï" iï iy iïNdKav wdY%s; ksIamdok
lghq;=j, tl;= l< w.h ishhg 0'2 lska o úfoaY b,aÆu wvq ùu iy f,dal fj<|fmdf<ys
NdKav ñ, .Kka my; jeàu fukau" whym;a
2'4 rEm igyk ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajhkaj, n,mEfuka iemhqï wxYfha
.ekqï l<ukdlrejkaf.a o¾Ylh ^w& we;s jQ wjysr;d fya;=fjka ksIamdok lr®udka; Wm
80.0 wxYhg by< ∞hl;ajhla imhk lr®udka;Yd,d
ksIamdokh 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 2'7 l my< hEula
70.0 jdr®;d lf<ah' ksIamdok lr®udka; Wm wxYfha
m%jK;d ms<sìUq lrk lr®udka;Yd,d ksIamdok
60.0 or®Ylh" 2016 jir ;=< ° ñY% l%shdld˙;ajhla
fmkakqï lf<ah' wdydr ksIamd†;" we`.Æï" mdk
50.0 jr®." ≥ïfld< ksIamd†;" ridhk øjH iy ridhk
øjH wdY%s; ksIamd†;" ilia l< f,day ksIamd†; iy
40.0 ú≥,s WmlrK hk m%Odk Wm wxYj, l%shdld˙;ajh
flfrys 2016 jir ;=< ° wys;lr n,mEï we;s úh'
30.0 tfia jqj o" fr†ms<s" wfkl=;a f,day fkdjk Lksc
ck'
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ksIamd†;" rnr® iy ma,diaála ksIamd†;" ms˙my≥ l<

2015 2016

fiajd wxYfhys .ekqï l<ukdlrejkaf.a or®Ylh 3 tla tla lr®udka; wxYh i|yd lr®udka;Yd,d ksIamdok or®Ylh ;=< nr
ksIamdok wxYfhys .ekqï l<ukdlrejkaf.a or®Ylh ;eîï 2010 jir mokï jr®Ih f,i i,lñka is≥ lr we;' ta w;r u" ck
^w& .ekqï l<ukdlrejkaf.a or®Ylh" fmr udihg idfmalaIj i,ld n,kq f,aLk yd ixLHd f,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ldr®ñl ksIamdok or®Ylhla
,nk udih ;=< ° is≥jQ jr®OkSh ;;a;ajhka ms<sn|j úuiSug ,la lrkq iïmdokh lrk w;r" th 2015 mokï jr®Ih jYfhka i,ld f;dard .;a
,nk ixcdkk iólaIKhla u; mokïj we;' 0 isg 100 olajd mrdih ldr®ñl NdKav kshe¢hla mokï lr .ksñka ilikq ,efí' fuu ixhqla;
;=< úysfok úirK or®Ylhla (Diffusion Index) jk fuys or®Yl w.h or®Ylh u.ska lr®udka; wxYfha ksIamdok Od˙;dfjys fláld,Sk fjkiaùï
tys lvbï uÜgu f,i .efkk or®Yl w.h jk 50g jvd jeä kï y∫kd .; yelsfõ' 2017 jifr® isg cd;sl .sKqï ieliSfï ldr®hhka i|yd
w∞, ls%hdldrlfuys jr®Okhla o or®Yl w.h 50g jvd wvq kï tys my; ldr®ñl ksIamdok or®Ylh fhd∞ .ekSug kshñ;j we;' ta wkqj" 2017 jdr®Isl
jeàula o fmkakqï flfr®' jdr®;dj ;=< wvx.= lr®udka; wxYfha úYaf,aIKh ldr®ñl ksIamdok or®Ylh
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j fhd∞ f.k is≥ ls¯ug kshñ;h'

67
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

Lkscf;,a ksIamd†;" iï iy iï wdY%s; ksIamd†;
fukau uQ,sl f,day ksIamd†; 2016 jir ;=< °
hym;a jr®Okhla fmkakqï lf<ah'
lr®udka;Yd,d ksIamdok or®Ylfhys m%Odk Wm
wxYh jk wdydr ksIamd†; Wm wxYh" 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d lrk ,o Okd;aul jr®Okh yd iei£fï °
2016 jir ;=< ° ishhg 3'2 lska ixfldapkh úh'
fya;= úh' fuf,i ≥ïjeá ñ, by< hEu fya;=fjka
fj<|fmd< ;=< kS;s úfrdaë ≥ïjeá fyda ñf,ka
wvq îä jeks fi!LHhg b;d wys;lr wdfoaYl
i|yd jk b,aÆu by< hEug yelsh' Y%S ,xld
fr®.=fjys o;a;j,g wkqj" 2016 jifr® ° jeg,Sï
u.ska rdcika;l lrk ,o kS;s úfrdaë ≥ïjeá
ñ,shk 4 l m%udKhg idfmalaIj" 2017 jifr®

2
uq,a udi fol ;=< ° muKla kS;s úfrdaë ≥ïjeá
ls˙ ksIamd†;" t<jΩ" i;a;aj f;,a" ilia l< yd ñ,shk 10 lg jvd jeä m%udKhla rdcika;l
l,a;nd .; yels f,i ilia lrk ,o uia lrk ,°' ;jo" îä ksIamdokh wffOr®hj;a ls¯fï
wdY%s; ksIamd†; iy w.h tl;= l< f;a ksIamd†; wruq◊ka f;ka≥ fld< (Tendu Leaves) u; wdkhk
hkd†fhys ksuejqu jir ;=< ° my; jegq◊' n≥ by< ±óu is≥ jqj;a" ta i|yd foaYSh wdfoaYl
flfia fj;;a" fíl˙ ksIamd†;" iSks" uelfrdaks yd fhd∞ .ekSug foaYSh ksIamdolhka fm<ö we;'
kQâ,aia" ilia l< wdydr hkd†fhys ksuejqu jir
;=< ° by< .sfhah' jvd;a fi!LH iïmkak úl,am 2'9 ixLHd igyk
wdydr jr®. fj; md˙fNda.slhka fhduq ùfï l¾udka;Yd,d ksIamdok o¾Ylh
2010 } 100
m%;sM,hla f,i fi!LH iïmkak wdydr i|yd
jk f,dal fj<|fmd< ms˙jegqu 2017 jifr® ° jdr®Isl
t'c'fvd,r® á%,shkh olajd by< hEula wfmalaId 2015 2016
fjkiaùu
]
ldKavh
flfr®' tneúka" Y%S ,xldfõ nyq, f,i mj;sk ^w& ^wd&
2014$15 2015$16
ëjr iïm;a" m,;=re iy t<jΩ weiqreï lr ^w& ^wd&
cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd< fj; wmkhkh ls¯ug 1' wdydr ksIm a d†; ^23'7]& 107.3 103.9 4.9 -3.2
2' mdk jr®. ^8'1]& 123.1 106.6 10.1 -13.4
we;s wjia:d y∫kd .ekSu fuu Wm wxYfha b†˙
3' ≥ïfld< ksIm a d†; ^8'4]& 95.4 92.4 8.9 -3.2
jr®Okhg fya;= jkq we;' 4' fr†ms<s ^1'6]& 131.0 134.4 -1.4 2.6
5' weÛÆï ^23'1]& 173.4 169.2 16.0 -2.4
jir ;=< ° mdk jr®. Wm wxYh" tys m%Odk;u 6' iï iy wdY%; s ksIma d†; ^0'8]& 86.4 107.0 -10.9 23.8
ldKavh jk u;ameka ksIamdokh wvq ùu fya;=fjka 7' .Dy NdKav yer" ±j iy ±j
ishhg 13'4 l wvq ùula jdr®;d lf<ah' jir ueo ksIm
a d†; ^0'1]& 121.7 129.0 11.7 6.0
8' lv∞is iy lv∞is ksIma d†;
we;s jQ .xj;=r ;;a;ajh" furg îr ksIamdokh ^0'1]& 126.6 126.6 0.0 0.0
lrk úYd,;u lr®udka; Yd,dfjys l%shdld˙;ajh 9' uqøKh iy ;eá msgm;a ls¯u
flfrys wys;lr f,i n,mEu" u;ameka ksIamdokh ^0'7]& 112.4 112.4 0.0 0.0

wvq ùug m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' ;j o" fuda,aÜ 10' ms˙my≥ l< Lksc f;,a
ksIm a d†; ^2'2]& 82.6 84.3 -3.9 2.1
wvx.= ls˙ ksIamd†; o fmr jirg jvd miqnEula
11' ridhk øjH iy ridhk
ms<sìUq lf<ah' tfia jqj;a" jir wjidk ld,fha ° øjH wdY%;
s ksIm
a d†; ^6'3]& 88.3 77.4 7.5 -12.4
meje;s úh<s ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajfha n,mEu ksid
12' T!IO" T!Iëh iy WoaNos
isis,a îu yd fnda;,a l< mdkSh c,h hkd†fhys úoHd;aul ksIm a d†; ^0'1]& 142.2 145.4 -0.4 2.3
b,aÆu by< hEu fya;=fjka ksIamdokh jr®Okh 13' rnr® iy ma,diaála ksIm a d†;
^10'5]& 131.3 138.5 -2.2 5.4
úh'
14' wfkl=;a f,day fkdjk
≥ïfld< ksIamd†; Wm wxYh 2016 jifr® ° Lksc ksIma d†; ^7'2]& 118.8 132.0 15.4 11.1

ishhg 3'2 l jdr®Isl miqnEula jdr®;d lf<ah' 15' uQ,ls f,day ksIma d†; ^1'0]& 115.0 148.0 1.8 28.7

2015 w. Nd.fha ° iy 2016 jir ;=< ° ≥ïjeá 16' hkaf;%dma lrK iy WmlrK
yer" ilia l< f,day
ñ, ;j≥rg;a by< hEu fya;=fjka md˙fNda.sl ksIm
a d†; ^3'8]& 109.8 72.9 13.0 -33.6
b,aÆfuys is≥ jQ my< hEu fï i|yd uQ,sl jYfhka 17' ú≥,s WmlrK ^2'3]& 130.6 118.4 31.3 -9.3
n,mdk ,°' iuia;hla f,i" 2016 jir ;=< ° lr®udka;Yd,d ksIm
a dok or®Ylh 125.4 122.0 9.2 -2.7
fj<|fmdf<ys we;s ishÆu ≥ïjeá jr®.j, ñ,
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
ishhg 45'0 isg 100'0 olajd jQ m%;sY;hlska by< ^wd& ;djld,sl
igyk ( 1 lr®udka;Yd,d ksIamdok or®Ylfha ^2010}100& nr ;eîu
.sfhah' 2016 jir ;=< ° ≥ïjeá ñ, by< hEu jryka ;=< olajd we;'
i|yd ≥ïfld< ksIamd†; u; fkdjeïnr® udifha ° 2 ldr®ñl ksIamdok or®Ylh" lr®udka;Yd,d ksIamdok
or®Ylh f,i 2013 jifr® ° kej; kï lrk ,°'
mkjk ,o ishhg 15'0 l tl;= l< w.h u; noao

68
 cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu

rg ;=< wkjir yd kS;súfrdaë ≥ïfld< ksIamd†;j, fj<|fmd<j,a jk lekvdj" Ökh" ´iafÜ%,shdj

jHdma;sh iSud ls¯ug ±ä l%shdudr®. wkq.ukh l< iy tlai;a wrdì tór® rdcHh hk rgj,a fj; jQ
hq;=j we;s nj fuhska fmkakqï flfr®' weÛÆï wmkhkj, by< hEula fuu ld,h
;=< olakg ,enq◊' úfYaI m%;s,dN iys; fj<|
2016 jifr® °" fr†ms<s Wm wxYh ishhg 2'6 l
jr®Okhla jdr®;d lf<ah' foaYSh fj<|fmdf<ys jrKhka ms<sn| fmd≥ l%uh (GSP+) kej; ia:dms;
fr†ms<s i|yd jQ b,aÆu by< hEu fuu Wm wxYfha ùfï yelshdj iu`. u hqfrdamd ix.uh fj; is≥
jr®Okhg m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' Y%S ,xldj lrk wmkhkj, by< hEu Y%S ,xldfõ weÛÆï

2
2016 jifr® ° fr†ms<s iy fr†ms<s whs;u wdkhk lr®udka;fhys ixjr®Okh flfrys iqúfYaIS
i|yd t'c'fvd,r® ì,shk 2'7 la muK jeh lr ∞hl;ajhla olajkq we;ehs wfmalaId flfr®' flfia
we;' fuu.ska foaYSh w;ahka;% fr†ms<s iy fr†ms<s fj;;a" rgla by< ue† wd∞hï rgj,a w;rg we;=Ω ù
lr®udka;Yd,dj, ksIamdok yelshdj by< kexùfï jir 3 l ld,hla iïmQr®K ls¯fuka miq úfYaI
wjia:d ms<sn| fidhd ne,Sfï wjYH;dj wjOdrKh m%;s,dN iys; fj<| jrKhka ms<sn| fmd≥ l%uh
lrkq ,nhs' we;eï weÛÆï wmkhklrejka i|yd wjika fõ' ±kg mqfrdal:kh fldg we;s jr®Ok
úfYaIs; jQ fr†ms<s wjYH jk neúka by< tl;= wkqmd;slj,g wkqj" Y%S ,xldj o fuu ;;a;ajhg
l< w.hla iys; fr†ms<s ksIamdokh flfrys ue† ld,Skj <Ûd jkq we;' tneúka" fuu flá
fr†ms<s ksIamdok lr®udka;h fhduq úh hq;= w;r" ld,iSudj ;=< ° úfYaI m%;s,dN iys; fj<|
tu.ska ldr®ñl wxYh ;=< miq ksIamdok l%shdj,Ska jrKhka ms<sn| fmd≥ l%ufha iïmQr®K m%;s,dN
(Backward Linkages) iïnkaëlrKh ;=<ska weÛÆï ,nd .ekSu i|yd foaYSh weÛÆï lr®udka;lrejka
lr®udka;hg o m%;s,dN ,nd .ekSfï yelshdj we;' fkdmudj l%shd l< hq;= fõ' ta iuÛu" foaYSh
fujeks lghq;= flfrys wjOdkh fhduq ls¯u weÛÆï ksIamd†; i|yd jk wmkhk fj<|fmd<
foaYSh ldr®ñl lghq;= jeä†hqKq ls¯ug fukau" úúOdx.SlrKh ls¯ug iydh ùu i|yd iq≥iq
rfÜ úfoaY úksuh iïm;a b;s˙ lr .ekSug o yjq,aldr rgj,a iuÛ fj<| .súiqï mqΩ,a ls¯u
fya;= jkq we;' ms<sn|j wmkhklrejka úiska i,ld ne,sh hq;= fõ'
;jo" lr®udka;h uqyqK ° we;s Y%u ysÛhg ms<shula
lr®udka;Yd,d ksIamdok or®Ylfha fojk f,i úfYaIfhkau" W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;a
úYd,;u Wm wxYh jk weÛÆï Wm wxYh 2016 we;=Ωj w.kqj˙ka neyer m%foaYj, lr®udka; kej;
jifr® ° ishhg 2'4 l miqnEula jdr®;d lrñka ia:dms; ls¯u ;j≥rg;a jr®Okh l< hq;=h' ;jo"
ukao.dó l%shdld˙;ajhla fmkakqï lf<ah' by< .=Kd;aul Ndjfhka hq;= iemhqïlrefjl=
weu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh iy hqfrdamSh ix.uh f,i Y%S ,xldj ysñ lrf.k we;s fj<|fmd<
jeks idïm%∞hsl fj<|fmd< fj;ska wmkhk ia:djr;ajh iuÛ iemhqï há;, myiqlï"
i|yd jQ b,aÆu my; jeàu fuhg uQ,sl jYfhka N+f.da,Sh msysàu iy mqyqKq Y%u n,ldh hkd†fhys
fya;= úh' flfia fj;;a" idïm%∞hsl fkdjk jdis Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka l,dmSh weÛÆï fj<|
2'5 rEm igyk uOHia:dkhla f,i ia:djr ùug Y%S ,xldjg we;s
l¾udka;Yd,d ksIamdok o¾Ylh yelshdj i,ld ne,sh hq;= fõ'
^2010=100&
iï yd iï wdY%s; ksIamd†; 2016 jifr® °
140
ishhg 23'8 l ie,lsh hq;= jr®Okhla fmkakqï
lf<ah' fuu Wm wxYh 2014 jifr® isg jdr®;d
130
l< ukao.dó l%shdld˙;ajh h:d ;;a;ajhg m;a ùu
i|yd foaYSh fj<|fmdf<ys mdjyka iy ksu l<
or®Yl w.h

120

iï ksIamd†; i|yd jQ b,aÆu kej; by< hEu

110
fya;= úh'
100 ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj úiska ms˙my≥
lrkq ,nk Lkscf;,a ksIamd†;j,ska uqΩukskau
90
mdfya iukaú; jk ms˙my≥ l< Lkscf;,a
wfm%a'

uehs

cqks

cQ,s

wf.da'

iema'

Tla'

fkdje'

foie'
ck'

fmn'

udr®'

ksIamd†; Wm wxYh 2016 jir ;=< ° ishhg 2'1 lska

2014 2015 2016 jr®Okh úh' 2015 jifr® ° wÆ;ajeähd iy kv;a;=
uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j lghq;= i|yd Lkscf;,a ms˙my≥j i;s lsysmhla

69
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

úfYaI igyk 3
ksIamdok l¾udka; wxYh ixj¾Ok lsÍfï Wmdhud¾.hla lrd

wd¾Ól j¾Okh fõ.j;a lsÍu i|yd ksIamdok miq.sh jir 15 ;=< ° fndfydaúg o'foa'ks'fha
l¾udka;j, jeo.;alu jr®Ok fõ.hg jvd my< uÜgul mej;sK
^rEm igyk ú'i' 3'1&' ta fya;=fjka" Y%S ,xldj miq.sh
YS% ,xldj" 1978 jifr® ° újD; wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;s
jir lsysmh ;=< jdr®;d l< o'foa'ks'fhys jr®Okh"
l%shd;aul ls¯fuka miq" cd;sl Okh by<hEu yd
m%Odk jYfhka cks; jQfha fiajd yd f.dvke.s,s

2
„jk ;;a;ajh hym;a ùu ;=<ska ie,lsh hq;= wdr®:ßl b†ls¯u jeks wka;r®cd;sl fj<πug Ndckh
yd idud„h m%.;shla w;am;a lrf.k we;' tkuq;a" fkdjk wxY ;=<sks' tys m%;sM, yd foaYSh wdr®:ßlfha
miq.sh jir lsysmfhys wdr®:ßl jr®Ok fõ.h ishhg m%udKfhys iSudiys; njo fya;= lr f.k" miq.sh
3'0 isg 5'0 olajd uÜgulg iSud ù we;s w;r" jir lsysmh ;=< jdr®;d jQ wdr®:ßl jr®Ok fõ.h
o'foa'ks'fha m%;sY;hla f,i wmkhk" wLKavj wvq ù ishhg 3'0 isg 5'0 olajd wvq uÜgulg iSud úh'
we;' ksIamdok lr®udka; wxYfhka wdr®:ßl jr®Okh
ixLHd igyk ú'i' 3'1
i|yd we;s ∞hl;ajh my< uÜgul mej;s w;r
o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fhys wdxYsl j¾.SlrKh
úfYaIfhkau" miq.sh oYl fol ;=< tu wxYfha
m%.;sh b;d ukao.dó úh' tl;= l< w.h jeä NdKav ksIamdok
ksIamdokh ls¯ug yd M,∞hS;dj by< kexùug ^lr®udka;
fkdyels ùu iy foaYSh yd úfoaYSh fj<|fmd<j, jir lDIslr®udka;h lr®udka; fiajd wxYfha
;r.ld˙;ajh mj;ajd f.k hEug ksIamdok wxYhg fldgila
fkdyels ùu fuhg fya;= úh' rgl wdr®:ßl yd idud„h jk&
m˙jr®;k l%shdj,sfhys,d m%Odk .dul n,fõ.hla 1978 26 24 50 19
jYfhka l%shd ls¯ug ksIamdok wxYhg we;s yelshdj" 1980 24 24 52 18
Yla;su;a ldr®ólrK m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul ls¯u ;=<ska 1985 26 26 49 18
fjk;a rgj,a .Kkdjlau idlaId;a lr .kq ,enQ 1990 23 27 50 17
fõ.j;a ixjr®Okh u.ska ms<sìUq fõ' ksIamdok
1995 20 30 50 14
lr®udka; wxYfha ixjr®Okh" †<s∫lu yd m%dfoaYSh
úIu;dj ke;s ls¯u" .=Kd;aul nfjka jeä /lshd 2000 19 28 53 16
wjia:d we;s ls¯u" wmkhk wd∞hu jeä ls¯u" rfÜ 2005 17 27 56 16
;dlaI◊l yelshdj jeä†hqKq lr wdr®:ßlfha b†˙ 2010 12 29 29 17
jr®Okhg wjYH M,∞hS;d YlH;dj by< kexùu wd° 20151 8 26 57 16
b,lal fndfyduhla idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd úYd, 20161 7 27 56 15
jYfhka Wmld¯ fõ' Y%S ,xldfõ ixjr®Ok m%h;akh uQ,dY%( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
i|yd úfoaY wdOdr" iqNidOk yd ixl%du u; hemSu
;j≥rg;a mj;ajdf.k hd fkdyels ;;a;ajhla we;s ù 1978 ° újD; wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul ls¯fuka
we;s ksid b;d läkñka ksIamdok lr®udka; wxYh miq ksIamdok wxYh †hqKq ls¯ug úúO m%;sm;a;suh
h<s k`.disgqùu" ;sridr ixjr®Okhla uq≥ka muqKqjd l%shdudr®. /ila y∫kajd ° we;' tfia †h;a l< m%;sm;a;s
.ekSu i|yd .; hq;= w;HjYH l%shdudr®.hla ù we;' l%shdudr®.j,g" 1978 ° wmkhk ixjr®Ok uKav,h
msysgqùu" wmkhk ieliqï l,dm msysgqùu" rch i;=
ldr®ólrKh ;=<ska ixjr®Okh jQ rgj,a fuka fkdj"
lr®udka; wdh;k fm!oa.,SlrKh ls¯u" 1990 wxl
Y%S ,xldj" ksoyi ,nd .ekSfuka miq jdr®;d l<
46 ork lr®udka; m%jr®Ok mk; hgf;a 1991 °
wdr®:ßl jr®Okh idlaId;a lr f.k we;af;a"
ldr®ólrK fldñiula ia:dmkh ls¯u" 1990 oYlh
hemqï lDIslr®uh u; mokï jQ f.dú iudchl ;=< ° we`.Æï lïy,a 200 la msysgqùfï jHdmdrhla
isg fiajd mokï lr.;a wdr®:ßlhla olajd tljr †h;a ls¯u" 1995 ° ldr®ólrK m%;sm;a;s f,aLkhla
m˙jr®;kh ùu ;=<sks' furg o'foa'ks'fhys wdxYsl ksfõokh ls¯u" §1997 - 2006 M,∞hS;d oYlh¶ hk
jHqyfha m˙jr®;kh is≥ jQfha lDIslr®udka; wxYh jevigyk †h;a ls¯u" 2015 ° iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK
l%ufhka l=vd fjñka" fiajd wxYfha yd ksIamdok lr®udka; ixjr®Okh i|yd cd;sl m%;sm;a;s rduqjla
fkdjk lr®udka; wxY ^f.dvke.s,s b†ls¯u" le”ï ieliSu hkd†h we;=<;a fõ' kuq;a tu m%;sm;a;s
lghq;=" ú≥,sh" c,h yd wmøjH neyer ls¯u& úYd,
jYfhka jr®Okh ùfuks ^ixLHd igyk ú'i' 3'1&' 1 fuu jirj,g w∞< m%;sY; .Kkh lr we;af;a 2008 cd;sl .sKqï l%uh
o'foa'ks'fha jr®Okh i|yd ksIamdok wxYfha ∞hl;ajh (System of National Accounts 2008) wkqj ilik ,o §uQ,sl ñ, .Kka wkqj
tl;= l< w.h¶ wdY%fhks' lDIslr®udka;h" lr®udka; yd fiajd wxYj,
1978 isg wvq uÜgul mej;=K w;r ^ixLHd igyk uQ,sl ñ, .Kkaj, tl;= l< w.hg NdKav yd fiajd u; wh lrk n≥
ú'i' 3'1&" ksIamdok wxYfha jdr®Isl jr®Ok fõ.h wvq ls¯u iykdOdr tl;= l< úg fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj o'foa'ks' ,efí'

70
 cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu

rEm igyk ú'i' 3'1 wxYh ixjr®Okh lr" ksIamd†; fj<| NdKav
o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h yd tys wxYj, j¾Ok fõ.h wmkhkh jeä ls¯u i|yd lem úh hq;= nj;a" ta
13
i|yd m%udo jQ rgla f,i fyda f.da,Sh w.h∞uj,g
11
tl;= úh hq;= nj;ah'
jdr®Isl m%;sY; jr®Okh ^]&

9
7 cd;Hka;r w;a±lSï
5
1950 .Kkaj, ° Y%S ,xldjg iudk wdr®:ßl miqìula

2
3
1
;snQ rgj,a /ila" úisjk Y; jr®Ih ueo Nd.fha °"
-1
ldr®ñl ksIamdok wxYj, M,∞hS;d yelshdj
-3 jeä†hqKq ls¯u ;=,ska ksIamd†; NdKav wmkhkh
-5 jeä ls¯u ms◊i rcfha m%Odk;ajfhka m%;sm;a;s
1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

2009

2012

o'foa'ks'fha jdr®Isl
jr®Okh
ksIamdok lr®udka; wxYfha
jdr®Isl jr®Okh
uQ,dY%( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
;=<ska uE; ld,fha ° furg lr®udka;j,g foaYSh
yd úfoaYSh fj<|fmd< ;=< ;r.ld˙;ajh mj;ajd
f.k hEug iqúfYaIS ∞hl;ajhla fkd,enqKq w;r"
ldr®ñl ksIamdok lghq;=" we`.Æï" wdydr wdY%s;
ksIamdok" rnr® wdY%s; ksIamdok iy wfkl=;a Y%uh
wêl iy ;dlaIK Wmfhdackh wvq ksIamdokj,g
fndfyda ≥rg iSud úh' úfYaIfhkau" 2000 jifrka
miqj o'foa'ks'fha jr®Okh i|yd ksIamdok wxYfha
∞hl;ajh wvq jQfha we`.Æï ksIamdokh iïnkaOfhka
wvq Y%u ms˙jeh ;=<ska Y%S ,xldjg we;s idfmalaI jdish"
Bg;a jvd wvq Y%u ms˙jeh we;s rgj,aj,g ú;eka jQ
neúks' fuu wNsfhda." nyq fl`† .súiqu (Multifibre
Agreement) yd úfYaI m%;s,dN iys; fjf<`o jrKhka
ms<sn`o fmd≥ l%uh (GSP+) wysñ ùu;a iu`. jvd
;Sj% úh' we`.Æï lr®udka;fha úYd, msì°ula we;s jQ
jljdkqfõ ° ksIamdok úúOdx.SlrKh ls¯u flfrys o
;dlaI◊l núka Wiia" tl;= l< w.h jeä ixlSr®K
NdKav ksmoùu flfrys o fhduq ùug Y%S ,xldfõ
ksIamdok wxYh wiu;a úh' Y%S ,xldfõ fuu
ixjr®Ok rgdj" Ydia;%Sh wOHhkfhys §wm˙K;
úfha ° ldr®ólrKfhka neyer ùu¶ (Premature
Deindustrialisation)2 f,i ye¢kafjk ixl,amhg
wkql+, fõ' fuhg fya;=j jYfhka ie,flkafka"
wdr®:ßlh újD; lr" bka miqj ldr®ólrKh i|yd
wvq m%h;ak ±rE rgj, miqld,Sk wdr®:ßl jr®Okh"
m%d.aOk .,dtaï" úfoaY wdOdr yd m%d:ñl fj<| øjHj,
ñ, jeä ùu hkd†h u; mokï ùug f.da,ShlrK
n,fõ.j, n,mEu fya;= jk njhss' tu.ska we;s jk
fiajd mokï lr.;a wdr®:ßlj,g idlaId;a lr .;
yelafla uOHia: jr®Ok fõ.hla muKla nj by;
ixl,amh u.ska lshefõ' fuhska meye†,s jkafka
Y%S ,xldj úiska b;d blaukskau ksIamdok lr®udka;
2 Rodrik, Dani. "Premature deindustrialization." Journal of Economic
Growth 21.1 (2016): 1-33 (1954): 139-191.
2015
/ila †h;a lf<ah' wdishd;sl rgj,a /ilau
lr®udka; wxYfha jdr®Isl rch m%Odk ldr®ólrK m%;sm;a;s †h;a ls¯fï °
jr®Okh
fiajd wxYfha jdr®Isl
kef.kysr wdishd;sl ixialD;sl ixfla;hla
jr®Okh jk mshdUk md;a;hskaf.a rgdj .;a ^Flying Geese
- we,jQ §V¶ wl=rl yevh we;ss& l%shdudr®.hla
wkq.ukh l< nj fndfyda wjia:dj, i|yka ù
we;' fuys ° cmdkh b†˙fhkau o" bkamiq ol=Kq
fld˙hdj" isx.mamQrej" fydxfldx yd ;dhsjdkh
hk rgj,a o" Bg;a miq Ökh" bka≥kSishdj"
u,hdishdj yd ;dhs,ka;h we;=Ω rgj,a rdYshla o
tfia ldr®ólrK m%;sm;a;s wkq.ukh l<y'
fuu rgj, fiajd wxY" ixjr®Ok l%shdj,sfha
mYapd;a ld,fha ° †hqKq ;;a;ajhlg m;a úh'
ol=Kq weu˙ldkq rgj,a jk n%iS,h" Ñ,S" fmarE yd
fulaisfldaj jeks rgj,a o fujka l%shdj,shla
wkq.ukh lf<ah' fuu rgj,a ish,a,lau jr®;udkfha °
o'foa'ks' w;ska o iudc ixjr®Okh w;ska o Y%S ,xldj
miq lr f.k f.dia we;'
by; rgj,a Tjqkaf.a ixjr®Ok l%shdj,sh wdrïNfha °
b;d meye†,s ldr®ólrK m%;sm;a;s ia:dmkh lr
;snq◊' hemqï f.dú;ek mej;s rgj,a fndfyduhla
lDIslr®udka;fha M,∞hS;djh jeä ls¯u i|yd bvï
m%;sixialrK we;s ls¯u yd iM,∞hS f.dú;eka
l%u y∫kajd °u i|yd" ldr®ólrK m%;sm;a;sj,g
iu.dój ;j;a Wmdhudr®. †h;a l<y' ta ;=<ska W!k
fiajd kshqla;shla mej;s lDIslr®udka; wxYfhka"
ksIamdok wxYhg Y%uh .,d wd w;r uyd m˙udK
lDIs ksIamdokh flfrys wdr®:ßlh fhduq úh' fuu
l%shd∞uh §Æúia yereï ,laIHh¶ (Lewisian Turning
Point)3 kñka ye¢kafjk" idïm%∞hsl wxYj,
w;s˙la; Y%uh" kQ;k ksIamdok wxYhg iïmQr®Kfhka
wjfYdaIKh jk wjia:dj f;la is≥ úh' fuu rgj,a
nyq;rhla ixjr®Okfha uq,a wjia:dfõ ° we`.Æï jeks
tl;= l< w.h wvq md˙fNda.sl NdKav ksIamdokh l<
w;r" thska ,nd.;a ;dlaI◊l yelshdjka Wmfhda.S
lrf.k miq wjia:dj, ° ixlSr®K NdKav ksmoùug
fhduq úh' cmdkh yer wfkla rgj,a" ish rgj,
ia:dmkh l< úfYaI wdr®:ßl l,dm ;=< lr®udka;Yd,d
3 Lewis, W. Arthur. "Economic development with unlimited supplies of
labour." The Manchester School of Economics and Social Studies 22.2

71
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
msysgqùu i|yd úfoaY iDcq wdfhdack ,nd .ekSug l%shd
lf<ah' fï w;r" foaYSh iqΩ m˙udK lr®udka;" uyd
m˙udK lr®udka; njg m˙jr®;kh jk f;la ,dN∞hS
wdkhkj,ska we;s jk ;r.ld˙;ajfhka wdrlaIdjla
,nd °ug tu rchka úiska lghq;= lrk ,°' ldr®ñl
ksIamdok wxYh ;=< we;s jQ ;dlaI◊l †hqKqj" fiajd
yd lDIs ksmehqï wxYj, ;dlaI◊l †hqKqj i|yd
2
W;afm%arlhla úh' ldr®ólrKh;a iu`. fuu rgj,
ksIamdok wxYfhka o'foa'ks' g we;s ∞hl;ajh" úYd,
jYfhka jeä jQ w;r" ±kg o th Y%S ,xldj i`oyd
jdr®;djk tu w.hg jvd jeä w.hla .kS ^ixLHd
igyk ú'i' 3'2&' jr®;udkfha °;a" tu rgj, wmkhk
NdKavj,ska jvd úYd, m%;sY;hla ldr®ñl ksIamd†;
NdKav fõ' fï jk úg" úhÜkduh yd ms,smSkh jeks
my< uOHu wd∞hï rgj,a o ldr®ólrKh ;=<ska
fujka wdr®:ßl jr®Ok rgdjla wkq.ukh ls¯ug
;e;a lrhs' lDIslr®udka;h mokï lrf.k mej;s
bka†hdj o" fiajd wxYh mokï wdr®:ßlhlg yefrñka
mj;sk w;r "Make in India" hk f;audj hgf;a 2014
jifr® ° wdrïN l< jevigykla u.ska ksIamdok
wxYh läkñka ixjr®Okh ls¯ug m%;s« ° we;'
ixLHd igyk ú'i' 3'2
f;dard .;a rgj, ld¾ñl ksmehqï wxYfhka
o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;hg we;s odhl;ajh
(])
rg 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2015
Y%S ,xldj 13.1 18.3 18.2 17.4 20.4 15.8 16.3 17.3 15.71 15.41
cmdkh - 27.2 27.5 25.9 21.5 20.4 19.1 18.9 17.7 -
ol=Kq fld˙hdj 20.3 22.8 25.2 25.0 25.3 29.0 28.3 30.7 31.0 29.5
;dhsjdkh - - 35.1 31.2 25.6 25.7 27.9 29.0 28.6 29.9
Ökh 37.6 39.9 34.4 32.3 33.4 31.8 32.1 31.5 29.7 - i|yd úúO rdcH wdh;k ork úúO m%h;ak taldrdYS
;dhs,ka;h 18.7 21.5 21.9 27.2 26.5 28.6 29.8 31.1 27.7 26.9
bka≥kSishdj 10.3 14.0 16.4 22.3 24.1 27.7 27.4 22.0 21.0 20.8
u,hdishdj 18.7 21.9 19.7 24.2 26.6 30.9 27.5 23.4 22.8 22.8
úhÜkduh - - 20.5 12.3 15.0 17.1 18.8 12.9 13.3 13.7
ms,smSkh 25.7 25.7 25.2 24.8 23.0 24.5 24.1 21.4 20.4 20.1
bka†hdj 15.2 16.2 16.0 16.2 17.3 15.3 15.4 17.5 16.5 16.2
uQ,dY%( f,dal nexl=fõ f,dal ixjr®Ok or®Yl
;dhsjdkfhys cd;sl ixLHdf,aLk
ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
by; i`oyka we;eï rgj,a ish ldr®ñl m%;sm;a;s
mj;ajdf.k hEfï °" f;dard.;a lr®udka;j, widr®:l
ùï" md˙fNda.sl NdKav iïnkaO ñ, by<hEu"
f.da,Sh b,aÆu wvq ùu ;=<ska we;s jk idr®j wdr®:ßl
wiu;=,s;;d jeks fkdfhla ndOlj,g uqyqK °ug
is≥ úh' kuq;a tu rgj, fkdlvjd yev.efiñka
jr®Okh jQ ksIamdok lr®udka; wxY mej;s fyhska
72
fõ.j;a wdr®:ßl yd iudchSh ixjr®Okhla" †.=
ld,fha ° w;alr .; yels úh' fuhska meye†,s
jkafka rch úiska iuia; ksIamdok wxYhg u
iemhQ mqΩ,a wkq.%dyl;ajh ksid ksIamdok wxYfha
uqΩ ksuejqu jr®Okh jQ njh' b,lal lr.;a há;,
myiqlï ixjr®Okh" mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok lghq;="
udkj iïm;aj, .=Kd;aulNdjh by< kexùu yd
rcfhka ,enqKq †˙°ï hkd†h tjka rdcH wkq.%yj,g
we;=<;a úh' fulS wka;r®cd;sl w;a±lSïj,ska
Y%S ,xldjg ,nd .; yels wdor®Yh jkafka ixjr®Okh
i|yd ksIamdok lr®udka; wxYhg úYd, ∞hl;ajhla
l< yelss nj;a" tu wxYh jr®Okh ls¯ug rch úiska
m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®. ;=<ska ue†y;aùu wjYH jk nj;ah'
ksis Wmdhud¾. Èh;a lsÍu
Y%S ,xldfõ iEu rchla úiskau lr®udka;Yd,d ksmehqï
jeä ls¯u i|yd úúO l%fudamdhhka †h;a fldg we;'
uE;l °" ldr®ñl l,dm /ila úúO m<d;aj, o" kj
wêfõ.S udr®. wdY%s;j o" yïnkaf;dg yd ;s%l=Kdu,
jrdhka wdY%s;j o ia:dmkh ls¯ug ie,iqï ilid
we;' fuu ie,iqï" há;, myiqlï ixjr®Okh ls¯u"
mr®fhaIK yelshd jeä†hqKq ls¯u" Y%u n,ldfha
yelshd jr®Okh ls¯u" iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK lr®udka;
wdrïN ls¯u wd†h i|yd msysgqjd we;s úúO rdcH
wdh;k u.ska ilid we;s wfkl=;a ie,iqï o
iu`. tla ù" úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack ,ndf.k"
lr®udka;Yd,d ksmehqï jeä ls¯ug yels fõhehs
n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh yelsh' ta w;ru" ixjr®Okh i|yd
m%;sm;a;s Wmdhudr®.j, jeo.;alu jgyd f.k" rch
úiska iuia; ixjr®Ok Wmdhudr®.hla ilia fldg"
fj<| lghq;= iy wmkhk m%;sm;a;s ilia ls¯fuys o
kshqla; ù isà' tkuq;a" ksIamdok lghq;= jr®Okh ls¯u
fldg rfÜ ixjr®Ok m%;sm;a;shg .<md" ksIamdok
wxYhg ksis uQ,sl;ajhla ,nd foñka tu wxYfha
jHqyd;aul .egÆj,g úi∫ï imhk mqΩ,a ksIamdok
wxY ixjr®Ok Wmdhudr®.hla i|yd ;ju;a wjOdkh
fhduq ù fkdue;' tu ksid tjka Wmdhudr®.hla
ilia ls¯fï ±ä wjYH;djla mj;S'
Y%S ,xldfõ iuia; ldr®ñl ksIamdok wxYh h<s
k`.disgqùu i|yd ksIamdok wxYh ixjr®Okh ls¯fï
tla m%dfhda.sl Wmdhudr®.hla ilia ls¯u w;HjYH fõ'
w∞< ishÆ mdr®Yjj, iyNd.s;ajh we;sj ilia l<
yd meye†,sj flgqïm;a l< ksIamdok wxY ixjr®Ok
m%;sm;a;shla" foaYSh yd úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhkag
†.=ld,Sk ±laula ,nd °u i`oyd rchg Wmfhda.S
lr .; yels Wmdhudr®.hla jkq we;' tu ksIamdok
wxY ixjr®Ok Wmdhudr®.h rfÜ ixjr®Ok iuia;
m%;sm;a;sfha fldgila úh hq;=h' wka;r®cd;sl fj<πï
yd wmkhk Wmdhudr®." tu ksIamdok wxY ixjr®Ok
Wmdhudr®.fha Wmdx. úh hq;= w;r" tu ixjr®Ok

l%shd∞uh wka;r®cd;sl fj<πu Yla;su;a lrkq
we;' fuh YS% ,xldfõ wdr®:ßl jr®Okh yd
ixjr®Okh fõ.j;a ls¯u i`oyd w;HjYH fõ'
ldr®ñl ksIamdok wxY ixjr®Ok Wmdhudr®.h ;=<
lr®udka; wxYhg lDIsldr®ñl yd fiajd wxY iu`.
we;s iyiïnkaO;djh o wjOdkhg ,la l< hq;=j
we;' úfYaIfhkau" lDIs wxYfha M,∞hS;d jr®Okh"
tu wxYfha W!k Wmfhdackhg ,laj we;s Y%uh
lr®udka; wxYhg ú;eka ls¯u ;=<ska muKla fkdj
ck;djf.a iuia; wd∞hfuka wdydr i`oyd jk úhou
wvq fldg" wfkl=;a NdKav i|yd jeh ls¯ug yels
uQr®; wd∞hu jeä lr" ksIamdok NdKav i|yd foaYSh
b,aÆu jeä ls¯u ;=<ska o" lr®udka; wxYfha jr®Okh
u; n,mEula we;s lrhs'
ksIamdok wxYh ixjr®Okh ls¯fï Wmdhudr®.h ;=<ska
foaYSh fukau úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhskaf.a wjYH;d fjka
jYfhka y∫kd f.k lghq;= l< hq;=h' ta iu`.u laIqø"
iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK wdh;kj, tlsfklg fjkia
wjYH;d fjka jYfhka y∫kd f.k wjYH l%shdudr®.
†h;a l< hq;=h' foaYSh b;=reï wvq uÜgul mej;Su;a"
whjeh ys`.h ksid rcfha ue†y;aùu wju uÜgul
mj;ajd .ekSu;a ksid lr®udka; wxYh kxjd,Sug
úfoaYSh wdfhdack ,nd .ekSu b;d jeo.;a fõ'
úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack Y%S ,xldjg wjYH ;dlaI◊l
±kqu ,nd .ekSug o rel=,la fõ' Y%S ,xldjg
ksIamdok yelshdj †hqKq lr .ekSug W;aidy ork"
;dlaIKfhka wêl" by< tl;= l< w.hla iys;
NdKav jeä jYfhka ksIamdokh jkafka úúO rgj,
ia:dmkh jk f.da,Sh w.h ∞u ;=<ska h' tjka
NdKavj, ksmehqïlrejka úiska ksIamdok w.h ∞ufha
úúO mshjr" tajd tlsfkl i|yd fyd|u yelshdjla
we;s rgj, ia:dmkh lrkq ,efí' fujka m%jK;djlaa
f.da,Sh wdr®:ßlfha ±lsh yels jqj o" Y%S ,xldjg
miq.sh oYlh ;=< .,d wd úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack
fndfyduhla wmkhkh i|yd NdKav fyda NdKav
fldgia ksIamdokh i|yd jk úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack
fkdj rg ;=< f.dvke.s,s b†ls¯ug ixpdrl jHdmdrh
yd ,dxlsl fj<|fmd< i|yd NdKav yd fiajd iemhSu
mrudr®: lr.;a úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack úh' tu ksid"
wkd.; ksIamdok wxY ixjr®Ok Wmdhudr®.h ;=<ska
Y%S ,xldj fj; wmkhk NdKav ksIamdokh i|yd jk
úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack ,nd .ekSug l%shdudr®. .;
hq;=j we;'
úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack wdlr®IKh lr .ekSu i|yd
ldr®ñl ksIamdok wxY ixjr®Ok Wmdhudr®. u.ska
úfoaYSh wdfhdack m%jdy i|yd n,mdk idOl
y`≥kdf.k" ta i|yd iq≥iq m˙irhla ,xldj ;=<
f.dvkexùu jeo.;a fõ' úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack m%jdy"
tajd cks; jk rgj,a o ,nd .kakd rgj,a o wdY%s;
idOl u; ;SrKh fõ' idudkHfhka" úfoaYSh iDcq
cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu
wdfhdack ,nd .kakd rgj,aj,g w∞< idOl jkafka
wvq Y%u úhoï" wuqøjH iq,N ùu" fj<|fmd<j,a fj;
m%fõY ùug we;s myiqlï" ;r.ld¯ úfoaY úksuh
wkqmd;sl u;" n≥ nr wvq ùu" lr®udka;Yd,d i|yd
bvlvï mej;Su hkd†hhs' foaYmd,k ia:djr;ajh"
rdcH wdh;kj,ska ,efnk wkq.%yh fkdlvjd
mej;Su" NdKav m%jdykh yd .nvd ls¯u iïnkaO
2
há;, myiqlï yd myiqlï fiajdj, ldr®hlaIu;dj"
hym;a idr®j wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;s rduqjla mej;Su"
fj<| iïndOl wju ùu" Y%u ldr®hlaIu;dj iy
lr®udka;Yd,d iuQy.;j msysgqjd ;sîfuka ,efnk
ms˙ueiqï (Agglomeration Economies) hkd†h úfoaYSh iDcq
wdfhdack i|yd ys;lr m˙irhlg n,mdk idOl fõ'
f.da,Sh w.hodu u.ska NdKav ksIamdokh lrk
iemhqïlrejka yg" NdKav fldgia tla ia:dkhl
isg ;j;a ia:dkhla olajd blaukska yd ldr®hlaIuj
m%jdykh l< hq;= ksid" tjka iemhqïlrejka yg
uydudr®. yd kdúl m%jdykfha ldr®hlaIu;djh"
f;dgqm<j,aj,g läkñka <`.d ùug yels ùu" fr®.=fõ
NdKav ksIaldYk l%shdj,sfha ldr®hlaIu;djh" iq≥iq
.nvd myiqlï mej;Su iy ;Sren≥ yd n≥ fkdjk
fj<| iïndOl wju ùu yd ir, ùu b;d jeo.;a
fõ' óg fmr" †hqKq rgj,aj,ska" ixjr®Okh jk rgj,a
fj;g wvq Y%u úhoï yd wuqøjH fidhd f.k wdfhdack
.,d wdfõh ^W;=re-ol=Kq úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack&'
tkuq;a" miq.sh oYlfha ° ke.s tñka mj;sk rgj,a
w;r tkï ol=Kq-ol=Kq úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack" Ökh"
u,hdishdj" bka†hdj yd reishdj jeks rgj, isg
fjk;a wdr®:ßl olajd .,d tau jeä ù we;' tjeks
rgj,a i`oyd fj<|fmd< fj; m%fõY ùfï yelshdj
yd wuqøjH myiqfjka ,nd .ekSu uQ,sl wjYH;d
jk w;r" †hqKq jQ rgj,aj, wdfhdaclhkag jvd
fjkia wdl,am wdfhdack ,nk rgj, fmd≥ yd
idud„h wdh;k iïnkaOfhka ork nj fmfka' tu
ksid" Y%S ,xldj úiska úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack .,d tk
úúO rgj, wdfhdaclhkaf.a úfYaIs; wjYH;dj,g
wkql+,j myiqlï iïmdokh l< hq;=j we;'
úfoaYSh wdfhdackj,ska muKla YS% ,xldfõ ldr®ñl
ksIamdok wxYh" †.=ld,Sk ixjr®Ok udr®.hlg fhduq
l< fkdyelsh' ta i|yd foaYSh ksIamd†lhkaf.a
yelshdjka jeä†hqKq ls¯u w;HjYH fõ' foaYSh
ksIamdolhka fláld,fha ° úfoaY wdfhdaclhkag
wjYH fiajd iemhSu l< hq;= w;r" †.= ld,fha °
úfoaY ksIamdolhkaf.ka ú;eka jk ;dlaIKh
wjfYdaIKh lr .; hq;=h' Y%S ,dxlsl iud.ï iuyrla
^úfYaIfhka f;a yd weÛÆï wmkhkh iïnkaO&
wka;r®cd;sl úYsIag;ajhla ,nd we;s jqj;a" ,dxlsl
ksIamdok wdh;k fndfyduhla wvq M,∞hs;djfhka o"
wvq jr®Okfhka o mSvdjg ,laj isà' Y%S ,xld uy
nexl=j úiska ilia lrkq ,nk" lr®udka;Yd,d i;=
Od˙;d Wmfhdack or®Ylhg wkqj" 2011 isg 2016
73
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
olajd" lr®udka;Yd,d i;= Od˙;djfhka ishhg
83'0 lg jvd Wmfhdackh lr fkdue;' ta w;r"
lr®udka; wxYfha o" lDIsldr®ñl wxYfha o tl;= l<
w.hkaf.a m%;sY;" tu wxYj, fiajfha kshq;= Y%u
n,ldhkaf.a m%;sY; j,g iudkqmd;slj i,lk úg"
1981 isg 2016 olajd l%ufhka wvq ù we;' thska fmkakqï
lrkqfha Y%u n,ldfhka jvd úYd, m%;sY;hla"
2
l=vd tl;= l< w.hla cks; ls¯ug fhdojd we;s
njhs' tu ksid lr®udka; wxYfha o" lDIslr®udka;
wxYfha o Y%u M,∞hS;djh l%ufhka wvq ù we;'
;jo" 1990 isg 2010 olajd lr®udka;Yd,d rdYshla
wOHhkh l< wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIKhla4 ;=<ska
fmkajd ° we;af;a lrr®udka;Yd,d §uqΩ idOl
M,∞hS;djh¶ o (Total Factor Productivity) wvq ù
we;s njhs' tuksid" wvq M,∞hS;djhlska hq;a lDIs
lr®udka;fhkao" fiajd wxYj, ^iqΩ fj<πu"
fm!oa.,sl fiajd yd rdcH fiajd jeks&" W!k fiajd
kshqla;shg ,laj we;s fiajlhska lr®udka; ksIamdok
wxYhg fhduq ls¯ug wjYH l%ufõo ksIamdok
lr®udka; m%;sm;a;sh ;=< wvx.= úh hq;=h' fï
i|yd iqΩ m˙udK f.dú;eka lghq;=" uyd m˙udK
lDIsldr®ñl lghq;= njg m˙jr®;kh ls¯u i|yd
m%;sm;a;s ieliSu jeo.;a fõ' lr®udka;Yd,dj, uqΩ
idOl M,∞hS;dj jeä ls¯u i|yd fiajl yelshd
jr®Okh" l<ukdlrK l%u jeä†hqKq ls¯u yd
jHdmdr m%;sixúOdkh ùug we;s ndOl bj;a ls¯u
wd†h i|yd o m%;sm;a;s ilia úh hq;=h'
Y%S ,xldfõ ksIamdok lr®udka; wxYh jr®Okh
fkdjk kuq;a" jHdmdrj,ska bj;a fkdjk iqΩ
m˙udK lr®udka;dh;k w;súYd, ixLHdjlska iE°
;sîu" Y%uh yd wfkl=;a iïm;a M,∞hS;djfhka wvq
l%shdldrlïj, r|jd ;eîug fya;= jk nj f,dal
nexl=j úiska lr we;s wOHhkhlsk5a fmkajd °
we;' jr®Okh fkdjk l=vd jHjidhhka" jvd úYd,
lr®udka; fuka NdKav yd l%shdldrlï iïnkaO
kfjda;amdokhl ksr; fkdjk ksid yd .=Kd;aul
núka jeä /lshd wjia:d we;s fkdlrk ksid"
rfÜ †.=ld,Sk M,∞hSs;dj jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd
∞hl fkdfõ' fuu wOHhkh u.ska" Y%S ,xldfõ
jHjidhhkaf.ka ishhg 76'0 la u fiajlhska
19 fofkl=g jvd wvq ms˙ilf.ka ie≥ï,;a
jHjidhhka njg weia;fïka;= lr we;s w;r fuu
w.h bka†hdj" Ökh" nx.a,dfoaYh" mdlsia:dkh"
4 Chandrasiri, Sunil, and Nuwan Indika. "Industrial Productivity for Sus-
tained Growth: The Case of Sri Lankan Manufacturing Industries". Way
Forward For Sustained Growth. A D V de S Indrarathna, S Widanagama
and A Wijesinghe. Colombo: Sri Lanka Economic Association, 2014.
139-164. Print.
5 Varela, Gonzalo, Antonio Martuscelli, and Apoorva Gupta. "Improving
competitiveness is about raising productivity rather than keeping costs
low". South Asia’s Turn: Policies to Boost Competitiveness and Create the
Next Export Powerhouse. Gladys Lopez-Acedevo, Denis Medvedev and
Vincent Palmade. The World Bank, 2017. 17-35. Web. 28 Mar. 2017.
74
ms,smSkh yd úhÜkduh jeks rgj,aj,g jvd úYd,
jk nj fmkajd fohs' ;jo" YS% ,xldfõ wjqre≥ 25 lg
jvd mer◊ jHjidhj, m˙K;ùu yd jr®Okh"
wjqre≥ 5 lg fmr wdrïN l< jHjidh ^tkï" mer◊
fkdjk& iu`. ii`ok úg" tu mer◊ jHjidhj,"
kj jHjidhj,g jvd ishhg 50'0 ;a 90'0 ;a w;r
;rï iqΩ m%udKhlska úYd, njo fuu wOHhkh
u.ska weia;fïka;= lrk w;r" ixjr®ê; rgj,a yd
ii`ok úg" YS% ,xldfõ lr®udka; wdh;k" ld,hla
iu`. m˙K;$úYd, ùu b;d wju nj i`oyka lrhs'
idudkHfhka úYd, wdh;k" m˙udKdkql+, ms˙ueiqï"
wruqo,a ,nd.ekSug we;s yelshdj jeäùu" jvd
fyd| l<ukdlrejka fidhd .ekSug we;s yelshdj"
fj<|fmd< fidhd .ekSug jvd úYd, iïnkaO;d cd,
mj;ajd f.k hEu" úia;rd;aul jdr®;d yd .sKqï ;nd
.ekSu ksid jvd idr®:l Wmdhudr®. ieliSug yelsùu
jeks fya;= ksid l=vd wdh;kj,g jvd M,∞hS fjhs'6
tuksid" Y%S ,xldfõ iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK wdh;kj,g
jr®Okh ùug we;s ndOl" m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®. u.ska
bj;a ls¯u jeo.;ah' ta i|yd" m%d.aOk wruqo,a
,nd.ekSug we;s ndOl bj;a ls¯u fN!;sl wemlr
fjkqjg jHdmD;s YlH;dj wkqj Kh °u i|yd uQ,H
wdh;k †˙.ekaùu" fiajlhka fiajfhka bj;a ls¯ug
tfrysj we;s fr.=,dis fjkia ls¯u" jHdmdrj, .sKqï yd
jdr®;d ;nd.ekSfï yelshdjka jr®Okh ls¯u" jHdmdr
lghq;= mqM,a ls¯u wffOr®h lrjk n≥ ;dr®lSlrKh
ls¯u wd° l%shdudr®. jeo.;a fjhs' mr®fhaIK yd
ixjr®Ok wdh;k iy iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK lr®udka;
w;r Yla;su;a iyfhda.S;djhla mj;ajd f.k hEu
;=<ska iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK lr®udka;j, mr®fhaIK
wjYH;d fuu wdh;kj,g ±kqï °" mr®fhaIK fidhd
.ekSï iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK lr®udka;j, jeä†hqKqj
i|yd Ndú;d ls¯fï iM,∞hS yd ldr®hlaIu l%ufõo
†h;a ls¯u o jeo.;ah' ;jo" Y%S ,xldj i;= iajdNdúl
iïm;a fndfyduhla wuqøjH f,i fyda wju w.hla
tl;= l< NdKav f,i ±kg wmkhkh flfrk
neúka" T!IO me<Eá" Lksc iïm;a" we;=Ω iajdNdúl
iïm;a fhd∞ f.k by< tl;= l< w.hla we;s NdKav
ksmoùu ms<sn|j mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok wdh;k
W;aiql úh hq;=h' l=vd m˙udK jHdmdr wdh;k"
úYd, lr®udka;j,g m˙jr®;kh jk f;la wvq
ñ,lska hq;a wdkhkj,ska we;s jk ;r.ld˙;ajfhka
wdrlaId ls¯u o wjYH fõ' tu ksid fï iïnkaOfhka
ilid we;s m%md;k úfrdaë flgqïm; (Anti - dumping
Bill) läkñka kS;s.; ls¯u jeo.;ah' ;j o" jHdmdr
w;r hym;a uÜgul ;r.ld¯;ajhla mj;ajd .ekSug
bv i,iajd ta ;=<ska jHdmdrj,g wjYH úg °
6 Altenburg, Tilman, and Wilfried Lütkenhorst. Industrial policy in
developing countries: Failing markets, weak states. Edward Elgar
Publishing, 2015.

m%;sixúOdkh ùug" fiajlhka fiajfhka bj;a ls¯ug"
fyda nqkaj;aNdjh m%ldY lr lr®udka;fhka bj;a
ùug" fr.=,dis ;=<ska bv i,id °" tajdfha fhdojd
;snQ iïm;a jvd M,∞hS ldr®hhkag .,d hEug wjYH
m˙irh ielish hq;=h' ±kg idlÉPd uÜgfï mj;sk
wdr®:ßl iyfhda.S;d .súiqï i`oyd iyfhda.S m%;sm;a;shla
f,i b†˙m;a ù we;s fj<`o .e,mqï fhdackdj,sh o
foaYSh lr®udka; iïnkaOfhka jeo.;alula Wiq<hs'
fuh foaYSh lr®udka;j, ;r.ld¯;ajh jeä†hqKq jk
f,i ukdj ieliSu ;=<ska" cd;Hka;r fj<`∞u ;j;a
újD;$,sys,a ùu ksid ≥Ialr;djg ,lajk fiajlhkag
/lshd mqyqKq wjia:d ,nd °ug u`. mE†h yelsh'
ksIamdok wxYh ixjr®Okh ls¯fï Wmdhudr®.h
hgf;a fmdl=re f,i jHdmdr ia:dk.; ls¯u
wdY%s; ldr®ólrK m%;sm;a;s (Cluster-based Industrial
Development) l%shd;aul lr tfia iuQy.; ùfuka
,efnk ms˙ueiqï (Agglomeration Economies) ,nd
.ekSug wjia:dj i,id †h hq;=h' tl yd iudk
ksIamdolhkag iuQy.;j lr®ud;Yd,d msysgqjd f.k"
fiajd imhkakkag o ta wjg /iaj jHdmdr wdh;k
msysgqjd f.k" tfia fmdl=re f,i iuQy.; ùug
wjia:dj i,id °u u.ska fuu ms˙ueiqï ,nd .;
hq;=j we;' tfia jQ úg rchg o lr®udka; i|yd
myiqlï ie,iSu ^b,lal.; há;, myiqlï" rdcH
uQ,H †˙ °ukd yd fiajlhka i|yd myiqlï&" jvd
M,∞hSj is≥ l< yelsh' wuqøjH i|yd m˙udKdkql+,
ms˙ueiqï ,eîu" tl yd iudk lr®udka; iuÛ tlaj
lghq;= ls¯u" fiajlhka rdYshla lr®udka;Yd,d wjg
tla/iaj isàu" m%d.aOk NdKav ,nd.ekSfï myiqlï
hkd†h" lr®udka;j,g iuQy.; ùfuka w;ajk jdis fõ'
lr®udka;Yd,d yd myiqlï fiajd imhkakkag fmdl=re
f,i ixúOdkh ùu ms◊i úYd, bvï ,nd °u úfoaYSh
iDcq wdfhdack ,nd .ekSug w;HjYH uQ,sl wx.hla
ù we;' kd.˙l m%foaYj,ska neyerj lr®udka;mqr
f.dvke.Su u.ska" rchg" ldr®ólrKfha m%;sM, W!k
ixjr®Okhla we;s ≥ria: m%foaYj,g ,nd°ug yels
fjhs'
jid ;snqKq w;r" 2016 jir ;=< ° lsis≥ ndOdjlska
f;drj wLKavj ms˙my≥ l%shdj,sh mj;ajdf.k
hEu fuu jr®Okhg fya;= úh' 2016 jifr® ckjd˙
ui ;=< ° weu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh úiska brdkh
u; mkjk ,o fj<| iïndOl bj;a ls¯u;a iuÛ
brdkfhka wdkhkh lrk ,o ieye,aÆ fndr
f;,a ms˙my≥ ls¯u i|yd jvd WÑ; ,xld Lksc
f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dfõ ms˙my≥j" 2017 jifr® °
jvd ldr®hlaIuj l%shd;aul jkq we;ehs wfmalaId
flfr®'
cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu
Y%S ,xldfõ idlaIr;dj yd lr®udka;Yd,d fiajlhl=f.a
idudkH wOHdmk uÜgu" Y%S ,xldj iuÛ ;r.
lrk wfkl=;a rgj,aj,g jvd idudkHfhka by<
uÜgul mej;sh o" ixlSr®K NdKav ksmoùug wjYH
Ys,amSh yelshdjka yd kfjda;amdok yelshdjka furg
fiajlhka ;=< idfmalaIj wvqh' tuksid" ;dlaI◊l
yd jD;a;Shuh mqyqKqùï mdGud,d o" úoHd yd bx‚fkare
2
iq≥iqlï o oaú;ShSl yd ;D;ShSl wOHdmk uÜgïj, °"
isiqka nyq;r ixLHdjlg iemhsh hq;= w;r" Tjqkag
lr®udka;Yd,dj, mqyqKqùï wjia:d o ,nd†h hq;=h'
;jo" lr®udka;Yd,d fiajlhska iïnkaOfhka
iudcfha mj;akd whym;a wdl,am ksjer† l< hq;=h'
tfukau" fiajlhkag lr®udka;Yd,dj, fiajhg
fhduq fkdùug jvd rdcH wxYfha fiajd wjia:d
fiùug we;s fm<öu o ksjer† l< hq;=h'
ksIamdok wxYfha ixjr®Ok Wmdhudr®.h hkq" ksIamdok
Wm wxY lsysmhlska lr®udka; lsysmhla muKla yqfola
wmkhkh b,lal lrf.k †˙.ekaùfï l%uhla
fkdjk nj wjOdrKh l< hq;= fjhs' ol=Kq fld˙hdj
lr®udka; lsysmhla muKla f;dard f.k tajd †hqKq
ls¯fuys,d idr®:l m%;sM, w;alr .kq ,enqjo tfia
l< ;j;a rgj,a rdYslg is≥ jQfha fkdlvjd †.ska
†.gu tu lr®udka;j,g rdcH wkq.%yh ,nd° tajd
/l .ekSugh' rchlg uOH yd †.=ld,Sk foaYSh yd
wka;r®cd;sl fj<|fmd< m%jK;d mqfrdal:kh ls¯ug
fkdyels ksid;a fm!oa.,sl wxYh rcfhka wkjYH
m%;s,dN ,nd .ekSug fm<öu je<elaúh hq;= ksid;a
tjka lr®udka; lsysmhla f;dard wkq.%yh ±laùula
fkdl< hq;=h' rcfha wjOdkh fhduq úh hq;af;a iuia;
ksIamdok wxYhgu yd ishÆ jr®;udk fukau wkd.;
mdr®Yjj,g" meye†,s yd fkdfjkia jk m%;sm;a;shla
;=<ska mqΩ,a wkq.%yhla ,nd°ug;a" fm!oa.,sl
wxYh i|yd iq≥iq hym;a jd;djrKhla rg ;=<
f.dvke.Su;a Wfoid h' ldr®ñl ksIamdok wxYh
ixjr®Okh ls¯fï Wmdhudr®.h wksjdr®hfhkau
idl,H úh hq;= w;r iEu w∞< wx.hlau thg
we;=<;a úh hq;=h' ie,iqï l< l%shdudr®." läkñka
l%shdjg kexùu u;" fuu Wmdhudr®.fha idr®:l;ajh
;SrKh jkq we;'
m%Odk jYfhkau" fmdfydr ksIamdokh my<
hEu fya;=fjka ridhk øjH iy ridhk øjH wdY%s;
ksIamd†; Wm wxYfhys ksuejqu 2016 jir ;=< °
ishhg 12'4 lska my; jegq◊' jifr® fojk Nd.h
;=< ° lDIsldr®ñl l%shdldrlï i|yd whym;a
n,mEula we;s lrk ,o ksh`. ;;a;ajh iy 2016
jir uq,a ld,fha ° fmdfydr iykdOdr ,nd °fï
l%uh ixfYdaOkh ls¯u fya;=fjka b,aÆu wvq ùu
fmdfydr ksIamdokh my< hEug m%Odk jYfhka
fya;= úh' flfia fj;;a" jir ;=< ° b†ls¯ï
75
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
2'6 rEm igyk
l¾udka;Yd,d ksIamdok o¾Ylfha ixhq;sh - 2016
≥ïfld< ksIamd†;
6]
weÛÆï
32]
2
mdk jr®.
7]
wdydr
ksIamd†; wfkl=;a
20] 7]
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
lghq;=j,ska we;s jQ by< b,aÆu fya;=fjka ;Ska;
iy jdr®ksIa ksuejqu by< hEu fuu Wm wxYfhys
jr®Okhg Okd;aulj ∞hl úh'
lr®udka;Yd,d ksIamdok or®Ylfhys f;jk
úYd,;u Wm wxYh jk rnr® iy ma,diaála ksIamd†;
Wm wxYh miq.sh jir yd iei£fï ° 2016 jir
uqΩ,af,au ys;lr l%shdld˙;ajhla ms<sìUq lf<ah'
2015 jifr® fuu Wm wxYh jdr®;d l< ishhg 2'2 l
miqnEu yd idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 5'4 l
Okd;aul jr®Okhla jdr®;d lf<ah' >k ghr® iy
jdhq ghr® i|yd m%Odk jYfhkau weu˙ld tlai;a
ckmoh" cr®uksh" n%iS,h jeks rgj,ska we;s jQ by<
wmkhk b,aÆu fuu jr®Okhg fya;= úh' ±kg
mj;akd ,dNdka;sl cd;Hka;r fj<| ;r.ld˙;ajh
mj;ajd .ekSug m%udKj;a jk fyhska 2016
jifr® ° Y%S ,xldfõ rnr® wmkhk u; weu˙ld
tlai;a ckmoh u.ska mkjkq ,enQ m%;sf;da,k n≥
wmkhk Od˙;dj u; ±ä n,mEula we;s lrkq
we;ehs wfmalaId fkdflfr®' bkaOk ldr®hlaIu;dj
flfrys jeä wjOdkhla we;s ùu fya;=fjka wê
bkaOk ms˙ueiqï ghr® i|yd jk b,aÆu by< hkq
we;ehs o tu.ska tjeks jr®.fha ghr® i|yd jk
f.da,Sh b,aÆu by< hEug fya;= jkq we;ehs o
wfmalaIs;h' tys m%;sM,hla f,i ghr® ksIamdok
;dlaIKfha mr®fhaIK" ixjr®Ok iy kfjda;amdok
u; is≥ lrk wdfhdackj, by< hEula wjYH jkq
we;' tfia jqj;a" m%;sf;da,k n≥" Y%S ,xldj ;=< kj
ghr® lr®udka;Yd,d wdrïN ls¯ug wfmalaId lrk
76
wdfhdaclhka wffOr®hj;a ls¯ug fya;= jkq we;'
tneúka" foaYSh rnr® lr®udka;lrejka fuu ke`.S
tk fj<|fmd< wjia:d w;am;a lr .ekSug lghq;=
wfkl=;a f,day
fkdjk Lksc l< hq;=j we;' rnr® iy ma,diaála ksIamd†; Wm
ksIamd†; wxYfha jr®Okhg Wmld¯ fjñka" weu˙ld tlai;a
8]
ridhk øjH iy
ckmoh iy hqfrdamSh fj<|fmd< i|yd jQ wmkhk
ridhk øjH by< hEu yuqfõ rnr® w;ajeiqï lr®udka;h o
wdYs%; ksIamd†;
5] m%idrKh úh'
rnr® iy wfkl=;a f,day fkdjk Lksc ksIamd†; Wm
ma,diaála
ksIamd†; wxYh ishhg 11'1 l jr®Ok wkqmd;slhla jdr®;d
12]
lrñka tys jr®Ok m%jK;dj 2016 jir ;=< ° o
ilia l<
f,day
wLKavj mj;ajd f.k hkq ,eîh' b†ls¯ï
ksIamd†; wxYfhka isfuka;s i|yd jQ b,aÆu by< hEu
2]
ksid isfuka;s ksIamdokfhys is≥ jQ jr®Okh fuu
ms˙my≥ l< Lksc
l%shdld˙;ajh i|yd n,mE m%Odk;u idOlh úh'
f;,a ksIamd†; ;jo" fiú,s ;yvq iy WΩ lr®udka;h o 2016
1]
jir ;=< ° ie,lsh hq;= f,i m%idrKh úh' úfoaY
iy foaYSh b,aÆu by< hEu fya;=fjka msÛka
ueá iy fmdaisf,aka ksIamd†;j, ksuejqï o w∞<
ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< ° iqΩ jYfhka by< .sfhah'
flfia fj;;a" Y%S ,xldj ;=< ù≥re ksIamdokh lrkq
,nk tlu lr®udka; Yd,dfjys ksIamdok Od˙;dj
hka;% kùlrKh ls¯fï ° ;djld,slj wvq ùu
fya;=fjka ù≥re ksIamd†; ksuejqu my< .sfhah'
úfYaIfhkau" wdydr" mdk jr®. iy T!IO wdY%s;
ù≥re weiqreï lr®udka;h uE; ld,Sk jirj,
w;am;a lr.;a jr®Ok m%jK;dj b†˙hg;a wLKavj
mj;ajdf.k hkq we;ehs wfmalaId lrkq ,enqj o"
fuu lr®udka;fha n,Yla;s ms˙jeh by< w.hla
.ekSu" foaYSh yd f.da,Sh fj<|fmd<j, ù≥re
weiqreï i|yd jr®Okh jk b,aÆfuys m%;s,dN ,nd
.ekSug Y%S ,xldjg we;s yelshdj iSud lrkq we;'
2015 jifr® jdr®;d lrk ,o jr®Okh o blaujd
uQ,sl f,day ksIamd†; Wm wxYh 2016 jir ;=< °
ishhg 28'7 l i;=gq∞hl jr®Okhla jdr®;d lf<ah'
b†ls¯ï wxYfhka uQ,sl f,day i|yd jQ b,aÆu by<
hEu fuu Wm wxYfha ksuejqu by< hEug fya;= úh'
b†ls¯ï lr®udka;h tys jr®Ok m%jK;dj wLKavj
mj;ajdf.k hkq we;ehs wfmalaId lrk w;r"
th uQ,sl f,day Wm wxYfha ldr®hidOkh ;j≥rg;a
jr®Okh ùug fya;= jkq we;ehs wfmalaId l< yelsh'
m%Odk jYfhka keõ ;ekSï iy wÆ;ajeähd
ls¯ïj,ska iukaú; jk ilia l< f,day ksIamd†;
Wm wxYh ishhg 33'6 l miqnEula jdr®;d lf<ah'
fndr f;,a ñ, .Kka wvq ùu;a iu`. wlafjr<
f;,a leKSï l%shdldrlï my; jeàu wlafjr<
leKSï hd;%d i|yd jQ b,aÆu wvq ùug fya;= úh'

2'7 rEm igyk
l¾udka;Yd,d ksIamdok o¾Ylfha
m%Odk ldKavj, jd¾Isl j¾Okh
30
20
10
ishhg
0
-10
-20
wdydr
ksIamd†;
weÛÆï
rnr® iy
ma,diaála
ksIamd†;
2014
fuh jir ;=< ° keõ ;ekSï lghq;= flfrys
wys;lr f,i n,mEfõh' flfia fj;;a" N+f.da,Sh
msysàu" by< ksmqK;d iys; Y%u n,ldh yd Ys,amSh
.=Kd;aulNdjh fya;=fjka wdishdkq l,dmfha keõ
ksIamdokh ls¯fï ikaêia:dkhla njg m;a ùfï
úYd, yelshdjla Y%S ,xldjg mj;S'
ú≥,s Wmdx. Wm wxYfha l%shdld˙;ajh 2016
jir ;=< ° ishhg 9'3 lska muK my; jegq◊'
fuu Wm wxYfha miqnEug m%Odk fya;=j jQfha
ú≥,s m˙Kdul ^g%dkaiafµdaur®& wmkhk i|yd
b;sfhdamshdj" W.kavdj yd fkamd,h jeks
rgj,ska meje;s b,aÆu wvq ùuhs' fuu lr®udka;h
úYd, jYfhka úúOdx.SlrKh ù we;s w;r"
;dlaIKfhka Wiia fukau" ñ, ;r.ld˙;ajh o
w;alr f.k isà' kuq;a" ksIamdokh i|yd jeh jk
ú≥,sn,h iïnkaO wêl úhoï ksid" Y%S ,dxlsl
wmkhkj,g ú≥,s Wmdx. wxYfha wvqu úhoulska
hq;=j ksIamdokh ls¯fï wka;r®cd;sl m%uqLhd jk
Ökh fukau" ;dhsjdkh yd úhÜkduh jeks
rgj,ska t,a, jk ±ä ;r.hg uqyqK °ug is≥ ù
we;' tfia fj;;a" kj wka;r®cd;sl fj<|fmd<g
wj;Sr®K ùu iy ksIamdok ldKav ;j≥rg;a
úúOdx.SlrKh ls¯ug .kakd l%shdudr®. fya;=fjka
fuu lr®udka;fha l%shdld˙;ajh wkd.;fha °
jeä†hqKq fj;ehs wfmalaId flfr®'
ld¾ñl m%;sm;a;s iy wdh;ksl iydh
f.da,Sh w.h ∞uh iu`. iïnkaO ùug
;r.ld˙;ajh by< kexùu ;=<ska" l,dmfha
wmkhk flakaøia:dkh njg Y%S ,xldj m;a ls¯u
cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu
i|yd jk wmkhkdNsuqL ldr®ólrK Wmdhudr®.h
u; mokïj" úúO m%;sm;a;s wLKavj l%shd;aul
ls¯u u.ska lr®udka; wxYfha ixjr®Okh i|yd
rch iydh ,nd ≥kafkah' lr®udka; yd jd◊c
lghq;= wud;HdxYh u.ska m%dfoaYSh ldr®ólrKh
kxjd,Su ms◊i wdfhdack †˙.ekaùu" há;,
myiqlï iemhSu" m%dfoaYSh uÜgñka ;dlaIKsl
2
fiajd iemhSu wLKavj is≥ lrk ,°' fï wkqj"
†ia;%slal 18 la ;=< mj;sk ldr®ñl ckmo 32 l
há;, myiqlï jeä†hqKq ls¯u" fuu wud;HdxYh
mdk jr®. u.ska wLKavj is≥ lrkq ,nhs' fï w;r 2016 jir
ridhk iy
ridhk øjH
wdY%s; ksIamd†;
≥ïfld<
ksIamd†;
wf kl=;a
f,day fkdjk
Lksc
ksIamd†;
;=< ° ;%sl=Kdu,h ^fojk w†hr& iy uvl<mqj
ldr®ñl ckmoj,g w∞< há;, myiqlï ixjr®Ok
lghq;=j,ska nyq;rhla wjika lrk ,°' ukakdru
2015 2016 ldr®ñl ckmohg w∞< ixjr®Ok lghq;= wjika
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j lrk ,o w;r" je,sTh ldr®ñl ckmoh i|yd
há;, myiqlï iemhSu o jir ;=< is≥ lrk ,°'
cd;sl jHjidh ixjr®Ok wêld˙h (NEDA)
úiska Y%S ,dxlSh jHjidhhkaf.a" úfYaIfhkau
iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK lr®udka;j, ixjr®Okh yd
;r.ld˙;ajh jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd myiqlï
ie,iSu iïnkaO lghq;= 2016 jifr® ° o wLKavj
mj;ajdf.k hk ,°' l%udkql+, l%ufõohla ;=<ska
†ia;%slal yd m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdi uÜgfuka
jHjidhlhkag jHdmdr ixjr®Ok fiajd ,nd °fï
wruq◊ka †ia;%sla yd m%dfoaYSh jHjidh ixio
ms<sn| lghq;= wLKavj mj;ajdf.k hkq ,eîh'
;jo" iqms˙ fj<|ie,a cd,j, iemhqïlrejka
f,i iïnkaO ùug wjYH ;dlaI◊l mqyqKq
mdGud,d fuu wêld˙h úiska f;dard.;a iqΩ yd
uOH m˙udK jHjidhhka fjkqfjka mj;ajk ,°'
tfukau" jHjidhlhkaf.a YlH;d ixjr®Okh
ls¯u i|yd m%dfoaYSh jHjidhl;aj ixjr®Ok
jevigyk" ldka;d jHjidhl;aj ixjr®Ok
jevigyk iy §WmdêOd¯ jHjidhl W∞kh¶
hkd†h yryd mqyqKq mdGud,d mj;ajk ,°' ;jo"
jhU úYajúoHd,h iy cd;sl jHjidh ixjr®Ok
wêld˙h w;r taldnoaO jHdmD;shla f,i udl∫r
m%foaYfha jHdmdr fmrjevqï yd ;dlaI◊l mejreï
uOHia:dkhla (Incubator and Technology Transfer
Centre) ia:dms; ls¯ug kshñ;j we;' jhU úYaj
úoHd,h" mr®fhaIK wdh;k yd m%foaYfha iqΩ
yd uOH m˙udK lr®udka;j, mr®fhaIK iy
ixjr®Ok weiq˙ka ìys jQ kjH jHdmdr woyia ;=<ska
kj jHjidhka we;s ls¯ug wjYH myiqlï fukau
hka;% iQ;% wd†h iemhSu fuhska wfmalaId flfr®'
77
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
wmkhk ixjr®Ok wêld˙h úiska úfYaIfhka
weÛÆï" wdNrK" rnr® wdY%s; ksIamdok" mdjyka yd
iïNdKav wd° Y%S ,dxlsl wmkhkj,
;r.ld˙;ajh jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd fj<| m%or®Yk"
wmkhklrejkaf.a iïfï,k" ;dlaI◊l yd
uQ,Huh iydh i|yd jk jevms<sfj<j,a iy
wka;r®cd;sl fj<πu ms<sn| ¥; fufyjr
2
lsysmhla jir ;=< ° ixúOdkh lrk ,°' b†˙fha °
Y%S ,dxlSh ksmehqï m%jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd kj
fj<|fmd< fj; kj ksIamdok y∫kajd °u i|yd
fuu uKav,h ±kg wka;r®cd;sl mdr®Yajlrejka
lsysm fofkl= iu`.u lghq;= lrf.k hkq ,nhs'
2016 whjeh ;=< we;=<;a m%;sm;a;s
fhdackdj,ska we;eï fhdackd" fuu jir ;=<
l%shd;aul ù we;' lr®udka; yd jd◊c lghq;=
wud;HdxYh u.ska m%dfoaYSh ldr®ólrKh jeä†hqKq
ls¯u fjkqfjka rhs.u ldr®ñl ckmoh msysgqùu
iïnkaO uQ,sl lghq;= wdrïN lrk ,°' ;jo" iqΩ yd
uOH m˙udK fldka;%d;alrejka †˙.ekaùu ms◊i
b†ls¯ï lr®udka; wemlr wruqo,a noao" 2016 jifr® °
bj;a lr we;' Bg wu;rj" 2017 jir ;=< ° úoHd"
;dlaIK" kfjda;amdok iïnkaëlrK f,alï
ldr®hd,h" cd;sl kfjda;amdok jevigyk" cd;sl
f;aud;aul mr®fhaIK jevigyk iy cd;sl úoHd
mokfï ;dlaI◊l wkq.%y jevms<sfj< hkd†h
taldnoaO fldg kfjda;amdok läkï ls¯fï
l%ufõohla (Innovation Accelerator) weröug wjYH
uQ,sl mshjr f.k we;'
wdr®:ßl jr®Okh fõ.j;a ls¯u i|yd ldr®ñl
wxYfha ∞hl;ajh by< kexùug 2017 whjeh
;=<ska m%;sm;a;suh fhdackd /ila b†˙m;a lr we;'
iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK wdh;kj, M,∞hS;dj yd
l=i,;d jeä†hqKq ls¯u whjeh fhdackdj, m%Odk
wruqK ù we;' lr®udka; /il mj;akd jQ l=i,;d
W!k;dj mshùug rch hgf;a l%shd;aul jD;a;Sh
mqyqKq uOHia:dk u.ska wjYH jD;a;Sh mqyqKqj
,nd °u i|yd YsIH;aj jevigykla fhdackd ù
we;' Bg wu;rj" fm!oa.,sl wxYhg wh;a weÛÆï"
fi!LH fiajd" wd.ka;=l i;aldr fiajd iy
b†ls¯ï wdh;kj, mqyqKq ùfuys fhfok ;reK
;re◊hka 10"000 la fj; ff;%udisl °ukdjla ,nd
°ug o" fuu whjefhka fhdackd lr we;' f;dard
.;a lr®udka; /il ksr; iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK
jHjidhlhkaf.a jHdmdr mqΩ,a ls¯u i|yd wjYH
Kh ,nd .ekSug Kh iq/l=ï l%uhla o" iyk∞hS
fmd,S wkqmd;sl l%uhla o y∫kajd °ug kshñ;h'
78
jHdmdr M,∞hS;dj ;j≥rg;a jeä†hqKq ls¯fï
wruq◊ka wê;dlaI◊l iajhxl%Sh hkaf;%damlrK
i|yd" jrdh yd .=jkaf;dgqm< noao ishhg 75'0 lska
wvq ls¯ug o whjefhka fhdackd lr we;' ;jo"
fr†ms<s m%udK ls¯u" jr®K .ekaùu yd ksñ njg
m;a ls¯fï tall we;=<;a jk m˙† fr†ms<s lr®udka;
mr®Iohla msysgqjd rch úiska tys wdfhdackh lrkq
,nk wdh;kj,g wjYH bvlvï yd wdfhdack
iyk ,nd °ug kshñ;h' óg wu;rj" fmriú
wdlD;s (Pre-fabricated Structures) u; mkjd ;snQ
ishhg 25'0 l fiia noao wfydais ls¯u" b†ls¯ï
lr®udka;h ;j≥rg;a jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd Wmld¯
jkq we;ehs o wfmalaId flfr®'
ldr®ñl wxYfha M,∞hS;dj by< kexùu
ms◊i úoHdj" ;dlaIKh iy kfjda;amdokj,
∞hl;ajh jeä ls¯u i|yd jQ fhdackd lsysmhlau
2017 jir i|yd jQ whjeh ;=<ska fhdackdù we;'
ldr®ñl wxYh i|yd by< uÜgul ;dlaIKh
fhd∞ .ekSu" by< wd∞hï W;amdokh lrk yd
jeä tl;= l< w.hla iys; NdKav ksIamdokh
lrd uÛ mdohs' fï wkqj" kjHlrK l%shdj,sfhys
wjika w†hrg wjYH lrkq ,nk uQ,H iïm;a
iïmdokh yd tajd jd◊clrKh wruqKq lr
.ksñka msysgq jQ kfjda;amdok läkï ls¯fï
wruqo, (Innovation Accelerater Fund) ;j≥rg;a
Yla;su;a ls¯u i|yd wruqo,a fjka lrk ,°'
;jo" rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl yjq,ald˙;ajfhka hq;=j
T!IO ksIamdokh" cdk ;dlaIK wd° lr®udka;j,
ksr; iud.ïj,g myiqlï ie,iSu i|yd ffcj
;dlaIK kjHlrK WoHdkhla (Biotechnology
Innovation Park) wdrïN ls¯ug fhdackd úh' úoHq;a
ksIamdok iud.ï we;s ls¯ug iydh jkakd jQ
Wiia úoHq;a ksr®udK uOHia:dkh (Centre for
Advanced Electronic Design)" frdfnda ;dlaIKh
Ndú;h ms<sn| úYsIag;d uOHia:dkh (Centre of
Excellence in Robotics Applications) iy Y%S ,xld
kefkda ;dlaIK wdh;kh (Sri Lanka Institute of
Nanotechnology, SLINTEC) hkd†h i|yd wruqo,a
fjka ls¯u u.ska tu wdh;k ;j≥rg;a Yla;su;a
lrk ,°' tfiau" frdfnda ;dlaIKh" „ùka iy
hka;% w;r ikaksfõok úoHdj (Cybernetics),
bf,lafg%dksl wd° lr®udka;j,g iydh ,nd °u
ms◊i tjeks lr®udka; i|yd n≥ iyk ,nd °ug o
fhdackd lrk ,°' 2017 udr®;= udifha ° cd;Hka;r
m%ñ;Skag wkqj cd;sl úoHd uOHia:dkhla msysgqùu
i|yd wud;H uKav, wkque;sh ,eî we;s w;r"

±kgu;a fydaud.u" msámk m%foaYfha wlalr 7 l
N+ñ m%udKhla ta i|yd fjka lr we;' fï iu`.u"
iq≥iq wdh;kj,ska ;dlaI◊l yd uQ,H iydh iy
wjYH WmfoaYk fiajd ,nd .ekSu i|yd wud;H
uKav,h u.ska f;dard m;a lr.;a lñgqjla i|yd o
wkque;sh ysñ úh'
wdr®:ßlh ;=< iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK lr®udka;
wxYfha ∞hl;ajh ie,ls,a,g .ksñka tu
lr®udka; i|yd wjYH uQ,H myiqlï ,nd .ekSfï
yelshdj by< kexùu ms◊i" nexl=j, iuia; Kh
m%udKfhka ishhg 10'0 la iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK
lr®udka; wxYh i|yd fjka ls¯ug 2017 whjeh
;=<ska fhdackd lrk ,°' fï wkqj 2017 fmnrjd˙
udifha ° Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j" 2017 whjeh ;=<ska
wkqu; lrk ,o" y∫kd.;a wxYj,g Kh iemhSu
i|yd jQ cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul ls¯ug iq≥iq
l%shdudr®. .kakd f,i n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=j,ska
b,a,d isák ,°' úfYaIfhkau" lDIslr®uh" ëjr
lr®udka;h" mY= iïm;a" u,a j.dj" f.j;= j.dj"
Æyq bx‚fkare" uqøK" ixpdrl jHdmdrh" w;alï yd
weÛÆï jeks lafIa;%j, kshq;= iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK
jHjidhlhka fjkqfjka iyk∞hS Kh fhdackd
l%uhla o fhdackd úh' ;jo" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
úiska iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK lr®udka; i|yd iajhx
/lshd yd lr®udka; wdrïN ls¯u i|yd iydh ùu
ms◊i §iajYla;s cd;sl Kh fhdackd l%uh¶ wdrïN
lrk ,°'
l=i,;d kexùfï mqyqKq jevigyka" fj<|
m%or®Yk iy fj<| ¥; lKavdhï ixúOdkh
lrñka ldr®ñl wxYfha ixjr®Okh i|yd ;j≥rg;a
jd◊c uKav, yd ix.ï úiska myiqlï imhk ,°'
taldnoaO weÛÆï ix.uh" uqïndhsys jr®fvlaia
m%or®Yk yd m%jr®Ok fm!oa.,sl iud.u yd tlaj
kQ,a" fr†" we∫ï Wmdx. yd iïnkaê; fiajd ms<sn| jQ
ol=Kq wdishdfõ tlu cd;Hka;r m%or®Ykh jk "Intex
South Asia 2016"" m%or®Ykh ixúOdkh lrk ,°'
fuu m%or®Ykh" fr† yd we∫ï Wmdx. i|yd wÆ;a
uQ,dY% y∫kajd °u ;=<ska weÛÆï lr®udka;hg by<
m%;s,dN w;alr °ug iu;a úh' ;jo" taldnoaO
weÛÆï ix.uh" iudc yd lïlre wkql+,;djh
ms<sn| cd;Hka;r jYfhka ms<s.kakd jQ ñkqï
l%uhla y∫kajd °u i|yd ;sridr weÛÆï yjq,
(Sustainable Apparel Coalition) u.ska uq, mqrk ,o
iudc yd lïlre iudfhdack jHdmD;sh (Social and
Labour Convergence Project) i|yd ∞hl úh' ;jo"
Y%S ,xld wmkhk ixjr®Ok uKav,h yd tlaj"
iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK lr®udka;j,g ish wkql+,;d
cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu
by< kxjd .ekSu i|yd iydh ,nd fok ,°' ;jo"
we`.Æï lr®udka;fha ;r.ld˙;ajh by< kexùu
i|yd Y%S ,xld weÛÆï yd fr†ms<s wdh;kh iuÛ
tlaj Y%S ,dxlSh weÛÆï lr®udka;hg kjH ;dlaIKh
y∫kajd °u i|yd myiqlï imhk ,°' óg wu;rj"
Y%S ,xld cd;sl lr®udka; uKav,h" Y%S ,xld fj<| yd
lr®udka; uKav, iïfï,kh" Y%S ,xld cd;sl
2
jd◊c uKav,h jeks jd◊c uKav, o fj<πu yd
wdfhdackh m%jr®Okh ls˙fï wruq◊ka fj<| ¥;
ksfhdack" mqyqKq jevigyka iy fj<| ixio i|yd
;j≥rg;a myiqlï imhk ,°'
úÿ,sh" c,h iy wmøjH l<ukdlrKh
2016 jifr® ° ú≥,sh" c,h iy wmøjH
l<ukdlrK lghq;=j, tl;= l< w.h" 2015
jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 8'8 l jr®Okhg
idfmalaIj ishhg 10'0 lska jr®Okh úh' fuu
ldKavh i|yd úYd,;u ∞hl;ajh imhk ú≥,sh"
.Eia" jdIam yd jdhq iólrK iemhqï ls%hdldrlïj,
tl;= l< w.h 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg
5'9 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg
8'4 lska jr®Okh úh' iuia; ú≥,s W;amdokh"
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 5'9 l jr®Okhg
idfmalaIj 2016 jir ;=< ° ishhg 8'1 lska
by< hEu ;=<ska o fuu jr®Okh ms<sìUq úh' fï
w;r" 2016 jifr® fndfyda ld,hla mqrd meje;s
kshx ;;a;ajh fya;=fjka c, ú≥,sn, W;amdokh"
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 35'0 l jr®Okhg
idfmalaIj ishhg 29'0 lska my; jegq◊' fï
w;r" 2015 jifr® ° ishhg 47'1 lska my; jegqKq
bkaOk f;,a u.ska ú≥,s W;amdokh 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 96'1 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i jr®Okh jQ
w;r" 2015 jifr® ° ishhg 38'8 l jr®Okhla
jdr®;d l< .,a wÛ=re u.ska ú≥,s W;amdokh 2016
jifr® ° ishhg 13'6 lska jr®Okh úh' ;jo" c,h
tla/ia ls¯u" ms˙is≥ ls¯u iy fn∞ye¯fï
ls%hdldrlïj, tl;= l< w.h 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d
l< ishhg 4'4 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 7'9 lska jr®Okh úh' fuys °" cd;sl c,
iïmdok yd c,dmjyk uKav,h u.ska fn∞y˙k ,o
c, m˙udj 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d lrk ,o ishhg
5'7 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg
12'0 l jr®Okhla jdr®;d lrk ,°' ;jo" c,h i|yd
jk b,aÆfuys wLKav jr®Okh ms<sìUq lrñka cd;sl
c, iïmdok yd c,dmjyk uKav,fha iuia;
md˙fNda.sl .sKqï ixLHdj 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l<
79
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
ishhg 6'6 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 7'1 lska jr®Okh úh' ta w;ru" 2016 jifr® °
u,dmjyk lghq;=" li, l<ukdlrKh iy tu
øjH m%;spl%ShlrKh ls¯fï ls%hdldrlïj, tl;=
l< w.h" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 24'9 l
ie,lsh hq;= jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg 17'8 lska
jr®Okh úh'
2
bÈlsÍï
2015 jifr® ° ishhg 2'7 lska my; jegqKq
b†ls¯ï ls%hdldrlïj, tl;= l< w.h 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 14'9 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i jr®Okh úh'
fld<U cd;Hka;r uQ,H k.rh" olaIsK wêfõ.S
udr®.h °r®> ls¯fï lghq;=" fld<U msg; jgrjqï
udr®.fha ;=kajk w†hr iy ke.S tk uy,a ksjdi
ixlSr®K b†ls¯ï ls%hdldrlï jeks uyd m˙udK
b†ls¯ï jHdmD;s" b†ls¯ï ls%hdldrlïj, jr®Okh
i|yd fnfyúka ∞hl úh' 2015 jifr® ° ishhg 5'8 l
jr®Okhla jdr®;d l< foAYSh isfuka;s ksIamdok
iy tys wdkhk j, iuia;h 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 25'3 l by< jr®Okhla jdr®;d ls¯u ;=<ska o
b†ls¯ï ls%hdldrlïj, fuu hym;a m%jK;djh
ms<sìUq úh' fuys°" foaYSh jYfhka isfuka;s
ksIamdokh iy isfuka;s wdkhkh 2016 jifr® °
ms<sfj<ska ishhg 17'8 lska iy ishhg 29'5 lska
jr®Okh úh' b†ls¯ï ls%hdldrlïj, we;s ys;lr
jr®Okh fmkakqï lrñka wdfhdack NdKav iy
f.dvke.s,s øjH wdkhk m˙ud or®Yl o 2016 jifr® °
ms<sfj<ska ishhg 20'0 lska iy ishhg 22'9 lska
jr®Okh úh' ;jo" 2016 jifr® ° n,m;%,dNS jd◊c
nexl= u.ska b†ls¯ï lghq;= i|yd fm!oa.,sl wxYh
fj; ,ndfok Kh" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l<
ishhg 36'1 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ;j≥rg;a ishhg
26'9 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i jr®Okh úh' tfukau"
ksjdi b†ls¯ï lghq;=j, jr®Okh ms<sìUq lrñka
n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= u.ska mqoa.,sl ksjdi
b†ls¯ï lghq;= i|yd ,ndfok Kh m%udKh o
2016 jifr® ° ishhg 27'1 lska jr®Okh úh' ;jo"
iydêm;H l<ukdlrK wêld˙h úiska iy;sl
lrk ,o" iïmQr®K l< uy,a ksjdi tall ixLHdj
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d lrk ,o ishhg 29'5 l my;
jeàug idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 24'5 lska
jr®Okh úh' b†ls¯ï ls%hdldrlïj, uE;ld,Sk
m%jK;djhkays ;sridrNdjh wOHhkh ls¯fï
wruqfKka uy,a ksjdi fj<|fmdf<ys fuu ke.S
tk Wmk;Ska y∫kd.ekSug YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
úiska fld<U †ia;%slalh i|yd iydêm;H foam<
ñ, or®Ylhla iïmdokh lrk ,°'
80
fiajd
o'foa'ks' i|yd iuia;hla jYfhka jeäu
∞hl;ajh ,ndfok fiajd wdY%s; wdr®:ßl lghq;=j,
tl;= l< w.h 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg
5'7 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg
4'2 lska jr®Okh úh' fmr jirg idfmalaIj wvq
fõ.hlska jqjo fndfyda fiajd wdY%s; wdr®:ßl lghq;=
2016 jifr® ° ys;lr f,i jr®Okh úh' fiajd
lghq;=j, fuu jr®Okh i|yd m%Odk jYfhka uQ,H
fiajd lghq;=j, by< jr®Okh fukau NdKav yd
u.S m%jdyk fiajdj, by< hEu o fnfyúka
bjy,a úh' ;jo" f;d. iy is,a,r fj<πï
lghq;=" rdcH m˙md,k fiajd" foam< fj<πï
lghq;=" wOHdmksl fiajd" fjk;a fm!oa.,sl
fiajd" rlaIKh" kjd;eka iy wdydr mdk
iemhSfï fiajd" ú≥,s ixfoaY fiajd" fi!LH fiajd
fukau f;dr;=re ;dlaIK fiajdj, jr®Okh o
fiajd wdY%s; wdr®:ßl lghq;=j, m%.;sh flfrys
ys;lr f,i ∞hl úh' flfia jqjo" jir ;=< °
jD;a;Shuh fiajdjkays my; jeàula olakg ,enq◊'
fï w;r;=r °" YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska udislj
iïmdokh lrkq ,nk fiajd wxYfha .ekqï
l<ukdlrejkaf.a or®Ylh o fiajd wdY%s; wdr®:ßl
lghq;=j, wLKav jr®Okh ms<sìUq lrñka 2016
jir mqrdu idOkSh jr®Okhla jdr®;d lrk ,°'
ta wkqj" kj jHdmdr" jHdmdr ls%hdldrlï" fiajd
kshqla;sh iy wfmalaIs; b†˙ jHdmdr ls%hdldrlï
hk Wm or®Yl jir mqrd jr®Okhla fmkakqï lrk
,o w;r" ksu ls¯ug kshñ; ldr®hhka Wm or®Ylh
my< hEula fmkakqï lrk ,°' ;jo" Y%S ,xld uy
nexl=fõ jHdmdr wfmalaId ms<sn| iólaIKfhys
fiajd lghq;=j,g w∞< Wm or®Ylj, yeis¯u ;=<ska o
fiajd lghq;=j, olakg ,enqKq fuu jr®Okh
ms<sìUq úh' ta wkqj" jHdmdr ;;a;ajh" b,aÆu iy
úl=Kqï hk Wm or®Ylj, jdr®Isl idudkHh tys
lvbï uÜgug jvd by< uÜgul meje;=◊'
f;d. iy is,a,r fj<|du
2016 jifr® ° f;d. iy is,a,r fj<πï
lghq;=j, tl;= l< w.h" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l<
ishhg 5'1 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg 2'5 lska
jr®Okh úh' jir ;=< ° wdkhk iy wmkhk
m˙ud or®Ylj, yeis¯u ;=<ska o fuu ukao.dñ;ajh
ms<sìUq úh' ;jo" lDIsldr®ñl lghq;=j, ksuejqu
my; jeàu fukau ksIamdok lr®udka;j, ksuejqu
ukao.dó ùu o fj<| lghq;=j, ls%hdld˙;ajh
flfrys whym;a f,i n,mdk ,°' 2016 jifr® °
wdkhk m˙ud or®Ylh" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l<

ishhg 10'6 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg 7'9 lska
by< hk ,°' fuys°" wka;r® NdKav iy wdfhdack
NdKav wdkhk jir ;=< ° by< .sh w;r
md˙fNda.sl NdKav wdkhk my; jegq◊' ta wkqj"
wka;r® NdKav wdkhk m˙ud or®Ylh 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 10'8 lska by< .sh w;r fï i|yd m%Odk
jYfhka bkaOk iy fr†ms<s yd fr†ms<s Wmdx.
wdkhk by< hEu fya;= úh' ;jo" 2016 jifr® °
wdfhdack NdKav wdkhk m˙ud or®Ylh" 2015
jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 13'6 l jr®Okhg
idfmalaIj ishhg 20'0 lska wLKavj jr®Okh úh'
m%jdyk WmlrK wdkhk my< hEu uOHfha jqjo
hka;%iQ;% yd WmlrK fukau f.dvke.s,s
øjH wdkhkfhys olakg ,enqKq by< jr®Okh
fï i|yd m%Odk jYfhka ∞hl úh' flfia jqjo"
2016 jifr® ° wdydr iy mdk fukau wfkl=;a
md˙fNda.sl NdKav wdkhk my< hEu fya;=fjka"
md˙fNda.sl NdKav wdkhk m˙ud or®Ylh 2015
jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 24'1 l jr®Okhg
idfmalaIj ishhg 12'0 lska my; jegq◊' fï
w;r" 2016 jifr® ° m%Odk jYfhka lDIsldr®ñl
wmkhk my; jeàu fukau ldr®ñl NdKav
wmkhkfhys olakg ,enqKq ukao.dó;ajh o
fya;=fjka wmkhk m˙ud or®Ylh" 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d l< ishhg 4'6 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj
ishhg 0'7 lska my; jegq◊'
m%jdykh iy .nvd myiqlï
2016 jifr® ° NdKav yd u.S m%jdyk fiajdjka
iy .nvd myiqlï iemhSfï lghq;=j, tl;=
l< w.h" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 5'0 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg 4'1 lska jr®Okh úh'
fuys°" m%jdyk fiajd u.ska fufyhjk ,o u.S
lsf,daógr® m%udKfhys wvq jr®Okhla olakg
,enq◊' ta wkqj" YS% ,xld .ukd.uk uKav,h iy
fm!oa.,sl wxYfha nia r: fiajd u.ska fufyhjk
,o iuia; u.S lsf,daógr® m%udKh 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d l< ms<sfj<ska ishhg 19'6 l yd ishhg 6'1 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ms<sfj<ska
ishhg 6'1 l yd ishhg 2'0 l wvq jr®Okhla
jdr®;d lrk ,°' fï w;r" 2015 jifr® ° ishhg
8'3 lska jr®Okh jQ YS% ,xld ≥ï˙h fiajh u.ska
fufyhjk ,o u.S lsf,daógr® m%udKh o 2016
jifr® ° ishhg 0'1 l wvq fõ.hlska jr®Okh úh'
flfia jqjo" YS% ,xlka .=jka fiajh u.ska
fufyhjk ,o u.S lsf,daógr® m%udKh 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d l< ishhg 0'2 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016
jifr® ° ishhg 0'8 lska jr®Okh úh' fï w;r"
cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu
YS% ,xld jrdhhka u.ska yiqrejk ,o nydÆï
m%udKh ^wä 20 g iudk nydÆï tallj,ska& iy
fgdka fk!Ndrh 2015 jir ;=< ° ms<sfj<ska jdr®;d
lrk ,o ishhg 5'7 l yd ishhg 4'3 l jr®Okhg
idfmalaIj 2016 jir ;=< ° ms<sfj<ska ishhg 10'6 l yd
ishhg 11'5 l jr®Okhla jdr®;d lrk ,°' ;jo"
YS% ,xld ≥ï˙h fiajh u.ska m%jdykh lrk ,o
2
NdKav fgdka lsf,daógr® m%udKh 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d l< ishhg 0'3 l my; jeàug idfmalaIj
2016 jifr® ° ishhg 7'6 lska jr®Okh úh' ;jo"
YS% ,xlka .=jka fiajh u.ska m%jdykh lrk ,o
NdKav fgdka lsf,daógr® m%udKh 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d l< ishhg 7'5 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj
2016 jifr® ° ishhg 5'0 lska jr®Okh úh' fï
w;r" 2016 jifr® ° ;eme,a yd l=˙hr® fiajdjka ys
tl;= l< w.h" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg
0'1 l my; jeàug idfmalaIj ishhg 5'1 lska
jr®Okh úh' ;eme,a fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska
jir ;=< ° foaYShj fukau úfoaYShj is≥ l< ,sms
fn∞ye¯fï lghq;=j, olakg ,enqKq by< hEu
;=<ska o fuu jr®Okh ms<sìUq úh'
kjd;eka iy wdydrmdk iemhSfï fiajdjka
2016 jifr® ° kjd;eka iy wdydrmdk
iemhSfï fiajdj, tl;= l< w.h" 2015 jifr® oS
jdr®;d l< ishhg 1'9 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj
ishhg 4'0 lska jr®Okh úh' ixpdrl jHdmdrhg
wod< lghq;= ie,lSfï °" ixpdrlhkaf.a meñ”u
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 17'8 l jr®Okh
yd iei`°fï° idfmalaIj wvq fõ.hlska jqjo 2016
jifr® ° ishhg 14'0 lska jr®Okh úh' l,dm jYfhka
ie,lSfï ° furgg jeäu ixpdrlhska ms˙ila
ngysr hqfrdamfhka meñK we;s w;r fojkqj jeäu
ixpdrl ms˙ila ol=Kq wdishdfjka meñK we;'
jdih lrk rg wkqj ixpdrl meñ”u ie,lSfï °
bka†hdj ;j≥rg;a m%uqL;ajh .kakd w;r fuu
by< jr®Okh i|yd wLKavj ∞hl fjñka Ökh
tys fojeks ;ekg m;aj we;' fï w;r" YS% ,xld
ixpdrl ixjr®Ok wêld˙fha wkque;sh iys;
fYa%◊.; fydag,aj, ldur Wmfhdack wkqmd;h
2015 jifr® ° meje;s ishhg 74'5 l uÜgug
idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 74'8 olajd jr®Okh ù
we;' ;jo" ixpdrl wxYfha bmehsSï jir ;=< °
wLKavj jr®Okh fjñka t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 3'5 la
olajd ishhg 18'0 lska by< f.dia we;' fï w;r"
fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdack úhofuys by< hEu u.ska o
ms<sìUq jQ fydag,a iy wdmkYd,d myiqlï i|yd
by< hk b,aÆu" kjd;eka iy wdydrmdk iemhSfï
fiajd m%idrKh i|yd ∞hl úh'
81
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
f;dr;=re iy ikaksfõokh
2016 jifr® ° f;dr;=re iy ikaksfõokh wdY%s;
wdr®:ßl lghq;=j, tl;= l< w.h" 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d l< ishhg 10'9 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj
ishhg 8'0 lska jr®Okh úh' 2015 jifr® ° ishhg
10'1 lska jr®Okh jQ ú≥,s ixfoaY fiajdj, tl;=
l< w.h 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 8'3 lska ;j≥rg;a
2
wLKavj by< hEu fuu ldKavfhys jr®Okh
flfrys fnfyúka ∞hl úh' fuys° cx.u ≥rl:k
.%dyl ixLHdj fukau /yeka iys; ia:djr ≥rl:k
iïnkaO;djka o ;j ≥rg;a wLKavj jr®Okh jqjo
/yeka rys; ia:djr ≥rl:k in|;d ixLHdj my;
jeàulg ,laúh' ;jo" wka;r®cd, in|;d fukau
cx.u mqΩ,a mrdi fiajd o jir ;=< ° jr®Okh úh'
2016 jifr® ° m˙.Kl jevigyka iy uD≥ldx.
ksIamdokh iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK fiajdj, tl;=
l< w.h" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 14'8 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg 7'1 lska jr®Okh úh'
;jo" .=jka ú≥,s iy rEmjdyskS úldYk iy tu
ksIamdok lghq;=j, tl;= l< w.h 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d l< ishhg 4'4 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016
jifr® ° ishhg 7'7 lska jr®Okh úh'
uQ,H" rlaIKh iy ksjdi whs;sh yd foam< fj<`odu
2016 jifr® ° uQ,H" rlaIKh iy ksjdi
whs;sh yd foam< fj<πï wdY%s; lghq;=j, tl;=
l< w.h" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 13'3 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg 8'4 l jr®Okhla
jdr®;d lrk ,°' fuu ldKavfhys ishÆu wdr®:ßl
lghq;= 2015 jirg idfmalaIj wvq fõ.hlska jqjo
jir ;=< ° wLKavj jr®Okh úh' 2015 jifr® °
ishhg 17'2 lska jr®Okh jQ uQ,H w;rue† fiajdjka
iy ta wdY%s; fjk;a fiajdj, tl;= l< w.h 2016
jifr® ° ishhg 12'4 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i by<
hEu fuu jr®Okh flfrys fnfyúka bjy,a úh'
fuu jr®Okh ms<sìUq lrñka" nexl= lafIa;%fha
iy nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;kj, o< Kh iy
w;a;sldrï m%udKh 2015 jifr® ° ms<sfj<ska jdr®;d
l< ishhg 21'1 l yd ishhg 30'6 l jr®Okhg
idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ms<sfj<ska ishhg 17'5 l yd
ishhg 20'1 l jr®Okhla jdr®;d lr we;' ;jo"
nexl= lafIa;%fha iy nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;kj,
;ekam;= m%udKh 2015 jifr® ° ms<sfj<ska jdr®;d l<
ishhg 15'3 l yd ishhg 16'1 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj
2016 jifr® ° ms<sfj<ska ishhg 16'5 lska yd
ishhg 10'5 lska by< f.dia we;' ta wkqj" nexl=
lafIa;%fha iy nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;kj, o<
Kh iy ;ekam;=j, iuia; tl;=j 2015 jifr® °
82
ms<sfj<ska jdr®;d lrk ,o ishhg 17'9 l yd
ishhg 24'9 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® °
ms<sfj<ska ishhg 17'0 lska yd ishhg 16'6 lska
jr®Okh úh' fï w;r;=r °" 2016 jifr® ° rlaIKh"
m%;srlaIKh yd úY%du wruqo,a l<ukdlrKh
wdY%s; lghq;=j, tl;= l< w.h" 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d lrk ,o ishhg 9'3 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj
ishhg 8'5 lska by< hk ,°' fï w;r" rlaIK
lafIa;%fha jd˙l wd∞hï iy ysñlï f.ùïj,
tl;=j 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d lrk ,o ishhg 16'6 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 15'1 lska
by< hEu ;=<ska o rlaIK lghq;=j, olakg ,enqKq
fuu m%.;sh ms<sìUq úh' ;jo" 2015 jifr® ° ishhg
10'2 l jr®Okhla jdr®;d l< ksjdi whs;sh iy
foam< fj<πï lghq;=j, tl;= l< w.h 2016
jifr® ° ishhg 4'2 l jr®Okhla jdr®;d lrk ,°'
jD;a;Shuh fiajdjka iy fjk;a fm!oa.,sl fiajdjka
2016 jifr® ° jD;a;Shuh fiajd iy fjk;a
fm!oa.,sl fiajdj, tl;= l< w.h" 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d l< ishhg 1'8 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg
0'7 l jr®Okhla jdr®;d lr we;' fuu ldKavh
i|yd m%Odk;u ∞hl;ajh olajk fr†ms<s fia°ï"
ksr®udKd;aul l,djka yd úfkda∞iajdoh iemhSfï
fiajd" flaYd,xlrKh yd fjk;a rEm,djKH
i;aldr fiajd iy wjux.,H lghq;= yd iïnkaO
ldr®hhka jeks lghq;=j,ska iukaú; jk fjk;a
fm!oa.,sl fiajdj, tl;= l< w.h 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d l< ishhg 3'6 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016
jifr® ° jvd wvq fõ.hlska jqjo ishhg 1'3 lska
wLKavj jr®Okh úh' úfYaI ksmqK;d yd ±kqu
wjYH jk wdr®:ßl lghq;= jk .Dy ksr®udK yd
bx‚fkare lghq;=" úoHd;aul mr®fhaIK yd
ixjr®Okh" m%pdrKh iy fj<| ±kaùï mr®fhaIK"
kS;suh fukau .KldêlrK fiajdjka o we;=<;a
jk jD;a;Shuh" úoHd;aul" ;dlaI◊l" m˙md,k yd
iydhl fiajd wdY%s; ls%hdldrlïj, tl;= l<
w.h 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 7'4 l my;
jeàug idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 3'1 lska
;j≥rg;a my; jegq◊'
rdcH mßmd,kh" cd;sl wdrlaIdj" wOHdmkh"
fi!LHh yd iudc fiajdjka
2016 jifr® °" rdcH m˙md,kh" cd;sl
wdrlaIdj" wOHdmkh" fi!LHh yd iudc fiajdjka
wdY%s; lghq;=j, tl;= l< w.h" 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d l< ishhg 3'6 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj
ishhg 4'9 l jr®Okhla jdr®;d lr we;' fuu

lghq;= i|yd m%Odk;u ∞hl;ajh olajk rdcH
m˙md,kh" cd;sl wdrlaIdj iy iudc wdrlaIKh
wdY%s; lghq;=j, tl;= l< w.h 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d l< ishhg 6'9 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016
jifr® ° ishhg 5'2 lska by< hEu fuu jr®Okh
i|yd fnfyúka bjy,a úh' fï w;r" wOHdmk
fiajdj, tl;= l< w.h 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d
l< ishhg 8'1 l my; jeàug idfmalaIj 2016
jifr® ° ishhg 7'5 lska ys;lr f,i jr®Okh úh'
;jo" 2016 jifr® ° fi!LH" fkajdisl
/ljrK fiajd yd iudc fiajdj, tl;= l< w.h
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 8'1 l jr®Okhg
idfmalaIj ishhg 1'5 lska jr®Okh úh'
2'5 úhou
foaYSh m˙fNdack iy wdfhdack úhou ;=<ska
ckkh jk o< foaYSh úhou ^o'foa'ú'& kdñl
jYfhka 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 5'2 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk
12"742'8 la olajd ishhg 8'2 lska jr®Okh úh' fï
i|yd m%Odk jYfhka wdfhdack úhofuys jdr®;d jQ
ishhg 19'6 l jr®Okh fukau m˙fNdack úhofuys
jdr®;d jQ ishhg 4'1 l jr®Okh o fya;= úh' fï w;r"
o'foa'ú' uQr®; jYfhka 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg
6'3 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg
6'2 lska jr®Okh úh' uQr®; jYfhka ie,lSfï °"
wdfhdack úhou 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l<
ishhg 1'2 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 18'1 l by< jr®Ok fõ.hla jdr®;d lrk ,°'
2016 jifr® ° m˙fNdack úhou" 2015 jir ;=< °
jdr®;d lrk ,o ishhg 8'8 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj
ishhg 0'9 l idfmalaI wvq jr®Okhla jdr®;d
lrñka m˙fNdack úhou flfrys ñ, uÜgï by<
hdu ksid we;s jQ n,mEu fmkakqï lrk ,°' fï
w;r" 2016 jifr® ° Y=oaO úfoaYSh b,aÆu kdñl
jYfhka ie,l+ úg" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l<
ishhg 1'4 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg 9'6 lska
my; jegq◊' fuys°" remsh,a jákdlu wkqj NdKav
yd fiajd wmkhk iy wdkhk 2015 jifr® °
ms<sfj<ska jdr®;d l< ishhg 5'3 l yd ishhg 3'5 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ms<sfj<ska
ishhg 10'3 lska yd ishhg 10'1 lska jr®Okh úh'
uQr®; jYfhka wdkhk ishhg 7'9 lska jr®Okh jQ
w;r wmkhk ishhg 0'7 lska my; jeàu
fya;=fjka Y=oaO úfoaYSh b,aÆu uQr®; jYfhka o
my< .sfhah' ;jo" wdkhk ñ, uÜgïj,g
idfmalaIj wmkhk ñ, uÜgï by< w.hl meje;s
nj ms<sìUq lrñka 2015 jifr® ° ishhg 2'7 lska
jr®Okh jQ fj<| ñ, wkqmd;h 2016 jifr® °
cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu
ishhg 3'7 lska jr®Okh úh' úfoaY b,aÆfuys olakg
,enqKq fuu m%jK;djh wdkhk yd wmkhk
or®Yl u.ska o ms<sìUq úh' fuys°" jákdlu fukau
m˙udj wkqj o wdkhk jr®Okh úh' flfia jqjo"
wmkhk m˙ud or®Ylh my< .sh w;r jákdlu
wkqj wmkhk or®Ylh by< hk ,°' wdkhk
m%udKd;aulj fukau jákdlu wkqj jr®Okh
2
i|yd wdfhdack lghq;= jr®Okh ùu;a iu.u
wdfhdack NdKav iy wka;r® NdKav wdkhkh
by< hEu m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' flfia jqjo"
jir ;=< m˙fNdack NdKav wdkhkfhys my;
jeàula olakg ,enq◊' fï w;r" 2016 jifr® °
jákdlu wkqj lDIsldr®ñl" ldr®ñl iy Lksc øjH
hk ishÆu wmkhk or®Ylj, jr®Okhla olakg
,enqKs' flfia jqjo" m%udKd;aul jYfhka ie,l+
úg lDIsldr®ñl wmkhkj, my; jeàula olakg
,enqKq w;r ldr®ñl iy Lksc øjH wmkhkj,
jr®Okhla olakg ,enq◊' ta wkqj" o'foa'ú' Y=oaO
úfoaYSh b,aÆug .e,mSfuka ,efnk o'foa'ks' 2016
jifr® ° mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj remsh,a
ì,shk 11"839 la olajd ishhg 8'1 lska jr®Okh jQ
w;r fï i|yd uQr®; jYfhka o'foa'ks' ishhg 4'4 lska
jr®Okh ùu iy o'foa'ks' .uH wjOuklh ishhg
3'6 lska jr®Okh ùu ∞hl úh'
mßfNdackh
2016 jifr® ° iuia; úhofuka ishhg
76'2 lg ∞hl;ajh olajk ,o m˙fNdack úhofuys
kdñl jákdlu" 2015 ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 10'3 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg 4'1 l jr®Okhla jdr®;d
lrñka re' ì,shk 9"018'9 la olajd by< hk ,°'
2015 jirg idfmalaIj 2016 jir ;=< ° fm!oa.,sl
fukau rdcH m˙fNdack úhou o wvq fõ.hlska
jr®Okh ùu fuu miqnEu flfrys m%Odk jYfhka
fya;= úh' ta wkqj" 2016 jifr® ° iuia; m˙fNdack
úhofuka ishhg 88'7 lg ∞hl;ajh olajk ,o
fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdack úhou" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l<
ishhg 10'0 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg 4'3 lska
jr®Okh úh' jákdlu wkqj fukau m˙udj wkqj o
m˙fNdack NdKav wdkhk or®Ylfhys my; jeàu
u.ska o fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdack úhofuys olakg
,enqKq fuu idfmalaI wvq jr®Okh ms<sìUq úh'
flfia jqjo" m˙fNdack NdKav wdkhkfha °
jákdlu wkqj olakg ,enqKq my; jeàug
idfmalaIj jvd jeä fõ.hlska m%udKd;aulj my;
jeàu ;=<ska wdkhkj, ñ, uÜgï by< hEfuka
fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdackh flfrys we;s jQ wys;lr
n,mEu ms<sìUq úh' ;jo" foaYSh jYfhka .;a l,
rcfha n≥ by< kexùu o fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdackh
83
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
úfYaI igyk 4
jHdmdr nqoaê f;dr;=re iy úi,a o;a;( uy nexl= ixLHd o;a;j, kj udkhla
;SrK .ekSfï ls%hdj,sfha ° ixLHd;aul fukau
ixLHd;aul fkdjk f;dr;=re o wvx.= jk m%d:ñl
o;a; tla/ials¯u yd m%;sieliSï i|yd ;dlaI◊l
l%ufõo fhd∞.kakd iuia; ls%hdj,sh jHdmdr nqoaê
2
f;dr;=re iïmdokh f,i ie,lsh yel' fujka
l%ufõohka nyq, f,i f,dj mqrd uy nexl= úiska
uy nexl=lrKfha mqΩ,a wruqKq <Ûd lr .ekSu i|yd
wjYH m%;sm;a;s iïmdokfha ° Wmld¯ lr.kq ,efí'
tfiau uE;ld,Skj wkd.; ±laulska hq;=j jvd
±kqj;a Ndjhlska m%;sm;a;suh ;SrK .ekSu i|yd
jHdmdr nqoaê f;dr;=re uy nexl= úiska Ndú;d lrkq
olakg ,efnhs' ;jo" kshduk jd;djrKh ys;lr
ùu fya;=fjka myiq jQ kfjda;amdok lghq;= iy
f;dr;=re iy ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfhys jeä †hqKqùu
f.da,Sh wdr®:ßlfha iy uQ,H moaO;sj, fjkialï
/ila is≥ ls¯ug fya;= ù we;' úfYaIfhkau" f.da,Sh
uQ,H wr®nqofhys m%;sM,hla f,i jvd;a .eUqre iy
mD:q, f;dr;=re flfrys jr®;udkfhys wjOdkh
fhduqj we;' ta wkqj uQ,H iy wdr®:ßl úYaf,aIlhka
úiska wdr®:ßlh ms<sn| w;sfr®l wjfndaOhla ,nd.ekSu
Wfoid idr®j úplaIKYS,S .=Kd;aul o;a; flfrys
jeämqr keUqre ù we;' fujeks miqìula ;=< úi,a o;a;
(Big Data) kï kjuq ixl,amhla b†˙hg meñfKñka
mj;S' fuh ;dlaI◊l †hqKqfõ m%;sM,hla f,i
jHdmd˙l .kqfokqj,ska ckkh jk ä‚g,a o;a;" iudc
cd," cd,.; m˙.Kl iy øjH wka;r®cd,.; ls¯u1
(Internet of Things) jeks lghq;= iu. iyiïnkaO ù
we;' úi,a o;a; hkq úYd, o;a; m%udKhla jk
w;r" jHdmdr nqoaê f;dr;=re iïmdokh hkq tu
o;a; Wmfhda.S fldgf.k jvd iq≥iq ;SrK .ekSug"
ldr®hlaIu;djh jeä ls¯ug iy wruqKq <Ûd lr
.ekSug yels jk m˙† jvd wr®:j;a f;dr;=re Wlyd
.ekSu i|yd fhd∞.kakd ls%hdj,sh f,i ye¢kaúh
yel' fjk;a wdldrhlska .;a l, úi,a o;a; hkq
ms<s;=re we;=<;a mqia;ld,hla jk w;r jHdmdr nqoaê
f;dr;=re iïmdokh hkq tu ms<s;=re Wlyd.ekSug
Wmld¯ jk ls%hdj,sh fõ'
fuu jr®Okhka b;du;a fõ.fhka is≥jk miqìula
;=< jr®;udkfha mj;sk ks, uQ,dY%hkaf.ka ,efnk
m%udKd;aul yd .=Kd;aul f;dr;=re muKla jvd
±kqïj;a b†˙ ±laula iys; m%;sm;a;s iïmdokfha °
m%udKj;a fkdúh yels w;ru mj;sk wdr®:ßl
Wmk;Ska l,a we;sj y∫kd.ekSu ms◊i ksis fõ,djg
1 o;a; yqjudre l< yels m˙†" t†fk∞ Ndú;d lrk WmlrK ;=< wvx.=
m˙.Kl fuj,ïj, ;sfnk wka;r®cd, in|;d ;=<ska tlsfkld yd
iïnkaO ùu'
84
tu f;dr;=re fkd,efnk wjia:d o we;' ta wkqj" fuu
f;dr;=re ysvei mshùug f.da,Sh jYfhka uy nexl=
úi,a o;a; yd jHdmdr nqoaê f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSu flfrys
Wkka≥ fõ' flfia jqjo" m%;sm;a;s m%uqL;d ;SrKh
ls¯u i|yd Ndú;fha° uy nexl= úiska ,nd.kakd
tu o;a;j, mj;sk .eUqr yd ;Sj%;ajh iïnkaO .egÆ
;j≥rg;a wNsfhda.hlaj mj;shs'
o;a; i|yd jQ kj ixl,amh( úi,a o;a;
úi,a o;a; hkq m%;sm;a;s iïmdokh ;sj% ls¯u i|yd
wLKavj ∞hl jk ixúê; fukau wixúê; jQ by<
m˙udjlska hq;= o;a; iuQyhls' ä‚g,a m˙Kduk
ls%hdj,sfhys mj;sk by< jr®Okh ms<sìUq lrñka
f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh fï jk úg ffoksl jHdmd˙l
fukau fm!oa.,sl lghq;=j, ° o w;HjYH
idOlhla fjñka mj;shs' fuu ä‚g,a wdr®:ßlh"
ckudOH" nexl=lrKh (uQ,H ;dlaI◊l ksmehqï -
Fin-Tech2 ;=<ska)" is,a,r fj<πu (e-commerce ;=<sk)a "
n,Yla;sh" m%jdykh iy fi!LHh ^bf,lafg%dksl
jYfhka jdr®;d ;nd.ekSu iy ä‚g,a ;dlaIKh u.ska
fi!LH .egÆ i|yd ms<shï fhoùu - Digital Health
Solutions& wd° wxY fukau úfkda∞iajdoh iemhSu yd
iudchSh wka;r®ls%hd ^iudc cd," wka;r®cd, lsS%vd"
nyqudOH o;a; nd.; ls¯ulska f;drj Ndú;d ls¯ug
ie,iSu - Streaming Services& wd° wxY iu. jvd
iyiïnkaO fjñka mj;shs'
fuu uQ,dY%hkaf.ka tla/ia lr.;a úi,a o;a; m%Odk
jYfhka ,laIK y;rlska hq;= fõ( m˙udj" úúO;ajh"
m%fõ.h iy ksrjoH;djh
÷ m˙udj - úi,a o;a; m%udKd;aulj úYd, jk
w;r idïm%∞hsl o;a;j,g idfmalaIj b;du
laIqø uÜgfï f;dr;=re o we;=,;a fõ'
÷ úúO;ajh - m%udKd;aulj by< w.hla .ekSug
wu;rj" ñksid fukau hka;% úiska ksmojk ,o
úúO uQ,hkaf.ka ckkh jQ fuu o;a; b;d
ixlSr®K fukau úúO me;slvj,ska o hq;= fõ'
÷ m%fõ.h - ;dlaIKfha †hqKqj;a iu.u fuu o;a;
by< ixLHd;hlska hq;=j b;d blaau◊ka ckkh
ls¯ug fukau ilia ls¯fï ls%hdj,shg Ndckh
ls¯ug o yels jkq we;'
2 uQ,H ;dlaI◊l ksmehqï (Fin-Tech) hkq uQ,sl jYfhka uD≥ldx. u.ska
uQ,H fiajd iemhSï lghq;= is≥ls¯uh' fuu ixl,amh uQ,H idlaIr;djh
iy wOHdmkh yd iïnkaO kfjda;amdok" is,a,r nexl= lghq;=" wdfhdack
iy ìÜfldhska (Bitcoin) jeks ä‚g,a jHjydr uqo,a (Crypto-Currencies)
wd° uQ,H wxYfha ´kEu ;dlaI◊l kfjda;amdokhla we;=<;a jk m˙†
mqΩ,aj we;'

÷ ksrjoH;djh - fuu o;a;j, b;d jeo.;a
,laIKhla jkafka tajd úúO o;a; uQ,dY%j,ska
,nd.kakd fyhska hï wjia:dj, ° tla tla
uQ,dY% w;r o;a;j, fjkialï mej;Su fyda
o;a;j, .=Kd;aul Ndjfhys fjkialï ;sìh
yels ùuh' tu ksid o;a;j, ksrjoH;djh iy
m%ñ;sh ms<sn|j ksrka;r m¯laIdjg ,la l< hq;=h'
;jo ksrjoH;dj iy mj;sk m%ñ;sh idïm%∞hsl
o;a;j, uÜgfïu fyda Bg jvd by< uÜgul
úh hq;=h' fuys°" o;a;j, wdjrK mrdih iy
Ndú;d lrk l%ufõoh ms<sn|j mdroDYHNdjh
mj;ajd .ekSu ksrjoH;djh by< kexùu i|yd
bjy,a jkq we;'
wd¾Ól yd ñ, ia:dhS;djh i|yd úi,a o;a;
wdr®:ßl ls%hdldrlï yd ñ, uÜgï ks¯laIKh ls¯u
i|yd kjH m%fõYhlska hq;=j mqΩ,a wOHhkhla
is≥ ls¯fï ° m%udKd;aulj úYd, jQ ä‚g,a o;a;
iajrEmfhka mj;sk fuu úi,a o;a; fhd∞.ekSfï
jdis /ila mj;shs' ;jo" wdr®:ßlfha b†˙ ls%hdldrlï
ms<sn|j mQr®j ±kqï°fï or®Yl iïmdokh ls¯u ;=<ska
fukau wdr®:ßlfha j;auka iajrEmh ms<sn|j tiekska
f;dr;=re ,nd°u ;=<ska ;;ald,Sk uqo,a m%;sm;a;s
;SrK .ekSfï .=Kd;aul Ndjh jr®Okh ls¯fï ° o
úi,a o;a;j, ld,dkqrEmS Ndjh bjy,a fõ'
idïm%∞hsl o;a; uQ,dY% wdY%s;j fuu f;dr;=re
,nd.ekSug ie,lsh hq;= ld,hla .;fjhs'
uqo,a m%;sm;a;s i|yd úi,a o;a;j, tla Ndú;hla f,i
NdKav mei ksrka;rfhka fjkia lrñka ffoksl
WoaOuk or®Ylh .Kkh ls¯u i`oyka l< yel' ;jo"
fcdaka fïkdâ flakaia f.kyer ±lajQ m˙† wdr®:ßl
iólrK iy wdlD;Skaf.ka ksYaph lr .; fkdyels
udkj iajNdjh (Animal Spirit), tkï udkjhdf.a
iyc iy Ndjd;aul iajNdjhka wOHhkh ls¯u i|yd
,sÅ; lreKq Wlyd .ekSfï (Text mining) l%ufõohla
iïmdokh ls¯ug o úi,a o;a; fhdod.; yel' fuu
úi,a o;a;hkays úYd, m%.;shla olakg ,enqK o
uy nexl=j, m%;sm;a;s ieliSu i|yd jvd;a iq≥iq
wdldrhg fuu úêl%u ls%hdld¯j Ndú;d ls¯u ;ju;a
jeä†hqKq fjñka mj;sk w;r th wNsfhda.d;aul o
fjhs' tA wkqj" úi,a o;a; Ndú;fha ° o;a; myiqfjka
,nd.ekSug wmyiq ùu" fm!oa.,sl;ajh ms<sn|
ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= ùu iy o;a; úYaf,aIKfha °
l%fudamdhd;aul .egÆ meje;Su jeks wNsfhda. mj;S'
cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu
uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;djh i|yd úi,a o;a;
uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;djh i|yd uQ,H wxYfha ld,Sk
f;dr;=re b;d jeo.;a jk w;r úfYaIfhkau f,dal
uQ,H wr®nqofhka miq fuu f;dr;=rej, jeo.;a Ndjh
;j;a jeä fjñka mj;S' ;jo" fndfyda wdr®:ßlhkaf.a
wdr®:ßl yd ñ, ia:dhS;djh i|yd uQ,H moaO;sfha
ia:djr Ndjh w;HjYH lreKla f,i ie,fla'
2
uQ,H fj<|fmd< f;dr;=re tla/ialr .ekSu i|yd uy
nexl=j,g ukd yelshdjla mj;S' ke.S tk fj<|fmd<
Wmk;Ska iy kjHlrKhka ms<sn| tjeks f;dr;=re
b†˙fha ° u;=úh yels wj∞kï ms<sn|j mQr®j ±kqï°fï
ix« f,i ie,lsh yel' fï wdldrfha f;dr;=re
uQ,H fj<|fmd< ms<sn|j ;j;a wdldrhl jHdmdr
nqoaê f;dr;=re /ials¯ula fjhs' ;jo" uQ,H ;dlaI◊l
ksmehqï (Fin-Tech) wdY%s;j y∫kajdfokq ,nk kj
ksmehqï wdr®:ßlfha f.ùï yd mshùï moaO;Skag
n,mdkq ,efí' fuu wdldrhg mqΩ,a mrdihla
wdjrKh jk m˙† uQ,H wxYh ms<sn|j by<
ixLHd;hlska hq;= f;dr;=re tla/ia lr .ekSu" uQ,H
wxYfha jr®Okh jk wj∞kï l,ska y∫kd.ekSug
iy foaYSh fukau úfoaYSh uQ,H wdh;k w;r mj;sk
wka;r® in|;d y∫kd.ekSu i|yd o uy nexl=j,g
b;d jeo.;a fõ'
wka;r®cd;sl mshùï nexl=j (Bank of International
Settlements) úiska 2015 jifr® ° is≥ lrk ,o
iólaIKhla3 ;=<ska úi,a o;a; hkq idr®j wdr®:ßl iy
uQ,H ia:dhS;djh ms<sn|j úYaf,aIKh ls¯u i|yd
Ndú;d l< yels M,∞hS fuj,ula f,i y∫kdf.k
we;' iólaIKhg iyNd.s jQ fndfyda uy nexl= úiska
úfYaIfhkau wdr®:ßl mqfrdal:kh" jHdmdr pl%h
ms<sn|j úYaf,aIKh ls¯u iy uQ,H ia:dhS;djh
ms<sn|j úYaf,aIKh ls¯u jeks idr®j wdr®:ßl iy
uQ,H moaO;s ia:djr Ndjh iïnkaO lghq;=j, ° úi,a
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ukao.dó ùu flfrys fya;= úh' fï w;r" rdcH
m˙fNdack úhou" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg
13'4 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg
3'1 lska jr®Okh úh' ta wkqj" wOHdmkh yd
fi!LH fiajd i|yd jk rdcH úhoï we;=<;a jk
rcfha mqoa., m˙fNdack úhou iy rcfha iuQy
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jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° mss<sfj<ska
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jk rcfha mqkrdjr®;k úhoï 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d
l< ishhg 27'4 l jr®Okh 2016 jifr® ° ishhg
2'6 la olajd ukao.dó jQ w;r wfkl=;a NdKav iy
fiajd ñ,g .ekSï i|yd jk úhou 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d l< ishhg 64'9 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj
2016 jifr® ° ishhg 19'5 lska my; jegq◊'
fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdack úhou i|yd by<u
∞hl;ajh olajk wdydrmdk iy uoHidr fkdjk
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IFC Report, Central banks’ use of and interest in “big data”, Irving Fisher
Committee on Central Bank Statistics (IFC), October 2015.
Markets Committee, “Market intelligence gathering at Central Banks”, Bank
of International Settlements, December 2016.
Nii Ayi Armah, 2013. "Big Data Analysis: The Next Frontier," Bank of
Canada Review, Bank of Canada, vol. 2013(Summer), pages 32-39.
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). 2015.
OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2015. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Per Nymand-Andersen 2016. “Big data: the hunt for timely insights and
decision certainty”, Irving Fisher Committee on Central Bank Statistics, IFC
Working Papers No 14
olakg ,enqKq kdñl jr®Okh flfrys by< ñ,
uÜgï fya;= jQ nj ms<sìUq úh' fï w;r" cd;sl
md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylfhys ^2013 } 100& wdydr
i|yd jQ WoaOukh 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg
5'2 l w.hg idfmalaIj fuu jifr® ° ishhg 3'1 l
idfmalaIj wvq fõ.hlska by< .sfhah' fm!oa.,sl
m˙fNdack úhou i|yd fuu ldKavfha ∞hl;ajh
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 27'7 l w.hg
idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 27'9 la úh'
2016 jifr® ° uoHidr" ≥ïfld< ksIamdok
yd fjk;a u;aøjH i|yd jQ fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdack
úhou" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 10'3 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg 16'7 lska jr®Okh úh'
jir ;=< ° uoHidr" ≥ïfld< ksIamdok yd fjk;a
u;aøjH i|yd rch úiska wh lrkq ,nk n≥ by<
kexùu fuu ldKavfha m˙fNdack úhofuys kdñl
jákdlu by< hdug hï ∞hl;ajhla ±laùh'
2016 jifr® ° cd;sl md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylfhys
^2013}100& uoHidr yd ≥ïfld< i|yd jQ WoaOukh"
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 17'5 l w.hg
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fuu ksIamdokj, ñ, uÜgïj, by< hEu ms<sìUq
úh' ta wkqj" 2016 jifr® ° fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdack
úhou i|yd fuu ldKavfhys ∞hl;ajh" 2015
jifr® ° meje;s ishhg 1'9 l w.hg idfmalaIj
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2016 jifr® ° we∫ï me<∫ï iy mdjyka i|yd jQ
fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdack úhou" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l<
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my; jegq◊' remsh,a jákdlu wkqj 2016 jifr® °
87
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fr†ms<s iy Wmdx. wdkhk or®Ylh" 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d l< ishhg 43'7 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj
ishhg 0'4 l idfmalaI wvq jr®Okhla fmkaùu
;=<ska o fuu my< hEu ms<sìUq úh' ;jo" 2015
jifr® ° ishhg 26'3 l jr®Okhla jdr®;d l< fr†ms<s
iy Wmdx. wdkhk m˙ud or®Ylh 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 13'7 lska my; jegq◊' ta wkqj" fm!oa.,sl
m˙fNdack úhou i|yd fuu ldKavfhys ∞hl;ajh
2015 jifr® ° meje;s ishhg 3'9 ys isg 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 3'0 la olajd my< .sfhah'
2016 jifr® ° ksjdi l=,S" c,h" ú≥,sh" .Eia iy
wfkl=;a n,Yla;s Ndú;hka i|yd jQ fm!oa.,sl
m˙fNdack úhou" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg
11'5 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg 9'5 lska jr®Okh
úh' .Dyia: wxYfha iuia; ú≥,s m˙fNdackfhys
wLKav by< hEula fmkakqï lrñka .Dyia: wxYh
i|yd jQ ú≥,s n, wf,úh 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l<
ishhg 10'1 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 8'3 lska jr®Okh úh' ;jo" .Dyia: wxYh
i|yd fn∞y˙k ,o c, tall m%udKh 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d l< ishhg 7'1 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj fuu
jir ;=< ° ishhg 12'9 lska jr®Okh úh' fï w;r"
ú≥,sh iy c, .dia;= fukau ãi,a iy fmg%,a ñ,
.Kka o jir ;=< ° ia:djr uÜgul meje;s w;r
øj fmfg%da,shï .Eia ñ, 2016 fkdjeïnr® udifha °
my; ouk ,°' 2016 jifr® ° cd;sl md˙fNda.sl
ñ, or®Ylfhys ^2013}100& ksjdi l=,S" c,h" ú≥,sh"
.Eia iy wfkl=;a n,Yla;s i|yd jQ WoaOukh"
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 4'2 g idfmalaIj
ishhg 0'1 l iqΩ jr®Okhla fmkaùu ;=<ska o fuu
ldKavh i|yd ñ, by< hEu u.ska we;s jQ n,mEu
wvq nj ms<sìUq úh'
2016 jir ;=< ° m%jdyk lghq;= i|yd jQ
fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdack úhou" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d
l< ishhg 7'6 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg 3'2 l
jr®Okhla jdr®;d lrk ,°' fuys ° m%jdykh wdY%s;
NdKav i|yd jk fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdack úhou
ms<sìUq lrkq ,nk fudagr® r: iy fudagr® ihsl,a
,shdm†xÑ ls¯ï ixLHdfjys jir ;=< ° ie,lsh hq;=
my; jeàula olakg ,enq◊' tfia jqjo" 2016 jifr®
wf.daia;= udifha ° u.S m%jdyk .dia;=j, jeäùu
m%jdykh i|yd jQ fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdack úhou
hï;dla ≥rg by< hEug fya;= úh'
2015 jifr® ° ishhg 22'1 lska jr®Okh jQ
fi!LH lghq;= i|yd jk fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdack
úhou 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 10'4 l idfmalaI
wvq fõ.hlska jr®Okh jQ w;r" 2015 jifr® °

88
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ishhg 1'8 lska my; jegq◊' b,aÆu flfrys
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n≥" fi!LHh iy wOHdmkh i|yd jQ fm!oa.,sl
m˙fNdack úhofuys olakg ,enqKq miqnEu flfrys
hï ;rulg ∞hl úh' fï w;r" f;dard.;a T!IO
b,aÆu flfrys wys;lr f,i n,md we;' ;jo"
ikaksfõok fiajdj, meje;s wju ñ, uÜgu o
jir ;=< ° by< kxjk ,°' 2016 jifr® ° cd;sl
md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylfhys ^2013}100& ikaksfõok
fiajd ldKavh i|yd jk WoaOukh" 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d l< ishhg 0'1 g idfmalaIj ishhg 6'8 lska
by< hEu ;=<ska o fuh ms<sìUq úh' tfukau"

jr®.j, ñ, .Kka my; ±óu o fi!LH fiajd
i|yd hk úhou my< hEu flfrys fya;=jkakg
we;' fuys °" fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdack úhou i|yd
fuu ldKavj, ∞hl;ajh ms<sfj<ska ishhg 3'1 la
iy ishhg 1'5 la jYfhka wvq uÜgul mj;sk w;r
rch úYd, jYfhka uQ,sl wOHdmksl iy fi!LHh
fiajdjka fkdñ,fha iemhSu fuu ldKavh i|yd
jk fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdack úhou wvq ùu flfrys
fya;= úh' fuu m%jK;djh ksIamdok m%fõY
weia;fïka;=j, fi!LH yd wOHdmk ls%hdldrlï
i|yd rdcH wxYh jeäu ∞hl;ajh ±laùu ;=<ska o
ms<sìUq úh'
2016 jifr® ° ikaksfõok lghq;= i|yd jQ
fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdack úhou" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d
l< ishhg 17'9 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg
8'5 lska jr®Okh úh' ikaksfõok fiajd i|yd
tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ mekùu fya;=fjka w∞<
tall ms˙jeh by< hEu fuu fiajd i|yd mj;sk
2
2015 jifr® ° ms<sfj<ska ishhg 8'8 lska yd ishhg
20'9 lska jr®Okh jQ ≥rl:k iy iuia; wka;r®cd,
fiajd in|;d 2016 jifr® ° ms<sfj<ska ishhg 6'6 la
iy ishhg 20'3 la f,i idfmalaIj wvq
fõ.hlska jr®Okh úh' ;jo" remsh,a jákdlu
wkqj ikaksfõok Wmdx. wdkhk or®Ylh o 2016
jir ;=< ° wvq fõ.hlska jr®Okh úh'
2016 jir ;=< ° fydag,a iy wdmkYd,d
myiqlï i|yd jQ fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdack úhou"
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 1'7 l jr®Okhg
idfmalaIj ishhg 8'0 lska wLKavj jr®Okh úh'
rg ;=< mj;sk ys;lr jd;djrKh;a iu.u
ck;djf.a „jk rgdfjys olakg ,efnk fjkiaùï
fukau fydag,a iy wdmkYd,dj, YS>% jr®Okh"
cd;Hka;r wdmkYd,d cd,j, jHdma;sh fukau
ixpdrl ls%hdldrlï by< hEu o fuu wxYh i|yd
we;s b,aÆu wLKavj meje;Su i|yd ∞hl ù we;'

2'11 ixLHd igyk

mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj fm!oa.,sl mßfNdack úhofï ixhq;sh ^w&

uqΩ fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdack úhoug

ldKavh ∞hl;ajh ^]&
fjkiaùfï wkqmd;h ^]&

2014^wd& 2015 ^wd&^we& 2016 ^we& 2015 ^wd&^we& 2016 ^we&

1' wdydrmdk iy uoHidr fkdjk mdkSh øjH 25.7 27.7 27.9 18.4 5.1
2' uoHidr" ≥ïfld< ksIamdok iy fjk;a u;aøjH 1.9 1.9 2.1 10.3 16.7
3' we∫ï-me<∫ï iy mdjyka 3.9 3.9 3.0 7.7 -17.7
4' ksjdi l=,S" c,h" ú≥,sh" .Eia iy wfkl=;a n,Yla;s Ndú;hka 10.7 10.9 11.4 11.5 9.5
5' .DyNdKav" .Dy WmlrK iy ffoksl ksjdi wÆ;ajeähdjka 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 18.1
6' fi!LHh 2.6 2.9 3.1 22.1 10.4
7' m%jdykh 22.2 21.7 21.5 7.6 3.2
8' ikaksfõokh 0.9 1.0 1.0 17.9 8.5
9' l%Svd" úfkda∞xY iy ixialD;sl lghq;= 1.3 1.7 1.5 44.5 -9.8
10' wOHdmkh 1.8 1.6 1.5 -0.3 -1.8
11' fydag,a iy wdmkYd,d myiqlï 4.4 4.1 4.2 1.7 8.0
12' fjk;a ;ekl i|yka fkdjk úúO NdKav yd fiajd ,nd.ekSu 25.3 24.2 24.9 5.0 7.2
13' Y%S ,dxlslhska tf;r° lrk úhoï 2.5 2.7 2.9 16.5 15.0
14' wvq l<d( úfoaYslhska fuf;r° lrk úhoï 4.6 5.3 6.5 27.4 26.3
uqΩ fm!oa.,sl m˙fNdack úhou 100.0 100.0 100.0 10.0 4.3
^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih hgf;a uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
ksl=;a lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl

89
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
rcfha iuQy m˙fNdack úhou iy mqoa.,
m˙fNdack úhofuka iukaú; jk rcfha
iuia; m˙fNdack úhou" jir ;=< ° rch
úiska ls%hd;aul lrkakg fh≥Kq rdcH uQ,H
tald.%;djg w∞< ls%hdudr®. iu. ukao.dó úh'
rcfha m˙fNdack úhofuys m%Odk;u ldKavh
jk rcfha iuQy m˙fNdack úhou 2016 jifr® °
2
iuia; rdcH m˙fNdack úhofuka ishhg 67'7 lg
∞hl úh' fuys rch úiska uyck;djf.a
iqNisoaêh Wfoid iuia;hla f,i orkq ,nk
idudkH rcfha fiajdjka" wdrlaIdj" kS;sh yd
iduh" wdr®:ßl lghq;=" m˙ir wdrlaIdj" ksjdi
iy fmd≥ myiqlï" l%Svd yd úfkda∞xY" wd.ñl yd
ixialD;sl lghq;= iy iudc wdrlaIdj i|yd jk
úhoï wka;r®.; fõ' ta wkqj" 2016 jir ;=< °
rcfha iuQy m˙fNdack úhofuys kdñl
jákdlu" 2015 jir ;=< ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 9'5 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg 3'3 lska jr®Okh úh'
fuu idfmalaI wvq jr®Okh i|yd 2015 jifr® °
ishhg 4'2 l by< hEula jdr®;d l< wdrlaIdj
i|yd jk rcfha iuQy m˙fNdack úhou fuu
jifr® ° ishhg 9'0 lska my; jeàu uQ,sl jYfhka
fya;= úh' fï w;r" tla tla mqoa.,hskaf.a wOHdmk
iy fi!LH lghq;= i|yd m%;s,dN jYfhka
rch úiska orkq ,nk rcfha mqoa., m˙fNdack
úhou" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 22'6 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 2'7 la olajd
ukao.dó úh' ta wkqj" 2015 jifr® ° ms<sfj<ska
ishhg 28'4 l yd ishhg 16'1 l jr®Okhla jdr®;d
l< wOHdmkh iy fi!LHh i|yd jk rcfha
m˙fNdack úhoï 2016 jifr® ° ms<sfj<ska ishhg
1'2 lska yd ishhg 4'5 lska jr®Okh úh'
wdfhdack
2016 jifr® ° wdfhdack úhofuys kdñl
jákdlu" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 7'0 l
my< hEug idfmalaIj hym;a m%jK;djhla
fmkakqï lrñka ishhg 19'6 l by< jr®Okhla
jdr®;d lrk ,°' 2015 jifr® ° ishhg 0'2 l iqΩ
my; jeàula jdr®;d l< b†ls¯ï lghq;= i|yd jk
wdfhdack úhou 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 18'0 l by<
jr®Okhla jdr®;d lrñka iuia; wdfhdackj,
jr®Okh i|yd fnfyúka ∞hl úh' jd◊c nexl=
u.ska fm!oa.,sl wxYfha b†ls¯ï lghq;= i|yd
,ndfok Kh m%udKfhys by< jr®Okh ;=<ska o
ms<sìUq jQ m˙† wdfhdack i|yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha
by< ∞hl;ajh fukau rcfha uyd m˙udK
wdfhdack jHdmD;s o iuia; wdfhdack by<
hEu i|yd fya;= úh' ;jo" b†ls¯ï lghq;= i|yd
90
2'8 rEm igyk
wdfhdack uKav,fha ,shdmÈxÑ jHjidhj,
úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack ^w&
^t'c'fvd,¾ ñ,shk&
lDIsldr®ñl 3.9
1.9
ksIamdok 257.0
lr®udka;
247.7
fiajd
255.4
211.9
há;,
myiqlï 453.4
339.5
2015 2016
^w& Kh o we;=<;aj uQ,h( YS% ,xld wdfhdack uKav,h
fhd∞.kq ,nk f.dvke.s,s øjH wdkhkfha ie,lsh
hq;= by< hEu u.ska o" fuu jr®Okh ms<sìUq úh'
fï w;r" hka;%iQ;% iy hqOuh wdïmkak i|yd jQ
úhou 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 2'0 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 7'3 lska
jr®Okh úh' jir ;=< ° hka;%iQ;% iy WmlrK
wdkhk or®Ylh jákdlu wkqj fukau m˙udj
wkqj o by< jr®Okhla w;alr .ekSu u.ska o
fuu jr®Okh ms<sìUq úh' ;jo" m%jdyk WmlrK"
f;dr;=re ;dlaIK WmlrK iy nqoaêuh foam<
i|yd jk wdfhdack 2016 jifr® iuia; wdfhdack
ls%hdldrlïj, jr®Okh i|yd ∞hl jQ w;r j.d
l< ffcj úoHd;aul iïm;a i|yd jk wdfhdack
jir ;=< ° my; jegq◊' ;jo" f;d. m˙f,aLk
fjkiaùï iy jákd foa w;am;a lr .ekSï iy
w;ye¯ï 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 56'1 l
my; jeàug idfmalaIj 2016 jir ;=< ° ishhg
121'8 lska by< hñka wdfhdackj, jr®Okh i|yd
∞hl úh'
Y%S ,xld wdfhdack uKav,fhys ,shdm†xÑ
iud.ï fj; 2016 jifr® ° ,enqKq iuia; úfoaYSh
iDcq wdfhdack m%udKh t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 801 la jQ
w;r" th 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ t'c'fvd,r®
ñ,shk 969'7 yd idfmalaIj ishhg 17'4 l
muK miqnEula fmkakqï lrhs' wdfhdack ,eîï
há;, myiqlï jHdmD;s" fiajd wxYfha lghq;="
ksIamdok wxYfha lghq;= i|yd" ms<sfj<ska" ishhg
25'1 lska" ishhg 17'0 lska yd ishhg 3'6 lska wvq ùu
fuu ld,h ;=< ° wdfhdack ,eîï my; jeàug
m%Odk fya;=j úh' fuu ld,h ;=< ,o úfoaYSh
 cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu

2'12 ixLHd igyk

Y%S ,xld wdfhdack uKav,h iy l¾udka; yd jdKsc lghq;= wud;HdxYh hgf;a
,shdmÈxÑ jQ jHjidhj, wdfhdack iy fiajd kshqla;sh

jHdmD;s
weia;fïka;=.; wdfhdack ^re' ñ,shk& fiajd kshqla;sh
ixLHdj

2015 2016 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd& 2015 2016

^w& ^wd& úfoaYSh foaYSh tl;=j úfoaYSh foaYSh tl;=j ^w& ^wd&

2
wdfhdack uKav,h ^1978 wxl 4 ork
mk; hgf;a&
wkqu; l< jHdmD;s 241 205 337,716 257,907 595,623 1,009,516 347,838 1,357,354 38,408 27,153
17 jk j.ka;h
s hgf;a ^we& 224 191 335,840 256,535 592,375 1,008,467 347,766 1,356,233 37,616 26,850
16 jk j.ka;hs hgf;a 17 14 1,876 1,373 3,248 1,049 72 1,121 792 303
17 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a .súi.;a
jHdmD;s ^we& 155 180 147,631 141,675 289,307 528,215 226,566 754,781 23,426 27,300
17 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a ±kg lr we;s
wdfhdack ^wE& ^b& 1,989 1,929 1,236,251 755,557 1,991,808 1,345,715 834,098 2,179,813 ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd'

jdKsc lghq;j
= , ksr;jQ jHdmD;s ^wE& 2,758 2,831 446,553 4,166,703 4,613,256 477,167 4,210,416 4,687,583 414,744 424,320
17 jk j.ka;h
s hgf;a ^we& 2,032 2,097 411,962 4,155,929 4,567,892 441,744 4,199,306 4,641,050 377,586 387,112
16 jk j.ka;h
s hgf;a 726 734 34,591 10,774 45,365 35,423 11,110 46,534 37,158 37,208

lr®udka; yd jd◊c lghq;= wud;HdxYh

,shdmosxÑ jQ iud.ï ^wE& 2,276 2,436 - - 204,522 - - 204,975 311,698 315,681
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( YS% ,xld wdfhdack uKav,h
^wd& ;djld,sl lr®udka; yd jd◊c lghq;= wud;HdxYh
^we& mqΩ,a l< jHdmD;s o we;=<;aj
^wE& jr®Ih wjidkfha iuqÉÑ; w.h
^b& iuqÉÑ; ienE wdfhdack w.hka olajd we;'
igyk( wdfhdack uKav, mkf;a 17 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a wkqu; l< yd .súi.;a jHdmD;s" wdfhdack Wm˙uhka
fyda fjk;a kï lrk ,o úfYaIs; wjYH;djkag hg;aj ;Sren≥ iy úksuh md,k úêúOdkj,ska
ksoyia fõ'

iDcq wdfhdackj,ska nyq;rh há;, myiqlï
wxYh i|yd jk w;r" th iuia; úfoaYSh iDcq
wdfhdackj,ska ishhg 42'4 la muK ^t'c'fvd,r®
ñ,shk 339'5 la& fõ' 2016 jifr® ° ,enqKq iuia;
úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdackj,ska ishhg 30'9 la muK
ksfhdackh lrñka ksIamdok wxYfha úfoaYSh iDcq
wdfhdack m%udKh t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 247'7 la jQ
w;r" fiajd wxYfha úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack m%udKh
iuia; úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdackj,ska ishhg 26'5 la
^t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 211'9 la& úh'
wdfhdack uKav, mkf;a 16 iy 17 jk j.ka;s
hgf;a 2016 jifr® ° wkqu; l< jHdmD;s fj;
,enqKq iuia; wdfhdack m%udKh remsh,a ì,shk
1"357'4 la f,i weia;fïka;= lr we;' fiajd wxYh"
ridhksl øjH" Lkscf;,a" .,aw.=re" rnr® iy
ma,diaála ksIamdok fukau f,day fkdjk Lksc
ksIamd†; wxYh i|yd wkqu; lrk ,o wdfhdack
jákdlu 2015 jirg idfmalaIj by< w.hla jdr®;d
lf<ah' flfia jqjo" wdydr" mdk jr®. yd ≥ïfld<
ksIamd†;" fr†ms<s" we`.Æï yd iï ksIamd†;" ilia
l< f,day ksIamd†;hka" hka;% yd m%jdyk WmlrK
wxYj, jHdmD;s i|yd ,enqKq weia;fïka;=.;
wdfhdack wvq w.hla jdr®;d lf<ah' wdfhdack
uKav, mkf;a 17 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a .súi.;a
wdfhdackj, jákdlu remsh,a ì,shk 754'8 la
f,i weia;fïka;= lr we;s w;r" th 2015 jirg
idfmalaIj ishhg 160'9 l jr®Okhls' 2016 jir
wjidkh jk úg wdfhdack uKav, mkf;a 16 iy
17 jk j.ka;s hgf;a jd◊c lghq;=j, ksr; jQ
jHdmD;sj, weia;fïka;=.; wdfhdack m%udKh
remsh,a ì,shk 4"687'6 la úh' wdfhdack uKav,h
hgf;a ±kg is≥ lr we;s wdfhdackj, iuqÉÑ;
w.h 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg remsh,a ì,shk
2"179'8 la úh'
mj;akd iïm;a iy Wmfhdackh
2016 jifr® ° wdr®:ßlfha mj;akd iïm;a m%udKh"
2015 jifr® ° kdñl jYfhka jdr®;d l< ishhg 5'2 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg 8'6 lska jr®Okh
fjñka remsh,a ì,shk 15"281'5 l w.hla jdr®;d
lrk ,°' fuys°" 2015 jirg idfmalaIj o'foa'ks'
fukau úfoaY iïm;aj, kdñl jákdlfuys by<
hEula olakg ,enq◊' o'foa'ks' .uH wjOuklfhys
by< hEu ;=<ska o ms<sìUq jQ ñ, uÜgïj, by< hEu

91
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

foaYSh iïm;aj, kdñl jr®Okh flfrys 2'13 ixLHd igyk

fnfyúka ∞hl úh' ;jo" foaYSh iïm;a by< hEu iïm;a ixhq;sh iy Wmfhdackh
^mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj& ^w&^we&
flfrys lr®udka; iy fiajd lghq;=j, jr®Okh
∞hl jQ w;r lDIsldr®ñl lghq;=j, my; jeàu m%;sY;d;aul m%;sY;d;aul
whym;a f,i n,mdk ,°' úfoaYSh iïm;a ie,l+
whs;uh odhl;ajh jr®Okh

úg foaYSh uqo,a tallfhys w.h ms˙ySu fya;=fjka 2015^wd& 2016 2015^wd& 2016

wdkhk NdKavj, ñ, by< hEu kdñl jákdlu 1' iïm;a

2
wkqj wdkhk jr®Okh ùu flfrys ∞hl úh' o< foaYh
S ksIm
a d†;h 77.8 77.5 5.7 8.1

flfia jqjo" uQr®; jYfhka o'foa'ks' fukau úfoaY NdKav iy fiajd wdkhk 22.2 22.5 3.5 10.1
tl;=j 100.0 100.0 5.2 8.6
iïm;aj, o olakg ,enqKq idfmalaI wvq jr®Okh
2' Wmfhdackh
fya;=fjka mj;akd iuia; iïm;a m%udKh uQr®;
m˙fNdackh 61.5 59.0 10.3 4.1
jYfhka" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 6'1 l o< foaYh
S ia:djr m%d.aOk
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 5'2 la iïmdokh 20.6 21.4 1.1 12.3
f;d.$m˙f,aLk fjkiaùï
olajd ukao.dó úh' iy jákdfoa w;am;a lr
.ekSï iy w;ye¯u 1.5 3.0 -56.1 121.8
NdKav iy fiajd wmkhk 16.3 16.6 5.3 10.3
2'9 rEm igyk
tl;=j 100.0 100.0 5.2 8.6
2016 jif¾ wd¾Ólh
^mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj& ^w& ^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 fomdr®;fïka;=j
NdKav yd fiajd iemhqu mokï jr®Ih hgf;a ksl=;a YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^remsh,a ì,shk 15"281& lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;=

ú≥,sh" bosls¯ï
u; mokï fõ'
f;d. iy is,a,r fj<πu ^wd& ixfYdaê;
c,h iy li, 6'1] 8'3] ^we& ;djld,sl
l<uKdlrKh NdKav yd m%jdyk fiajdjka iy
0'8] fiajd u; .nvd myiqlï iemhSu
whflfrk 9'4]
ksIamdok n≥ - iykdOdr
lr®udka; 6'5] kjd;eka iemhSu 2016 jifr® ° o wdr®:ßlfha mj;akd iïm;a
12'0] iy wdydrmdk
iemhSfï fiajdjka m%udKfhka jeä m%;sY;hla m˙fNdack lghq;=
m;,a yd leӕ 1'2]
2'1] i|yd Wmfhdackh lrk ,°' fuys ° iuia; iïm;a
f;dr;=re iy
ëjr lr®udka;h ikaksfõok Wmfhdackfhys m%;sY;hla f,i m˙fNdack lghq;=
lghq;= ms<sn|
1'1]
fiajdjka 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;dl< ishhg 61'5 l w.h yd
lDIs lr®udka;h
iy jk j.dj
0'6] iei£fï ° m˙fNdack úhoïj, my< hEu
uQ,H" rlaIKh
4'7] fya;=fjka fuu jir ;=< ishhg 59'0 la olajd my;
iy foam< fj<|du
NdKav yd fiajd 7'9]
wdkhk
jegq◊' fï w;r" wdfhdack lghq;= i|yd jQ iïm;a
rdcH m˙md,kh" jD;a;shuh fiajdjka
22'5]
cd;sl wdrlaIdj" iy fjk;a fm!oa.,sl
Wmfhdackh" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 22'1 g
wOHdmkh" fi!LH fiajdjka idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 24'4 la olajd
iy iudc wdrlaIK 8'9]
fiajdjka jr®Okh úh' 2015 jifr® ° ishhg 1'1 lska jr®Okh jQ
7'9]
o< foaYSh ia:djr m%d.aOk iïmdokh 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 12'3 lska jr®Okh fjñka iuia; iïm;a
NdKav yd fiajd b,aÆu
^remsh,a ì,shk 15"281&
m%udKh i|yd ishhg 21'4 l ∞hl;ajhla ±laùu
rdcH
fï i|yd m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' fï w;r" 2016
mrsfNdckh jifr® ° iuia; iïm;a Wmfhdackfhys m%;sY;hla
6'6] wdfhdack
24'4]
f,i wmkhk" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg
16'3 l w.hg idfmalaIj ishhg 16'6 la olajd iqΩ
fm!oa.,sl NdKav yd fiajd
mrsfNdackh wmkhk
jYfhka by< .sfhah' jir ;=< ° wmkhk ñ,
52'4] 16'6 uÜgï idfmalaI jYfhka by< uÜgul meje;s
^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih hgf;a ksl=;a fyhska wmkhk kdñl jYfhka jr®Okh ùu
lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
fï i|yd fya;= úh' uQr®; jákdlu ie,lSfï °"
uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk
fomdr®;fïka;=j m˙fNdack úhoï my< hEu fukau wmkhk my;
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
jeàu fya;=fjka iïm;a Wmfhdackh my< hk ,°'

92
 cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu

2'14 ixLHd igyk

mßfNdackh" wdfhdack iy b;sßlsÍï ^mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj& ^w&^we&

o'foa'ks' ys
remsh,a ñ,shk m%;sY;l fjki
ldKavh m%;sY;hla f,i
2015^wd& 2016 2015^wd& 2016 2015^wd& 2016
1' fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj o'foa'ks' 10,951,695 11,838,975 5.7 8.1 100.0 100.0
2' m˙fNdack úhou 8,661,886 9,018,895 10.3 4.1 79.1 76.2

2
fm!oa.,sl 7,677,131 8,003,789 10.0 4.3 70.1 67.6
rch 984,755 1,015,107 13.4 3.1 9.0 8.6

3' wdfhdack 3,114,674 3,723,875 -7.0 19.6 28.4 31.5

4' foaYh
S b;=reï 2,289,809 2,820,080 -8.8 23.2 20.9 23.8
fm!oa.,sl 2,536,588 2,891,799 -3.9 14.0 23.2 24.4
rch -246,779 -71,719 -93.3 70.9 -2.3 -0.6
5' foaYhS b;=reï-wdfhdack mr;rh -824,865 -903,795 1.4 -9.6 -7.5 -7.6
6' úfoaYh S Y=oO
a m%d:ñl wd∞hu ^wE& -281,337 -332,758 -19.2 -18.3 -2.6 -2.8
7' úfoaYh
S Y=oO
a cx.u ixl%du 842,082 939,782 3.6 11.6 7.7 7.9
8' cd;sl b;=reï 2,850,554 3,427,104 -7.7 20.2 26.0 28.9
^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ' YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl
^wE& fuu w.h f.jqï fYaIfhys weia;fïka;=.; w.hkaj,ska fjkia jkqfha .Kkh ls˙fï°
we;sjk ld, mudj fya;=fjks'

b;=reï o'foa'ks'ys m%;sY;hla f,i" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d

2015 jifr® ° ishhg 8'8 l my; jeàula
jdr®;d l< foaYSh b;=reï 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a
ì,shk 2"820'1 la olajd ishhg 23'2 lska ie,lsh
hq;= f,i jr®Okh úh' foaYSh b;=reïj, olakg
,enqKq fuu jr®Okh" 2015 jirg idfmalaIj
rdcH uQ,H tald.%;dj i|yd .kakd ,o ls%hdudr®.
fya;=fjka rcfha wd∞hï by< hEu fukau rcfha
mqkrdjr®;k úhoï ukao.dó ùfuys o m%;sM,hla
f,i rcfha ksr®-b;=reï ie,lsh hq;= f,i my;
jeàu iy fm!oa.,sl b;=reïj, olakg ,enqKq
idOkSh jr®Okfhys o iuia; m%;sM,hls' ta wkqj"
o'foa'ks'ys m%;sY;hla f,i 2015 jifr® ° ishhg
20'9 la jQ foaYSh b;=reï 2016 jifr® ° ishhg
23'8 la olajd jr®Okh úh'
2015 jifr® ° ishhg 7'7 lska my; jegqKq
cd;sl b;=reï 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk
3"427'1 la olajd ishhg 20'2 lska jr®Okh úh'
foaYSh b;=reïj, olakg ,enqKq by< jr®Okh
fï i|yd m%Odk jYfhka ∞hl úh' ;jo" úfoaYSh
Y=oaO cx.u ixl%du 2016 jir ;=< ° ishhg 11'6 l
jr®Okhla jdr®;d lrñka cd;sl b;=reïj,
jr®Okh i|yd ys;lr f,i ∞hl úh' fï
w;r" úfoaYSh Y=oaO m%d:ñl wd∞hu fmr jirg
idfmalaIj wvq fõ.hlska 2016 jir ;=< ° my;
jegq◊' fï wkqj" 2016 jifr® ° cd;sl b;=reï
l< ishhg 26'0 l wkqmd;hg idfmalaIj ishhg
28'9 la olajd jr®Okh úh' flfia jqjo" wdfhdackj,
by< jr®Okh fya;=fjka b;=reï-wdfhdack mr;rh
o'foa'ks'ys m%;sY;hla f,i 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l<
ishhg 2'4 l wkqmd;hg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 2'5 la olajd iqΩ jYfhka jr®Okh úh'
2'6 wdodhu
cd;sl .sKqïlrKfha wd∞hï m%fõYh u.ska
jir ;=< ° rfgys wdr®:ßlh ;=< wd∞hï ckkh lrk
,o ixrpl ksrEmKh flfrhs' wdr®:ßlfha m%Odk;u
wd∞hï ixrplh jk o< fufyhqï w;s˙la;h 2016
jifr® ° iuia; tl;= l< w.fhka ishhg 69'0 la
i|yd ∞hl;ajh ±lajQ w;r" fiajl wd∞hï
iy ksIamdok ls%hdj,sh u; jk fjk;a n≥j,
^iykdOdr wvq l< miq& tl;= l< w.h ms<sfj<ska
ishhg 30'6 la iy ishhg 0'4 la úh' o< fufyhqï
w;s˙la;h kdñl jYfhka 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l<
ishhg 2'8 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj fuu jifr® °
ishhg 6'5 lska jr®Okh úh' fuu jr®Okh i|yd
o< fufyhqï w;s˙la;fhys m%Odk;u wd∞hï
ixrplh jk Y=oaO fufyhqï w;s˙la;h 2015
jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 2'0 l jr®Okhg
idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 7'3 lska ie,lsh
hq;= f,i jr®Okh ùu fya;= úh' ;jo" o< fufyhqï
w;s˙la;fhys wfkl=;a ixrpl jk ia:djr

93
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

2'15 ixLHd igyk

mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, hgf;a wdh;ksl wxY wkqj wdodhï ixrpl ^w&^we&

m%;sY;l ∞hl;ajh ^]&

2015 ^wd& 2016
whs;uh .Dy tall .Dy tall
uQ,H uQ,H
uQ,H rdcH yd ,d' f;d' iuia; uQ,H rdcH yd ,d' f;d' iuia;
fkdjk fkdjk
wxYh wxYh .D' fia' wd'* wdr®:ßlh wxYh wxYh .D' fia' wd'* wdr®:ßlh
wxYh wxYh
wxYh wxYh

2
fiajl wd∞hï 31.3 5.2 28.9 34.6 100.0 30.9 5.3 28.9 34.9 100.0
o< fufyhqï w;s˙la;h 34.8 3.9 2.8 58.5 100.0 35.7 4.4 1.8 58.1 100.0
Y=oaO fufyhqï w;s˙la;h 38.2 4.6 1.8 55.4 100.0 39.3 5.3 0.9 54.5 100.0
ñY% wd∞hu - - - 100.0 100.0 - - - 100.0 100.0
ia:djr m%d.aOk m˙fNdackh 42.9 2.4 12.1 42.6 100.0 43.3 2.4 9.7 44.6 100.0
ksIamdokh u; fjk;a n≥
^wvq l<d tu iykdOdr& 91.4 8.3 - 0.3 100.0 91.0 8.7 - 0.3 100.0
uQ,sl ñ, .Kka wkqj iuia;
tl;= l< w.h 34.0 4.3 10.7 51.0 100.0 34.5 4.7 10.1 50.7 100.0
^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl
* ,dN wfmalaIdfjka f;drj .Dy tall i|yd fiajh i,ik wdh;k

m%d.aOk m˙fNdackh iy ñY% wd∞hu 2015 jifr® °
ms<sfj<ska jdr®;d l< ishhg 5'9 l iy ishhg 5'5 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ms<sfj<ska ishhg
1'9 lska yd ishhg 5'8 lska jr®Okh úh' fï w;r"
ksIamdok ls%hdj,sh u; jk fjk;a n≥ ^iykdOdr
wvq l< miq& 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 5'3 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 10'8 lska
jr®Okh úh'
wdh;ksl wxY wkqj jr®.SlrKh ie,lSfï °"
2016 jifr®° ishhg 6'2 lska jr®Okh jQ .Dy
tall iy ,dN wfmalaIdfjka f;drj .Dy tall
i|yd fiajd imhk wdh;k wxYh wd∞hï i|yd
úYd,;u ∞hl;ajh ,nd≥ka w;r th iuia;
tl;= l< w.fhka ishhg 50'7 la úh' tfukau"
ishhg 8'3 lska jr®Okh jQ uQ,H fkdjk wdh;k
wxYh ishhg 34'5 l fojeks jeäu ∞hl;ajhla
,nd fok ,°' fï w;r" kdñl jákdlu ie,lSfï °
o< fufyhqï w;s˙la;h i|yd .Dy tall iy
,dN wfmalaIdfjka f;drj .Dy tall i|yd fiajd
imhk wdh;k wxYh 2016 jifr®° ishhg 58'1 l
∞hl;ajhla ,nd foñka ishhg 5'7 lska jr®Okh jQ
w;r" uQ,H fkdjk wdh;k wxYh ishhg 35'7 l
∞hl;ajhla ,nd foñka ishhg 9'3 lska jr®Okh úh'
fï w;r" fiajl wd∞hï ie,lSfï °" .Dy tall iy
,dN wfmalaIdfjka f;drj .Dy tall i|yd fiajd
imhk wdh;k wxYh iy uQ,H fkdjk wdh;k
wxYh 2016 jifr® ° ms<sfj<ska ishhg 34'9 l
iy ishhg 30'9 l ∞hl;ajhla ,nd≥ka w;r tu
wxY ms<sfj<ska ishhg 8'2 l iy ishhg 5'9 l kdñl
jr®Okhla jdr®;d lrk ,°' ta w;ru" 2016 jifr® °
fiajl wd∞hï i|yd rdcH wxYh ishhg 28'9 l
∞hl;ajhla ,ndfoñka ishhg 7'0 lska jr®Okh úh'
;jo" ksIamdok ls%hdj,sh u; jk iykdOdr wvq
l< n≥ i|yd 2016 jifr® ° úYd,;u ∞hl;ajh
uQ,H fkdjk wdh;k wxYh fj;ska ckkh jQ
w;r th ishhg 91'0 l ∞hl;ajhla ,nd foñka
ishhg 10'4 lska jr®Okh úh' fï w;r" .Dy tall
iy ,dN wfmalaIdfjka f;drj .Dy tall i|yd
fiajd imhk wdh;k wxYh 2016 jifr® iuia;
tl;= l< w.h i|yd ishhg 50'7 l ∞hl;ajhla
,nd ≥kako tu wxYh" ksIamdok ls%hdj,sh u; jk
fjk;a n≥ ^iykdOdr wvq l< miq& m%udKh i|yd
olajk ,o ∞hl;ajh ishhg 0'3 lg iSud úh'

94

3'1 iuia; ksÍlaIK
i r®j iyNd.s;ajhla iys; wdr®:ßl jr®Okh
iy ixjr®Okh i|yd myiqlï ie,iSug
wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlïj, we;s
jeo.;alu jgyd .ksñka" ±ä whjeh ixfrdaOl
uOHfha jqj o" há;, myiqlï moku jeä†hqKq
ls¯u i|yd rch wLKavj wdfhdackh lf<ah'
wdr®:ßl há;, myiqlï fmd≥ ck;dj úiska
m˙fNdackh lrk fiajd iemhSug iydh jk
w;ru" fm!oa.,sl wxYfha wdr®:ßl lghq;= i|yd
wjYH fhojqï jYfhka o l%shd lrhs' tneúka"
wdr®:ßl há;, myiqlï u.ska ksuejqï jr®Okh"
ksuejqï Od˙;dj yd M,∞hs;dj by< kexùu iy
m%dfoaYSh yd iud„h úIu;d wju ls¯u is≥ lrhs'
ir®j idOdrK iy ir®j iyNd.s;ajhla iys;
ixjr®Okh i|yd mqoa., hymeje;au ;yjqre lrk
w;ru" by< M,∞hs;dj †˙ .kajk Yla;su;a
udkj m%d.aOk mokula ksr®udKh ls¯u i|yd
iudc há;, myiqlï ixjr®Okh b;d jeo.;a fõ'
;jo" há;, myiqlïj, .=Kd;aulNdjh yd tajd
Ndú;hg we;s wjia:d" wdr®:ßlfha ;r.ld˙;ajh
jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd jeo.;a ksr®Kdhl fõ'
tneúka" Y%S ,xldjg ish wdr®:ßl jr®Ok úNj;djfha
Wm˙uhg ,`.d ùu i|yd;a" úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack
wdlr®IKh lr.ekSu i|yd;a há;, myiqlï
ixjr®Okh wLKavj mj;ajd f.k hEu wjYH
fõ' flfia fj;;a" mj;sk rdcH uQ,H wjldYh
iSudiys; ùu fya;=fjka" há;, myiqlïj, we;s
±ä wjYH;djh imqrd,Su i|yd n≥ u; mokï jQ
rdcH wdfhdack m%udKj;a fkdfõ' há;, myiqlï
i|yd ±kg mj;sk uQ,Hkh ls¯fï jevigyka
wd¾Ól iy iudc
3
há;, myiqlï
wLKavj mj;ajd f.k hEu fya;=fjka rdcH Kh
;j≥rg;a by< hkq we;s w;r" tu.ska rfgys Kh
wdmiq f.ùfï yelshdj u; ±ä mSvkhla we;s
lrkq we;' fuu ;;a;ajh hgf;a" rdcH fm!oa.,sl
yjq,ald˙;ajh ;=<ska há;, myiqlï iemhSu i|yd
fm!oa.,sl wdfhdack wdlr®IKh lr .ekSu rchg
jeo.;a fõ' fï w;r" wdr®:ßl há;, myiqlï
i|yd jeä jYfhka wdfhdackh ls¯ug fm!oa.,sl
wxYh †˙.ekaùu u.ska wOHdmkh yd fi!LH jeks
w;HjYH iudc há;, myiqlï iemhqu jeä†hqKq
ls¯u i|yd ;j ;j;a uqo,a fjkals¯ug yels rdcH
uQ,H wjldYhla ksr®udKh lr.ekSug rchg
yels jkq we;' há;, myiqlï ixjr®Okh i|yd
fm!oa.,sl wxYh †˙.ekaùfï wjYH;dj y∫kd
.ksñka" f,dal nexl=fõ yd USAID wdh;kfha
iydh we;sj" uqo,a wud;HdxYh ;=< rdcH fm!oa.,sl
yjq,ald˙;aj tallhla ia:dms; ls¯u i|yd 2017
ckjd˙ udifha ° wud;H uKav, wkque;sh ysñúh'
fuu tallh msysgqjkq ,enqfõ rcfha há;,
myiqlï ixjr®Ok jHdmD;s i|yd fm!oa.,sl
wxYfha wdfhdack wdlr®IKh lr .ekSugh'
há;, myiqlï ixjr®Okh i|yd rdcH fm!oa.,sl
yjq,ald˙;ajh †˙.ekaùfï rcfha m%;sm;a;s rduqj
u.ska" foaYmd,{hka yd m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhka
we;=Ω" ishÆu mdr®Yajlrejkaf.a ±kqïj;aNdjh
by< kexùu flfrys wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=
w;r" fm!oa.,sl wdfhdack †˙.ekaùug iy
fiajdj, .=Kd;aulNdjh yd idOdrK ñ, .Kka
iy;sl ls¯u i|yd iq≥iq kshduk yd m˙md,k
hdka;%K ksr®udKh l< hq;=h' wdr®:ßl yd iudc
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

há;, myiqlï jHdmD;sj, fm!oa.,sl wdfhdack
m%jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd ia:djr m%;sm;a;s" hymd,kh
yd úksúoNdjh" wdh;ksl yelshd jeä†hqKq ls¯u"
M,∞hS kshduk iy ldr®hlaIu uQ,H fj<|fmd<j,a
wd° mQr®j wjYH;d imqrd,sh hq;= nj o i|yka l<
hq;=h' fï w;r" ldr®hlaIu f,i iïm;a fn∞ fjka
ls¯u ;yjqre ls¯u i|yd wdr®:ßlhg jeä m%;s,dN
ysñjk whq˙ka jHdmD;sj, m%uqL;d wkqms<sfj<
y∫kd .ekSug há;, myiqlï ixjr®Ok jHdmD;s
mqΩ,a YlH;d wOHhkhlg ,la l< hq;=h'
2016 jir ;=< ° rcfha há;, myiqlï
ixjr®Ok jHdmD;s /ila l%shd;aul fjñka
mej;s w;r" ldr®hlaIu udr®. cd,hla ;=<ska
jk niakdysr l,dmSh uydk.r uQ,sl ie,iqu 2016
jifr® ° t<solajk ,°' f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok
;dlaIKh" m%jdykh" ú≥,sn,h yd n,Yla;sh jeks
w;HjYH há;, myiqlï jeä†hqKq ls¯u u.ska
r:jdyk ;onoh" ksjdij, wn,ka iajNdjh"
wmøjH neyer ls¯u iy uQ,sl Wmfhda.s;d fiajd
,nd.ekSu jeks kd.¯lrKh wdY%s; .egÆ úiπ
.ekSug fuh Wmld¯ jkq we;'
kj wdfhdack" ms˙jeh ms<sìUqjk f,i
ñ, ;SrKh ls¯fï Wmdhudr®. iy M,∞hs;dj
by< kexùu u.ska rdcH jd◊c jHjidhhkaj,
uQ,H YlH;dj by< kxjkq ,nhs' rgmqrd mej;s
kshx ;;a;ajfhys m%;sM,hla f,i c, ú≥,sn,

3
m%dfoaYSh iïnkaO;djh jeä†hqKq ls¯u flfrys W;amdokh wvqùu m%Odk jYfhka fya;=fldg
rcfha há;, myiqlï ixjr®Ok jevigyfka f.k 2016 jifr® ° ,xld ú≥,sn, uKav,fha
uQ,sl wjOdkh fhduq úh' ta wkqj" rch úiska ^,x'ú'u'& uQ,H ;;a;ajh ms˙ySug ,laúh' fld<U
niakdysr" ol=K" W;=re ueo iy uOHu m<d;a uQ,H k.rh we;=Ωj" niakdysr l,dmSh uydk.r
w;r iïnkaO;dj by< kxjk" olaIsK wêfõ.S uQ,sl ie,iqu" yïnkaf;dg" ;s%l=Kdu,h yd jhU
udr®.h °r®> ls¯fï jHdmD;sh" msg; jgrjqï m<df;a lr®udka; l,dm ixjr®Okh jeks ie,iqï
uydudr®.h iy uOHu wêfõ.S udr®. jHdmD;sh
l< ixjr®Ok lghq;= fukau wdr®:ßl lghq;=j,
wd° wêfõ.S udr®. b†ls¯fï jHdmD;sj, wLKavj
wfmaCIs; jr®Okh o fya;=fjka b†˙ jir lsysmh
wdfhdackh lrk ,°' óg wu;rj" foaYSh yd
;=< ° rfÜ ú≥,sn, wjYH;dj YS>%fhka by< hkq
úfoaYSh uQ,dY%j,ska imhkq ,nk wruqo,a hgf;a
we;ehs wfmalaId flfr®' tneúka" wdr®:ßlfha by<
taldnoaO udr®. jHdmD;sh (i-ROAD)" m%uqL;d udr®.
jHdmD;sh" W;=re udr®. iïnkaO;d jHdmD;sh hk n,Yla;s b,aÆu iems¯u ;=<ska jr®Okh jk
iy md,ï b†ls¯fï jHdmD;s lsysmhla o jir uQ,sl n,Yla;s wjYH;dj imqrd,Sug iy n,Yla;s
;=< ° l%shd;aul úh' ;jo" ≥ï˙h udr®. b†ls¯u" iqrlaIs;;dj iy;sl ls¯ug ú≥,sn, W;amdok
kd.˙l yd k.r uOH ixjr®Okh iy jd˙udr®. uQ,dY%j, wdfhdackh ls¯ug m%uqL;ajh †h hq;=j
fhdackd l%u i|yd rch úiska ie,lsh hq;= f,i we;' tu ksid" n,Yla;s iqrlaIs;;dj iy;sl
wdfhdackh l< w;r" ksoyia fi!LH yd wOHdmkh ls¯u i|yd ,x'ú'u' ú≥,sn, W;amdokh mqΩ,a
iemhSfï rcfha m%;sm;a;sh wkq.ukh lrñka" †<s∫ ls¯fï †.=ld,Sk ie,iqug wkql+,j jir 2020
ck;djg m%udKj;a m˙† wdrlaIK cd, jevigyka jkúg fu'fjd' 500 l W;amdok Od˙;djlska hq;=
mj;ajdf.k hEug o rch lghq;= lf<ah' ;jo" uyd m˙udK n,d.drhla b†ls¯u i|yd rcfha
„j;aùug jvd iq≥iq" ishΩ myiqlïj,ska iukaú; há;, myiqlï ixjr®Ok ie,eiau u.ska ksis
k.r l,dmhla njg niakdysr m<d; m˙jr®;kh ie,ls,a,la fhduq ls¯u wjYH fõ' ta w;ru" by<
ls¯fï wruq◊ka t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 40 l ú≥,sn, W;amdok ms˙jeh fya;=fjka ,x'ú'u' uQ,H
wfmalaIs; ms˙jehlska hq;= rcfha m%uqL;u jHdmD;sh YlH;dj ;j≥rg;a ms˙ySug ,laùu;a" wjidkfha °
jHidhlhkaf.a ,dNdka;sl yd Tjqkaf.a wmkhk
3'1 ixLHd igyk fj<|fmd< ;r.ld˙;ajh i|yd tys we;s n,mEu;a
há;, myiqlï i|yd jQ rdcH wdfhdack fya;=fjka ms˙jeh-M,∞hS n,Yla;s uQ,dY% f;dard
wdr®:ßl fiajd iudc fiajd tl;=j
.ekSu wdr®:ßlhg b;d jeo.;a fõ' ol=Kq wdishdkq

jr®Ih l,dmfha fjk;a rgj,a yd ii|kúg Y%S ,xldfõ
re' o'foa'ks' re' o'foa'ks' re' o'foa'ks'
ì,shk ] f,i ì,shk ] f,i ì,shk ] f,i ú≥,sn, .dia;= fï jkúg;a by< uÜgul mj;S'
2012 343.8 3.9 71.2 0.8 415.0 4.8 tneúka" ú≥,s n,d.drj, m%d.aOk yd fufyhqï
2013 369.4 3.9 77.6 0.8 447.0 4.7 úhoï fukau tu.ska we;sjk md˙i˙l n,mEïj,
2014 330.1 3.2 112.3 1.1 442.5 4.3
ms˙jeh o i,ld n,d mqΩ,a ms˙jeh-m%;s,dN
2015 429.0 3.8 124.4 1.1 553.4 4.9
úYaf,aIKhla ;=<ska furgg iq≥iq n,Yla;s ixhq;sh
2016 ^w& 424.0 3.6 117.3 1.0 541.3 4.6
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
f;dard.; hq;=h' fuhg iu.dój" whjeh u; we;s
ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j jk mSvkh wju ls¯u iy w,dN ,nk rdcH jd◊c
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
jHjidhhkag ,ndfok wêl Kh fya;=fjka rdcH

96

nexl=j, fYaI m;%fhys we;sjk ms˙ySu wju ls¯u
i|yd rdcH jd◊c jHjidhhkays uQ,H YlH;djh
Yla;su;a ls¯ug idOdrK iy ms˙jeh ms<sìUq jk
ñ, kshu ls¯fï l%ufõo w;HjYH fõ' ,xld Lksc
f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj ^,x'L'kS'ix'& Wmdhudr®.sl
jYfhka jeo.;a rdcH jd◊c jHjidhla jk neúka"
tys uQ,H w,dN wjidkfha ° furg n≥ f.jkakka
yg ±¯ug is≥ fõ' jr®;udk fj<|fmd< m%jK;d
u.ska ,x'L'kS'ix'ys uQ,H ;;a;ajh kq≥re wkd.;fha °
≥r®j, ùug wjldYhla we;s nj fmkakqï lrhs'
tneúka" ,x'L'kS'ix'ys uQ,H YlH;dj iqrlaIs;
ls¯u i|yd Lksc f;,a ksIamd†;j,g fj<|fmd<
mokï lr.;a ñ, kshu ls¯fï hdka;%Khla
y∫kajd °fï l%shdj,sh fõ.j;a ls¯u;a" ,x'L'kS'ix'
fj; wh úh hq;= uqo,a whlr .ekSfï l%ufõoh
Yla;su;a ls¯u;a jeo.;a fõ' hym;a uqo,a m%jdy
;;a;ajhla iy;sl ls¯ug iy ,x'L'kS'ix' rdcH
nexl=j,ska ,nd.kakd Kh u; hemSu wvq ls¯ug
fuu l%shdudr®. wjYH fõ' ;jo" Y%S,xlka .=jka
fiajh jeks ±jeka; w,dN ,nk rdcH jd◊c
jHjidhla mj;ajd f.k hEu rcfha whjeh u;
úYd, mSvkhla we;s lrhs' tneúka" m%d.aOkh iemhSu
iy Kh ia:dhslrK wjYH;djhg úi∫ï fiùug;a"
tu.ska rcfha uQ,H lghq;= u; we;s mSvkh bj;a
ls¯ug;a" Y%S,xlka .=jka fiajh i|yd Wmdhudr®.sl
yjq,alrejl= tlalr .ekSug .kq ,nk l%shdudr®.
idr®:l lr.; hq;=h' ≥ï˙h" isú,a .=jka fiajd iy
;eme,a fiajd wd° lafIa;%hkays l%shd;aul jk rdcH
jd◊c jHjidhhkays uQ,H l%shdld˙;ajh jr®Okh
ls¯u i|yd b,aÆu mokï lr.;a M,∞hs;d by<
kexùfï jevigyka wjYH fõ' fuhg wu;rj"
m%Odk rdcH jd◊c jHjidhhkays Wmdhudr®.sl
jHdmd˙l ie,iqïj, b,lal <Ûdlr .ekSfï m%.;sh
ms<sn|j rch iy wfkl=;a kshduk n,Od¯ka úiska
wëlaIKh l< hq;=h' 2017 udr®;= udifha ° m%Odk
rdcH jd◊c jHjidhhka myla i|yd zwdh;ksl
wNsm%dh ms<sn| m%ldYkZ (Statement of Corporate
Intent) y∫kajd °ug wud;H uKav,h úiska .kq
,enQ ;SrKh" fuu rdcH jd◊c jHjidhhkays †.=
ld,Sk uQ,H YlH;dj iy tajdfha j.ùu jeä†hqKq
ls¯u i|yd .;a m%YxikSh mshjrls' cd;sl wdr®:ßl
Wmdhudr®.h iuÛ meye†,s f,i iïnkaO ù
we;s" uOH yd †.= ld,Sk b,lalj,ska iukaú;
Wmdhudr®.sl jHdmdr ie,iqï ilia ls¯u ishÆ
rdcH jd◊c jHjidhhka i|yd jeo.;a fõ'
iudcfha ue† wd∞hï,dNS ck;djf.a
l%hYla;sh by< hEu;a iuÛ miq.sh jir lsysmh ;=<
° iudc há;, myiqlï iemhqu i|yd fm!oa.,sl
wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï
wxYfha iyNd.s;ajfha we;s jeo.;alu YS>%fhka
by< f.dia we;' l%hYla;sh by< hEu;a iuÛ
ldr®hlaIu yd by< .=Kd;aulNdjhlska hq;= fi!LH
yd wOHdmkh jeks fiajd b,a,Sug md˙fNda.slhka
keUqre fõ' m%d:ñl yd oaú;ShSl wOHdmkh iy
fi!LH jeks iud„h fmd≥ NdKavj,ska iudchg
,efnk m%;s,dN fm!oa.,sl m%;s,dNj,g jvd by<
uÜgul mj;sk neúka" wdr®:ßlhg wjYH m%udKhg
idfmalaIj fm!oa.,sl wdfhdack wvq ùug bv we;'
tys m%;sM,hla f,i" fujeks iudc há;, myiqlï
iemhSfuys,d rcfha by< ue†y;a ùula olakg
,efí' wvq wd∞hï,dNS ck;djg fuu myiqlï
,nd.ekSug m%udKj;a wjldY we;s nj ;yjqre
3
lrk w;ru" by< yd ue† wd∞hï,dNSkaf.ka
mj;sk by< b,aÆu imqrd,Su i|yd rch úiska
fm!oa.,sl wxYhg bv m%ia:d i,iñka fuu fiajd
iemhqu by< kexúh hq;=h' tneúka" iudc há;,
myiqlï jHdmD;s l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd wdh;ksl
iydh jeks wjYH fiiq iïm;a fm!oa.,sl wxYhg
imhk w;r" rch úiska fm!oa.,sl iy rdcH
wxYfha wdh;k i|yd w∞< jk ;;a;aj wdrlaIK
udr®f.damfoaY" kshduk yd wëlaIK hdka;%K iy
ffk;sl rduq jeks wdh;ksl rduq jevigyka
we;s ls¯u o w;HjYH fõ' fm!oa.,sl wdh;k
úiska ish ,dN ,eîfï wruqKq yd iud„h j.lSï
;=,kd;aulj mj;ajd f.k hEfuka wdr®:ßlhg
jeä ∞hl;ajhla imhk nj ;yjqre ls¯ug fuh
wjYH fõ' rdcH wruqo,a ldr®hlaIuj yd M,∞hSj
Ndú; ls¯u;a" mqoa., wfmalaId yd fj<|fmd<
wjYH;d imqrd,k m˙† ish fiajd iemhqfï
.=Kd;aulNdjh wLKavj by< kexùu;a ;yjqre
lr .ekSu ms◊i" rdcH wdh;k i|yd o ;;a;aj
wdrlaIK yd wëlaIK hdka;%K mej;Su wjYH
fõ' fuu mshjr jvd;a Yla;su;a lrkq i|yd Y%u
fj<|fmdf<a mj;sk b,aÆu yd iemhqu w;r we;s
mr;rhg úi∫ï fiùug" úfYaIfhkau idudkH
yd Wiia wOHdmk wxYj,g fnfyúka wjYH
jk m%;sixialrK l%shd;aul l< hq;= fõ' mj;sk
whjeh ixfrdaOl iy fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jHdma;sh
ie,ls,a,g .;aúg" jdr®Islj ;D;Shsl wOHdmkh
i|yd iq≥iqlï ,nk isiqka w;˙ka rchg wjia:d
ie,ish yels jkafka wdikak jYfhka ishhg 19 lg
muKla neúka" fm!oa.,sl wxYfhka Wiia
wOHdmkh ,nd .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk
isiqkag wjia:dj i,id °u i|yd fm!oa.,sl wxYh
úiska Wiia wOHdmkh iemhSu ms<sn|j meye†,s
iy ia:djr m%;sm;a;s mej;Su w;HjYH fõ'
97
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

3'2 wd¾Ól há;, myiqlï m%;sm;a;s" wdh;ksl iïnkaO;d ixLHdj 4"920"554 la olajd ishhg
rduqj iy l%shdldß;ajh 20'3 lska jr®Okh úh' 2016 jir ;=< ° ishhg 36'1 l
YS>% jr®Okhla fmkakqï l< ia:djr wka;r®cd,
m◊Ksjqv yqjudre fiajd iïnkaO;d jr®Okh" iuia; wka;r®cd, iïnkaO;d
jeä jQ ≥rl:k iy wka;r®cd, iïnkaO;d jr®Okh flfrys fnfyúka bjy,a úh' fï w;r"
fya;=fjka" 2016 jifr® ° ú≥,s ixfoaY lafIa;%fha 2016 jir wjidk jk úg cx.u wka;r®cd,
jr®Ok m%jK;dj wLKavj meje;=◊' fmr jirg iïnkaO;d ixLHdj fmr jifr® jdr®;d jQ 3"408"408 g
idfmalaIj 2016 jir wjidk jk úg cx.u idfmalaIj 3"991"465 la olajd ishhg 17'1 lska
≥rl:k iïnkaO;d ixLHdj ñ,shk 26'2 la olajd jr®Okh úh' fï w;r" úoHq;a nexl=lrKh" úoHq;a
ishhg 7'6 lska jr®Okh úh' fï w;r" 2015 jifr® jHdmdrlrKh" cx.u ≥rl:k mokï lr.;a
ñ,shk 1'1 la jQ /yeka iys; ia:djr ≥rl:k nexl=lrKh" úoHq;a nia m%fõYm;% ksl=;a ls¯u
iïnkaO;d m%udKh ñ,shk 1'2 la olajd ishhg iy cx.u fj<|fmd< úl=Kqï fiajd wd° wdr®:ßl
3'4 lska by< .sfhah' flfia fj;;a" /yeka rys; lghq;= i|yd Ndú; jk f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok

3
uqΩ ia:djr ≥rl:k ixLHdj wLKavj my< .sh fiajdj, il%Sh Ndú;h o uE; jirj, ° jr®Okh ù
w;r" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ iïnkaO;d ñ,shk we;' Y%S ,xldfõ iudc wdr®:ßl ixjr®Okh flfrys
1'5 g idfmalaIj" i,ld n,k ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< ° fukau .%dóh-kd.˙l m%foaY w;r ä‚g,alrKfha
iïnkaO;d ixLHdj ñ,shk 1'4 la olajd ishhg mj;sk úIu;dj wvqq ls¯fuys,d o ú≥,s ixfoaY
6'0 lska wvq úh' fuys m%;sM,hla f,i" 2016 jir fiajdj, by< jHdma;sh Wmld¯ ù we;'
wjidkh jk úg uqΩ ia:djr ≥rl:k ixLHdj o
ä‚g,a m˙ir moaO;s iy wdr®:ßl ixjr®Okh by<
ishhg 2'0 lska wvq úh' /yeka rys; ia:djr ≥rl:k
kexùu i|yd wjYH uQ,sl wxY f,i ú≥,s ixfoaY yd
ysñhka cx.u ≥rl:k Ndú;h i|yd fhduq ùu;a"
ä‚g,a há;, myiqlï hk wxY rch úiska y∫kd
fn%daânEkaâ in|;d myiqlï ,nd.ekSfï wruq◊ka
f.k we;' f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfha
ia:djr /yeka iys; ≥rl:k in|;d flfrys fhduq
Ndú;h jHdma; ùu u.ska úfYaIfhkau" iajhx
ùu;a /yeka rys; ia:djr ≥rl:k iïnkaO;d
/lshd yd l=vd jHjidh iún,.ekaùu ;=<ska is≥jk
ixLHdj wvq ùug uQ,slju fya;= úh' fuu m%jK;d
ir®j iyNd.s;ajhla iys; wdr®:ßl jr®Okh yd
fya;=fjka" i,ld n,k ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< ° ia:djr
/lshd W;amdokh †˙ .ekafjhs' ú≥,s ixfoaY fiajd
≥rl:k iïnkaO;d >k;ajh ^mqoa.,hka 100 lg
Ndú;hg we;s wjia:d jeä†hqKq ls¯u u.ska ä‚g,a
we;s iïnkaO;d m%udKh& iy cx.u ≥rl:k
wf,úlrK l%ufõohka Tiafia tla tla mqoa.,hdg
iïnkaO;d >k;ajh ms<sfj<ska 12'0 iy 123'7 la úh'
wka;r®cd, fiajd iïnkaOfhka ie,lSfï °" 2016 fj<|fmd< fj; m%fõY ùug yels jk w;r"
jir wjika jk úg wka;r®cd, >k;ajh 23'2 la tu.ska .kqfokq ms˙jeh wvq lrñka wd∞hï yd ,dN
olajd by< kxjñka jir ;=< ° uqΩ wka;r®cd, by< kxjkq we;' ;jo" N+f.da,Sh jYfhka mj;sk
≥ria:Ndjh" Yd¯˙l ≥n,;d fyda ixialD;sluh
3'1 rEm igyk ndOl mej;Su ksid idudkHfhka ksfjiaj,ska
ÿrl:k >k;ajh neyerj fiajh ls¯ug fkdyels mqoa.,hkag ä‚g,a
140 há;, myiqlï u.ska /lshd wjia:d ysñlr °ug
yelshdj we;' ú≥,s ixfoaY fiajdj, m%.;sh ksid

120
wOHdmkh i|yd jk wjia:d jeäùu fya;=fjka
mqoa.,hka 100 lg we;s

100
mqoa., M,∞hs;dj ;j≥rg;a jr®Okh fõ' fï
≥rl:k ixLHdj

80 w;r" iïnkaO;d >k;ajh by< hEu iy wjYH

60
Wmdx. ,nd .ekSug we;s yelshdj by< hEu ksid
l=vd m˙udK jHdmd˙lhkag iy wvq wd∞hï,dNS
40
mjq,aj,g ish jHdmdr †hqKq lr .ekSug iy
20 uQ,H .kqfokq ukdj is≥ ls¯ug yels jk m˙†
0 uQ,H fiajdjka /ila iemfhkq we;ehs wfmalaId
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
flfrhs' cx.u f.ùï moaO;sj, ;dlaI◊l
cx.u ia:djr kfjda;amdokhka iy iudk ;r.lrejka w;r
uQ,hka( YS% ,xld ú≥,s ixfoaY kshduk fldñIka iNdj
uQ,H myiqlï yqjudre lr.ekSfï l%ufõo
ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;j = (peer-to-peer lending platforms) u.ska jHdmdr ms˙jeh

98

3'2 ixLHd igyk
úÿ,s ixfoaY wxYfha l%shdldß;ajh
YSr®Ih 2015
1' ia:djr ≥rl:k fiajd ^Z000& 2,601
/yeka iys; ≥rl:k ixLHdj 1,128
/yeka rys; ≥rl:k ixLHdj 1,473
2' cx.u ≥rl:k ^Z000& 24,385
3' wfkl=;a fiajd
fmd≥ ≥rl:k l=á 5,809
wka;r®cd, .%dyl ixLHdj ^Z000& ^wd& 4,091
4' ≥rl:k >k;ajh ^we& 128.7
ia:djr ≥rl:k 12.4
cx.u ≥rl:k 116.3
5' wka;r®cd, >k;ajh ^we& 19.5
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,hka( YS% ,xld ú≥,s ixfoaY .ekSu j<lajk" ish md,kfhka f;dr" hï ndOdjla
^wd& cx.u wka;r®cd, iïnkaO;d
we;=<;aj ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk
^we& mqoa.,hska 100 lg we;s iïnkaO;d
ixLHdj f,i wr®: ±lafõ'
wvq lrk w;ru" uQ,H fiajd iy Kh ,nd.ekSu i|yd
wjia:d jr®Okh lrhs' tneúka" wdr®:ßl ixjr®Okh
i|yd ú≥,s ixfoaY iy ä‚g,a há;, myiqlïj,
ldr®hNdrfhys jeo.;alu ie,ls,a,g f.k" ú≥,s
ixfoaY yd ä‚g,a há;, myiqlï wud;HdxYh"
Y%S ,xld ú≥,s ixfoaY kshduk fldñIka iNdj iuÛ
tlaj m%:u jrg 2016 jifr® ° zY%S ,xld fn%daânEkaâ
iuqΩjZ ixúOdkh lf<ah' ú≥,s ixfoaY lafIa;%fha
m%OdkSkaf.a iyNd.s;ajfhka mej;s fuu iuqΩfõ °
lafIa;%fha m%ùKhka úiska f.da,Sh iy foaYSh
fn%daânEkaâys miqìu yd úldYh úYaf,aIKh lrk
,°' óg wu;rj" furg ú≥,s ixfoaY lafIa;%h yd
ä‚g,a há;, myiqlï by< kexùu i|yd m%;sm;a;s
l%shdudr®. lsysmhlau 2017 whjeh u.ska fhdackd
lrk ,°' rg ;=< ä‚g,alrK l%shdj,sh m%dKj;a
ls¯fï wruqKska 2017 cqks udih wjidk jkúg
ishÆ kd.˙l l,dmj,g ;=kajk mrïmrdfjys
(3G) wka;r®cd, myiqlï ,nd†h yels m˙† há;,
myiqlï jeä†hqKq l< hq;= njg rch úiska ishÆ
cx.u ≥rl:k l%shdlrejkag Wmfoia ,nd °
we;' fuf,i" 2017 jifr® uq,a udi yh ;==< ;=kajk
mrïmrdfjys (3G) wka;r®cd, myiqlï wdjrKh
,nd°ug wfmdfydi;a jk ´kEu cx.u ≥rl:k
l%shdlrefjl=" tla †ia;%slalhla i|yd remsh,a
ñ,shk 100 la ne.ska jQ ov uqo,lg hg;a jkq we;'
;jo" 2018 jifr® cqks udih wjika jk úg furg
ishÆ kd.˙l l,dm i|yd y;rjk mrïmrdfõ
(4G) wka;r®cd, myiqlï wdjrKh ,nd fok f,i
cx.u ≥rl:k fiajd imhkakkaf.ka b,a,Sula lr
we;'
wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï
Y%S ,xld ú≥,s ixfoaY kshduk fldñIka
iNdj md˙fNda.sl wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lrk
jr®Ok
w;ru" n,m;%,dNS ú≥,s ixfoaY fiajd imhkakka
2016 ^w& wkqmd;h ] w;r .=Kd;aulNdjh mdol lr.;a idOdrK
2015 2016 ;r.ld˙;ajh †˙.ekaùug wLKavj lghq;= lf<ah'
2,550 -4.0 -2.0
1,166 0.5 3.4 uyck woyia úuiSulska wk;=rej ia:djr yd cx.u
1,384 -7.2 -6.0 ≥rl:k y~ fiajd i|yd zfiajdfõ .=Kd;aul njZ
26,228 10.2 7.6 ^QoS& ms<sn| mrdñ;s ud,djla Y%S ,xld ú≥,s ixfoaY
kshduk fldñIka iNdj úiska y∫kajd fok ,°'
5,301 -12.5 -8.7 ú≥,s ixfoaY fiajd imhkakka fuu fiajdfõ
4,921 20.5 20.3
.=Kd;aul nj ms<sn| mrdñ;Ska Ndú;h ms<sn|j
135.7 7.7 5.4
12.0 -4.9 -3.0
udisl jdr®;d b†˙m;a l< hq;= w;r" Y%S ,xld ú≥,s
123.7 9.2 6.4 ixfoaY kshduk fldñIka iNdj úiska fiajdfõ
3
23.2 19.3 18.9 .=Kd;aulNdjh ms<sn|j olajd we;s b,lal imqrd
kshduk fldñIka iNdj
mej;sfha kï" ta ms<sn|j o fuu jdr®;dfõ i|yka
fomdr®;fïka;=j l< hq;=h' ;jo" fiajd imhkakka úiska udislj
b†˙m;a lrk mrdñ;s w.hhkaj, i;H;djh m¯laId
ls¯u i|yd uD≥ldx. yd oDvdx.j,ska ie≥ï,;a
cd,h wkqrEmKh ;=<ska cd,.; ú.Kkhla
oaúudislj meje;aùug o Y%S ,xld ú≥,s ixfoaY
kshduk fldñIka iNdj ie,iqï lr we;' ;jo"
Y%S ,xldfõ wka;r®cd, >k;ajh jr®Okh ùu;a iuÛ
wka;r®cd, iïnkaO;dj, fõ.h" wka;r®cd,h
Ndú; lrkakkaf.a wjOdkh fhduqjk m%Odk;u
idOlh njg m;aj we;' tneúka" Y%S ,xld ú≥,s
ixfoaY kshduk fldñIka iNdj wka;r®cd, Ndú;d
lrkakka yg" iïnkaO;dj, fõ.h uekSu i|yd
zwka;r®cd, fõ. udklhZ la (Internet Speed Test Tool)
ia:dmkh lr we;' fï w;r" Y%S ,xldfõ wka;r®cd,
Ndú;d lrkakka úiska jeä jYfhka Ndú; lrk
f;dr;=re fldgia isx.mamQrej" hqfrdamh yd tlai;a
ckmoh hk o;a; uOHia:dkj, mj;sk neúka" tu
o;a; uOHia:dkj, zm¯laIKdka; fiajd∞hlZ (test
end servers) ;=kla msysgqùug o Y%S ,xld ú≥,s ixfoaY
kshduk fldñIka iNdj ;SrKh lr we;' fuhg
wu;rj" iudk ;;a;ajhka hgf;a ú≥,s ixfoaY
fiajd imhkakka úiska ,ndfok wka;r®cd,
iïnkaO;d fõ.h uekSu i|yd zY=oaO fõ.hZ (Net
Speed) .Kkh ls¯fï fuj,ula Y%S ,xld ú≥,s
ixfoaY kshduk fldñIka iNdj úiska ia:dmkh
lrk ,o w;r" tu m¯laIK m%;sM, uyck;djf.a
±k.ekSu i|yd m%ldYhg m;alrkq we;' ;jo"
rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha mdr®Yajlrejkaf.a
Wmfoia we;sj Y%S ,xldj i|yd zcd;sl fn%daânEkaâ
m%;sm;a;shZ la ilia ls¯fï l%shdj,shla o Y%S ,xld
ú≥,s ixfoaY kshduk fldñIka iNdj úiska y∫kajd
fok ,°' fuu jevigyfka wruqK jkafka" rg
99
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
;=< fn%daânEkaâ fiajd jHdma;sh yd Ndú;h m%p,s;
ls¯u iy ta i|yd myiqlï ie,iSu i|yd wjYH
Wiia uÜgfï l%ufõohla ilia ls¯uhs' 2017
jir wjidkh jk úg ilia lr wjika ls¯ug
kshñ; fuu m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkh" wdrïNfha °
wjqre≥ myl ld,hla i|yd ilia flfrhs' cd;sl
fn%daânEkaâ m%;sm;a;sh" ´kEu úgl ±˙h yels
ñ,lg fn%daânEkaâ fiajd ,nd .ekSfï yelshdj yd
tys Ndú;h jr®Okh ls¯ug iydh jkq we;ehs o"
tu.ska wOHdmk" fi!LH" lDIslr®uh yd by<
úksúoNdjhlska hq;= wfkl=;a fmd≥ fiajd i|yd
jk wjia:d by< kxjk w;ru" úúO rdcH yd
jd◊c wdh;k u.ska imhk fiajd i|yd ms˙jeh
wju jk wdldrfha l%ufõo l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd
3
Wmld¯ jkq we;ehs o wfmalaId flfrhs' .=jka
ú≥,s uOHia:dk 50 la iy ä‚g,a ùäfhda úldYk
kd,sld 50 la i|yd ix« iïfm%aIK myiqlï o
i,ik w;ru" úúO jd◊c yd úfkda∞iajdo
myiqlï ,nd°fï wruq◊ka †h;a flfrk Y%S ,xld
ú≥,s ixfoaY kshduk fldñIka iNdfõ jHdmD;shla
jk" t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 104'3 l weia;fïka;=.;
ms˙jehla iys;" fld<U fkΩï l=ΩK 2017 jifr®
fojk Nd.fha ° ksu ls¯ug wfmalaId flfrhs'
f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIK
ksfhda‚;dh;kh (ICTA) rfÜ f;dr;=re yd
ikaksfõok ;dlaIK fiajd ,nd.ekSfï myiqlï
jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd wLKavj l%shd lf<ah' wdrlaIs;
bf,lafg%dksl l%ufõohla yryd uyck;djg
≥ria: fiajd imhñka jir ;=< ° ,xld rdcH cd,h
iuÛ iïnkaO jQ rdcH wdh;k ixLHdj 860 la
olajd jr®Okh úh' r:jdyk ,shdm†xÑh wëlaIKh
ls¯u" ˙he≥re n,m;% ksl=;a ls¯u iy ixpdrl
lr®udka;h m%jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd rfgys msysàu u;
mokïj Y%S ,xldfõ Wreuh ms<sn|j f;dr;=re ,nd
°u jeks rdcH úoHq;a fiajd lsysmhla jir ;=< °
l%shd;aul lrk ,°' f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok
;dlaIKh Ndú; ls¯u iïnkaOfhka rdcH fiajfha
yelshdj jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd rdcH wxYfha iEu
uÜgulu fiajlhkaf.a yelshdjka jr®Okh ls¯fï
úúO jevigyka l%shd;aul ls¯u u.ska ksmqK;d
ixjr®Okh flfrys o f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok
;dlaIK ksfhda‚;dh;kfhys wjOdkh fhduq úh'
rfÜ ú≥,s ixfoaY fiajd jHdma;sh by< hEu
uOHfha ;eme,a fomdr®;fïka;=j ish fiajd wLKavj
mj;ajdf.k hk ,°' 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg
;eme,a fiajdj m%Odk ;eme,a ldr®hd, 652 la" Wm
;eme,a ldr®hd, 3"410 la" ksfhda‚; ;eme,a ldr®hd,
524 la" .%dóh ksfhda‚; ;eme,a ldr®hd, 101 la iy
100
j;= ksfhda‚; ;eme,a ldr®hd, y;rlska iukaú;
úh' ;eme,a fomdr®;fïka;=j ish uQ,H ;;a;ajh
by< kexùfï wruq◊ka ish fiajd úúOdx.SlrKh
ls¯ug lghq;= lf<ah' ta wkqj" 2016 jir ;=< °
rlaIK jd˙l iy rlaIK iy;sl ;eme,a ldr®hd,
cd,h ;=<ska fn∞ye¯u we;=Ω kj ksfhda‚; fiajd
lsysmhla y∫kajd °ug mshjr .kakd ,°' fï w;r"
2016 jir ;=< ° ;eme,a .dia;= fkdfjkiaj mj;ajd
f.k hEug rch ;SrKh lf<ah' 2016 jifr® °
;eme,a fomdr®;fïka;=fõ uQ,H ;;a;ajh ;j≥rg;a
≥r®j, úh' ;eme,a fomdr®;fïka;=fõ fufyhqï
w,dNh 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< remsh,a ì,shk 5'0 g
idfmalaIj" 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 5'7 la
olajd ishhg 13'1 lska jr®Okh úh' fuh" fmr jirg
idfmalaIj" 2016 jifr® ° uqΩ wd∞hu remsh,a ì,shk
6'6 la olajd ishhg 2'0 lska wvq úfï iy fufyhqï
úhou remsh,a ì,shk 12'3 la olajd ishhg 4'5 lska
jeä ùfuys Y=oaO m%;sM,h úh' ;eme,a fiajdfõ
fufyhqï jHqyh fndfyda ≥rg fkdfjkiaj
mej;Sug wu;rj" úl,am ikaksfõok l%u nyq,
ùu iy ms˙jeh M,∞hS ñ, hdka;%Khla fkdue;s
ùu ;eme,a fomdr®;fïka;=fõ w,dN by< hEug
fya;= úh' flfia fj;;a" ;eme,a fomdr®;fïka;=j
,nd we;s by< w,dN ie,ls,a,g .ksñka" †hqKq
;dlaI◊l l%ufõo Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka ish fiajd
úúOdx.SlrKh yd mqΩ,a ls¯u u.ska ish wd∞hu
by< kexùug;a" rcfha whjeh u; we;s mSvkh
wvq ls¯u i|yd úhoï iSud ls¯ug;a" ;eme,a
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska kj jevigyka l%shd;aul
l< hq;=j we;'
Lksc f;,a
2016 jir wdrïNfha isg cd;Hka;r
fj<|fmdf<a f;,a ñ, .Kka by< hEfï
m%jK;djhla ±lsh yels jqj o" 2015 jifr®
m<uq Nd.h ;=< cd;Hka;r fndr f;,a ñ,
.Kka 2016 jifr® ° mej;s ñ, .Kkaj,g
jvd by< w.hl mej;s neúka 2016 jifr® °
cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<a fn%kaÜ jr®.fha fndr
f;,aj, jdr®Isl idudkH ñ, fmr jirg jvd wvq
w.hl mej;s◊' cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<a fn%kaÜ
fndr f;,a ner,hl jdr®Isl idudkH ñ, 2015
jifr® ° mej;s t'c' fvd,r® 53'75 g idfmalaIj
2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® 45'03 la olajd ishhg
16'2 lska wvq úh' brdkh u; mkjd ;snQ iïndOl
bj;a ls¯u;a iuÛ Lksc f;,a wmkhk by< hkq
we;ehs jQ wfmalaIdj fya;=fjka f.da,Sh jYfhka
Lksc f;,a wê iemhqï ;;a;ajhla we;s úh yels
njg jQ wúksYaÑ;;dj uOHfha fndr f;,a ñ,
 wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï

2016 jifr® ckjd˙ udifha ° jir 12 la ;=< mej;s Lksc f;,a ksIamdok iSud ls¯u fj<|fmd< wê
jdr®;d.; wju w.hla olajd my; jegq◊' ta wkqj" iemhqï ;;a;ajh ksud ls¯ug m%udKj;a fkdjkq
2016 ckjd˙ udifha ° cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<a we;s njg ielhla mej;sh o" Tfmla fkdjk Lksc
fn%kaÜ fndr f;,a ner,hl udisl idudkH f;,a ksIamdokh lrk wfkl=;a rgj,a o ish
ñ, t'c' fvd,r® 32'23 la olajd wvq úh' flfia ksmehqï †klg ner,a ñ,shk 0'3 lska wvq ls¯ug
fj;;a" Lksc f;,a wmkhk rgj, ixúOdkh .;a ;SrKh;a iuÛ 2016 foieïnr® udifha °
^Tfmla& iy Lksc f;,a ksmojk Tfmla fkdjk fn%kaÜ fndr f;,a ner,hl idudkH ñ, t'c'
rgj,a fndr f;,a ksIamdokh iSud lrkq we;ehs fvd,r® 54'74 la olajd by< .sfhah' fuh" 2001
mej;s fj<|fmd< wkqudk ls¯ï fya;=fjka 2016 jifrka miqj Tfmla iy Tfmla fkdjk rgj,
fmnrjd˙ udifha ° t'c' fvd,r® 33'63 la jQ fn%kaÜ iïnkaëlrKhla Tiafia iduqyslj Lksc f;,a
fndr f;,a ner,hl idudkH ñ, 2016 cqks udih ksIamdokh iSud ls¯u is≥ jQ m<uq wjia:dj fjhs'
jk úg t'c' fvd,r® 49'82 la olajd l%ufhka by<
,x'L'kS'ix' u.ska wdkhkh l< fndr f;,a
.sfhah' flfia jqj o" tlai;a rdcOdksh hqfrdamd
ñf,ys idudkH w.h fndfyda ≥rg f,dal Lksc

3
ix.ufhka bj;a ùug .kakd ,o ;SrKh iuÛ
f;,a fj<|fmd< m%jK;djhkag wkqj úp,kh
u;= jQ wúksYaÑ;;djh fya;=fjka 2016 cqks udih
úh' tneúka" ,x'L'kS'ix' u.ska wdkhkh l< fndr
wjidkfha °" cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<a Lksc f;,a
f;,a ner,hl jdr®Isl idudkH ñ, 2015 jifr® °
ñ, .Kka ;djld,slj my; jegq◊' w;s˙la;
jdr®;d jQ t'c' fvd,r® 54'80 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® °
iemhqu" fvd,rfha w.h by< hEu iy Lksc
t'c' fvd,r® 46'30 la olajd ishhg 15'5 lska my<
f;,a ksmojk rgj,a u.ska fndr f;,a ksIamdokh
.sfhah' tfiau" wdkhkh lrk ,o ishÆu ms˙my≥
iSud lrkq we;ehs mej;s fj<|fmd< wfmalaId
l< Lksc f;,a ksIamd†;hkays fuá%la fgdka tlla
fya;=fjka jifr® fojk Nd.fha ° fn%kaÜ fndr
i|yd idudkH ñ, 2015 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® 542'61 la
f;,a ner,hl idudkH ñ, t'c' fvd,r® 48'95
jQ w;r" th 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® 434'62 la
wdikakfha úp,kh fjñka mej;=◊' 2016
olajd ishhg 19'9 lska wvq úh'
foieïnr® udifha °" Tfmla ixúOdkh 2017
ckjd˙ udifha isg ih uila .;jk ;=re Lksc Lksc f;,a ksIamd†;j, foaYSh ñ, .Kka 2015
f;,a ksIamdokh †klg fndr f;,a ner,a ñ,shk jifr® ° ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq ls¯u fya;=fjka
32'5 la olajd" wdikak jYfhka †klg ner,a wdkhk ms˙jeh wvq uÜgul mej;sh o" 2016 jifr® °
ñ,shk 1'2 lska" lmd ye¯ug ;SrKh lrk ,o Lksc f;,a ksIamd†;j, foaYSh is,a,r ñ, .Kka
w;r" Tfmla ixúOdkhg wh;a fkdjk rgla jk fkdfjkiaj mej;s◊' flfia fj;;a" cd;Hka;r
reishdj Lksc f;,a ksIamdokh †klg fndr f;,a fj<|fmdf<a Lksc f;,a ñ, .Kka wvq uÜgul
ner,a ñ,shk 0'3 lska lmdye¯ug tlÛ úh' fuu mej;Sfï jdish md˙fNda.slhka fj; ysñlr °u
i|yd 2017 ckjd˙ ui 09 jk †k isg l%shd;aul
3'2 rEm igyk jk m˙† N+ñf;,a ,Sgrhl is,a,r ñ, remsh,a 44 la
cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<a fndr f;,a ^fn%kaÜ& idudkH ñ, olajd remsh,a 5 lska wvq lrk ,°'
yd ,x'L'kS'ix' úiska wdkhkh lrk ,o fndr f;,a ñ,
m%Odk jYfhka m%jdyk fiajd i|yd mej;s
130
120 by< b,aÆu iy 2016 jifr® w.Nd.fha ° mej;s

110 whym;a ld,.=Ksl rgd ksid ;dm ú≥,sn,
ner,hl ñ, ^t'c'fvd,r®&

100
90
W;amdokh by< hEu fya;= fldg f.k jir ;=< °
80 ú≥,sn, W;amdok iy m%jdyk hk wxYj,ska Lksc
70
f;,a ksIamd†; i|yd mej;s b,aÆu ie,lsh hq;=
60
50 f,i by< .sfhah' ú≥,sn, W;amdokh i|yd wf,ú
40 l< Lksc f;,a m%udKh 2016 jifr® ° fmr jirg
30
20
idfmalaIj ishhg 103'9 lska jr®Okh úh' 2016
jifr® ° m%jdyk iy .=jka fiajd wxYj,g wf,ú
ck - 12
wfma'% - 12
cQ,s - 12
Tla' - 12
ck' - 13
wfm%'a - 13
cQ,s - 13
Tla' - 13
ck' - 14
wfm%'a - 14
cQ,s - 14
Tla' - 14
ck' - 15
wfm%'a - 15
cQ,s - 15
Tla' - 15
ck' - 16
wfm%'a - 16
cQ,s - 16
Tla' - 16

l< Lksc f;,a m%udKh ms<sfj<ska ishhg 8'7 lska

fn%kÜ
a ñ, ,x'L'kS'ix' wdkhk ñ, iy ishhg 11'3 lska jr®Okh úh' fmr jir yd
iei£fï °" 2016 jifr® ° foaYSh ãi,a wf,úh
uQ,hka( frdhsgr® fiajh
,xld Lksc f;,a kS;.
s ; ixia:dj ishhg 19'9 lska jeä úh' ;jo" m%jdyk wxYfhka

101
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

Lksc f;,a ksIamdos;j,g we;s jQ b,aÆu by< hEu 3'3 ixLHd igyk
ms<sìUq lrñka 2016 jifr® ° foaYSh fmg%,a ksIamd†; Lksc f;,a wxYfha l%shdldÍ;ajh
wf,úh fmr jirg idfmaalaIj ishhg 16'0 lska jr®Ok
jr®Okh úh' ú≥,sn, W;amdokfha ° ;dm ú≥,sn,h 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd& wkqmd;h ]
YSr®Ih
2015 2016
u; ±ä f,i /£ isàug is≥ùu fya;=fjka 2015 wdkhkh l< m%udKh ^fu'fgd' Z000&
jirg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ±ú f;,a wf,úh o fndr f;,a 1,763 1,685 -3.4 -4.4
ms˙my≥ ksIm a d†; 3,321 3,885 -1.9 17.0
ishhg 29'8 lska by< .sfhah' N+ñf;,aj,g mej;s .,aw`.r = e 1,883 2,407 17.1 27.8
b,aÆu by< hEu fya;=fjka fmr jir yd iei£fï ° t,a'mS' .Eia 277 345 39.9 24.3
2016 jir ;=< N+ñf;,a wf,úh ishhg 5'6 lska foaYh
S t,a'mS' .Eia ksIm
a dokh ^fu'fgd'Z000& 10 9 -65.5 -8.4

jr®Okh úh' wdkhk jákdlu ^ñ'r'.e'&

fndr f;,a ^re'ñ,shk& 100,578 86,969 -46.4 -13.5
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< fufyhqï w,dNh yd ^t'c'fvd' ñ,shk& 739 596 -48.6 -19.4
ms˙my≥ ksIm a d†; ^re'ñ,shk& 244,148 246,233 -37.7 0.9
iei£fï ° 2016 jir ;=< ie,lsh hq;= fufyhqï ^t'c'fvd' ñ,shk& 1,802 1,688 -39.9 -6.3
,dNhla jdr®;d lrñka ,x'L'kS'ix'ys uQ,H ;;a;ajh .,aw`.r = e ^re'ñ,shk& 21,613 28,692 4.2 32.8

3
^t'c'fvd' ñ,shk& 159 197 -0.2 23.9
jeä†hqKq úh' ú.Kkh fkdl< ;djld,sl uQ,H t,a'mS' .Eia ^re'ñ,shk& 22,326 24,208 -13.7 8.4
m%ldYkj,g wkqj" fmr jifr® ° ,x'L'kS'ix' ^t'c'fvd' ñ,shk& 164 166 -17.1 1.2
fndr f;,a ner,hl idudkH ñ, ^ñ'r'.e'&
n≥j,g fmr remsh,a ì,shk 19'9 l w,dN hla ^re'$ner,a& 7,459 6,757 -45.3 -9.4
jdr®;d l< w;r" 2016 jifr® ° n≥j,g fmr remsh,a ^t'c'fvd'$ner,a& 54.80 46.30 -47.6 -15.5
wmkhk m%udKh ^fu'fgd' Z000& 908 807 128.1 -11.1
ì,shk 69'6 l ,dNhla jdr®;d lf<ah' cd;Hka;r wmkhk jákdlu ^re'ñ,shk& 50,461 41,794 14.3 -17.2
fj<|fmdf<a fndr f;,a ñ, idudkHfhka my< ^t'c'fvd' ñ,shk& 374 287 10.6 -23.3
w.hl mej;Su ,x'L'kS'ix' ie,lsh hq;= ,dNhla foaYhS wf,úh - ms˙my≥ ksIm a d†;
^fu'fgd' Z000& 4,124 4,937 -6.4 19.7
,eîug m%Odk f,i fya;= úh' tfiau" ,x'L'kS'ix' bka" fmg%,a ^TlafÜka 92& ^we& 911 1,036 18.7 13.7
nexl= moaO;sh fj; we;s o< j.lSï m%udKh 2016 fmg%,a ^TlafÜka 95& 100 137 45.5 36.5
jir ;=< ° remsh,a ì,shk 264'5 isg remsh,a ì,shk iq≥ ãi,a 1,779 2,125 -8.6 19.4
iqms˙ ãi,a ^wE& 74 97 21.2 31.3
192'6 la olajd ishhg 27'2 lska wvq úh' fï w;r" N+ñf;,a 130 137 6.5 5.6
rdcH nexl= ;=< ,x'L'kS'ix'g wh;a remsh,a ;ekam;= oeúf;,a 630 817 -31.2 29.8
.=jkahdkd bkaOk 382 425 -2.3 11.3
m%udKh 2015 jifr® ° mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 19'9 isg
kema;d 99 120 5.7 21.1
2016 jir wjidkh jk úg remsh,a ì,shk 32'8 la foaYSh wf,úh - t,a'mS' .Eia ^fu'fgd' Z000& 293 356 26.5 21.4
olajd ishhg 65'0 lska jr®Okh úh' flfia jqj;a" foaYSh ñ, ^jr®Ih wjidkfha °& ^re'$,Sgr&
rdcH wdh;kj,ska ,x'L'kS'ix'g whúh hq;= ysÛ uqo, fmg%,a ^TlafÜka 92& 117.00 117.00 -22.0 0.0
fmg%,a ^TlafÜka 95& 128.00 128.00 -19.0 0.0
2015 jir wjidkfha mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 15'4 g iq≥ ãi,a 95.00 95.00 -14.4 0.0
idfmalaIj 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg remsh,a iqms˙ ãi,a 110.00 110.00 -17.3 0.0
ì,shk 31'1 la olajd ishhg 101'8 lska by< .sfhah' N+ñf;,a 49.00 49.00 -39.5 0.0
oeúf;,a
,x'L'kS'ix'g whúh hq;= uqΩ ysÛ uqo,ska ishhg 64'3 la ;;amr 800 82.20 82.20 -10.8 0.0
w∞< jkqfha ú≥,sn, W;amdok lafIa;%fha rdcH ;;amr 1"500 80.00 80.00 -11.1 0.0
wdh;kj,ghs' ;;amr 3"500 80.00 80.00 -11.1 0.0
t,a'mS' .Eia ^re'$ls'.%Eï&
,x'L'kS'ix'ys uQ,H w,dN rcfha whjeh u; ,sfg%da .Eia 107.68 105.68 -29.0 -1.9
,dµaia .Eia 107.68 105.68 -29.0 -1.9
wys;lr n,mEula we;s ls¯u iy ,x'L'kS'ix' u.ska cd;Hka;r fj<`ofmdf<a fndr f;,a ñ,
,nd.kakd Kh m%udKh by< hEu rcfha nexl=j, ^t'c'fvd'$ner,a&
fn%kÜa 53.75 45.03 -46.1 -16.2
fYaI m;% ≥r®j, ùug fya;=jk neúka ,x'L'kS'ix'ys ví'à'whs' 48.91 43.38 -47.5 -11.3
uQ,H YlH;dj iy;sl ls¯u b;d jeo.;a fõ' f,dal Lksc f;,a iemhqu
f,dj m%Odk fmf<a Lksc f;,a ksmojk rgj,a ^†klg ner,a ñ,shk& 96.6 97.0 3.1 0.4
f,dal Lksc f;,a b,aÆu
u.ska ish ksIamdok iSud ls¯u ksid Lksc f;,a ñ, ^†klg ner,a ñ,shk& 95.0 96.6 2.1 1.7
.Kka by< hEfï m%jK;djla mej;Su iy úksuh ^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( ,xld Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj
^wd& ;djld,sl ,xld whs'´'iS' iud.u
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tneúka" ±kg mj;akd fj<|fmd< m%jK;d u.ska YS% ,xld fr®.=j
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,x'L'kS'ix'ys uQ,H ;;a;ajh kq≥re wkd.;fha ° cd;Hka;r n,Yla;s wdh;kh

102
 wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï

≥r®j, ùug jeä wjldYhla we;s nj fmkakqï úÿ,sn,h

flfrhs' ,x'L'kS'ix' rdcH jdKsc jHjidhla jk
neúka" tu wdh;kfha uQ,H w,dN wjidkfha °
furg n≥ f.jkakka yg ±¯ug is≥ fõ' tneúka"
,x'L'kS'ix'ys uQ,H YlH;dj iqrlaIs; ls¯u i|yd
Lksc f;,a ksIamd†;j,g fj<|fmd< mokï
lr.;a ñ, kshu ls¯fï hdka;%Khla y∫kajd °fï
l%shdj,sh fõ.j;a ls¯u;a" ,x'L'kS'ix'g whúh
hq;= uqo,a whlr .ekSfï l%ufõoh Yla;su;a
ls¯u;a jeo.;a fõ' fuu l%shdudr®. ;=<ska" hym;a
uqo,a m%jdy ;;a;ajhla iy;sl lrkq we;s w;r
,x'L'kS'ix' rdcH nexl=j,ska ,nd .kakd Kh u;
/£ isàu o wvq flfrkq we;'
2016 jifr® uqΩ ú≥,sn, W;amdokh 2015
jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ .s'fjd'me' 13"090 g idfmalaIj
.s'fjd'me' 14"149 la olajd ishhg 8'1 lska by<
.sfhah' 2016 uehs udifha ° ,o by< jr®Idm;kh
fya;=fjka jifr® fojk ldr®;=fõ ° c, ú≥,sn,
W;amdokh l%ufhka by< .sh o" m<uq ldr®;=fõ
yd jifr® wjika ld,fha mej;s kshx ;;a;aj
fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® ° c, ú≥,sn, W;amdokh
jdr®Isl ú≥,sn, W;amdokhg ±lajQ ∞hl;ajh wvq
úh' ta wkqj" 2016 jifr® ° iqΩ m˙udK c, ú≥,sh
yer c, ú≥,sn, W;amdokh .s'fjd'me' 3"481 la
olajd fmr jirg idfmalaIj ishhg 29'0 lska my<

3
Lksc f;,a iy iajdNdúl jdhq .fõIK iy .sh w;r" øj bkaOk ú≥,sn, W;amdokh .s'fjd'me'
4"461 la olajd ishhg 96'1 lska by< .sfhah' fï
m%jr®Ok lghq;= läkï ls¯ug 2015 iy 2016
w;r" fkdfrdÉfpdaf,a .,awÛ=re n,d.drfha is≥ jQ
jirj, ° wud;H uKav,h úiska jeo.;a ;SrK
ì|jeàï uOHfha jqj o" 2016 jifr® uqΩ .,awÛ=re
lsysmhla .kakd ,°' tï2 fldgi iïnkaOfhka
ú≥,sn, W;amdokh .s'fjd'me' 5"047 la olajd fmr
wf,úlrK Wmdhudr®." ,xiq f,aLk iy iq≥iq
jirg idfmalaIj ishhg 13'6 lska by< .sfhah' 2016
fldgialrefjl= f;dard .ekSfï ° Y%S ,xld rch
jifr® ° iqΩ m˙udK ú≥,sn, W;amdokh o we;=<;aj"
úiska ie,lsh hq;= ksr®Kdhl ilia lr .ekSu
idïm%∞hsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s m%Nj
i|yd" Y%S ,xld rch weu˙ldfõ IHS Energy yryd ú≥,sn, W;amdokh .s'fjd'me' 1"160 la olajd
wdh;kh iuÛ 2016 foieïnr® udifha ° .súiqulg 2015 jirg idfmalaIj ishhg 20'9 lska wvq úh'
t<eô◊' iajdNdúl jdhq .fõIK yd m%jr®Ok
lghq;= ;j≥rg;a mj;ajd f.k hEu i|yd 2017 3'3 rEm igyk
jifr® y;rjk ldr®;=j jk úg iq≥iq Lksc f;,a úÿ,sn, W;amdok ixhq;sh
iy iajNdúl jdhq .fõIK wdh;khlg tï2
flgi mjrd °ug wfmalaIs;h' ;jo" wjidkfha ° 2015
idïm%odhsl fkdjk
iajNdúl jdhq ksIamdokhg jd◊c jYfhka we;s mqkr®ckkSh m%Nj c, ú≥,sh ^iqΩ
YlH;dj uek ne,Sfï wruq◊ka N+ úoHd;aul" 11'2] m˙udK c, ú≥,sh
we;=<;a fkdfõ&
N+ fN!;sl yd ;dlaI◊l iólaIK meje;aùu 37'5]
iy tajdhska ,efnk o;a; úYaf,aIKh yd wr®:
.,awÛ=re
ksrEmKh i|yd Y%S ,xldfõ kef.kysr fjr<g 33'9]
Tífnka msysá .eUqre uqyq≥ m%foaY foll ^f–'tia'
5 iy f–'tia' 6& yhsfv%dldnk mej;Sfï yelshdj
øj bkaOk
m¯laId ls¯ug 2016 fmnrjd˙ udifha ° rch 17'4]
úiska m%xYfha m%Odk fmf<a nyqcd;sl iud.ula
2016
jk Total iuÛ .súiqulg t<eô◊' ukakdrï idïm%odhsl fkdjk c, ú≥,sh ^iqΩ
føda◊fha oaùudK ihsiañla ^Seismic& o;a; kej; mqkr®ckkSh m%Nj m˙udK c, ú≥,sh
8'2] we;=<;a fkdfõ&
ilia ls¯u" m%pdrKh yd wf,ú ls¯u i|yd Lksc 24'6]
f;,a yd iajdNdúl jdhq ms<sn| fiajd imhk
m%Odk fmf<a wdh;khla jk WesternGeco Seismic
Holding iud.u iuÛ Y%S ,xld rch ;j;a .súiqulg
t<eô◊' fuu w.h tl;= lrk ,o" kej; ilia
.,awÛ=re øj bkaOk
l< o;a; u.ska tu o;a;j, wr®: ksrEmKh iy 35'7] 31'5]
føda◊fha wdlD;sh úYaf,aIKh ls¯ug Y%S ,xldjg
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103
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

ta wkqj" uqΩ ú≥,sn, W;amdokhg c, ú≥,sh" 3'4 ixLHd igyk

øj bkaOk" .,awÛ=re yd iïm%∞hsl fkdjk úÿ,sn, wxYfha ls%hdldÍ;ajh
mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s m%Nj Ndú;fhka ú≥,sn, jr®Ok
W;amdokfhka ,o ∞hl;ajh ms<sfj<ska ishhg 25 la" YSr®Ih 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd& wkqmd;h ]
2015 2016
ishhg 32 la" ishhg 36 la yd ishhg 8 la úh'
ia:dms; Od˙;dj ^fu.dfjdÜ& 3,847 4,018 -2.2 4.4
fï w;r" ,x'ú'u'g wh;a ú≥,s n,d.dr uqΩ ú≥,sn, c, ú≥,sn,h ^we& 1,377 1,384 0.0 0.5
W;amdokhg ±lajQ ∞hl;ajh 2015 jifr® ° øj bkaOk ^wE& 1,115 1,215 -8.2 9.0
jdr®;d jQ ishhg 79'4 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° .,aw`.=re 900 900 0.0 0.0
idïm%∞hsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh
ishhg 76'5 la olajd my< .sfhah' fmr jirj, ° n,Yla;sh ^b& 455 519 3.3 14.1
fukau" 2016 jifr® ° o uqΩ ú≥,sn, W;amdok ckkh l< tall ^.s.dfjdÜ meh& 13,090 14,149 5.9 8.1
wjYH;djfha b;s˙ fldgi iajdëk ú≥,sn, c, ú≥,sn,h ^we& 4,904 3,481 35.0 -29.0
øj bkaOk ^wE& 2,275 4,461 -47.1 96.1
ksIamdolhkaf.ka ñ, ° .kakd ,°' fï w;r" ú≥,s .,aw`.r
= e 4,443 5,047 38.8 13.6
iïfm%aIK /yeka jeä†hqKq ls¯u u.ska iïfm%aIK idïm%∞hsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh

3
ydksh wvq ls¯ug .;a mshjr fya;=fjka" uqΩ ú≥,sn, n,Yla;sh ^b& 1,467 1,160 20.5 -20.9

W;amdokhg idfmalaIj iïfm%aIK yd fn∞ye¯fï uqΩ wf,úh ^,x'ú'u'& ^.s.dfjdÜ meh& 11,786 12,785 6.5 8.5
.Dyia: iy wd.ñl 3,943 4,272 10.0 8.3
iuia; ydksh fmr jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ ishhg 10'0 lr®udka; 3,608 3,864 3.1 7.1
yd ii|k l, 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 9'6 la olajd fmd≥ fiajd iy fydag,a ^B& 2,681 2,987 6.4 11.4

wvq úh' ù† wdf,dal ls¯u 108 109 0.0 0.3

,x'ú' iud.u (LECO) 1,446 1,553 6.9 7.4
2016 jifr® uqΩ ú≥,sn, wf,úh 2015 jifr® ,x'ú' iud.fï ú≥,s wf,úfha
° jdr®;d jQ .s'fjd'me' 11"786 g idfmalaIj .s'fjd'me' ixhq;sh ^.s.dfjdÜ meh& 1,352 1,465 6.4 8.4

12"785 la olajd ishhg 8'5 lska by< .sfhah' 2014 .Dyia: iy wd.ñl 565 613 7.2 8.5
lr®udka; 264 276 4.8 4.5
jirg idfmalaIj ±kg mj;sk ú≥,s .dia;= wvq fmd≥ fiajd iy fydag,a ^B& 497 553 6.7 11.3
uÜgul mej;Su miq.sh jirj, ° mej;s ú≥,sn, ù† wdf,dal ls¯u 26 23 0.0 -11.5

wf,úfha by< jr®Okh i|yd m%Odk jYfhka fya;= ,x'ú'u' iïfm%I

a K yd fn∞ye¯fï
iuia; ydksh ^]& 10.0 9.6 -4.5 -4.0
ù we;' uqΩ ú≥,sn, wf,úfhka ishhg 32'6 la
md˙fNda.slhka ixLHdj ^Z000& ^W& 6,170 6,500 4.1 5.3
m˙fNdackh l< zlr®udka;Z wxYfha ú≥,sn, wf,úh bka" .Dyia: iy wd.ñl 5,444 5,732 4.0 5.3
2015 jifr® ° jQ ishhg 3'2 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ldr®ñl 60 62 3.4 2.9
fmd≥ fiajd yd fydag,a ^B& 665 704 5.1 5.9
2016 jifr® ° ishhg 6'9 lska by< .sfhah' 2016
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( ,xld ú≥,sn, uKav,h
jifr® ° zfydag,aZ iy zfmd≥ ldr®hZ wxY úiska uqΩ ^wd& ;djld,sl iSudiys; ,xld ú≥,s
^we& iqΩ m˙udK c, ú≥,s n,d.dr we;=<;a ^mqoa.,sl& iud.u
ú≥,sn, W;amdokfhka ms<sfj<ska ishhg 2'4 la yd fkdfõ'
ishhg 24'2 la m˙fNdackh lf<ah' fï w;r" 2016 ^wE& iajdëk ú≥,sn, ksIamdolhkaf.ka ñ,
° .;a ú≥,sn,h o we;=<;ah'
jifr® ° zfydag,aZ yd zfmd≥ ldr®hZ wxY i|yd ú≥,sn, ^b& iqΩ m˙udK c, ú≥,sn,h we;=<;aj
wf,úh fmr jirg idfmalaIj ms<sfj<ska ishhg ^B& rdcH wxYh i`oyd is≥l< wf,úh o
we;=<;ah'
18'0 l yd ishhg 11'1 l jr®Okhla jdr®;d lf<ah' ^W& iS' i' ,xld ú≥,s ^mqoa.,sl& iud.fï
md˙fNda.slhska o we;=<;aj jr®Ih
2016 jifr® ° uqΩ ú≥,sn, wf,úfhka ishhg 37'8 la wjidkfha °
m˙fNdackh l< z.Dyia;Z wxYh i|yd ú≥,sn,
wf,úh ishhg 8'3 lska by< .sfhah' remsh,a 2'38 la" remsh,a 6'61 la iy remsh,a 24'38 la
úh' ;jo" iajdëk ú≥,sn, ksIamdolhskaf.ka
rfÜ fndfyda m%foaYj, mej;s kshx ;;a;aj
ú≥,s tallhla ñ, ° .ekSu i|yd ,x'ú'u' úiska
ksid jifr® fojk Nd.fha ° c, ú≥,sn, W;amdokh
ork ,o idudkH ms˙jeh remsh,a 24'64 la úh'
wvq ùu m%Odk jYfhka fya;= fldgf.k 2016
ta wkqj" ú≥,s tallhla W;amdokh ls¯u i|yd
jifr® ° ,x'ú'u' uQ,H l%shdld˙;ajh ms˙ySug
,x'ú'u' úiska úl=Kqï wka;fha ° ork ,o idudkH
,la úh' fkdfrdÉfpdaf,a .,awÛ=re n,d.drfha ms˙jeh remsh,a 18'08 la o" ú≥,s tallhla i|yd
is≥ jQ ì|jeàï o 2016 jifr® ° ;dm ú≥,sn, wh l< iuia; idudkH .dia;=j remsh,a 16'18 la o
W;amdok wjYH;dj by< hEu i|yd hï muKlg jQ w;r" ta wkqj" úl=Kqï wka;fha ° ú≥,s tallhla
∞hl úh' 2016 jifr® ° c, ú≥,s" .,awÛ=re yd i|yd ±¯ug is≥ jQ w,dNh remsh,a 1'90 la
øj bkaOk ú≥,sn, tallhla W;amdokh i|yd úh' ,x'ú'u' úiska .Dyia:" fmd≥ ldr®h" rdcH"
,x'ú'u' úiska ork ,o idudkH ms˙jeh ms<sfj<ska lr®udka; iy fydag,a wxYj,ska ú≥,s tallhla

104
 wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï

i|yd wh l< idudkH .dia;=j ms<sfj<ska remsh,a ú≥,s n,d.dr jHdmD;sfha yd fn%daâ,kaâ c, ú≥,s
13'41 la" remsh,a 23'94 la" remsh,a 18'25 la" remsh,a jHdmD;sfha b†ls¯ï lghq;= l%shd;aul fjñka mej;s
14'62 la iy remsh,a 17'69 la úh' ;djld,sl uQ,H w;r" fuu ú≥,s n,d.dr ms<sfj<ska 2018 jir ueo
o;a;j,g wkqj" 2015 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 19'4 l Nd.fha ° iy 2019 jir ueo Nd.fha ° cd;sl
n≥j,g fmr ,dNhla jdr®;d l< ,x'ú'u'" 2016 ú≥,sn, moaO;shg tla ls¯ug wfmalaId flfrhs'
jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 13'2 l w,dNhla jdr®;d fuhg wu;rj" .sx .Û c, ú≥,s n,d.drh ^fu'fjd'
lf<ah' c, ú≥,sn, W;amdokh wvq ùu ksid øj 20&" fudr.ylkao c, ú≥,s n,d.drfha tall ;=kla
bkaOk ú≥,sn, W;amdok wjYH;dj by< hEu ^tl;=j fu'fjd' 25&" fudrf.d,a, c, ú≥,s n,d.drh
fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® ° øj bkaOk i|yd ,x'ú'u' ^fu'fjd' 30'5& iy ukakdru iq<x ú≥,s n,d.drh
úiska ork ,o ms˙jeh remsh,a ì,shk 50'1 la olajd ^fu'fjd' 100& hk jHdmD;s b†ls¯ug w∞< uQ,sl
ishhg 116'6 lska by< .sfhah' fï w;r" 2016 jir jevlghq;= l%shd;aul fjñka mej;=◊' ;jo"
wjidkfha ° ,x'ú'u' jd◊c nexl= u.ska ,nd.;a m%Odk ;dm ú≥,s n,d.dr ú≥,sn, moaO;shg tla
fláld,Sk Kh iy ,x'L'kS'ix' yd iajdëk lrk f;la" ue†ld,Skj by< hk n,Yla;s

3
ú≥,sn, ksIamdolhska i|yd f.ùug we;s wfkl=;a b,aÆu imqrd,Su i|yd ;dm ú≥,s n,d.dr folla
fláld,Sk j.lSï m%udKh jir ;=< ° remsh,a ia:dms; ls¯ug ie,iqï lr we;' ta wkqj" ol=Kq
ì,shk 91'7 la olajd remsh,a ì,shk 35'7 lska by< m<d; ;=< fu'fjd' 170 l Od˙;djlska hq;=
.sh w;r" m%Odk jYfhka nexl= wxYhg yd rchg ±úf;,a oykfhka ú≥,sh W;amdokh lrk
f.úh hq;= fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s †.= ld,Sk j.lSï n,d.drhla b†flfrk w;r" th 2017 jifr® °
m%udKh 2016 jir wjidkfha ° remsh,a ì,shk ú≥,sn, W;amdokh wdrïN lrkq we;' fuhg
284'5 la olajd remsh,a ì,shk 21'6 lska my< .sfhah' wu;rj" flrj,msáh m%foaYfha fu'fjd' 300 l
Od˙;djlska hq;= iajNdúl jdhq ixfhda‚; pl%Sh
rg ;=< ú≥,sn, m%fõYh by< kexùu i|yd
ú≥,s n,d.drhla b†ls¯ug wfmalaIs; w;r" tys ir,
2016 jifr® ° mshjr lsysmhla wkq.ukh lrk ,°'
pl%h yd ixfhda‚; pl%h ms<sfj<ska 2019 ° yd 2020 °
rgmqrd ishhg 100 l ú≥,sn, m%fõYhla ,nd °u wdrïN ls¯ug wfmalaIs;h' b†flfrñka mj;sk
i|yd wvq wd∞hï,dNS mjq,aj,g iyk∞hS .dia;= yd b†ls¯ug kshñ; m%Odk ú≥,s n,d.dr u.ska
hgf;a ú≥,sn,h iemhSfï wruq◊ka rch úiska iuia;hla f,i jir 2020 jk úg fu'fjd' 757'5 la
zrgu t<shhs - w∫r ≥r,hsZ jevigyk wdrïN cd;sl ú≥,sn, moaO;shg tla ls¯ug wfmalaId
lrk ,°' ,x'ú'u' ;djld,sl o;a;j,g wkqj" 2015 flfrhs' fuhg wu;rj" 2016 jir wjidk jk úg
jir wjidkfha ° ishhg 98'5 la jQ rfÜ ú≥,sn, fu'fjd' 288 l Od˙;djlska hq;= iïm%∞hsl fkdjk
m%fõYh" 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg ishhg 99'3 la mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s jHdmD;s .súiqï 105 la i|yd
olajd by< .sfhah' 2016 jir ;=< ° Wud Th c, ,x'ú'u' w;aika ;nd we;'
3'4 rEm igyk Y%S ,xld iqks;H n,Yla;s wêld˙h" ,x'ú'u'
úÿ,sn,h ( idudkH msßjeh yd idudkH .dia;=j iy ,xld ú≥,s ^fm!oa'& iud.u iuÛ tlaj ú≥,sn,
35 yd mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s wud;HdxYh úiska 2016

30 jifr® ° ziQr®h n, ix.%duhZ kñka kj m%cd uQ,sl
tallhl ñ, ^remsh,a&

25 ú≥,sn, W;amdok jHdmD;shla †h;a lrk ,°' ksjdi"

20 wd.ñl ia:dk" jHdmd˙l ia:dk iy lr®udka;j,
15 iajhx - ú≥,sn, W;amdokh m%jr®Okh ls¯u fuu
10
jHdmD;sfha wruqK fõ' uE; ld,Skj" mqkr®ckkSh
n,Yla;s m%Nj Ndú;fhka ú≥,sn, W;amdokh
5
m%jr®Okh ls¯u flfrys rcfha fukau fm!oa.,sl
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 wxYfha wdfhdaclhkaf.a o wjOdkh m%Odk jYfhka
c, ú≥,sh ^w& .,aw`.=re ^w& øj bkaOk ^w& fhduq ù we;' ziQr®h n, ix.%duhZ jHdmD;sh hgf;a"
iïm%∞hsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh m%Nj ^l=vd m˙udK c, ú≥,sh
we;=<;aj& ^w&
j,x.= ú≥,s .sKqula ysñ ´kEu ksjil fyda
idudkH ms˙jeh idudkH ms˙jeh idudkH .dia;=j
ia:dkhl ysñlrejl= iQr®h n,h W;amdokh i|yd
^W;amdok wka;h& ^úl=Kqï wka;h& n,m;%hla ,nd .ekSfï wjYH;djfhka ksoyia
^w& W;amdok wka;fha idudkH msrsjeh flfr®' ;jo" ish m˙fNdack uÜgu blaujd iQr®h
uQ,h( ,xld ú≥,sn, uKav,h n,h W;amdokh lrk ksfjiaj, w;s˙la; iQr®h

105
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
n,h cd;sl ú≥,sn, moaO;shg wf,ú ls¯ug fyda
miq m˙fNdackh i|yd ;ekam;a lr ;nd .ekSug
yelshdj we;' ish ú≥,sn, m˙fNdackh wkqj" Y=oaO
ukqlrKh" Y=oaO .sKqïlrKh iy fkÜ ma,ia
^l=vd iQr®h n,Yla;s ksIamdol& hk l%u w;˙ka
md˙fNda.slfhl=g ;uka jvd;a leue;s úl,amh
f;dard .; yelsh' 2017 ckjd˙ ui 13 jk †k isg
l%shd;aul jk m˙† tjeks ú≥,s md˙fNda.slhkag"
ú≥,sn, fn∞ye¯ï moaO;sfha we;sjk wiajdNdúl
fjda,aàh;d iy l,d m%;Hdjr®;k (phase reversals)
fya;=fjka ú≥,s WmlrKj,g is≥jk ydks
fjkqfjka jka† ysñjkq we;' fuu jevigyk
hgf;a" jir 2020 jk úg fu'fjd' 200 la yd jir
3
2025 jkúg fu'fjd' 1"000 la iQr®h n,h Tiafia
cd;sl ú≥,sn, moaO;shg tla ls¯ug wfmalaId
flfrhs'
2016 jifr® ° uqΩ ú≥,sn, W;amdokhg
idïm%∞hsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s m%Nj
u.ska ±lajQ ∞hl;ajh ishhg 8 l uÜgfï mej;s◊'
flfia fj;;a" ksjdi yd jHdmd˙l wdh;k /
ila úiska iajdëkj ls%hd;aul jk mqkr®ckkSh
n,Yla;s ú≥,s W;amdok m%Nj Ndú;h l%ufhka
by< kexùu fya;=fjka uqΩ ú≥,sn, W;amdokhg
idïm%∞hsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s ú≥,s
W;amdokh u.ska ,ndfok ienE ∞hl;ajh fuhg
jvd by< w.hl mej;sh yelsh' rfÜ mqkr®ckkSh
n,Yla;s m%Nj jeä jYfhka ;sridr f,i Ndú;h
m%jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd il%Shj lghq;= lrk Y%S ,xld
iqks;H n,Yla;s wêld˙h" idïm%∞hsl mqkr®ckkSh
n,Yla;s iïm;a jd◊c uÜgfï jHdmD;s f,i
jeä†hqKq ls¯u fõ.j;a ls¯u wruqKq lr .ksñka
cd,.; mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s jHdmD;s i|yd
n,m;% yd ;djld,sl wkque;Ska ksl=;a ls¯ug
mshjr f.k we;' 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg" iqΩ
m˙udK c, ú≥,s n,d.dr jHdmD;s 172 la" iq<x
ú≥,s n,d.dr 15 la"ffcj-ialkaO ú≥,s n,d.dr
kjhla yd iQr®h ú≥,s n,d.dr myla wdrïN lr we;s
w;r" tu.ska ms<sfj<ska fu'fjd' 342'2 la" fu'fjd'
128'5 la" fu'fjd' 24'1 la yd fu'fjd' 21'4 la cd;sl
ú≥,sn, moaO;shg tlalr we;' ta wkqj" 2016 jifr® °
mqkr®ckkSh m%Nj Ndú;fhka W;amdokh l<
ú≥,sn, m%udKh .s'fjd'me' 1"160 la úh' kshduk
ue†y;aùï is≥ ls¯u yd fiajd wxYfha n,Yla;s
ldr®hlaIu;dj Yla;su;a ls¯u ms<sn|j wjOdkh
fhduq lrñka Y%S ,xld iqks;H n,Yla;s wêld˙h
úiska n,Yla;s ixrlaIK jevigyka lsysmhla
l%shd;aul lrk ,°' fuhg wu;rj" wdishdkq
106
ixjr®Ok nexl=fõ uQ,H iyfhda.h iys;j
Y%S ,xld iqks;H n,Yla;s wêld˙h úiska wdrïN
lr we;s msheis u; iQr®h n, W;amdok jHdmD;sh
iy j;= wdY%s;j laIqø c, kùlrKh yd kej;
n,.ekaùfï jHdmD;sh hk m%Odk jHdmD;s fol
fï jkúg l%shd;aul fjñka mj;S' úfYaIfhkau"
±˙h yels ñ, .Kka hgf;a uqΩ rggu wLKav
ú≥,sn, iemhqula ,nd°u iïnkaOfhka ú≥,sn,
lafIa;%h wNsfhda. /ilg uqyqK md we;s w;r"
ú≥,sn, W;amdokh i|yd wdkhkh lrk ,o
bkaOk u; ±ä f,i hemSug is≥ùu ksid we;s
jk whym;a n,mEï wju ls¯ug rch úiska
b,lal ilia lr we;' ta wkqj" fmdis, bkaOk
wdkhkh i|yd úl,amhla f,i" jir 2020 jk
úg cd,.; ú≥,sn, W;amdokfhka ishhg 20 la
kj mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s m%Nj Ndú;fhka
W;amdokh ls¯u rcfha b,lalh fõ' úúO n,Yla;s
ixrlaIK l%shdudr®. ;=<ska jir 2020 jk úg uqΩ
ú≥,sn, m˙fNdackh ishhg 10 lska muK wvq
ls¯ug o rch b,lal lrhs'
rfÜ n,Yla;s iqrlaIs;;dj jeä†hqKq ls¯u
i|yd iqΩ m˙udK c, ú≥,sh yd iQr®h n,h we;=<;a
idïm%∞hsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s m%Nj
Ndú;fhka ú≥,sn, W;amdokhg fhduq ùu jeo.;a
jqj o" by< hk b,aÆu imqrd,Su i|yd ,x'ú'u'ys
ú≥,sn, W;amdok Od˙;d moku mqΩ,a ls¯u wjYH
fõ' ld,.=◊l idOl u; úp,kh jk c, ú≥,sn,
W;amdokh u; hemSu wvq ls¯u u.ska rfÜ n,Yla;s
iqrlaIs;;dj by< kexúh hq;=j we;' flfia fj;;a"
m%Odk jYfhkau lr®udka; wxYfha by< hk
n,Yla;s b,aÆu imqrd,Su iy fm!oa.,sl wxYfha
wdfhdack i|yd myiqlï ie,iSfï wruq◊ka
±˙h yels ñ, .Kkaj,g n,Yla;s iemhqï
,nd .ekSu u.ska rfÜ n,Yla;s iqrlaIs;;dj by<
kexúh hq;=h' ú≥,sn, W;amdok uQ,dY% mqΩ,a ls¯u
i|yd fukau ú≥,sn, W!K;d fya;=fjka we;s
úh yels iudc fkdikaiqka;dj wju ls¯u i|yd
M,∞hS kshduk iy jvd ys;lr m%;sm;a;s mej;Su
jeo.;a fõ' rfÜ n,Yla;s iqrlaIs;;dj i|yd ishÆ
mdr®Yajlrejka tlaj l%shd;aul ùu wjYH fõ'
;jo" wvq ms˙jeh ú≥,sn, W;amdokh flfrys
wjOdkh fhduq lrñka ú≥,sn, W;amdok moku
;j≥rg;a Yla;su;a l< hq;= w;r" Wm˙u b,aÆula
we;s wjia:dj, ° we;s úh yels wm.ukhka c,
ú≥,sn, W;amdokh ;=<ska imqrd,sh hq;=h' fuu
;;a;ajh hgf;a" ,x'ú'u' ú≥,sn, W;amdokh mqΩ,a
ls¯fï ie,iqug wkqj cd;sl ú≥,sn, moaO;sh

;=< uyd m˙udK ú≥,s n,d.drhla ia:dms; ls¯u
w;HjYH fõ' by< ms˙jehla iys; øj bkaOk
Ndú;fhka ú≥,sn, W;amdokh u; hemSu wvq ls¯u
;=<ska ,x'ú'u' uQ,H ;;a;ajh jeä†hqKq ls¯ug;a"
fláld,Skj yd ue† ld,Skj n,Yla;s iqrlaIs;;dj
;yjqre ls¯ug;a fuh fya;= jkq we;'
ud¾. ixj¾Okh
rch u.ska há;, myiqlï u; is≥ l< rdcH
wdfhdack w;r udr®. ixjr®Okh iy m%;sixialrKh
i|yd wLKavj m%uqLia:dkhla ysñ úh' 2016 jir
;=< ° udr®. ixjr®Ok wêld˙h u.ska wêfõ.S
udr®. ixjr®Okh i|yd remsh,a ì,shk 49'3 la o"
uydudr®. ixjr®Okh i|yd remsh,a ì,shk 43'3 la o
jeh l< w;r" udr®. mqΩ,a ls¯u iy jeä†hqKq ls¯u
fjkqfjka remsh,a ì,shk 10'9 la o jehlrk ,°'
ta w;ru" 2016 jir ;=< ° udr®. ixjr®Ok wêld˙h
u.ska md,ï iy .=jka md,ï b†ls¯u i|yd remsh,a
ì,shk 10'6 la o" kdh hEï iy .xj;=r jeks
iajdNdúl wdm∞j,ska ydks jQ udr®. ms<silr ls¯ug
remsh,a ñ,shk 118 la o jeh fl˙◊' tneúka" 2016
jifr® ° udr®. yd md,ï i|yd udr®. ixjr®Ok
wêld˙h úiska wdfhdackh l< uqΩ uqo, remsh,a
ì,shk 114'2 la úh' i,ld n,k jir ;=< udr®.
ixjr®Ok wêld˙h u.ska kv;a;= l< cd;sl uyd
udr®. ^ta mka;sfha iy î mka;sfha& iy wêfõ.S
udr®.j, uqΩ †. ms<sfj<ska lsf,daógr 12"210 la iy
lsf,daógr 169'84 la úh'
2016 jir ;=< °" foaYSh iy úfoaYSh uQ,H
∞hl;ajfhka udr®. b†ls¯fï" m%;sixialrK
yd kv;a;= ls¯fï jHdmD;s lsysmhla l%shd;aul
úh' wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=fõ uQ,HdOdr we;sj
taldnoaO udr®. (i-ROAD) jevigyk l%shd;aul jQ
w;r tys wruqK jkafka ol=Kq" inr.uqj" uOHu"
W;=re ueo" jhU iy niakdysr m<d;aj, we;s
f;dard.;a .%dóh iy cd;sl udr®. m%;sixialrKh
ls¯uhs' fuf,i m%;sixialrKh l< udr®." taldnoaO
udr®. jevigyk hgf;a f;jirl ld,hla
wksjdr®hfhkau kv;a;= ls¯u is≥ fõ' fuu taldnoaO
udr®. jevigyk i|yd wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=j
u.ska t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 800 l nyqjd˙l uQ,H
myiqlula (Multi-tranche Financing Facility) ,nd °
we;s w;r" tu.ska 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg jd˙l
;=kla hgf;a t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 407 la imhd
we;' Y%S ,xld rch o t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 106 la
wdfhdackh lrñka taldnoaO udr®. jevigyk
i|yd ∞hl ù we;' ta wkqj" 2016 jir ;=< °
wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï
f;dard.;a †ia;%slalj, udr®. m%;sixialrKh ls¯u
i|yd remsh,a ì,shk 16'9 la jeh lrk ,°' Ök
ixjr®Ok nexl=fjys uQ,H ∞hl;ajfhka l%shd;aul
flfrk m%uqL;d udr®. jHdmD;sh u.ska wjOdkh
fhduq lr we;af;a m%uqL;d mokula hgf;a cd;sl
uydudr®. cd,fha f;dard.;a fldgia m%;sixialrKh
ls¯ughs' 2015 jifr® ° m%uqL;d udr®. jHdmD;sh-1
iy m%uqL;d udr®. jHdmD;sh-2 wjika lr ;snQ w;r"
fï jkúg m%uqL;d udr®. jHdmD;sh-3 ys m<uq w†hr
l%shd;aul fjñka mj;S' m%uqL;d udr®. jHdmD;sh-3 ys
m<uq w†hr i|yd Ök ixjr®Ok nexl=j u.ska t'c'
fvd,r® ñ,shk 300 la ,nd ° we;' W;=re iy W;=re
ueo m<d;aj, ta mka;sfha udr®. lsf,daógr 128'5 la
3
iy î mka;sfha udr®. lsf,daógr 41'4 la we;=<;aj
lsf,daógr 169'9 l †.lska hq;a cd;sl uydudr®.j,
m%;sixialrK yd jeä†hqKq ls¯ï is≥ l< W;=re
udr®. iïnkaO;d jHdmD;sh 2016 jir ;=< °
ksu lrk ,°' W;=re udr®. iïnkaO;d jHdmD;sh
hgf;a cd;sl uydudr®. i|yd jeh l< iïmQr®K
uqo, t'c fvd,r® ñ,shk 145'85 la jQ w;r" thska
ishhg 89 la wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=j fj;ska
imhd we;s w;r rcfha ∞hl;ajh ishhg 11 la úh'
W;=re udr®. iïnkaO;d jHdmD;sh i|yd ,nd≥ka
Kh uqo,ska t'c fvd,r® ñ,shk 20 la w;s˙la;
ùu fya;=fjka" W;=re udr®. iïnkaO;d - w;sfr®l
uQ,Hk jHdmD;sh hgf;a wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=j
u.ska ,ndfok uQ,H wkq.%yh by< kxjk f,i
rch úiska b,a,Sula lrk ,°' ta wkqj" 2016 jir
;=< ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 133'5 l úhoulska ta
mka;sfha udr®. lsf,daógr 61'2 la iy î mka;sfha
udr®. lsf,daógr 56'2 la o we;=Ωj lsf,daógr 118 l
†.lska hq;a uydudr®. m%;sixialrKh flreKs'
fuhg wu;rj" udr®. há;, myiqlïj,
foaY.=◊l n,mEïj,g Tfrd;a;= °fï yelshdj
jeä ls¯u i|yd f,dal nexl=j u.ska t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 36 l uqo,la zfoaY.=◊l n,mEï wju
ls¯fï jHdmD;shZ hgf;a udr®. ixjr®Ok wêld˙h
fj; ,nd ° we;s w;r" fuu jHdmD;sfhka ie,lsh
hq;= fldgila fï jkúg wjika ù we;' ;jo"
cmdkh" m%xYh" Tiaá%hdj" fi!† wrdìh" tlai;a
ckmoh" lafõÜ iy cd;Hka;r ixjr®Okh i|yd jQ
Tfmla wruqo, iuÛ we;s lr.;a oaúmdr®Yaúl uQ,H
.súiqï Tiafia md,ï b†ls¯fï iy m%;sixialrKh
ls¯fï jHdmD;s lsysmhla 2016 jir ;=< ° l%shd;aul
lrk ,°' fld<U-lgqkdhl wêfõ.S udr®.h yryd
fld<U k.rhg we;=Ωjk wêl r:jdyk m%udKh
fya;=fjka we;sjk ;onoh úisrùu iy wju ls¯u
i|yd mE,shf.dv ° le,◊ .Û yryd kj md,ula
107
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
b†ls¯ug ie,iqï lr we;' fuu jHdmD;shg w∞<
uQ,sl ldr®hhka 2016 jir ;=< ° wjika flreKq
w;r" md,u b†ls¯fï lghq;= 2017 uehs udih jk úg
wdrïN flfrkq we;' †ia;%slal lsysmhl lsf,daógr
157 l .%dóh udj;a mqkere;a:dmkh ls¯fï wruqK
we;sj u.ke.=u .%dóh udr®. ixjr®Ok jHdmD;sh
2016 jifr® ° l%shd;aul jQ w;r" jir wjidkh
jk úg tu jHdmD;sfha fN!;sl m%.;sh ishhg
56 la úh'
kj wêfõ.S udr®. lsysmhl b†ls¯fï lghq;=
2016 jir ;=< ° o wLKavj l%shd;aul úh' ud;r
isg yïnkaf;dg olajd olaIsK wêfõ.S udr®.h °r®>
ls¯fï jHdmD;sfha b†ls¯ï lghq;= 2016 jir ;=< ° o
3
wLKavj l%shd;aul jQ w;r" 2019 jir jk úg
fuu jHdmD;sh wjika ls¯ug kshñ;h' fuhg
wu;rj" oUq,a, iy lvj; hd lrñka b†flrk
lsf,daógr 168'7 l †.ska hq;= uOHu wêfõ.S
udr®.h b†ls¯u i|yd bvï w;am;a lr .ekSfï
lghq;= o l%shd;aul fjñka mej;s◊' fmd;=yer iy
.,f.or hd flfrk wêfõ.S udr®. fldgila o
fuu jHdmD;shg we;=<;a fõ' ;jo" msg; jgrjqï
uydudr®. jHdmD;sfha f;jk w†hrg wod< bvï
w;am;a lr .ekSu" isú,a jev fldka;%d;a;=j"
wëlaIK WmfoaYkh iy iólaIK yd lafIa;%
m¯laId lghq;= fuu jir ;=< ° l%shd;aul úh'
msg; jgrjqï uydudr®. jHdmD;sfha f;jk w†hr
hgf;a flrj,msáh wka;r® yqjudrefõ isg lvj;
wka;r® yqjudrej olajd jQ uydudr®. fldgi b†
flfrkq we;' fï w;r" ±kg l%shd;aul jk
wêfõ.S udr®. u.ska 2016 jir ;=< ° remsh,a
ì,shk 7'0 l wd∞hula Wmhk ,o w;r 2015
jir ;=< ° ,o wd∞hu remsh,a ì,shk 5'3 la úh'
2016 jir ;=< ° olaIsK wêfõ.S udr®.fha .uka
.;a uqΩ r:jdyk ixLHdj ñ,shk 10'4 la olajd
ishhg 33'8 lska by< .sfhah' ;jo" 2016 jifr® °
olaIsK wêfõ.S udr®.fhka Wmhk ,o wd∞hu
remsh,a ì,shk 3'2 la jQ w;r" fuh miq.sh jir
yd ii|k úg ishhg 29'0 l jr®Okhls' 2016
jir ;=< ° fld<U - lgqkdhl wêfõ.S udr®.fha
.uka.;a r:jdyk ixLHdj ñ,shk 8'8 la olajd
2015 jirg idfmalaIj ishhg 17'0 lska jr®Okh jQ
w;r" tu.ska ,enQ uqΩ wd∞hu remsh,a ì,shk 2'5 la
olajd ishhg 15'5 lska by< .sfhah' 2015 iy 2016
jirj, °" msg; jgrgqï uydudr®.fha .uka.;a
uqΩ r:jdyk ixLHdj ms<sfj<ska ñ,shk 2'3 la iy
ñ,shk 5'9 la úh' fï wkqj" i,ld n,k jir
;=< ° msg; jgrjqï uydudr®.fhka bmehQ wd∞hu
remsh,a ì,shk 1'4 la jQ w;r" fuh fmr jirg
108
idfmalaIj ishhg 104'1 l jr®Okhls' wêfõ.S
udr®. Ndú;fha wLKav jr®Okh ;=<ska u.Skaf.a
l%h Yla;sh iy fujeks wêfõ.S udr®. cd, i|yd
f.úug we;s by< leue;a; ms<sìUq lrhs' tneúka"
ishÆu m%Odk k.r iy m%foaY hd lrñka rg mqrd
ldr®hlaIu udr®. cd, moaO;shla b†ls¯u i|yd
rdcH fm!oa.,sl yjq,ald˙;aj Tiafia w;sfr®l
wêfõ.S udr®. b†ls¯u ms<sn|j YlH;d wOHhk
is≥ ls¯u jeo.;a fõ'
2016 jir ;=< °" udr®. wdrlaIdj iy m%Odk
k.rj, r:jdyk ;onoh wju ls¯u i|yd mshjr
lsysmhla .kakd ,°' rdc.s˙h uxikaêfha iy
fmd,a.yfj, yd .fKauq,a, ≥ï˙h yria udr®.
yryd .=jka md,ï b†ls¯fï lghq;= 2016 jir ;=< °
l%shd;aul úh' fuhg wu;rj" fld˙hdkq cd;Hka;r
iyfhda.s;d ksfhda‚;dh;kfha (KOICA) uQ,HdOdr
iys;j fld<U kd.˙l l,dmh ;=< †hqKq r:jdyk
l<ukdlrK moaO;shla msysgqùu i|yd ;dlaI◊l
iydh ,ndfok jHdmD;shla jir ;=< ° l%shd;aul
úh' r:jdyk ;onoh wju lr" udr®. wdrlaIdj
iy fmd≥ m%jdyk myiqlï jeä†hqKq ls¯u u.ska
fld<U kd.˙l l,dmfha wdr®:ßl lghq;=j,g
iydh ùu fuu jHdmD;sfha wruqK fõ' ±kg
fuu jHdmD;sh iúia;rd;aul ksr®udK w†hfr®
mj;sk w;r" ±kg mj;akd r:jdyk ;onoh yd
fld<U k.rfha r:jdyk l<ukdlrKhg we;s
yelshdj ms<sn|j ie,lSfuka wk;=rej r:jdyk
l<ukdlrK Wmdhudr®. ilia flfrkq we;'
;jo" 2016 jir ;=< ° rg mqrd úúO ia:dkj,
m†lhkag wdf,dal ix« l%shd lrúh yels m†l
udre (pelican crossings) iy r:jdyk ix« mqjre o
ia:dmkh lrk ,°'
ud¾.ia: u.S m%jdykh
rg mqrd m%jdyk myiqlï iemhSfï ° fmd≥
udr®.ia: u.S m%jdykh wLKavj jeo.;a
ldr®hNdrhla bgq lf<ah' 2016 jifr® ° Y%S ,xld
.ukd.uk uKav,fha ^Y%S ,x'.'u'& uqΩ Odjk
lsf,daógr m%udKh lsf,daógr ñ,shk 451'5 la
olajd fmr jirg idfmalaIj ishhg 2'5 lska by<
.sh w;r" uqΩ u.S lsf,daógr m%udKh lsf,daógr
ì,shk 16'1 la olajd ishhg 6'1 lska by< .sfhah'
2016 jifr® ° fm!oa.,sl niar:j, Odjk lsf,daógr
m%udKh lsf,daógr ñ,shk 1"030'5 la olajd 2015
jirg idfmalaIj ishhg 1'8 lska by< .sh w;r"
u.S lsf,daógr m%udKh lsf,daógr ì,shk 52'1 la
olajd ishhg 2'0 lska by< .sfhah' fï w;r" rcfha

iy fm!oa.,sl wxYfha niar: fufyhqï i|yd 2016
wf.daia;= ui 01 jk †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙†
jdr®Isl nia .dia;= ixfYdaOkh is≥ lrk ,°' ta
wkqj" wju nia .dia;=j remsh,a 8'00 isg remsh,a
9'00 olajd by< kxjñka nia .dia;= ishhg yhlska
by< ouk ,°'
2016 jir ;=< ° Y%S ,x'.'u'g wh;a uqΩ
nia r: m%udKh iqΩ jYfhka wvq jqj o" Y%S
,x'.'u' fukau fm!oa.,sl wxYfha o nia r:
fufyhqï by< .sfhah' h,amek .sh mer◊
nia r: bj;a ls¯u i|yd 2016 jir ;=< °
Y%S ,x'.'u' úiska fjkafoais ud,djla is≥ lrk
,°' tys m%;sM,hla f,i" 2016 jir wjidkh jk
úg Y%S ,x'.'u' i;= uqΩ nia r: ixLHdj 7"781 la
olajd nia r: 266 lska wvq úh' jir ;=< °
mj;sk nia r: m%;sixialrKh iy wÆ;ajeähdj
i|yd Y%S ,x'.'u' úiska remsh,a ñ,shk 1"069 la
jeh lrk ,o w;r" tu úhou uQ,Hkh
ls¯u i|yd uyd NdKavd.drh úiska remsh,a
ñ,shk 800 la ,nd fok ,°' óg wu;rj"
Y%S ,x'.'u' nia r: m%udKh by< kexùfï wruq◊ka
m%jdyk yd isú,a .=jka fiajd wud;HdxYh úiska
läkï jHdmD;shla wdrïN l< w;r" ta hgf;a
niar: 87 la m%;sixialrKh fl˙◊' kj nia
r: .uka jdr y∫kajd °u;a" ñka fmr kj;d
oud ;snQ we;eï .uka jdr kej; wdrïN ls¯u;a
fya;=fjka Y%S ,x'.'u' úiska †klg Odjkh lrk
,o nia r: ixLHdfõ idudkHh 2015 jifr® °
Odjkh jQ 5"284 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° 5"315 la
olajd by< .sfhah' fm!oa.,sl wxYh i;= nia r:
m%udKh 2015 jifr® ° mej;s 19"397 g idfmalaIj
19"614 la olajd by< .sh w;r" †klg Odjkh lrk
,o fm!oa.,sl nia r: ixLHdfõ idudkHh fmr
jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ 16"942 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® °
17"131 la olajd by< .sfhah' cd;sl .ukd.uk
fldñIka iNdj úiska fm!oa.,sl nia r: i|yd
ksl=;a lrk ,o wka;r®-m<d;a .uka n,m;% ixLHdj
3"114 isg 2016 jifr® ° 3"212 la olajd by< .sh
w;r" m<d;a ;=< Odjkh i|yd ksl=;a l< .uka
n,m;% ixLHdj 16"503 isg 16"322 la olajd wvq úh'
†<s∫ yd wmyiq;dj,ska fmf<k ck
fldgiaj,g m%jdyk myiqlï iemhSu i|yd
cd;sl .ukd.uk fldñIka iNdj wLKavj
lghq;= lf<ah' fm!oa.,sl wxYh úiska imhkq
fkd,nk iud„h i;aldrl m%jdyk fiajd iemhSu
i|yd cd;sl .ukd.uk fldñIka iNdj úiska
Y%S ,x'.'u' hgf;a isiq ie˙h" .eñ ie˙h yd ksis
ie˙h jevigyka wLKavj mj;ajd f.k hk ,°'
wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï
ta wkqj" mdi,a isiqkag myiqlï ie,iSu i|yd
2016 jir wjidkh jk úg isiq ie˙h nia fiajd
1"299 la l%shd;aul fjñka mej;=◊' ;jo" úêu;a
m%jdyk udOH fkdue;s .%dóh m%foaYj,g ,dNodhS
yd úYajikSh m%jdyk fiajd iemhSu i|yd 2016
jir wjidkh jk úg .eñ ie˙h nia fiajd
10 la l%shd;aul fjñka mej;=◊' óg wu;rj" rd;%S
ld,fha yd ysñ†˙ W≤ik .uka .kakd u.Skag
úYajikSh iy wdrlaIs; m%jdyk myiqlï ie,iSu
i|yd 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg ksis ie˙h nia
fiajd 123 la o l%shd;aul úh' ta wkqj" 2016 jir
;=< ° msgfldgqj uOHu nia r: kej;=ïmf<a isg
wdrïN jk rd;%S k.rdka;r .uka jdr 29 la kej;
wdrïN ls¯ug mshjr f.k we;'
3
2016 jifr® ° Y%S ,x'.'u' uQ,H l%shdld˙;ajfhys
uOHia: jr®Okhla jdr®;d úh' 2016 jir ;=< °
Y%S ,x'.'u'ys uqΩ wd∞hu remsh,a ì,shk 40'9 la olajd
fmr jirg idfmalaIj ishhg 14'2 l jr®Okhla
jdr®;d lf<ah' uqΩ wd∞hug ishhg 65'6 l muK
∞hl;ajhla iemhQ u.S .uka .dia;=j,ska ,o wd∞hu
2015 jirg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 7'4 lska
by< .sfhah' fufyhqï úhou o remsh,a ì,shk
42'0 la olajd ishhg 3'6 lska by< .sfhah' ta
fya;=fjka" Y%S ,x'.'u' 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l<
remsh,a ì,shk 4'7 l fufyhqï w,dNhg idfmalaIj
2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 1'1 l fufyhqï
w,dNhla jdr®;d lf<ah'
2016 jir ;=< ° rch i;= nia fiajdj,
ldr®hlaIu;dj by< kexùu i|yd mshjr
lsysmhla f.k ;snqK o" fmd≥ ck;djg ms˙jeh
M,∞hS" úYajikSh iy wdrlaIs; m%jdyk udOHhla
iemhSu i|yd rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl nia r: m%jdyk
lafIa;%j, ie,lsh hq;= m%;sixialrK is≥ ls¯u
wjYH fõ' 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg Y%S ,x'.'u'
i;=j bf,lafg%dksl m%fõY m;% ksl=;a ls¯fï hka;%
7"500 la mej;s w;r" i,ld n,k ,o jir ;=< °
kj hka;% 3"800 la muK ñ, ° f.k we;' ta
wkqj" fuu kj bf,lafg%dksl m%fõY m;% ksl=;a
ls¯fï hka;% ñ, ° .ekSu i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk
115'0 la fjka lrk ,°' fï w;r" Y%S ,x'.'u' yd
≥ï˙h w;r taldnoaO fiajd Yla;su;a ls¯u i|yd
YlH;d wOHhk is≥lr we;' ±kg" tla tla fmd≥
m%jdyk udOHh iajdëkj l%shd;aul jk w;r" tu
udOH w;r iïnkaO;dj b;d iSñ;h' fuu wka;r®
iïnkaO;djfhys mj;sk iSñ; nj iuia; m%jdyk
moaO;sfha ldr®hlaIu;dj wvq ùug fya;= fõ' tys
m%;sM,hla f,i" úfYaIfhkau kd.˙l m%foaYj,
u.Ska ish fm!oa.,sl m%jdyk udOH Ndú; ls¯ug
109
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

keUqrejk w;r" th ±ä r:jdyk ;onohlg" 493"328 la olajd ishhg 26'2 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i
bkaOk kdia;shlg yd m˙ir ¥IKhg fya;= fõ' wvq úh' 2016 jifr® ° NdKav m%jdyk jdyk iy
tneúka" taldnoaO ld, igyka yd úúO m%jdyk bvï jdyk yereKq fldg wfkl=;a ishÆu jdyk
udOHj,g w∞<j taldnoaO l%uhlg m%fõYm;% jr®. ,shdm†xÑh wvq úh' fï w;r" oaú;aj ldr®h
ksl=;a ls¯u" úls”u yd wf,úlrKh u.ska jdyk iy ;%Sfrdao r: ,shdm†xÑh fmr jirg
tlsfkl yd taldnoaO jQ m%jdyk fiajd iemhSfuka idfmalaIj ms<sfj<ska ishhg 31'9 lska yd ishhg
iuia; fiajd iemhqu jeä†hqKq jkq we;' flfia 56'0 lska my< .sh w;r" fudagr® r: ,shdm†xÑh
fj;;a" fï i|yd furg m%jdyk myiqlï ishhg 57'2 lska wvq úh' niar: kj ,shdm†xÑh o
imhk úúO wdh;k w;r ±ä iyfhda.hla yd 2015 jirg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 35'1 l
iïnkaëlrKhla wjYH fõ' ;jo" u.Skaf.a m†xÑ my< hEula jdr®;d lf<ah'
ia:dk yd m%jdyk flakaøia:dk tlsfkl iïnkaO
ls¯fï wruq◊ka" ≥ï˙h ia:dk jeks úúO m%jdyk ÿïßh m%jdykh
flakaøia:dkj, jdyk kj;d ;eîfï myiqlï Y%S ,xld ≥ï˙h fiajh ^Y%S ,x'≥'fia'& 2016 jifr®

3
ia:dms; l< hq;=h' ° ish fufyhqï lghq;=j, l%ñl jeä†hqKq ùula
2016 jifr® ° jdyk ,shdm†xÑh my< .sfhah' jdr®;d lf<ah' .dia;= idfmalaIj wvq uÜgul mej;Su"
jdyk wdkhkh u; n,mdk n≥ ixfYdaOkh ls¯u" udr®. ;onoh by< hEu iy W;=re m<d; olajd ≥ï˙h
t'c' fvd,rhg idfmalaIj remsh, wjm%udKh fiajd mqΩ,a ls¯u fya;=fjka ≥ï˙h u.S lsf,daógr
ùu" uy nexl=j úiska l%shd;aul lrk ,o idr®j- m%udKh 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< lsf,daógr
úplaIK m%;sm;a;s yd fmd,S wkqmd;sl l%ufhka ñ,shk 7"407 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° lsf,daógr
by< hEu" kj jdyk ,shdm†xÑh my< hEu i|yd ñ,shk 7"413 la olajd ishhg 0'1 lska iqΩ jYfhka
fya;= úh' 2015 jifr® ° idr®j-úplaIK mshjrla by< .sfhah' fï w;r" .,awÛ=re m%jdykh wdrïN
f,i" uy nexl=j" jdyk ñ, ° .ekSfï ° nexl= yd ls¯u iy f;,a yd isfuka;s m%jdykh by< hEu
uQ,H wdh;k úiska ,nd fok Kh yd w;a;sldrï uQ,slj fya;=fldg f.k NdKav lsf,daógr m%udKh
j,g w∞<j jákdlu u; Kh wkqmd;h (Loan to 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< fuá%la fgdka lsf,daógr
Value Ratio) ishhg 70 l Wm˙uhlg iSud ls¯ug ñ,shk 130 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° fuá%la fgdka
l%shd lf<ah' furgg kj jdyk wdkhkh iSud lsf,daógr ñ,shk 140 la olajd ishhg 7'6 lska
ls¯fï wruq◊ka fuu idr®j-úplaIK m%;sm;a;sh by< .sfhah'
l%shd;aul lrk ,°' tys m%;sM,hla f,i" kj jdyk ≥ï˙h há;, myiqlï jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd
,shdm†xÑh 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 55'7 l 2016 jifr® ° l%shdudr®. lsysmhla f.k we;' fn,a‚hï
ie,lsh hq;= by< hEug idfmalaIj" 2016 jifr® ° rcfha uQ,HdOdr u; l%shd;aul jk fn,a‚hï md,ï
jHdmD;sh hgf;a kj md,ï m%;sia:dmkh ls¯ug
3'5 rEm igyk
Y%S ,x'≥'fia' úiska mshjr .kakd ,°' fuu jHdmD;sh
fudag¾ r: kj ,shdmÈxÑh
hgf;a" 2016 jifr® ° je,a,j;a;" wÛ=,dk iy
70,000
lgqf.dv m%foaYj, md,ï ;=kla m%;sia:dmkh l<

60,000 w;r" 2017 jifr® ° ;j;a md,ï y;rla m%;sia:dmkh
50,000 ls¯ug wfmalaId flfr®' fld<U w.k.rfha
40,000
iy ;∞ikak m%foaYj, ≥ï˙h fiajd jeä†hqKq
ixLHdj

ls¯fï wruq◊ka wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=j yd

30,000
tlaj Y%S ,x'≥'fia' úiska fld<U ;∞ikak ≥ï˙h
20,000 jHdmD;sh i|yd YlH;d wOHhkhla is≥ ls¯ug
10,000 uQ,sl mshjr .kakd ,°' ≥ï˙h udr®. kùlrKh
0
yd jeä†hqKq ls¯u" ix« yd ú≥,s ixfoaY há;,
myiqlï jeä†hqKq ls¯u iy ;∞ikak ≥ï˙h udr®.
ck-12
wfm%a-12
cQ,s-12
Tla-12
ck-13
wfm%a-13
cQ,s-13
Tla-13
ck-14
wfm%a-14
cQ,s-14
Tla-14
ck-15
wfm%a-15
cQ,s-15
Tla-15
ck-16
wfm%a-16
cQ,s-16
Tla-16

úoHq;kh ls¯u i|yd fld<U ;∞ikak ≥ï˙h

h;=reme† fudagr® r: ;S%frdao r:
jHdmD;sh hgf;a fõhkaf.dv iy mdk≥r w;r
wfkl=;a ^niar:" oaú;aj ldr®h jdyk" NdKav m%jdyk jdyk yd
bvï jdyk we;=<;ah& ≥ï˙h udr®.hg w∞< YlH;d wOHhkh ±kg
uQ,h( fudagr® r: m%jdyk fomdr®;fïka;j
= is≥ flfrñka mj;S' fld<U ;∞ikak ≥ï˙h

110
 wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï

jHdmD;sh hgf;a fõ.j;a yd kùk u.S ≥ï˙h ñ, °
.ekSu" ≥ï˙h tka‚ka yd ue†˙ kv;a;= myiqlï
kùlrKh ls¯u iy f;dard.;a ≥ï˙h ia:dk
jeä†hqKq ls¯u u.ska wfkl=;a fmd≥ m%jdyk udOH
iuÛ wka;r® iïnkaO;djh by< kexùu i|yd
myiqlï iemhSug wfmalaId flfr®' ;jo" ,xld
.,awÛ=re ^mqoa.,sl& iud.u iuÛ rdcH fm!oa.,sl
yjq,ald˙;aj .súiqula hgf;a ;%sl=Kdu,fha isg
fkdfrdÉfpdaf,a olajd .,awÛ=re m%jdyk lghq;=
wdrïN ls¯ug 2016 jifr® ° Y%S ,x'≥'fia' úiska
mshjr .kakd ,°' fï w;r" 2016 jifr® ° Y%S ,x'≥'fia'
úiska uykqjr - fmardfo◊h w;r iy le,◊je,s
≥ï˙h udr®.fha fr®,a niar: fiajd y∫kajd fok
jeä ls¯fï wruq◊ka Y%S ,x'≥'fia' kj ≥ï˙h
tka‚ka yd ue†˙ lsysmhla ñ, ° .ekSug
lghq;= wdrïN lf<ah' udr®.ia: u.S m%jdykh
ksrka;rfhka ±ä udr®. ;onohlg ,laùu"
bkaOk wmf;a hEulg iy Y%u meh .Kk wvq
ùug fya;= jk ksid b†˙ ld,h ;=< ° m%jdykh
i|yd úl,am udOH y∫kajd °u w;HjYH fõ'
tneúka" m%jdykh i|yd by< hk b,aÆu imqrd,Su
i|yd mj;sk ≥ï˙h moaO;sh kùlrKh ls¯u"
≥ï˙h udr®. wdjrKh mqΩ,a ls¯u iy ≥ï˙h fiajfha
ldr®hlaIu;dj yd úYajikSh;ajh jeä†hqKq ls¯u
w;HjYH fõ'
2016 jir ;=< ° Y%S ,x'≥'fia'ys uQ,H ;;a;ajh

3
,°' óg wu;rj" wfkl=;a m%jdyk udOHj,g uOHia: jYfhka jeä†hqKq úh' Y%S ,x'≥'fia'ys uqΩ
idfmalaIj ≥ï˙h u.ska is≥ lrk .ukd.ukh wd∞hu remsh,a ì,shk 6'6 la olajd ishhg 4'6 lska
by< .sh w;r" f;,a ñ, .Kka wvq uÜgul
3'5 ixLHd igyk
mej;Su fya;=fjka jr®;k úhou remsh,a ì,shk
.ukd.uk wxYfha uQ,sl ,laIK 13'4 la olajd ishhg 4'6 lska my< .sfhah' wd∞hu
jr®Ok by< hEu iy úhou wvq ùu fya;=fjka Y%S ,x'≥'fia'ys
wkqmd;h ]
YSr®Ih 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
2015 2016 fufyhqï w,dNh 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ remsh,a
1' fudagr® r: kj ,shdm†xÑ ls¯u ì,shk 7'7 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a
^ixLHdj& 668,907 493,328 55.7 -26.2 ì,shk 6'8 la olajd my< .sfhah' W;=re
nia r: 4,140 2,685 7.5 -35.1 m<d; olajd ≥ï˙h fiajd mqΩ,a ls¯fï lghq;=
fudagr® r: 105,628 45,172 172.4 -57.2
;S% frdao r: 129,547 56,945 63.9 -56.0
wjika ùu m%Odk jYfhka fya;= fldgf.k
oaú;aj ldr®h jdyk 39,456 26,887 89.7 -31.9 Y%S ,x'≥'fia'ys m%d.aOk úhou o fmr jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ
h;=re me† 370,889 340,129 35.9 -8.3 remsh,a ì,shk 30'4 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® °
NdKav m%jdyk jdyk 7,142 7,563 39.5 5.9
bvï jdyk 12,105 13,947 33.3 15.2
remsh,a ì,shk 15'7 la olajd ishhg 48'4 lska
2' YS% ,xld ≥ï˙h fiajh
my< .sfhah' fï w;r" 2016 jifr® ° ≥ï˙h .dia;=
Odjk lsf,daógr® ^Z000& 11,797 12,102 6.5 2.6 fkdfjkiaj mj;ajd .ekSug rch ;SrKh lf<ah'
u.S lsf,daógr® ^ñ,shk& 7,407 7,413 8.3 0.1
NdKav fgdka lsf,daógr® ^ñ,shk& 130 140 -0.3 7.6 isú,a .=jka fiajh
uqΩ wdodhu ^re' ñ,shk& 6,335 6,623 7.2 4.6
fufyhqï úhou ^re' ñ,shk& 14,049 13,396 -17.1 -4.6
2016 jifr® ° isú,a .=jka fiajd wxYh ie,lsh
fufyhqï w,dNh ^re' ñ,shk& 7,714 6,773 -30.1 -12.2 hq;= jr®Ok m%jK;djla fmkakqï lf<ah' ixpdrl
3' YS% ,xld .ukd.uk uKav,h meñ”ï by< hEu fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® °
Odjk lsf,daógr® ^ñ,shk& 440 452 18.6 2.5 nKavdrkdhl cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqm<
u.S lsf,daógr® ^ñ,shk& 15,210 16,144 19.6 6.1 u.ska yiqrejk ,o uqΩ .=jka u.Ska ixLHdj
uqΩ wdodhu ^re' ñ,shk& 35,825 40,928 6.4 14.2
ñ,shk 9'5 la olajd ishhg 11'9 lska by< .sfhah'
fufyhqï úhou ^re' ñ,shk& 40,555 42,004 14.2 3.6
fufyhqï w,dNh ^re' ñ,shk& 4,730 1,076 154.1 -77.2
2016 jifr® ° nKavdrkdhl cd;Hka;r .=jka
f;dgqm< úiska" .=jkahdkd w;r udre jk u.Ska
4' YS,
% xlka .=jka fiajh
mshdir lrk ,o meh .Kk 96,494 96,225 -0.8 -0.3
ñ,shk 1'4 la we;=Ωj" rgg meñfKk .=jka
u.S lsf,daógr® m%udKh ^ñ,shk& 12,747 12,855 0.2 0.8 u.Ska ñ,shk 4'9 la iy ráka msg;ajk .=jka
u.Ska megùfï wkqmd;h ^]& 80 81 1.0 0.1 u.Ska ñ,shk 4'7 la yiqrejk ,°' ;jo" ld,
nr megùfï wkqmd;h ^]& 50 56 -2.9 11.5 igykg wkqj l%shd;aul jQ .=jkahdkd fufyhqï
NdKav m%jdykh ^fu'fgd' Z000& 103 108 7.5 5.0
58"790 la yd ld, igykska msg; l%shd;aul jQ
fiajd kshlq ;
a h
s ^ixLHdj& 7,020 7,020 1.7 0.0
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( fudagr® r: m%jdyk fomdr®;fïka;=j
.=jkahdkd fufyhqï 5"903 lao we;=<;aj .=jkahdkd
^wd& ;djld,sl YS% ,xld ≥ï˙h fiajh fufyhqï 64"693 la nKvdrkdhl cd;Hka;r
YS% ,xld .ukd.uk uKav,h
YS% ,xld isú,a .=jka fiajd wêld˙h .=jka f;dgqm< úiska yiqrejk ,°' 2016 jifr® °

111
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
nKavdrkdhl cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqm< úiska
yiqrejk ,o uqΩ .=jka NdKav m%udKh fuá%la
fgdka 253"941 la jQ w;r" th fmr jirg idfmalaIj
ishhg 18'1 l jr®Okhls' fld<U olajd ysud,hd
.=jka fiajfha iy hqlafr®k cd;Hka;r .=jka
fiajfha jd◊c .=jka .uka jdr wdrïN ls¯u
fukau" KLM rdclSh fkor®,ka; .=jka fiajfha
jd◊c .=jka .uka jdr kej; wdrïN ls¯u iuÛ
2016 jir ;=< ° nKavdrkdhl cd;Hka;r .=jka
f;dgqmf<a .=jka .uka cd,h ;j≥rg;a mqΩ,a úh'
u;a;, rdcmlaI cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqm< fmr
jifr® ° yiqrejk ,o .=jkahdkd 884 g idfmalaIj
2016 jifr® ° .=jka hdkd 916 la yiqrejk ,°' 2015
3
jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ .=jka u.Ska 2"739 g idfmalaIj
fuu jir ;=< ° u;a;, rdcmlaI cd;Hka;r .=jka
f;dgqfmd< Ndú; l< u.Ska ixLHdj 4"772 la úh'
2016 jir wjidkfha ° isú,a .=jka fiajd wxYh
;=< l=,S .=jka fiajd kjhla" Y%S,xlka .=jka fiajh
yd NdKav m%jdyk .=jka fiajd ;=kla we;=Ωj
cd;Hka;r .=jka fiajd 37 la l%shd;aul jQ w;r"
foaYSh .=jka fiajd y;l fufyhqï o l%shd;aul úh'
ñyska ,xld .=jka fiajh 2016 Tlaf;danr® udifha °
ish fufyhqï kj;d ouk ,o w;r" tys ishÆ .=jka
udr®. wvq ms˙jeh .=jka fufyhqï ;;a;ajfha isg
mQr®K fiajd imhk fufyhqï ;;a;ajhg Wiia
lrñka Y%S,xlka .=jka fiajh úiska ñyska ,xld
.=jka fiajfha .=jka .uka jdr mjrd .kakd ,°'
.=jkahdkd kv;a;=j iy l,an≥ i|yd w∞<
ms˙jeh by< hEu m%Odk jYfhka fya;= fldgf.k
Y%S,xlka .=jka fiajfha fufyhqï úhou 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d l< remsh,a ì,shk 4'9 g idfmalaIj 2016
jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 14'1 la olajd by< .sfhah'
3'6 rEm igyk
.=jka u.S yd .=jka NdKav yeisrùï
10
9
8
7
6 wdia;rKh ls¯u" mj;sk neyereï m: mqΩ,a ls¯u"
ñ,shk
5 150
4
3
2 moaO;sh ia:dms; ls¯u iy mj;sk ..kdx.kfha
1 .=jkahdkd kj;ajk fldgi kùlrKh ls¯u
0
2012 2013 2014
u.S yeisrùï fjk;a .=jkahdkd
fj; udrejk u.Ska
uQ,h( YS% ,xld isú,a .=jka fiajd wêld˙h
112
2016 jifr® ° Y%S,xlka .=jka fiajh úiska oYl folla
mqrd Ndú; l< tka‚ka y;rlska hq;= wjidk A340
thdr®nia .=jkahdkh" bkaOk mss˙ueiqï∞hl"
kùk" wÆ;au oaú;aj tka‚ka A330 - 300 .=jkahdkd
follska m%;sia:dmkh lf<ah' fuhg wu;rj"
ñyska ,xld fiajfha .=jkahdkd folla o Y%S,xlka
.=jka fiajhg tlalrk ,°' 2015 jifr® ° ,nd.;a
.=jka hdkdj,g w∞< kv;a;= yd l,an≥ úhou"
2016 jifr® ° iïmQr®Kfhka ±¯ug Y%S,xlka .=jka
fiajhg is≥ jQ w;r" 2015 jirg idfmalaIj 2016
jir ;=< ° by< fufyhqï úhoula yd ie,lsh hq;=
fufyhqï w,dNhla ,eîug th fya;= úh' 2016 jir
wjidkh jk úg Y%S,xlka .=jka fiajfha .=jkahdkd
we◊h mqΩ,a n| iys; .=jkahdkd 13 lska iy mgq n|
iys; .=jkahdkd wglska iukaú; úh' A330 - 300
.=jkahdkd y;la" A330 - 200 .=jkahdkd yhla" A320
.=jkahdkd yhla iy A321 .=jkahdkd folla thg
we;=<;a úh' ±jeka; w,dN ,nk .=jka fiajhla
rcfha uqo,a m%jdyh u.ska wruqo,a imhñka mj;ajd
f.k hEu rcfha whjeh u; úYd, mSvkhla
we;s lrhs' tneúka" m%d.aOkh iemhSu iy Kh
ia:dhslrK wjYH;djhg úi∫ï fiùug;a" tu.ska
rcfha whjeh u; we;s mSvkh bj;a ls¯ug;a"
Wmdhudr®.sl yjq,alrejl= tlalr .ekSu i|yd
Y%S,xlka .=jka iud.u iïnkaOfhka .kq ,nk
l%shdudr®. idr®:l lr.; hq;=j we;'
nKavdrkdhl cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqmf<aa
myiqlï jeä†hqKq ls¯ug iy tys Od˙;dfõ mj;sk
iSud wvq ls¯u i|yd tu .=jka f;dgqm< kùlrKh
ls¯u yd mqΩ,a ls¯u i|yd jk ie,iqï l%shd;aul
úh' .=jka fufyhqï iqrlaIs;j mj;ajd f.k hEu
iy .=jkahdkd Odjk m:fha u;=msg ;;a;ajh
jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd nKavdrkdhl cd;Hka;r
.=jka f;dgqmf<a .=jkahdkd Odjk m:h kej;
wdia;rKh ls¯u i|yd 2016 jifr® m<uq Nd.fha °
,xiq le|jk ,°' nKavdrkdhl cd;Hka;r .=jka
300
f;dgqmf<a ±kg mj;sk .=jkahdkd Odjk m:h
250 mqΩ,a ls¯u yd kej; wdia;rKh ls¯u" mj;sk
200
iudka;r neyereï m:fha W;=re fldgi kej;
fu'fgd' Z000
läkï kj neyereï m: yd kj w;=re neyereï
100 m: b†ls¯u" kj .=jka lafIa;% ìï wdf,dallrK
50
2015 2016
0 fuu jHdmD;shg we;=<;a fõ' kej; wdia;rKh
ls¯fï lghq;= i|yd nKavdrkdhl cd;Hka;r
NdKav fufyhqï .=jka f;dgqmf<a .=jkahdkd Odjk m:h 2017
^ol=Kq wlaIh&
jifr® ckjd˙ udifha 06 jeks †k isg wfm%a,a
udifha 05 jeks †k olajd fm'j' 8'30 isg m'j' 4'30
 wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï

olajd jid ;nk ,°' flfia fj;;a" ixfYdaê; 3'6 ixLHd igyk
fufyhqï ld,iSudj ;=< fufyhqï is≥ l< yels jrdh fiajd ls%hdldÍ;ajh
ishÆ .=jka .uka jdr kj ld, igyklg wkqj jr®Ok
ilia lrk ,°' tys m%;sM,hla f,i" .=jkahdkd wkqmd;h ]
YSr®Ih 2015 2016 ^w&
2015 2016
Odjk m:h kej; wdia;rKh lrk ld, iSudj
1' meñ◊ keõ ixLHdj 4,728 4,998 10.9 5.7
;=< nKavdrkdhl cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqm< fld<U 4,197 4,405 12.2 5.0
úiska fufyhjkq ,nk úfoaYSh .=jka fiajdj, .d,a, 72 96 20.0 33.3
.=jka .uka jdrj,ska ishhg 8'6 la iy Y%S,xlka ;sl
% K
= du,h 164 216 29.1 31.7
yïnkaf;dg 295 281 -11.9 -4.7
.=jka fiajfha .=jka .uka jdrj,ska ishhg 17'3 la
2' fufyhjk ,o NdKav
muKla wj,x.= ls¯ug is≥ úh' fuhg wu;rj" m%udKh ^fu'fgd' Z000& 77,579 86,519 4.3 11.5
cmdk fhka ñ,shk 45"428 l wdfhdackhla fld<U 73,718 81,879 4.1 11.1
.d,a, 542 771 37.5 42.4
hgf;a nKavdrkdhl cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqmf<a ;sl
% K
= du,h 3,027 3,514 10.2 16.1
fojk mr®hka;h b†ls¯fï lghq;= 2017 jifr® ° yïnkaf;dg 293 355 -38.3 21.2

3
wdrïN lr 2020 olajd is≥ ls¯ug ie,iqï lr 3' nyÆ fufyhqï m%udKh
we;' meñ”fï yd msgùfï m%fõY isria w;g ^TEUs ’ 000& ^wd& 5,185 5,735 5.7 10.6

ia:r follg fjkajk m˙† b†jk u.S mr®hka; 4' nyÆ m%;skeõ.; ls¯ï
^TEUs ’ 000& ^wd& 3,967 4,435 4.9 11.8
folla we;=<;a uy,a lsysmhlska iukaú; mr®hka;
f.dvke.s,a,la b†ls¯u i|yd .=jka f;dgqm< yd 5' fiajl ixLHdj ^we& 9,550 9,651 -0.5 1.1
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( YS% ,xld jrdh wêld˙h
.=jka fiajd ^Y%S ,xld& iud.u iy cmdk cd;Hka;r ^wd& TEUs = wä úiaig iudk nyÆ tall
iyfhda.s;d ksfhda‚;dh;kh (JICA) w;r 2016 ^we& YS% ,xld jrdh wêld˙h i|yd mu◊

udr®;= udifha ° iyk∞hS Kh .súiqulg w;aika

;eì◊' nKavdrkdhl cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqmf<a
fojk mr®hka;fha b†ls¯ï lghq;= wjika ùfuka
wk;=rej" tys ±kg mj;sk jdr®Islj .=jka u.Ska
ñ,shk 6 la yeisrùfï Od˙;dj ñ,shk 15 la olajd
by< hkq we;'
jrdh fiajd
fld<U cd;Hka;r nyÆ mr®hka;fha iy ol=Kq
wdishdkq msúiqï mr®hka;fha fufyhqï by< hEu
uQ,sl jYfhka fya;= fldg f.k" nyÆ" m%;skeõ.;
ls¯ï iy NdKav fufyhùïj,ska iukaú; jQ jrdh
wdY%s; fiajdj, iuia; l%shdld˙;ajh 2016 jifr® °
jeä†hqKq úh' uqΩ nyÆ fufyhqï m%udKh 2015
jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ wä úiaig iudk nyÆ tall
ñ,shk 5'2 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° wä úiaig
iudk nyÆ tall ñ,shk 5'7 la olajd ishhg
10'6 lska by< .sfhah' Y%S ,xld jrdh wêld˙fha
^Y%S ,x'j'w'& chd nyÆ mr®hka;h u.ska fyda
ol=Kq wdishdkq msúiqï mr®hka;h u.ska yeisrúh
fkdyels" ±jeka; nyÆ keõ fld<U cd;Hka;r
nyÆ mr®hka;h úiska yiqrejk ,°' fld<U
cd;Hka;r nyÆ mr®hka;h iy ol=Kq wdishdkq
msúiqï mr®hka;h úiska fufyhjk ,o uqΩ
nyÆ m%udKh fmr jirg idfmalaIj ms<sfj<ska
ishhg 28'2 lska iy ishhg 19'0 lska by< .sfhah'
flfia fj;;a" Y%S ,x'j'w'ys mQr®K ysñld˙;ajh
hgf;a mj;sk chd nyÆ mr®hka;h iy hqksá
nyÆ mr®hka;h úiska 2016 jifr® ° fufyhjk
,o nyÆ m%udKh 2015 jirg idfmalaIj ishhg
6'8 lska my< .sfhah' 2016 jifr® nyÆ m%;skeõ.;
ls¯ï m%udKh fmr jirg idfmalaIj ishhg 11'8
lska jr®Okh úh' fï w;r" fufyhjk ,o uqΩ
NdKav m%udKh fmr jifr® jdr®;d l< ishhg
4'3 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° fuá%la
fgdka ñ,shk 86'5 la olajd ishhg 11'5 lska
by< .sfhah' fld<U jrdfha fld<U cd;Hka;r
nyÆ mr®hka;h iy ol=Kq wdishdkq msúiqï
mr®hka;h úiska fufyhjk ,o NdKav m%udKh
ms<sfj<ska ishhg 26'6 lska iy ishhg 25'5 lska
by< hEu" fufyhjk ,o uqΩ NdKav m%udKh
by< hEu i|yd m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' 2016
jifr® ° Y%S ,x'j'w' i;= mr®hka; u.ska fufyhjk
,o NdKav m%udKh fmr jirg idfmalaIj ishhg
1'8 lska my< .sfhah'
ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmfha iuqøh
S uOHia:dkhla
f,i ke.S isàug Y%S ,xldjg we;s úNj;dj M,∞hS
f,i Wmfhdackh ls¯fï wruq◊ka 2016 jifr® °
Y%S ,xldfõ jrdhka ixjr®Okh ls¯u i|yd mshjr
lsysmhla l%shd;aul fl˙◊' rdcH fm!oa.,sl
yjq,ald˙;ajh ;=<ska fld<U jrdfha kef.kysr
nyÆ mr®hka;h ixjr®Okh ls¯u i|yd wdishdkq
ixjr®Ok nexl=j yd Y%S ,x'j'w' tlaj 2016 fmnrjd˙

113
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
3'7 rEm igyk
ny¨ fufyhqï" m%;skeõ.; lsÍï iy
keõ meñŒï
6,000
wä úiaig iudk nyÆ tall ^z000&
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0 0
2012 2013 2014
3
uqΩ nyÆ m%;skeõ.;
fufyhqï ls¯ï
udifha ° WmfoaYl fiajd .súiqulg w;aika ;nk
,°' 2016 cqks udifha ° jHdmD;sh i|yd leue;a;
m%ldY ls¯ug (EOI) fmd≥ ksfõokhla ksl=;a
lrñka fuu rdcH fm!oa.,sl yjq,ald˙;ajh i|yd
mQr®j fhda.H;d lghq;= wdrïN lrk ,°' fï jk
úg" wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=fõ iydh we;sj rch
úiska tu leue;a; m%ldY ls¯fï wh≥ïm;a we.hSfï
lghq;= is≥ lrñka isà' fï w;r" by; ° fld<U
jrdh k.r jHdmD;sh f,i kï lr ;snQ" fld<U
uQ,H k.rfha b†ls¯ï lghq;= 2016 udr®;= udifha °
h<s wdrïN fl˙◊' fhda‚; jrdh k.r ixjr®Ok
jHdmD;shg w∞< há;, myiqlï ixjr®Okh i|yd
uydk.r yd niakdysr ixjr®Ok wud;HdxYh
2017 jir fjkqfjka remsh,a ñ,shk 94 la muK
fjkalr we;' fuhg wu;rj" lr®udka; yd jrdh
wdY%s; wdr®:ßlh" nyq-udOH m%jdyk moaO;s" kd.˙l
ixjr®Okh yd wkq.; ùu iy wkd.; jrdh
ixjr®Ok lghq;= ms<sn|j ie,ls,a,g ,la lrñka"
jrdh há;, myiqlï m%Yia; f,i ixjr®Okh
ls¯u wruqKq lrf.k Y%S ,xldfõ cd;sl jrdhka
i|yd m%Odk ie,eiaula ilia ls¯ug wdishdkq
ixjr®Ok nexl=fõ iydh we;sj Y%S ,x'j'w' úiska
mshjr .kakd ,°' fuu m%Odk ie,eiau u.ska"
Y%S ,x'j'w' m%;sjHqy.; ls¯u we;=Ωj" ishÆ jrdhka
wdjrKh flfrk w;r" Lksc f;,a yd iajdNdúl
jdhq fufyhqï iy u.S fk!ld fufyhqïj,g
w∞<j ke.S tk jHdmd˙l lghq;= fukau m%jdyk
wxYfha ixjr®Ok i,iqï i|yd o úi∫ï ysñjkq
we;'
yïnkaf;dg jrdfha msysàfï we;s jdish mQr®K
jYfhka m%fhdackhg .ekSug rdcH fm!oa.,sl
yjq,ald˙;ajhla hgf;a w;sfr®l wdfhdack
is≥ls¯u wjYH fõ' f,dj ldr®hnyq,;u kdúl
114
m%jdyk udr®. we;=<;a m%Odk cd;Hka;r kdúl
udr®. ixêia:dkhl yïnkaf;dg jrdh msysgd
we;' m%foaYfha bvï iq,N;dj" N+f.da,Sh msysàu
6,000 iy ixjr®ê; udr®. cd,hla mej;Su fya;=fjka"
5,000
ldr®ñl jrdhla f,i ixjr®Okh ls¯fï wruqK
we;sj yïnkaf;dg jrdh ixjr®Okh ls¯u wdrïN
4,000
fl˙◊' jrdh l%shdldrlï jr®Okh ls¯ug
ixLHdj
3,000 m%udKj;a ;rï jrdh wdY%s; lr®udka; f.dvke.S
2,000
fkdue;s ùu" yïnkaf;dg jrdfha ≥r®j, uQ,H
l%shdld˙;ajh i|yd n,md we;s m%Odk fya;=jls'
1,000 tneúka" rdcH fm!oa.,sl yjq,ald˙;aj hdka;%Khla
;=<ska yïnkaf;dg jrdh wdY%s;j lr®udka;Yd,d
2015 2016
msysgqùu i|yd úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack wdlr®IKh
meñ◊ keõ
^ol=Kq wlaIh& lr .ekSug mshjr .ekSu" yïnkaf;dg jrdfha
l%shdld˙;ajh jeä†hqKq ls¯ug fya;= jkq we;s w;r"
uQ,h( YS% ,xld jrdh wêld˙h
ldr®ñl jrdhla jYfhka tys we;s úNj;djfhka
Wm˙u M, fk,d .ekSug o bv i,ikq we;' 2010
jifr® ° jrdh fufyhqï wdrïN ls¯fï mgka
yïnkaf;dg jrdfha uQ,H l%shdld˙;ajh ≥r®j,
uÜgul mej;s◊' yïnkaf;dg jrdh 2015 jifr® °
n≥j,g fmr jdr®;d l< remsh,a ì,shk 18'8 l
w,dNhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° n≥j,g fmr
remsh,a ì,shk 10'9 l w,dNhla jdr®;d lf<ah'
yïnkaf;dg jrdfha ≥r®j, uQ,H l%shdld˙;ajh
fya;=fjka tu jHdmD;sfha uQ,H YlH;dj wj∞kug
,la ù we;s w;r" Y%S ,x'j'w'ys iuia; uQ,H m%.;sh
flfrys o n,mEï t,a, lr we;' tneúka" fuu
jrdhg idr®:l jHdmd˙l wdlD;shla iy ldr®hlaIu
l<ukdlrKhla we;s ls¯u i|yd rdcH fm!oa.,sl
yjq,ald˙;ajhla y∫kajd °u w;HjYH fõ'
2016 jifr® ° Y%S ,x'j'w'ys uQ,H l%shdld˙;ajh
jeä†hqKq úh' ;djld,sl uQ,H m%ldYkj,g wkqj"
Y%S ,x'j'w' 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< remsh,a ì,shk
14'2 l n≥j,g fmr w,dNhg idfmalaIj 2016
jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 1'0 l n≥j,g fmr ,dNhla
jdr®;d lf<ah' 2016 jifr® ° Y%S ,x'j'w'ys wd∞hu
remsh,a ì,shk 43'0 la olajd ishhg 7'0 lska by<
.sh w;r" fufyhqï úhou remsh,a ì,shk 28'7 la
olajd fmr jirg idfmalaIj ishhg 7'5 lska my<
.sfhah' flfia fj;;a" Y%S ,x'j'w' úfoaYhkaf.ka
,nd.;a úYd, Kh m%udKhla we;s neúka"
úksuh wkqmd; úp,kh ksid Y%S ,x'j'w'ys uQ,H
l%shdld˙;ajhg n,mEula we;s fõ' 2016 jifr® °"
úfoaY úksuh w,dNhg fmr ,dNh remsh,a ì,shk
11'1 la jQ w;r" úfoaY úksuh w,dNh remsh,a ì,shk
10'0 la úh' wfkla w;g" 2015 jifr® ° úfoaY
úksuh w,dNhg fmr ,dNh remsh,a ì,shk 6'0 la
jqj o" úfoaY úksuh w,dNh remsh,a ì,shk
 wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï

20'2 la úh' foaYSh uqo, wjm%udKh ùu ksid f.úh
hq;= úfoaY Khj, remsh,a jákdlu by< hEu
fya;= fldg f.k úfoaY úksuh w,dN we;s fõ'
c, iïmdokh yd jdßud¾.
k, c, iemhqï iïnkaO;d i|yd jk b,aÆu
by< hEu fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® ° c, iïmdok yd
c,dmjyk wxYh lemSfmfkk jr®Okhla fmkakqï
lf<ah' cd;sl c, iïmdok yd c,dmjyk uKav,h
^cd'c'i'c'u'& .Dyia;" jd◊c yd lr®udka; wjYH;d
i|yd kj c, iemhqï iïnkaO;d 138"750 la ,nd
foñka 2016 jir wjidkh jkúg iuia; c,
iemhqï iïnkaO;d ixLHdj ñ,shk 2'1 olajd
ikSmdrlaIdj iemhSug iy tu fiajd idOdrK
f,i rg mqrd iemhSug rch i;= yelshdj blaujd
f.dia c, iemhqï wjYH;d jr®Okh ù we;' fuu
wjYH;djh imqrñka uyck;djg iqrlaIs; mdkSh
c, myiqlï iemhSfï wruq◊ka" foaYSh iy úfoaYSh
uQ,dY%j,ska ,enQ uQ,H myiqlï fhd∞f.k kj
jHdmD;s 13 la cd'c'i'c'u' 2016 jifr® ° wdrïN lr
we;' fï w;r" 2017 jir ;=< ° m%;s,dNSka 375"915 la
muK b,lal lr.ksñka W;=re ueo" inr.uqj"
niakdysr" W!j iy ol=Kq m<d;a wdjrKh jk
m˙† kj c, iïmdok jHdmD;s yhla wdrïN
ls¯ug o ie,iqï lr we;' ;jo" .x.d c,h ¥IKh
wju ls¯ug iy ù† ldKq wmú;% ùu wvq ls¯ug

3
jHdmD;s lsysmhla l%shd;aul ls¯u u.ska c,h wdY%s;
jr®Okh ls¯ug iu;a úh' fï iuÛska" 2016 jifr® °
frda.dndO we;sùu wju ls¯ug cd'c'i'c'u' wLKavj
iuia; c, iemhqï iïnkaO;d m%udKh fmr
lghq;= lf<ah'
jirg idfmalaIj ishhg 7'1 lska jr®Okh úh'
cd'c'i'c'u' u.ska l<ukdlrKh lrkq ,nk 2016 jifr® ° cd'c'i'c'u'fha uQ,H ;;a;ajh
úYd, yd uOH m˙udK c, iemhqï fhdackd l%u jr®Okh úh' ú.Kkh fkdl< ;djld,sl uQ,H
u.ska k, c,h i|yd jk m%fõYh" 2015 jir ;=< ° m%ldYkj,g wkqj" cd'c'i'c'u' 2015 jifr®
mej;s uqΩ ck.ykfhka ishhg 45'9 l uÜgfï ° jdr®;d l< remsh,a ñ,shk 65 l fufyhqï
isg 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 47'7 la olajd by< .sfhah' w,dNhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a
fï w;r" †jhsk mqrd wd∞hï kQmojk c, m%udKh ñ,shk 1"733 l fufyhqï ,dNhla jdr®;d lf<ah'
2015 jir ;=< ° mej;s ishhg 27'3 g idfmalaIj ,nd≥ka kj c, iemhqï iïnkaO;d ixLHdj
2016 jir ;=< ° ishhg 25'6 la olajd wvq úh' ;jo" by< hEu fya;=fjka uqΩ wd∞hu remsh,a ì,shk
fld<U k.rh ;=< wd∞hï kQmojk c, m%udKh 25'1 la olajd ishhg 17'5 lska jr®Okh jqj o"
2015 jir ;=< ° mej;s ishhg 46'2 g idfmalaIj fufyhqï yd kv;a;= ms˙jeh remsh,a ì,shk
2016 jir ;=< ° ishhg 45'7 la olajd wvq úh' 23'3 la olajd ishhg 9'1 lska by< .sfhah' ;jo"
miq.sh oYl lsysmh mqrd c, iïmdok fiajd 2016 jifr® cd'c'i'c'u'fha m%d.aOk úhou remsh,a
wdjrK uÜgu iy .=Kd;aulNdjh ie,lsh hq;= ì,shk 32'7 la jQ w;r" fuh miq.sh jir yd
f,i jr®Okh jqj o" m%udKj;a f,i c,h iy iei£fï ° ishhg 18'7 l jr®Okhls' fï w;r
2016 whjefhka fhdackd l< m˙†" Y%S ,xld uyck
3'7 ixLHd igyk Wmfhda.s;d fldñIka iNdj úiska cd'c'i'c'u'ys
cd;sl c, iïmdok yd c,dmjyk kshdukh Yla;su;a ls¯u i|yd l%shdld¯ ie,eiaula
uKav,h úiska imhkq ,nk c,h ilid we;s w;r" th l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd k.r
jr®Ok ie,iqï yd c, iïmdok wud;HdxYh fj; b†˙m;a
wkqmd;h ] lr we;'
YSr®Ih 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
2015 2016
uqΩ c, iïmdok fhdackd lDIsldr®ñl ksIamdok iy M,∞hS;dj by<
l%u .Kk ^we& 331 337 0.6 1.8 kexùug ∞hl;ajh ,nd°fï wruq◊ka furg
jir ;=< ° imhk ,o kj
c, iïnkaO;d .Kk 121,723 138,750 -2.0 14.0
jd˙udr®. moaO;sh jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd rcfha
imhd we;s uqΩ c, ldr®hNdrh wLKavj l%shd;aul úh' fï i|yd"
iïnkaO;d .Kk ^we& 1,953,721 2,092,471 6.6 7.1 m%Odk j.d ìï wdY%s; lDIsldr®ñl lghq;= i|yd
uqΩ c, ksIm
a dokh m%udKj;a c, iemhqula ,nd°u iy;sl ls¯ug
^>k ógr® ñ,shk& 600 649 4.3 8.2
m%Odk jd˙ fhdackd l%u 20 la i|yd m%;smdok
wdodhï kQmojk c,h ^]&
fjkalr we;' fï w;r" foaY.=◊l úmr®hdij,
fld<U k.rh 46.2 45.7^wE& -1.0 -1.0
iuia; †jhsk 27.3 25.6^wE& -4.3 -6.4
wys;lr n,mEï yels;dla wju ls¯fï iy oreKq
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( cd;sl c, iïmdok yd c,dmjyk uKav,h foaY.=◊l lïmkj,g Tfrd;a;= †h yels m˙† há;,
^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& jir wjidkfha °
myiqlï ixjr®Okh ls¯fï wruq◊ka" jd˙udr®. yd
^wE& weia;fïka;= c, iïm;a l<ukdlrK wud;HdxYh úiska 2014

115
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

jifr® ° wdrïN lrk ,o foaY.=◊l n,mEï wju
ls¯fï jHdmD;sh (CRIP) 2016 jifr® ° o †ia;%slal
kjhl msysá m%Odk jd˙ fhdackd l%u 21 la wdjrKh
lrñka wLKavj l%shd;aul úh' fuu jHdmD;sfha
w;sfr®l uQ,Hk jHdmD;sh hgf;a †ia;%slal wgl
mssysá m%Odk jd˙udr®. jHdmD;s 25 la m%;sixialrKh
ls¯u i|yd ie,iqï ilia flfrñka mj;S'
.xj;=r yd kshÛh iy foaY.=◊l n,mEï ms<sn|
mqfrdal:kh ls¯ug;a ta yd w∞< úYaf,aIKhka
ms<sfh< ls¯ug;a wjYH ±kqu fï jk úg m%udKj;a
fkdjk uÜgul mj;sk neúka" foaY.=◊l n,mEï
i|yd jvd;a fyd¢ka uqyqK †h yels wdr®:ßlhla
f.dvke.Su i|yd wjYH jk Wmdhudr®. ia:dmkh
wxYh iukaú; úh' rch úiska l<ukdlrKh
lrk fi!LH wxYhg w∞< fN!;sl há;,
myiqlï ixjr®Ok jHdmD;s /ila 2016 jir ;=< °
l%shd;aul fjñka mej;=◊' 2016 jir ;=< °
l%shd;aul fjñka mej;s há;, myiqlï ixjr®Ok
jHdmD;s w;rg w∞< wud;HdxY hgf;a md,kh
jk y†is m%;sldr tall jeä†hqKq ls¯u" uyr.u
cd;sl ms<sld wdh;kfha w;s kùk ms<sld jdÜgq
ixlSr®Khla b†ls¯u" Y%S ,xld cd;sl frdayf,a .s,ka
fiajd uOHia:dkhla we;s ls¯u" lΩ;r †ia;%sla uy
frdayf,a idhksl f.dvke.s,a, yd ndysr frda.S
wxY ixlSr®Khla b†ls¯u" o fidhsid ud;D frdayf,a
fkdfïrE <ore tallh mqΩ,a ls¯u iy j;= frday,a

3
ls¯u whym;a foaY.=◊l n,mEï wju ls¯fï ixjr®Okh ls¯u o wh;a úh'
jHdmD;sfha uQ,sl wruqK fõ' ±kg mj;sk m%Odk
jd˙udr®. fhdackd l%u 20 la m%;sixialrKh ls¯u Y%S ,xldj we;eï fndajk frda. wju ls¯fï
i|yd 2016 jifr® ° rch úiska remsh,a ì,shk ° idr®:l;ajhla w;alr f.k we;s kuq;a" fvx.=
11'2 la fjkalrk ,°' jir ;=< °" m%Odk jd˙ jeks fjk;a fndajk frda. lsysmhla md,kh
jHdmD;s i|yd jd˙udr®. fomdr®;fïka;=j jeh ls¯fï ° ;ju;a wNsfhda. /ilg uqyqK mdñka isà'
l< uqo, remsh,a ì,shk 8'3 la jQ w;r" th fmr wLKavj jir ;=kl ld,hla ;=< foaYSh jYfhka
jirg idfmalaIj 4'4 l wvq ùuls' fuu m%Odk lsis≥ uef,a˙hd frda.sfhl= jdr®;d fkdùfuka ±lajQ
jd˙udr®. fhdackd l%u i|yd fhojQ uqo, ;=< hdka idr®:l;ajh fya;=fjka" f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkh
Th c,dYh i|yd jeh l< remsh,a ì,shk 5'7 la o" úiska 2016 iema;eïnr® udifha ° Y%S ,xldj
±≥re Th c,dYh i|yd jeh l< remsh,a ì,shk uef,a˙hdj ;=rka l< rgla njg iy;sl lrk
0'6 la o we;=<;a fõ' flfia fj;;a" uE; ld,Skj ,°' uef,a˙hdj foaYSh jYfhka me;sr fkdhk nj
fnda. j.djka iy c, ú≥,sn, W;amdokh ;yjqre lr .ekSug" úfYaIfhkau" ≥Ialr m%foaY
flfrys wys;lr n,mEï t,a, l<" fjkiajk yd ñka fmr uef,a˙hdj nyq, f,i me;sr mej;s
iqΩ ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajhkag uqyqK °u i|yd c,h m%foaY o we;=<;aj °m-jHdma;j ±ä we.hSula is≥
.nvd ls¯fï w;sfr®l myiqlï w;HjYH fõ' ls¯fuka yd tu frda.h h<s u;=ùu je<elaùu i|yd
tneúka" .xj;=r yd kshx ;;a;aj fya;=fjka we;sjk
whym;a n,mEï wju ls¯u i|yd mj;sk c,dYj, 3'8 ixLHd igyk
.nvd Od˙;dj by< kexúh yels m˙† frdka uv fi!LH fiajfha uQ,sl ,CIK
bj;a ls¯u w;HjYH fõ'
YSr®Ih 2015 2016 ^w&

1' rdcH wxYh
3'3 iudc há;, myiqlï ms<sn| m%;sm;a;s" frday,a ixLHdj ^ngysr ffjoH fiajh& 610 598 ^wd&
wdh;ksl rduqj iy l%shdldß;ajh we|ka ixLHdj 76,781 76,829
m%d:ñl ffjoH i;aldr tall 475 487 ^wd&
fi!LH ffjoHjreka ixLHdj 19,429 20,458
iyldr ffjoHjreka ixLHdj 1,017 1,011
myiqfjka ,nd.; yels iy .=Kd;aul fi!LH fyo fiajl ixLHdj 32,272 32,499

fiajd myiqlï ck;djg ,nd °u i|yd fi!LH Wmia:dhl ixLHdj 8,689 8,268

wxYfha fN!;sl há;, myiqlï iy udkj iïm;a 2' wdhqrf

® õo
jeä†hqKq ls¯ug rch 2016 jir ;=< ° o wLKavj wdhqrf
® õo ffjoHjreka ixLHdj ^we& 22,672 23,082
l%shd lf<ah' ;djld,sl o;a;j,g wkqj" 2016 3' rcfha uqΩ fi!LH úhou ^re' ì,shk& 177.8 186.1
jir wjidkh jk úg" mqoa.,hka 1"036 fofkl=g mqkrdjr®;k úhou 140.6 155.4
tla iq≥iqlï,;a ffjoHjrfhla iy mqoa.,hka m%d.aOk úhou 37.2 30.7

652 fofkl=g tla fyo fiajlfhla ne.ska ^w& ;djld,sl
^wd& fldÜGdY frday,a 12 la m%d:ñl
rcfha frday,aj, fiajh l<y' ;jo" 2016 jir ffjoH i;aldr tAll ;;a;ajhg
my; fy<k ,°'
wjidkh jk úg mqoa.,hka 1"000 lg we|ka 3'6 la ^we& wdhqr®fõo ffjoH iNdfõ ,shdm†xÑ
jk f,i mej;s frday,a 598 lska rcfha fi!LH ù we;s wdhqr®fõo ffjoHjreka
uQ,hka( fi!LH" fmdaIK yd foaYhS
ffjoH wud;HdxYh
wdhqr®fõo fomdr®;fïka;=j
uqo,a wud;HdxYh

116

furg fi!LH moaO;shg we;s yelshdj ;lafiare
ls¯fuka wk;=rej f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkh úiska
fuu iy;slh ,ndfok ,°' 2016 jir ;=< °"
úfYaIfhka bka†hdj" mdlsia:dkh y wm%sldkq
rgj,ska meñ◊ ixpdrlhska w;˙ka uef,a˙hd
frda.Ska 41 fofkl= jdr®;d jqj o" uef,a˙hd ur®ok
jHdmdrh úiska rcfha yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha
frday,aj,g fkdñf,a frda. úksYaph yd m%;sldr
myiqlï ,ndfoñka läkï fiajdjla ,ndfok ,°'
fuhg wu;rj" b,lal.; wkqmd;slh jQ ishhg
tllg jvd wvq w.hl laIqø nrjd (microfilaria)
frda.S wkqmd;slh mej;Su fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® °
f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkh úiska Y%S ,xldj jidjdyS
nrjd frda.h ;=rka l< rgla njg m%ldYhg m;a
lrk ,°' flfia fj;;a" fvx.= frda.h ;j≥rg;a
Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk;u fmd≥ fi!LH .egÆjla njg
m;aj we;' 2016 jir ;=< ° iuia; †jhsfkka
fvx.= frda.Ska 55"150 fofkl= jdr®;d jQ w;r" th
mqoa.,hka 100"000 lg frda.Ska 260 lg wkqrEm fõ'
2015 jifr® ° mqoa.,hka 100"000 lg jdr®;d jQ fvx.=
frda.Ska .Kk 142 la úh' 2016 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ
fvx.= frda.Ska ixLHdj by< hEug jir ;=< °
mej;s whym;a md˙i˙l yd ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajh
m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' fi!LH" fmdaIK yd
foaYSh ffjoH wud;HdxYh úiska l,a;shd frda.h
y∫kd .ekSu yd mQr®j.dó frda. l<ukdlrKh
;=<ska fvx.= rla;md; WK we;sùu wju ls¯u
i|yd mshjr lsysmhla l%shd;aul lrk ,o w;r"
u≥rejka fndajk ia:dk wvq ls¯fï jevigyka
ud,djla yd cd;sl fvx.= ur®ok i;s folla o
mj;ajk ,°' tys m%;sM,hla f,i" jir ;=< ° fvx.=
frda.Ska úYd, m%udKhla jdr®;d jqj o" fvx.= urK
wkqmd;slh ishhg 0'16 lg iSud úh' fï w;r"
laIh frda.h" iSld (Zika)" cemkSia tkafiµ,hsàia
iy ó WK jeks fjk;a fndajk frda. /ilg
w∞<j rgmqrd wdfõlaIK jevigyka iy l,ska
y∫kd .ekSfï yd m%;sldr jevigyka mj;ajk
,°' ;jo" 2016 jifr® ° udkj m%;sYla;s W!K;d
ffjrih ^tÉ'whs'ù'& iy ,sx.slj iïfm%aIKh jk
frda. i|yd w∞< fi!LH wOHdmk yd ±kqïj;a
ls¯fï jevigyka 527 la mj;ajk ,o w;r" läkï
tÉ'whs'ù' m¯laIK iy frda.hg f.d≥re ùfï
jeä wj∞kula iys; ck fldgia b,lal lr.;a
l%shdldrlï ;=<ska rg mqrd tÉ'whs'ù' m¯laIK
4"532 la is≥ lrk ,°'
wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï
wúksYaÑ; iïNjhla iys; ksoka.; jl=.vq
frda.h Y%S ,xldjg wLKavj n,mdk nrm;, fmd≥
fi!LH .egÆjla njg m;aj we;1' fuu nrm;,
fi!LH .egÆj úi£u i|yd 2016 jifr® ° wúksYaÑ;
iïNjhla iys; ksoka.; jl=.vq frda.h ms<sn|
cd;sl wdfõlaIK jevigyk mj;ajk wëlaIK
ia:dk .Kk frday,a 30 isg 50 olajd mqΩ,a ls¯ug
fi!LH" fmdaIK yd foaYSh ffjoH wud;HdxYh
lghq;= lf<ah' fuu kj wëlaIK ia:dkj,g
wjYH há;, myiqlï ixjr®Okh yd ldr®h uKav,
mqyqKq ls¯fï lghq;= o is≥ lrk ,°' fï w;r"
jl=.vq frd.Ska$wúksYaÑ; iïNjhla iys; ksoka.;
jl=.vq frda.Ska i|yd fjí wvú mokï lr.;a
3
;;ald,Sk frda.Ska ,shdm†xÑ ls¯fï moaO;shla jk
zjl=.vq frda.Skaf.a cd;sl f,aLkhZ 2016 jir ;=< °
mqΩ,a lrk ,o w;r" tu jir ;=< ° jl=.vq
frda.Ska 5"500 la muK fuu moaO;sh hgf;a
,shdm†xÑ ù we;' ;dlaI◊l úfYaI{hkaf.a
fmd≥ tlÛ;dj u;" 2016 jifr® ° Y%S ,xldfõ
ksoka.; jl=.vq frda. ksjdrKh i|yd jk
udr®f.damfoaY ixfYdaOkh l< w;r" tu
udr®f.damfoaYj,g wkqj fi!LH ldr®h uKav,h
mqyqKq lrk ,°' fuhg wu;rj" 2016 jir ;=< °
c,fha we;s ner f,day wkdjrKh lr.;
yels kj ridhksl úYaf,aIl WmlrK ,nd
°u u.ska wkqrdOmqrfha msysá c,fha ;;a;aj
m¯laIK ridhkd.drh jeä†hqKq lrk ,°' fuu
ridhkd.drh 2017 jifr® ° mQr®K jYfhka l%shd;aul
jkq we;' ksoka.; jl=.vq frda.fha N+f.da,Sh
jHdma;sh by< hEu iy †<s∫ .%dóh mjq,aj,g fuu
frda.h ksid we;sjk nrm;, wdr®:ßl .egÆ ms<sn|j
i,ld n,k úg" fuu fi!LH .egÆj md,kh ls¯u
i|yd rch" fi!LH ks,Od¯ka yd rdcH-fkdjk
wdh;k u.ska .kq ,nk m%h;ak Yla;su;a ls¯u iy
läkï ls¯u b;d jeo.;a fõ' fï i|yd" n,mEug
,lajQ m%foaYj, isák ishΩ ck;djg ms˙is≥ mdkSh
c,h ,nd °u" frda.h l,a;shd y∫kd .ekSu yd
wdfõlaIKh i|yd jk myiqlï jeä†hqKq ls¯u"
by< wj∞kula iys; m%foaYj, mj;sk frday,aj,
wúksYaÑ; iïNjhla iys; jl=.vq frda.h i|yd
m%;sldr ls¯fï myiqlï by< kexùu" wúksYaÑ;
1 frda.fha N+f.da,Sh jHdma;sh ;=<ska fmkakqï lrk m˙†" wkqrdOmqrh yd
fmdf<dkakrej †ia;%slalj, ishÆu m%foaY" jhU m<df;a fmd,ams;s.u yd
.s˙ndj m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdY" kef.kysr m<df;a foysw;a;lKaäh
yd moú Y%Smqr m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdY" W!j m<df;a uyshx.kh yd
˙°ud,shoao m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdY" W;=re m<df;a je,sTh" jjqkshdj"
jjqkshdj - ol=K m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdY iy uOHu m<df;a ú,a.uqj
m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdYh" wúksYaÑ; iïNjhla iys; ksoka.; jl=.vq
frda.h me;s¯ug by< wj∞kula iys; m%foaY fõ'
uQ,h( fi!LH" fmdaIK yd foaYSh ffjoH wud;HdxYh
117
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
iïNjhla iys; ksoka.; jl=.vq frda.h we;s ùug
uq,ajk fya;=j fidhd .ekSug is≥ lrk mr®fhaIK
lghq;= läkï ls¯u iy m%foaY mqrd me;sr we;s
m˙ir ¥IKh msgq±lSu yd md˙i˙l wdrlaIdj
i|yd jk jevigyka läkï ls¯u wjYH fõ'
rfÜ iudc-wdr®:ßl" ck.yk yd „jk rgdj,
is≥jk fjkialï fya;=fjka fndafkdjk frda. o
Y%S ,xldfõ fi!LH wxYhg ie,lsh hq;= wNsfhda.hla
t,a, lr we;' ksoka.; fndafkdjk frda. we;s
whg m%;sldr ls¯u iy w;HjYH T!IO m%;sm;a;shla
;=<ska m%;sldr ,nd°u i|yd jk m%d:ñl i;aldr
myiqlï Yla;su;a ls¯ug fi!LH" fmdaIK yd
foaYSh ffjoH wud;HdxYh wLKavj lghq;= lf<ah'
3
ksoka.; fndafkdjk frda. ksjdrKh ms<sn| cd;sl
m%;sm;a;sh u.ska ≥ïmdkh" uOHidr" ia:Q,;dj iy
fi!LHg wys;lr wdydr .ekSu yd jHdhduj,ska
f;dr „jk rgd hk fndafkdjk frda. we;s
ùug n,mE yels m%Odk fmd≥ wj∞kï idOl
y;rla ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduqlr we;' rdcH
yd rdcH fkdjk wdh;kj, iydh we;sj ±kg
mj;sk fi!LH cd,h yryd fuu wj∞kï idOl
wvq ls¯ug úúO Wmdhudr®. l%shd;aul lr we;'
≥ïfld< ksid we;sjk fi!LH wj∞kï" fõokd
yd úrEmS ùï ms<sn|j ishÆ jhia ldKav w;r by<
±kqïj;aNdjhla we;s ls¯fï wruq◊ka 2016 jir
;=< ° ≥ïjeá melÜgqj,ska ishhg 80 la wdjrKh
jk f,i rEmuh wjjdo we;=<;a ls¯ug fi!LH"
fmdaIK yd foaYSh ffjoH wud;HdxYh ;SrKh
lf<ah' ;jo" mdk jr®.j, we;s iSks uÜgu ksrEmKh
jk m˙† wksjdr®h jr®K fla;hla we;=<;a ls¯u o
2016 jifr® ° y∫kajd fok ,°' fi!LHdrlaIs;
wdydr f;dard .ekSu i|yd jk fuu jevigyka
;=<ska we;sjk uyck ±kqïj;aNdjh fndafkdjk
frda. je<elaùu i|yd w;HjYH fõ' ta wkqj"
fndafkdjk frda. ksjdrKh yd md,kh iïnkaOj
iudch ±kqïj;a ls¯fï jevigykla weröug
iy l=vd fmd;a ñ,shkhla fn∞ye¯u u.ska 6-9
fY%a◊j, isiqka w;r fi!LH m%jr®Ok jevigykla
l%shd;aul ls¯ug fi!LH" fmdaIK yd foaYSh ffjoH
wud;HdxYh ie,iqï lr we;' ;jo" Y¯r ialkaO
or®Ylh iy wdydr yd Yd¯˙l l%shdldrlï ms<sn|j
isiqka ±kqïj;a ls¯u i|yd mdi,a 400 l fi!LH
mshi msysgqùug fi!LH" fmdaIK yd foaYSh ffjoH
wud;HdxYh ie,iqï lr we;' wk;=re je<elaùu o
fndafkdjk frda. tallfha m%Odk wruqKla úh'
<ore úfha isg jeäysá wjêh olajd ishÆu jhia
ldKav wdjrKh jk fia Wmf;a isg urKh olajd
mqoa.,hl=f.a „ú; ld,h ;=< is≥ úh yels ishÆ
118
wdldrfha wk;=re je<elaùu ms<sn|j jevigyka"
udr®f.damfoaY iy m%;sm;a;s ilia ls¯u fndafkdjk
frda. tallfha wk;=re je<elaùfï Wmdhudr®.hg
we;=<;a fõ' ta wkqj" 2016 cqks udifha °
Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,sl frday,a yd bka by< ;,fha
frday,aj, wk;=re wdfõlaIK jevigyka wdrïN
lrk ,°' fuhg wu;rj" wk;=re j<lajd,Su
ms<sn| uyck ±kqïj;aNdjh jeä ls¯u i|yd
iudc udOH cd, jHdmdrhla yd uyck ±kqïj;a
ls¯fï jevigyka lsysmhla o l%shd;aul fl˙◊'
i,ld n,k ld,h ;=< °" fi!LH fiajd iemhqu
i|yd jQ fm!oa.,sl wxYfha iyNd.s;ajh wLKavj
mqΩ,a úh' 2016 jir wjidkh jkúg we|ka 6"330 lska
iukaú; ngysr ffjoH fiajdj l%shd;aul jk
fm!oa.,sl frday,a 225 la meje;=◊' fuhg
wu;rj" uqΩ we|ka 326 lska iukaú; fm!oa.,sl
wdhqr®fõo frday,a 22 la o úh' ;jo" 2016 jir
wjidkh jkúg fm!oa.,sl ffjoH .s,kar: fiajd
26 la" mQr®K ld,Sk oka; Y,Hd.dr 146 la" mQr®K
ld,Sk idudkH ffjoH fiajd$ fnfy;a Yd,d$
ffjoH idhk 521 la" mQr®K ld,Sk úfYaI| ffjoH
fiajd 24 la" ffjoH ridhkd.dr 967 la iy ffjoH
uOHia:dk$ ksjdrK uOHia:dk$ †jd iq/l=ï ffjoH
uOHia:dk$ ffjoH pek,a fiajd 502 la fi!LH"
fmdaIK yd foaYSh ffjoH wud;HdxYh hgf;a
,shdm†xÑ ù ;snq◊' 2016 jifr® ° fi!LH" fmdaIK
yd foaYSh ffjoH wud;HdxYh" fm!oa.,sl fi!LH
fiajd kshduk uKav,fha iy cd;sl wdOqksl;aj yd
ldr®ñl mqyqKq ls¯fï wêld˙fha iyNd.s;ajfhka
fm!oa.,sl frday,a" ffjoH uOHia:dk iy oka;
3'8 rEm igyk
fi!LH iy wOHdmkh i|yd jQ
rcfha úhoï
2.5
o'foa'ks'fha m%;sY;hla f,i
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
wOHdmk$o'foa'ks ] fi!LH$o'foa'ks ]
uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomr®;fïka;j
=
 wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï

Y,Hd.drj, ±kg fiajh lrk fm!oa.,sl wxYfha by< o˙ø;djhla iys; ckdjdi njg m;aùug
fyo ldr®h uKav,h yd oka; Y,H iydhlhka fya;= jkq we;'
i|yd Tjqkaf.a ±kqï mr;rhka mshùu iy ±kqu
2016 jir ;=< ° wOHdmk wud;HdxYh úiska
wÆ;a lr.ekSu i|yd mdGud,d meje;aùu wdrïN
mdi,a iyNd.s;aj uÜgï jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd
lrk ,°' fndafkdjk frda.j,g w∞< m¯laId
mshjr /ila f.k we;' wOHdmkfha /£ isàfï
ls¯ï yd fi!LH i;aldr fiajd i|yd jk b,aÆu
by< hEu;a iuÛ rfÜ fi!LH fiajd iemhSfï ° 3'9 ixLHd igyk
fm!oa.,sl wxYh b;d jeo.;a ldr®hNdrhla bgq idudkH wOHdmkfha uQ,sl ,laIK
lrhs' flfia fj;;a" fm!oa.,sl fi!LH fiajd
YSr®Ih 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
imhkakka kshdukh ls¯u u.ska tu wdh;kj,ska

1' uqΩ mdi,a ixLHdj
ukd yd ia:djr m%ñ;sfhka hq;= fi!LH fiajd 10,997 11,021
rcfha mdi,a 10,144 10,162
iemhSfï wdrlaIs; ms<sfj;a wkq.ukh flfrk nj
m%d:ñl mdi,a 3,704 3,778
;yjqre ls¯u wjYH fõ' oaú;ShSl mdi,a 6,440 6,384

3
bka" cd;sl mdi,a 352 353
wOHdmkh fjk;a mdi,a 853 859
ms˙fjka 749 754
rfÜ wdr®:ßl yd iudc ixjr®Okh i|yd
fm!oa.,sl yd úfYaI mdi,a ^we& 104 105
ishÆu orejkag .=Kd;aul iy idOdrK m%fõYhla
iys;j m%d:ñl yd oaú;ShSl wOHdmkhla ,nd°u 2' uqΩ YsIH ixLHdj 4,418,173 4,345,517
rcfha mdi,a 4,129,534 4,143,107
w;HjYH fõ' wOHdmk wud;HdxYhg wkqj" fjk;a mdi,a 201,034 202,410
2016 jifr® ° jhi wjqre≥ 5-14 w;r jhia ms˙fjka 64,806 66,003
iSudfõ isiqkaf.a mdi,aj,g we;=<;a ùfï Y=oaO fm!oa.,sl yd úfYaI mdi,a ^we& 136,228 136,407
cd;Hka;r mdi,a ^wE& 87,605 ,e'fkd'
wkqmd;h ishhg 97'35 la jQ w;r" ms˙ñ iy
3' uqΩ .=rejre ixLHdj 259,967 249,374
.eyekq isiqka i|yd jk Y=oaO we;=<;a ùfï
rcfha mdi,a 236,999 235,999
wkqmd; ms<sfj<ska ishhg 98'38 la iy 96'31 la fjk;a mdi,a 13,851 13,375
úh' flfia fj;;a" mdi,a iyNd.s;ajh uekSug ms˙fjka 6,776 6,503
fhd∞ .efkk 1 fY%a◊fha isg 11 fY%a◊h olajd fm!oa.,sl yd úfYaI mdi,a ^we& 7,075 6,872
o< /£ isàfï wkqmd;h2 2014 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ cd;Hka;r mdi,a ^wE& 9,117 ,e'fkd'
ishhg 85'09 isg 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 86'54 la 4' kj we;=<;alr .ekSï ^b& 323,337 326,966
olajd by< .sfhah' ms˙ñ iy .eyekq isiqkaf.a 5' YsIH $ .=re wkqmd;h
11 fY%a◊h olajd /£ isàfï wkqmd; ms<sfj<ska rcfha mdi,a 17 18
fjk;a mdi,a 15 15
ishhg 83'31 la iy 89'9 la úh' by<u o< /£ cd;Hka;r mdi,a ^wE& 10 ,e'fkd'
isàfï wkqmd;h jQ ishhg 92'21 niakdysr 6' m%d:ñl Y=oaO we;=<;aùfï wkqmd;h
m<df;ka jdr®;d jQ w;r" wju o< /£ isàfï ^wjqre≥ 5-9& 97.52 95.91
wkqmd; kef.kysr m<df;ka ^ishhg 75'59& 7' oaú;ShSl Y=oaO we;=<;aùfï wkqmd;h
iy W;=re m<df;ka ^ishhg 79'91& jdr®;d úh' ^wjqre≥ 10-14& 95.14 95.91

úfYaIfhka .;a l," ms˙ñ isiqkaf.a 1 isg 11 fY%a◊h 8' jhia úfYaIs; we;=<;aùfï wkqmd;h
^wjqre≥ 5-14& 98.36 97.35
olajd o< /£ isàfï wkqmd;h kef.kysr m<df;a
^ishhg 71'59 la& iy W;=re m<df;a ^ishhg 75'36 la& 9' .=re mqyqKq uOHia:dk ixLHdj 8 8

wvq w.hl mj;S' fuu m%foaYj, o˙ø;dj by< 10' jir ;=< ° mqyqKq l< .=rejre ixLHdj 994 2,294
uÜgul mj;sk neúka úfYaIfhkau" ms˙ñ orejka 11' cd;sl wOHdmk úoHdmSG ixLHdj 19 19
;u .Dy wd∞hug ∞hl ùu i|yd mdi,a yerf.dia mqyqKqj ,;a uqΩ .=rejre ixLHdj 6,624 9,478

/lshd wjia:d fidhd hEu" W;=re iy kef.kysr jir ;=< ° mqyqKqj ksul< .=re ixLHdj 2,467 2,073
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( wOHdmk wud;HxYh
m<d;aj, o< /£ isàfï wkqmd;h wju w.hl ^wd& ;djld,sl
mej;Sug fya;= ù we;' flfia fj;;a" ksis ^we& rch úiska wkqu; fm!oa.,sl mdi,a iy
úfYaI wjYH;d iys; <uqka i|yd jQ mdi,a
wOHdmkhla fkdue;s ùu ksid fuu orejkag ^fuhg iud.ï mk; hgf;a ,shdm†xÑ l<
/lshd wjia:d wvq jkq we;s w;r" th fuu l,dm cd;Hka;r mdi,a wh;a fkdfõ&'
^wE& 2015 jifr® ° wOHdmk wud;HdxYh úiska
mj;ajk ,o †m jHdma; iólaIKhla u;
2 1 fY%a◊fha isg 11 fY%a◊h olajd o< /£ isàfï wkqmd;h hkq ±kg 11 2015 o;a; mokï fõ'
fY%a◊fha bf.kqu ,nk isiqka" jir 10 lg fmr 1 fY%a◊hg we;=<;a lr.;a
^b& rcfha mdi,a i|yd mu◊'
uqΩ isiqka ixLHdjg ork wkqmd;fhys m%;sY;h fõ'

119
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
wkqmd; by< kexùfï wruqKska isiqkaf.a olaI;d
yd wfmalaId fukau Y%u fj<|fmd< wjYH;d
imqrd,k" jir 13 l wksjdr®h wOHdmkhla ,nd
°u i|yd kj wOHdmk m%;sm;a;s fhdackdjla
2016 jifr® ° wOHdmk wud;HdxYh úiska y∫kajd
fok ,°' Bg wu;rj" wOHdmk wud;HdxYh úiska
W;=re m<d; jeks wvq wOHdmk ldr®hidOkhla
iys; wOHdmk l,dmj, ú≥y,am;sjreka" ksfhdacH
ú≥y,am;sjreka iy .=rejrekaf.a ±kqu yd
b.ekaùfï yelshdj jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd YlH;d
ixjr®Ok jevigyka lsysmhla l%shd;aul lrk ,°'
;jo" mdi,a ks, we∫ï ñ, ° .ekSu fjkqfjka" mdi,a
10"145 l isák" wdikak jYfhka isiqka ñ,shk
3
4'3 la i|yd fkdñf,a jjqprm;a ,ndfok ,°' óg
wu;rj" wOHdmk wud;HdxYh úiska mdi,a 6"946 l
isiqka 973"245 lg m%;s,dN ,nd foñka †jd wdydr
jevigyk i|yd remsh,a ì,shk 4'0 la jeh lr we;'
;jo" W;=re m<df;a l%shd;aul lrk ,o f,dal wdydr
jevigyk u.ska mdi,a 965 l isiqka 162"272 lg
m%;s,dN ysñ úh' flfia fj;;a" úfYaIfhkau .%dóh
iy j;= wxYj, wvq wd∞hï,dNS mjq,aj, orejka
b,lal lr .ksñka mdi,a iyNd.s;ajh †˙.ekaùfï
jevigyka l%shd;aul ls¯u w;HjYH fõ'
2016 jir ;=< ° wOHdmk wud;HdxYh úiska
†jhsk mqrd mdi,a orejka i|yd idudkH wOHdmkfha
mj;sk wiudk;d wju ls¯u i|yd mshjr lsysmhla
.kakd ,°' l,dmh fyda mdi,a jr®.h l=ula jqj o"
iEu isiqfjl=gu wOHdmkfha iudk wjia:d ysñlr
°fï wruq◊ka wOHdmk wud;HdxYh úiska z<Ûu
mdi, fyd|u mdi,Z ixl,amh y∫kajd fok
,°' zoaú;ShSl mdi,a 1"000 la ixjr®Okh ls¯uZ
jHdmD;sh hgf;a ;dlaI◊l úoHd.dr 995 la b†lr
we;s w;r" 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg thska
úoHd.dr 961 la l%shdld¯ úh' óg wu;rj" f;dard.;a
oaú;ShSl mdi,a 251 l ;dlaIK mSG f.dvke.s,s
b†ls¯ug o fhdackd lr we;' ta wkqj" i,ld
n,k jir wjidkh jkúg ;dlaIK mSG 226 l
b†ls¯ï wjika lr we;s w;r" thska mSG 216 la
l%shd;aul fjñka meje;=◊' ;jo" f;dard.;a mdi,a
1"166 l ikSmdrlaIl iy c, myiqlï jeä†hqKq
ls¯fï wruq◊ka l%shd;aul jk zikSmdrlaIdj m%uqL
fõZ jevigyk hgf;a mdi,a 908 l ikSmdrlaIl
myiqlï b†ls¯fï lghq;= 2016 jir wjidkh jk
úg ksu lr we;' fuhg wu;rj" rcfha mdi,aj,
fN!;sl ;;a;ajh by< kexùu i|yd ;j;a há;,
myiqlï ixjr®Ok lghq;= lsysmhla jir ;=< °
l%shd;aul fl˙◊'
120
idudkH wOHdmkfha .=Kd;aulNdjh jr®Okh
ls¯u tla tla mqoa.,hdf.a fm!oa.,sl yd jD;a;Sh
ixjr®Okh i|yd b;d jeo.;a jk w;r" tu.ska
wkd.;fha ° M,∞hS Y%u n,ldhla o ksr®udKh
flfrkq we;' ta wkqj" m%d:ñl yd oaú;ShSl
mdi,aj, b.ekaùfï .=Kd;aulNdjh jr®Okh
ls¯fï wruq◊ka wOHdmk wud;HdxYh úiska 2016
jifr® ° .=re mqyqKq jevigyka mj;ajk ,°' .=re
mqqyqKq uOHia:dk y;la yryd b.ekaùfï yelshdj
jeä†hqKq ls¯fï jevigyka lsysmhla mj;ajk
,°' fï w;r" .=re mqyqKq uOHia:dk 109 la yryd
mj;ajk ,o flá ld,Sk .=re ixjr®Ok jevuqΩ
iy jD;a;Sh .=re mqyqKq jevigyka u.ska .=rejreka
45"000 la mqyqKq lrk ,°' 2013 jifr® ° mdi,a
251 l wOHhk fmd≥ iy;sl m;% Wiia fm< i|yd
;dlaI◊l úIh Odrdj y∫kajd fok ,°'
±kqu W;amdokh iy fidhd.ekSï yd kj
ksmehqï i|yd úoHd;aul idlaIr;dj iy .◊;
l=i,;djfhys jeo.;alu y∫kdf.k" wOHdmk
wud;HdxYh úiska úoHd iy .◊; úIhkag w∞<
.=rejreka i|yd mqyqKq jevigyka lsysmhla o
l%shd;aul lr we;' ;jo" m%d:ñl yd oaú;ShSl
mdi,a uÜgïj, isg f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok
;dlaIKh Ndú;d ls¯u i|yd wjia:dj ,nd°u
;=<ska fjkia jk ;dlaIKhg wkqj yev.eiSug
orejkag we;s yelshdj jeä†hqKq jk w;ru" tu.ska
wkd.;fha ° Tjqkaf.a jD;a;Sh wjia:d fukau
/lshd kshqla;sh o by< kexfjkq we;' i,ld
n,k jir ;=< °" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska
f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIK WmdêOd¯
.=rejreka 300 fofkl= iy cd;sl wOHdmk
úoHdmSGj,ska iu;ajQ .=rejreka 200 fofkl= mdi,a
uÜgñka f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh
b.ekaùu i|yd ;j≥rg;a mqyqKq lrjk ,°' fï
w;r" †ia;%slal lsysmhl f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok
;dlaIKh ms<sn|j kj l,dm uOHia:dk myl
b†ls¯ï lghq;= wjika lr we;s w;r" uOHia:dk
wgl b†ls¯ï lghq;= is≥ flfrñka mj;S' óg
wu;rj" ú≥,s ixfoaY iy ä‚g,a há;, myiqlï
wud;HdxYh hgf;a l%shd;aul jk f;dr;=re yd
ikaksfõok ksfhda‚;dh;kfha iydh we;sj
wOHdmk wud;HdxYh úiska ziaudr®ÜZ Wmdx. iys;
ä‚g,a mka;s ldur msysgqùu u.ska ä‚g,a wOHdmk
l%uh y∫kajd °ug ie,iqï lr we;' mdi,a 150 l
ä‚g,a mka;s ldur 300 la ia:dms; lrñka 2016 isg
2018 olajd kshuq jHdmD;shla is≥ ls¯ug kshñ;h'
2016 jir ;=< ° m%d:ñl yd oaú;ShSl wOHdmkh
iemhSu i|yd rdcH fkdjk wxYfha ∞hl;ajh
wLKavj jr®Okh úh' i,ld n,k jir ;=< °"
 wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï

fm!oa.,sl mdi,a 105 la ^cd;Hka;r mdi,a 3'10 ixLHd igyk

yer& iy ms˙fjka 754 la furg l%shd;aul úh' úYajúoHd, wOHdmkfha uQ,sl ,laIK ^w&
fm!oa.,sl mdi,aj, bf.kqu ,enQ isiqka ixLHdj YSr®Ih 2015 ^wd& 2016 ^we&
^cd;Hka;r mdi,aj, bf.kqu ,enQ isiqka ixLHdj
1' úYajúoHd, ixLHdj 15 15
yer& fmr jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ 136"228 isg 2016 jir
2' wfkl=;a Wiia wOHdmk wdh;k ixLHdj 18 18
;=< 136"407 la olajd by< .sfhah' 2016 jir ;=< °
3' YsIH ixLHdj ^Wmdê wfmalaIl& ^wE&
ms˙fjkaj, wOHdmkh ,enQ YsIH ixLHdj 66"003 la
úYajúoHd, ^b& 83,778 86,061
úh' jr®;udkfha ° rch úiska wkqu; lrk ,o wdh;k 3,307 3,376
fm!oa.,sl mdi,a" m<d;a iy l,dm wdh;kj, újD; úYajúoHd,h 22,097 22,546

wëlaIKh hgf;a mj;S' flfia fj;;a" cd;Hka;r 4' uqΩ ldr®huKav,h ^ishÆu úYajúoHd,j,&
mdi,a kshdukh" m˙laId ls¯u iy wëlaIKh ls¯u wOHhk 5,199 5,422
wkOHhk 10,726 11,096
wOHdmk wud;HdxYhg fyda m<d;a fyda l,dm
5' YsIH $ .=re wkqmd;h 17.8 17.5
wdh;kj,g wh;a fkdfõ' fï jkúg" cd;Hka;r

3
mdi,aj,g we;=<;a jk YsIH ixLHdj jr®Okh 6' jhia úfYaIs; Wmdê wfmalaIl we;=<;aùfï
wkqmd;h ^wjqre≥ 19-23& ^wE& 6.6 6.9
fjñka mj;sk fyhska" tu wdh;kj,ska imhkq
,nk wOHdmkfha .=Kd;aul nj iy;sl ls¯u 7' w'fmd'i Wiia fm< isg úYajúoHd,hg
we;=<;aaùu
i|yd tjeks mdi,a kshdukh iy wëlaIKh i|yd we;=<;aùug iq≥iqlï ,enQ m%udKh ^]& 60.46 51.43
hï úêu;a l%ufõohla mej;Su w;HjYHh' flfia iq≥iqlï ,enQjkaf.ka we;=<;a jQ m%udKh ^]& 17.14 18.61
fj;;a" rch úiska is≥lrkq ,nk cd;Hka;r mdi,a 8' Wmdê,;a ixLHdj ^B& 37,058 38,501
kshduk yd wëlaIKh fya;=fjka by< m%ñ;sfhka m%:u Wmdê 29,545 30,819
hq;= cd;Hka;r mdi,aj, iqug l%shdld˙;ajhg ndOd mYapd;a Wmdê 7,513 7,682

we;s fkdl< hq;=h' 9' m%:u Wmdêh i`oyd kj we;=<;aùu ^W& 25,676 28,952

10' úYajúoHd,j,g we;=<;aùu i`oyd iq≥ilï

±kqu mokï lr.;a wdr®:ßlhla ;=< Y%u
fj<|fmdf<ys wjYH;d imqrd,Sfuys jeo.;alu
jgyd.;a Wiia wOHdmk yd uydudr®. wud;HdxYh
iy úYajúoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj úiska
úYajúoHd, wOHdmkfha m%udKd;aul nj yd
.=Kd;aul nj by< kexùu i|yd 2016 jir
;=< ° mshjr /ila f.k we;' 2015 jifr®
mej;s w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.fha m%;sM, mokï
lr.ksñka úYajúoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka
iNdj úiska 2015$2016 wOHhk jr®Ih i|yd
idudkH iy úfYaI m%fõYh hgf;a rcfha
úYajúoHd,j,g isiqka 28"952 la we;=<;a lr.kakd
,°' jir ;=< °" úYajúoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka
iNdj úiska 2014$2015 wOHhk jr®Ih i|yd
2014 jifr® w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd. m%;sM,
mokï lr.ksñka úfYaI úêúOdk hgf;a isiqka
1"333 la we;=<;a ls¯fï lghq;= o wjika lrk ,°'
;jo" 2016 jir ;=< ° m%:u Wmdê mdGud,d 38 la
iy mYapd;a Wmdê mdGud,d 15 la i|yd úYajúoHd,
m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj úiska wkque;sh ,nd
fok ,°' óg wu;rj" jir ;=< ° rcfha úYajúoHd,
;=< kj mSG kjhla" kj fomdr®;fïka;= 34 la
iy kj uOHia:dk ;=kla o ia:dms; lrk ,°'
flfia fj;;a" rch hgf;a mj;sk úYajúoHd,
17 ;=< we;s iSñ; iïm;a úYd, YsIH ixLHdjlg
Wiia wOHdmk wjia:d ,nd°ug ;rï m%udKj;a
,enQ ixLHdj 149,572 155,550
uQ,h( úYajúoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj
^w& úYajúoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj hgf;a mj;sk
úYajúoHd, yd Wiia wOHdmk wdh;k
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl
^wE& ndysr Wmdê mdGud,d we;=<;a fkdfõ'
^b& újD; úYajúoHd,h we;=<;a fkdfõ'
^B& ndysr Wmdê yd újD; úYajúoHd,h we;=<;a fõ'
^W& ndysr Wmdê yd újD; úYajúoHd,h we;=<;a fkdfõ'
fkdjk nj mej;s ishÆu rchka úiska y∫kd
f.k we;' tneúka" rch úiska Wiia wOHdmkh
i|yd wdfhdackh ls¯ug iy Wmdê mdGud,d
mj;ajk rdcH fkdjk Wiia wOHdmk wdh;k
msysgqùug fm!oa.,sl wdfhdaclhkag wjia:dj
i,id °u i|yd mshjr f.k we;' foaYSh isiqka
úfoaYSh úYaúoHd,j,g we;=<;a ùu fya;=fjka
furáka .,dhk úfoaY uqo,a m%jdyh wvq ls¯ug;a"
úfoaYSh isiqka furg rdcH fkdjk Wiia wOHdmk
wdh;kj,g we;=<;a ùfuka rgg .,dtk úfoaY
uqo,a m%jdy jeä ls¯ug;a fuu rdcH fkdjk
Wiia wOHdmk wdh;k b;d jeo.;a fõ' 2016
jir wjidkh jk úg" Wmdê ms˙kukq ,nk
rdcH fkdjk Wiia wOHdmk wdh;k 17 la
Wiia wOHdmk wud;HdxYh úiska y∫kd f.k
we;s w;r" fuu wdh;k u.ska ms<s.;a foaYSh Wmdê
mdGud,d 96 la ms˙keóu is≥fõ' Wiia wOHdmk
wud;HdxYhg wkqj" rdcH fkdjk Wiia wOHdmk

121
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

wdh;k u.ska ms˙kukq ,nk fuu y∫kd.;a 3'11 ixLHd igyk

Wmdê mdGud,d i|yd jdr®Islj isiqka 4"000 lg ;D;Shsl yd jD;a;Sh wOHdmk mqyqKq lafIa;%fha
wêl ms˙ila ,shdm†xÑ fõ' ;jo" 2016 jir ;=< ° uq,sl ,laIK
rdcH fkdjk Wiia wOHdmk wdh;k 15 l isiqka YSr®Ih 2015 2016 ^w&
11"500 lg wdikak ms˙ila foaYSh Wmdê mdGud,d
1' ,shdm†xÑ l< ldr®ñl yd jD;a;sh wOHdmk
y∞rñka isáhy' óg wu;rj" fuu wdh;k u.ska mqyqKq wdh;k ixLHdj ^wd& 1,353 764

ms˙kukq ,nk wkqnoaO Wmdê mdGud,d i|yd isiqyq rdcH 635 313
fm!oa.,sl yd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk 718 451
7"000 lg wdikak ixLHdjla ,shdm†xÑ ù isáhy'
flfia fj;;a" ,dN bmehSfï wruqK bgqlr .kakd 2' ms<s.;a mdGud,d ixLHdj 2,291 2,659

w;ru wOHdmk fiajd iemhSfï iudcuh j.lSu rdcH 1,588 1,876

fm!oa.,sl yd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk 703 783
bgqls¯u i|yd o fuu wdh;k j.lsj hq;= fõ'
fuu rdcH fkdjk Wiia wOHdmk wdh;k u.ska 3' m%odkh l< cd;sl jD;a;Sh iq≥iqlï
iy;slm;a ixLHdj 44,148 47,017
,nd fok wOHdmkfha .=Kd;aulNdjh mj;ajd ldr®ñl wOHdmk yd mqyqKq ls¯fï

3
f.k hEu" ,shdm†xÑ jk isiqkaf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;=
bgq ls¯u i|yd fukau wdr®:ßlhg ∞hl úh yels
ksmqK Y%ñlhka ìys ls¯u i|yd o w;HjYH fõ'
fï fya;=fjka" fm!oa.,sl wxYfha Wiia wOHdmk
lafIa;%h ;=< wdfhdack †˙.kajk w;ru" fuu
fm!oa.,sl wdh;k u.ska ms˙kukq ,nk Wmdê
mdGud,dj, .=Kd;aulnj ms<sn|j wëlaIKh ls¯u
iy Wmdê mdGud,d ms<s.ekSug ,la ls¯u w;sYh
jeo.;a fõ' fï °r®>ld,Sk wjYH;dj imqrd,Su
i|yd cd;sl ;;a;aj iy;sl iy m%;S;k fldñIka
iNdj (National Quality Assurance and Accreditation
Commission) ia:dms; ls¯u i|yd Wiia wOHdmk
wud;HdxYh úiska mk;a flgqïm;la ilia
ls¯fï l%shdj,shl ksr;j isák w;r" fuu.ska
rg ;=< l%shd;aul Wiia wOHdmk wdh;k ish,a,u
kshdukh flfrkq we;'
fjkia jk Y%u fj<|fmd< wjYH;d imqrd,Su
i|yd ldr®ñl" jD;a;Sh wOHdmk yd mqyqKq wxYh
u.ska jD;a;Sh úfYaIs; wOHdmk jevigyka
ms˙keóu ;=<ska isiqka úYd, ixLHdjla i|yd
wOHdmk wjia:d ,nd°ug wLKavj l%shd lrk
,°' mdi,a iy rcfha úYajúoHd, ;=<ska oaú;ShSl
yd ;D;Shsl wOHdmkh ,eîfï wjia:d wysñ jQ
isiqkaf.a úúOdldr jQ wfmalaId iM, lr.ekSu iy
Tjqkaf.a ksmqK;d yd l=i,;d jr®Okh lr .ekSu
i|yd ldr®ñl yd jD;a;Sh mqyqKq lafIa;%h mqΩ,a
ls¯u w;HjYH fõ' 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg
rcfha wdh;k 313 la iy fm!oa.,sl iy rcfha
fkdjk wdh;k 451 lska iukaú; jQ ldr®ñl"
jD;a;Sh wOHdmk yd mqyqKq lafIa;%h fudagr® r:
wΩ;ajeähd ls¯u iy kv;a;= ls¯u" f.dvke.s,s
yd b†ls¯ï" ú≥,s" bf,lafg%dksl yd ú≥,s ixfoaY"
uQ,H" nexl= yd l<ukdlrKh" wdydr ;dlaIKh"
f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh yd nyqudOH"
fr†ms<s yd ksñ we∫ï" iïNdKav yd mdjyka
fomdr®;fïka;=j 4,171 4,169
cd;sl wdOqksl;aj iy ldr®ñl mqyqKq
ls¯fï wêld˙h 11,787 11,182
jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wêld˙h 10,484 17,517
cd;sl ;reK fiajd iNdj 1,244 1,957
fm!oa.,sl wdh;k 16,462 12,192
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( ;D;Shsl yd jD;a;Sh wOHdmk
^wd& jir wjidkfha ° fldñIka iNdj
iy YS;lrK yd jdhq iukh wd° mqΩ,a úIh
mrdihl ms<s.;a mdGud,d 2"656 la ms˙kuk ,°'
w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& i|yd y∫kajd ° we;s ;dlaIK
úIh Odrdj fya;=fjka" úYajúoHd, wOHdmk
wjia:d wysñ jqj o" ldr®ñl yd jD;a;Sh wOHdmk
mqyqKq wdh;kh yryd ish oaú;ShSl yd ;D;Shsl
wOHdmkh w;r iïnkaO;djla we;slr .ekSug
isiqkag wjia:dj ,eî we;' óg iu.dój" rg ;=<
ksmqK Y%ñlhska ysÛ ùu fya;=fjka Woa.; úh yels
wys;lr n,mEï wju ls¯ug cd;sl wdOqksl;aj
iy ldr®ñl mqyqKq ls¯fï wêld˙h (NAITA)"
Y%S ,xld jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wêld˙h (SLVTA) iy ldr®ñl
wOHdmk yd mqyqKq ls¯fï fomdr®;fïka;=j (DTET)
yryd Y%ñlhka 10"000 la mqyqKq ls¯u i|yd rch
úiska remsh,a ñ,shk 500 la fjkalr we;' fuu
mqyqKq jevigyka hgf;a" cd;sl ksjdi ixjr®Ok
wêld˙fha ^cd'ks'ix'w'& wdor®Y jHdmD;sj, iy m%Odk
fldka;%d;alrejkaf.a b†ls¯ï jHdmD;sj, mqyqKqj
,nd.ekSu i|yd fh!jkhka 9"306 fofkl= cd;sl
wdOqksl;aj iy ldr®ñl mqyqKq ls¯fï wêld˙fha
,shdm†xÑ ù we;'
ksjdi yd kd.ßl ixj¾Okh
rfÜ wvq yd ue† wd∞hï,dNS ck;djf.a „jk
;;a;ajh by< kexùfï wruq◊ka rch ksjdi
ixjr®Ok jevigyka lsysmhla wLKavj l%shd;aul
lf<ah' wvq yd ue† wd∞hï,dNS ck;djf.ka

122

ksjdi myiqlï i|yd we;s by< b,aÆu imqrd,Sug
cd'ks'ix'w' yd kd.˙l ckdjdi ixjr®Ok wêld˙h
^kd'c'ix'w'& wLKavj jeo.;a ldr®hNdrhla bgq
lf<ah' fï i|yd" uqo,a wud;HdxYh úiska 2016
jir i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 6"432'0 la fjkalrk ,°'
fuhg wkql+,j" cd'ks'ix'w' yd kd.˙l ixjr®Ok
wêld˙h ^kd'ix'w'& hgf;a l%shd;aul jk úis˙ ksjdi
jevigyk" wúksYaÑ; iïNjhla iys; ksoka.;
jl=.vq frda.Ska i|yd ksjdi jevigyk" jekaoUqjka
i|yd ksjdi ,nd°fï jevigyk" msì≥Kq .ïudk
jevigyk" je,sTh úfYaI jHdmD;sh" fijK
.ïudk ksjdi jevigyk" iïm;a fijK ksjdi
jevigyk iy uOH wd∞hï,dNS ksjdi jevigyk
jeks kj ksjdi ixjr®Ok jHdmD;s lsysmhla ksjdi
yd b†ls¯ï wud;HdxYh úiska wdrïN lr we;' 2016
jir ;=< ° cd'ks'ix'w' úiska ksjdi tall 101"729 l
b†ls¯ï ksu l< w;r" wÆ;ska b† l< ksjdi
tall 7"559 la thg we;=<;a úh' ;jo" cd'ks'ix'w'
úiska m%;s,dNSkag ysñlï Tmamq yd l,an≥ Tmamq
ms˙keóu i|yd jevigykla l%shd;aul lrk ,°'
ta wkqj" 2016 jir ;=< ° ysñlï Tmamq 1"851 la yd
l,an≥ Tmamq 7"599 la ,nd ° we;' fï w;r" ksjil
ysñld˙;ajh fkdue;s neúka úúO wmyiq;djkag
,lajk wvq yd ue† wd∞hï,dNS lKavdhï b,lal
lr.ksñka úúO jevigyka ;=<ska iuia; ksjdi
ixLHdj by< kexùug cd'ks'ix'w' iy kd'c'ix'w'
ie,iqï lr we;' kd'c'ix'w' hgf;a is≥ lrk
,s∫, yd y,dj; ksjdi ixjr®Ok jevigykaj,g
w∞< b†ls¯ï lghq;= 2016 jifr® ° wjika l<
w;r" Ækdj ksjdi jHdmD;sfha ksjdi tall 356 l
b†ls¯ï lghq;= is≥ flfrñka mej;=◊' ;jo"
fld<U" yïnkaf;dg" lΩ;r" ;%sl=Kdu,h"
wkqrdOmqrh" l=reKE.," .d,a, yd wïmdr †ia;%slal
wdjrKh lrñka iajYla;s m%cd uQ,sl ixúOdk
msysgqùu" wvq myiqlï iys; ckdjdij, isák
ldka;djka iún, .ekaùu iy m%cd l%shdld˙;aj
jevuqΩ meje;aùu jeks udkj ixjr®Ok jevigyka
lsysmhla wvq wd∞hï,dNS m%cdjf.a „jk ;;a;ajh
by< kexùu i|yd kd'c'ix'w' úiska l%shd;aul
lrk ,°' yïnkaf;dg †ia;%slalfha b†flfrñka
mj;sk ksjdi jHdmD;sj,g w∞< iïnkaëlrK
lghq;= is≥ ls¯fï j.lSu o kd'c'ix'w'g mej¯ we;'
wvq wd∞hï,dNS mjq,aj,g ;sridr ksjdi
myiqlï ,nd°fï wruq◊ka 2016 jir ;=< °
m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®. lsysmhla f.k we;' iajNdúl
wdm∞j,ska we;sjk n,mEu wju ls¯u iy
;sridr udkj ckdjdi ixjr®Ok ixl,am l%shdjg
kexùu ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq lrñka rcfha
wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï
±lau ms<sìUq jk f,i cd;sl ksjdi m%;sm;a;sh
ixfYdaOkh ls¯ug mshjr f.k we;' fï w;r"
rfÜ jr®;udk ksjdi wjYH;dj ms<sn| úYajikSh
yd ld,Sk o;a; yd f;dr;=re fkdue;s ùu ksid
rfÜ ksjdi wjYH;dj imqrd,Su i|yd m%;sm;a;s
;SrK .ekSfï ° yd ie,iqï ilia ls¯fï °"
ksjdi yd b†ls¯ï wud;HdxYhg .egÆ u;= ù
we;' tneúka" uqΩ †jhsku wdjrKh jk f,i
ishÆ .%du ks,Od¯ jiïj, ksjdi wjYH;d ms<sn|
o;a; /ia ls¯u i|yd m%dfoaYSh f,alï ldr®hd,
uÜgñka iólaIKhla is≥ ls¯ug mshjr .kakd ,°'
iólaIK is≥ lrk ,o m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdY
331 w;=˙ka m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdY 315 lg w∞<
3
o;a; ksjdi yd b†ls¯ï wud;HdxYh fj; fï jk
úg ,eî we;' iólaIKfha jr®;udk m%;sM, wkqj"
mj;sk ksjdij, we;s whym;a ;;a;aj" ia:ßrj fyda
;djld,slj rfÜ fjk;a m%foaYj,g ixl%uKh
ùu jeks fya;= ksid mjq,a ñ,shk 2'4 lg wdikak
m%udKhlg wkd.;fha ° kj ksjila wjYH jkq
we;s w;r" mjq,a ñ,shkhlg muK ú≥,sn,h"
ikSmdrlaIl myiqlï iy m%fõY udr®. jeks há;,
myiqlï ,nd.ekSfï wjYH;dj mj;S'
kd.˙l há;, myiqlï ixjr®Okhg
il%Shj ∞hl jk w;ru wvq myiqlïj,ska hq;=
kd.˙l ckdjdij, †úf.jk mqoa.,hkaf.a
ksjdi myiqlï jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd kd'ix'w'
wLKavj jeo.;a ldr®hNdrhla bgq lf<ah'
2016 jifr® ° kd'ix'w' úiska ishfi; fijK
ksjdi jevigyk hgf;a ksjdi tall 266 l
b†ls¯ï lghq;= wjika l< w;r" ksjdi tall
12"963 l b†ls¯ï lghq;= is≥ flfrñka meje;=◊'
wúêu;a ixjr®Ok lghq;= fya;=fjka ±kg Ndú;hg
fkd.kakd ìï úêu;a l%shdldrlï i|yd Ndú;h
by< kexùfï wruq◊ka" fld<U fldgqj m†l
cd,h ixjr®Okh ls¯u iy h<s ia:dk.; l<
fj<|ie,a b†ls¯fï lghq;= 2016 jifr® ° wdrïN
fl˙◊' k.r ixjr®Ok jevigyka hgf;a m%Odk
k.r ixjr®Okh ls¯u i|yd kd'ix'w' wLKavj
m%uqL;ajh ° wdfhdackh lf<ah' ta wkqj" c,
wmjyk yd bvï ixjr®Okh" k.r ixjr®Okh"
udr®. ixjr®Okh iy nyq uy,a r:.d,a" jd◊c
ixlSr®K yd fmd≥ fj<|ie,a b†ls¯u jeks k.r
ixjr®Ok jHdmD;s lsysmhla 2016 jir ;=< °
l%shd;aul fjñka mej;=◊'
ksis f,i l<ukdlrKh l<fyd;a"
kd.¯lrKh jHdmdr yd lr®udka; i|yd Wmld¯ jkq
we;s w;r" .%dóh m%foaYj,ska ixl%uKh jQ mqoa.,hka
we;=Ωj m†xÑlrejkag /lshd yd by< wd∞hï
123
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
wjia:d i,id °ug fukau" mqoa.,hkaf.a idudkH
hymeje;au ;yjqre ls¯ug o fya;= fõ' tneúka"
kd.˙l há;, myiqlï iy fiajdj, uyd m˙udK
mqΩ,aùula wjYH jk neúka" kd.¯lrKh †hqKq
fjñka mj;sk rglg n,mdk m%Odk wNsfhda.hla
f,i ie,fla' há;, myiqlï i|yd by<
b,aÆula we;s lrñka Y%S ,xldfõ fndfyda m%foaY
YS>% kd.¯lrKhlg ,lafjñka mj;S' tneúka"
kd.¯lrKh;a iuÛ ksjdi" ldr®hlaIu m%jdyk
moaO;s" jdyk kj;d ;eîfï myiqlï" r:jdyk
;onoh l<ukdlrKh" fi!LH myiqlï" c,
iïmdok yd c,dmjykh" ikSmdrlaIl myiqlï"
li, l<ukdlrKh" ;sridr n,Yla;s iemhqu
3
iy WoHdk" úfõlh yd Yd¯˙l l%shdldrlï i|yd
we;s wjia:d jeks úfkda∞;aul myiqlïj,g w∞<
há;, myiqlï i|yd jk b,aÆu o by< hhs'
fuu by< hk wjYH;d y∫kd .ksñka" niakdysr
l,dmSh uydk.r uQ,sl ie,iqï jHdmD;sh"
uykqjr" hdmkh yd ;%sl=Kdu,h flakaø lr.;a
l%fudamdhsl k.r msysgqùu" kd.˙l m%foaYj,
.xj;=r wju ls¯fï jHdmD;s" le,◊ .x.dOdrfha
.xj;=r md,kh jeks úúO jHdmD;s uydk.r iy
niakdysr ixjr®Ok wud;HdxYh úiska ±kgu;a
wdrïN lr we;' fld<U uQ,H k.r ^jrdh k.r&
ixjr®Ok jHdmD;sh" Y%S chjr®Okmqr fldaÜfÜ
m˙md,k w.k.rh" fydaud.u-ud,fí úoHd yd
;dlaIK k.rh" fydrK yd ó˙.u ldr®ñl k.rh"
lgqkdhl .=jka k.rh" wúiaidfõ,a, jeú,s
k.rh iy n≥r,sh jkdka;r k.rh hk kd.˙l
ixjr®Ok jHdmD;s y;lska uydk.r jHdmD;sh
iukaú; fõ'
iudc wdrlaIK cd, jevms<sfj, iy È<s÷lu ;=rka
lsÍu
Y%S ,xldfõ ck.yk o˙ø;d or®Ylh ie,lsh hq;=
wvq ùula jdr®;d l< o" o˙ø;djfha m%dfoaYSh jHdma;sh"
uOHia: o˙ø;dj iy wd∞hï úIu;dj fya;=fjka
ir®j iyNd.s;ajhla iys; wdr®:ßl ixjr®Okhla
we;slr .ekSu Wfoid ndOd meñfKa' ckf,aLk
yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska mj;ajkq
,nk .Dy tall wd∞hï yd úhoï iólaIKhg
wkqj" Y%S ,xldfõ ks, o˙ø;d fr®Ldj mokï lr.;a
ck.yk o˙ø;d or®Ylh 2006$07 jir ;=< ° mej;s
ishhg 15'2 iy 2009$10 jir ;=< mej;s ishhg 8'9 g
idfmalaIj 2012$13 jir ;=< ° ishhg 6'7 la f,i
jdr®;d úh' m<d;a uÜgfuka ie,lSfï °" ck.yk
o˙ø;d or®Ylfha wju w.h jQ ishhg 2'0 niakdysr
m<df;ka jdr®;d jQ w;r by<u w.h jQ ishhg 15'4
124
W!j m<df;ka jdr®;d úh' †ia;%sla uÜgfï ck.yk
o˙ø;d or®Ylh ie,ls,a,g .;a úg wju w.h jQ
ishhg 1'4 fld<U †ia;%slalfhka jdr®;d jQ w;r
by<u w.h jQ ishhg 28'8 uq,;sõ †ia;%slalfhka
jdr®;d úh' fï w;r" j;= iy .%dóh wxYj, o˙ø;d
or®Yl ms<sfj<ska ishhg 10'9 la iy ishhg 7'6 la
jQ w;r kd.˙l wxYh i|yd tu w.h ishhg 2'1 la
jQ my< uÜgul mej;=◊' o˙ø;djfha m%dfoaYSh
jHdma;sh foi n,k úg we;eï †ia;%slalj, ;ju;a
wka; o˙ø;djfhka hq;= m%foaY mj;sk nj fmkakqï
lrhs' uq,;sõ †ia;%slalhg wu;rj" fudKrd.,"
uvl,mqj" ukakdru" n≥,a, iy ls,sfkdÉÑ hk
†ia;%slalj, ck.yk o˙ø;d or®Yl ms<sfj<ska
ishhg 20'8" ishhg 19'4" ishhg 20'1" ishhg
12'3 iy ishhg 12'7 la f,i idfmalaIj by<
uÜgul mj;S' flfia fj;;a" by< ck.yk
o˙ø;d or®Ylhla u.ska fmkakqï lrk o˙ø;djfha
m%dfoaYSh jHdma;sh ;=<ska úúO m%foaYj, mj;sk
o˙ø;djfha ienE iajrEmh meye†,sj ms<sìUq
fkdlrhs' uq,;sõ iy ukakdru †ia;%slalj,
ck.yk o˙ø;d or®Yl ms<sfj<ska ishhg 28'8 la iy
ishhg 20'1 la jqj o" fuu †ia;%slal foflys †<s∫
ck.ykh uqΩ †<s∫ ck.ykfhka ishhg 3'4 la
muKla fõ' flfia fj;;a" ck.yk o˙ø;d
or®Ylh ishhg 6'5 la jQ l=reKE., †ia;%slalfhys
iuia; †<s∫ ck;djf.ka ishhg 7'6 la
jdih lrhs' tneúka" o˙ø;d uÜgïj, mj;sk fuu
m%dfoaYSh úIu;d u.ska iuia; o˙ø;djh wvq ls¯fï
l%shdudr®. i|yd ie,lsh hq;= wNsfhda.hla t,a,
lrhs' ;jo" rfÜ o˙ø;djh ms<sn|j ksjer† ñkqï
,nd.ekSu i|yd ks, o˙ø;d fr®Ldj hdj;ald,Sk
ls¯fï ±ä wjYHdjhla o mj;S' tla mqoa.,fhl=
i|yd tla udihlg remsh,a 3"624 la jk 2012$13
jir i|yd jk jr®;udk ks, o˙ø;d fr®Ldjg
moku ù we;af;a" wdikak jYfhka iuia;
ck.ykfhka ishhg 13 la muK „j;ajk W;=re
yd kef.kysr m<d;aj, †ia;%slal wgla wdjrKh
fkdjk m˙† mj;ajk ,o 2002 jifr® .Dy tall
wd∞hï yd úhoï iólaIKfhka jHq;amkak lrk
3'12 ixLHd igyk
ck.yk oßø;d o¾Ylh ^]&
wxYh 1995$96 2002 2006$07 2009$10 2012$13
Y%S ,xldj 28.8 22.7 15.2 8.9 6.7
kd.˙l 14.0 7.9 6.7 5.3 2.1
.%dóh 30.9 24.7 15.7 9.4 7.6
j;= 38.4 30.0 32.0 11.4 10.9
uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j

,o m˙fNdack rgdjkah' tneúka" fuu 2002 .Dy
tall wd∞hï yd úhoï iólaIKh u.ska jr®;udk
m˙fNdack rgdj ms<sìUq fkdjk w;ru rfÜ
iuia; m˙fNdack rgdj o fmkakqï fkdlrhs' ;jo"
tla tla .Dy tall wd∞hï yd úhoï iólaIKh
i|yd wjYH ks, o˙ø;d fr®Ldj weia;fïka;= lrkq
,nkafka 2002 jir i|yd w∞< ks, o˙ø;d fr®Ldj
fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh Ndú;fhka
WoaOukh yd .e<mSu u.sks' flfia fj;;a"
fld<U md˙fNda.slhkaf.a ñ, or®Ylh ilia
lrkq ,nkafka fld<U †ia;%slalfha .Dy
tallj, m˙fNdack rgdj iy is,a,r ñ,
.Kka mokï lr .ksñks' tneúka" fld<U
md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh u.ska wfkl=;a m%foaYj,
m˙fNdack rgdj iy is,a,r ñ, .Kka ms<sìUq
fkdflfr®' o˙ø;dj ksr®Kh ls¯u i|yd jk
cd;Hka;r m˙ph jkafka fjkiajk m˙fNdack
rgdjka ms<sìUq jk m˙† ksr;=reju ks, o˙ø;d
fr®Ldj hdj;ald,Sk ls¯uhs' m%Yia; cd;Hka;r
m˙phka wkq.ukh ls¯fï wjYH;dj iy
Y%S ,xldfõ jr®;udk ks, o˙ø;d fr®Ldfõ wvqmdvq
ie,ls,a,g .;aúg" rgmqrd mj;sk o˙ø;d uÜgï
ksjer†j we.hSu i|yd mj;sk ks, o˙ø;d fr®Ldj
hdj;ald,Sk ls¯u jeo.;a fõ'
f,dal nexl=fõ o˙ø;d fr®Ldjg wkqj ^2011 jifr® °
l%h Yla;s iduHh u; mokï jQ& Y%S ,xldfõ
wka; o˙ø;dj" tkï mqoa.,fhl= i|yd †klg
t'c' fvd,r® 1'90 lg jvd wvq uÜgfï „j;ajk
ck;djf.a m%;sY;h 2012$13 jifr® ° ishhg 1'9 l
uÜgul mej;=◊' flfia fj;;a" f,dal nexl=fõ
ixLHdf,aLkj,g wkqj 2012 jifr® ° ishhg 14'6 la
jQ uOHia: o˙ø;dj" tkï 2011 l%h Yla;s iduHhg
wkqj mqoa.,fhl= i|yd †klg t'c' fvd,r® 3'10 lg
wvq uÜgfï „j;ajk ck;djf.a m%;sY;h"
ie,lsh hq;= by< uÜgul mj;S' Y%S ,xldfõ
wka; o˙ø;dj my< uÜgul mej;sh o" furg
ck.ykfhka wfgka tllg wdikak ixLHdjla"
mqoa.,fhl= i|yd †klg t'c' fvd,r® 3'10 lg
^2011 l%hYla;s iduHhg& jvd wvq uÜgul iy
f,dal nexl=fõ o˙ø;d fr®Ldjg by<ska isák
ck.ykh f,i wr®: olajd we;s zwdikak o˙ø;dZ
ldKavhg we;=<;a fõ' by< wdr®:ßl wkdrlaIs;
;;a;ajhl „j;a jk zwdikak o˙ø;dZ ldKavdhug
wh;a ck;dj" iajdNdúl úm;a jeks wj∞kïld¯
;;a;ajhka yuqfõ wka; o˙ø;d uÜgug weo
jeàfï by< iïNdú;djla mj;S' fï w;r"
wd∞hï wiudk;djfha .eUqrenj ukskq ,nk .s◊
wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï
ix.=Klh" l=gqïn wd∞hu i|yd 2009$10 jifr® °
mej;s 0'49 g idfmalaIj 2012$13 jifr® ° 0'48 la
úh' l=gqïn úhofï .s◊ ix.=Klh 2009$10 jifr®
mej;s 0'37 g idfmalaIj 2012$13 jifr® ° 0'40 la
úh' fï fya;=fjka" uE; ld,Skj m˙fNdack
wiudk;dj jr®Okh ù we;s w;r" wd∞hï fn°
hEfï úIu;djh úi∫ï fiúh hq;= .egÆjla f,i
mj;S' m˙fNdack wiudk;dj jr®Okh ùu" fi!LH
iy wOHdmk fiajd i|yd jk wiudk wjia:d
iuÛ iïnkaO;djhla fmkakqï lrhs' Y%S ,xldfõ
ir®j iyNd.s;ajhla iys; wdr®:ßl jr®Okhla i|yd
†<s∫lu ;=rka ls¯fï wjYH;dj jgyd.;a rch" 2017
jir zo˙ø;djh ;=rka ls¯fï jirZ f,i m%ldYhg
3
m;alr we;' fuu jevigyk Tiafia Y%S ,xldfõ
†<s∫lu ;=rka ls¯u i|yd mqΩ,a jevigykla
l%shd;aul ls¯ug yd iduQysl m%h;akhla u.ska jir
2030 jkúg ;sridr ixjr®Ok wNsu;dr®: imqrd
.ekSug m%uqL;djh ,nd°u i|yd ksis wjOdkhla
fhduq jkq we;ehs wfmalaId flfr®'
iudc wdrlaIK jevigyka u.ska l=gqïnj,
„jfkdamdh ixjr®Okh iy ir®j iyNd.s;ajhla
iys; wdr®:ßl jr®Okh by< kexùu flfrys by<
wjOdkhla fhduq lrhs' rfÜ m%Odk;u iudc
wdrlaIK cd, jevigyk jk iuDoaê$†úke.=u
iykdOdr jevigyk hgf;a 2016 jifr® ° mjq,a
ñ,shk 1'41 lg m%;s,dN i,iñka remsh,a ì,shk
40'7 la ,nd ° we;' ;jo" i,ld n,k ld,m˙Éf√oh
;=< ° iuDoaê$†úke.=u iudc wdrlaIK wruqo,
hgf;a m%;s,dNSka 323"396 la i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk
987'6 l muK uqo,la jehlr we;' fuhg wu;rj"
ldka;d yd <ud lghq;= wud;HdxYh úiska
uõjrekaf.a yd <uqkaf.a fmdaIK uÜgï by<
kexùfï wruq◊ka" .r®N” uõjrekag fmdaIK
u,a,la ,nd°u iy jhi wjqre≥ 2-5 w;r <uqkag
kejqï ls˙ ,nd°fï jevigyka i|yd 2016 jir
;=< ° ms<sfj<ska remsh,a ì,shk 5'7 la yd remsh,a
ñ,shk 106'4 la jehlr we;' fuhg wu;rj" rch
úiska mdi,a wdydr jevigyk" ;%sfmdaI jevigyk"
wdndê; iyk" jeäysá f.ùï iy wdm∞ iyk
jeks fjk;a iudc Wmldrl jevigyka lsysmhla
2016 jir ;=< ° wLKavj l%shd;aul lrk ,°'
fláld,Skj †<s∫ ck;djf.a m˙fNdack uÜgu
by< kexùu i|yd iudc wdrlaIK jevigyka
w;HjYH jqj o" wvq wd∞hï,dNS mjq,a wLKavj
o˙ø;djfhka fm<Su je<elaùu iy Tjqka fjkqfjka
rchg úhoula ±¯ug is≥ fkdùu ms◊i Tjqkaf.a
wd∞hï bmehSfï yelshdj jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd
125
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
m%Odk iqNidOk jevigyka - iykdOdr,dNS mjq,a ixLHdj iy m%odkhkays jákdlu
†úke.=u $ iuDoaê iykdOdr
jir
jevigyk
mjq,a ixLHdj
^w& ^re' ñ,shk& ^wd&
2012 1,549,107
2013 1,477,313
2014 1,479,811
2015 1,453,078
2016 1,407,235
^w& jir wjidkfha °
^wd& N+ñf;,a iykdOdrh o we;=<;aj
rch jeä wjOdkhla fhduq l< hq;=h' fï i|yd"
3
wvq wd∞hï,dNS mjq,a i|yd úúO udr®. ;=<ska
wdh;ksl iydh ,nd†h yelsh' ish wd∞hï udr®.
úúOdx.SlrKh ls¯ug f.dú ck;dj †˙.ekaùu"
ldka;d Y%u n,ld iyNd.s;ajh yd ldka;djka i|yd
/lshd wjia:d we;s ls¯u ;=<ska .Dy tall wd∞hu
i|yd ldka;djkaf.ka ,efnk ∞hl;ajh jeä
ls¯u" jvd hym;a uQ,H l<ukdlrKh iy l=gqïn
b;=reï †˙.ekaùu u.ska uQ,H wka;r®.;Ndjh
jeä†hqKq ls¯u iy wvq wd∞hï,dNS mjq,aj,
ck;djg jD;a;Suh mqyqKq jevigyka ,nd °u
;=<ska mqyqKq Y%ñl ixl%uK †˙.ekaùu" †.=ld,Skj
o˙ø;dj wvq ls¯u i|yd .; yels m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®.
lsysmhls'
mßirh
wdr®:ßl jr®Okh iy wdr®:ßl lghq;= ksid we;s
jk wiqnjd° m%;sM, (externalities) ;=,kd;aulj
mj;ajdf.k hEu wdr®:ßl ixjr®Ok l%shdj,sfha °
wNsfhda.d;aul ldr®hhla fõ' idudkHfhka" by<
wdr®:ßl jr®Okhla w;alr .ekSfï ° iajNdúl
iïm;a jeä jYfhka m˙fNdackh ls¯ug iu.dój
úYd, m˙udKfhka wmøjH ksmoùu o is≥ fõ'
tneúka" ishÆ „ùkag ydkslr jk m˙ir úkdYh
je<elaùu i|yd iajNdúl iïm;a m˙fNdackh
;sridr uÜgulska mj;ajd f.k hEu yd ksis
m˙† wmøjH neyer ls¯u ;=<ska is≥flfrk m˙ir
ixrlaIKh wdr®:ßl ixjr®Okh ;=< wka;r®.; jQ
l%shdj,shla njg m;a ls¯u wjeis fõ'
m˙irh /l .ekSu iïnkaOfhka uyck;dj
±kqïj;a ls¯u iy wdh;ksl iyh ,nd°u
Y%S ,xld rch úiska 2016 jir ;=< ° o wLKavj
is≥ lrk ,°' 2015 jifr® ° meje;ajQ foaY.=◊l
úmr®hdi ms<sn| tlai;a cd;Skaf.a jHqyd;aul
126
3'13 ixLHd igyk
fmdaIK °ukd jevigyk úh<s i,dl jevigyk
jákdlu mjq,a ixLHdj jákdlu jákdlu
^w& ^re' ñ,shk& ^re' ñ,shk&
10,553 55,299 250 54
15,256 40,403 204 33
15,042 47,858 279 28
39,994 ,e'fkd' 2,422 118
40,740 ,e'fkd' 5,746 111
uQ,hka( †úke.=u ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j
ldka;d yd <ud lghq;= wud;HdxYh
uqo,a wud;HdxYh
iïuq;sh ms<sn| iuqΩfjka wk;=rej uyck;dj
w;r foaY.=◊l úmr®hdi yd b†˙ ixjr®Ok
Wmdhudr®. ms<sn|j ±kqïj;aNdjhla we;s lrkq
jia" uyje,s ixjr®Ok yd m˙ir wud;HdxYh úiska
2016 jifr® ° zY%S ,xld fklaiaÜ (Sri Lanka Next)
-kS, y˙; hq.hlaZ kñka jHdmD;shla wrUk ,°'
fï hgf;a iKi jHdmdrh" ir®fjdaoh jHdmdrh
iy †ú ke.=u fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wdh;k cd,h
jeks m%cd ixúOdk yryd 2016-2020 ld,h ;=< °
zkS, y˙; ,iaik ,xld .ïudkZ 10"000 la
ixjr®Okh ls¯fï jevms<sfj< i|yd wud;H
uKav,h wkque;sh ,nd fok ,°' fuhg wu;rj"
zwm wdYajdi lrk jd;h - 2016Z hk f;audj hgf;a
jdhq ;;a;aj l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| cd;sl iuqΩj
yh jk jrg;a 2016 uehs udifha ° mj;ajk ,°'
fuu iuqΩfõ °" jdhq ;;a;aj ms<sn| mr®fhaIK"
ixjr®Ok iy y˙; wdr®:ßlhla i|yd wjeis lghq;=
l%shdjg kxjk rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl wxYfha
wdh;kj, ldr®ñl úfYaI{hka" úoHd{hka iy
jD;a;Shfõ°kaf.a woyia idlÉPdjg n∫ka úh'
fuhg wu;rj" f.dùka yd isiqka i|yd lDIsldr®ñl
lafIa;%hkays Ydl iy ffcj úúO;ajh iy ji úi
ke;s wdydr ksIamdokh ms<sn|j ±kqïj;a ls¯fï
jevigyka yd jevuqΩ lsysmhla o mj;ajk ,°'
2016 jifr® ° Y%S ,xldj me˙ia .súiqu l%shd;aul
ls¯ug tlÛ jQ w;r" f.da,Sh WKqiqu by< hEu wvq
ls¯u i|yd ie,eiaula we;s ls¯ug cd;Hka;r m%cdj
iuÛ tla úh' 2016 fkdjeïnr® 04 jk †k isg
me˙ia .súiqu n,d;aul úh' fuu ishjfia f.da,Sh
WKqiqu" ldr®ólrKhg fmr mej;s WIaK;ajhg
jvd fi,aishia wxYl 2 lska jeä uÜgug jvd
wvq ;;a;ajhl mj;ajd .ekSu u.ska foaY.=◊l
úmr®hdi fya;=fjka we;sjk ;r®ckj,g olajk
f.da,Sh m%;spdrh Yla;su;a ls¯u me˙ia .súiqfï
uQ,sl wruqK fõ' fuhg wu;rj" foaY.=◊l

úmr®hdij,ska we;sjk n,mEïj,g uqyqK°ug
rgj,aj,g we;s yelshdj iúu;a ls¯u o fuu
.súiqfï wruqKls'
;sridr wdr®:ßl jr®Okhla i|yd miqìu i,iñka
m˙irh iq/lSu iy l<ukdlrKh ls¯fï mqΩ,a
jevigyka fm<la uOHu m˙ir wêld˙h u.ska
l%shd;aul lrk ,°' i,ld n,k ld,m˙Éf√oh
;=< °" uOHu m˙ir wêld˙h úiska >k wmøjH
l<ukdlrKhg m%uqL;dj ,nd fok ,°' fï wkqj"
2016 jifr® ° uOHu m˙ir wêld˙fha ms<sire
jHdmD;sh u.ska kj fldïfmdaiaÜ ksmehqï ia:dk" „j
jdhq n,d.dr" wmøjH fi!LHdrlaIs;j f.dvlrk
ìï" ma,diaála m%;spl%ShlrK uOHia:dk iy
ma,diaála$fmd,s;Ska wmøjH .nvdlrk uOHia:dk
msysgqùu i|yd úúO m<d;a md,k wdh;kj,g
wruqo,a imhd we;' fï jk úg wúêu;aj neyer
flfrk kd.˙l >k wmøjH ksYaÑ; jYfhka
neyer ls¯u i|yd" taldnoaO >k wmøjH neyer
ls¯fï ia:dk jYfhka úoHdkql+,j m%;HlaI
flreKq" fi!LHdrlaIs;j wmøjH f.dvlrk ìï
b†ls¯fï jHdmD;shla o uOHu m˙ir wêld˙h
úiska l%shd;aul fl˙◊' fï jHdmD;sh
hgf;a wkqrdOmqrfha lS˙lal=,u" yslalvqfõ
fudkafrdaúhdj;a;" ue†˙.s˙fha ó.iajej iy
hdmkfha lS¯uf,hs hk m%foaYj, fi!LHdrlaIs;j
wmøjH f.dvlrk ìï b†flfrk w;r" tu
ìï" iduQysl mokula hgf;a w∞< m<d;a md,k
wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï
wdh;kj,g wh;a m%foaYj, fYaIjk wmøjH ksYaÑ;
f,i neyer flfrk ia:dk jYfhka l%shd;aul
jkq we;' 2016 jifr® °" lS˙lal=,u" ó.iajej iy
fudkafrdaúhdj;a; m%foaYj, fi!LHdrlaIs;j
wmøjH f.dvlrk ìïj, iúia;rd;aul ie,iqï o"
lS¯uf,hs ìfï ixl,amSh ie,iqu o ilia fldg
wjika fl˙◊' 2016 jifr® ° .%Ska mdr®la wdh;kh
u.ska m<d;a md,k wdh;kj, ks,Od¯kag" isiqkag
iy rcfha yd rdcH fkdjk wdh;;j, ks,Od¯kag"
úúO wOHdmk jevigyka mj;ajk ,°' fuhg
wu;rj" uOHu m˙ir wêld˙h u.ska bf,lafg%dksl
wmøjH l<ukdlrK jHdmD;shla iy ifudaOdksl
fmd,s;Ska yd ma,diaála l<ukdlrK jHdmD;shla
3
2016 jir ;=< ° wrUk ,°' ;jo" c,fha
.=Kd;aulNdjh wëlaIKh flfrk jHdmD;s
lsysmhla" úfYaIfhkau le,◊ iy fnkaf;dg
.x.d wdY%s;j" 2016 jifr® ° l%shd;aul úh' fuhg
wu;rj" uOHu m˙ir wêld˙h úiska †h we,s wdY%s;
m%foaY m˙ir ixrlaIK m%foaY f,i kï lrk ,°'
fï w;r" l=vd c, ú≥,s jHdmD;s u.ska iDcqj iy
jl%dldrj †h we,sj,g is≥jk md˙i˙l n,mEu
ie,ls,a,g f.k" †h we,s wdY%s;j tjeks jHdmD;s
b†ls¯ug wkque;sh °u iSud flre◊' ;jo" i,ld
n,k jir ;=< ° uOHu m˙ir wêld˙h u.ska fmr
y∫kd .kakd ,o m˙ir ixrlaIK m%foaY kjhla
wëlaIKhg ,la jQ w;r" ;j;a tjeks ixrlaIK
m%foaY yhla fjka ls¯ug o fhdackd fldg we;'
127
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

128
 ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy
4'1 iuia; ksÍlaIK
c kf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
u.ska .Kkh lrkq ,nk" cd;sl md˙fNda.sl
ñ, or®Ylh ^cd'md'ñ'o'" 2013}100& iy fld<U
md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh ^fld'md'ñ'o'" 2013}100&
u.ska ukskq ,nk idudkH ñ, uÜgu" 2016 jifr®
° ñY% úp,k iys;j iuia;hla f,i by< hk
keUqrejla ±laùh' idudkH ñ, uÜgfuys úp,kh
wdydr ldKavfhys ñ, úp,kj,g fndfyda fihska
wkqrEm úh' jifr® wjia:d lsysmhl ° rch úiska
y∫kajd≥ka n≥ ixfYdaOk m%Odk jYfhka fya;=
fldgf.k is≥ jQ wdydr fkdjk ldKavfhys ñ,
m%jK;do idudkH ñ, uÜgfuys úp,k i|yd
fya;= úh' ;jo" 2015 jir ;=<° mej;s my< ñ,
jd;djrKhg idfmaCIj cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd<
ñ, .Kka by< hEu iy foaYSh uqo, wjm%udKh
ùu fya;=fjka wdkhkh lrk ,o md˙fNda.sl
NdKavj, ñ, .Kka by< hEu" idudkH ñ,
uÜgu u; hï mSvkhla we;s lf<ah' fï w;r"
wdr®:ßlfhys b,aÆï mSvkh yÛjñka" ld,
m˙Éf√oh ;=< ° uQ,sl cd'md'ñ'o' iy uQ,sl
fld'md'ñ'o' u.ska ukskq ,nk há±˙ ñ, úp,kho
by< hk keUqrejla fmkakqï lrk ,°' fuu
by< hEu flfrys rch úiska y∫kajd≥ka n≥
ixfYdaOko fya;= úh' iuia;hla jYfhka ld,
m˙Éf√oh ;=< ° idudkH ñ, uÜgfuys iy há±˙
WoaOukfhys by< hk keUqrej ksIamdolhdf.a
ñ, or®Ylh ^ks'ñ'o'& u.ska o ±l.; yels úh' fï
w;r" wdr®:ßlfhys ishÆu wxYj, kdñl jegqma
by< .sho" rdcH iy úêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYj,
uQr®; jegqmaj, my< hEula olakg ,eì◊' fiajd
kshqla;sh i,ld n,k úg" 2015 jirg idfmalaIj
4
M,odhs;dj
2016 jifr® ° wdr®:ßlfha fiajd kshqla;s wjia:dj,
is≥ jQ jr®Okh ms<sìUq lrñka iuia; fiajd úhqla;s
wkqmd;slh my< .sfhah' ;reKhka" ldka;djka iy
by< wOHdmk iq≥iqlï iys; mqoa.,hka w;r fiajd
úhqla;sh ;j≥rg;a by< uÜgul mej;s◊' úfoaY
/lshd i|yd msg;ajQ mqoa.,hka ixLHdj u.ska ms<sìUq
jk úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s wjia:d 2016 jifr® °
my< .sfhah'
4'2 ñ,
ñ, úp,k iy ta i|yd odhl jQ idOl
cd;sl mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylh ^cd'md'ñ'o'&
iuia; †jhsku wdjrKh flfrk" cd'md'ñ'o'
^2013}100& ys úp,kh u.ska ukskq ,nk fmd≥
ñ, uÜgu 2016 jir ;=< ° ñY% úp,k iys;j"
iuia;hla jYfhka by< hk keUqrejla fmkakqï
lf<ah' cd'md'ñ'o' 2016 ckjd˙ udifha ° or®Yl
wxl 112'0 la jQ w;r" th foieïnr® ui jk úg
or®Yl wxl 118'0 olajd by< .sfhah' 2016 ckjd˙
isg udr®;= ui olajd cd'md'ñ'o' my< .sh w;r" th
2016 wfma%,a isg cQks ui olajd by< .sfhah' flfia
jqj;a" 2016 cQ,s iy wf.daia;= udij, ° cd'md'ñ'o'
my< .sh w;r bka wk;=rej tu m%jK;dj fjkia
lrñka l%ufhka by< .sfhah' cd'md'ñ' or®Ylfhys
úp,kh fndfyda fihska wdydr ldKavfha úp,kh
wkqj is≥ úh' tfiau m%Odk jYfhka rcfha n≥
ixfYdaOk y∫kajd°u" w;aysgqùu iy kej; y∫kajd
°ug wkql+,j is≥ jQ wdydr fkdjk ldKavfhys
úp,k wkqj" cd'md'ñ'o' ñY% m%jK;d ±laùh'
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

4'1 ixLHd igyk

ñ, o¾Ylj, fjkiaùï

or®Ylh ^jir w.& jdr®Isl ,CIHuh m%;sY; fjki jdr®Isl idudkH m%;sY; fjki

or®Ylh 2015 foie$ 2016 foie$ 2016$2015
2015 2016 ^w& 2015$2014
2014 foie 2015 foie ^w& ^w&
cd'md'ñ'o' ^2013}100& 113.2 118.0 4.2 4.2 3.8 4.0

fld'md'ñ'o' ^2013}100& 109.8 114.7 4.6 4.5 2.2 4.0

fld'md'ñ'o' ^2006$07}100& 185.2 192.8 2.8 4.1 0.9 3.7

ks'ñ'o' ^2013-4 jeks ldr®;=j}100& 107.2 ^wd& 115.5 5.0 ^wd& 7.7 3.6 ^wd& 1.7

o'foa'ks' wjOuklh ^2010}100& 126.8 ^wd& 131.4 - - 0.8 ^wd& 3.6

^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& ixfYdaê;

cd'md'ñ' or®Ylfhys jdr®Isl ,laIHuh fjki 4'1 rEm igyk

u.ska ukskq ,nk WoaOukh" 2016 jifr® ° iuia;hla WoaOukfhys úp,k
jYfhka ñY% úp,k iys;j by< hk keUqrejla ^cd'md'ñ'o' ^2013}100& iy fld'md'ñ'o' ^2013}100&&
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m%;sY;h

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mokï n,mEu fya;=fjka" 2016 ckjd˙ udifha ° 0

cd'md'ñ' or®Ylfhys jdr®Isl ,laIHuh WoaOukh

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by< hEu fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® uehs iy cqks
udij, ° cd'md'ñ' or®Ylfhys jdr®Isl ,laIHuh
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we;s jQ hym;a ;;a;ajh fya;=fjka 2016 cq,s iy
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keUqrejla fmkakqï lf<ah' rcfha n≥ ixfYdaOk
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flfrys iqΩ jYfhka ∞hl úh' 2016 fkdjeïnr®
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w;r" tu ld,fha ° meje;s kshx ;;a;ajfhys
n,mEu ;rula ≥rg fya;=fldg f.k wdydr ñ,
.Kkao by< .sfhah' 2016 jifr® w. Nd.h jk úg
cd'md'ñ' or®Ylfhys jdr®Isl ,laIHuh WoaOukh
ueo ;ks b,lalul wdikakfha meje;sfhah'
fï w;r" cd'md'ñ' or®Ylfhys jdr®Isl idudkH
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.sfhah'
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fld<U mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylh ^fld'md'ñ'o'&
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meje;s fld'md'ñ'o' ^2013}100& 2016 foieïnr®
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fld'md'ñ'or®Ylfhys jdr®Isl ,laIHuh WoaOukh o
cd'md'ñ' or®Ylfhys WoaOukhg iudk m%jK;djla
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131
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132
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WoaOukld¯ mSvkh ,sys,a ls¯u flfrys Wm˙u
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w.h my; jeàu fuu by< hEu i|yd fya;= jQ
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fï w;r" cd;sl T!IO kshduk wêld˙h úiska 2016
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wvq flre◊' m%jdyk Wm ldKavh ;=< 2016
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133
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

udifha °" tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ wkqmd;h ishhg uQ,sl WoaOukh

11 isg ishhg 15 olajd by< ±uQ w;r" md˙fNda.sl
wdr®:ßlfha b,aÆï mSvkhla meje;s nj ms<sìUq
ñ, or®Yl mefiys we;s Wm ldKav lsysmhla
lrñka" uQ,sl cd'md'ñ'o' yd uQ,sl fld'md'ñ'o' hk
^ikaksfõok iy iuyr fi!LH whs;u& i|yd
or®Yl foflysu ,laIHuh WoaOukh by< hk
meje;s tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ ksoyia ls¯ï
m%jK;djla jir ;=< fmkakqï lf<ah' rcfha n≥
w;aysgqjk ,°' ta wkqj" fi!LH iy ikaksfõok Wm
ixfYdaOk fya;=fjka wdydr fkdjk ldKavfha
ldKav ;=< we;s w∞< Wm wxYj, ñ, by< hEula
olakg ,enqKs' flfia jqjo" tl;= l< w.h u; whs;uj, ñ, ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< hEu;a iu.
n≥ by< ±óu 2016 cQ,s udifha ° w;aysgqjk ,°' uQ,sl WoaOukh 2016 uehs udifha ° ;shqKq jeäùula
tfia kuq;a" tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ jeäùu jdr®;d lf<ah' 2016 cQ,s iy wf.daia;= udij, °
w;aysgqùug m%;spdr f,i ks¯laIKh l< ñ, .Kka jdr®Isl ,laIHuh uQ,sl WoaOukfha ;shqKq wvqùug
wfmalaIs; m˙† my< hEula úfYaIfhkau fi!LH rcfha n≥ ixfYdaOk w;aysgqùu ;rula ≥rg fya;=
Wm ldKavfha olakg fkd,eì◊' wk;=rej" 2016 úh' kej;;a rcfha n≥ ixfYdaOk ls%hd;aul ùu
fkdjeïnr® ui ° kej;;a tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ fya;=fjka 2016 fkdjeïnr® iy foieïnr® udij,
by< ±óu kej; ls%hd;aul jQ w;r th m%Odk ° uQ,sl WoaOukh by< .sfhah' tuksid" cd'md'ñ'
jYfhkau wdydr fkdjk whs;uhkays ñ, by< or®Ylfhys uQ,sl WoaOukh 2016 ckjd˙ udifha
hEug fya;= úh' ° ishhg 3'0 ys isg 2016 cqks udifha ° ishhg 7'5
4'4 ixLHd igyk
mßmd,s; ñ, iys; m%Odk whs;u

4
ñ, ^jir w.& - remsh,a m%;sY; fjki ^w&

whs;uh tallh
2014 2015 2016 2014$2013 2015$2014 2016$2015
ãi,a - ,x' L' kS' ix ,S' 1la 111.00 95.00 95.00 -8.3 -14.4 -
ãi,a - ,x' b' f;' ix' ,S' 1la 111.00 95.00 95.00 -8.3 -14.4 -
N+ñf;,a ,S' 1la 81.00 49.00 44.00 -23.6 -39.5 -10.2
fmg%, a ,S' 1la 150.00 117.00 117.00 -7.4 -22.0 -
.Eia - ,sfg%d ls'.%E' 12'5 1,896.00 1,346.00 1,321.00 -20.9 -29.0 -1.9
.Eia - ,dµa ls'.%E' 12'5 1,896.00 1,346.00 1,321.00 -20.9 -29.0 -1.9
±úf;,a ^1500& ,S' 1la 90.00 80.00 80.00 - -11.1 -
±úf;,a ^3500& ,S' 1la 90.00 80.00 80.00 - -11.1 -

ú≥,sh .dia;= - ia:djr ^wd& .dia;= ldKavh tall 0-30 30.00 30.00 30.00 - - -
tall 31-60 60.00 60.00 60.00 - - -
tall 61-90 90.00 90.00 90.00 - - -
tall 91-180 480.00 480.00 480.00 52.4 - -
tall 180 g jeä 540.00 540.00 540.00 28.6 - -
ú≥,sh .dia;= - tall ^wd& .dia;= ldKavh
tall 60 g wvq tall 0-30 2.50 2.50 2.50 -16.7 - -
tall 31-60 4.85 4.85 4.85 3.2 - -

tall 60 g jeä tall 0-60 7.85 7.85 7.85 -21.5 - -

tall 61-90 10.00 10.00 10.00 -16.7 - -
tall 91-120 27.75 27.75 27.75 4.7 - -
tall 121-180 32.00 32.00 32.00 4.9 - -
tall 180 g jeä 45.00 45.00 45.00 7.1 - -

c, .dia;= - tall ^we& .dia;= ldKavh tall 0-5 8.00 8.00 8.00 - - -
tall 6-10 11.00 11.00 11.00 - - -
tall 11-15 20.00 20.00 20.00 - - -
tall 16-20 40.00 40.00 40.00 - - -
tall 21-25 58.00 58.00 58.00 - - -
tall 26-30 88.00 88.00 88.00 - - -
tall 31-40 105.00 105.00 105.00 - - -
tall 41-50 120.00 120.00 120.00 - - -
tall 51-75 130.00 130.00 130.00 - - -
tall 75 g jeä 140.00 140.00 140.00 - - -
nia .dia;= ^wE& - -8.2 6.0
^w& z-Z u.ska ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=<† m˙md,s; ñ, .Kkaj, fjkila is≥ fkdjq nj olajhs' uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& 2014'09'16 †k isg ls%hd;aul jk m˙† ú≥,sh i`oyd jQ ia:djr .dia;= iy tAll .dia;= my< ouk ,°'
^wd& 2014'11'01 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† tAll 25 g jvd wvq m˙fNdackhla iys; .Dyia: md˙fNda.slhkaf.a c, ì,amf;ys
jákdlfuka ishhg 10 l wvq ls¯ula ,nd fok ,°'
^wE& 2016'08'01 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† u.S nia .dia;= ishhg 6 lska by, ouk ,†' wju nia .dia;=j remsh,a 8'00 isg remsh,a
9'00 olajd by, ouk ,†'

134
 ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,odhs;dj

olajd by< f.dia 2016 foieïnr® udifha ° ishhg 4'5 ixLHd igyk
6'7 ys ia:djr úh' fï w;r" fld'md'ñ' or®Ylfhys o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha wjOuklh
uQ,sl WoaOukh 2016 ckjd˙ udifha ° ishhg 3'6 ^2010}100&
ys isg 2016 foieïnr® ui jk úg ishhg 5'8 lrd or®Ylh m%;sY; fjki
<Ûd úh' wxYh 2014 2015 2016 2015$2014 2016$2015
^w& ^w& ^wd& ^w& ^wd&
b,aÆï wxYfha m%jK;d fya;=fjka ñ, uÜgu
lDIslr®udka; 129.7 133.5 138.7 3.0 3.9
by< hEu flfrys hï m%udKhl mSvkhla meje;s
lr®udka; 132.1 132.1 132.8 -0.1 0.5
nj úfYaIfhkau 2016 jifr® uq,a ld,fha ° is≥ jQ fiajd 127.7 128.4 132.5 0.6 3.2
uQ,sl WoaOukfha jeäùu ;=<ska fmkakqï fl˙◊' o'foa'ks' 125.8 126.8 131.4 0.8 3.6
2015 yd 2016 jirj, ° nexl= u.ska fm!oa.,sl ^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
wxYhg ,nd≥ka Kh by< fõ.hlska jr®Okh úh' ^wd& ;djld,sl

Kh jr®Ok fõ.h md,kh ls¯fï wruq◊ka uqo,a lf<ah' l=gqïN wxYfha WoaOuk wfmalaId o m%;sm;a;s
m%;sm;a;sh ±ä ls¯fï ls%hdj,shg m%;spdr f,i ixfYdaOk wkqj fjkia jQ w;r" úfYaIfhka jir
2016 jifr® fojk Nd.h ;=< ° Kh jr®Ok fõ.h ;=< ° y∫kajd ≥ka rcfha n≥ ixfYdaOkj,g
ukao.dó ùu wdrïN úh' fï w;r" wdr®:ßlfha wkq.dój mej;s◊' l=gqïN wxYfha WoaOuk
jegqma by< fõ.hlska jr®Okh úh' 2015 jifr® ° wfmalaId idudkHfhka jHdmdr wxYfha m%;spdr
yd 2016 jifr® uq,a ld,fha ° úfYaIfhka rdcH olajkakkaf.a WoaOuk wfmalaIdj,g jvd by<
wxYfha jegqma by< hEu iu. uQr®; wd∞hï uÜgï o uÜgul mj;sk w;r" th by< ;ks w.hla jgd
by< hk ,°' úêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jegqma
ia:djrj mej;s◊'
by< hEug fya;= jQ mk;a lsysmhla 2016 jir ;=< °

4
iïmdokh úh' wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jegqma o ksIamdolhdf.a ñ, o¾Ylh ^ks'ñ'o'&
rdcH wxYfha iy úêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha
jegqmaj, Wmk;shu wkq.ukh lf<ah' ñ, by< ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
hEu flfrys b,aÆï mdr®Yajfhka hï m%udKhl u.ska .Kkh lrkq ,nk ks'ñ'o' ^2013 isõjk
n,mEula we;sùug fuu lreKq ∞hl úh' ldr®;=j}100& úp,k u.ska ukskq ,nk ksIamdol
ñ, WoaOukh" 2016 jir ;=< ° iuia;hla jYfhka
w∞< ld,h ;=< ° uqo,a iy rdcH uQ,H
by< hk keUqrejla fmkakqï lf<ah' ks'ñ'o'
m%;sm;a;sj, is≥ jQ ixfYdaOkj,g hï m%udKhl
u.ska wdr®:ßlfhys lDIslr®udka;" ksIamdok iy
m%;spdr olajñka WoaOuk wfmalaId ia:djrj
Wmfhda.s;d ^ú≥,sh yd c,h& hk wxY wdjrKh
meje;s◊' jHdmdr wxYfhys m%;spdr olajkakkaf.a
lrhs' iuia;hla f,i lDIslr®udka; yd ksIamdok
WoaOuk wfmalaId ueo-;ks w.hla wdikakfha
ia:djrj mej;s w;r 2016 jifr® uqo,a yd rdcH uQ,H Wm or®Ylj, jdr®Isl ,laIHuh fjki by< hk
m%;sm;a;sj, y∫kajd ≥ka fjkialïj,g wkql+,j keUqrejla fmkajQ w;r" ú≥,sh yd c,h Wm or®Ylfha
tu WoaOuk wfmalaId fjkia jk nj fmkakqï jdr®Isl ,laIHuh fjki my< hk m%jK;djla
2016 jifr® ° fmkakqï lf<ah' fï i|yd m%Odk
4'2 rEm igyk f,i fya;= jQfha 2015 jir yd iei£fï° 2016
,ËHuh uQ,sl WoaOukfhys úp,k jifr® ° iuia; ú≥,s ksIamdok ms˙jeh my; jeàu
8.0 jQ w;r" th 2016 m<uq Nd.fha jeis iuh;a iu.

7.0 wvq ms˙jehla iys; c, ú≥,s W;amdokh by< hEu
6.0 ksid is≥ úh'
5.0
m%;sY;h

4.0 o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha wjOuklh

3.0

2.0
foaYShj ksmojkq ,nk ishÆu NdKav iy
1.0
fiajdj, iuia; ñ, fjkiaùï ukskq ,nk o<
0.0
foaYSh ksIamd†;fha wjOuklh" wdr®:ßlfha m%Odk
ck
fmn
udr®
wfm%a
uehs
cQks
cQ,s
wf.da
iema
Tla
fkdje
foie
ck
fmn
udr®
wfm%a
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cQks
cQ,s
wf.da
iema
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fkdje
foie

wxY ;=fkysu ñ, by< hEu ksid by< .sfhah'

2015 2016
cd'md'ñ'o' uQ,sl ^2013}100& fld'md'ñ'o' uQ,sl ^2013}100&
uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
lDIsldr®ñl" ldr®ñl iy fiajd wxYj, ñ, .Kka
2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg 3'0" ishhg -0'1 iy
ishhg 0'6 isg 2016 jifr® ° ms<sfj<ska ishhg 3'9"
ishhg 0'5 iy ishhg 3'2 olajd by< .sfhah' ta

135
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

wkqj" iuia; o'foa'ks' wjOuklh 2015 jifr® jQ wju jegqmla3 kS;s.; lrk ,°' ;jo" whjeh
ishhg 0'8 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 3'6 iyk oSukdj4 i|yd iq≥iqlï ,nk jegqma iSudj
olajd by< .sfhah' 2016 jir ;=< ° cd'md'ñ'o' remsh,a 20"000 isg remsh,a 40"000 olajd by< ±óu
iy fld'md'ñ' or®Ylfhys WoaOukh o'foa'ks' fya;=fjka tu.ska wdjrKh jk fiajl ixLHdj
wjOuklhg jvd by< uÜgul mej;s◊' 2016 jifr® ° mqΩ,a fl˙◊'

4'3 jegqma rdcH wxYfha jegqma

uE; ld,Sk wdr®:ßl m%jK;dj,g wkqrEmj rdcH wxYfha jegqma m%udK or®Ylh ^2012}100&
rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl wxYj, jegqma .e,mSu i|yd u.ska ukskq ,nk rdcH wxYfha fiajlhkaf.a
2016 jir ;=< ° ie,lsh hq;= fjkialï y∫kajd kdñl jegqma 2016 jifr® ° by< .sfhah' 2015
fok ,°' rdcH wxYh .;a l," kj jegqma;, jir ;=< ° w;=re °ukdj remsh,a 10"000 olajd
ls%hd;aul ls¯fï wruq◊ka tu wxYh i|yd kj mshjr jYfhka jeä ls¯u iy 2016 jifr® ° w;=re
jegqma pl%f,aLhla2 ksl=;a fl˙◊' ;jo" 2016 °ukdfjka fldgila uQ,sl jegqmg tl;= ls¯u
ckjd˙ ui 01 jk †k isg ls%hd;aul jk m˙†" fya;=fjka jegqma or®Ylfhys 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ
2014 iy 2015 jirj, ° y∫kajd ≥ka remsh,a idudkH w.hg jvd by< idudkH w.hla 2016
10"000 l w;=re °ukdj jdr®Isl mshjr 5 lska uQ,sl jifr® ° jdr®;d ùu fuu jr®Okh i|yd fya;= úh'
jegqmg tl;= lrk ,°' fuu jeä jQ jegqma f.ùu fuys m%;sM,hla jYfhka" rdcH fiajlhkaf.a kdñl
wdrïN ls¯u;a iu. rdcH wxYfha jegqmaj, ienE jegqma m%udK or®Ylh fmr jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg
fjkiaùu" 2016 udr®;= ui isg olakg ,eì◊' 31'7 l ie,lsh hq;= by< hEug idfmalaIj 2016

4
2016 ckjd˙ 01 jk †k isg n,meje;afjk m˙† jifr® ° ishhg 3'9 lska by< .sfhah' flfia jqjo"
fm!oa.,sl wxYh i|yd remsh,a 10"000 l cd;sl kdñl jegqmaj, jr®Okh WoaOuk wkqmd;slhg

2 rdcH m˙md,k pl%f,aL 03$2016 3 2016 wxl 3 ork fiajlhkaf.a cd;sl wju jegqma mk;
4 2016 wxl 4 ork fiajlhkaf.a whjeh iyk °ukd mk;

4'6 ixLHd igyk

jegqma m%udK o¾Yl
or®Ylh m%;sY; fjki
fiajl ldKav
kdñl uQr®; ^w& kdñl uQr®;
2016 2016 2016 2016
2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015
^wd& ^wd& ^wd& ^wd&
1' rcfha fiajlhka
uOHu rcfha fiajlhka ^2012}100& 117.5 154.8 160.8 111.1 141.1 140.9 10.5 31.7 3.9 6.7 27.0 -0.1
m%d:ñl uÜgfï ks,Od¯ka 119.2 162.9 170.4 112.7 148.5 149.4 11.6 36.6 4.6 7.7 31.8 0.6
oaú;ShSl uÜgfï ks,Od¯ka 117.9 155.8 161.6 111.4 142.0 141.7 10.7 32.2 3.7 6.9 27.4 -0.2
;D;Shsl uÜgfï ks,Od¯ka 116.4 149.0 155.5 110.0 135.8 136.3 9.8 28.0 4.4 6.0 23.4 0.4
fcHIaG uÜgfï ks,Od¯ka 110.8 134.6 141.4 104.8 122.7 123.9 7.0 21.5 5.0 3.3 17.1 1.0

2' mämd,l iNdj,g wh;a lïlrejka

ishÆu mämd,l iNdj,g wh;a lïlrejka
^1978 foie}100& 4,012.2 4,127.1 4,127.9 105.3 107.3 103.5 3.7 2.9 0.0 0.4 1.9 -3.6
lDIslr®udka;fhys kshef,k lïlrejka 4,560.9 4,734.4 4,735.7 119.7 123.1 118.8 2.8 3.8 0.0 -0.5 2.9 -3.5
lr®udka; yd jd◊c lghq;=j, kshef,k
lïlrejka 3,459.1 3,459.1 3,459.1 90.8 90.0 86.8 8.4 0.0 0.0 5.0 -0.9 -3.6
fiajd wxYfhys lïlrejka 2,313.2 2,313.2 2,313.2 60.7 60.2 58.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.9 -3.6
3' wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fiajlhka
ishÆu wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxY ^2012}100& 118.1 126.7 136.7 111.6 115.5 119.8 7.6 7.3 7.9 3.8 3.5 3.7
lDIslr®udka; 118.3 128.3 136.9 111.8 116.9 119.9 6.3 8.5 6.7 2.7 4.6 2.6
lr®udka; 119.0 129.0 140.7 112.5 117.5 123.3 8.2 8.4 9.1 4.4 4.5 4.9
fiajd 117.1 123.9 132.8 110.6 112.9 116.4 7.5 5.9 7.2 3.8 2.0 3.1

^w& rcfha fiajlhka iy wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fiajlhka i|yd jk uqr®; jegqma m%udK or®Yl" cd'md'ñ'o' uQ,hka( lïlre fomdr®;fïka;=j
^2013}100& u; mokï jk w;r mä md,l iNdj,g wh;a lïlrejka i|yd jk uqr®; jegqma m%udK or®Ylh YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
fld'md'ñ'o' ^2006$07}100& u; mokï fõ'
^wd& ;djld,sl

136
 ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,odhs;dj

úfYaI igyk 6
wd¾Ólfha jegqma m%jK;d ñkqï.; lsÍu

jegqma or®Yl u.ska b†˙fha ° we;s úh yels WoaOuk rEm igyk ú'i' 6'2
mSvk yd ksIamdok ms˙jeh .;sl;aj ms<sn|j YS% ,xldfõ fiajd kshqla;sfhys ixhq;sh - 2015
wjfndaOhla imhk w;ru" tu or®Yl Y%u
wr®O rdcH
fj<|fmdf<ys iy wdr®:ßlfhys b,aÆï wxYfha 3'1]
m%jK;d ms<sn| m%uqL or®Yl f,i o Ndú;d fõ' lïlre
úêu;a
jegqma Tjqkaf.a m˙fNdack" b;=reï yd wdfhdack ;SrK fm!oa.,sl 25'9]
rdcH
85'7] wúêu;a
yryd wdr®:ßlfha b,aÆï m%jK;d ilia lrkq ,nhs' 11'2]
59'8]

f.da,Sh jYfhka ie,l+ úg" úúO rgj,aj, jegqma

ms<sn| ixLHdf,aLk fkdfhla wdldrj,ska m%ldYhg iuia; fiajd kshqla;sh ñ,shk 7'8ls'
m;a flfr®' we;eï rgj,a úfYaIs; jegqma m%udK or®Yl
uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
.Kkh lrkq ,nk w;r iuyr rgj,a th mehl YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
bmehSïj, idudkHh w.h (average hourly
earnings) wdldrfhka m%ldYhg m;a lrkq ,nhs'
weu˙ld tlai;a ckmofha Y%u ixLHdf,aLk fláld,Sk or®Ylh f,i Ndú;d fõ' tx.,ka; uy
ldr®hdxYh (United States Bureau of Labour nexl=j (Bank of England) iy tlai;a rdcOdksfha uy
Statistics) u.ska m%ldYhg m;a flfrk Y%u ñ, NdKavd.drh u.ska wdr®:ßlfha ls%hdld˙;ajh ms<sn|

or®Ylh (Employment Cost Index), tu rfgys ia:djr
§/lshd meil¶ mehl f.ùïj,g w∞< úp,k uekSu
wruqKq lr.;a or®Ylhls' 2012 jir u; mokï jk
hqfrdamSh l,dmfha Y%u ms˙jeh or®Ylh" jev l<
mehl Y%u ms˙jefhys ,eiamshr® or®Ylh (Laspeyers
index of the labour cost per hour worked) f,i
ksr®jpkh fõ' th wdr®:ßl ls%hdldrlïj, ia:djr
jHqyhla u; mokï jk w;r jdr®Isl ∞u jYfhka
iïnkaO jQ or®Ylhls (chain linked index) (ec.europa.
eu, 2017)' tlai;a rdcOdksh úiska m%ldYhg m;a
lrkq ,nkafka mehl ld,hla i|yd jk Y%u ms˙jeh
or®Ylhls (Index of Labour Cost per Hour). th tlai;a
rdcOdksfhys mehl ° lrk bmehSï iïnkaO tlu
4
uq,a weÛùï imhk jeo.;a ñkqula f,i fuu or®Ylh
Ndú;d lrhs'
YS% ,xldfõ Ndú;d jkafka jegqma m%udK or®Yl jk
w;r" rdcH" úêu;a fm!oa.,sl yd wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl
hk wxY i|yd tu or®Yl .Kkh lrkq ,nhs' rdcH
wxYh .;a l<" tu wxYfhys jegqma úp,k wëlaIKh
ls¯u i|yd mokï jr®Ih 2012 jQ rdcH wxYfha jegqma
m%udK or®Ylhla .Kkh flfr®' fï i|yd o;a;
,nd.kafka rdcH m˙md,k jegqma pl%f,aLj,sks' fuu
or®Ylh u.ska rdcH m˙md,k jegqma pl%f,aLj,g
wkql+,j rdcH wxYfha fcHIaG" ;D;Sh" oaú;shSh iy
m%d:ñl kï jQ ldKav y;frys fiajl jegqma úp,k
ukskq ,nhs'

rEm igyk ú'i' 6'1 rEm igyk ú'i' 6'3

jegqma úYaf,aIKfhys jHqyh j¾;udk jegqma m%udK o¾Ylj, ,laIK

wúêu;a rdcH mämd,l iNd

,laIKh fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jegqma
YS% ,xldfõ jegqma úYaf,aIKfhys jHqyh jegqma m%udK
wxYfha jegqma m%udK or®Ylh or®Ylh
m%udK or®Ylh
o< jYfhka ishÆu rdcH
b,lal.; mämd,l iNdj,
fiajlhka ñ,shk wxYfha
ix.ykh fiajlhka
4'49 fiajlhka
rdcH fm!oa.,sl
mokï 1978 ^foie'&
2012 2012
jir

ld,
udisl udisl udisl
rdcH wr®O rdcH úêu;a1 wúêu;a2 m%dka;rh

fcHIaG 5'5]
lDIslr®udka; 17'9] lDIslr®udka; 66]
1 úêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfhys jegqma úYaf,aIKh mämd,l iNd 21l ,shdmÈxÑ ù we;s nr ;enqï ;D;shsl 4'8]
lr®udka; 40'2] lr®udka; 18]
fiajlhka u; mokï fõ' jHqyh oaú;shsl 83'3]
fiajd 41'9] fiajd 16]
m%d:ñ; 6'4
2 wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfhys jegqma úYaf,aIKh lDIsl¾udka;" l¾udka; yd fiajd
wxYj, ls%hdldrlï 4"250 olajd iïnkaO wúêu;a /lshd u; mokï fõ'

137
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYh ie,lSfï °" tu wxYfhys
jegqma ;SrKh jkafka fj<|fmd< n,fõ. u; jk
w;r" fuu jegqma" Y%u fj<|fmdf<ys b,aÆï yd
iemhqï idOlj, is≥jk úp,kj,g wkql+,j ilia
fõ' uq,a ld, jljdkqj, ° fuu wxYfha fiajlhskag
w∞< jegqma m%jK;d" ffoksl jegqmaj, idudkHfhys
úp,k wkqj úYaf,aIKh fl˙◊' 2014 jifr® °" YS%
,xld uy nexl=j úiska °m jHdma; o;a; /ials¯fï
jevms<sfj< ;=<ska ,nd.;a o;a; Ndú; lr" mokï
jr®Ih 2012 jQ wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jegqma
m%udK or®Ylhla y∫kajd fok ,°' fuu jegqma m%udK
or®Ylh u.ska wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jegqma
m%jK;d iuia;hla f,i úYaf,aIKh ls¯ug yels úh'
fuu or®Ylh iïmdokh ls¯fï ° fiajd kshqla;sfhys
R;=uh iajNdjh wkqj" ls%hdldrlï 4"250 la muK
iEu uil°u iólaIKhg n∫ka flfr®'
YS% ,xldfõ úêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYh i<ld n,k l,"
tu wxYfhys jegqma úp,k" lïlre fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska iïmdokh lrkq ,nk mämd,l iNd jegqma
m%udK or®Ylh ^1978 foie}100& u.ska úYaf,aIKh
4
lrkq ,efí' mämd,l iNd jegqma m%udK or®Ylh"
h,amSkQ mokï jr®Ihlska hq;=ùu iy wdr®:ßlfha
mj;sk wdxYsl ixhq;sh ksfhdackh fkdls¯u jeks
wvqÆyq~qlï lsysmhlska iukaú; fõ' ;jo" fuu
jegqma m%udK or®Ylh" w∞< mämd,l iNdj,g w∞<
wju jegqma u; mokï fõ' flfia jqjo" tu wju
jegqma" wdr®:ßlfha h:dr®;fhkau mj;sk jegqmaj,ska
fjkia úh yel' fuhg fya;= f,i Y%u b,aÆu iy
iemhqu" wju jegqma i|yd we;s kshduk iy úêu;a
fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jegqma ;, iïnkaOj jD;a;Sh iñ;s
mj;ajk idlÉPd hkd° úúO idOl oelaúh yel'
mämd,l iNd jegqma m%udK or®Ylh hdj;ald,Sk
ls¯u ;=<ska h,amSkQ mokï jr®Ih i|yd ms<shï fh≥ko
tu or®Ylh wju jegqma u; mokï ùu ksid we;sjk
wjdisiy.; ;;a;ajh ta ;=<ska u.yrjd .; fkdyel'
wdr®:ßl fi!Nd.H <Ûdlr .ekSfï °" ukdf,i
ls%hdld¯ mqoa.,sl wxYh jeo.;a jQ ∞hl;ajhla
imhk w;r tu wxYh ksIamdok idOl jvd
ldr®hlaIu f,i Ndú;d lrk nj ie,fla' fï
ksid úêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jegqma úp,k jvd
ksfhdackd;aul jegqma m%udK or®Ylhla u.ska
ks¯laIKh ls¯u ld,Sk wjYH;djla njg m;aj
we;' fï i|yd YS% ,xld uy nexl=j" fiajl wr®:
idOl wruqof,ao ^fia'w'w'& iydh we;sj ,eiamshr®
ñ, or®Ylh mokï fldg f.k kj jegqma
m%udK or®Ylhla ieliSug ±kgu;a uq,a mshjr f.k
we;' fuu or®Ylh ieliSfï °" fiajlhskaf.a jegqma
Tjqkaf.a fiajl wr®:idOl wruqof,ys ∞hl uqof,a
jHjia:dms; m%;sY;hg iudkqmd; nj Wml,amkh
138
flfr®' fuu ls%hdj,sfha ° lDIslr®udka;" lr®udka;
iy fiajd hk wxY i|yd fjka jYfhka Wm
or®Yl iïmdokh jkq we;' fhda‚; jegqma or®Ylh
iïmdok ls¯fï ° ±kg úêu;a wxYh i|yd mj;sk
jegqma m%udK or®Ylfha ° Ndú;d jk mä md,l
iNdj,g w∞< wju jegqm fjkqjg" fiajlhka
fj; f.jk ksh; jegqm Ndú;d fõ' tu ksid
idlaIs u; mokï jk m%;sm;a;s ieliqu i|yd th
úYajdi∞hS or®Ylhla jkq we;ehs wkqudk l<
yels w;r" th úêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jegqma
mSvk ms<sn|jo jvd;a ksfhdackd;aul wkqrejla
imhhs'
fia'w'w' u.ska ,ndfok iuQy o;a; wdY%fhka wr®O
rdcH wxYfha fiajlhska i|yd fjku jegqma m%udK
or®Ylhla iïmdokh ls¯ug o fhdackd ù we;' úêu;a
fm!oa.,sl wxYh iy wr®O rdcH wxYh i|yd jk
fhda‚; jegqma m%udK or®Yl iu. ±kg mj;sk rdcH
iy wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYh i|yd jk jegqma m%udK
or®Yl" YS% ,xldfõ iuia; fiajd kshqla;s mrdifhysu
jegqma m%jK;d wdjrKh lrkq we;ehs wfmalaId
flfrk w;r tu.ska wdr®:ßlfha b,aÆï wxYfha
jr®Ok ms<sn| m%fhdackj;a ±laulao imhkq we;'
ta whq˙ka" fuu jegqma m%udK or®Yl iu`. ldr®;=uh
jHdmdr wfmalaId ms<sn| iólaIKh iy udisl .ekqï
l<ukdlrejkaf.a or®Ylh u.ska ksYaph lr .kq
,nk Y%u fj<|fmd< jr®Ok" uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ieliSfï
° m%uqL or®Yl f,i Ndú;d l< yel'
wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhka yg" kdñl jegqmaj,
is≥jk úp,k b†˙fha ° we;s úh yels WoaOuk mSvk
;;a;aj ñkqï.; ls¯fï ° jeo.;a ix« imhkq ,nhs'
wfkl=;a idOl ksh;j mj;sk úfgl" by< jegqma
uÜgï u.ska by< jeh l< yels wd∞hula yÛjhs'
jegqma by< hEu ;=<ska is≥jk wd∞hï uÜgïj, by<
hEu" jvd jeä" l%ufhka jeä jk n≥ wd∞hulg u.
mdok w;r tu.ska rdcH uQ,H ysÛh u; jk mSvkh
wju lrhs' flfia jqj;a" kdñl jegqma jr®Okh
jev lrk ck;djf.a „jk ;;a;ajh k.disgqùug
m%udKj;a fkdúh yels w;r fuu wruqK <Ûd lr
.ekSu i|yd uQr®; jegqma by< hd hq;=h' flfia fj;;a"
uQr®; jegqfmys °r®> ld,Sk wvq ùu wkd.;fha u;= úh
yels jegqma mSvk iy Y%u M,∞hs;djfhys" my< hEu
ms<sn| jeo.;a ix«jla f,i ie<lsh yelsh'
uQ,dY%(
ec.europa.eu. (2017). Labour cost index - recent trends - Statistics Explained. [online]
Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-
ons.gov.uk. (2017). Index of UK labour costs per hour, experimental- Office for National
Statistics. [online] Available at: https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/
peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/bulletins/indexoflabourcostsperhourilch/
julytosept2016#background-notes
 ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,odhs;dj

jvd ;rula my< uÜgulska mej;Su fya;=fjka 4'7 ixLHd igyk

rdcH fiajlhkaf.a uQr®; jegqma" 2015 jifr® is≥jQ Èia;s%lal uÜgfuka ck.ykh
ishhg 27'0 l ie<lsh hq;= jr®Okhg idfmalaIj iy ck >k;ajh ^w&^wd&
2016 jifr® ° ishhg 0'1 lska iqΩ jYfhka my< 2015 2016
.sfhah'
†ia ; l
% s l
a h ck.ykh ck >k;ajh ck.ykh ck >k;ajh
mqoa.,hka Z000 ^we& mqoa.,hka Z000 ^we&
fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jegqma fld<U 2,375 3,513 2,395 3,543
.ïmy 2,354 1,755 2,372 1,769
cd;sl wju jegqm iy whjeh iyk °ukdj lΩ;r 1,250 793 1,261 800
ms<sn|j rch úiska y∫kajd ≥ka m%Odk mk;a" uykqjr 1,416 739 1,434 748
fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fiajlhkaf.a kdñl jegqma ud;f,a 502 257 508 260
by< hEug fya;= úh' mämd,l iNd úiska jegqma kqjrt<sh 740 434 748 438

md,kh lrkq ,nk fiajlhkaf.a wju jegqma .d,a, 1,091 675 1,102 682
ud;r 837 659 845 665
m%udK or®Ylh ^1978}100& u.ska ukskq ,nk úêu;a
yïnkaf;dg 628 252 637 255
fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fiajlhkaf.a kdñl jegqma 2016 hdmkh 597 643 602 648
jifr® ° iqΩ jYfhka by< .sfhah' ;jo" wúêu;a ukakdru 104 55 106 56
fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jegqma m%udK or®Ylh ^2012}100& jõkshdj 179 96 182 98
u.ska ukskq ,nk wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha uq,;sõ 94 39 95 39
fiajlhkaf.a kdñl jegqma 2016 jifr® uOHia: ls,sfkdÉÑh 120 100 122 101

jYfhka by< .sfhah' jir ;=< ° kdñl jegqma uvl,mqj 541 207 550 211
wïmdr 677 160 691 164
m%udK or®Ylj, is≥ jQ m%;sY;d;aul jr®Okh wju

4
;%sl=Kdu,h 397 157 404 160
uÜgul mej;Su fya;=fjka úêu;a fm!oa.,sl l=reKE., 1,658 359 1,676 362
wxYfha fiajlhkaf.a uQr®; jegqma my< .sfhah' fï mq;a;,u 790 274 801 278
w;r" wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fiajlhkaf.a wkqrdOmqrh 893 134 905 136
uQr®; jegqmaj, jr®Okhla olakg ,eì◊' b†ls¯ï fmdf<dkakrej 419 136 425 138
wxYfhys jr®Okh;a iu. fmofr®re iy jvq n≥,a, 844 299 854 302

ldr®ñl jD;a;Skays Y%uh i|yd jQ b,aÆu by< hEu fudKrd., 472 86 479 87
r;akmqrh 1,127 348 1,140 352
fya;=fjka fuu jD;a;Skays jegqmaj, by< hEula
lE.,a, 861 511 869 516
olakg ,eì◊' ;jo" wjYH .=Kd;aul Ndjfhka hq;=
Y%u iemhqfuys mj;sk ysÛh fya;=fjka fmofr®re iuia; †jhsk 20,966 334 21,203 338

iy jvq ldr®ñl jD;a;Skays fhfok fiajlhkaf.a ^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( fr‚iag%dr® ckrd,a fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& uOH jdr®Isl ck.yk o;a; 2012
by< flaj,a ls¯fï yelshdj fuu jegqma m%jK;d ck yd ksjdi ix.Kkh u;
;=<ska wÛjkq ,nhs' mokï fõ'
^we& jr®. ls'ó'g mqoa.,hka

4'4 ck.ykh" Y%u n,ldh iy fiajd kshqla;sh
ck.ykh
wdr®:ßlfhys †.=ld,Sk Y%u iemhqfuys m%Odku
idOlh jk ck.yk jr®Okh" miq.sh jir 4 g
idfmalaIj iqΩ by< jr®Okhla fmkakqï lrñka 2016
jifr® ° ishhg 1'1 la f,i jdr®;d úh' ta wkqj" 2016
jifr® ° uOH jdr®Isl ck.ykh ñ,shk 21'203 la
f,i weia;fïka;= lr we;' o< foaYSh ksIamd†;hg
m%uqL;u ∞hl;ajh ,ndfok niakdysr m<d;" uqΩ
ck.ykfhka ishhg 28'4 lg ysñlï lshkq ,efí'
jhia jHqyh wkqj ck.ykh .;a úg" jev l<yels
jhfia ck.ykh ^jhi wjqre≥ 15 iy Bg jeä&
uqΩ ck.ykfhka ishhg 74'8 lska iukaú; fõ'
flfia jqjo" jev l< yels jhfia ck.ykfhka
ishhg 16'5 la jeäysá ck.ykh ^jhi wjqre≥ 60
iy Bg jeä& fõ' YS% ,xldfõ ck.yk Wmk;sh
ie,l+ úg" úfYaIfhkau ck.ykh jhia.; ùfï
ixisoaêh iu." †.=ld,Sk Y%u iemhqu wvq uÜgul
mj;sk nj fuu m%jK;d u.ska ms<sìUq lrhs'
Y%u n,ldh
wdr®:ßlfha jr®;udk Y%u iemhqu úoyd
olajk m%Odk ñKqï oKavla jk Y%u n,ldh 2016
jifr® ° jr®Okhla fmkakqï l<o" th Y%u n,ld
iyNd.s;aj wkqmd;slfha ie,lsh hq;= jr®Okhla
jdr®;d ls¯ug ;rï m%udKj;a fkdùh' jhi wjqre≥
15 g jeä wdr®:ßl jYfhka il%Sh5 ck.ykh f,i
5 wdr®:ßl jYfhka il%Sh ck.ykhg ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk
fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska mj;ajkq ,nk ldr®;=uh Y%u n,ld iólaIKfha °
w∞< ld,h ;=< ° fiajd kshqla;j fyda úhqla;j isák$isá mqoa.,hka wh;a
fõ'

139
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

4'3 rEm igyk 4'8 ixLHd igyk

Y%u n,ldfha iy fiajd úhqla;sfha m%jK;d l=gqïn ck.ykh" Y%u n,ldh iy
^2012-2016& Y%u n,ld iyNd.s;ajh ^w&^wd&^we&

55.0 5.5 2016

54.0

YSr®Ih
2015
^wE& m<uq fojk f;jk isõjk
5.0 jdr®Isl
53.0 ldr®;=j ldr®;=j ldr®;=j ldr®;=j
52.0 l=gqïn ck.ykh

m%;sY;h
4.5
m%;sY;h

51.0
mqoa.,hka Z000 15,282 15,382 15,384 15,560 15,468 15,449

50.0 4.0 Y%u n,ldh

mqoa.,hka Z000 8,214 8,319 8,193 8,376 8,355 8,311
49.0
3.5 fiajd kshqla; 7,831 7,969 7,815 8,000 8,007 7,948
48.0
fiajd úhqla; 383 350 378 376 348 363
47.0 3.0
Y%u n,ld iyNd.s;aj
2012 ld' 3
2012 ld' 4
2013 ld' 1
2013 ld' 2
2013 ld' 3
2013 ld' 4
2014 ld' 1
2014 ld' 2
2014 ld' 3
2014 ld' 4
2015 ld' 1
2015 ld' 2
2015 ld' 3
2015 ld' 4
2016 ld' 1
2016 ld' 2
2016 ld' 3
2016 ld' 4
2012 ld' 2

wkqmd;slh ^b& 53.8 54.1 53.3 53.8 54.0 53.8

mqreI 74.7 75.5 74.9 75.0 74.9 75.1
ia;S% 35.9 36.3 35.1 36.1 36.0 35.9
Y%u n,ld iyNd.S;aj fiajd úhqla;s wkqmd;slh
wkqmd;slh ^jï wlaIh& ^ol=Kq wlaIh& ^w& jhi wjq' 15 iy Bg jeä l=gqïn uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk
ck.ykh ms<sn| o;a; wdjrKh fomdr®;fïka;=j
igyk ( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2012 m<uqjk flfr®'
ldr®;=j i|yd ldr®;=uh Y%u n,ld iólaIKh mj;ajd fkdue;'
^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk
uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2011
jifr® isg b†˙hg" kej; nr
wr®: ±lafjk Y%u n,ldh" 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ ;enQ iy ixfYdaê; Y%u n,ld

4
ñ,shk 8'214 isg 2016 jifr® ñ,shk 8'311 la o;a; fY%a◊hla 2016 cq,s udifha†
m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,†'
f,i ishhg 1'2 lska jr®Okh úh' flfia jqjo" ^wE& ixfYdaê;
^b& Y%u n,ldh" l=gqïn ck.ykfha
Y%u n,ldh" jhi wjqre≥ 15 g iy Bg jeä m%;sY;hla f,i
ck.ykfhys m%;sY;hla f,i wr®: ±lafjk Y%u
n,ld iyNd.s;aj wkqmd;slh" 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ mEug is≥ùu jeks lreKq ±laúh yel' fuu m%jK;dj
ishhg 53'8 ys u 2016 jifr® ° o fkdfjkiaj fkdlvjd mej;=Kfyd;a" wdr®:ßlfha jr®Okhg
mej;s◊' fï i|yd fya;= jQfha wjqre≥ 15 iy Bg wjYH jk ;rï Y%u iemhqula mj;ajd.ekSu
jeä l=gqïN ck.ykfha jr®Okh" Y%u n,ldfha wkd.;fha ° wNsfhda.d;aul jkq we;' Y%u
jr®Okhg fndfyda fihska iudk jQ neú◊' n,ld iyNd.s;aj wkqmd;slh yd /lshd úhqla;s
Y%u n,ldfha ia;S% mqreI iyNd.s;aj mr;rh" wkqmd;slh yereKq fldg Y%u fj<|fmdf<a
mqreI Y%u n,ld iyNd.s;ajhg mlaIj ;j≥rg;a .=Kd;aul nj ukskq ,nk or®Ylhla f,i ia;S% Y%u
meje;=◊' ia;%S Y%u n,ld iyNd.s;aj wkqmd;slh n,ld iyNd.s;aj wkqmd;slh o Ndú;d jk fyhska
2016 jifr® ishhg 35'9 la f,i jdr®;d jQ w;r cd;sl uÜgfï m%;sm;a;s ;=<ska Y%u n,ldfha Wm˙u
mqreI Y%u n,ld iyNd.s;ajh tu ld,iSudfõ ° Wmfhda.s;dj lrd <Ûdúh hq;= w;r th idr®j
ishhg 75'1 la f,i jdr®;d úh' fuhska fmkakqï iyNd.s;ajhla iys; wdr®:ßl jr®Okhlg Wrfokq
lrkafka ia;S% mlaIfha Y%u n,ldhg iyNd.sùug we;' tla tla lr®udka;j,g wdikak m%foaYj,ska
mj;akd leue;a; mqreI mlaIfha fuka wvlg;a jvd ia;%S mqreI fomlaIfhkau iudkqmd;slj n|jd
wvq uÜgul mj;sk njhs' jir .Kkdjla mqrdjg .ekSu jeks ls%hdjka ;=<ska ia;%S mlaIh Y%u n,ldhg
ia;%S Y%u n,ld iyNd.s;aj wkqmd;slfha olakg wdlr®IKh lr .; yels jkq w;r th Y%u n,ld
,enqfKa iqΩ jr®Okhla muKla jQ neúka iuia; iyNd.s;ajh jr®Okh lr.ekSug fya;= jkq we;'
Y%u n,ld iyNd.s;aj wkqmd;slh jr®;udkfha ° o YS% ,xld uy nexl=j u.ska mj;ajkq ,nk
ishhg 54 l muK ia:djr uÜgul mj;S' ia;%S Y%u jHdmdr wfmalaId ms<sn| iólaIKj,ska wkdjrKh
n,ld iyNd.s;aj wkqmd;slh my< uÜgul /£ug jk f;dr;=re wkqj" wdr®:ßlfha Y%u iemhqfï
fya;= f,i" kuHYS,S meh moku u; fyda ksjfia ysÛhla fmkakqï flfr®' jr®;udkfha wdh;kj,
isg rdcld¯ ls¯ug mj;sk wjia:d wju ùu" orejka isák fiajl ixLHdj" mj;akd iy b†˙fha
/ln,d.ekSfï úêu;a myiqlï wju uÜgul wfmalaIs; jHdmdr lghq;= mj;ajdf.k hEug
mej;Su" ksjfia j.lSï nyq,j ±¯ug is≥ ùu iy m%udKj;a fkdjk nj;a" tu ksid wdh;k i|yd
fmd≥ m%jdyk fiajd iïnkaO ≥Ialr;djkag uqyqK kj Y%ñlhka n|jd .ekSug we;s wruqK Okd;aulj

140
 ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,odhs;dj

mej;s nj;a fuu iólaIKj,ska wkdjrKh úh'
wdr®:ßlfha meje;s Y%u iemhqu ld,h;a iu. wvq ù
we;s nj;a iólaIKj,ska ;j ≥rg;a fy<s jk w;r"
fï ;=<ska meye†,s jkafka wkd.; fiajd kshqla;s
wjYH;d i|yd l=i,;d fkd.e,mSug ms<shï fh†h
hq;= njhs'
fiajd kshqla;sh
wdr®:ßlfha imqrkq ,enQ Y%u b,aÆu i|yd jk
m%Odk ñKqï oKav jk fiajd kshqla;sh" 2015 jifr®
jdr®;d jQ ñ,shk 7'831 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr®
ñ,shk 7'948 olajd ishhg 1'5 lska jr®Okh úh'
fuu fiajd kshqla;sfha by< hEu" m%Odk jYfhkau
ldr®ñl yd fiajd wxYj, is≥ jQ jr®Okfha m%;sM,hla
f,i ±laúh yel' flfia jqjo" whym;a ld,.=◊l
;;a;aj fya;=fjka lDIsldr®ñl lghq;=j, is≥ jQ my<
hEu" i,ld n,k ld, m˙Éf√oh ;=< ° tu wxYfha
fiajd kshqla;sh my< hEug fya;= úh' ta wkqj" uqΩ
fiajd kshqla;sfhka ishhg 27'1 la lDIslr®udka;
wxYfha fiajfha kshq;= jQ w;r" ms<sfj<ska ishhg
26'4 la iy ishhg 46'5 la lr®udka; iy fiajd hk
wxYj, fiajfha kshq;= úh'
i,ld n,k ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< ° fm!oa.,sl
wxYfha fiajd kshqla;sfha ie,lsh hq;= by< hEula
olakg ,enqKq w;r" wfkla ishÆu wxYj, fiajd
kshqla;sh my< hEula olakg ,eì◊' fï wkqj"
rdcH fiajh" fiajd fhdaclhka" iajhx /lshdjkays
kshq;= jQjka yd f.ùula fkd,nk mjqf,a fiajlhka
hk wxYj, fiajd kshqla;sh 2016 jifr® °
my< .sfhah' 2016 jir ;=< °" fiajH yd f.ùula

4'9 ixLHd igyk

wd¾Ól ls%hdldß;aajh wkqj fiajd kshqla;sh ^w&^wd&^we&^wE&

4
uqΩ fiajd
mqoa.,hka Z000
kshqla;sfha m%;sY;h
wxYh 2016
2015 2015
m<uq fojk f;jk isõjk 2016
^b& jdr®Isl ^b&
ldr®;=j ldr®;=j ldr®;=j ldr®;=j
lDIslr®udka; 2,245 2,275 1,962 2,169 2,210 2,154 28.7 27.1

lr®udka; 2,018 2,068 2,121 2,145 2,055 2,098 25.8 26.4

m;,a yd leӕ 61 68 59 70 43 60 0.8 0.8
ksIma dok 1,408 1,424 1,450 1,440 1,369 1,421 18.0 17.9
b†ls¯ï" ú≥,sh" .Eia" jdIam iy jdhq iólrK iemhqu" c, tl;=
ls¯u" ms˙is≥ ls¯u yd fn∞ ye¯u ^f.dú;eka lghq;= yer& 550 576 613 635 644 617 7.0 7.8

fiajd 3,568 3,626 3,732 3,686 3,741 3,696 45.6 46.5

f;d. iy is,, a r fj<`odu" fudagr® jdyk yd h;=re me† wÆ;a
jeähd ls¯u 1,060 1,047 1,138 1,105 1,119 1,102 13.5 13.9
m%jdykh iy .nvd ls¯ï 480 513 540 485 527 516 6.1 6.5
kjd;eka yd wdydr iemhSu 203 205 185 208 214 203 2.6 2.6
f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok m%ldYk lghq;= 52 46 74 73 53 62 0.7 0.8
uq,H iy rlaIK lghq;= 145 170 166 157 145 159 1.8 2.0
jD;a;sh" úoHd;aul yd ;dlaIK lghq;= 65 67 52 46 54 55 0.8 0.7
m˙md,kuh iy iydh fiajd lghq;= 120 113 97 97 122 107 1.5 1.4
rdcH m˙md,k iy wdrlaIKh w;HjYH iudc wdrlaIKh 600 633 608 581 615 609 7.7 7.7
wOHdmkh 324 340 325 358 353 344 4.1 4.3
uyck fi!LH iy iudc fiajd lghq;= 137 137 136 151 143 142 1.8 1.8
fjk;a ^B& 382 354 412 425 397 397 4.9 5.0

uqΩ fiajd kshl

q ;
a h
s 7,831 7,969 7,815 8,000 8,007 7,948 100.0 100.0
Y%u n,ldfha m%;Y s ;h 95.3 95.8 95.4 95.5 95.8 95.6
^w& cd;Hka;r m%ñ; lr®udka; jr®.SlrK 4 jk ixfYdaOkh u; mokï fõ' uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& jhi wjq' 15 iy Bg jeä l=gqïn ck.ykh ms<sn`o o;a; wdjrKh flfr®'
^we& ;djld,sl
^wE& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2011 jifr® isg b†˙hg" kej; nr ;enQ iy
ixfYdaê; Y%u n,ld o;a; fY%a◊hla 2016 cq,s udifha† m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,†'
^b& ixfYdaê;
^B& ksjeishkaf.a m˙yrKh i`oyd iïmdokh lrkq ,nk fiajd fhdacl lghq;=" foam, fj<πï
lghq;=" l,d yd fmd≥ úfkda∞;aul lghq;= iy cd;Hka;r ixúOdk lghq;= we;=<;a fõ'

141
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

4'10 ixLHd igyk

/lshdfõ fiajd ;;a;ajh wkqj fiajd kshqla;sh ^w&^wd&^we& m%;sY;

jr®Ih
rdcH wxYfha fm!oa.,sl wxYfha
fiajHhka
iajhx /lshdj, f.ùula fkd,o
tl;=j
fiajlhka fiajlhka kshq;= jQjka mjqf,a fiajlhka
2015 ^wE& 15.1 41.0 3.1 32.3 8.4 100.0
2016 14.6 43.3 2.7 31.6 7.8 100.0
m<uq ldr®;=j 14.7 41.9 2.9 32.5 7.9 100.0
fojk ldr®;=j 15.1 42.6 2.9 31.6 7.8 100.0
f;jk ldr®;=j 14.5 44.8 2.3 30.5 7.8 100.0

isõjk ldr®;=j 14.0 43.6 2.8 31.8 7.8 100.0

^w& jhi wjq' 15 iy Bg jeä l=gqïn ck.ykh ms<sn| o;a; wdjrKh flfr®' uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2011 jifr® isg b†˙hg" kej; nr ;enQ iy
ixfYdaê; Y%u n,ld o;a; fY%a◊hla 2016 cq,s udifha† m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,†'
^wE& ixfYdaê;

fkd,nk mjqf,a fiajlhka hk wxYj, 2015
jirg idfmalaIj ms<sfj<ska ishhg 10'6 l yd 5'6 l
ie,lsh hq;= my< hEula jdr®;d úh' flfia jqjo"
iuia; fiajd kshqla;sh flfrys fuu.ska we;s jk
n,mEu uOHia: uÜgulg muKla is≥ jQfha iuia;
wh;a ishÆu rdcH wdh;k fukau wr®O rdcH
wxYfha ishÆu wdh;ko we;=<;a úh' 2016
ix.Kkfha uQ,sl m%;sM, wkqj rdcH wxYfha fiajd
kshqla;sh 874"395 la f,i jdr®;d jQ w;r th wr®O
rdcH wxYfha 243"413 la f,i jdr®;d úh' fï wkqj

4
fiajd kshqla;sfhka ishhg 43'3 la ksfhdackh jk iuia; rdcH wxYfha fiajd kshqla;sh 2016 jifr® °
fm!oa.,sl wxYfhys is≥ jQ ishhg 7'0 l jr®Okh 1"117"808 la fõ' fuu ix.Kkhg ;%súO yuq∞fõ
fiajd ldr®h uKav,h yd wr®O rdcH wdh;kj,g
fya;=fjks'
wkqnoaê; iud.ïj, fiajd kshqla;slhka we;=<;a
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska is≥ lrk rdcH fkdfõ' fuu ix.Kkfhka fmkakqï lrk m˙†"
wxYfha fiajd kshqla;s iólaIKhg wkqj" 2016 jir rdcH wxYfha fiajd kshqla;sh 2006 jifr® isg 2016
wjidkfha rdcH wxYfha fiajd kshqla;sh 1"398"742 la jir olajd ishhg 30 lska jr®Okh ù we;'
úh' fuu iólaIKhg wud;HdxY" fomdr®;fïka;=
^YS% ,xld fmd,Sish" ;%súO yuq∞ yd isú,a wdrlaIl fiajd úhqla;sh
fomdr®;fïka;=j we;=Ω&" †ia;%sla f,alï ldr®hd," fiajd úhqla;s wkqmd;slh 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ
m%dfoaYSh f,alï ldr®hd," m<d;a iNd yd wr®O ishhg 4'7 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® oS ishhg 4'4
rdcH wxYfha wdh;kj, fiajd kshqla;slhka olajd my< .sfhah' 2015 jir yd ii|k úg 2016
we;=<;a fõ' fï w;r" ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk jir ;=< ° wdr®:ßlfha fiajd kshqla;s wjia:dj,
fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska 2016 fkdjeïnr® udifha ° is≥ jQ jr®Okh ms<sìUq lrñka iuia; Y%u n,ldh
rdcH yd wr®O rdcH wxYfha fiajd kshqla;sh ms<sn| ishhg 1'2 lska jr®Okh jQ w;r fiajd úhqla;s mqoa.,
ix.Kkhla mj;ajk ,°' th 1980 isg mj;ajk ,o ixLHdfjys ishhg 5'4 l wvqùula jdr®;d úh' fï
08 jeks rdcH wxY fiajd kshqla;s ix.Kkh úh' wkqj" ia;%S yd mqreI Y%u úhqla; mqoa., ixLHdj 2016
fuu ix.Kkhg uOHu rch yd m<d;a iNdj,g jifr® ms<sfj<ska 153"990 la yd 212"923 la f,i
jdr®;d úh' 2015 jifr® ishhg 7'6 la j meje;s ia;%S
4'11 ixLHd igyk
fiajd úhqla;s wkqmd;slh 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 7'0
rdcH wxYfha fiajd kshqla;sh
olajd my< hEu iy 2015 jifr® ishhg 3'0 la j
2015 2016
m%;sY; fjki meje;s mqreI fiajd úhqla;s wkqmd;slh 2016 jifr® °

wxYh 2014
^w& ^wd& 2015$ 2016$ ishhg 2'9 olajd my< hEu iuia; fiajd úhqla;s
2014 ^w& 2015 ^wd&
wkqmd;slfha my< hEug fya;= úh'
rdcH ^we& 1,109,186 1,136,656 1,157,531 2.5 1.8
wr®O rdcH ^wE& 235,907 238,474 241,211 1.1 1.1 wOHdmk uÜgu wkqj fiajd úhqla;sh i,ld
iuia; rdcH wxYh 1,345,093 1,375,130 1,398,742 2.2 1.7 n,k l, ishÆu wOHdmk uÜgïj, fiajd úhqla;s
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j wkqmd;sl my< .sfhah' w'fmd'i'^W'fm<& yd
^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& uOHu rch" m<d;a md,k wdh;k yd m<d;a iNd by<" w'fmd'i'^id'fm<& iq≥iqlï iy 6-10 fYa%◊
^wE& rdcH ixia:d" jHjia:dms; uKav, yd rdcH wêld¯ka iu;a ldKavj, fiajd úhqla;s wkqmd;sl 2015

142
 ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,odhs;dj

4'12 ixLHd igyk w;r th Tjqkag o˙ø;djfhka ñ°ug yd wdr®:ßlfha

fiajd úhqla;s wkqmd;slh ^w&^wd&^we& iuia; jr®Okfha fldgialrejka njg m;aùug
2016 we;s udr®. wjysr lrkq we;'
2015

YSr®Ih
^wE&
m<uq fojk f;jk isõjk
jdr®Isl ;reK NEET (Not in Employment, Education or
ldr®;=j ldr®;=j ldr®;=j ldr®;=j
Training)wkqmd;h" ^/lshdjl" wOHdmkfha fyda
iuia; 4.7 4.2 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.4
mqyqKq lghq;=j, fkdfhfok& ckf,aLk yd
ia;%S mqreI wkqj ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska m%ldYs;
mqreI 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.9
ia;S% 7.6 6.1 7.3 7.6 6.8 7.0
2015 jifr® YS% ,xldfõ Y%u n, iólaIK jdr®Isl
wOHdmk uÜgu wkqj jdr®;dfõ we;=<;a lr we;s kj ñkquls' fï wkqj"
5 fY%a◊h iu;a iy Bg my< ... ... ... ... ... ... iEu ;reKhka isõ fofkl=f.ka tla ;reKfhla
6-10 fY%a◊h 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.3 NEET ldKavhg wh;ajk w;r th ;reKhkaf.a
w'fmd'i' ^id'fm'& 6.4 5.5 6.2 5.8 5.9 5.9 wlS%h nj yd b†˙fha ° uqyqK mEug is≥úh yels
w'fmd'i' ^W'fm'& iy Bg by< 9.2 7.7 8.6 9.3 7.6 8.3 wj∞kï ;;a;ajh meye†,s lrjhs' 2015 jir i|yd
jhia ldKav wkqj
15-19 24.1 26.9 25.3 27.1 29.1 27.1 NEET m%;sY;h ishhg 25'8 la f,i jdr®;d jQ
20-24 19.7 19.7 21.2 19.8 19.0 19.9 w;r ;reK ia;%S NEET m%;sY;h ;reK mqreI
25-29 9.4 9.4 8.3 9.7 9.6 9.2 NEET m%;sY;h fuka fo.=Khlg;a jvd jeä
30-39 3.1 2.3 2.6 2.8 2.1 2.4 w.hla .kakd ,°' wdr®:ßl ;;a;ajh by< kxjd
40 iy Bg by< 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.8
.ekSug wjYH ksmqK;d †hqKq lr.; fkdyels ùu
^w& jhi wjq' 15 iy Bg jeä l=gqïn uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk
ck.ykh ms<sn`o o;a; wdjrKh fomdr®;fïka;=j fya;=fjka NEET ldKavhg wh;a ;reKhka o˙ø;d
flfr®' fr®Ldfjka my< uÜgul /f|ñka iudcfhka

4
^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fldkaùfï wj∞kula mj;S' fuh ms<sn| ls%hdudr®.
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2011 jifr® fkd.ekSu fya;=fjka kq≥re wkd.;fha wdr®:ßl
isg b†˙hg" kej; nr ;enQ iy
ixfYdaê; Y%u n,ld o;a; fY%a◊hla yd iud„h .egÆ we;s úh yels w;r by< NEET
2016 cq,s udifha† m%ldYhg m;a w.hka †.=ld,Skj .;a l< Y%u n,ldfha ksmqK;d
lrk ,†'
^wE& ixfYdaê; ms˙ySug o fya;=ldrl jkq we;'

jifr® jdr®;d jQ ms<sfj<ska ishhg 9'2" ishhg
6'4 iy ishhg 3'4 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 8'3" ishhg 5'9 iy ishhg 3'3 olajd my<
.sfhah' w'fmd'i'^W'fm<& iy Bg by< wOHdmk
iq≥iqlï iys; ldKavfhka by<u fiajd úhqla;s
wkqmd;slhla jdr®;d jQ w;r th wdr®:ßlfha Y%u
b,aÆu imqrd,Su i|yd udkj m%d.aOk ixjr®Okh
b,lal lr.;a l%ufõo ksr®udKh úh hq;= njg
bÛs lrhs'
jhia ldKav wkqj ie,l+ úg" ;reK jhia
ldKavh ^jhi wjqre≥ 15-24& yereKq fldg
wfkla ishÆu jhia ldKavj, fiajd úhqla;s
wkqmd;sl 2016 jifr® ° my< .sfhah' ;reK
fiajd úhqla;sh 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg
20'8 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 21'6 la
úh' Tjqkaf.a yelshdjkag iq≥iq /lshdjla
fidhd.ekSug we;s ≥Ialr;d fya;=fjka ;reK
ldKav .=Kd;aul núka wvq /lshdj, ksr; ùug yd
W!K /lshd kshqla;6s ;;a;ajhg fm<öug bv we;s
6 1966 ICLS iuqΩfõ mqΩ,a f,i idlÉPd lrk ,o m˙†" W!k /lshd kshqla;sh
;udg ;rï fkdjk /lshdjl kshq;= ùu fyda mqyqKqjg fyda m<mqreoaog
i˙,k jegqmla iys; /lshdjla fkdue;s ùu fya;=fjka yg.kS' YS% ,xldfõ
Y%u n, iólaIKh 2015 ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
;reK" ldka;d yd by< wOHdmk iq≥iqlï ,o
ldKav w;r mj;sk by< fiajd úhqla;sh wdr®:ßlfha
†.ska †.gu mj;sk nrm;< m%Yakhla njg m;aj we;'
l=i,;d fkd.e,mSu" uQ,H myiqlï ,nd.ekSug
we;s wmyiq;dj" /lshd b,lal lr.;a mqyqKq
mdGud,d fkdue;s ùu fuu ;;a;ajhg n,mdk m%Odk
fya;= w;˙ka lsysmhls' l=i,;d fkd.e,mSu ≥re
ls¯ug jD;a;Sh mqyqKq mdGud,d jeks úúO
jevigyka ls%hd;aul jqjo iSudjdisl yd wdOqksl;aj
mqyqKq jevigyka u.ska ;j≥rg;a l=i,;d
jr®Ok lghq;= †hqKq l< yelsh' uQ,H myiqlï
,nd.ekSug we;s .egÆj úi£u i|yd 2017 whjeh
fhdackd wkqj ;reK iy ldka;d jeks y∫kd.;a
ldKav i|yd Kh ,nd°ug nexl= Wkka≥ lr we;'
/lshd b,lal lr.;a mqyqKq jevigyka u.ska"
b†ls¯ï iy fydag,a lafIa;% jeks YS>%fhka ke.S
tk tfy;a wjYH mqyqKq iy wr®O mqyqKq Y%ñlhka
ysÛhla mj;sk wxY i|yd" foaYSh Y%u n,ldh fhd∞
.; yels jk w;r msgráka fiajlhska f.kajd
.ekSug we;s wjYH;djo wju jkq we;' jr®Okh
jk wdr®:ßlhg iq≥iq úúO jQ fiajl wjYH;d
imqrd,Su i|yd rcfha fyda ;;a;ajfhka Wiia f,i
ie,flk /lshd wfmalaId lrk ;reKhskaf.a
wdl,amo fjkia úh hq;=h'

143
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh l%shdudr®. ;=<ska úfoaY fiajd msg;aj hEïj,

2016 jir ;=< ° 2015 jirg idfmalaIj úfoaY
/lshd i|yd msg;aj hkakkaf.a ishhg 7'8 l my<
hEula jdr®;d úh' úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sfha wLKav
my< hEu flfrys rch u.ska .Dy fiaúld msg;aj
hEï wju ls¯ug .;a m%;sm;a;suh ls%hdudr®." msg;aj
hEug fmr imqrd,sh hq;= mqyqKq wjYH;d iy m%Odk
ú.uksl .ukdka;hla jk ueo fmr†. wdr®:ßl
lghq;=j, miqnEu fya;=fjka Y%u b,aÆu my< hEu
jeks lreKq fya;= ù we;' fï wkqj" úfoaY /lshd
i|yd msg;aj .sh uqΩ ixLHdj 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ
263"443 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° 242"930 olajd
my< .sfhah' fuu iuia; my< hEu flfrys ia;S%
ldKavfha msg;aj hEï 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ 90"655
isg 2016 jifr® 82"628 olajd ishhg 8'9 lska my<
hEu fukau mqreI ldKavfha msg;aj hEï 2015
jifr® jdr®;d jQ 172"788 isg 2016 jifr® 160"302
olajd ishhg 7'2 lska my< hEu o fya;= úh'
miq.sh oYlh ;=< úfoaY fiajh i|yd
ksmqK;d uÜgïj, m%.;shla is≥ ù ;snqK o" kqmqyqKq
yd .Dy fiaúld ldKav ;j≥rg;a uqΩ msg;aj
hEïj,ska ishhg 56 la f,i jdr®;d úh' jD;a;Sh
ldKavfha msg;aj hEï uqΩ msg;aj hEïj, m%;sY;hla
f,i .;a l< 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg 2'4
isg 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 2'7 olajd iqΩ jr®Okhla
jdr®;d lf<ah' ;jo" ol=Kq fld˙hdjg /lshd
i|yd msg;aj hEïj, ie,lsh hq;= jr®Okhla
fmkakqï l<o thska ishhg 97 la kqmqyqKq Y%ñl
ldKavhg wh;a fõ' fuu jr®Okhka ;=<ska fmkakqï
lrk m˙† wdrlaIs; mqyqKq Y%ñl msg;aj hEï †˙u;a
ls¯fï ls%hdudr®. i|yd ;j≥rg;a wjldY mj;S' .Dy
fiaúld yd kqmqyqKq Y%u ldKavj, is≥jk wvqùug
iudkqmd;slj mqqyqKq ldKav hgf;a msg;aj hEï
jr®Okh lr .ekSug lghq;= ls¯u u.ska wvqjk
fma%IK uÜgïo jeä †hqKq jkq we;'
YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ldr®hdxYh
úiska" 2017 whjeh u.ska fhdackd l< m˙† kqmqyqKq

4
msg;aj hEï n,m;%,dNS ksfhda‚;hka yryd .Dy
Y%ñlhkaf.a wju jegqm wfkl=;a °ukd yer we't'c'
fiaúld ldKavh flakaø lr.;a msg;aj hEïj,
fvd,r® 350 la f,i o mqyqKq Y%ñlhkaf.a wju jegqm
isg fm!oa.,sl l%u yryd mqreIhka flakaølr.;a
msg;aj hEï olajd m˙jr®;kh ù we;' úfoaY /lshd we't'c' fvd,r® 450 la f,io 2017 fmnrjd˙ ui 01
i|yd msg;aj hkakkaf.a Y%u ldKav wkqj i,ld jeks †k isg ls%hd;aul jk m˙† kshu lrk ,°'
ne,Sfï ° jD;a;Sh yd uOHu ldKav hk wxYj, úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ldr®hdxYh úiska 2016 udr®;=
iuia; jr®Okh ishhg 12'2 la f,i jdr®;d jQ 23 jeks †k kshu lrk ,o we't'c' fvd,r® 300 l
w;r wfkla ishÆu Y%u ldKavj, msg;aj hEïj, wju jegqmg miqj fuu kj jegqma ;, kshu úh' tu
my< hEula 2016 jifr® ° jdr®;d úh' n,Od¯ka kj pl%f,aLh ksl=;a ls¯fï wruqKq jkqfha by<
úiska §wdrlaIs;" mqyqKq Y%ñl msg;aj hEï¶ hk ksmqK;d iys; Y%ñlhkaf.a msg;aùï †˙.ekaùu iy
Wmdhudr®.sl †Ydj Wfoid jir 2008 ys isg .;a úfoaY fiajfha kshq;= whf.a iqN idOkh Yla;su;a
4'13 ixLHd igyk
úfoaY /lshd i|yd msg;aj hEï
2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh
ixLHdj ∞hl;ajh ] ixLHdj ∞hl;ajh ] ixLHdj ∞hl;ajh ]

uqΩ úfoaY /lshd ixLHdj 300,703 100.0 263,443 100.0 242,930 100.0
uQ,hka wkqj
,shdm†xÑ ksfhda‚;hka 176,829 58.8 116,749 44.3 88,164 36.3
fjk;a 123,874 41.2 146,694 55.7 154,766 63.7
ia;S%$mqreI wkqj
mqreI 190,217 63.3 172,788 65.6 160,302 66.0
ia;%S 110,486 36.7 90,655 34.4 82,628 34.0
Y%u ldKavh wkqj
jD;a;Sh 5,372 1.8 6,251 2.4 6,574 2.7
uOHu 20,778 6.9 6,951 2.6 8,235 3.4
,smslre yd ta wdY%s; 29,267 9.7 12,501 4.7 10,864 4.5
mqyqKq Y%ñl 73,162 24.3 81,682 31.0 76,559 31.5
wr®O mqyqKq Y%ñl 3,977 1.3 4,847 1.8 3,930 1.6
kqmqyqKq Y%ñl 79,519 26.4 77,985 29.6 71,641 29.5
.Dy fiaúld 88,628 29.5 73,226 27.8 65,127 26.8
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ldr®hdxYh
^wd& ;djld,sl

144
 ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,odhs;dj

4'14 ixLHd igyk flreKq w;r tu.ska n|jd .ekSfï ls%hdj,sfha

.ukdka;h wkqj úfoaY fiajd ixl%uK ldr®hlaIu;dj jeä †hqKq ls¯ug wfmalaId flfr®'
2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd& fjki ^wd& YS% ,dxlsl Y%u ixl%u◊lhkag úYajdijka;
∞hl;ajh
rg
ixLHdj ixLHdj
∞hl;ajh
ixLHdj m%;Y
s ;h
/lshd wjia:d iy;sl ls¯u wruqKq fldgf.k YS%
] ]
,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ldr®hdxYh u.ska 2016
fi!† wrdìh 74,894 28.4 63,389 26.1 -11,505 -15.4
jifr® ° úfoaY /lshd i|yd kS;s úfrdaë f,i
lgdr® 65,139 24.7 59,527 24.5 -5,612 -8.6
l=fõÜ 38,473 14.6 32,415 13.3 -6,058 -15.7
n|jd.ekSï iïnkaO jeg,Sï 201 la is≥ lrk ,°'
tlai;a wrdì fuh 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ jeg,Sïj,g idfmalaIj
tór® rdcHh 43,666 16.6 40,124 16.5 -3,542 -8.1 ishhg 81 l by< hEuls' ;jo" ñksia cdjdrï
fjk;a 41,271 15.7 47,475 19.5 6,204 15.0 lghq;=j,g tfrys ùu m%uqL fldgf.k ldr®hdxYh
tl;=j 263,443 100.0 242,930 100.0 -20,513 -7.8 u.ska §ñksia cdjdrug tfrys ldr®hdxY tallh¶
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ldr®hdxYh
^wd& ;djld,sl 2016 jifr® ° ia:dms; lrk ,°'

ls¯uhs' flfia jqjo" fufia wju jegqmla kshu
ls¯u ;=<ska YS% ,dxlsl ú.uksl Y%ñl ñ, by< hk
w;r th wka;r®cd;sl Y%u fj<|fmdf<a YS% ,dxlsl
ú.uksl Y%ñlhkaf.a ;r.ld˙;ajh wvq ls¯ug
fya;= jkq we;' úfoaY fiajd kshqla;slhkaf.a
fma%IK YS% ,xldj úfoaY úksuh Wmhk m%Odk
lïlre in|;d iy Y%u fj<|fmd< m%;sixialrK
2016 jifr® ° lïlre in|;dj, ms˙ySula
fmkakqï lrñka jev jr®ck i|yd iyNd.s jQ iuia;
fiajl ixLHdj iy tu jr®ck fya;=fjka wysñ jQ
ñksia †k .Kk by< .sh w;r" tkuq;a jdr®;d jQ
iuia; jev jr®ck ixLHdj my< .sfhah' m%Odk

4
udr®.hkaf.ka tlla jk w;r tys is≥jk miqnEï jYfhkau jeú,s fkdjk wxYfha jev jr®ck i|yd
úfoaYSh wxYfha cx.u .sKqï fYaIhg wys;lr iyNd.s jQ fiajl ixLHdfõ jeä ùu fya;=fjka
n,mEula t,a, lrkq we;' jev jr®ck i|yd iyNd.S jQ fiajl ixLHdj
YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ldr®hdxYh úiska 2016 jifr® ° 20"652 la olajd ishhg 38'5 lska
Y%u ixl%u◊l ls%hdj,sh kshdukh ls¯ug fukau by< .sfhah' jev jr®ck fya;=fjka wysñ jQ ñksia
Tjqkaf.a wNsudkh" iqrlaIs;Ndjh yd Tjqka flfrys †k .Kk" jeú,s wxYfha 85"637 olajd ishhg 21
idOdrK;ajh ;yjqre ls¯u Wfoid úúO jevigyka lska by< .sh w;r jeú,s fkdjk wxYfha th
ls%hd;aul fl˙◊' fjí wvú mokï fldg .;a n|jd 18"690 olajd ishhg 61 lska by< .sfhah' jeú,s
.ekSfï moaO;sh (Web-based Recruitment System) wxYfha mj;sk fiajl .egÆ iy tys mj;sk wvq
jeä rgj,a m%udKhla wdjrKh jk m˙† mqΩ,a M,∞hs;d ;;a;ajho uq,afldg f.k tu wxYh wvq
4'15 ixLHd igyk
fm!oa.,sl wxYfha l¾udka;j, jev j¾ck

j;= wxYh fjk;a wxY ^w& tl;=j

jr®Ih jev jr®ck iïnkaO jQ wysñ jQ ñksia jev jr®ck iïnkaO jQ wysñ jQ ñksia jev jr®ck iïnkaO jQ wysñ jQ ñksia
ixLHdj fiajl ixLHdj †k .Kk ixLHdj fiajl ixLHdj †k .Kk ixLHdj fiajl ixLHdj †k .Kk

2013 21 5,031 41,669 21 6,088 38,754 42 11,119 80,423

2014 31 4,833 29,165 7 1,618 8,158 38 6,451 37,323
2015 31 10,427 70,697 20 4,488 11,597 51 14,915 82,294
m<uq ldr®;=j 10 1,972 10,291 6 391 2,415 16 2,363 12,706
fojk ldr®;=j 1 1,369 10,952 5 1,525 2,600 6 2,894 13,552
f;jk ldr®;j = 19 6,771 47,564 5 374 2,332 24 7,145 49,896
isõjk ldr®;j = 1 315 1,890 4 2,198 4,250 5 2,513 6,140
2016 ^wd& 26 10,485 85,637 15 10,167 18,690 41 20,652 104,327
m<uq ldr®;=j 11 3,876 26,083 2 4,350 8,700 13 8,226 34,783
fojk ldr®;=j 6 2,380 14,661 8 3,022 5,775 14 5,402 20,436
f;jk ldr®;j = 3 533 2,877 4 2,773 4,193 7 3,306 7,070
isõjk ldr®;j
= 6 3,696 42,016 1 22 22 7 3,718 42,038
^w& wr®O rdcH iy wfkl=;a fm!oa.,sl wdh;k we;=<;a fõ' uQ,h( lïlre fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& ;djld,sl

145
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

jr®Ok uÜgula fmkakqï lrhs' whym;a ld,.=◊l ld,iSudfõ ° ms<sfj<ska remsh,a 503'27 la yd remsh,a
;;a;aj fukau ms˙jeh by< hEu jeú,s wxYfha 561'41 la f,i jdr®;d úh' lDIsldr®ñl wxYh o<
l%shdld˙;ajh flfrys whym;a f,i n,mdkq cd;sl ksIamd†;hg ishhg 7 l muK ∞hl;ajhla
,efí' ork w;r fiajd kshqla;sfhka o< jYfhka ishhg
27 la muK tu wxYh ;=< fiajfha ksr; fõ'
fiajd ia:dk iyfhda.s;dj yd ldr®ñl iu.sh
lDIsldr®ñl wxYfha mj;sk fuu wvq M,∞hs;dj
jr®Okh ls¯u Wfoid 2016 jifr® ° lïlre yd
flfrys úúO idOl n,mdk w;r idïm%∞hsl j.d
jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d wud;HdxYh úiska jvd hym;a
l%u" Kh myiqlï yd kùk ;dlaI◊l l%u flfrys
fiajd m˙irhla fm!oa.,sl wxYfha we;s ls¯u
m%fõYh wmyiq ùu" l=vd bvï m%udK" whym;a
Wfoid jevigyka .Kkdjla ls%hd;aul lrk ,°'
ld,.=◊l ;;a;aj tu idOl w;=˙ka lsysmhls'
ta wkqj" fiajd ia:dkfha ldr®ñl iu.sh m%jr®Okh
lDIsldr®ñl wxYfha M,∞hS;dj jeä †hqKq ls¯ug
ls¯u yd Yla;su;a ls¯fï iudc ixjdoh wruqKq
.; yels m%Odk ls%hdudr®. f,i jd◊c lDIsldr®ñl
fldgf.k f;dard.;a wdh;kj, l<ukdlrejka"
lghq;= i|yd kùk ;dlaI◊l l%u wkq.ukh
m%Odk ldr®huKav, idud‚lhka iy fiajlhka
ls¯u" by< M,∞jla iys; iy fouqyqï îc jr®.
b,lal lr.;a ±kqj;a ls¯fï jevigyka ls%hd;aul
Ndú;d ls¯u f.kyer ±laúh yel' fujeks mshjr
fl˙◊' ;jo" jeú,s wxYfha wju jegqm re'730 la
;=<ska lDIsldr®ñl w.h ∞uh Tiafia M,∞hs;dj
olajd by< kexfjk m˙† iduQysl .súiqulg 2016
jr®Okh l< yelsh' ta u.ska tu wxYh u; hefmk
jifr® ° w;aika ;nk ,°' wud;HdxYh úiska
Y%ñlhkaf.a „jk ;;a;ajh kÛdisgqúh yels jk
cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha iïuq;Ska folla
w;ru th wdr®:ßlfha fi!Nd.H <Ûdlr .ekSug o
2016 jifr® ° iïu; lrk ,°' m<uq iïuq;sfhka YS%
bjy,a jkq we;'

4
,xldj ;=< mQr®K" M,∞hS" iajdëkj f;dard.; yels
/lshd wjia:d we;s ls¯u yd ;reK /lshd kshqla;sh" iuia; wdr®:ßlfha jr®Okh Wfoid lr®udka; yd
ksmqK;d jr®Okh yd wdr®:ßl jr®Okh ;=<ska foaYSh fiajd wxYfha M,∞hs;dj ;j≥rg;a jr®Okh lr
iún, .ekaùula we;s ls¯u fjkqfjka ilS%h .ekSug yelshdjla mj;S' th tu wxYj, ±kgu;a
/lshd m%;sm;a;shla ie,iqï ls¯u is≥fõ' ;jo" fiajfha kshq;=jk fiajlhkaf.a M,∞hs;d uÜgu
tu.ska Y%u iqm˙laIdj" <ud Y%uh yd Y%u jeä †hqKq ls¯ug .kakd ls%hdudr®. ;=<ska fukau
ixl%uKh iïnkaO lghq;= jvd Yla;su;a flfr®' fiajd úhqla; mqoa.,hkaf.a m%fhdackhg fkd.;a
YS% ,dxlsl kdúlhkaf.a /lshd wjia:d m%jr®Okh l=i,;d md∞.ekSug .kakd ls%hdudr®. ;=<ska o is≥
ls¯ug fukau kdúlhkaf.a hym;" fi!LH yd l< yel' lr®udka; yd fiajd wxYh i,ld n,k
iqrlaIs;Ndjhg w∞< fj<| kdúl lr®udka;fha l," ;reK yd wOHdmksl iq≥iqlï iys; ldKav
mj;sk m%;s,dN ,nd.ekSu yd tu lafIa;%fha jr®Okh fuu wxYj, fiajd kshqla;ùug jeä jYfhka
i|yd jk iïuq;sh fojkqj iïu; lrk ,°'
;jo" fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jHdmdrj,g w∞<j
4'16 ixLHd igyk
m˙md,k ,sys,a ls¯ula f,i 2016 ckjd˙ ui 01
m%Odk wd¾Ól wxY wkqj Y%u M,odhs;dj
jeks †k isg wdrïN jk jr®Ih i|yd i;sfha †k
my muKla rdcld¯ fõ,dj f,i ie,lSug lghq;= 2015
2016
^m<uq
i,ik ,°' ^m<uq 2015
ldr®;=
ldr®;= ^w&
;=k&
;=k&
Y%u M,o=dhs;dj ^wd&
ia:djr ^2010& ñ, wkqj
jev lrk ,o mehlg tl;= l< w.h jYfhka o< tl;= l< w.h ^remsh,a ñ,shk& 5,788,916 7,818,224 6,019,368
^2010 ñ, u; mokïj& ukskq ,nk Y%u M,∞hs;dj" lDIslr®udka; 492,389 670,106 479,119
2015 m<uq ldr®;= ;=k ;=< jdr®;d jQ remsh,a 462'09 isg lr®udka; 1,691,830 2,264,673 1,790,468

2016 jifr® m<uq ldr®;= ;=k wjidkfha ° remsh,a fiajd 3,604,698 4,883,444 3,749,781
Y%u M,∞hs;dj" jev lrk ,o
463'20 la olajd ishhg 0'2 l iqΩ jr®Okhla 2016 mehla i|yd remsh,a 462.09 465.15 463.20
m<uq ldr®;= ;=k ;=< ° fmkakqï lf<ah' wdr®:ßlfha lDIslr®udka; 163.38 168.40 173.70
ishÆu wxY i,ld n,k l," lDIsldr®ñl wxYfha lr®udka; 518.05 520.46 503.27
Y%u M,∞hs;dj 2016 m<uq ldr®;= ;=k i|yd jev fiajd 576.91 576.07 561.41

l< mehlg remsh,a 173'70 la f,i wju w.hl ^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk
^wd& ;djld,sl fomdr®;fïka;=j
mj;S' ldr®ñl yd fiajd wxYfha Y%u M,∞hs;dj tu YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

146

wjia:d fidhhs' flfia jqjo" l=i,;d fkd.e,mSu
u.ska we;s jk Y%u b,aÆu yd iemhqfï fkd.e,mSï
fya;=fjka fuu wxYj, jr®Okhg wjeis Y%ufha
ysÛhla we;' ksis ksmqK;d .e<mqï jevigyka
u.ska /lshd úrys; ck.ykh M,∞hS f,i
wdr®:ßl ls%hdj,Ska ;=<g iyNd.s lrjd .; hq;=h'
±kgu;a fiajfha kshqla; jQjkaf.a M,∞hs;dj jeä
†hqKq ls¯u Wfoid wLKav ixjr®Ok jevigyka
fhd∞.; yels w;r fï ;=<ska lr®udka; yd fiajd
wxYj, jHdmdr lghq;=j, wkd.; ;rÛld˙;ajh
;yjqre jkq we;' jhia.; mqoa.,hka Y%ñlhka
f,i iyNd.s ùfuka mekke.sh yels M,∞hs;dj
iïnkaO .egÆo ta ;=<ska u.yrjd.; yels jkq
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,odhs;dj
we;' ;jo" lr®udka; yd fiajd wxYj, M,∞hs;dj
jeä †hqKq ls¯u i|yd o kùk ;dlaI◊l l%u
fhd∞.; yelsh' flfia jqjo" ;dlaI◊l l%u fhd∞
.ekSu iuia; jHmdrhu mqΩ,a f,i wdjrK jk
m˙† is≥ úh hq;= w;r iEu fiajlfhl= fukau ishÆ
jHdmd˙l ls%hdj,Ska kùk ;dlaIKhg wkq.; úh
hq;=h' tu.ska jHdmdrj, kùk ;dlaI◊l l%u
fhd∞ .ekSfï Wmdhudr®.sl †Ydj idr®:l jkq
we;' ;jo" YS>%fhka is≥jk ;dlaI◊l fjkiaùï
fya;=fjka hï /lshd h,amskQ iajNdjhla .kakd
neúka fjkia jk Y%u b,aÆï m%jK;d i|yd
Y%ñlhkaf.a ksmqK;d uÜgïo hdj;ald,Sk lr.;
hq;= jkq we;'
147
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

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5'1 iuia; ksÍlaIK
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mej;Su;a" úfoaY úksuh f.ùï by< hEu;a
fya;=fjka Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaYSh wxYh u; jQ
mSvkh 2016 jifr® ° ;j≥rg;a mej;=◊' úfoaYSh
wxYfha mej;s mSvkh ;=<ska f.da,Sh wdr®:ßlfha
fukau foaYSh wdr®:ßlfha we;s jQ fjkialïj,
n,mEu ms<sìUq úh' f.da,Sh lreKq ie,lSfï °"
wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmofha uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh ±ä
ls¯u" hqfrdamd ix.uh iy cmdkh jeks †hqKq
wdr®:ßlj, ukao.dó wdr®:ßl jr®Okhla mej;Su iy
ueofmr†. rgj, N+-foaYmd,ksl wia:djrNdjhla
mej;Su Y%S ,xldfõ f.jqï ;=,kh fj; wys;lr
n,mEula we;s lf<ah' foaYSh jYfhka ie,lSfï °"
m%udKj;a ;rï úfoaYSh wdfhdack fkd,eîu"
wdkhk b,aÆu by< hEu" Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï
iy rdcH iq/l=ïm;a fj<`ofmdf<ka jQ wdmiq f.ùï
jir ;=< ° úfoaYSh wxYfha ia:djr;ajh mj;ajd
.ekSu iïnkaOfhka mej;s wNsfhda.hka úh'
cx.u .sKqfï ys`.h jeä ùu;a" uQ,H .sKqfï
.kqfokq uOHia: uÜgul mej;Su;a fya;=fjka
úfoaYSh wxYfha l%shdld˙;ajh ukao.dó ùu 2016
jifr® f.jqï ;=,kh u.ska ms<sìUq úh' 2015 jifr® °
o'foa'ks'fha m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg 2'3 la jQ cx.u
.sKqfï ys`.h" 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 2'4 la olajd iqΩ
jYfhka by< .sfhah' úfYaIfhkau" wdfhdack NdKav
i|yd jQ foaYSh b,aÆu by< hEu fya;=fjka wdkhk
úhoï by< hEu;a" cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd< ;=<
NdKav ñ, .Kka fukau wmkhk m˙udj o wvq ùu
fya;=fjka wmkhk wd∞hï my< hEu;a iu`.
jir ;=< ° fj<| ys`.h mqΩ,a úh' ixÑ; j;alï
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d
5
iy m%;sm;a;s
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ys`.h o jeä úh' flfia fj;;a" fj<| iy
m%d:ñl wd∞hï .sKqïj, jQ ys`.hkaf.ka we;s jQ
wys;lr n,mEu" fiajd iy oaú;Shsl wd∞hï
.sKqïj, w;s˙la;hka u.ska hï muKlg mshjd
.; yels úh' úfYaIfhkau" ixpdrl bmehSï by<
hEu fya;=fjka fiajd .sKqfï w;s˙la;h wLKavj
by< .sh w;r" 2016 jifr® ° uOHia: jr®Okhla
jdr®;d l< úfoaY fiajd kshqla;slhskaf.a fm%aIK
fya;=fjka oaú;Shsl wd∞hï .sKqu Yla;su;a úh' fï
w;r" Kh fkdjk uQ,dY%j,ska jQ ,eîï ukao.dó
ùu uOHfha uQ,H .sKqu yd iïnkaO f.ùï
by< uÜgul mej;=◊' úfYaIfhkau" úfoaYSh
iDcq wdfhdack wvq uÜgul mej;Su iy úfoaYSh
wdfhdaclhska rdcH iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmd< fj;ska
ish wdfhdack bj;a lr .ekSu yd wLKav Kh jd˙l
iy fmd,S f.ùï fya;=fjka jQ m%d.aOk f.ùï" 2016
jifr® ° uQ,H .sKqu fj; wys;lr n,mEula we;s
lf<ah' Kh fkdjk uQ,dY%j,ska uQ,H .sKqu fj; jQ
,eîï wvq uÜgul mej;Su iy cx.u .sKqfï ys`.h
mqΩ,a ùu ksid fjk;a úfoaY uQ,dY%j,ska wruqo,a
/ia ls¯u wjYH úh' ta wkqj" f.jqï ;=,kfha
uQ,Hhk wjYH;djka cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj
ne∫ïlr ksl=;=j iy taldnoaO Kh myiqlï ;=<ska
imqrd .;a w;r" úfoaYSh wxYh Yla;su;a ls¯u
i|yd cd;Hka;r uQ,H ^cd'uQ'& wruqo, fj;ska ;=ka
wjqre≥ úia;Sr®K Kh myiqlula o ,nd .kakd ,°'
2016 jifr® mej;s fuu m%jK;d fya;=fjka f.jqï
;=,kfha iuia; fYaIh t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 500 l
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

ys`.hla jdr®;d lf<ah' o< ks, ixÑ; o 2016 jir wxYfha ia:dhS;dj kej; we;s ls¯fï °" wfkl=;a
wjidkfha ° t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 6'0 la olajd my< wxYhkaf.a wys;lr jr®Okhka ;=<ska úfoaYSh
.sh w;r" th udi 3'7 l wdkhkj,g iudk úh' wxYh fj; we;s jk n,mEï wju ls¯u i|yd jQ
2016 jifr® ° úfoaYSh wxYfha .sKqïj, is≥ jQ m%;sm;a;s o iu`. ndysr lïmkhkag Tfrd;a;=
fjkialï" úksuh wkqmd;slh u; jQ ±ä mSvkh °fï yelshdj jr®Okh lr .ekSu wjYH fõ'
u.ska ms<sìUq úh' foaYSh úfoaY úksuh fj<|fmd<g tneúka" uQr®; iM, úksuh wkqmd;slfha
úfoaY úksuh øjYS,;dj iemhSu u.ska 2016 jifr® fjkiaùïj,g wkqj úksuh wkqmd;slh wkq.;
m<uq Nd.fha ° idfmalaIj ia:djr uÜgul mj;ajd ls¯u yryd fj<|fmd< n,fõ.hkag wkqj
.;a úksuh wkqmd;slh" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j remshf,a ndysr w.h ;SrKh ùug bv ye¯ug
úiska úfoaY úksuh iemhSu l%ñlj iSud ls¯u;a wu;rj" cd;Hka;r ixÑ; uÜgu Yla;su;a
iu`. jifr® fojk Nd.fha ° by< w.hlska ls¯u i|yd fláld,Sk iy ue†ld,Sk mshjr
wjm%udKh úh' wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmofha fmd,S .ekSu wjYH fõ' ixÑ; uÜgu by< kexùu
wkqmd;sl by< hEu;a iu`. úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhska i|yd .; yels fláld,Sk l%shdudr®. jYfhka
úiska ish wdfhdack bj;a lr .ekSu ksid rdcH cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr ksl=;a ls¯u iy
iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmd< fj;ska jdr®;d jQ m%d.aOk úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .súiqïj,g t<öu jeks
f.ùï fya;=fjka úksuh wkqmd;slh fj; jQ Kh wdY%s; uQ,dY% ±laúh yelsh' flfia jqj;a"
mSvkh hï m%udKhlg ,sys,a ls¯u i|yd Y%S ,xld ;sridr mokula u; úfoaYSh wxYfha ia:dhS;djh
uy nexl=j úiska jifr® fojk Nd.fha ° ie,lsh ;yjqre ls¯u i|yd" Kh uQ,dY% fjkqjg NdKav yd
hq;= úfoaY úksuh m%udKhla imhk ,°' 2015 fiajd wmkhk bmehSï iy úfoaYSh iDcq
jifr® ° t'c' fvd,rhg idfmalaIj ishhg 9'03 lska wdfhdack by< kexùu jeks uQ,dY% ;=<ska úfoaY
wjm%udKh jQ remsh, 2016 jir ;=< ° iuia;hla ixÑ; by< kexùu i|yd jQ l%shdudr®. .; hq;=j
f,i ;j≥rg;a ishhg 3'83 lska wjm%udKh úh' we;' ta i|yd wmkhk moku úúOdx.SlrKh
flfia fj;;a" cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd< ;=< ls¯u iy f.da,Sh ksIamdok yqjudre ∞u iu`.
;r.ld¯ ùu i|yd úksuh wkqmd;slh ;j≥rg;a iïnkaO ùu b,lal lr .;a mqΩ,a wmkhk
wjm%udKh úh hq;=j we;s nj ms<sìUq lrñka uQr®; Wmdhudr®.hla ilia ls¯u wjYH jk w;r jr”h

5
iM, úksuh wkqmd;sl or®Ylhka 100 g jvd by< fj<| .súiqï yryd f.da,Sh fj<|fmd< fj;
uÜgul mej;=◊' msúiSug we;s yelshdj jeä†hqKq lr .; hq;=h'
úfoaY úksuh i|yd jk b,aÆï iy iemhqï rfgys ;r.ld˙;ajh jeä†hqKq ls¯u" m%;sm;a;s
;;a;ajhkays we;s fkd.e,mSu u.ska" úfoaYSh wxYfha fkdfjkiaj mj;ajd .ekSu" wdh;ksl ieleiau
mj;sk wiu;=,s;;djh je<elaùu i|yd läkï jeä†hqKq ls¯u iy ixjr®Ok kHdh m;%h ;=<
m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®. .ekSfï wjYH;dj wjOdrKh wmkhk m%jr®Okh i|yd m%uqL;djhla ,nd °u"
lrhs' wNsfhda.d;aul m˙irhla ;=< úfoaYSh wmkhk i|yd jvd ys;lr m˙irhla ksr®udKh
ls¯u i|yd b;d jeo.;a fõ' tfukau" jHdmdr
5'1 rEm igyk
l%shdj,s ndysr uQ,dY% fj; mej¯u" ±kqu mokï
f.jqï ;=,kh
lr.;a l%shdj,s ndysr uQ,dY% fj; mej¯u" ixpdrl
3
2
lr®udka;h iy kdúl fiajd jeks wxY yryd

1 fiajd wmkhkh lrk rgla jYfhka mj;sk
0 YlH;djfhkaa Wm˙u m%fhdack .ekSu i|yd
o'foa'ks' fhys ]

-1 m%;sm;a;s y∫kajd °u" f.da,Sh fj<|fmd< ;=<

-2
Y%S ,xldfõ wmkhk ∞hl;ajh jr®Okh lr .ekSu
-3
i|yd b;d jeo.;a fõ' tfukau" ;j;a Kh fkdjk
-4

-5
úfoaY úksuh uQ,dY%hla jk úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack
-6 wdlr®IKh lr .ekSu †˙u;a ls¯u i|yd nyqúO
-7
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
m%;sm;a;s rduqjla we;s lr .ekSug m%uqL;djhla
,nd °u o oYl lsysmhla mqrd wdr®:ßlh uqyqKfokq
cx.u .sKqfï uQ,H .sKqu iuia; fYaIh
fYaIh ^Y=oaO&
,nk f.jqï ;=,k wr®nqohg ms<shï fh°u i|yd
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j w;HjYH fõ'

150
 úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s

5'1 ixLHd igyk 5'2 úfoaY fj<| m%;sm;a;s" j¾Okhka iy

f.jqï ;=,kfhys úYaf,aIKd;aul bÈßm;a lsÍu wdh;ksl iydh
t'c' fvd,r® remsh,a Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaY fj<| m%;sm;a;sh" úfoaY
YSr®Ih ñ,shk
ñ,shk
2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd& 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
fj<πu iy úfoaY wdfhdack w;r ine¢hdj
cx.u .sKqu ^Y=oaO& -1,883 -1,942 -257,524 -279,712
ffOr®hj;a ls¯u u.ska f.da,Sh fj<|fmd< iu`.
fj<| .sKqu -8,388 -9,090 -1,141,035 -1,325,495 we;s ne£u by< kxjd .ekSu flfrys fhduqj
wmkhk 10,546 10,310 1,431,431 1,500,766
mej;sK' úúO fj<| yjq,alrejka iu`. jr”h
wdkhk 18,935 19,400 2,572,467 2,826,260
fiajd ^Y=oaO& 2,325 2,879 316,170 423,053 fj<| .súiqï iy ksoyia fj<| .súiqïj,g
,eîï 6,397 7,138 869,634 1,039,283 we;=<;a ùu" Wmdhudr®.sl fj<| m%jr®Ok lghq;=
f.ùï 4,072 4,259 553,464 616,230
m%d:ñl wd∞hï ^Y=oaO& -2,013 -2,184 -274,740 -317,053
iy fhda.H cd;sl fj<| m%;sm;a;shla y∫kajd °u
,eîï 127 120 17,253 17,530 ;=<ska Y%S ,xldfõ wmkhk i|yd fj<| m%fõYh
f.ùï 2,140 2,304 291,994 334,583 by< kxjd .ekSu u.ska fuu wruqK bgq lr
oaú;Shsl wd∞hï ^Y=oaO& 6,193 6,453 842,082 939,782
oaú;Shsl wd∞hï ( ,eîï 7,007 7,260 952,568 1,057,281 .ekSug wfmalaId flfrhs' fj<|fmd< m%idrKh"
fiajd kshqla;slhskaf.a fm%aIK 6,980 7,242 948,957 1,054,489 fj<πu iy ;Sren≥ ;dr®lSlrKh" fj<πu i|yd
rcfha ixl%du 27 19 3,610 2,792
oaú;Shsl wd∞hï ( f.ùï 814 807 110,486 117,498
myiqlï ie,iSu iy wmkhkh flfrys fhduq jQ
m%d.aOk .sKqu ^Y=oaO& 46 26 6,256 3,782 úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack wdlr®IKh lr .ekSu
m%d.aOk .sKqu ( ,eîï 71 46 9,562 6,795 u.ska wmkhk moku mqΩ,a ls¯u iy wmkhk
m%d.aOk .sKqu ( f.ùï 24 21 3,306 3,013
cx.u iy m%d.aOk .sKqu ^Y=oaO& -1,836 -1,917 -251,268 -275,930 iy úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack iïnkaOj Y%S ,xldfõ
uQ,H .sKqu ^Y=oaO& -2,312 -2,117 -346,198 -307,793 ;r.ld˙;ajh by< kxjd .ekSu hkd†h flfrys
iDcq wdfhdack ( j;alï 53 237 7,199 34,476
iDcq wdfhdack ( j.lSï 680 898 93,528 131,992
cd;sl fj<| m%;sm;a;sh fhduq úh hq;=h' fj<|
úúO wdfhdack ( j;alï ... ... 3 -1 myiqlï ie,iSu i|yd .kq ,nk m%;sixialrK
Kh iq/l=ïm;a ... ... 3 -1 iy l%shdudr®. ;=<ska f.da,Sh fj<|fmd< ;=< Y%S
úúO wdfhdack ( j.lSï 686 993 101,935 144,688
ysñlï -60 24 -8,185 3,684
,xldfõ wmkhk m%;sY;h by< kxjd .ekSug
Kh iq/l=ïm;a 747 969 110,121 141,005 wfmaCIs; w;r" th Y%S ,xld wdr®:ßlfha jr®Ok
uQ,H jHq;amkak - - - -
m%jK;dj mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd fya;=jkq we;'

5
wfkl=;a wdfhdack ( j;alï 503 317 70,962 45,682
uqo,a iy ;ekam;= 143 5 21,127 538
wmkhk m%jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd úfoaY fj<πu
fj<| Kh iy w;a;sldrï 116 -67 15,807 -9,678
wfkl=;a ,eìh hq;= .sKqï 244 379 34,028 54,821 flfrys mj;sk ndOl bj;a ls¯fï jeo.;alu rch
wfkl=;a wdfhdack ( j.lSï 1,857 308 271,788 45,677 úiska y∫kd f.k we;' ta wkqj" 2010 wf.daia;=
uqo,a iy ;ekam;= 1,457 -609 209,324 -87,671
Kh 759 753 105,244 108,636
udifha ° w;aysgqjkq ,enQ hqfrdamd ix.uh u.ska
uy nexl=j -507 -123 -68,775 -17,234 ,nd fok úfYaI m%;s,dN iys; fj<| jrKhka
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k 787 -507 107,301 -75,495 ms<sn| fmd≥ l%uh ^„'tia'mS' ma,ia iykh& kej;
rch 470 1,287 66,126 188,365
wfkl=;a wxY 9 96 592 13,000 ,nd .ekSu i|yd wjYH lghq;= is≥ lrk ,o
fj<| Kh iy w;a;sldrï -401 109 -54,437 16,120 w;r" hqfrdamd fj<|fmd< fj; Y%S ,xldfõ u;aiH
wfkl=;a f.úh hq;= .sKqï 41 55 11,657 8,592
úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï - - - -
wmkhkh iïnkaOfhka hqfrdamd fldñiu u.ska
ixÑ; j;alï 354 -472 42,890 -65,593 mkjk ,o ;yku bj;a lr .ekSfï wruq◊ka
uQ,H r;%ka -39 - -5,156 - cd;Hka;r kS;s¯;sj,g wkql+,j ëjr lghq;=
úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï -2 -5 -302 -685
cd'uQ'wruqof,a ixÑ; uÜgu - - - -
is≥ ls¯ug wjYH l%shdudr®. .kakd ,°' jd◊c
wfkl=;a ixÑ; j;alï 395 -467 48,348 -64,907 fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska hqfrdamd ix.uh" w∞< foaYSh
uqo,a iy ;ekam;= 116 -1,267 12,566 -183,495
mdr®Yajlrejka fukau hqfrdamd ix.ufha „'tia'mS'
iq/l=ïm;a 279 800 35,755 118,582
Y=oaO jer°ï yd w;aye¯ï -476 -201 -94,930 -31,862 ma,ia iykh kej; ,nd .ekSu i|yd m;a l<
iuia; fYaIh ^we& -1,489 -500 -129,654 -46,013 wka;r® wud;HdxY wkqldrl iNdj iu`. f;dr;=re
o'foa'ks' fha m%;sY;hla f,i
fj<| .sKqu -10.4 -11.2 úuiSï iy iudf,dapk /iaùï ud,djla mj;ajk
NdKav yd fiajd -7.5 -7.6 ,°' ta wkqj" hqfrdamd ix.ufha „'tia'mS' ma,ia
cx.u .sKqu -2.3 -2.4
cx.u yd m%d.aOk .sKqu -2.3 -2.4 fr.=,dis hgf;a olajd we;s cd;Hka;r iïuq;Ska 27 g
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j we;s wkql+,;djh;a" fuf;la ,nd we;s m%.;sh;a
^wd& ;djld,sl we;=<;aj ishÆ w∞< f;dr;=re wdjrKh jk m˙†
^we& iuia; fYaIh .Kkh ls¯u i`oyd 5'11 ixLHd
igyk m˙YS,kh lrkak' mqΩ,a jdr®;djla ilia lrk ,°' fuu mqΩ,a jdr®;dj

151
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
iy hqfrdamd ix.ufha „'tia'mS' ma,ia iykh kej;
,nd .ekSfï wh≥ïm;" Bg w∞< ishÆu iydhl
weuqKqï o iuÛ 2016 cQ,s udifha ° hqfrdamd
fldñiu fj; Ndr fok ,°' hqfrdamd fldñiu
mQr®K iudf,dapk l%shdj,shlska wk;=rej 2017
ckjd˙ udifha ° hqfrdamd ix.ufha „'tia'mS' ma,ia
iykh kej; ,nd °u i|yd fhdackd l< w;r" th
udkj ysñlï" lïlre whs;Ska" m˙ir ixrlaIK
iy hymd,khg iïnkaO cd;Hka;r iïuq;Ska 27
wkq.ukh ls¯u iy M,∞hS f,i l%shd;aul ls¯u
i|yd Y%S ,xldfõ we;s lemùu u; ;SrKh úh' ;jo"
fï i|yd úfrdaO;d we;akï tajd b†˙m;a ls¯u
i|yd udi 4 l ld,hla hqfrdamd mdr®,sfïka;=j
fj; ,nd fok ,°' óg wu;rj" kS;suh fkdjk"
jdr®;d fkdjk yd kshdukh fkdjk ëjr
lghq;= ms<sn| fr.=,dis hgf;a hqfrdamd ix.uh
fj; lrkq ,nk Y%S ,xldfõ u;aiH wmkhk
i|yd 2015 ckjd˙ isg l%shd;aul jk f,i 2014
Tlaf;danr® ui mek jQ ;yku bj;a lr .ekSug
rch u.ska .;a ±ä W;aidyhl m%;sM,hla f,i
2016 cqks udifha ° th bj;a lrk ,°' hqfrdamd
ix.ufha fj<|fmd< Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk;u u;aiH
wmkhk .ukdka;hla jk neúka Y%S ,xldfõ
u;aiH wmkhkh m%jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd .kakd ,o
iqúfYaIS mshjrla f,i fuh ±laúh yelsh' ;yku
bj;a ls¯fuka miqj 2016 fojk Nd.fha ° hqfrdamd
5
ix.uh fj; is≥ l< u;aiH wmkhkh fmr jifr®
wkqrEm ld,m˙Éf√ohg idfmalaIj ishhg 110 lska
jr®Okh ù we;'
m%Odk jYfhka wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh
iy hqfrdamd ix.uh úiska ,nd fokq ,nk fj<|
jrKhka ms<sn| fmd≥ l%uhka („'tia'mS')" 2016
jifr® ° ;j≥rg;a l%shd;aul úh' Y%S ,xldj we;=Ω
m%;s,dN ,nk rgj,a 122 la i|yd NdKav 5"000 lg
wdikak m%udKhlg wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh
fj; ;Sre n≥ rys; m%fõYhla ,nd fok wefu˙ld
tlai;a ckmo „'tia'mS' iykh 2015 cqks udifha °
kej; n,d;aul lrk ,o w;r" th 2017 foieïnr®
31 olajd j,x.= jkq we;' Y%S ,xldj we;=Ω m%;s,dN
,nk wfkl=;a rgj,a úiska ishÆu „'tia'mS'
m%;s,dN ,nk rgj,g n,mdk m˙† ixpdrl NdKav
i|yd jk ;Sren≥ ksoyiaa lr .ekSu ;=<ska tlai;a
ckmo „'tia'mS' iykh ;j≥rg;a mqΩ,a ls¯u i|yd
b,a,Sula b†˙m;a l< w;r" 2017 jr®Ih ;=< ° tu
wjirh ,efnkq we;ehs wfmalaIs;h' ;jo" hqfrdamd
ix.uh fj;ska ,nd fokq ,nk idudkH „'tia'mS'
iykh Y%S ,xldj fj; ;j≥rg;a ,efnk w;r"
fuu.ska Y%S ,xldfõ wmkhklrejkag NdKav
152
7"200 lg muK iykYS,S ;Sren≥ m%fõYhla ,efí'
fï w;r" †hqKq fjñka mj;sk rgj,a w;r we;s
lr.;a .súiqula jk §f.da,Sh jr”h fj<πï
l%uh¶1 (Global System of Trade Preference) hgf;a
Y%S ,xldj is≥ l< wmkhk 2015 jifr® mej;s t'c'
fvd,r® ñ,shk 49 g idfmalaIj 2016 ° t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 45 olajd iqΩ jYfhka my< f.dia we;'
f.da,Sh jr”h fj<πï l%uh hgf;a Y%S ,xldj
úiska m%Odk wmkhkh f,i l=re∫" úfYaIfhka
fulaisfldaj iy fmare hk rgj,g wmkhkh lr
we;' cmdkh iy fkdar®fõ o we;=Ωj fjk;a rgj,a
lsysmhla u.ska ms˙kukq ,enQ „'tia'mS' iyk l%u
u.ska o Y%S ,xldj m%;s,dN ,nhs' 2016 jifr® °
ishÆu „'tia'mS' iyk l%u hgf;a ,o wmkhk
wd∞hu t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 3"394 la olajd ishhg
9'0 lska jr®Okh úh' úúO „'tia'mS' iyk l%u
;=<ska by< wd∞hï ,nk rgj,a i|yd jr”h
m%fõY ,eî ;snqK o" úYd, jYfhka iSud ù we;s
wmkhk moku" fuu iyk l%u yryd Y%S ,xldjg
,nd .; yels iïmQr®K m%;s,dNh w;alr .ekSug
ndOd muqKqjhs'
f.da,Sh w.h ∞uh yd iïnkaO ùug we;s
wjYH;djh y∫kd .ksñka" w.h tl;= ls¯u by<
kexùu" fj<|fmd< m%fõYh by< kexùu iy
kfjda;amdokh hkd†h b†˙ ±lau lr .ksñka"
isx.mamQrej" Ökh" cmdkh" ol=Kq fld˙hdj"
nx.,dfoaYh iy wm%sldfõ ke.S tk fj<|fmd<j,a
we;=Ω m%Odk jYfhka úNj;djka mj;sk
fj<|fmd<j,a iu`. fj<| .súiqï we;s lr
.ekSfuys,d rch ¥ror®YS f,i lghq;= lr
we;' Ök-Y%S ,xld ksoyia fj<| .súiqu ms<sn|
idlÉPd wdrïN ls¯u i|yd jk wjfndaO;d .súiqu
2014 iema;eïnr® udifha ° w;aika lrkq ,eîh'
Ök-Y%S ,xld ksoyia fj<| .súiqu hgf;a NdKav
iy fiajd fj<πu" wdfhdack iy wdr®:ßl yd
;dlaI◊l iyfhda.S;dj hk lreKq wdjrKh fõ'
;jo" Y%S ,xldj iy isx.mamQrej úiska úia;Sr®K
ksoyia fj<| .súiqulg t<eöfï wjYH;djh forg
úiskau 2016 cqks udifha ° ksfõokh lrk ,°'
fuu úia;Sr®K ksoyia fj<| .súiqu u.ska
wmkhk yryd wdr®:ßl jr®Okh <`.d lr .ekSu"
/lshd W;amdokh" ;dlaI◊l ±kqu yd m%ùK;dj
iys; wdfhdack wdlr®IKh lr .ekSu i|yd
fj<|fmd< m%idrKh ls¯u iy forfÜ iemhqï ∞u
1 f.da,Sh jr”h fj<πï l%uh †hqKq fjñka mj;sk rgj,a w;r we;s lr.;a
.súiqula jk w;r" th 1989 ° l%shd;aul lrk ,°' th ol=K - ol=K w;r
fj<πu i|yd wdr®:ßl iyfhda.S;dj jr®Okh lr .ekSfï wruqK we;sj
fj<πu yd ixjr®Okh ms<sn| tlai;a cd;Skaf.a iïuka;%Kfha wkq.%yh
hgf;a .súi.;a ;Sre n≥ jr”h l%uhls'

iïnkaO;djh Ndú; ls¯u wruqKq fldg we;'
fomdr®Yjh u.ska u lrkq ,enQ YlH;d
wOHhkj,ska miqj fhda‚; ksoyia fj<|
.súiqfuys úIh m:h iy wdjrKh ms<sn|j w∞<
wdh;k iu`. uQ,sl idlÉPd is≥ ls¯u i|yd"
isx.mamQrej 2016 cq,s udifha ° úIh m:h
ksr®Kh ls¯fï ¥; fufyjrl ksr; úh' m%:u
idlÉPd jg ;=k 2016 jir ;=< ° meje;aúKs'
Ökh iy isx.mamQrej iu`. jk ksoyia fj<|
.súiqï foflysu lghq;= 2017 jir ;=< °
wjika ls¯ug wfmalaIs;h' fï w;r" fj<| yd
wdfhdack rduqj ms<sn| .súiqfuys (TIFA) 12 jeks
uKav, /iaùu 2016 wfm%a,a udifha ° wefu˙ld
tlai;a ckmoh yd Y%S ,xldj w;r wefu˙ld
tlai;a ckmofha fjdIskagka kqjr ° meje;aúKs'
f,dal m%ñ;Skag .e<fmk wdldrhg Y%S ,xldfõ
fj<| yd wdfhdack l%uh m%;sixialrKh ls¯u"
Y%S ,xldfõ jr®;udk wmkhkj, ;r.ld˙;ajh
by< kexùu iy jir myl ld,hla ;=< °
Y%S ,xldj yd wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh w;r
fj<πu yd wdfhdack fõ.j;a ls¯u i|yd
kj fj<|fmd< jeä†hqKq ls¯u b,lal lr
.ksñka fuu yuqfõ ° w∞< rchka fol tlai;a
ckmo-Y%S ,xld taldnoaO l%shdld¯ ie,eiaula
(US - Sri Lanka Joint Action Plan) ilia lrk ,°'
2016 iema;eïnr® udifha ° fj<| yd wdfhdack
rduqjg w∞< wka;r® ieis uKav, /iaùula
fld<U ° meje;ajqKq w;r" fuys° l,dmfha fiajd
uOHia:dkhla f,i lghq;= ls¯fï Y%S ,xldfõ
b,lalh imqrd .ekSu i|yd iydh ±laùu uQ,sl
lr .;a mqΩ,a mrdihl úys≥Kq l%shd;aul ls¯fï
ie,eiaula i|yd tl`.;ajhlg meñ◊fhah'
kj fj<| .súiqï i|yd we;=<;a ùug w∞<
uQ,sl lghq;= is≥ lrk w;r;=r" mj;sk oaùmdr®Yaúl
fj<| .súiqïj, Wmfhdackh ldr®hlaIu f,i by<
kexùu i|yd mshjr lsysmhla f.k we;' ixjr®Ok
Wmdhudr®. yd cd;Hka;r fj<| wud;HdxYh"
jd◊c fomdr®fïka;=j iy lr®udka; yd jd◊c
lghq;= wud;HdxYh tlaj Y%S ,xldfõ fj<πu
i|yd n,mEula mj;sk rgj,a iu`. mj;ajdf.k
hkq ,nk ksoyia fj<| .súiqï" jr”h fj<|
.súiqï iy úia;Sr®K wdr®:ßl iyfhda.s;d .súiqïj,
jr®Okhka ms<sn|j wLKavj we.hSï is≥ lrkq ,eîh'
fuys m%;sM,hla f,i ksoyia fj<| .súiqï" jr”h
fj<| .súiqï iy úia;Sr®K wdr®:ßl iyfhda.s;d
.súiqï ms<sn| mekk.sk .egÆ ksrdlrKh lr
.ekSu i|yd iudf,dapk /iaùï .Kkdjla mj;ajd
we;s w;r reishdj" brdkh" fn,dreia" ;+r®lsh iy
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s
nx.,dfoaYh jeks rgj,a iu`. oaùmdr®Yaúl fj<|
iïnkaO;d jeä†hqKq lr .ekSu i|yd taldnoaO
fldñiï mj;ajk ,°' bka≥-Y%S ,xld ksoyia fj<|
.súiqu hgf;a Y%S ,xldj úiska bka†hdj fj;
is≥ lrk ,o wmkhk jákdlu 2015 jifr® ° jQ
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 407 yd iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® °
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 375 la úh' fiajd wxYh
we;=<;a ls¯fuka iy fhda‚; wdr®:ßl yd ;dlaI◊l
iyfhda.s;d .súiqu hgf;a jeä wdfhdack wjia:d
Wmojd .ekSu u.ska bka≥-Y%S ,xld ksoyia fj<|
.súiqu ;j≥rg;a Yla;su;a ls¯ug wfmalaId flfr®'
jd◊c fomdr®;fïka;=j iy ixjr®Ok Wmdhudr®. yd
cd;Hka;r fj<| wud;HdxYh 2016 wf.daia;=
udifha ° uQ,sl ks, uÜgfï idlÉPd wdrïN ls¯ug
fmr w∞< mdr®Yajlrejka iu`. f;dr;=re úuiSï
is≥ l< w;r" ks, idlÉPdj, ° fomdr®Yjh úiska
wdr®:ßl yd ;dlaI◊l iyfhda.s;d .súiqfuys mqΩ,a
úIh m:h ms<sn|j iy rduqj hg;g we;=<;a ls¯ug
wfmalaId lrk lafIa;% ms<sn|j muKla fidhd
n,k ,°' fojk jgfha idlÉPd 2016
iema;eïnr® udifha ° mej;s w;r" tys°
NdKav iy fiajd fj<πu i|yd wfkHdakH
y∫kd .ekSfï .súiqïj, (Mutual Recognition
Agreements) jeo.;alu ms<sn|j fomdr®Yjh
tl`.;djhlg meñkq◊' wdr®:ßl yd ;dlaI◊l
5
iyfhda.s;d .súiqu ms<sn| idlÉPdj, ° NdKav"
;dlaIK iyfhda.s;dj" wdr®:ßl iyfhda.s;dj"
fiajd iy wdfhdack ,sys,alrKh u.ska bka≥-
Y%S ,xld ksoyia fj<| .súiqu ;j≥rg;a mqΩ,a
ls¯ug wfmalaIs;h' fuu .súiqfï lghq;=
2017 jir ;=< ° wjika ls¯ug wfmalaIs;h'
fï w;r mdlsia:dkq-Y%S ,xld ksoyia fj<|
.súiqug w∞<j 6 jk ;dlaI◊l uÜgfï /iaùu
2016 ckjd˙ udifha ° fld<U ° mej;s w;r" tys°
fuu .súiqu u.ska ;j≥rg;a fj<| ndOl ,sys,a
ls¯u wruqKq lr .ksñka ;Sren≥ iyk ,nd
fok NdKav ,ehsia;=j kej; i,ld ne,Su i|yd
fomdr®Yjhu idlÉPd lrk ,°' fuys m%;sM,hla
f,i wiudk f,i wdkhk ;lafiarelrKh ksid
is≥jk fj<| ndOl lsysmhla bj;a lr we;' flfia
jqj o" mdlsia:dkq-Y%S ,xld ksoyia fj<| .súiqu
hgf;a Y%S ,xldfjka mdlsia:dkh fj; is≥ lrk ,o
wmkhk ;j≥rg;a my< w.hla .;a w;r" th 2015
jifr® mej;s t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 59 g idfmalaIj
2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 52 la úh' NdKav
úúOdx.SlrKh m%udKj;a fkdùu iy fr®.=j yd
iïnkaO .egÆ fï i|yd n,mE m%Odk lreKq
f,i ie,lsh yelsh'
153
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
l,dmSh iy nyqmdr®Yaùh fj<| .súiqïj, we;s
wjYH;djh úYd, jYfhka biau;= lrñka f.da,Sh
w.h∞u hgf;a jk cd;Hka;r fj<πfï iy fldgia
jYfhka NdKav úúO rgj, ksIamdokh ls¯fï
cd,j, (Product Sharing Networks) jeo.;alu by<
hñka mj;S' l,dmSh fj<| .súiqï iïnkaOfhka
ie,lSfï ° Y%S ,xldj úiska ol=Kq wdishdkq
ksoyia fj<| jrKfhys (SAFTA) ksoyia fj<|
jevigyk (Trade Liberalisation Programme) hgf;a jQ
m<uq w†hr 2015 jifr® fkdjeïnr® udih jk úg
iïmQr®K lrk ,°' ksoyia fj<| jevigyfkys
fojeks mshjr hgf;a 2020 jir jk úg tu
.súiqug w∞< idud‚lhska ish uQ,sl ixfõ° NdKav
,ehsia;=j ishhg 20 lska j;a my< oukq we;ehs
wfmalaId lrk w;r" 2018 jk úg ° Y%S ,xldj tu
b,lalh imqrd .ekSug ie,iqï lr we;' ol=Kq
wdishdkq ksoyia fj<| jrKh hgf;a Y%S ,xldj
úiska 2016 jifr® ° is≥ l< wmkhk m%udKh
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 8 olajd ishhg 67'4 lska my< .sh
w;r" .súiqu hgf;a ,enqKq uqΩ wmkhk wd∞hfuka
ishhg 60 la bka†hdfjka jQ w;r" lΩ .ïñ˙ia iy
weÆñkshï ksIamd†; m%Odk wmkhk NdKav úh'
l,dmSh fiajd fj<πu mqΩ,a ls¯fï ;j;a mshjrla
f,i fiajd fj<πu ms<sn| idla .súiqfuys (SATIS)
ne£ï ms<sn| cd;sl Wmf,aLk ilia fldg wjika
5
ls¯fï l%shdj,sh is≥ flfrñka mj;sk w;r" 2016
cqks udifha ° fiajd fj<πu ms<sn| idla .súiqu
hgf;a we;s ne£ï ms<sn| Y%S ,xldjg úfYaIs;
Wmf,aLkh i|yd wud;H uKav, wkque;sh ,eî
we;' wdishd-Ydka;slr fj<| .súiqfuys (APTA)
49 jeks ia:djr lñgq ieisjdrh 2016 jifr®
iema;eïnr® udifha ° ;dhs,ka;fha mej;s w;r"
tys° fj<πu i|yd myiqlï ie,iSu" wdfhdack
iy fiajd i|yd jk tl`.;d rduqj l%shd;aul
l< hq;= wdldrh ms<sn|j idlÉPd lrk ,°'
wdishd-Ydka;slr l,dmfha ixjr®Okh fjñka
mj;sk rgj,a w;r jr”h fj<πu fjkqfjka we;s
lr.;a mer◊;u fj<| .súiqu jkqfha 1975 ° w;aika
;nk ,o" tjlg §nexfldla .súiqu¶ f,i ye¢ka jQ
wdishd-Ydka;slr fj<| .súiqu jk w;r"
nx.,dfoaYh" Ñkh" bka†hdj" ,d´ih" ol=Kq
fld˙hdj" fudxf.da,shdj iy Y%S ,xldj
fuys idud‚l;ajh orkq ,nhs' 2016 jifr® °
wdishd-Ydka;slr fj<| .súiqu hgf;a is≥ l<
wmkhkj, jákdlu t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 126 la
olajd ishhg 5'9 lska by< .sh w;r" m%Odk wmkhk
NdKav jQfha lΩ f;a" fmd,a wdY%s; ksIamd†; iy
f;dard .;a we`.Æï whs;uhkah' wdishd-Ydka;slr
154
fj<| .súiqfuys idud‚lhska w;˙ka Ökh iy
ol=Kq fld˙hdj Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk fj<|fmd< jQ
w;r tu rgj,a i|yd l< wmkhk" .súiqu hgf;a
is≥ l< uqΩ wmkhkj,ska ms<sfj<ska ishhg 72 la
iy ishhg 25 la úh' bka†hdkq id.r j<,af,a rgj,a
w;r mj;ajk l,dmSh iuqΩjla jk bka†hdkq
id.r j<,af,a ix.ufha (IORA) wud;H uKav,
uÜgfï fojeks wdr®:ßl iy jHdmdr iuqΩj 2016
wfm%a,a udifha ° vqndhs ys ° meje;ajqKq w;r" 16 jk
wud;Hjrekaf.a iNdj iy yjq,a /iaùï 2016 jifr®
Tlaf;danr® udifha ° bka≥kSishdfõ ° meje;aúKs'
nyq wdxYsl ;dlaIKsl iy wdr®:ßl iyfhda.s;dj
Wfoid jk fnx.d, fndlafla rgj, uQ,sl;ajh
(BIMSTEC) hgf;a Y%S ,xldjg w∞< ksoyia fj<|
jevigyk i|yd 2016 jifr® fmnrjd˙ udifha °
leìkÜ wud;Hjrekaf.a wkque;sh ,eî we;'
Y%S ,xldj f,dal fj<| ixúOdkh úiska
l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk nyqmdr®Yaùh l%shdudr®. i|yd
wLKavj iïnkaO úh' §f,dal fj<| ixúOdkfha
khsfrdaì meflach¶ f,i ye¢ka jQ fhdackdj,sh
ie,ls,a,g .ksñka 2015 foieïnr® udifha °
flkahdfõ ° f,dal fj<| ixúOdkfha 10 jk
wud;H uKav, uÜgfï iuqΩj meje;a jQ w;r" iuqΩj
wjidkfha ° f,dal fj<| ixúOdkfha wkd.;
ie,eiau o iïu; lr .kakd ,°' f,dal fj<|
ixúOdkh iuÛ fj<|du i|yd myiqlï iemhSfï
.súiqu (TFA) ia:ßr lr.;a 81 jk idud‚lhd
njg Y%S ,xldj 2016 jifr® uehs udifha ° m;a jQ
w;r" tu.ska f.da,Sh fj<|fmd< ;=< Y%S ,xldfõ
;r.ld˙;ajh jr®Okh lr.ekSug yelsjkq we;'
f,dal fj<| ixúOdkfha j;auka idud‚lhkaf.ka
;=fkka folla ish kS;Hdkql+, ms<s.ekSu ia:ßr
l< úg .súiqu l%shd;aul jkq we;' fj<|du i|yd
myiqlï iemhSfï .súiqu" f.da,Sh fj<πug
úYd, jYfhka m%fhdackj;a jkq we;ehs wfmalaId
lrk w;r" úfYaIfhkau ixjr®Okh fjñka
mj;sk iy W!k ixjr®ê; rgj,g iydh jkq
we;' fj<|du i|yd myiqlï iemhSfï .súiqu
mQr®K f,i l%shd;aul ls¯u ;=<ska f.da,Sh wdr®:ßl
jr®Okh jeä †hqKq lrk w;r;=r fj<| ms˙jeh
wvq lr .ekSug wfmalaId flfr®' ;jo" jd◊c
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska mj;ajk ,o WmfoaYk
ud,djlska miqj 2016 fkdjeïnr® udifha °
‚kSjdys f,dal fj<| ixúOdk m%Odk ldr®hd,fha °
Y%S ,xldfõ 4 jk fj<| m%;sm;a;s iudf,dapkh
idr®:lj wjika úh' fj<| m%;sm;a;sj, úksúoNdjh
jeä†hqKq ls¯u u.ska nyqmdr®Yaùh fj<| moaO;sfha
l%shdld˙;ajh iqugj is≥ ùu myiq lrùu i|yd

Y%S ,xldj iEu jir yhlg jrla u ish fj<|
m%;sm;a;sh iudf,dapkh l< hq;=h' fï w;r" Y%S
,xldfõ m%md;kh je<elaùu (Anti-Dumping)"
m%;sfhdackh (Countervailing)" iy wdrlaIK kS;s
moaO;sh (Safeguard Legislation) l%shd;aul ls¯u †.=
ld,hl isg m%udo fjñka mj;S' fï iïnkaOfhka jQ
kj leìkÜ m;%sldjla i|yd 2016 Tlaf;danr®
udifha ° wkque;sh ,eî we;'
wmkhk m%jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd wjYH
wdh;ksl iydh Yla;su;a ls¯fï wruqK we;sj
rch úiska l%shdudr®. .Kkdjla wdrïN l< w;r"
kj l%shdudr®. o fhdackd lr we;' wÆ;ska wdrïN
l< ixjr®Ok Wmdhudr®. yd cd;Hka;r fj<|
wud;HdxYh hgf;a cd;Hka;r fj<πu i|yd
jk ksfhda‚;dh;kh iy ixjr®Okh i|yd jk
ksfhda‚;dh;kh msysgqjk ,°' cd;Hka;r fj<πu yd
iïnkaO m%;sm;a;suh ;SrK .ekSu i|yd j.lsj
hq;= by< fmf<a ixiohla f,i cd;Hka;r fj<πu
i|yd jk ksfhda‚;dh;kh l%shd lrkq we;ehs
wfmalaId flfr®' cd;Hka;r fj<πu ixjr®Okh
ls¯u yd m%jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd j.lSu orñka
fj<| m%;sm;a;s iïmdokh" l%shd;aul ls¯u yd
iïnkaëlrKh ls¯u i|yd flakaøia:dkh njg
cd;Hka;r fj<πu i|yd jk ksfhda‚;dh;kh
m;a jkq we;ehs wfmalaId flfr®' Y%S ,xldjg
Wmdhudr®.sl fj<| m%;sm;a;s rduqjla ilia lr
°u i|yd tu ksfhda‚;dh;kh cd;sl fj<|
m%;sm;a;shla flgqïm;a ls¯fï l%shdj,shl ksr;j
isáhs' ixjr®Okh i|yd jk ksfhda‚;dh;kh
kQ;k fj<| kHdh" kj f.da,Sh fj<| m˙irh
iy fj<πu wdr®:ßl jr®Okfha hdka;%Kh f,i
Ndú; lrk rgj, w;a±lSï fj; wjOdkh fhduq
lrñka Y%S ,xldfõ wmkhk iy ;r.ld˙;ajh
jeä†hqKq ls¯ug kj úi∫ï fidhd .ekSu
i|yd cd;Hka;r ixjr®Okh i|yd jQ ydjr®â
uOHia:dkh" iyY% wNsfhda.s;d iyfhda.s;dj"
cd;Hka;r fj<| uOHia:dkh iy f,dal wdr®:ßl
iuqΩj iuÛ tlaj l%shd lrhs' Y%S ,xldfõ wdfhdack
jd;djrKh jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd l%shd;aul l<
úi∫ï w;r wmkhk ixjr®Ok uKav,h úiska
cd;sl wmkhk Wmdhudr®.h i|yd uq,ms¯u iy
wdh;k 15 lg jeä m%udKhl iyNd.s;ajfhka
hq;=j wdfhdack uKav,fhys ldr®hhka bgq lr
.ekSu i|yd tla ia:dkhla (one-stop-shop) msysgqùu
±laúh yelsh' ;jo" Y%S ,xld fr®.=j úiska tys jrdh
NdKav ksoyia ls¯fï l%shdmámdáh m˙.Kl.;
f;a¯fï l%shdj,shla Tiafia úúO pek,hka y∫kajd
°u u.ska iïmQr®Kfhka u iajhxl%Sh lrk ,°'
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s
fï wkqj" wjYH m¯laIK uÜgfuys fjkialï iuÛ
fld<" ly iy r;= hkqfjka pek, ;=kla y∫kajd
fok ,°' fuu iajhxl%Sh moaO;sh u.ska jrdh
NdKav ksoyia ls¯fï ° jeh jk ld,h ie,lsh hq;=
f,i wvq lr we;' ;jo" fld<U yd ;∞ikak m%foaY
iy rfgys wfkl=;a m%foaY w;r mj;sk wdr®:ßl
ixjr®Okfha wiudk;djh wju ls¯ug kqjr"
fld<U" yïnkaf;dg iy fld<U yd ;%sl=Kdu,h
jeks wdr®:ßl fld˙fvda we;s ls¯u yryd ixjr®Ok
lghq;= jHdma; ls¯ug jevigyka lsysmhla ie,iqï
lr we;s w;r" nKavdr.u" weô,smsáh" jjqkshdj"
l=,shdmsáh yd trdjqr® m%foaYj, wdr®:ßl l,dm
msysgqjkq we;s w;r" iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK jHdmdrj,
wdfhdack m˙irh iy wmkhk ;r.ld˙;ajh
jeä†hqKq lrkq we;'
2016 jifr® ° úfoaYSh fj<πfï Wmdhudr®.
l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd wdh;ksl iydh ;j≥rg;a
,nd fok ,°' wmkhk ixjr®Ok uKav,h
hdj;ald,Sk lrk ,o ish 2016-2020 Wmdhudr®.sl
ie,eiaug iu.dój 2020 jk úg t'c' fvd,r®
ì,shk 20 la jQ wmkhk b,lalhla fj; <Ûd ùfï
wNsfhda.d;aul wruqK iys;j wmkhk m%jr®Okh
b,lal lr.;a jevigyka .Kkdjla l%shd;aul
lr we;' ;jo" Tjqkaf.a jdr®Isl l%shdld¯ ie,eiau
;=< wmkhk úúOdx.SlrKh yd w.h tl;=
5
ls¯u m%jr®Okh ls¯u" b,lal.; ikakdu kdu
m%jr®Okh" kj ;dlaIKh y∫kajd °u" mr®fhaIK yd
ixjr®Ok iydh iemhSu iy mqyqKq ls¯fï yd
±kqïj;a ls¯fï jevigyka meje;aùu we;=Ω
wmkhk jr®Okh ls¯ug wjYH úúO l%shdldrlï
y∫kd f.k we;' fï wkqj" m%Odk wmkhk
fj<|fmd<j, mj;sk y`≥kd.;a .egÆ ksrdlrKh
ls¯u i|yd iïuka;%K iy jevuqΩ meje;aùu
u.ska m%dfhda.sl m%fõYhla ,nd .ekSu" Y%S ,xldfõ
m%;srEmh cd;Hka;rh ;=< f.dvke.Su i|yd
wmkhklrejka fj<| i,ams,aj,g iyNd.s
lrùu iy fj<|fmd< m%fõYh jeä†hqKq ls¯u"
Tjqkaf.a Wmdhudr®.sl ie,iqfï i|yka wmkhk
b,lalh <Ûd lr .ekSu i|yd wkq.ukh
l< hq;= Wmdhudr®. fõ' 2016 jir ;=< ° wmkhk
ixjr®Ok uKav,h úfoaY rgj, cd;Hka;r
fj<| i,ams,aj,g iyNd.s jk w;ru fj<|
i,ams,a lsysmhla mj;ajk ,°' cd;Hka;r fj<|
uOHia:dkfha úfYaIs; wx.hla jk 16 jk
f,dal wmkhk ixjr®Ok iuqΩj 2016 Tlaf;danr®
udifha ° foaYSh yd úfoaYSh ksfhda‚;hska 600 lf.a
iyNd.s;ajfhka Y%S ,xldfõ ° mj;ajk ,°' óg
wu;rj" 2016 jifr® ° wmkhk ixjr®Ok uKav,h
155
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
úiska wmkhk iïnkaOj mj;sk .egÆ ksrdlrKh
lr .ekSu i|yd cd;sl wmkhklrejkaf.a iuqΩ"
ckdêm;s wmkhk iïudk Wf<, meje;a jQ
w;r tys úoHq;a fj<|fmd< Ndú; lrñka úoHq;a
wf,úlrK lghq;= fndfyduhla o is≥lrk ,°'
;j o" wmkhk ixjr®Ok uKav,h" cd;Hka;r
fj<| uOHia:dkfha o iydh we;sj cd;sl wmkhk
Wmdhudr®.h ilia ls¯u wdrïN lrk ,°' cd;sl
wmkhk Wmdhudr®.h hkq rch iy fm!oa.,sl
wxYh úiska fj<|du iy ;r.ld˙;ajh jr®Okh
ls¯u i|yd jir myl l%shdld˙;ajh uq,a lr.;a
iúia;rd;aul m%uqL;aj rduqjla iemhSug .;a
iduQysl m%h;akhls' Y%S ,xldj bka†hdkq id.rfha
m%Odk fj<| uOHia:dkhla njg m;a ls¯u
i|yd wmkhk u.ska ;sridr wdr®:ßl jr®Okhla
<Ûd lr .ekSug wjYH meye†,s uÛ fmkaùula
cd;sl wmkhk Wmdhudr®.h ;=<ska ,nd fokq
we;' óg wu;rj" l%shd;aul ls¯ug wfmalaIs;
fj<| iy jd◊c .súiqï ksis f,i kS;s.; ls¯u
;yjqre ls¯fï j.lSu iys; cd;sl fj<| meñ◊,s
fufyhjkafkl= (National Trade Prosecutor) m;a
ls¯ug 2017 whjeh u.ska fhdackd lr we;'
2016 jifr® ° fj<| yd ;Sren≥ m%;sm;a;s
;=<ska" idOdrK fj<πu m%jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd n≥
l%uh ;dr®lSlrKh ls¯u iy ir, ls¯u flfrys
5
wjOdkh fhduq lrk ,°' ta wkqj" f;a lr®udka;hg
iyh °ug f;a i|yd jQ wdkhk yd wmkhk md,k
.dia;=" f;a weiqreï ls¯u iy ,dxPk ,shdm†xÑh
u; mkjd ;snQ .dia;= wfydais ls¯ug 2017 jir
i|yd jQ whjeh u.ska fhdackd lr we;' tfiau"
m%;s-wmkhkh ls¯u i|yd we;eï f;a jr®. wdkhkh
ls¯u u; mkjd ;snQ fr.=,dis ,sys,a ls¯ug fhdackd
lrk ,°' úfoaY wdfhdack flfrys Y%S ,xldj
Wkka≥ ls¯fï wruq◊ka hq;=j" n≥lrKfha mj;akd
fr®.= n≥ yer mkjd we;s wfkl=;a n≥ (Para-tariff)
l%ufhka wvq ls¯ug o rch wfmalaId lrhs' óg
iu.dój" f,dal fj<| ixúOdkh yd tlÛ ù we;s
m˙† ;Sre n≥ whs;u 96 l n≥ wkqmd; ixfYdaOkh
lr we;' ;jo" lr®udka; i|yd myiqlï ie,iSfï
wruq◊ka ldr®ñl wuqøjH i|yd jQ ;Sre n≥ wvq lr
we;'
ukao.dó f.da,Sh b,aÆu fya;=fjka
wmkhklrejkag uqyqK °ug is≥ úh yels
wNsfhda.j,g ms<shï jYfhka rch úiska
wmkhklrejkag myiqlï i,id °ug mshjr
lsysmhla fhdackd lr we;' fï wkqj" fj<|
myiqlï ie,iSu i|yd 2017 whjeh u.ska
wmkhklrejkag n≥ m%;s,dN ,nd °ug iy
156
wmkhk wdkhk nexl=jla msysgqùug fhdackd lr
we;' ;jo" úfYaIfhka rnr® wdY%s; ksIamd†;" T!IO"
fr†ms<s" Lksc øjH" ridhksl øjH yd fudagr® r:
lr®udka; b,lal lr.;a ksoyia fj<| l,dm
iy uQ,sl jYfhka f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh" frdfnda
;dlaIKh" ú,dis;d ksr®udKh" by< ;;a;ajfha
weÛÆï iy fndaÜgq ksIamdokh b,lal lr.;a
wmkhk .ïudk msysgqùu fukau úfYaIfhkau
fr†ms<s yd weÛÆï lr®udka;fha wuqøjH furg
;=<u ksIamdokh ls¯ug rcfha iyfhda.h ,nd °u
hkd†h i|yd fhdackd b†˙m;a lrk ,°'
cd;Hka;r fj<πu u; jQ f.da,Sh iy foaYSh
wNsfhda." rgg meye†,s yd ¥ror®YS fj<| m%;sm;a;shl
we;s wjYH;djh biau;= lr we;' tlai;a rdcOdksh
hqfrdamd ix.ufhka bj;a ùfuka we;s úh yels
n,mEu iy wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmofha kj rch
úiska úfoaY fj<πï m%;sm;a;sh fjkia ls¯fuka
we;s úh yels n,mEu i,ld n,ñka fj<|
m%;sm;a;sh ukdj ie,iqï l< hq;=h' Y%S ,xldj
hqfrdamd ix.uh u.ska ,nd fok „'tia'mS' ma,ia
iykh kej; ,nd .ekSfï wfmalaIdfjka isáh o"
Y%S ,xldj by< tal mqoa., wd∞hula iys; by<
ue† wd∞hï ,nk rgla njg m˙jr®;kh fjñka
mj;sk ksid fndfyda fj<|fmd< i|yd iyk∞hS
m%fõYh iSud jkq we;' tu ksid" mj;sk fj<|fmd<
;r.ld˙;ajh /l .ksñka" by< hk f.da,Sh
;r.ld˙;ajhg uqyqK °ug iy kj fj<|fmd< yd
;dlaI◊l m%fõY ,nd .ekSug wmkhklrejkag
yelshdj ie,iSu i|yd wdh;ksl iydh ,nd °u b;d
jeo.;a fõ' tneúka" l%shd;aul ls¯ug wfmalaIs;
cd;sl fj<| m%;sm;a;sh iy cd;sl wmkhk
Wmdhudr®.h" wmkhk ;r.ld˙;ajh jeä†hqKq ls¯u
iy idïm%∞hsl NdKavj,ska iukaú; wmkhk mei
úúOdx.SlrKh ls¯u i|yd kj wmkhk ksIamd†;
y∫kajd °u iy Y%S ,xldfõ wmkhk .ukdka;
úúOdx.SlrKh ls¯u flfrys jeä wjOdkhla
fhduq l< hq;=h' by< w.h tl;= ls¯ï iys;"
jvd;a ;dlaIKh u; mokï jQ ksIamd†; fj;
fhduq ls¯u i|yd ksIamdok wxYh kj udkhla
fj; fhduq lsrSu u.ska furg ldr®ñl m%;sm;a;sh
wmkhk m%jr®Okh flfrys wkq.; ls¯u" f.da,Sh
ksIamd†; w.h ∞uhg we;=<;a ùu myiq lrùug
iy tu.ska NdKav wmkhk jr®Okh ls¯ug
w;HjYH fõ' ldr®hlaIu iy talu;sl wmkhk
Wmdhudr®.hla ilia ls¯u i|yd wmkhk
m%jr®Okh wëlaIKh lrkq ,nk úúO wdh;kj,
l%shdld˙;ajh kjHlrKh ls¯u o b;d jeo.;a fõ'
;j o" wdkhk n≥ ksoyia ls¯u u; jQ wdkhk
 úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s

m%;sm;a;shla we;s ls¯u ;=<ska wdkhkh lrkq ,nk
rgj,ska wfkHdakH jYfhka m%;s,dN ,nd .ekSug
Wmld¯ fõ' Y%S ,xldjg f.da,Sh w.h ∞uh ;=<
jvd;a hym;a ia:dk.; ùulg iy rfgys ksIamd†;
fldgia jYfhka úúO rgj, ksmojk cd,h mqΩ,a
lr .ekSug o fuu.ska yels fõ'
5'3 NdKav fj<|du" fj<| fYaIh" fj<| ñ,
wkqmd;h iy fj<| ÈYdj
5'3'1 wmkhk l%shdldß;ajh
m%Odk jYfhka cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<ys
NdKav ñ, .Kkaj, my< hEu iy Y%S ,xldfõ
m%Odk wmkhk .ukdka;j, wdr®:ßl jr®Okh
uOHia: uÜgul mej;Su fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® °
wmkhk wd∞hu wLKavj fojeks jirg;a
my< .sfhah' 2016 jifr® w. Nd.fha ° wmkhk
wd∞hu ys;lr f,i jr®Okh jqj o" jifr® m<uq
udi y; ;=< ° lDIsldr®ñl iy ldr®ñl wmkhk
wd∞hï ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq ùu fya;=fjka
2016 jifr® wmkhk wd∞hu" 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 10"546 yd iei£fï °
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 10"310 la olajd ishhg 2'2 lska
my< .sfhah'
m%Odk jYfhka uqΩ wmkhk wd∞hfuka
fya;= úh' flfia jqjo" 2016 jifr® uq,a Nd.fha
° f;a lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd jQ idudkH wmkhk
ñ, fmr jifr® tu ld,m˙Éf√ohg idfmaCIj
ishhg 6'3 lska wvq jqj o" 2016 jir i|yd tu
w.h f;a lsf,da.%Euhlg t'c' fvd,r® 4'39 la olajd
ishhg 0'6 lska iqΩ jYfhka by< .sfhah' l=Ωnvq
iy iqΩ lDIsldr®ñl ksIamd†; wmkhk wd∞hï
wvq ùu o lDIsldr®ñl wmkhk wd∞hu my< hEu
i|yd ie,lsh hq;= f,i ∞hl úh' 2015 jifr® °
ishhg 42'7 l jr®Okhla jdr®;d l< l=`Mnvq wmkhk
wd∞hu 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 317 la olajd
ishhg 16'0 lska my< .sh w;r" .ïñ˙ia iy lrdnq
keá wmkhk m˙udjka ms<sfj<ska ishhg 50'8 lska
iy ishhg 66'6 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i my< hEu
ta i|yd fya;= úh' flfia jqj o" fuu jir ;=< °
l=re∫" iy id†lald yd jidjdis wmkhk m˙ud iy
wmkhk ñ, .Kka hk folu by< .sfhah' mqjla
iy iy,a wmkhk m˙udjka ms<sfj<ska ishhg
54'4 lska iy ishhg 54'2 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq
ùu fya;=fjka iq`M lDIsldr®ñl ksIamd†; wmkhk
wd∞hu t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 114 la olajd ishhg
28'9 lska my< .sfhah'
jir ;=< ° fmd,a" rnr®" iy uqyq≥ wdydr
wmkhk wd∞hu by< .sh w;r tu.ska lDIsldr®ñl
wmkhk wd∞hu wvq ùfuka jQ n,mEu hï

5
y;frka tlla muK jk lDIsldr®ñl wmkhk m%udKhlska iukh úh' wmkhk ñ, .Kkaj,
wd∞hu wvq ùu iuia; wmkhk wd∞hu my< my< hEu ksid fmd,a uo wdY%s; ksIamd†; hgf;a
hEug fya;= úh' lDIsldr®ñl ksIamd†; hgf;a jr®. jr®. lr we;s fmd,af;,a wmkhk wd∞hfï
lr we;s fndfyda ldKavj, wmkhk wd∞hfï ie,lsh hq;= wvqùula is≥ jqjo" fmd,a f.ä"
wvq ùula ms<sìUq lrñka 2016 jifr® lDIsldr®ñl fmd,a fl¢ iy fmd,a lgq yd brgq jeks fmd,a
wmkhk wd∞hu t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"326 la
5'2 rEm igyk
olajd ishhg 6'3 lska my< .sfhah' 2015 ° ishhg
17'7 lska my< .sh f;a wmkhk wd∞hu" 2016 jifr® ° wmkhk ixhq;sh - 2016
;j≥rg;a t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"269 la olajd Lksc iy fjk;a fr†ms<s yd
ishhg 5'3 lska my< .sh w;r" th 2009 jifrka
1] we`.Æï rnr®
47] ksIamd†;
miqj f;a wmkhk wd∞hu i|yd jdr®;d jQ wvqu 7]
w.h fõ' f;a ksIamdokh fukau b,aÆu wvq ùu
fya;=fjka uqΩ f;a wmkhk m˙udj lsf,da.%Eï
ue◊la"
ñ,shk 289 la olajd ishhg 5'9 lska my< .sfhah' †huka;s yd
2016 jifr® ° f;a ksIamdokh wvq ùu i|yd whym;a iajr®KdNrK
3]
ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajhka iy jeú,s wxYfha mej;s
jD;a;Sh iñ;s l%shdudr®. fya;= úh' f;a i|yd jQ wdydr" mdk jr®.
hka;%iQ;% yd
hdka;s%l WmlrK
b,aÆu wvq ùug Y%S ,xldfõ f;aa i|yd m%Odk iy ≥ïfld< 3]
lDIsldr®ñl 3] m%jdyk
.eKqïlrejka jk ueofmr†. rgj,a iy reishdj 22] ldr®ñl fjk;a WmlrK
fj;ska mej;s b,aÆu wvq ùu uQ,sl jYfhka n,mE 77] 8] 1]
Lksc f;,a
w;r" idfmalaI jYfhka wvq Lksc f;,a ñ, .Kka iï NdKav" ixpdrl
ksIamd†;
NdKav yd mdjyka
ksid fuu rgj, wd∞hï uÜgï my< hEu iy 2] 3]
N+-foaYmd,ksl wúksYaÑ;;djka by< hEu fï i|yd uQ,h( YS% ,xld fr®.=j

157
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

u| wdY%s; fkdjk ksIamd†; wmkhk by< hEu
fya;=fjka fmd,a wdY%s; ksIamd†; wmkhk wd∞hu
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 366 la olajd ishhg
4'0 lska by< .sfhah' rnr® wmkhk ñ, .Kkaj,
wvqùula is≥ jqj o" 2012 jifr® isg wLKavj
wvqùula fmkakqï l< rnr® wmkhk wd∞hu" 2016
jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 33 la olajd ishhg
25'0 lska by< .sh w;r" rnr® wmkhk m˙udj
lsf,da.%Eï ñ,shk 16 la olajd ishhg 55'8 lska
by< hEu óg fya;= úh' 2015 jifr® ckjd˙
udifha isg hqfrdamd fj<|fmd< fj; m%fõY
ùu iSud ls¯u;a iu`. 2015 jifr® ° ie,lsh hq;=
f,i wvq jQ uqyq≥ wdydr wmkhk wd∞hu" hqfrdamd
ix.uh fj; Y%S ,xldfjka uqyq≥ wdydr wmkhkh
ls¯u i|yd mkjd ;snQ ;yku 2016 jifr® cqks
udifha ° bj;a ls¯fuka miqj 2016 jifr® °
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 170 la olajd ishhg 4'0 lska
by< .sfhah'
uq`M wmkhk wd∞hfuka y;frka ;=kla
muK jQ ldr®ñl wmkhk wd∞hu miq.sh jirg
idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 7"940 la
olajd ishhg 1'0 lska my< .sfhah' fuu wvqùu
i|yd m%jdyk WmlrK" Lksc f;,a ksIamd†;
iy ue◊la" †huka;s yd iajr®KdNrK wmkhk
wd∞hu my< hEu úYd, jYfhka ∞hl úh'
m%Odk jYfhka u fld<U jrdh k.rh ixjr®Ok
jHdmD;sh i|yd 2013 iy 2014 jirj, ° wdkhkh
lrk ,o le”ï lghq;= i|yd Ndú;d lrk hd;%d
folla 2015 jifr® ° wmkhkh ls¯u fya;=fjka
tu jifr® ° m%jdyk WmlrK wmkhk wd∞hu
ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< w.hla .ekSu ksid
2016 jifr® m%jdyk WmlrK wmkhk wd∞hu
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 131 la olajd ishhg 46'0 lska
my< .sfhah' m%Odk jYfhka keõ iy .=jka hdkd
i|yd Ndú;d lrk bkaOk we;=<;a Lksc f;,a

5'2 ixLHd igyk

wmkhk ixhq;sh

2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd& jákdlfï jdr®Isl fjkia ùug

ldKavh jákdlu ∞hl;ajh jákdlu ∞hl;ajh fjki fjkiaùu jQ ∞hl;ajh
t'c' fvd,r® ] t'c' fvd,r® ] t'c' fvd,r® ] ]
ñ,shk ñ,shk ñ,shk

lDIsldr®ñl wmkhk 2,481.5 23.5 2,326.1 22.6 -155.4 -6.3 65.6

5
f;a 1,340.5 12.7 1,269.0 12.3 -71.5 -5.3 30.2
rnr® 26.1 0.2 32.7 0.3 6.5 25.0 -2.8
fmd,a 351.7 3.3 366.0 3.5 14.2 4.0 -6.0
l=Ωnvq 377.4 3.6 317.1 3.1 -60.3 -16.0 25.5
t<jΩ 30.5 0.3 26.5 0.3 -4.0 -13.0 1.7
ilia fkdl< ≥ïfld< 31.8 0.3 31.2 0.3 -0.6 -2.0 0.3
iqΩ lDIsldr®ñl ksIamd†; 160.4 1.5 114.1 1.1 -46.3 -28.9 19.6
uqyq≥ wdydr 163.1 1.5 169.6 1.6 6.5 4.0 -2.8
ldr®ñl wmkhk 8,017.1 76.0 7,940.1 77.0 -77.0 -1.0 32.5
fr†ms<s yd weÛÆï 4,820.2 45.7 4,884.1 47.4 63.9 1.3 -27.0
rnr® ksIamd†; 761.2 7.2 767.9 7.4 6.7 0.9 -2.8
Lkscf;,a ksIamd†; 373.9 3.5 286.9 2.8 -87.1 -23.3 36.8
ue◊la" †huka;s yd iajr®KdNrK 331.7 3.1 273.9 2.7 -57.8 -17.4 24.4
wdydr" mdk jr®. yd ≥ïfld< 306.8 2.9 323.7 3.1 16.9 5.5 -7.1
hka;%iQ;% yd hdka;%sl WmlrK 293.8 2.8 317.6 3.1 23.8 8.1 -10.1
uqøK lr®udka;h wdY%s; ksIamd†; 45.7 0.4 42.4 0.4 -3.3 -7.2 1.4
m%jdyk WmlrK 243.7 2.3 131.5 1.3 -112.2 -46.0 47.4
iï NdKav" ixpdrl NdKav yd mdjyka 135.7 1.3 165.6 1.6 29.9 22.0 -12.6
msÛka ueá ksIamd†; 35.2 0.3 34.4 0.3 -0.8 -2.2 0.3
wfkl=;a ldr®ñl wmkhk 669.4 6.3 712.2 6.9 42.8 6.4 -18.1

Lkscuh wmkhk 28.4 0.3 29.0 0.3 0.6 2.1 -0.3

jr®. fkdl< wmkhk 19.5 0.2 14.5 0.1 -5.0 -25.5 2.1
uqΩ wmkhk ^we& 10,546.5 100.0 10,309.7 100.0 -236.8 -2.2 100.0
jdr®Isl idudkH úksuh wkqmd;h ^wE& 135.94 145.60

^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj yd fjk;a Lkscf;,a

^wd& ;djld,sl ksIamd†; wmkhklrejka
^we& m%;s wmkhk we;=<;a fkdfõ' cd;sl ue◊la yd iajr®KdNrK wêld˙h
^wE& úksuh wkqmd;h( t'c' fvd,rhg remsh,a YS% ,xld fr®.=j
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

158
 úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s

úfYaI igyk 7
wmkhk m%j¾Okh Wfoid cd;sl Wmdhud¾.h

ye¢kaùu isáfhah' fm!oa.,sl wxYh uQ,sl lr.;a ixjr®Okh"

wmkhk jr®Okh iy wdr®:ßl jr®Okh w;r iïnkaOh
wdr®:ßl úoHdj ;=< mq`M,a f,i újdohg ,la jQ lreKls'
wmkhk jr®Okh iy wdr®:ßl jr®Okh w;r wka;r®
iïnkaOhla we;s njg fmd≥ u;hla ;snqK o" Y%S ,xldj
ms<sn| ie,lSfï ° tjeks iïnkaO;djhla olakg
fkd,efí' fuu ;;a;ajh 2000 - 2016 w;r ld,fha °
meye†,sj olakg ,enqKq w;r" tu ld,h ;=<° o<
foaYSh ksIamd†;h ^o'foa'ks'& ishhg 10'4 l ixhqla;
jdr®Isl jr®Ok fõ.hlska jr®Okh jqj o" wmkhk
ishhg 4'0 lska muKla ixhqla; jYfhka jr®Okh
úh' uE;ld,Skj Y%S ,xldfõ wdr®:ßl jr®Okh m%Odk
jYfhka foaYSh b,aÆu mq`M,a ùu ;=<ska is≥j we;s
w;r" wdr®:ßl jr®Okh i|yd wmkhk fj;ska by<
∞hl;ajhla ,eî fkdue;'
m%Odk jYfhka u foaYSh b,aÆu mq`M,a ùu fya;=fjka
2005 - 2012 ld,m˙Éf√ofha ° wdr®:ßlfha by< uÜgul
jr®Okhla jdr®;d jQ w;r" th 2013 jifr® isg ishhg
4-5 l uÜgulg iSud úh' Y%S ,xldj jeks l=vd
wdr®:ßlhl ;sridr jr®Okhla i`oyd ndysr b,aÆu
w;HjYH idOlhla nj ñka fmkakqï lrhs' fj<| yd
cx.u .sKqïj, ysÛh m%idrKh ùu iy ;sridr fkdjk
uÜgul mj;sk úfoaY Kh u; rπ mej;Su by< hEu"
wmkhk uQ,sl jQ wdr®:ßl jr®Okh iy úfoaYSh iDcq
wdfhdack †˙u;a ls¯u jeks ,sys,a wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;s
l%shd;aul ls¯u ;=<ska úfoaYSh fj<πu iy wdr®:ßlh
cd;Hka;r fj<`∞ug újD;ùfï uÜgu1 iïnkaOj
m%n, †hqKqjla läkñka w;am;a lr .ekSug Y%S
,xldjg yels úh' fï wkqj" 1977 ° ishhg 36'4 la jQ
wdr®:ßlh cd;Hka;r fj<`∞ug we;s újD;Ndjh
1979 jk úg wdikak jYfhka fo.=Khlska by<
hñka ishhg 72'2 la njg m;a jQ w;r" 1977 °
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg 18'7 la jQ
wmkhk 1979 ° ishhg 29'2 la olajd ie,lsh hq;=
f,i by< .sfhah' m%;sm;a;s †Ydk;sfha we;s jQ
fuu fjkia ùu wmkhk wd∞hu ie,lsh
hq;= f,i by< kexùug fya;= úh' 1977 °
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 767 la jQ wmkhk wd∞hu"
2000 ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 5"522 olajd by< .sfhah'
flfia jqjo" 2000 jifr® isg wmkhk jr®Okh
i;=gqodhl uÜgul fkdmej;=◊' 2016 jifr® °
wmkhk wd∞hu t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 10"310 la olajd
by< .sh w;r wdkhk úhou t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
19"400 la olajd by< .sfhah' tys m%;sM,hla f,i
fj<| .sKqfï ys`.h t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 9"090 la olajd
mqΩ,a úh' ,sys,a wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul l< ú.i

fj<πï l< fkdyels NdKav yd foaYSh b,aÆu u; rπ
mej;s jr®Okfha wys;lr m%;súmdlhla úh' úfoaYSh
cx.u .sKqfï fYaIh iy wdr®:ßl jr®Okh ;sridr
uÜgulg <Ûd lr .ekSu i|yd by< w.hla iys;
wmkhk m%jr®Okh wruqKq lr.;a mqΩ,a Wmdhudr®.
w;HjYH njg l†u idlaIs fuu.ska imhhs' fï wkqj"
wmkhk wd∞hï W;amdokh by< kexùu ue†ld,Sk yd
fláld,Sk úfoaYSh j.lSïj,g wdrlaIKhla f,i
lghq;= lrkq we;s w;r" úksuh wkqmd;sl ia:djrj
mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd o fhd∞ .ekSfuka rfgys
5
wdr®:ßlhg úYd, jYfhka m%;s,dN w;ajqjo" fï jk
úg Y%S ,xldfõ cd;Hka;r fj<`∞fuys l%shdld˙;ajh
wdr®:ßlh ,sys,alrKh ls¯ug fmr mej;s uÜgu
olajd ms˙yS we;s nj fmkS hhs' 2016 jifr® ° wdr®:ßlh
fj<`∞ug we;s újD;Ndjh ishhg 36'5 la jQ w;r"
wmkhk o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg 12'7 la
rEm igyk ú'i' 7'1
YS% ,xldfõ wd¾Ólh fj<|dug we;s újD;Ndjh iy
o'foa'ks' ys m%;sY;hla f,i wmkhk
90
80

wdr®:ßlhg lïmkj,g Tfrd;a;= °fï yelshdj jr®Okh 70

60
jk f,i ixÑ; uÜgu ;sridr uÜgulg by< kxjd
ishhg

50
.ekSug ∞hl jkq we;' ;jo" wmkhk fj; h<s 40
30
wjOdkh fhduq ls¯u u.ska jvd;a ldr®hlaIu wxYj,g 20
wdfhdack fhoùug Wmld¯ jkq we;s w;r" tu.ska 10

M,∞hs;dj by< kxjd.; yelsh' wmkhk jr®Okh 0

1960

1964

1968

1972

1976

1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

2008

2012

2016

u.ska kj ;dlaIKh .,d tau" /lshd W;amdokh" uyd

o'foa'ks ys m%;sY;hla f,i fj<| újD;Ndjh
m˙udKdkql+, ms˙ueiqï iy wdr®:ßlfha M,∞hS iïm;a
wmkhk
moku mq`M,a ùu jeks wfkl=;a m%;s,dN w;am;a lr.;
1977 meje;s o'foa'ks ys 1977 meje;s fj<|
yelsh' m%;sY;hla f,i wmkhk újD;Ndjh
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
Y%S ,xldj 1977 jifr® ° ksoyia wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;s y`≥kajd
1 wdr®:ßlh fj<πug we;s újD;Ndjh" NdKav wmkhkh iy NdKav
°fï ° ish l,dmfha wfkl=;a rgj,g jvd b†˙fhka wdkhkj, tl;=j o'foa'ks' fhys m%;sY;hla f,i .Kkh lrkq ,nhs'

159
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

olajd my< f.dia we;' 2015 jifr®° uef,aishdfõ ^rEm igyk ú'i' 7'2& u.ska 2000 isg 2015
wmkhk o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg 67'5 la jQ ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< l,dmfha wfkl=;a idud‚l
w;r" th ;dhs,ka;fha ishhg 54'2 lao" úhÜkdufha rgj,a yd iei£fï ° Y%S ,xldfõ wmkhk wxYh
ishhg 83'7 lao úh' my< uÜgul mj;sk nj ms<sìUq flfrhs' 2000
jirg idfmalaIj 2015 jifr® wmkhk ie,lSfï ° Y%S
wdr®:ßlh ,sys,a ls¯fuka miq ld,fha ° Y%S ,xldfõ
,xldfõ wmkhk jr®Okh 1'9 .=Khlska muKla is≥ ù
wmkhk ixhq;sh fmr mej;s m%d:ñl lDIsldr®ñl
we;s w;r" 1990 isg wmkhk ;=<ska wdr®:ßl jr®Okh
ksIamd†; jHqyhl isg tl;= l< w.h iys;" Y%u iQlaIau
,nd.;a úhÜkduh yd nx.,dfoaYh ms<sfj<ska 11'2
ldr®ñl ksIamd†; jHqyhla olajd fjkia úh' wmkhk .=Khlska yd 5'1 .=Khlska o" ol=Kq fld˙hdj yd
ixhq;sfhys fjkila is≥ jqj o" wmkhk NdKav ;dhs,ka;h 3'1 .=Khlska o jr®Okh ù we;'
mei bka wvlg jvd ∞hl;ajh ,ndfok we`.Æï
f;dard.;a wdishd;sl rgj,a lsysmhl miq.sh oYl ;=k
iy f;a hk idïm%∞hsl ksIamd†; folla u;
;=< úfoaYSh fj<πfï iy o'foa'ks'fha l%shdld˙;ajh
wLKavj flakaø.; ù we;s w;r tu`.ska wmkhk
úYaf,aIKh lrk úg° iudk m%jK;djla ±lsh yelsh'
wxYfha úúOdx.SlrKfha mj;sk iSud fmkakqï lrhs' ishÆu rgj, l%shdld˙;ajh tlsfklg iudk njla
hqfrdamh iy wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh wdikak fmfkk w;r" Y%S ,xldfõ o'foa'ks' iïnkaOfhka
jYfhka uq`M wmkhkj,ska ;=fkka follg muK
wLKavj ∞hl;ajh ,nd fohs' tu`.ska fj<|fmd< ixLHd igyk ú'i' 7'1
úúOdx.SlrKfha iSudlï o fmkakqï flfrhs' ;j o" f;dard.;a rgj, o'foa'ks" NdKav wmkhk iy wdkhk
uq`M f;a wmkhkj,ska ishhg 70 la muK ueo fmr†. yd
iajdëk fmd≥ rdcH uKav,Sh rgj,a fj; is≥ flfrk
ixhqla;
w;r fuu rgj,ska f;a i|yd mj;sk b,aÆu Lksc w.hka t'c' fvd,r® jdr®Isl
f;,a wmkhkfhka tu rgj,a Wmhk wd∞hï yd ì,shk jr®Ok
rg or®Ylh
wkqmd;h ]
ne`° mj;S' wmkhk ksIamd†;j, iy fj<|fmd<j,
1985 1995 2005 2015 1985 - 2015
úúOdx.SlrKh wvq ùu u.ska wmkhk wxYh uqyqK md
we;s wj∞kï iy.; nj fmkakqï flfrhs' nx.,dfoaYh o'foa'ks 22.3 37.9 69.4 195.1 7.5

5
Y%S ,xldfõ l,dmSh ;r.lrejka ish úfoaY fj<πu wmkhk 1.0 3.5 9.3 32.4 12.3
fõ.fhka m%idrKh lrf.k we;s w;r" wmkhk
wdkhk 2.5 6.7 13.9 39.5 9.6
;=<ska wdr®:ßl jr®Okhla w;am;a lr.;a rgj,a f,i
wdor®Yu;a wdlD;s njg m;aj we;' f,dal nexl=j úisska ol=Kq o'foa'ks 103.7 559.3 898.1 1,377.9 9.0
fld˙hdj
b†˙m;a lrkq ,en we;s wmkhk jákdlï or®Ylh2 wmkhk 30.3 125.1 284.4 526.8 10.0
rEm igyk ú'i' 7'2
wdkhk 31.1 135.1 261.2 436.5 9.2
wmkhk jákdlï o¾Ylh ^2000}100&
ikaikaokd;aulj ;dhs,ka;h o'foa'ks 38.9 169.3 189.3 395.2 8.0

1,200 wmkhk 7.1 56.4 110.9 214.4 12.0

1,000
wdkhk 9.2 70.8 118.2 202.7 10.8
or®Yl w.hhka

800
úhÜkduh o'foa'ks 14.1 20.7 57.6 193.6 9.1
600

400
wmkhk 0.7 5.4 32.4 162.1 19.9

200 wdkhk 1.9 8.2 36.8 166.1 16.2

0
Y%S ,xldj o'foa'ks 6.0 13.0 24.4 80.6 9.1
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

nx.,dfoaYh o'fldrshdj YS% ,xldj wmkhk 1.3 3.8 6.3 10.5 7.2
;dhs,ka;h úhÜkduh
uQ,h( f,dal nexl=j wdkhk 2.0 5.3 8.9 18.9 7.7
2 f,dal nexl=j úiska b†˙m;a lr we;s wmkhk jákdlï or®Ylh fj<πu
iy ixjr®Okh i|yd jQ tlai;a cd;Skaf.a iuqΩfõ o;a; wkqj mj;akd
ñ, u; mokïj t'c' fvd,r®j,ska w.h lrk ,o wmkhk jákdlu
^ke'ú'i'&" mokï ld,m˙Éf√ofha ^2000& idudkHfhys m%;sY;hla f,i
igyk( YS% ,xldj i`oyd o;a; cd;sl o;a; u; mokï fõ' wfkl=;a
olajd we;' rgj,a i`oyd o;a; f,dal nexl=j fj;ska ,ndf.k we;'

160

i;=gq∞hl l%shdld˙;ajhla fmkakqï l<o" wmkhkj,3
iy wdkhkj, ixhqla; jdr®Isl jr®Ok wkqmd;h
wvq ùu iuÛ Y%S ,xldfõ l%shdld˙;ajh miqnEulg
,la ù we;'
id¾:l;ajh ms<sn`o wka;¾cd;sl w;a±lSï
ol=Kq fld˙hdj" ;dhs,ka;h" úhÜkduh iy
nx.,dfoaYh jeks rgj, wmkhk jr®Okh ms<sn`o
úYaf,aIKh ls¯fï ° fmkS hkafka fuu ishÆ rgj,a
wkq.ukh l< wmkhk ixjr®Ok m%;sm;a;s fndfyda
fihska iudk njhs' fuu rgj, wmkhk m%jr®Okh
i`oyd wmkhk iykdOdr" iyk∞hS fmd,S wkqmd;sl
hgf;a wmkhk Kh fhdackd l%u iy n≥ iykdOdr
jeks mqΩ,a wmkhk m%jr®Ok jevigyka y`≥kajd °
we;' wvq yd ia:djr WoaOukh" wvq fmd,S wkqmd;sl
iy ;r.ld¯ úksuh wkqmd;slhla mj;ajdf.k hEu
iu`. ys;lr idr®j wdr®:ßl m˙irhla ksr®udKh ls¯u
u.ska fuu Wmdhudr®. i`oyd iydh ,nd ° we;'
wmkhk m%jr®Okh ms<sn`o iuia; Wmdhudr®.h ;=<
lafIa;%hg iïnkaO mdr®Yajlrejkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh o
flakaø.; wx.hls' ta wkqj rch" lr®udka; fCIa;%hg
w∞< jD;a;Shfõ°ka" fj<`∞u i`oyd myiqlï
i,ikakka iy jHdmd˙lhska we;=`Mj úúO
mdr®Yajlrejkaf.a talu;sl ;SrK ld,Skj l%shd;aul
ls¯u i`oyd wmkhk m%jr®Ok /iaùï wLKavj
mj;ajk ,†' fm!oa.,sl wxYh wdr®:ßl jr®Okfha
m%Odk hdka;%Kh njg m;a ls¯ug wkqn, °u i`oyd
fm!oa.,sl whs;sh ms<s.ekSu i`oyd kS;s y`≥kajd foñka
fhda.H kshduk m˙irhla o ksr®udKh fl˙◊'
m%d.aOk .sKqu ,sys,a ls¯u iy úfoaYSh wdfhdack
†˙u;a ls¯ug yels jk f,i kj kS;s y`≥kajd ≥ka
w;r tys m%;sM,hla f,i úYd, jYfhka úfoaYSh
Rcq wdfhdack .,d tAu is≥úh' wdr®:ßl ,sys,alrKfha
m%;sM,hla f,i y`≥kajd ≥ka ieug wdr®:ßlh újD; jQ
m%;sm;a;shla u.ska fuu rgj,g †hqKq wdr®:ßlhka
iu. ino;d jr®Okh lr .ekSug u. mE≥Kq w;r"
f,dal fj<`o ixúOdkh iy f,dal nexl=j jeks
cd;Hka; ixúOdk fj;ska wdr®:ßlfha úúO wxY i`oyd
iyfhda.h ,nd .ekSfuka m%;s,dN w;am;a lr .ekSug
yelsù we;'
foaYSh ksIamdokh ie,lSfï ° foaYSh m˙fNdack b,aÆu
imqrd .; yels wdldrfhka wdkhk wdfoaYk i|yd
3 flfia jqj o" uE; ld,Skj Y%S ,xldfõ fiajd wmkhk wd∞hfuys ie,lsh
hq;= jr®Okhla jdr®;d ù we;s nj o fmkS hhs' 2009 jifr® isg ixpdrl
fiajd" m%jdykh iy f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh$jHdmdr l%shdj,sh
ndysr uQ,H fj; mej¯u wd° wmkhk ie,lsh hq;= f,i jr®Okh ùu;a
iuÛ fiajd wmkhk YS>%fhka jr®Okh úh' fiajd wdkhk o tu m%jK;dj
fmkakqï lr we;' fiajd wmkhkj, Y=oaO jákdlu jir .Kkdjla mqrd
by< .sh o" tu by< hEu" NdKav wmkhk my< hEu mshjd .ekSug ;rï
iu;a ù fkdue;'
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s
myiqlï i,ik l%shdudr®.j,g m%uqL;ajh ,ndfok
wdldrhg m%;sm;a;s ilia fl˙◊' kj ;dlaI◊l
fidhd.ekSïj,g yev.eiSu iy ksIamdok Od˙;dj
by< kexùu fuu m%;sm;a;sj,g we;=<;a úh' foaYSh
lr®udka; cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd< yd ;r. ls¯ug yels
uÜgug jr®Okh ùfuka miq fr†ms<s yd weÛÆï jeks
Y%u iQlaIu ldr®ñl ksIamd†; †˙u;a lrk wmkhk
mqΩ,a ls¯fï m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul ls¯u fj; wjOdkh
fhduq úh' wmkhk jr®Okh ;sridr uÜgula fj;
<Ûd jQ ú.i by< hk fõ;k uÜgïj,g iy iuia;
jr®Ok l%shdj,shg bv ie,iSug wmkhk lr®udka;
Y%u iQlaIau lr®udka;j, isg by< tl;= l< w.hla
iys; lr®udka; fj; fhduq ls¯ug fuu rgj,
lr®udka; m%;sm;a;s uQ,sl úh' fuys m%;sM,hla f,i
ksIamdok úúOdx.SlrKh iuÛ tl;= l< w.h iys;
lr®udka;j, ∞hl;ajh by< .sh w;r" Y%u iQlaIu
ldr®ñl yd lDIsldr®ñl wmkhkj, ∞hl;ajh
my< .sfhah' wmkhk Wmdhudr®." ta ta rgj,g
iqúfYaIS jQ wx.j,ska o iukaú; úh' W∞yrKhla
f,i" uOH.;j ie,iqï l< lDIslr®udka;h mokï
lr.;a wdr®:ßl rgdjla iys; rgla jQ úhÜkduh" 1986
jifr® ° wdr®:ßl m%;sixialrK m%;sm;a;s lsysmhla
wdrïN l< w;r" tu.ska wmkhk wxYfha yd iuia;
wdr®:ßlfha m˙jr®;khla is≥ úh' úhÜkduh tys úYd,
lDIsldr®ñl wxYhg fldams iy rnr® jeks by< w.hla
5
iys; lDIsldr®ñl ksIamdok ixjr®Okh iy rchg
wh;a bvï fm!oa.,SlrKh ls¯u jeks lafIa;%j,g
w∞< m%;sm;a;s iys; m%;sixialrK lsysmhla y∫kajd
≥ka kuq;a" m%;sixialrK jevigyk u.ska m%uqL;dj
ysñ jQfha ldr®ñl wxYh fj;h' fuh lDIsldr®ñl
wmkhkj, m%;sY;h iy o'foa'ks'hg tu wxYfha jQ
∞hl;ajh wvq ùug fya;= jqj o" tu.ska lDIsldr®ñl
wxYfha ldr®hlaIu;dj jr®Okh jQ w;r" tys m%;sM,hla
f,i úhÜkduh Y=oaO w.h u; lDIsldr®ñl ksIamd†;
wdkhkh lrkafkl=f.a ;;a;ajfha isg Y=oaO w.h u;
lDIs ksIamdok wmkhkh lrkafkl= njg m;aúh'
úhÜkduh fukau ol=Kq fld˙hdj iy ;dhs,ka;h
jeks wfkl=;a rgj,a .;a úg ie,lsh hq;= uÜgul
wmkhk jr®Okhla <Ûd lr .ekSfuka miqj rcfha
m%;sm;a;s m%uqL;d.; ls¯fï ° wdxYsl m%;sm;a;s
b,lal ls¯fï ^sector-oriented& isg ldr®hhka yd
iïnkaO m%;sm;a;s b,lal ls¯u (function-oriented)
fj; ú;eka úh' fuu.ska mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Okh
i|yd mqΩ,a iydhla ,enqKq w;r" th wjidkfha °
;dlaIKh mokï lr .;a ksIamd†; wmkhk
jr®Okh lr .ksñka ;dlaI◊l kj ksmehqïj, lemS
fmfkk †hqKqjlA we;s ls¯ug fya;= úh' flfia jqjo"
fj<|fmd< hdka;%Kh Yla;su;a ls¯ug iy tu.ska
161
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
foaYSh ;r.lrejka yg ;shqKq f,i ;r. ls¯ug
bv ie,iSu i|yd ol=Kq fld˙hdkq rch úiska °r®>
ld,hla mqrdjgu wmkhk wxYhg ,nd ≥ka b,lal.;
wdOdr fndfyduhlska miq ld,fha° bj;a úh' wfkla
w;g" hqfrdamd ix.uh hqo WmlrK yer wfkl=;a
ishÆ wmkhk i|yd fokq ,enQ myiqlïj,4 m%;s,dN
,nd .ksñka nx.,dfoaYh ish wmkhk 2000 jifr®
isg mia .=Khlska jr®Okh lr .;a w;r" tu.ska
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i wmkhk iy wdr®:ßlh
fj<πug we;s újD;Ndjh wLKavj jr®Okh jqjo"
uqΩ wmkhkj,ska ishhg 90 lg weÛÆï wmkhk
∞hl;ajh ±¯u fya;=fjka ksIamdok úúOdx.SlrKh
wLKavj fkdi,ld yer we;s nj fmkS hhs'
Y%S ,xldfõ m˙†u" wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh yd
hqfrdamd ix.uh nx.,dfoaYfha m%Odk wmkhk
mdr®Yajlrejka ùu ksid tu l,dmj, is≥ jk
wys;lr jr®Okhka flfrys jvd;a wj∞kï iy.;
;;a;ajhlg uqyqK md we;' wmkhk wxYhg w∞<
ishÆu fldgialrejka °r®>ld,Skj ;sridr ;SrK
.ekSug yels jk wdldrhg m%;sm;a;sj, ia:djrNdjfha
jeo.;alu o fuu rgj, w;a±lSï u.ska úoyd olajhs'
flfia jqjo" fujeks m%;sm;a;s foaYSh yd f.da,Sh
m˙irh ;=< jr®;udk yd wkd.; yev.eiau i|yd
kuHYS,S ùu wjYH fõ'
wmkhk m%j¾Okh Wfoid cd;sl Wmhdud¾.
5
2016 jifr® ° Hausmann, Rodrik iy Velasco f.a
jr®Ok ksYaph ls¯ï wdlD;s (growth diagnostics model)
iy Bussolo iy Lopez - Calva (2014) f.a j;alï mdol
jevms<sfj< (asset - based framework) iïnkaO lrñka
f,dal nexl=j úiska Y%S ,xldfõ wdr®:ßl jr®Okh ksYaph
ls¯u iïnkaOj is≥ l< l%udkql+, l%shdj,sfha ° §≥.Snj
ksud ls¯u¶ (Ending Poverty) iy §ishÆ fokd w;r
fn° .sh wdr®:ßl fi!Nd.Hh¶ (Shared Economic
Prosperity) hk tlsfkl yd ne∫Kq b,lal imqrd .ekSfï
m%.;sh i|yd mj;sk ndOd iy wdr®:ßl fufyhqï idOl
iuQyhla y∫kd f.k we;' Y%S ,xldfõ wmkhk jr®Ok
úNj;djka ie,lsh hq;= uÜgulska m%fhdackhg .ekSu
i|yd Y%S ,xldfõ fj<πu wdY%s; m%;sm;a;s ixfYdaOkh
ls¯u" mqyqKq Y%ñlhska .Kk jeä ls¯u i|yd wOHdmk
lafIa;%hg jeä iïm;a m%udKhla iy .=Kd;aulNdjh
jeä†hqKq l< yels l<ukdld˙;ajhla iemhSu iy
mr®fhaIK iy ixjr®Ok wdh;k yd jHjidhl
cd, w;r in|;d we;s ls¯u yryd kfjda;amdok
m%jr®Okh ls¯u jeks lafIa;% fj; läkï wjOdkh
4 ishÆ W!k ixjr®ê; rgj,g hqo WmlrK yer wfkl=;a ishÆ wmkhk
i|yd iïmQr®K ;Sren≥ ksoyia ls¯fï myiqlï ,nd°u hqfrdamd ix.uh
úiska 2001 jifr®° l%shd;aul lrk ,°'
162
fhduq ls¯fï wjYH;djh fuu.ska fmkajd fohs'
wmkhk m%jr®Okh i|yd Wmdhudr®.hla ilia
ls¯fï ° my; lreKq flfrys wjOdkh fhduq ls¯u
wjYH fõ'
id¾j wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s u`.ska fj<|du i|yd myiqlï
ie,iSu
fmd,S iy úksuh wkqmd;sl cd;Hka;r yd foaYSh
jYfhka wdr®:ßl lghq;=j, fh°u i|yd ksIamdolhskag
iy md˙fNda.slhskag †˙.ekaùï ,nd fok m%Odk
wdr®:ßl ñ,lrK fõ' uQ,H ms˙jeh" ksIamdok yd
wmkhk lghq;= i|yd n,mdk m%Odk idOlhla
jk neúka wdr®:ßlhl wvq fmd,S wkqmd;sl mj;ajd
.ekSu" wmkhk fj<|fmd<j, ° rfÜ ;r.ld˙;ajh
ia:djrj mj;ajd .ekSug Wmld¯ jkq we;' wvq yd
ia:dhS WoaOuk jd;djrKhla u.ska wvq fmd,S
wkqmd;sl mj;ajd .ekSu ;yjqre lrkq we;' ;jo"
wvq yd ia:dhS WoaOuk jd;djrKh" wdfhdaclhskag
±kqj;aj †.=ld,Sk ;SrK .ekSu i|yd o w;HjYH fõ'
úfoaY úksuh m%;sm;a;sh" fj<πfï m%;sM, yd
ióm iïnkaO;djhla mj;sk neúka idr®j wdr®:ßl
m%jK;d fmkakqï fkdlrk úksuh wkqmd;slhla
;=<ska wmkhk fj<πfï hym;a ldr®hidOkhla
wfmalaId l< fkdyel' †.= ld,hl isg Y%S ,xldfõ
úksuh wkqmd;sl w;sm%udKh jQ ;;a;ajhl mej;Su
u.ska wmkhk flfrys wys;lr n,mEula we;s lr
we;' kdñl úksuh wkqmd;slh w;sm%udKh ls¯u
u.ska úYd, f.jqï fYaI ysÛhla ksr®udKh ùu iy
úfoaY ixÑ; my< hEu is≥ jQ w;r" tu.ska rchg
jd◊c fmd,S wkqmd;sl hgf;a Kh ,nd .ekSug
is≥ ùfuka úfoaYSh Kh m%udKh by< .sfhah'
uQr®; iM, úksuh wkqmd;sl or®Yl ishhg wdikak
;r.ld¯ w.hl mj;ajd .ekSu i`oyd kdñl úksuh
wkqmd;slh kuHYS,Sj mj;ajd f.k hEu ish wruqK
nj Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j ±kgu;a ksfõokh lr we;'
tjeks m%;sm;a;shla ;=< úksuh wkqmd;slh fndfyda
≥rg fj<|fmd< n,fõ. u; idOdrK f,i ;SrKh
jk w;r" rfÜ uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul ls¯u i|ydo
Wmld¯ fõ' wvq kdñl fmd,S wkqmd;sl iy ;r.ld¯
úksuh wkqmd;slhla mj;ajd .ekSu i`oyd rdcH uQ,H
;sridrNdjh w;alr .ekSu w;sYh ;SrKd;aul nj o
fuys ,d i`oyka ls¯u jeo.;a h'
,sys,a lrk ,o úfoaY m%;sm;a;shla mj;ajd f.k hEu
;=<ska úfoaY fj<|dug myiqlï ie,iSu
cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd< ;=< mj;sk ;shqKq ;r.ld˙;ajh
i,ld ne,Sfï ° Y%S ,xldj ±kg mj;sk oaúmdr®Yaúl yd
nyqmdr®Yaúl fj<| .súiqïj,ska Wm˙u M, fk,d .;
hq;= w;r" wdr®:ßl iyfhda.s;d .súiqï u.ska kj fj<|

wjia:djka i|yd we;s bvm%ia:djka y∫kd .ekSu i|yd o
wLKavj lghq;= l< hq;=h' oaúmdr®Yaúl in|;d
Yla;su;a ls¯ug yd rdcH ;dka;%sl ;=,khla mj;ajd
.ekSu i|yd rch úiska .kq ,enQ mshjr m%YxikSh fõ'
úfYaIfhkau YS>%fhka jr®Okh jk wdishd;sl
rgj,a we;=Ω kjH fj<|fmd< fj; fj<| .súiqï
yryd m%úYaG ùfï yelshdj jeä †hqKq lr .ekSu
i`oyd fj<| idlÉPd wLKavj is≥ ls¯u jeo.;a fõ'
ta iuÛu" wjYH ksIamd†;h wjYH ia:dkhg iemhSu
i|yd iólaIK mokï lr.;a fj<|fmd< f;dr;=re
wmkhklrejka fj; ,nd foñka Y%S ,xldj
ksfhdackh lrñka úfoaYj, isák rdcH ;dka;%sl ¥;
lKavdhï ;u lghq;= jvd;a mqΩ,aj yd Yla;su;aj
lrf.k hd hq;=j we;'
úfoaYSh fj<|dug wod< m%;sm;a;s ixfYdaOkh
cd;Hka;r fj<|du i|yd by< újD;Ndjh
mej;Su ;=<ska wdr®:ßlfha wmkhk jr®Okhg yd
úúOdx.SlrKhg u.mEfokq we;' ndysrdNsuqL fj<|
m%;sm;a;shla u.ska fm!oa.,sl wxYhg wdr®:ßlh
;=< jvd;a Yla;su;a N+ñldjla bgq ls¯u i`oyd bv
m%ia:d i<id °u ;=<ska jvd;a by< m%;s,dN w;alr
.; yels w;r" th iuia; wdr®:ßl jr®Okh by<
kexùug o fya;= fõ' foaYSh ñ, ia:dhS;dj we;s ls¯u
i`oyd fj<| l%shdudr®. ^;Sre n≥ yd ;Sre n≥ fkdjk&
Ndú;d ls¯u ;=<ska ksIamdok ie,iqï wvmK ùu;a
wdkhk wdfoaYk l%shdj,shg ∞hl ùu;a Tiafia úYd,
wúksYaÑ;;djhla we;s flfrhss' rgla jr®Okh" fiajd
kshqla;sh iy wd∞hï hkd†fhys wvqùula ms<s.ekSug
iQ∞kï fkdue;s kï ^1977 wdr®:ßl ,sys,alrK
fhdackdj,shg fmr olakg ,enqKq wvq jr®Okh"
by< fiajd úhqla;sh iy uQr®; wd∞hï by< fkdhEu&
wdkhk iSud ls¯u u.ska †.=ld,Skj f.jqï fYaIfha
cx.u .sKqfï ys`.fha wiu;=,s;;djh ksjer† l<
fkdyel' óg wu;rj" wdkhk iSudls¯ï" wmkhk
u; noaola jk neúka wdkhk iSudls¯ï wmkhk
wffOr®hu;a lrñka fj<| ys`.h mq`M,a ùug fya;= úh
yelsh' iSud lrk ,o fj<| ;ka;%h u.ska wdr®:ßlfha
ishÆu wxYj, ksIamdok Od˙;dj yd ;r.ld˙;ajh
my< hEug fya;= ù we;s w;r" tu.ska Y%S ,xldfõ
ksIamd†; i|yd idfmalaI jdish wvq ùfuka Y%S ,xldj
cd;Hka;r ;,h ;=< my< uÜgul mj;S'
iemhqï myiqlï jeäÈhqKq lsÍu
úfYaIfhkau jrdh yd .=jka f;dgqm< jeks iemhqï
fiajd ixjr®Okh i|yd wLKavj wdfhdackh ls¯u"
;r.ld˙;ajh iy;sl ls¯u i|yd jeo.;a ldr®hNdrhla
bgq lrkq we;' .kqfokq ms˙jeh wvqls¯u i|yd b†˙fha °
we;s ls¯ug ie,iqï flfrk iemhqï myiqlï
flakaøia:dk iuÛ ksoyia fj<| l,dm" wdr®:ßl
fld˙fvda" wdr®:ßl l,dm fukau wmkhk .ïudk we;s
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s
ls¯fï jr®;udk m%;sm;a;s w;r ukd iïnkaëlrKhla
mj;ajd .; hq;=h' wmkhk ;r.ld˙;ajh by<
kexùug ∞hl jk há;, myiqlï" ksIamdok
l%shdj,sfha fhojqula jk neúka rcfha cd;sl ixjr®Ok
ie,iqu hgf;a há;, myiqlïj, .=Kd;aulNdjh yd
m%fõYh by< kexùu fj; b†˙fha° ie,iqï lrk
m%;sm;a;s u.ska wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=j we;'
wmkhk m%j¾Okh i|yd iq¿ yd uOH mßudK
jHjidhhkaf.a ld¾hNdrh
ir®j iyNd.s;ajhla iys; wdr®:ßl jr®Okhla w;am;a
lr .ekSu i|yd fuf;la m;a jQ rchka iqΩ yd uOH
m˙udK lr®udka; fj; ±ä wjOdkhla fhduq lr
we;' tu.ska kj wmkhk m%jr®Ok Wmdhudr®.fha
jdis Wlyd .ekSug yels jk fia iqΩ yd uOH
m˙udK lr®udka;j, ms˙jeh M,∞hs;djfhka hq;=
ksuejqï ksYaÑ;j y∫kd .;a wmkhk f,i fyda
úYd, f.da,Sh jHdmdr wdh;k i|yd fhojqï f,i
wf,ú ls¯ug yd tu.ska f.da,Sh fj<|fmd< iu`.
iïnkaO;d f.dvk.d .ekSug iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK
jHdmdrj,g yelsjkq we;' jr®;udk ksIamdok m%jdy
l%shdj,shg úYd, jYfhka fiajd wxYh ∞hl jk
fyhska fiajd wxYh kùlrKh ls¯u o b;d jeo.;ah'
úfYaIfhkau" fiajd lr®udka; i|yd úYd, jYfhka
m%d.aOkh fyda wuqøjH wjYH fkdjk neúka ta wdY%s;
lghq;=j, ksr;ùu i|yd iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK
jHjidhlhska †˙u;a l< yel'
5
wmkhk m%j¾Okh i|yd úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack
wvq ;dlaIKhla iys; ksIamd†; lsysmhla u;
flakaø.;j we;s Y%S ,xldfõ jr®;udk wmkhk
moku Wiia ;dlaIKhla iys; ksIamd†; olajd jeä
†hqKq ls¯ug fukau wmkhk mei úúOdx.SlrKh
ls¯ug o úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack fya;= jkq we;' úfoaYSh
iDcq wdfhdack hkq úfoaYSh wruqo,a m%Njhla muKla
fkdj" úfoaYSh ;dlaI◊l yd ±kqï m%Njhlao fõ'
by< ksmqK;djhlska hq;= iy ±kqï iïNdrhlska hq;=
Y%u n,ldhlska iukaú; ùu Y%S ,xldjg jdis iy.;
jk w;r" tu.ska jHdmdr l%shdj,s ndysr uQ,dY% fj;
mej¯u (BPO) iy ±kqu mokï lr.;a jHdmdr l%shdj,s
ndysr uQ,dY% fj; mej¯u (KPO) jeks jHdmdr lghq;=
i|yd Y%S ,xldj fj; we;s wdlr®IKh ;j≥rg;a by<
kexùug yels fõ' tfiau" Y%S ,xldjg f.da,Sh w.h
∞uhkag we;=`M ùfï wjia:d i`oyd o fuu l%shdudr®.
Wmld¯ jkq we;' úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack wdlr®IKh
lr .ekSfï ° Y%S ,xldj ish ndysr ;r.ld˙;ajh by<
kxjd .ekSu flfrys wjOdkh fhduq ls¯u wjYH fõ'
tfia ;r.ld˙;ajh by< kxjd .ekSug kï" Y%S ,xldj
úiska úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack wdlr®IKh lr .ekSug
we;s ndOd bj;a lr .ekSu i|yd ±ä m%;sixialrK
jevigykla †h;a l< hq;=j we;'
163
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
m¾fhaIK yd ixj¾Okh iy kfjda;amdok Èßu;a lsÍu
f.da,Sh fj<|fmd< ;=< wmkhk i|yd ∞hl;ajh
by< kexùug rgj,g Woõ fjñka ksIamdok moku
úúOdx.SlrKh ls¯ug fukau wjidk ksIamd†;h
i|yd jvd jeä w.hla tl;= ls¯ug iy ms˙jeh
;r.ld˙;ajh jeä†hqKq ls¯ugo kfjda;amdok fya;= fõ'
mr®fhaIK iy ixjr®Ok úhoïj, iy kfjda;amdok
m%jr®Okfha ;sridr jr®Okhka u.ska ;r.ld˙;ajh
flfrys †.=ld,Sk n,mEula we;s l< yelsh'
mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok iy kfjda;amdokhkag
fm!oa.,sl wxYh iïnkaO ùu ;=<ska tu mr®fhaIKj,
m%;sM, jd◊clrKh ùu flfrys ;SrKd;aul jk
neúka jHjidhl cd, yd ±kg mj;sk mr®fhaIK yd
ixjr®Ok myiqlï w;r iïnkaOh f.dvke.Sug rch
úiska wjYH mshjr .; hq;=h'
bÈß ±lau
wdr®:ßl jr®Okh fufyhjk m%Odk idOlhla f,i
wmkhk wxYfha ∞hl;ajh by< kexùu i|yd
rcfha iuia; ixjr®Ok Wmdhudr®.h ;=< wmkhk
wxYh ixjr®Okh ls¯u i|yd Wmdhudr®.sl ie,eiaula
ilia ls¯u jeo.;a nj fmkS hhs' fï i|yd ixjr®Ok
Wmdhudr®. yd cd;Hka;r fj<| wud;HdxYh iy
wmkhk ixjr®Ok uKav,h uQ,sl ù l%shdudr®.
/ila fï jk úg †h;a lr we;' wmkhk ixjr®Ok
uKav,h uq, mqrd we;s cd;sl wmkhk Wmdhudr®.h"
5
rcfha yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha taldnoaO m%h;akhla jk
w;r" tu`.ska fj<πu iy ;r.ld˙;ajh jr®Okh
Wfoid mia wjqre≥ ie,eiaula b†˙m;a lrhs'
óg iu.dój" wmkhk fj; fhduq jQ úfoaYSh
iDcq wdfhdack jeä jYfhka wdlr®IKh lr
.ekSu" fj<| iemhqï fiajd myiqlï jeä†hqKq
ls¯u" fr®.= lghq;= jvd;a úksúoNdjhlska yd
ldr®hlaIuj is≥ ls¯u iy fjk;a úúO l%shdudr®.
;=<ska jHdmdr wdh;khlg f,dal fj<|fmd< ;=<
;r. ls¯fï yelshdj YS>% f,i by< kexùu b,lal
lrñka cd;sl fj<| m%;sm;a;sh flgqïm;a lr we;'
mqΩ,a mokula iys; wdh;ksl iydhla ,nd°fï
wjYH;djh y∫kd .ksñka rch úiska ±kgu;a
cd;Hka;r fj<πu i|yd jk ksfhda‚;dh;kh
iy ixjr®Okh i|yd jk ksfhda‚;dh;kh f,i
ksfhda‚;dh;k folla ia:dms; lr we;' cd;Hka;r
fj<|du i|yd jk ksfhda‚;dh;kh bka†hdkq Wm
uyoaùmfha rgj,a iuÛ mj;sk fj<| .súiqïj,
we;s .egÆ ksrdlrKh lrk w;r;=r" Y%S ,xldfõ
jeä†hqKq ù we;s wdfhdack m˙irh m%fhdackhg
f.k Wm uydoaùmfha ishÆu fj<|fmd< wdjrKh
jk m˙† wdfhdack wdlr®IKh lr .ekSfï wruq◊ka
bka†hdj iuÛ wdr®:ßl iyfhda.s;d .súiqula we;s lr
164
.ekSu ms<sn| úur®Ykh lrñka isà' tfiau cd;Hka;r
fj<πu i|yd jk ksfhda‚;dh;kh rcfha fkdne¢
úfoaY m%;sm;a;shg wkql+, jk m˙† Wm uyoaùmfhka
Tíng f.dia úfYaIfhkau ì,shk 3 lg wdikak
m%udKhl fj<|fmd<lg iemhqï l< yels Ökh"
isx.mamQrej" hqfrdamd ix.uh iy wefu˙ld tlai;a
ckmoh iuÛ kj oaúmdr®Yaúl yd nyqmdr®Yaúl fj<|
wjia:d ms<sn|j fidhd n,hs' wfkla w;g" ixjr®Okh
i|yd jk ksfhda‚;hd;kh fm!oa.,sl wxYh iuÛ
tlaj ixjr®Ok l%shdj,sh ;=< mj;sk ndOd y∫kd
.ekSug iy Bg ms<s;=re iemhSu i|yd úúO wxY w;r
l%shd l< yels nyql%shdldr®h lKavdhï f.dvke.Su"
tu.ska fm!oa.,sl wxYfha yelshdjka jr®Okh ls¯u"
ksIamdok ixjr®Okh ls¯u iy wmkhk jr®Okh
ls¯u hk ixjr®Ok m%h;akhkag ∞hl;ajh ±laùug
wfmalaId lrhs' wmkhk wxYh h<s k.disgqùu i|yd
wdr®:ßl m˙jr®;khla we;s ls¯fï ° rch úplaIKYS,S yd
†.=ld,Sk N+ñldjla is≥ ls¯u wjYH jkq we;s w;r"
fm!oa.,sl wxYh wdr®:ßl jr®Okfha m%jdy n,fõ.h
njg m;aùug bv ie,ish hq;=h' wmkhk by< kexùu"
fj<| ys`.h wvq ls¯ug yd f.jqï ;=,kfha cx.u
.sKqfï ys`.h wvq ls¯ug Wmld¯ jkq we;' kef.kysr
yd w.aks†. wdishdfõ idr®:l;ajhg m;ajQ rgj,
jr®Ok l%shdj,sh cx.u .sKqfï w;s˙la;hka ;=<ska
w;am;a lrf.k we;' oYl .Kkdjla mqrd Y%S ,xldj
úiska w;aolskq ,nk úfoaYSh wxYfha wiu;=,s;;djhka
;=rka ls¯ug m%uqL;djh ,nd †h hq;=h'
¥ror®YS iy m%dfhda.sl Wmdhudr®.hka wkq.ukh ls¯u"
wmkhk wxYh h<s k`.d isgqùu i`oyd ;SrKd;aul
jkq we;' ukdj iïnkaëlrKh lrk ,o ldr®ñl yd
fj<| m%;sm;a;shla ksr®udKh ls¯fï ° w∞< ishÆu
mdr®Yajlrejka w;r fmd≥ tlÛ;djhla mej;sh hq;=
w;r" th idr®j wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;s iy rcfha iuia;
Wmdhudr®.sl †Ydk;sh yd wkq.; úh hq;=h' fuh
ia:djr" m%fhda.sl yd w∞< ishÆ mdr®Yajlrejka úiska
ms<s.kakd wmkhk m%jr®Ok m%;sm;a;shl moku
jYfhka ie,lsh yelsh' rch u.ska f.k we;s fuu
uq,ms¯ï u.ska wjYH m%;sm;a;s †Ydk;sh ,nd°ug;a
rfÜ wmkhk wxYh kej; k`.d isgqùug iydh
,nd°ug;a wfmalaIs;h'
uQ,dY%(
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ jdr®Isl jdr®;dfõ úúO m%ldYk
cd;sl fj<| m%;sm;a;s flgqïm; ^2016&" ixjr®Ok Wmdhudr®. yd
cd;Hka;r fj<| wud;HdxYh
Huyen, N.T.N. and Tuan B.A. (2004), "Vietnams' Economic
Development, Opportunities and Challenges towards the Integration
Tendency", National Economics University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Mah, J.S. (2010), "Export Promotion Policies, Export Composition and
Economic Development of Korea", Law and Development Institute
Inaugural Conference, Australia.
"Sri Lanka Ending Poverty and Promoting Shared Prosperity: A
Systematic Country Diagnostic" (2015), World Bank.
 úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s

ksIamd†; wmkhk wd∞hu 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 287 la olajd ishhg 23'3 lska my< .sh w;r"
ta i|yd isx.mamQrej iy bka†hdj jeks l,dmfha
wfkl=;a fj<|fmd<j, ls%hdlrejkaf.ka t,a, jQ
by< ;r.ld˙;ajh o ;rula ≥rg n,mEfõh'
f.da,Sh b,aÆfuys wvqùula ms<sìUq lrñka ue◊la"
†huka;s yd iajr®KdNrK wmkhk wd∞hu miq.sh
jirg idfmalaIj t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 274 la olajd
ishhg 17'4 lska my< .sfhah' ;jo" i;a;aj wdydr"
uqøK lr®udka;h wdY%s; ksIamd†;" msÛka ueá wdY%s;
ksIamd†; iy ridhksl ksIamd†; wmkhk wd∞hu o
fuu jir ;=< ° my< .sfhah'
ldr®ñl wmkhk wd∞hu wvq ùfï n,mEu
hï;dla ≥rg wvq lrñka uq`M wmkhkj,ska ishhg
47 la jk fr†ms<s yd we`.Æï wmkhk wd∞hu
2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 4"884 la olajd
ishhg 1'3 lska by< .sfhah' wmkhk m˙udj
iy wmkhk jákdlu hk fohdldrfhka u"
wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh iy hqfrdamd ix.uh
wLKavj Y%S ,xldfõ we`.Æï i|yd m%Odk;u
.eKqïlrejka f,i mej;=◊' 2016 jifr® ° fuu
fj<|fmd< foflka Wmhd .;a wmkhk wd∞hu
ms<sfj<ska t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"104 la iy
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"905 la jQ w;r tys tl;=j uq`M
we`.Æï wmkhk wd∞hfuka ishhg 87'1 la úh'
uq`M wmkhk wd∞hug ishhg 0'3 l muK
∞hl;ajhla olajk Lksc øjH wmkhk wd∞hu
2016 jir ;=< ° ishhg 2'1 lska by< .sfhah'
mdIdK iy .,a wmkhk wd∞hu by< .sh w;r
f,damia" f,dafndr iy w`M wmkhk wd∞hu my<
.sfhah'
5'3'2 wdkhk l%shdldß;ajh
2016 jifr® wjidk ldr®;=fõ ° wdkhk
úhoï lemS fmfkk f,i by< hEu" 2016 jifr®
wdkhk úhou by< hEu i|yd m%Odk jYfhka u
fya;= úh' wdkhk úhou by< hEu i|yd
wdfhdack NdKav iy bkaOk fkdjk wka;r®
NdKav wdkhk úhou by< hEu fya;= jQ w;r"
bkaOk iy wdydruh fkdjk md˙fNda.sl NdKav
jeks wfkl=;a ldKavj, wdkhk úhoï wvq ùfï
jdis iy.; n,mEu ta fya;=fjka u.ye¯ .sfhah'
2016 jifr® ° wdydr yd mdk i|yd jQ wdkhk
úhou fndfyda ≥rg 2015 jifr® mej;s uÜgfï u
fkdfjkiaj mej;=◊' cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<ys
NdKavj, ñ, .Kka my< hEu iy rch yd uy
nexl=j úiska wdkhk úhou my< ±óu i|yd .kq
,enQ úplaIKYS,S m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®. yuqfõ jqj o"
rfgys wdr®:ßl lghq;= jeä †hqKq ùu fya;=fjka
iuia; wdkhk úhou by< .sfhah' ta wkqj" 2016

5
jifr® ° uq`M wdkhk úhou t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
fï w;r" lekvdj" Ökh" ´iafÜ%,shdj iy
19"400 la olajd ishhg 2'5 lska uOHia: f,i
tlai;a wrdì tór® rdcHh we;=<;aj idïm%∞hsl
by< .sh w;r" bkaOk fkdjk wdkhk úhou
fkdjk fj<|fmd< fj; we`.Æï wmkhkh
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 16"919 la olajd ishhg 4'2 lska
ls¯fuka ,o wd∞hu 2015 jifr® jdr®;d l<
by< .sfhah'
ishhg 4'6 l jr®Okh yd iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 7'9 lska jr®Okh úh' hlv yd jdfka" 5'3 rEm igyk
weÆñkshï iy ;U wdY%s; ksIamd†; wmkhk wdkhk ixhq;sh - 2016
wd∞hu by< hEu fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® uQ, f,day
iy Wmdx. wmkhk wd∞hu ishhg 60'5 lska ridhksl

wdfhdack ksIamd†;
ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< .sfhah' 2016 jir ;=< NdKav
fr†ms<s yd
fr†ms<s Wmdx. 4]
weÆñkshï iy ;U we;=Ω uQ, f,dayj, f.da,Sh 27] 14] ma,diaála
ñ, .Kka by< hEfï m%jK;djla mej;=K o" yd ta wdYs%;
ksIamdos;
2015 jirg idfmalaIj tajdfha idudkH ñ, 3]
uÜgï my< w.hl mej;=◊' m%Odk jYfhka u
mdjyka wmkhk wd∞hu ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< hEu
lv∞is yd
ksid iïNdKav wmkhk wd∞hu ishhg 22'0 lska >k lv∞is
yd ta wdYs%;
by< .sfhah' rnr® w;ajeiqï iy rnr® ghr® wmkhk ksIamd†;
wka;r®
wd∞hu by< hEu fya;=fjka rnr® ksIamd†; wmkhk NdKav fjk;a
3]
ms˙my≥ l<
wd∞hu ishhg 0'9 lska iq`M jYfhka by< .sfhah' md˙fNda.sl 51]
L◊c f;,a 13] uQ, f,daN
NdKav 9]
hka;%iQ;% yd hdka;%sl WmlrK iy wdydr yd 22]
2]

mdk jr®. by< wmkhk wd∞hï jdr®;d l< fndrf;,a

3]
wfkl=;a ldr®ñl wmkhk fõ' uQ,h( YS% ,xld fr®.=j

165
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

5'3 ixLHd igyk

wdkhk ixhq;sh
2015 2016 ^w& jákdlfï jdr®Isl fjkiaùug
ldKavh jákdlu ∞hl;ajh jákdlu ∞hl;ajh fjki fjkiaùu jQ ∞hl;ajh
t'c' fvd,r® ] t'c' fvd,r® ] t'c' fvd,r® ] ]
ñ,shk ñ,shk ñ,shk

md˙fNda.l
s NdKav 4,713.5 24.9 4,319.0 22.3 -394.5 -8.4 -84.8
wdydr yd mdk jr®. 1,627.8 8.6 1,627.4 8.4 -0.4 … -0.1
iy,a 135.1 0.7 12.8 0.1 -122.3 -90.5 -26.3
iSks yd rileú,s 254.4 1.3 344.6 1.8 90.2 35.5 19.4
ls˙ ksIma d†; 250.9 1.3 249.3 1.3 -1.6 -0.6 -0.3
m˙mamq 148.0 0.8 139.4 0.7 -8.6 -5.8 -1.8
fjk;a 839.4 4.4 881.3 4.5 41.9 5.0 9.0
wdydruh fkdjk md˙fNda.ls NdKav 3,085.7 16.3 2,691.5 13.9 -394.1 -12.8 -84.7
r:jdyk 1,359.6 7.2 794.8 4.1 -564.9 -41.5 -121.4
fnfy;a yd T!Iëh ksIma d†; 459.8 2.4 525.8 2.7 66.0 14.3 14.2
.Dy WmlrK 221.0 1.2 270.7 1.4 49.7 22.5 10.7
fr†ms<s yd Wmdx. 390.1 2.1 365.8 1.9 -24.3 -6.2 -5.2
fjk;a 655.0 3.5 734.4 3.8 79.3 12.1 17.0
wka;r® NdKav 9,638.2 50.9 9,870.0 50.9 231.8 2.4 49.8
bkaOk 2,699.6 14.3 2,481.0 12.8 -218.6 -8.1 -47.0
fr†ms<s yd fr†ms<s Wmdx. 2,296.2 12.1 2,704.9 13.9 408.7 17.8 87.8
†huka;s yd w.kd .,a jr®. yd f,day 161.5 0.9 514.4 2.7 352.9 218.5 75.8
ridhksl ksIm a d†; 870.3 4.6 856.3 4.4 -14.0 -1.6 -3.0
;s˙Û= yd b˙Û= 357.2 1.9 249.2 1.3 -108.0 -30.2 -23.2
fmdfydr 289.6 1.5 136.9 0.7 -152.8 -52.7 -32.8
wfkl=;a wka;r® NdKav 2,963.7 15.7 2,927.3 15.1 -36.5 -1.2 -7.8

wdfhdack NdKav 4,567.0 24.1 5,198.0 26.8 631.0 13.8 135.6

f.dvke.s,s øjH 1,352.0 7.1 1,568.7 8.1 216.7 16.0 46.6
m%jdyk WmlrK 930.9 4.9 880.2 4.5 -50.8 -5.5 -10.9
hka;i% ;
Q % yd WmlrK 2,278.1 12.0 2,740.7 14.1 462.6 20.3 99.4
wfkl=;a wdfhdack NdKav 5.9 … 8.5 … 2.5 42.3 0.5

5
jr®. fkdl< wdkhk 15.9 0.1 13.1 0.1 -2.9 -17.9 -0.6
uqΩ wdkhk ^wd& 18,934.6 100.0 19,400.1 100.0 465.5 2.5 100.0
jdr®Il
s idudkH úksuh wkqmd;h ^we& 135.94 145.60
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,hka( ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj
^wd& m%;s wdkhk we;=<;a fkdfõ' ,xld whs'´'iS' iud.u
^we& úksuh wkqmd;h( t'c' fvd,rhg remsh,a YS% ,xld fr®.=j
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

wdfhdack NdKav wdkhk úhou by< hEu"
iuia; wdkhk úhou by< hEu i|yd m%Odk
jYfhka u ∞hl úh' m%jdyk WmlrK yer
wdfhdack NdKav hgf;a jr®. lr we;s wfkl=;a
m%Odk ldKavj, wdkhk jr®Okhka ms<sìUq lrñka
2016 jifr® ° uq`M wdkhk úhofuka ishhg 27 la jQ
wdfhdack NdKav wdkhk úhou t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
5"198 la olajd ishhg 13'8 lska by< .sfhah' ishÆu
WmldKavhkays wdkhk úhoïj, lemS fmfkk
by< hEï ms<sìUq lrñka 2016 jifr® ° hka;%iQ;% iy
WmlrK wdkhk úhou t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"741 la
olajd ishhg 20'3 lska by< .sfhah' hka;%iQ;%
iy WmlrK wdkhk úhou by< hEu i|yd
bf,lafg%dksl WmlrK" hka;%iQ;% yd WmlrK
fldgia" ú≥,s ikafoaY WmlrK iy lDIsldr®ñl
hka;%iQ;% i|yd jQ wdkhk úhoï by< hEu m%Odk
jYfhka ∞hl;ajh olajk ,°' 2016 jifr® °
f.dvke.s,s øjH wdkhk úhou t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 1"569 la olajd ishhg 16'0 lska by< .sfhah'
m˙jrKh l< lïì iy flan, yer f.dvke.s,s
øjH hgf;a jr®. lr we;s wfkl=;a ishÆu Wm
ldKavj, wdkhk úhoï ie,lsh hq;= f,i by<
.sfhah' f.dvke.s,s øjH wdkhk úhou jr®Okh
i|yd isfuka;s" hlv yd jdfka Wmdx." ms`.ka ueá
ksIamd†; iy ±j ksIamd†; wdkhk m%Odk jYfhka
∞hl úh' fï w;r" m%Odk jYfhkau ;%sfrdao
r: iy niar: i|yd jQ wdkhk úhoï wvq ùu
fya;=fjka m%jdyk WmlrK wdkhk úhou
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 880 la olajd ishhg 5'5 lska
my< .sfhah'
2016 jifr® ° uq`M wdkhk úhofuka ishhg
51 la jQ wka;r® NdKav wdkhk úhou t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 9"870 la olajd ishhg 2'4 lska by< .sfhah'

166
 úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s

2016 jifr® ° bkaOk wdkhk úhou blaujd hñka
fr†ms<s yd fr†ms<s Wmdx. wdkhk úhou m%Odk
wdkhk úhoï ldKavh njg m;a jQ w;r" fr†ms<s yd
we`.Æï wmkhk by< hEug iu.dój th
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"705 la olajd ishhg
17'8 lska by< .sfhah' r;%ka wdkhk m˙udj by<
hEu fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® ° r;%ka wdkhk úhou
2015 jifr®° jdr®;d jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 42 yd
iei£fï ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 374 la olajd ie,lsh
hq;= f,i by< .sfhah' 2016 jifr® m<uq ldr®;=
;=k ;=< ° cd;Hka;r NdKav fj<|fmdf<ys r;%ka
ñ, .Kka by< hEfï m%jK;djla fmkakqï l< o
wjidk ldr®;=fõ ° my< hEula olakg ,eì◊'
fndrf;,a iy ms˙my≥ l< Lksc f;,a wdkhk
úhoï my< hEu fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® ° bkaOk
5'4 ixLHd igyk
m%Odk wdkhkj, mßudjka
YSr®Ih 2012 2013
iy,a 36 23
m<uq ldr®;j
= 15 9 6
fojk ldr®;j = 7 6
f;jk ldr®;j = 10 4 145
isõjk ldr®;j = 4 4
;sr`s .= ^wd& 1,084 895
wdkhk úhou t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"481 la olajd
ishhg 8'1 lska my< .sh w;r" .,aw.=re wdkhk
úhou by< .sfhah' 2016 jifr® ° fndrf;,a wdkhk
m˙udj ishhg 4'5 lska my< .sh w;r" fndr f;,a
ner,hla i|yd f.jQ idudkH wdkhk ñ, 2015 °
jdr®;d jQ t'c' fvd,r® 54'80 g idfmalaIj 2016
jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® 46'30 la olajd wvq úh'
fuu ld,h ;=<° ms˙my≥ l< Lksc f;,a
wdkhk ñ, ishhg 19'9 lska my< .sh o rg ;=<
mej;s kshx ;;a;ajh fya;=fjka ;dm ú≥,sn,
W;amdokh by< hEu fya;=fldgf.k ms˙my≥
l< Lksc f;,a wdkhk m˙udj ishhg 17'0 lska
by< .sfhah' 2016 jifr® ° m%Odk jYfhkau
.,aw`.=re oykh u.ska ú≥,sn, W;amdokh o
ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< hEu fya;=fjka .,aw`.=re
wdkhk úhou ishhg 23'9 lska by< .sfhah' ta
wkqj" 2015 jifr® ° iy 2014 jifr® ° uq`M wdkhk
úhofuka ms<sfj<ska ishhg 14'3 laa iy ishhg
fuá%la fgdka oyia 23'7 la jQ bkaOk wdkhk úhou" 2016 jifr® °
2014 2015 2016 ^w& ishhg 12'8 la olajd ;j≥rg;a my< .sfhah' fï w;r"
600 286 30 wdkhk ñ, iy wdkhk m˙udj hk foflysu wvq ùu
176 6
102 91 9
fya;=fjka fmdfydr wdkhk úhou ishhg 52'7 lska
9 6 my< .sh w;r" ;s˙`.= iy b˙`.= wdkhk úhou
348 9 8
ishhg 30'2 lska my< .sfhah' wdydr ieliqï" ilia
1,179 1,208 948

5
m<uq ldr®;j
= 353 197 271 242 171
fkdl< ≥ïfld<" uQ, f,day" ridhksl ksIamd†;
fojk ldr®;j = 235 326 324 342 326 iy Lksc øjH ksIamd†; jeks wfkl=;a wka;r®
f;jk ldr®;j = 291 170 291 373 271
isõjk ldr®;j = 205 201 292 251 179 NdKav wdkhk úhou 2016 jifr® ° miq.sh jirg
iSks 569 548 520 624 651 idfmalaIj my< .sfhah'
m<uq ldr®;j
= 158 126 131 169 147
fojk ldr®;j = 135 175 162 161 144 2016 jifr® ° wdydruh fkdjk md˙fNda.sl
f;jk ldr®;j = 114 118 152 156 179 NdKav wdkhk úhou wvq ùu fya;=fjka md˙fNda.sl
isõjk ldr®;j = 162 129 75 137 181
NdKav wdkhk úhou fmr jirg idfmalaIj
fndrf;,a ^wd& 1,486 1,743 1,824 1,763 1,685
m<uq ldr®;j= 558 482 548 369 372 t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 4"319 la olajd ishhg 8'4 lska
fojk ldr®;j = 413 545 365 355 456 my< .sfhah' m%Odk jYfhka fm!oa.,sl Ndú;h
f;jk ldr®;j = 137 315 462 472 384
isõjk ldr®;j = 379 401 449 567 473 i|yd jk r:jdyk wdkhkh wvq ùu fya;=fjka
ms˙my≥ l< Lkscf;,a ^wd& 3,961 2,907 3,385 3,321 3,885 wdydr fkdjk md˙fNda.sl NdKav wdkhk úhou
m<uq ldr®;j
= 1,036 673 970 799 830 t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"692 la olajd ishhg 12'8 lska
fojk ldr®;j = 903 756 762 952 1,163
f;jk ldr®;j = 997 791 1,006 744 749
my< .sfhah' fuu my< hEu i|yd m%Odk jYfhkau
isõjk ldr®;j = 1,025 687 647 826 1,142 fya;= jQfha rch u.ska r:jdyk i|yd jk wdkhk
fmdfydr 640 600 765 873 527
n≥ by< ±óu iy uy nexl=j u.ska nexl=j,ska iy
m<uq ldr®;j = 129 61 202 163 139
fojk ldr®;j = 176 139 190 244 135 uQ,H wdh;k u.ska r:jdyk ñ,° .ekSu i|yd
f;jk ldr®;j = 226 187 95 189 126
imhkq ,nk Kh iy w;a;sldrï i|yd Wm˙u
isõjk ldr®;j = 108 214 277 277 127
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,hka( ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj
Kh wkqmd;hla mekùug .;a idr®j úplaIKYS,S
^wd& .<mk ,o ,xld whs'´'iS' iud.u l%shdudr®.hkah' 2016 jifr® ° fr†ms<s yd Wmdx."
iSudiys; m%Sud ,xld iud.u
iSudiys; fifrkaäí µa,dr® ñ,aia uqøs; øjH yd ,smsøjH iy rnr® ksIamd†; wdkhk
mqoa.,sl iud.u
YS% ,xld fr®.=j
úhou o my< .sfhah' thg fjkiaj hñka fnfy;a
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j iy T!Iëh ksIamd†; wdkhk úhou t'c' fvd,r®

167
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

ñ,shk 526 la olajd ishhg 14'3 lska by< .sfhah' 5'4 rEm igyk
.Dy WmlrK iy .Dy NdKav yd ±j NdKav wmkhk" wdkhk iy fj<| fYaIh
wdkhk úhou o ms<sfj<ska ishhg 22'5 lska iy 21

ishhg 21'5 lska by< .sfhah' ta wkqj" wdydr yd

18
15
mdk jr®. yer wfkl=;a md˙fNda.sl NdKav wdkhk

t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk

12
úhou" uq`M wdkhk úhofuka ishhg 14 lg 9
∞hl;ajh ±laùh' 6
3
2016 jifr® wdydr yd mdk jr®. wdkhk 0

úhou 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ uÜgfuka fndfyda -3

-6
≥rg fkdfjkiaj mej;=◊' m%Odk jYfhkau -9
wdkhk m˙udjg jvd wdkhk ñ, .Kka by< -12

hEu fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® ° iSks wdkhk úhou wmkhk wdkhk fj<| fYaIh
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 343 la olajd ishhg 35'6 lska 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

by< .sfhah' wdkhk m˙udjka by< hEu uQ,h( YS% ,xld fr®.=j

fya;=fjka mdk jr®." l=`Mnvq" uqyq≥ wdydr iy

m,;=re wdkhk úhou o by< .sfhah' fï w;r"
iy,a wdkhk m˙udj wvq ùu iy tu.ska iy,a
wdkhk úhou wvq ùu" wdkhk úhou by< hEfï
n,mEu mshjd .ekSug úYd, f,i ∞hl úh' foaYSh
fj<|fmdf<ys iy,a iemhqu by< hEu fya;=fjka
iy,a wdkhkh wffOr®hu;a ls¯ug 2015 jifr® iy
2016 jifr® uq,a ld,fha ° iy,a wdkhkh u; jQ
n≥ by< ±óu fya;=fjka iy,a wdkhk m˙udj
2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ fuá%la fgdka 285"604 g
jifr® °" o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg
10'4 la jQ fj<| ys`.h 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 11'2 la
olajd by< .sfhah'
5'3'4 fj<| ñ, wkqmd;h
2016 jifr® ° fj<| ñ, wkqmd;h jr®Okh
úh' wmkhk ñ, or®Ylfhka fmkakqï l< wvq
ùug idfmalaIj wdkhk ñ, or®Ylh lemS fmfkk
f,i wvq ùu u; fj<| ñ, wkqmd;h ishhg 3'7 lska

5
idfmaCIj 2016 jifr® ° fuá%la fgdka 29"524 olajd
my< .sfhah' ls˙msá wdkhk m˙udj by< .sh o"
ls˙msáj, idudkH wdkhk ñ, ie,lsh hq;= f,i
my< hEu ksid 2016 jifr® ° ls˙ wdY%s; ksIamd†;
wdkhk úhou t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 249 la olajd
ishhg 0'6 lska iq`M jYfhka wvq úh' 2016 jifr® °
`MEKq" m˙mamq iy w, i|yd jQ wdkhk úhoï o
my< .sfhah'
5'3'3 fj<| fYaIh
jr®Okh úh' fï wkqj 2015 jifr® ° or®Yl wxl
100'3 la j meje;s fj<| ñ, wkqmd;h 2016 jifr® °
or®Yl wxl 104'0 la olajd jr®Okh úh'
ishÆu m%Odk wmkhk ldKavj,g w∞<j
ñ, or®Yl wvq ùu fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® °
iuia; wmkhk ñ, or®Ylh ishhg 1'5 lska my;
jegq◊' úfYaIfhkau" 2015 jirg idfmalaIj 2016
5'5 rEm igyk
fj<| ñ, wkqmd;h iy fj<| o¾Yl

2016 jifr® m<uq udi y;r ;=< ° iuqÉÑ; 170

jYfhka ie,l+ úg fj<| ys`.fhys wvq ùula
or®Yl wxl ^2010 } 100&

150
olakg ,enqK o bka miqj m%idrKh ùu fya;=fjka
2016 jifr® fj<| ys`.h mq`M,a úh' 2015 jirg 130

idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° wmkhk wd∞hu wvq 110

ùu iy úfYaIfhkau 2016 jifr® wjidk ldr®;=j
;=< ° wka;r® NdKav iy wdfhdack NdKav 90

wdkhk úhou ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< hEu" 70

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
2016 jifr® fj<| ys`.h by< hEug fya;= úh'
2016 jifr® ° fj<| ys`.h" 2015 jifr® ° wmkhk m˙udj
wdkhk m˙udj wdkhk ta
m˙udj
ll ñ, wmkhk
fj<| ñ,tAl lmñ,
wkq d;h
jdr®;d jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 8"388 g idfmalaIj wmkhktAm˙udj
wdkhk ll ñ, fj<`o ñ,tal
wmkhk wkq
lmñ,
d;h
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 9"090 olajd mq`M,a úh' 2015 uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

168
 úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s

5'5 ixLHd igyk

fj<| o¾Yl ^w&
2010 } 100

ldKavh
jákdlï or®Ylh m˙ud or®Ylh tall jákdlï or®Ylh
2015 2016 ^wd& jr®Okh ] 2015 2016 ^wd& jr®Okh ] 2015 2016 ^wd& jr®Okh ]
wmkhk
lDIsldr®ñl wmkhk 107.6 100.9 -6.3 95.6 90.8 -5.0 112.6 111.2 -1.3
f;a 93.1 88.1 -5.3 91.3 86.2 -5.5 102.0 102.2 0.2
rnr® 15.1 18.9 25.0 21.0 27.2 29.3 71.8 69.4 -3.3
fmd,a 212.3 220.9 4.0 159.4 174.1 9.3 133.2 126.9 -4.8
l=Ωnvq 182.2 153.0 -16.0 118.3 100.3 -15.2 154.0 152.6 -0.9
iqΩ lDIsldr®ñl ksIm
a d†; 224.6 159.7 -28.9 205.3 149.6 -27.1 109.4 106.8 -2.4

ldr®ñl wmkhk 131.6 ^we& 130.3 -1.0 144.4 144.9 0.4 91.1 ^we& 89.9 -1.3
fr†ms<s yd weÛÆï 143.7 145.6 1.3 126.4 127.1 0.5 113.7 114.6 0.8
Lkscf;,a ksIm a d†; 142.1 109.0 -23.3 208.6 185.8 -10.9 68.1 58.6 -13.9
rnr® ksIm
a d†; 136.7 137.9 0.9 96.9 104.2 7.5 141.1 132.4 -6.2

Lkscuh wmkhk 117.2 119.7 2.1 82.4 88.9 7.9 142.2 134.6 -5.4
uqΩ wmkhk 122.3 ^we& 119.6 -2.2 128.0 127.0 -0.7 95.6 ^we& 94.1 -1.5

wdkhk
md˙fNda.l
s NdKav 190.5 174.5 -8.4 177.9 156.5 -12.0 107.1 111.5 4.1
wdydr yd mdk jr®. 123.1 123.0 … 128.1 124.1 -3.1 96.0 99.1 3.2
wdydruh fkdjk md˙fNda.l
s NdKav 268.0 233.7 -12.8 235.0 193.8 -17.5 114.0 120.6 5.8
wka;r® NdKav 119.8 122.6 2.4 128.7 142.5 10.8 93.1 86.0 -7.6
bkaOk 88.8 81.6 -8.1 116.6 129.5 11.1 76.2 63.0 -17.3
fmdfydr 120.6 57.0 -52.8 129.5 68.6 -47.1 93.1 83.1 -10.7
ridhksl ksIm a d†; 167.4 164.7 -1.6 155.6 163.4 5.1 107.6 100.8 -6.3
;s˙Û= iy b˙Û= 134.6 93.9 -30.2 121.3 92.7 -23.6 110.9 101.3 -8.7
fr†ms<s yd fr†ms<s Wmdx. 126.9 149.5 17.8 120.4 138.2 14.7 105.4 108.2 2.7
ma,diaála yd ta wdY%;
s ksIm
a d†; 145.5 146.1 0.4 142.6 155.7 9.2 102.0 93.8 -8.0
†huka;"s w.kd .,a jr®. yd f,day 42.8 136.2 218.5 49.1 155.0 215.4 87.1 87.9 1.0

5
wdfhdack NdKav 165.8 188.7 13.8 179.7 215.6 20.0 92.2 87.5 -5.1
f.dvke.s,s øjH 164.5 190.9 16.0 167.8 206.2 22.9 98.1 92.6 -5.6
m%jdyk WmlrK 157.1 148.5 -5.5 156.5 142.0 -9.2 100.4 104.6 4.2
hka;i% ;
Q % iy WmlrK 170.3 204.9 20.3 197.3 253.9 28.7 86.3 80.7 -6.5
wfkl=;a wdfhdack NdKav 178.4 253.9 42.3 184.6 262.0 41.9 96.7 96.9 0.3
uqΩ wdkhk 141.2 144.7 2.5 148.2 159.9 7.9 95.3 90.5 -5.1
fj<| ñ, wkqmd;h 100.3 ^we& 104.0 3.7
^w& t'c' fvd,r® jákdlu wkqj uQ,hka( ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj yd fjk;a
^wd& ;djld,sl Lksc f;,a ksYamd†; wmkhklrejka
^we& ixfYdaê; ,xld whs'´'iS iud.u
cd;sl ue◊la yd iajr®KdNrK wêld˙h
YS% ,xld fr®.=j
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

jifr® m<uq Nd.h ;=< cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<ys
mej;s my< ñ, .Kka fya;=fjka lDIsldr®ñl
wmkhkj,g w∞< ñ, or®Ylh 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 1'3 lska wvq úh' jifr® m<uq udi y; ;=<
f;a wmkhk ñ, .Kka my< uÜgul mej;=K o
2016 wf.daia;= udifha isg jdr®;d jQ by< ñ,
.Kka fya;=fjka f;a i|yd jQ wmkhk ñ, or®Ylh
ishhg 0'2 lska by< .sfhah' fuu ld,m˙Éf√oh
;=< rnr® iy fmd,a i|yd jQ wmkhk ñ, or®Yl"
ms<sfj<ska" ishhg 3'3 lska iy ishhg 4'8 lska my<
.sfhah' iq`M lDIsldr®ñl ksIamd†; iy uqyq≥ wdydr
i|yd jQ wmkhk ñ, or®Yl wvq jQ w;r t<j`M
i|yd jk wmkhk ñ, or®Ylh by< .sfhah'
fndfyda Wm ldKav i|yd jQ wmkhk ñ, or®Yl
ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq ùu;a iu`. ldr®ñl wmkhk
i|yd jQ ñ, or®Ylh ishhg 1'3 lska wvq úh'
2016 jifr® ° cd;Hka;r fj<|fmdf<ys Lksc
f;,a ñ, .Kka my< w.hl mej;Su fya;=fjka
Lksc f;,a ksIamd†; i|yd jQ wmkhk ñ, or®Ylh
ishhg 13'9 lska wvq úh' flfia jqj o" fr†ms<s yd
we`.Æï" ms`.ka ueá ksIamd†; iy iï NdKav"
ixpdrl NdKav yd mdjyka i|yd jk wmkhk ñ,
or®Yl ms<sfj,ska ishhg 0'8 lska" ishhg 2'5 lska
iy ishhg 1'0 lska by< .sfhah'

169
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

2016 jir w. Nd.fha ° f,dal fj<|fmdf<ys
Lksc f;,a ñ, .Kka l%ufhka by< .sh o" m%Odk
jYfhkau 2015 jirg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° Lksc
f;,a ñ, .Kka my< w.hl mej;Su fya;=fjka
wdkhk i|yd jk iuia; ñ, or®Ylh ishhg
5'1 lska wvq úh' flfia jqj o" 2016 jifr® ° f,dal
fj<|fmdf<ys lmq ñ, .Kka by< hEu" fr†ms<s
iy fr†ms<s Wmdx. i|yd jQ wdkhk ñ, or®Ylh
ishhg 2'7 lska by< hEu i|yd ;rula ≥rg fya;= úh'
fuhg iu.dój f.da,Sh fj<|fmdf<ys r;%ka ñ,
.Kkaj, by< hEula ms<sìUq lrñka †huka;s"
w.kd .,a jr®. yd f,day i|yd jk wdkhk ñ,
or®Ylh by< .sfhah' wka;r® NdKav hgf;a jr®. lr
we;s wfkl=;a ishÆ ldKavj, ñ, or®Yl wvq úh'
wdfhdack NdKav hgf;a jr®. lr we;s hka;%iQ;%
yd WmlrK iy f.dvke.s,s øjH i|yd jk
ñ, or®Yl wvq jQ w;r" m%jdyk WmlrK i|yd jk
ñ, or®Ylh by< .sfhah' wka;r® NdKav iy
wdfhdack NdKav i|yd jQ ñ, or®Ylj,g fjkiaj
hñka wdydr yd mdk jr®. iy wdydruh fkdjk
md˙fNda.sl NdKav hk foflysu ñ, .Kkaj,
by< hEula ms<sìUq lrñka md˙fNda.sl NdKav i|yd
jk ñ, or®Ylh by< .sfhah' wdydr yd mdk jr®.
hgf;a jr®. lr we;s iSks" f;,a iy fïoh" m,;=re
iy uqyq≥ wdydr i|yd jk wdkhk ñ, or®Yl lemS
fmfkk f,i by< .sfhah' flfia jqjo" jir
;=< ° OdkH jr®. iy weUreï lr®udka;h wdY%s;
ksIamd†; wdkhkh i|yd jQ ñ, or®Ylh my<
.sfhah'
5'3'5 fj<| ÈYdj
2015 jirg idfmalaIj 2016 jir ;=<
Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk wmkhk .ukdka; iy tu
.ukdka; i|yd wmkhkh lrkq ,enQ m%Odk
wmkhk NdKav jr®. fndfyda ≥rg fkdfjkiaj
mej;s w;r" 2001 jifr® isg m%Odk wdkhk
m%Njh jQ bka†hdj wNsnjd hñka Ökh m%Odk
wdkhk m%Njh njg m;a úh' wefu˙ld tlai;a
ckmoh iy tlai;a rdcOdksh m%Odk wmkhk
.ukdka; f,i wLKavj mej;s w;r" 2016 jifr®
tu rgj,a fj; is≥ l< wmkhk uq`M wmkhk
wd∞hfuka ishhg 37 la úh' Ökh fukau bka†hdj
iu`. is≥ l< uq`M fj<| .kqfokq m%udKh t'c'
fvd,r® ì,shk 4 blaujñka o wefu˙ld tlai;a
ckmoh iu`. is≥ l< uq`M fj<| .kqfokq m%udKh

5'6 rEm igyk 5'7 rEm igyk

wmkhk fj<| ÈYdj

5
wdkhk fj<| ÈYdj
2011 2011 hqfrdamd ix.uh
fjk;a tlai;a rdcOdksh fjk;a

18] 11]
16] 9]
tlai;a wrdì
b;d,sh tór® rdcHh
6] 3]

cr®uksh bka†hdj
ueo fmr†. ueo fmr†.
5] 22]
11] 14]
hqfrdamd
ix.uh-fjk;a
wdishdj 13]
wdishdj isx.mamQrej
16]
fjk;a 10]
wefu˙ld tlai;a
ckmoh 16] Ökh
20] 10]

2016 2016
fjk;a fjk;a hqfrdamd ix.uh
tlai;a rdcOdksh 10]
17] 9]
10]

b;d,sh tlai;a wrdì

ueo fmr†.
4] tór® rdcHh
ueo fmr†. 8]
6]
cr®uksh
9]
5]
bka†hdj
20]
hqfrdamd wdishdj
wdishdj ix.uh-fjk;a
16] - fjk;a
12] isx.mamQrej
19]
6]
wefu˙ld tlai;a Ökh
ckmoh 22]
27]
uQ,h( YS% ,xld fr®.=j uQ,h( YS% ,xld fr®.=j

170

t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 3 blaujñka o bka†hdj" Ökh
iy wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh iuia; úfoaYSh
fj<πu i|yd ms<sfj<ska ishhg 14'9 lska" ishhg
14'7 lska iy ishhg 11'3 lska ∞hl jQ w;r" fuu
rgj,a Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk;u fj<| yjq,alrejka
njg m;a úh' fï w;r" tlai;a wrdì tór® rdcHh"
isx.mamQrej" cmdkh iy tlai;a rdcOdksh iu`.
is≥ l< fj<| .kqfokq m%udKh t'c' fvd,r®
ì,shkh blauùh' bka†hdj iy cmdkh iu`. is≥
l< wdkhk fukau wmkhk fj<πu my< hEu
fya;=fjka 2015 jirg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® °
tu rgj,a iu`. is≥ l< fj<| .kqfokq m%udKh
ie,lsh hq;= f,i my< .sh w;r Ökh" isx.mamQrej"
cr®uksh" b;d,sh iy wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh
iu`. is≥ l< fj<| .kqfokq m%udKh ie,lsh hq;=
f,i by< .sfhah'
uqq`M wmkhk wd∞hfuka ishhg 27'3 la jdr®;d
lrñka 2016 jifr® ° o wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh
úYd,;u wmkhk .ukdka;h f,i ;j≥rg;a
mej;=◊' wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh fj; is≥ l<
uq`M wmkhkj, jákdlu t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
2"810 la jQ w;r thska ishhg 74'9 la we`.Æï
wmkhk o" ishhg 8'7 la rnr® ksIamd†; wmkhk o
úh' 2016 jifr® ° iuia; weÛÆï wmkhk
wd∞hfuka ishhg 45'7 la jdr®;d lrñka wefu˙ld
tlai;a ckmoh fj; is≥ l< weÛÆï wmkhk
wd∞hu fndfyda≥rg fkdfjkiaj mej;=◊' uq`M
wmkhk wd∞hfuka ishhg 10'1 la iy hqfrdamd
ix.uh fj; is≥ l< wmkhk wd∞hfuka ;=fkka
tlla jdr®;d lrñka tlai;a rdcOdksh fojeks
úYd,;u wmkhk .ukdka;h f,i 2016 jifr® ° o
wLKavj mej;=◊' tlai;a rdcOdksh fj;ska ,o
uq`M wmkhk wd∞hfuka ms<sfj<ska ishhg 79'1 lg
iy ishhg 2'8 lg ∞hl fjñka we`.Æï
iy rnr® ksIamd†;" 2016 jifr® ° tlai;a
rdcOdksh fj; is≥ l< m%Odk wmkhk f,i
mej;=◊' 2016 jifr® ° hqfrdamd ix.uh fj; is≥
l< uq`M we`.Æï wmkhkj,ska ,enqKq wd∞hu
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"905 la jQ w;r" th uq`M
we`.Æï wmkhk wd∞hfuka ishhg 41'4 ls'
hqfrdamd ix.uhg wh;a rgj,a w;=frka tlai;a
rdcOdksh yereKq úg wfkl=;a m%Odk wmkhk
.ukdka; jQfha cr®uksh" b;d,sh" fn,a‚hu"
fkor®,ka;h iy m%xYhhs' cr®uksh iy b;d,sh
isõjk iy miajeks úYd,;u wmkhk .ukdka; jQ
w;r we`.Æï" rnr® ksIamd†;" f;a" wdydr"
mdk jr®. yd ≥ïfld< iy l=`Mnvq tu rgj,a
fj; is≥ l< m%Odk wmkhk NdKav úh'
f;jeks úYd,;u wmkhk .ukdka;h jQ
bka†hdj fj; is≥ l< wmkhkj,ska ,o wd∞hu
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 643
isg 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 554 olajd
my< .sh w;r" ta i|yd f;a" iq`M lDIsldr®ñl
ksIamd†;" l=`Mnvq" m%jdyk WmlrK iy i;a;aj
wdydr wmkhk wd∞hu wvq ùu fya;= úh' 2016
jifr® ° reishdj wNsnjd hñka brdkh Y%S ,xldfõ
m%Odk;u f;a .ekqïlre njg m;aa úh' fjk;a
m%Odk f;a .ekqïlrejka jQfha brdlh" ;=r®lsh iy
tlai;a wrdì tór® rdcHhhs' 2016 jifr® uq`M f;a
wmkhk wd∞hfuka ishhg 45'2 lg fuu rgj,a
∞hl úh'
uq`M wdkhk úhofuka ishhg 21'7 lg ∞hl
fjñka 2016 jifr® ° Ökh" Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk
wdkhk m%Njh njg m;a úh' fr†ms<s yd Wmdx."
hka;%iQ;% yd WmlrK" f.dvke.s,s øjH" m%jdyk
WmlrK iy ridhksl ksIamd†; wdkhk i|yd jQ
úhoï by< hEu;a iu`. 2016 jifr® °
Ökfhka wdkhkh l< NdKav i|yd jQ úhou
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 4"215 la olajd ishhg 13'6 lska
by< .sfhah' uqΩ wdkhk úhofuka ishhg 19'7 la
muKla jdr®;d lrñka bka†hdj fojeks úYd,;u
wdkhk m%Njh njg m;a jQ w;r" 2016 jifr® °
bka†hdfjka wdkhkh l< Lksc f;,a ksIamd†; iy
;%sfrdao r: iy fudagr® r: jeks r:jdyk i|yd jQ
úhoï wvq ùu fya;=fjka bka†hdj fj;ska is≥
l< uq`M wdkhk ishhg 10'6 lska my< .sfhah'
5
uq`M wdkhkj,ska ishhg 6'1 la jdr®;d lrñka
isx.mamQrej f;jeks úYd,;u wdkhk m%Njh
njg m;a úh' Lksc f;,a ksIamd†;" hka;%iQ;% yd
WmlrK iy †huka;s yd w.kd .,a jr®.
isx.mamQrej fj;ska wdkhkh l< m%Odk NdKav úh'
tlai;a wrdì tór® rdcHh isõ jeks úYd,;u
wdkhk m%Njh njg m;a jQ w;r Lksc f;,a
ksIamd†;" †huka;s yd w.kd .,a jr®. iy uQ,
f,day tráka f.ka jQ m%Odk wdkhk w;r úh'
miajeks úYd,;u wdkhk m%Njh jQ cmdkh fj;ska
jdyk yd hka;%iQ;% fldgia iy hka;%iQ;% yd
WmlrK wdkhkh i|yd ±rE úhou by< .sh o"
r: jdyk wdkhkh my< hEu fya;=fjka
cmdkfhka l< wdkhk i|yd jQ uq`M úhou ishhg
31'6 lska my< .sfhah'
5'4 cx.u iy m%d.aOk .sKqu
5'4'1 fiajd fj<|du
jir ;=< ° úfoaYSh cx.u .sKqu Yla;su;a
ls¯ug ∞hl fjñka" 2016 jifr® ° Y%S ,xldfõ
fiajd wmkhk i;=gq∞hl jr®Okhla jdr®;d lf<ah'
fiajd wmkhk bmehSï 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ
171
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 6"397 iuÛ iei£fï ° 2016 5'6 ixLHd igyk
jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 7"138 la olajd ishhg cx.u iy m%d.aOk .sKqu
11'6 lska jr®Okh úh' ixpdrl bmehSï" fiajd
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
fj<πfuys jr®Okhg uQ,sl jYfhka ∞hl;ajh

YSr®Ih
2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
iemhQ w;r" m%jdyk iy ú≥,s ikafoaY" m˙.Kl yd ner yr Y=oaO ner yr Y=oaO
f;dr;=re fiajd wmkhk wxYhka o tu jr®Okh NdKav yd fiajd 16,943 23,006 -6,063 17,448 23,659 -6,211
i|yd odhl úh' fï w;r" úfYaIfhka ixpdrl NdKav 10,546 18,935 -8,388 10,310 19,400 -9,090
wxYh we;=`M fiajd wdkhk i|yd jQ b,aÆu by< fj<| NdKav 10,546 18,892 -8,346 10,310 19,026 -8,716
uQ,H fkdjk r;%ka - 42 -42 - 374 -374
hEu fya;=fjka jir ;=< ° fiajd .sKqfuys f.ùï
fiajd 6,397 4,072 2,325 7,138 4,259 2,879
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 4"259 la olajd ishhg 4'6 lska m%jdyk 2,105 1,579 526 2,250 1,618 632
by< .sfhah' iuia;hla jYfhka" fiajd .sKqfuys uqyq≥ m%jdyk 997 762 234 1,059 779 281
w;s˙la;h t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"879 la jQ w;r" keõ l=,S 997 762 234 1,059 779 281

th 2015 jir yd iei£fï ° ishhg 23'8 l .=jka m%jdyk 1,108 816 292 1,191 840 351
u.S .dia;= 997 732 266 1,073 753 320
jr®Okhls' .=jka l=,S 111 85 26 118 87 31
ixpdrl ^we& 2,981 1,420 1,561 3,518 1,542 1,977
m%jdyk fiajd b†ls¯ï 60 30 30 63 29 34
rlaIK iy úY%du 119 92 27 121 89 32
m%jdyk fiajd wxYfhys jr®Okh" 2016 jifr® ° jegqma
fiajd .sKqu flfrys ys;lr f,i n,mEfõh' uQ,H fiajd 254 380 -126 252 403 -151
u.S .dia;=" keõ l=,S" jrdh yd .=jkaf;dgqfmd< ú≥,s ikafoaY iy 805 429 375 858 443 416
m˙.Kl fiajd
wdY%s; l%shdldrlïj,ska iukaú; m%jdyk fiajd ú≥,s ikafoaY 128 102 26 134 105 29
fj; jQ o< ,eîï jir ;=< ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk m˙.Kl fiajd 677 327 349 724 337 387
fjk;a jHdmd˙l
2"250 la olajd ishhg 6'9 lska jr®Okh úh' fï fiajd 42 63 -21 42 67 -25
w;r" wdkhk l%shdldrlï mqΩ,a ùu iy úfoaY rcfha NdKav yd
ixpdrhkays ksr; jk Y%S ,dxlslhska ixLHdj by< fiajd úhoï 31 79 -48 33 68 -35
^wka ;ekl i|yka
hEu iu`. jrdh yd .=jka f;dgqfmd< wdY%s; fiajd fkdjk&

5
f.ùï by< hEu fya;=fjka m%jdyk fiajd u; jQ m%d:ñl wd∞hï 127 2,140 -2,013 120 2,304 -2,184
f.ùï 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"618 la fiajl jegqma 19 83 -63 16 67 -51
wdfhdack wd∞hï 108 2,058 -1,950 105 2,238 -2,133
olajd ishhg 2'5 lska jr®Okh úh' tys m%;sM,hla
iDcq wdfhdack 17 787 -771 12 953 -941
f,i" m%jdyk wxYh u; jQ Y=oaO ,eîï 2015 jifr® ,dNdxY 17 435 -419 12 504 -491
jdr®;d jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 526 iuÛ iei£fï ° m%;s wdfhda‚; - 352 -352 - 450 -450
2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 632 la olajd bmehqï
úúO wdfhdack - 844 -844 - 831 -831
jr®Okh úh' ysñlï - 80 -80 - 75 -75

2016 jifr® ° u.S .dia;= wdY%s; ,eîï fmr fmd,S wd∞hï - 764 -764 - 756 -756
flá ld,Sk - 27 -27 - 1 -1
jirg idfmalaIj ishhg 7'6 l jr®Okhla iu`." †.= ld,Sk - 737 -737 - 755 -755
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"073 la olajd by< .sfhah' wfkl=;a wdfhdack 25 426 -401 45 453 -408
Y%S ,xldjg meñ◊ u.Ska ixLHdj by< hEu" u.S ixÑ; j;alï 66 - 66 47 - 47
.dia;= u; jQ ,eîï by< hEu i|yd uQ,slju fya;= oaú;Shsl wd∞hï 7,007 814 6,193 7,260 807 6,453
úh' 2016 jir ;=< °" Y%S,xlka .=jka iud.u úiska rch 27 - 27 19 - 19
fiajd kshqla;slhskaf.a 6,980
fiajd imhkq ,nk .=jka .ukdka; ixLHdj fm%aIK
814 6,167 7,242 807 6,434

mqΩ,a lrk ,°' fuu .=jka .ukdka; w;rg cx.u .sKqu 24,078 25,960 -1,883 24,829 26,771 -1,942
ueo fmr†." wE; fmr†. iy wdishdkq rgj,a m%d.aOk .sKqu 71 24 46 46 21 26
lsysmhla o we;=<;a úh' fuu jir ;=< u.S m%d.aOk ixl%du 71 24 46 46 21 26
.dia;= wdY%s; bmehSï jr®Okh ùu i|yd rch 50 - 50 35 - 35
fuf,i .=jka .ukdka; ixLHdj mq`M,a ls¯u o ixia:d iy l=gqïn 21 24 -3 11 21 -10
cx.u .sKqu iy
∞hl úh' fï w;r" 2016 jifr® ° Y%S,xlka .=jka m%d.aOk .sKqu 24,148 25,985 -1,836 24,875 26,792 -1,917
iud.u úiska ñyska ,xld .=jka iud.fuys fufyhqï ^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
lghq;= w;am;a lr.;a w;r" ta wkqj" flá ≥r .=jka ^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& wfkajdislhkag iemhQ u.S fiajdjka" m%jdyk fiajdjkays we;=<;ah'
udr®. kjhlaa iy .=jka hdkd ;=kla ish iud.ug

172
 úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s

mjrd .kakd ,°' flfia fj;;a" Y%S,xlka .=jka 5'8 rEm igyk
iud.u úiska .=jka .ukdka; lsysmhla fj; jQ rgj,a wkqj ixpdrl meñŒï - 2016
.=jka .uka jdr kj;d ±óu iy 2016 jir ;=< ° fjk;a
.=jka .dia;= my< ±óu fya;=fjka u.S .dia;= u; jQ
24]
mdlsia:dkh
wd∞hfuys jr®Okh iSud úh' nKavdrkdhl 1]
bka†hdj
cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqfmdf<ys Odjk m:h kej; 17]
we;s¯fï lghq;= ;=<ska Odjk m:fha Od˙;dj jeä hqlafr®kh
2]
Ökh
jkq we;s w;r" tu.ska" fuu wxYfhys †.=ld,Sk 13]
jr®Ok YlH;dj <Ûd lr .ekSug msájy,la fi!†
wrdìh
,efnkq we;' 2]

jrdh yd .=jka f;dgqfmd< wdY%s; lghq;= mqΩ,a fkor®,ka;h

2]
ùu iuÛ keõ l=,S iy .=jka l=,S u.ska jQ NdKav tlai;a
rdcOdksh
m%jdyk .dia;= ,eîï 2016 jifr® ° jr®Okh úh' cmdkh 9]
2]
m%Odk jYfhka fld<U jrdfhys NdKav" nyÆï iy cr®uksh
6]
m%;skeõ.; ls¯ï yeisrùïj, m˙udj by< hEu" lekvdj
2]
2016 jifr® ° fuu fiajdj,ska jQ o< ,eîï t'c' m%xYh
5]
fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"177 la olajd ishhg 6'3 lska wefu˙ld tlai;a
by< hEug fya;= úh' fld<U cd;Hka;r nyÆ ckmoh
3]
mr®hka;fhys mQr®K Od˙;djfhka fufyhqï ud,†jhsk
5]
lghq;= wdrïN lr .; jQ fojk jifr® ° reishdj ´iafÜ%,shdj
nyÆ tall ñ,shk 2 ys lvbu miq ls¯u fuu 3] 4]
uQ,h( YS% ,xld ixpdrl ixjr®Ok wêld˙h
jr®Okh i|yd m%Odk jYfhka ∞hl úh' fï w;r"
Y%S ,xldfõ kdúl wxYfha YlH;djh cd;Hka;r 2016 jifr® °" wm%sldj yer wfkl=;a m%Odk
jYfhka we.hSug ,la lrñka" isx.mamQrefõ l,dm ish,a,lska u jQ ixpdrl meñ”ï jr®Okh

f.da,Sh jrdh ixioh (Global Ports Forum) úiska
2017 jifr® fmnrjd˙ udih ;=< ° ol=Kq wdishdfõ
fyd|u mr®hka;h f,i ol=Kq wdishdkq msúiqï
mr®hka;h iïudkhg md;% lrkq ,eîh'
úfoaY .uka iy ixpdrl fiajd
Y%S ,xldfõ wdr®:ßlfhys úfoaY úksuh Wmhk
m%Odk wxYhla jk ixpdrl lr®udka;h" 2016 jir
;=< ° wLKavj jr®Okh úh' b;sydifha m<uq jrg
ñ,shk foflys ikaêia:dkh miq lrñka 2016
jifr® ° ixpdrl meñ”ï ixLHdj 2"050"832 la
olajd ishhg 14'0 l lemS fmfkk jdr®Isl
jr®Okhla jdr®;d lf<ah' ixpdrl lr®udka;h
wdY%s; há;, myiqlï ixjr®Okh iy ta i|yd l<
wdfhdack ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< hEu" kj .=jka
fiajd yd u.S fk!ld fiajd l%shd;aul ùu;a iu`.
iïnkaO;d jeä†hqKq ùu iy úúO rgj,g wkkH jQ
m%jr®Ok jevigyka †h;a ls¯u" fuu wdlr®I”h
jr®Okh i|yd ∞hl úh' f,dalfha m%Odk ixpdrl
.ukdka;j, N+-foaYmd,ksl wúksYaÑ;;djhka
jr®Okh ùu o Y%S ,xldjg ixpdrlhska wdlr®IKh
lr .ekSu i|yd Wmld¯ úh'
5
úh' ngysr hqfrdamh ixpdrl meñ”ïj,ska
ishhg 31'4 la ksfhdackh lrñka ixpdrl l,dm
w;=˙ka ;j≥rg;a Y%S ,xldfõ úYd,;u ixpdrl
m%Njh f,i mej;s w;r" fuu l,dmfhka meñ◊
ixpdrlhska ixLHdj 643"333 la olajd ishhg
16'5 lska jr®Okh úh' uq`M ixpdrl meñ”ïj,ska
kef.kysr wdishdfjka meñ◊ ixpdrlhskaf.a
m%;sY;h 2010 jifr® isg wLKavj jr®Okh fjñka
2010 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ ishhg 10'5 g idfmalaIj
2016 jifr® ° ishhg 20'7 la olajd by< .sh
w;r" Ökfhka jQ ixpdrl meñ”ïys w;s úYd,
jr®Okh fï i|yd fya;= úh' 2016 jifr® °
ixpdrl meñ”ï 356"729 la jdr®;d lrñka
bka†hdj ixpdrlhska meñfKk rgj,a w;r m%:u
ia:dkfhys o fojkqj Ökh o wk;=rej ms<sfj<ska
tlai;a rdcOdksh" cr®uksh iy m%xYh o úYd,;u
ixpdrl m%Njhka f,i mej;=◊' 2016 jifr® ° Y%S
,xldjg meñ◊ ixpdrlhskaf.ka ishhg 51'0 la u
fuu rgj,a mfyka meñK ;snqKq w;r" tu.ska
ixpdrl fj<|fmd< flakaø.; ùu ms<sìUq úh'
Ökfhka meñ◊ ixpdrlhska ixLHdj 271"577 la
f,i jdr®;d lrñka Y%S ,xldfõ ixpdrl meñ”ïys

173
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

jr®Okh i|yd by<u ∞hl;ajh Ökfhka wfkl=;a há;, myiqlï ixjr®Okh ùu ixpdrl
,nd≥ka w;r" bka†hdj iy tlai;a rdcOdksh Bg bmehSïj, ys;lr jr®Okhg m%Odk jYfhka
wk;=rej by<u ∞hl;ajhka ,nd≥◊' ixpdrlhska fya;= úh' l%fudamdhsl wf,úlrK jevigyka iy
meñ”fï wruqK ie,lSfï ° nyq;rhla ^ishhg rfÜ ixpdrl lr®udka;h wdY%s; há;, myiqlï
83'4 la& úfõlh .; ls¯u i|yd furgg by< kexùu i|yd wLKavj wdfhdackh ls¯u
meñK we;' 2016 jifr®° jHdmdr lghq;= i|yd Tiafia Y%S ,xldfõ ikakdu jákdlu by< kexùu
meñ◊ ixpdrlhska ixLHdj ishhg 1'8 la jQ i|yd .kq ,enQ m%h;akhka iuÛ ixpdrl wxYfha
w;r" «;s ñ;%d°ka uqK .eiSu" wd.ñl yd l%shdld˙;ajfhys olakg ,efnk jr®Ok m%jK;dj
ixialD;sl lghq;=" rdcld¯" /iaùï" †˙.ekaùï" wLKavj b†˙ jirj,°;a mj;skq we;ehs wfmalaId
iïuka;%K yd m%or®Yk (MICE), fi!LH" wOHdmkh flfrhs' fï w;r" 2016 jifr® ° ixpdrl fiajd
yd l%Svd lghq;= jeks wfkl=;a wruqKq i|yd meñ◊ i|yd jQ f.ùï o t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"542 la olajd
ixpdrlhska ixLHdj uq`M ixpdrl meñ”ïj,ska ishhg 8'6 lska jr®Okh ù we;ehs weia;fïka;=
m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg 14'8 la úh' lr we;' fuu jr®Okh o iu`. úfoaY .uka iy
2016 jifr® ° ixpdrl bmehSï wLKavj ixpdrl fiajd Wm wxYfhys t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
jr®Okh jQ w;r" tu.ska fiajd .sKqu Yla;su;a 1"977 l w;s˙la;hla jdr®;d úh'
úh' ixpdrl meñ”ï by< hEu iy ixpdrlfhl= 2016 jifr® ° ixpdrl wxYfha wdfhdack
furg .; lrk ld,h yd is≥lrk úhoï m%udKh ;j≥rg;a mq`M,a úh' 2015 jifr® ° wkqu; jQ
by< hEu fya;=fjka ixpdrl bmehSï 2015 jifr® fydag,a jHdmD;s 37 iu`. iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® °
jdr®;d l< t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"981 g idfmalaIj t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 126 l wdfhdackhla iys; ldur
2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 3"518 la olajd 1"526 lska iukaú; kj fydag,a jHdmD;s 41 la i|yd
ishhg 18'0 lska jr®Okh úh' ixpdrlhskaf.a wkque;sh ,eî we;' jir ;=< ° ixpdrl lafIa;%hg
úhoï iy ixpdrlfhl= furg .; lrk ld,h ldur 1"569 la tl;= lrñka Ieka.%s,d" wdr® whs hQ
ms<sn|j Y%S ,xld ixpdrl ixjr®Ok wêld˙h úiska iy fniaÜ fjiagr®ka we;=Ω cd;Hka;r fydag,a
is≥ lrk ,o kj;u jdr®Isl iólaIKhg wkqj" lsysmhla ish fufyhqï lghq;= wdrïN l<
ixpdrlfhl=f.a idudkH ffoksl úhou 2015 w;r" yhÜ" fIrgka" whs à iS iy fklaiaÜ jeks

5
jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ t'c' fvd,r® 164'1 isg 2016 jifr® ° m%Odk fydag,a jHdmD;s lsysmhla ish b†ls¯ï
t'c' fvd,r® 168'2 la olajd by< f.dia we;' ;jo" lghq;= wLKavj is≥ lf<ah' ;jo" 2016 jifr® °
2016 jifr® ° ixpdrlfhl= furg .; l< idudkH w;s iqfLdamfNda.S nx.,d" ksjdvq ksfla;k"
ld,h †k 10'2 la f,i weia;fïka;= lr we;s w;r" ixpdrl i;aldr ksjdi" fm!rd◊l ksjdi" nx.,d
th 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ †k 10'1 g idfmalaIj iy l=,shg .;a uy,a ksjdi wd° jQ ixpdrl
iq`M jr®Okhls' ixpdrl m%jr®Ok lghq;= mq`M,a ùu lafIa;%fha w;sfr®l wdh;k ixLHdj 1"558 la olajd
iy hqO .egqï ksud ùfuka miq fydag,a yd ta wdY%s; wdh;k 149 lska by< .sh w;r" ldur Od˙;dj
11"535 la olajd ldur 833 lska jr®Okh úh'
5'9 rEm igyk
2020 jk úg ixpdrl meñ”ï ñ,shk 4'5 l
ixpdrl meñŒï iy bmehSï
wjYH;d imqrd,Su i|yd ldur 75"000 la b† ls¯fï
2,400 2,051 4,000 rcfha b,lalh <`.d lr .ekSug fuu kj fydag,a
3,500 jHdmD;s Wmld¯ jkq we;'
2,000 3,518
1,798
ixpdrl meñ”ï ^000z&

3,000
rfgys kef.kysr iy W;=re m<d;aj,
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk

1,600 1,527 2,981

2,500
1,275
2,431
ixpdrl lr®udka;fha by< úNj;djka Wlyd
1,200 2,000
1,006 .ekSu i|yd foaYSh yd úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhskaf.a
1,715 1,500
800 wjOdkh fhduq ùu;a iu`. tu m<d;aj, ixpdrl
400
1,039
1,000
lr®udka;h wLKavj jr®Okh úh' fuu jr®Okh
500
ms<sìUq lrñka" .egqïld¯ ;;a;ajhka ksud
0 0
ùfuka wk;=rej kef.kysr yd W;=re m<d;aj,
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
úfYaIfhkau mdisl=vd" ks,dfõ,s iy hdmkfha
ixpdrl meñ”ï ixpdrl bmehSï ^ol=Kq wlaIh& ixpdrl lr®udka;h wdY%s; kj jHdmD;s /ila
uQ,h( Y%S ,xld ixpdrl ixjr®Ok wêld˙h ksu lr we;' óg wu;rj" W;=r iy kef.kysrg

174
 úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s

5'7 ixLHd igyk

ixpdrl wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh

jdr®Isl fjkiaùu
YSr®Ih 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w&
^]& 2016
ixpdrl meñ”ï ^ixLHdj& 1,005,605 1,274,593 1,527,153 1,798,380 2,050,832 14.0
meñ”fï wruqK wkqj ixpdrlhska .Kk
úfkda∞iajdoh 748,436 915,208 1,037,644 1,198,240 1,710,027 42.7
jHdmdr 90,040 67,946 20,270 23,323 37,121 59.2
fjk;a 167,129 291,439 469,239 576,817 303,684 -47.4
ixpdrlhska .; l< rd;S% .Kk ^oyia& 10,056 10,909 15,119 18,163 20,918 15.2
ldur Wmfhdack wkqmd;h ^]& 71.2 71.7 74.3 74.5 74.8 0.4
o< ixpdrl ,eîï ^re' ñ,shk& 132,427 221,720 317,479 405,492 512,373 26.4
tal mqoa., ixpdrl ,eîï ^re'& 131,688 173,954 207,889 225,476 249,837 10.8
uqΩ fiajd kshqla;sh ^ixLHdj& ^wd& 162,869 270,150 299,890 319,436 335,659 5.1
Rcq fiajd kshqla;sh 67,862 112,550 129,790 135,930 146,115 7.5
jl% fiajd kshqla;sh 95,007 157,600 170,100 183,506 189,544 3.3
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,hka( YS% ,xld ixpdrl ixjr®Ok wêld˙h
^wd& weia;fïka;= YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

wh;a hdmkfha iy ukakdru wjg msysá ¥m;aj,
iy uq,;sõ yd l=Épfõ,s m%foaYj, kj ixpdrl
jHdmD;s msysgqùug fhdackd b†˙m;a lr we;' ;jo"
l,amsáfha taldnoaO ixpdrl ksfla;k jHdmD;s
jeä†hqKq ls¯u" foaoa≥fõ ixpdrl ksfla;khla iy
úfkda∞iajdoh imhk ia:dkhla ixjr®Okh ls¯u
i|yd Y%S ,xld wdfhdack uKav,h u.ska fhdackd
b†˙m;a lr we;'
wfkl=;a ixpdrl lafIa;%hg w∞< wdh;k iu`.
tlaj ksjdvqj .; ls¯u i|yd furgg jeäu
ms˙ila meñfKk 2016 foieïnr® udifha ° Tjqkag
úfkdaoh iemhSu i|yd ixialD;sl ixor®Yk"
ld,Sk úfYaIdx." wdydr m%jr®Ok jevigyka"
m%or®Yk iy úfkdao l%Svd we;=<;a jQ ieKfl<shla
ixúOdkh lf<ah' ixpdrl lr®udka;fha jr®Ok
úNj;djhka y∫kd f.k" 2017 jir i|yd jQ
whjeh u.ska Y%S ,xldfõ ixpdrl lr®udka;fha

Y%S ,xldfõ ixpdrl lr®udka;fha m%ñ;sh
jeä†hqKq ls˙u i|yd taldnoaO m%h;ak /ila f.k
we;' 1968 iy 1999 jirj, ° ksr®udKh l< fmr
jr®.SlrKh fjkqjg 2016 wfm%a,a udifha ° Y%S
,xld ixpdrl ixjr®Ok wêld˙h úiska ixpdrl
fydag,a i|yd kj jr®.SlrKhla y∫kajd fok ,°'
kj jr®.SlrK wjYH;djh hgf;a" Y%S ,xldfõ
ixpdrl ixjr®Ok wêld˙h iu`. ,shdm†xÑ ù we;s
ishÆu ixpdrl fydag,a úiska ;re jr®.SlrKhla
,nd .; hq;= w;r" th iEu wjqre≥ ;=klg jrla u
kej; jr®.SlrKh l< hq;= h' ;jo" 2016 jifr®
whjeh wkqj" ixpdrl fiajdj kshdukh ls¯u iy
tys .=Kd;aulNdjh jeä†hqKq ls¯fï wruq◊ka
ixpdrl lr®udka;fha wúêu;a wxYh" úêu;a wxYh
;=<g wka;r®.%yKh lr .ekSu i|yd jevigykla
wdrïN lrk ,°' Y%S ,xld ixpdrl ixjr®Ok
wêld˙h" Y%S ,xld ixpdrl m%jr®Ok ldr®hdxYh"
Y%S ,xld ixpdrl fiajd yd fydag,a l<ukdlrK
wdh;kh iy Y%S ,xld iïuq;s ldr®hdxYh wka;r®.;
jk §Y%S ,xld ixpdrl fiajdj¶ 2016 jifr® uehs
udifha ° ish iajr®K chka;sh ieurE w;r" fuu
wjia:djg iu.dój jevigyka rdYshla ixúOdkh
lf<ah' Y%S ,xld ixpdrl ixjr®Ok wêld˙h"
5
;sridr ixjr®Okhla wruqKq fldgf.k" m%Odk
jYfhka ixpdrl lr®udka;fha .=Kd;aulNdjh
iy ixpdrl wdlr®IKh jeä†hqKq ls¯ug
/iaùï" †˙.ekaùï" iïuka;%K yd m%or®Yk hk
ixpdrl jHdmdrh jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd iïuka;%K
uOHia:dkhla f.dvke.Sug iy ixpdrl ixúOdk
i|yd uQ,Huh iydh fhdackd l%uhla we;s ls¯ug
fhdackd lsysmhla y∫kajd ° we;'
f,dalfha m%Odk;u iy jvd;au wdlr®I”h
ixpdrl .ukdka;j,ska tlla f,i Y%S ,xldjg
kula †kd .ekSug Y%S ,xld ixpdrl m%jr®Ok
ldr®hdxYh u.ska wdrïN l< b,lal.; m%jr®Ok
jevigyka Wmld¯ úh' ixpdrl m%jr®Okfha
jeo.;alu y∫kd .ksñka" 2016 jifr® ° Y%S ,xld
ixpdrl m%jr®Ok ldr®hdxYh úiska rgg wdfõ◊l jQ
l%fudamdhsl wf,úlrK ie,eiau wLKavj is≥ l<
w;r" m%Odk fj<|fmd<j, ixpdrl i,ams,a i|yd
iyNd.s ùu" fj<| iuqΩ iy m%pdrK jevigyka
meje;aùu jeks l%shdldrlï is≥ lf<ah' tlai;a
rdcOdksfha Wux ≥ï˙h moaO;sh ;=< m%pdrK lghq;=
is≥ ls¯u jeks f.da,Sh t<suyka m%jr®Ok lghq;= o
keIk,a ‚fhda.%eµsla (National Geographic) yd îîiS

175
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
jhs,aâ ,hsµa (BBC Wild Life) jeks ms<s.;a rEmjdyskS
jevigyka yryd m%pdrKh ls¯u o fuhg we;=<;a fõ'
óg wu;rj" Y%S ,xld ixpdrl m%jr®Ok ldr®hdxYh
2016 jifr® ° úfYaIfhkau by< fmf<a
ixpdrlhska b,lal lr .ksñka ixpdrl íf,d.a
igykalrejkaf.a jevigyka" ux.; m%pdrK
jevigyka" fjí ±kaùï" b,lal.; úoHq;a ;eme,a yd
iudc udOH cd, jevigyka hkd†h yryd ä‚g,a
m%pdrKh is≥ lrñka wka;r®cd,h mokï lr.;a
m%jr®Ok lghq;= by< kexùh' m%Odk fmf<a iajdëk
jHdmdr ;lafiare iud.ula jk n%Ekaâ µskEkaia
wdh;kh úiska .Kkh lrk ,o Y%S ,xldfõ
cd;sl ikakdu jákdlu t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 74 la
olajd by< kxjñka rfgys fY%a◊.; ls¯u 2015
jifr® ° jQQ 57 jk ia:dkfha isg 2016 jifr® °
55 jk ia:dkh olajd f.k taug fuu m%jr®Ok
jevigyka Wmld¯ úh' óg wu;rj" Y%S ,xld
ixpdrl m%jr®Ok ldr®hdxYh úiska is≥ l< M,∞hS
iy wLKav m%jr®Ok lghq;=j, m%;sM,hla f,i"
ixpdrl lghq;= yd iïnkaO fndfyda wdh;k
úiska 2016 yd 2017 jifr® ° ixpdrh ls¯ug fyd|u
.ukdka; w;rg Y%S ,xldj kï lr we;'
miq.sh jir lsysmh ;=< is≥ lrk ,o m%n,
m%jr®Ok jevigyka iy ixpdrl lr®udka;h wdY%s;
há;, myiqlï ixjr®Okh ls¯ug .kakd ,o
mshjr furgg úfoaY ixpdrlhska wdlr®IKh lr
5
.ekSug Wmld¯ jqj o" Y%S ,xldj ;ju;a f.da,Sh
fj<|fmd< ;=< ;u mQr®K úNj;dj <`.d lr f.k
fkdue;' 2016 jir ;=< ° Y%S ,xldj ñ,shk 2 l
ixpdrlhska ixLHdjla wdlr®IKh lr.;a w;r"
isx.mamQrej" ;dhsjdkh iy fydxfldx jeks w.aks†.
wdishdkq l,dmfha rgj,a fj; jirlg ñ,shk
10 lg jvd jeä ixpdrl meñ”ï jdr®;d lr
we;' Y%S ,xldj ±kgu;a wdhqr®fõo ffjoH úoHdj
iy Wiia ;;a;ajfha fm!oa.,sl fi!LH myiqlï
iemhSu w;ska ;r.ld¯ uÜgul isák neúka
ffjoH ixpdrl jHdmdrh iy m˙ir ys;ldó
ixpdrl jHdmdrh jeks wxY ;=<ska ish úNj;dj
jeä†hqKq lr .ekSug yelshdj we;' ixpdrl
lr®udka;fha jr®Ok m%jK;djg Y%u ys`.h u.ska
kq≥re wkd.;fha ndOd t,a, úh yels neúka
rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha yjq,ald˙;ajhla f,i
i;aldrl fiajd lr®udka;h i|yd Y%ñlhska mqyqKq
ls¯ug ksis hdka;%Khla ksr®udKh l< hq;=h'
i;aldrl l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| mqyqKq mdGud,d
iSudjdisl jevigyka iu`. noaO lrñka m%dfoaYSh
uÜgñka m%jr®Okh l< hq;=h' ;jo" ldur Od˙;dj
jeä†hqKq ls¯ug f.k we;s l%shdudr®. o wLKavj
is≥ l< hq;=h' wvq úhoï ±¯ug leu;s ixpdrlhska
176
w;r ixpdrl i;aldr ksjdi m%p,s; fjñka mej;Su
fya;=fjka rfgys †.= ld,Sk ;r.ld˙;ajh mj;ajd
.ekSug Wiia m%ñ;Ska wjYH jk neúka wúêu;a
wxYfha kjd;eka myiqlï m%ñ;slrKh ls¯u
b;d jeo.;a fõ' fï w;ru" Y%S ,xldfõ mj;sk
ixpdrl l%shdldrlï úúOdx.SlrKh ls¯ug
m%;sm;a;suh uQ,drïNhla wjYH jk w;r" ±kg
fkdfjkiaj mj;skakd jQ ixpdrlfhl= furg .;
lrk idudkH rd;%S .Kk jr®Okh lr .ekSug
úfkda∞iajdoh i|yd jk ixpdrl fiajd yd úfkdao
l%Svd i|yd jk ixpdrl fiajd jeks ixpdrl
lr®udka;fha miq.dó lafIa;% flfrys jvd jeä
wjOdkhla fhduq l< hq;=h'
úÿ,s ikafoaY" mß.Kl iy f;dr;=re fiajd
2016 jifr® ° ú≥,s ikafoaY" m˙.Kl iy
f;dr;=re fiajd wmkhk bmehSïj, jr®Okhla
jdr®;d úh' 2016 jifr® ° ú≥,s ikafoaY" m˙.Kl
iy f;dr;=re fiajd u; jQ o< ,eîï" 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 805 g idfmalaIj
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 858 la olajd ishhg 6'6 lska
jr®Okh úh' jir ;=< ° ú≥,s ikafoaY Wm wxYfhys
uq`M bmehSï m%udKh 2015 jifr® t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 128 isg 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
134 la olajd uOHia: jr®Okhla jdr®;d lf<ah'
wka;r®cd,h u; mokï jQ ikaksfõok fiajdjka
Ndú;h by< hEu fuu wxYfhys bmehSï by<
hEu i|yd fya;= jQ kuq;a" cd;Hka;r iDcq ≥rl:k
weu;=ï fiajdjka Ndú;h wvq ùu fuu wxYfhys
jr®Okh iSud lf<ah' ú≥,s ikafoaY lr®udka;fhys
ä‚g,alrKh jeks wxYj, wLKav ;dlaI◊l
kfjda;amdok fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® ° wêfõ.S
wka;r®cd, myiqlï Ndú;h iy pkaøsld iy /yeka
iys; rEmjdyskS myiqlï Ndú;h jeä†hqKq jQ w;r"
th fuu wxYfhys wd∞hï W;amdokh by< kexùug
∞hl úh' 2016 jifr® ° ú≥,s ikafoaY wxYfhys jeo.;a
ikaêia:dkhla iksgqyka lrñka w.aks†. wdishdkq-
ueofmr†.-ngysr hqfrdamd 5 (SEA-ME-WE 5)
flan,a moaO;s uOHia:dkh ud;r ° újD; úh2' fuu
jHdmD;sh ;=<ska Y%S ,xldfõ f.da,Sh iïnkaO;d
ms<sn| úYajikSh;ajh by< kexfjk w;r" tu.ska
ú≥,s ikafoaY lr®udka;fhys ue† yd †.= ld,Sk
l%shdld˙;ajh jeä†hqKq jkq we;'
fï w;r" 2016 jifr® ° m˙.Kl iy f;dr;=re
fiajd Wm wxYfhys jr®Ok m%jK;dj wLKavj
mej;=◊' m˙.Kl iy f;dr;=re fiajdj, bmehSï
2 SEA - ME - WE 5 hkq" uydoaùm ;=kla mqrd rgj,a oyihla iïnkaO flfrk
w;s kùk uqyqo háka †fjk /yeka moaO;shls'

2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 724 la olajd
ishhg 7'0 lska jr®Okh úh' fuu jr®Okh i|yd
m%Odk jYfhka ∞hl jQfha jHdmdr l%shdj,s ndysr
uQ,dY% fj; mej¯u (BPO) iy ±kqu mokï lr
.;a jHdmdr l%shdj,s ndysr uQ,dY% fj; mej¯u
(KPO) we;=<;a uD≥ldx. iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh
mokï lr.;a fiajdj, (ITES) YS>% jr®Okhhs'
f,dal wdr®:ßl ixioh (World Economic Forum)
úiska m%ldYhg m;a lrkq ,nk" wdr®:ßlhka úiska
;r.ld˙;ajh iy iqNidOkh jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd
f;dr;=re iy ikaksfõok ;dlaIKhka úiska ,nd
fok wjia:djka m%fhdackhg .kakd wdldrh ukskq
,nk or®Ylhla jk "Networked Readiness Index"
keue;s or®Ylh wkqj" Y%S ,xldj 2016 jifr® °
rgj,a tlish ;sia kjhlaa w;˙ka yeg ;=ka jk
ia:dkh ysñ lr f.k we;' fuu wxYfhys jr®Ok
YlH;djh y∫kd .ksñka uD≥ldx. iy f;dr;=re
;dlaIKh mokï lr.;a fiajdj,g wjYH
uQ,sldx.j,g wkql+, jk f,i 2017 whjefhka
fhdackd lr we;s m˙†" kuHYS,S fiajd ld,hka"
fldka;%d;a moku u; jQ fiajd kshqla;s wjia:djka
iy ldr®hidOkh u; mokï jQ fõ;k hkd†hg
w∞< lïlre kS;s ixfYdaOkh ls¯ug rch
n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' tfukau" by< ksmqK;ajhlska
hq;= Y%u n,ldhla we;s ls¯u" mq`M,a jQ kshduk
rduqjla ieliSu iy kùk há;, myiqlï we;s
ls¯u" fuu wxYfhys mQr®K YlH;djh <Ûd lr
.ekSu i|yd w;HjYH fõ'
5'4'2 m%d:ñl wdodhu
2016 jifr® ° m%d:ñl wd∞hï .sKqfï
ysÛh mq`M,a úh' ixÑ; j;alï wdfhdackh ;=<ska
,o bmehSï my< hEu iu`. fmd,S f.ùï iy
m%;swdfhdack bmehSï yd ,dNdxY f,i jQ f.ùï
by< hEu m%d:ñl wd∞hï .sKqfï ys`.h mq`M,a
ùu i|yd uQ,sl jYfhka fya;= úh' ta wkqj"
2015 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"013 la jQ
m%d:ñl wd∞hï .sKqfï ysÛh 2016 jir ;=< °
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"184 la olajd ishhg 8'5 lska
jr®Okh úh' 2015 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 127 la jQ
m%d:ñl wd∞hï .sKqu fj; jQ ,eîï" 2016 jr®Ih
;=< ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 120 la olajd my<
.sfhah' jir ;=< ° o< ks, ixÑ;j, my< hEu;a
iu`. ixÑ; j;alï wdfhdackh ;=<ska ,o bmehSï
my< hEu m%d:ñl wd∞hï .sKqfï ,eîï wvq ùug
fya;= úh' fï w;r" 2015 ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
2"140 la jQ m%d:ñl wd∞hï .sKqfï uqΩ f.ùï
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s
2016 jir ;=< ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"304 la
úh' fmr jir yd iei£fï ° 2016 jir ;=< °
úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhska úiska iDcq wdfhdack jHdmdr
u; bmehQ ,dNh u.ska ,dNdxY f,i ;u rg fj;
fm%aIKh lrk ,o iy m%;swdfhdackh lrk ,o
m%udKhkays ie,lsh hq;= by< hEula ±lsh yels úh'
tys m%;sM,hla f,i" 2015 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 787 l w.hl mej;s iDcq wdfhdack
jHdmdrhkays ,dNdxY f.ùï iy m%;swdfhdack
bmehSï" 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 953 la
olajd jeä úh' fï w;r" úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhska i;=
fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr m%udKh
wvq jQ neúka 2016 jir ;=< ° úúO wdfhdack
u; jQ fmd,S f.ùï my; jegq◊' fï wkqj" úúO
wdfhdack u; jQ fmd,S f.ùï 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 764 l isg 2016 jifr® ° t'c'
fvd,r® ñ,shk 756 la olajd my< .sfhah' flfia
kuq;a" kj cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr ksl=;=j
fya;=fjka cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr u; jQ
fmd,S f.ùï wLKavj jr®Okh úh' ;jo" 2016
jifr® °" úfoaYSh Kh i|yd jQ fmd,S f.ùïj,ska
iukaú; m%d:ñl .sKqfï wfkl=;a wdfhdack
f.ùï iq`M jYfhka jr®Okh úh' rch i;= jd◊c
jHjidhhkaf.a úfoaY Kh j.lSï by< hEfï
m%;sM,hla f,i" tu wdh;k úiska ,nd .;a Kh
5
i|yd fmd,S f.ùï l%ufhka by< hEu úfoaY Kh
i|yd jQ fmd,S f.ùï by< hEu i|yd fya;= úh'
flfia fj;;a" rcfha jHdmD;s Kh i|yd jQ fmd,S
f.ùï wdikak jYfhka fmr jifr® jdr®;d jQ
uÜgfï u fkdfjkiaj mej;=◊'
5'4'3 oaú;Shsl wdodhu
2015 jifr® ° iq`M wvq ùula jdr®;d l<" fm!oa.,sl
yd rcfha ixl%duj,ska iukaú;" oaú;Shsl wd∞hï
.sKqu hï m%udKhlg h:d ;;a;ajhg m;a fjñka
2016 jifr® ° uOHia: jr®Okhla jdr®;d lf<ah'
oaú;Shsl wd∞hï .sKqfï ,eîïys nyq;rhla i|yd
∞hl;ajh imhk úfoaY fiajd kshqla;slhskaf.a
fm%aIK" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 0'5 l
wvq ùug idfmalaIj t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 7"242 la
olajd ishhg 3'7 l uOHia: jr®Okhla jdr®;d
lf<ah' fï w;r" 2016 jifr® ° rcfha ixl%du
,eîï my; jegq◊' tys m%;sM,hla f,i" oaú;Shsl
wd∞hï .sKqu fj; jQ ,eîï" fmr jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 7"007 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® °
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 7"260 la olajd ishhg 3'6 lska
jr®Okh úh' úfoaY fiajd kshqla;slhskaf.a fm%aIKj,
idfmalaI wvq jr®Ok fõ.h i|yd N+-foaYmd,ksl
177
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
wia:djr;ajh iy f;,a ñ, my< hEu fya;=fjka
ueo fmr†. rgj,aj, wd∞hï uÜgu my< hEu
m%Odk jYfhka ∞hl jQ fya;= úh yelsh' ;jo"
mqyqKq iy .Dy fiaúldjka o we;=<;a wr®O mqyqKq
yd kqmqyqKq hkd° ldKav hgf;a jQ Y%u ixl%uK
2016 jifr® ° ishhg 8'6 lska my< hEu o
úfoaY fiajd kshqla;slhskaf.a fm%aIK ukao.dó
ùug fya;= úh' .Dy fiaúldjka we;=`M wr®O mqyqKq
iy kqmqyqKq ldKav hgf;a Y%u ixl%uKh my< hEu
flfrys wvq mqyqKqjla iys; ldka;d Y%u ixl%uKh
wffOr®hu;a ls¯u i|yd Y%S ,xld úfoaY fiajd
kshqla;s ldr®hdxYh úiska .kakd ,o l%shdudr®.
fya;= úh' ;j o" úfoaY Y%u ixl%uK my< hEu
i|yd" Y%S ,dxlsl ixl%u◊l Y%ñlhkaf.a m%Odk
.ukdka;hla jk fi!† wrdìfha Y%u fj<|fmd<
;=< iajfoaYslhkaf.a ∞hl;ajh by< kexùu
wruqKq lr.;a m%;sm;a;s ;=<ska mkjk ,o iSud
ls¯ï o fya;= úh' flfia fj;;a" Y%S ,xld úfoaY
fiajd kshqla;s ldr®hdxYh úiska ksl=;a lr we;s
o;a;j,g wkqj jD;a;Shfõ°kaf.a ldKavh hgf;a
jk Y%u ixl%uKh jir ;=< ° ishhg 5'1 lska
jr®Okh ù we;s w;r" th miq.sh jir lsysmh
;=< fmkakqï l< úfoaY fiajd kshqla;slhskaf.a
fm%aIKj, ixhq;sfhys fjkiaùu ;j≥rg;a mj;ajd
.ekSuls'
5
5'5 cx.u .sKqfï fYaIh
fiajd iy oaú;Shsl wd∞hï .sKqïj,
w;s˙la;hka yuqfõ jqj o" fj<| yd m%d:ñl wd∞hï
.sKqïj, ys`.hka by< hEu fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® °
cx.u .sKqfï ysÛh mqΩ,a úh' wmkhk wd∞hu wvq
ùu;a iu`. wka;r® NdKav iy wdfhdack NdKav
u; jQ wdkhk úhou by< hEu fj<| .sKqfï
fYaIh ie,lsh hq;= f,i ms˙ySug fya;= úh' flfia
kuq;a" m%Odk jYfhka ixpdrl bmehSïys lemS
fmfkk by< hEu fya;=fjka fiajd .sKqu fj; jQ
,eîï jeä ùu iy úfoaY fiajd kshqla;slhskaf.a
fm%aIKj,ska iukaú; jQ oaú;Shsl wd∞hï
.sKqfuys jQ w;s˙la;h" cx.u .sKqfï fj<| yd
m%d:ñl wd∞hï .sKqïj, we;s jQ ysÛh hï ;rulg
mshùug ∞hl úh' tys m%;sM,hla f,i" 2016
jifr® ° cx.u .sKqfï ysÛh" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d
l< t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"883 iuÛ iei£fï °
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"942 la olajd iq`M jYfhka
mqΩ,a úh' ta wkqj" o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i
2015 jifr® ° ishhg 2'3 la jQ cx.u .sKqfï ysÛh
2016 jifr® ° o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg
2'4 olajd iq`M jYfhka jeä úh'
178
5'6 m%d.aOk .sKqfï fYaIh
m%d.aOk .sKqfï w;s˙la;h" 2015 jifr® ° mej;s
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 46 iuÛ iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® °
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 26 l iqΩ w;s˙la;hla jdr®;d
lf<ah' fuh" 2016 jifr® ° rch fj; ,enqKq m%d.aOk
ixl%du wvq ùfuys iy fm!oa.,sl wxYfha m%d.aOk
f.ùï wvq ùfuys iduQysl m%;sM,hls'
5'7 uQ,H .sKqu
2016 jir ;=< ° f.jqï ;=,kfhys uQ,H
.sKqfï Y=oaO úfoaY j.lSï fjkia ùï fukau Y=oaO
uQ,H j;alï w;alr .ekSï o wvq uÜgul mej;=◊'
ta wkqj" 2015 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 3"223 l
Y=oaO fjkia ùula jdr®;d l< úfoaYSh j.lSï 2016
jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"199 l Y=oaO fjkia
ùula jdr®;d lf<ah' fï w;r" 2016 jifr® ° Y=oaO
uQ,H j;alï w;alr .ekSï" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d
l< t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 911 iu`. iei£fï °
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 82 la úh' uQ,H .sKqu fj; jQ
,eîï wvq uÜgul mej;Su u.ska úfoaYSh iDcq
wdfhdack iy fld<U fldgia fj<|fmdf<ys
úfoaYSh wdfhdack jYfhka jQ m%d.aOk ,eîï
wLKavj uOHia: uÜgul mej;Su ms<sìUq lf<ah'
f.da,Sh fmd,S wkqmd; by< hEu;a" tlai;a ckmo
wdr®:ßlfha jr®Ok m%jK;djh;a yuqfõ" úfYaIfhkau
rcfha remsh,a iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmd< fj;ska
wdfhdack bj;a lr .ekSu fya;=fjka 2016 jir
;=< ° ie,lsh hq;= m%d.aOk f.ùï m%udKhlg
uqyqK°ug Y%S ,xldjg is≥ úh'
5'10 rEm igyk
uQ,H .sKqu
2,000
1,500
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
1,000
500
0
-500
iDcq úúO wfkl=;a iDcq úúO wfkl=;a
wdfhdack wdfhdack wdfhdack wdfhdack wdfhdack wdfhdack
uQ,H j.lSïys Y=oaO uQ,H j;alïys Y=oaO
fjkiaùï w;alr .ekSï
2015 2016
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
 úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s

5'8'w ixLHd igyk 2016 jifr® ° m%d.aOk .,dhEï wLKavj

uQ,H .sKqu is≥ ùu" Kh wdmiq f.ùï by< uÜgul mej;Su
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
iy uQ,H .sKqu fj; jQ ,eîï uOHia: uÜgul
2015 ^w&
uQ,H uQ,H
2016 ^wd&
uQ,H uQ,H mej;Su fya;=fjka jir ;=< ° úfoaYSh uQ,Hhk
j;alïys j.lSïys j;alïys j.lSïys
YSr®Ih Y=oO
a Y=oO
a Y=oO
a Y=oO
a
wjYH;djla we;s úh' ta wkqj" t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk
w;alr fjkiaùï w;alr fjkiaùï 1'5 la jQ cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr ksl=;=j"
.ekSï .ekSï
t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 1'1 l l,amsreKq úfoaY úksuh
uQ,H .sKu q 911 3,223 82 2,199
iDcq wdfhdack 53 680 237 898 yqjudre .súiqu mshùfuka wk;=rej we;s lr.;a
ysñlï iy wdfhdack fldgia wruqo,a 53 439 235 709 t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 400 l kj úfoaY úksuh
m%;s wdfhda‚; bmehqï fkdjk ysñlï 53 87 235 260
yqjudre .súiqu iy t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 700 l
iDcq wdfhdaclhka úiska iDcq 53 87 235 260
wdfhdack jHdmdrhkays ld,Sk úfoaY úksuh uQ,H myiqlï" jir ;=< °
wdfhdack uKav,fha - 36 - 107 uQ,H .sKqu Yla;su;a lf<ah' tfukau" f.jqï
,shdm†xÑ iud.ï
wfkl=;a iud.ï - 51 - 153 ;=,khg iy rcfha m%;sixialrK kHdh m;%hg
m%;s wdfhda‚; bmehqï - 352 - 450 iydh ,nd .ekSu i|yd Y%S ,xldj cd'uQ' wruqo, iu`.
wdfhdack uKav,fha - 249 - 318
,shdm†xÑ iud.ï úia;Sr®K Kh myiqlula fj; fhduq úh' ta wkqj"
wfkl=;a iud.ï - 103 - 131
2016 jir ;=< ° Y%S ,xldj úia;Sr®K Kh myiqlfuys
Kh WmlrK - 241 2 189
iDcq wdfhdaclhka úiska iDcq jd˙l folla ,nd .;a w;r tys jákdlu t'c'
- 241 2 189
wdfhdack jHdmdrhkays fvd,r® ñ,shk 332 la úh' fuu l%shdudr®. yuqfõ
wdfhdack uKav,fha
,shdm†xÑ iud.ï
- 202 - 195 jqj o" rcfha remsh,a iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmd< fj;ska
fldgia ysñhkaf.a w;a;sldrï - 126 - 111 úfoaYSh wdfhdack bj;a lr .ekSu iu`. jir ;=<
wka;r® iud.ï Kh - 76 - 84
uQ,H .sKqu fj; jQ ,eîï uOHia: uÜgul mej;=◊'
wfkl=;a iud.ï - 145 - 81
Kh f.ùï - -107 - -87 fuu wiu;=,s;;d uOHfha" kshñ; Kh j.lSï
úúO wdfhdack ... 686 ... 993 mshùug lghq;= ls¯u fukau" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
ysñlï iy wdfhdack fldgia wruqo,a - -60 - 24 úiska foaYSh úfoaY úksuh fj<|fmd<g øjYS,;djh
fld<U fldgia fj<|fmdf<ys
,shdm†xÑ iud.ï
- -60 - 24 iemhSu fya;=fjka 2016 jir ;=< ° o< ks, ixÑ;

5
Kh iq/l=ïm;a ... 747 ... 969 ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq úh'
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k ... - ... -
†.= ld,Sk ... - ... -
rch - 747 - 969
5'7'1 iDcq wdfhdack
flá ld,Sk ^NdKavd.dr ì,am;a& - -392 - 36
†.= ld,Sk - 1,139 - 932
2016 jifr® ° úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack ,eîï
NdKavd.dr ne`≥ïlr - -701 - -361 uOHia: uÜgul mej;=◊' wdfhdack uKav,fha
Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne`≥ïlr - 190 - -207 ,shdm†xÑ iud.ï ,nd.;a Kh o we;=<;a uq`M úfoaYSh
iaffj¯;aj ne`≥ïlr - 1,650 - 1,500
iDcq wdfhdack 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
uQ,H jHq;m
a kak - - - -
wfkl=;a wdfhdack 503 1,857 317 308
1"079 la jQ w;r wdfhdack uKav,fha ,shdm†xÑ
uqo,a iy ;ekam;= 143 1,457 5 -609 iud.ï ,nd .;a Kh bj;a l< miq úfoaYSh
uy nexl=j - 1,098 - -701 iDcq wdfhdack t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 898 la úh'
flá ld,Sk - -2 - -1
†.= ld,Sk - 1,100 - -700
ixikaokd;aul f,i" 2015 jifr® úfoaYSh Kh o
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k 143 359 5 92 we;=<;a uq`M úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack t'c' fvd,r®
flá ld,Sk 152 359 -4 92 ñ,shk 1"160 la jQ w;r" úfoaYSh Kh rys;j iDcq
†.= ld,Sk -9 - 9 -
msgq wxl 181 yd iïnkaOhs''' wdfhdack t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 680 la úh' úfoaYSh
úfYaI;
s whs;uhka iDcq wdfhdack ,eîï wvq uÜgul mej;Su Y%S ,xld
fld<U fldgia fj<|fmd< fj; jQ 4 19 wdr®:ßlh ;=< †.ska †.gu mj;sk .egÆjla jk
uqΩ Y=oaO ,eîï
iDcq wdfhdack 64 -5
w;r" tlai;a ckmofha fµvr,a ixÑ; nexl=j
úúO wdfhdack -60 24 úiska fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< ±óu yuqfõ f.da,Sh
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy ne∫ïlr -1,093 -325 wdr®:ßl b†˙ ±lau fjkia ùu" 2016 jifr®
fj; jQ Y=oaO wdfhdack
úfoaYSh ñ,° .ekSï 1,211 1,237 úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack ukao.dó ùu flfrys
úfoaYSh úl=Kqï 2,304 1,562 n,mEfõh' óg wu;rj" l,dmfha wfkl=;a rgj,a
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j iu`. iei£fï ° fõ;k iy wfkl=;a ksIamdok
^wd& ;djld,sl
ms˙jeh ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< hEu" rg fj;

179
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack wdlr®IKh lr .ekSu
flfrys wjdis∞hl n,mEula we;s ls¯ug fya;= ù
we;' 2016 jifr® uq`M úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack ,eîï
j,ska t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 260 la ysñlï m%d.aOk
fldgiaj, wdfhdack o" t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 450 la
m%;swdfhdackh l< bmehSï o" t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
276 la fldgia ysñhkaf.a w;a;sldrï iy wka;r®
iud.ï Kh o jQ w;r" 2016 jir ;=< ° fldgia
ysñhkaf.a w;a;sldrï iy wka;r® iud.ï Kh
mshùï t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 87 la úh' 2016 jir ;=< °
wdfhdack uKav,fha ,shdm†xÑ iud.ï" tu iud.ï
yd iïnkaO;djhla fkdue;s mdr®Yajhkaf.ka t'c'
fvd,r® ñ,shk 181 l úfoaYSh Kh ,nd f.k we;'
2016 jifr® úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack jeä jYfhka
fhduq jQfha ixpdrl" ú≥,s ikafoaY iy ksIamdok
wxY flfrys h' wdfhdack is≥ l< wdikak;u rg
wkqj .;a l, úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack is≥ l< m%Odk
rgj,a my jQfha uef,aishdj" bka†hdj" fkor®,ka;h"
Ökh iy tlai;a wrdì tór® rdcHhhs' fï w;r"
Y%S ,dxlsl iud.ï úfoaYSh rgj, is≥ l< wdfhdack"
2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 53 iu`.
iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 237 la
olajd jeä úh' úfoaYhkays is≥ l< fuu úfoaYSh
iDcq wdfhdckj, ie,lsh hq;= by< hEu i|yd
Y%S ,dxlsl we`.Æï lr®udka;h úiska is≥ lrk
5
,o úfoaY wdfhdack fya;= úh' Y%S ,dxlsl iud.ï
úiska uQ,sl jYfhka úfoaYSh wdfhdack is≥ lrkq
,enqfõ bka†hdj" úhÜkduh" nx.,dfoaYh" µS‚ iy
ud,†jhsk hk rgj, h'
5'7'2 úúO wdfhdack
ysñlï
iDcq wdfhdack jYfhka jQ ,eîï yereKq úg
fld<U fldgia fj<|fmd< fj; jQ úfoaYSh ,eîï
ms<sìUq flfrk ysñlï fldgia fj; jQ úfoaYSh
wdfhdack 2016 jifr® ° my< uÜgul mej;=◊'
úfoaYSh iDcq wdfhdack i|yd n,mE m˙†u" ke.S
tk wdr®:ßlhkays m%d.aOk fj<|fmd<j,a ms<sn|j
wdfhdaclhska ;=< jQ wfmalaIdjka my< uÜgul
mej;Su" ysñlï wdfhdack i|yd o wLKavj
n,mE w;r" tys m%;sM,hla f,i 2016 jifr® °
fld<U fldgia fj<|fmd< fj; t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 24 l uOHia: Y=oaO ,eîula jdr®;d
úh' fld<U fldgia fj<|fmd< fj; jQ Y=oaO
úfoaYSh wdfhdack" oaú;Shsl fj<|fmd< fj; jQ
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 10 l Y=oaO ,eîï iy
180
m%d:ñl fj<|fmd< fj; jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
14 l ,eîïj,ska iukaú; úh' fuh miq.sh jifr® °
fld<U fldgia fj<|fmd< fj; jQ ukao.dó ,eîï
;j≥rg;a b†˙hg hEula jk w;r" 2015 jifr® °
fld<U fldgia fj<|fmd< fj;ska t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 60 l wdmiq f.ùï jdr®;d úh'
Kh iq/l=ïm;a
Y%S ,xldj cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr
ksl=;a ls¯ï ;=<ska wka;r®cd;sl m%d.aOk fj<|fmd<
fj;ska wruqo,a /ia ls¯u wLKavj is≥ lf<ah' 2016
cQ,s udifha ° Y%S ,xldj t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 1'5 l
jákdlulska hq;= oaú;aj l,ams¯fï ld,hla iys;"
tkï jir 10 l l,ams¯fï ld,hla iys; t'c'
fvd,r® ì,shk 1 la iy jir myudrl l,ams¯fï
ld,hla iys; t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 500 la jYfhka jQ
iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlrh idr®:lj ksl=;a lf<ah' fuh
Y%S ,xldj úiska is≥ lrk ,o oi jk cd;Hka;r
iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr ksl=;=j jk w;r" cd;Hka;r
fj<|fmdf<ys oaú;aj l,a ms¯fï ld,hla
iys; ne∫ïlr ksl=;a l< m<uq wjia:dj úh'
wNsfhda.d;aul f.da,Sh wdr®:ßl m˙irhla ;sìh°;a
Y%S ,xldfõ ue† ld,Sk b†˙ ±lau flfrys úfoaYSh
wdfhdaclhska ;=< we;s wLKav úYajdih ms<sìUq
lrñka l,a ms¯fï ld, fol hgf;a u ksl=;a l<
ne∫ïlrj, fmd,S wkqmd;" tajdfha uQ,sl fmd,S
wkqmd; kshdukhkag jvd wvq w.hla .eksKs'
flfia fj;;a" NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr yd Y%S ,xld
ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr u; jQ úfoaYSh wdfhdack 2016
jir ;=< ° Y=oaO f.ùï jdr®;d lf<ah' ta wkqj"
2016 jifr® ° NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr iy Y%S ,xld
ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr fj;ska jQ Y=oaO f.ùï ms<sfj<ska
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 361 la iy t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
207 la úh' fï w;r" 2016 jir ;=< ° NdKavd.dr
ì,am;a u; jQ úfoaYSh wdfhdack t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 36 l uOHia: Y=oaO ,eîula jdr®;d lf<ah'
tu fya;=fjka" iuqÉÑ; moku u;" 2016 jifr® °
cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr yereKq úg rdcH
iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmd< fj;ska t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
531 l Y=oaO f.ùula jdr®;d jQ w;r" 2015 jifr® °
th t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 903 l Y=oaO f.ùula úh'
5'7'3 fjk;a wdfhdack
uqo,a iy ;ekam;=
2016 jir ;=< °" uqo,a iy ;ekam;= wdY%s;
j.lSïys Y=oaO fjkiaùï ie,lsh hq;= wvq ùula
jdr®;d l< w;r" uqo,a iy ;ekam;= j;alïys
 úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s

5'8'wd ixLHd igyk Y=oaO w;alr .ekSï iq`M jYfhka by< .sfhaah'
uq,H .sKqu 2016 jifr® cqks udifha ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 700 la jQ cd;Hka;r úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .súiqu
2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd& mshùfuys m%;sM,hla f,i uqo,a iy ;ekam;= wdY%s;
uQ,H uQ,H uQ,H uQ,H
j;alïys j.lSïys j;alïys j.lSïys j.lSï wvq úh' t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 400 la jQ
YSr®Ih
Y=oO
a Y=oO
a Y=oO
a Y=oO
a úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .súiqïys b;s˙ fldgi o
w;alr fjkiaùï w;alr fjkiaùï
.ekSï .ekSï 2016 jifr® foieïnr® udifha ° l,amsreKq w;r"
wfkl=;a wdfhdack ^msgq wxl 179 yd iïnkaOhs& tu udih ;=<° u tu jákdlug iudk kj
Kh - 759 - 753 úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .súiqula we;s lr .kakd
uy nexl=j - -507 - -123
cd'uQ' wruqof,ka ,o Kh - -507 - -123
,°' fï w;r" ;ekam;= Ndr .kakd wdh;khkays
iómia: Kh myiqlu - -507 - -455 uqo,a iy ;ekam;= wdY%s; j.lSï o 2016 jifr® °
úia;rS K
® Kh myiqlu - - - 332 t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 92 lska jr®Okh úh'
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k - 787 - -507
flá ld,Sk - 657 - -608
tys m%;sM,hla f,i" uqo,a yd ;ekam;= wdY%s; uq`M
†.= ld,Sk - 131 - 100 j.lSïj, Y=oaO fjkiaùï 2015 jifr® ° jQ t'c'
rch - 470 - 1,287 fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"457 l jeä ùug idfmalaIj 2016
†.= ld,Sk - 470 - 1,287
wfkl=;a wxY ^we& - 9 - 96
jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 609 lska wvq úh'
†.= ld,Sk - 9 - 96 tfukau" ;ekam;= Ndr .kakd wdh;k úiska
fj<| Kh iy w;a;l s drï 116 -401 -67 109 mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk uqo,a iy ;ekam;= j;alïys
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k -30 - -3 -
flá ld,Sk -30 - -3 -
Y=oaO w;aalr .ekSïj,g w∞< .kqfokq 2015 jifr® jQ
wfkl=;a wxY ^wE& 146 -401 -64 109 t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 143 l jeä ùug idfmalaIj
flá ld,Sk 146 -401 -64 109 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 5 l jeä ùula
wfkl=;a ,eìh hq;= $
f.úh hq;= .sKï
q 244 41 379 55 jdr®;d lf<ah'
uy nexl=j - 41 - 55
flá ld,Sk ^b& - 41 - 55 úfoaYSh Kh
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k 244 - 379 -
flá ld,Sk 244 - 379 - 2016 jifr® ° Y=oaO úfoaYSh Kh ,eîï miq.sh
úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï - -

5
jifr® Kh ,eîï yd iudk uÜgul mej;=◊'
ixÑ; j;alï 354 -472 jir ;=< ° rch fj; jQ úfoaYSh Kh ,eîï by<
uQ,H r;%ka -39 -
úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï -2 -5
uÜgul mej;sh o" uy nexl=j" ;ekam;= Ndr .kakd
cd' uQ' wruqof,a ixÑ; uÜgu - - wdh;k iy rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhka úiska is≥
wfkl=;a ixÑ; j;alï 395 -467 lrkq ,enQ Kh wdmiq f.ùï by< hEu fï i|yd
uqo,a iy ;ekam;= 116 -1,267
uQ,H wêld˙fha ysñlï 369 -1,365
m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' tys m%;sM,hla f,i" 2015
wfkl=;a wdh;khkays
-253 98
jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 759 la jQ Y=oaO úfoaYSh
ysñlï Kh ,eîï 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 753 la
iq/l=ïm;a 279 800
Kh iq/l=ïm;a 279 800 úh'
†.= ld,Sk 279 800
úfoaYSh Kh f,i rch fj; jQ Y=oaO ,eîï
uQ,H .sKu
q ^Y=oO
a & -2,312 -2,117
2016 jir ;=< ° lemS fmfkk jr®Okhla jdr®;d
úfYaI;
s whs;uhka lf<ah' ta wkqj" 2016 jifr® rch fj; jQ Y=oaO
rcfha †.= ld,Sk Kh ^Y=oO
a & 470 1,287
,eîï ^Kh uq∞ ye¯ï& 1,268 2,163
,eîï" 2015 jifr® ° jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 470 g
jHdmD;s Kh 1,268 1,278 idfmalaIj t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"287 la úh' fuh
úfoaY úksuh ld,Sk - 700 t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"163 l uq`M †.=ld,Sk Kh
uQ,H myiqlu
jevigyka Kh -
,eîïj,ska iy t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 876 l Kh
185
f.ùï 798 876
wdmiq f.ùïj,ska iukaú; úh' uqΩ Kh ,eîïj,ska
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"278 la jHdmD;s Khj,ska o"
^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhka iy fm!oa.,sl wxYfha iud.ï t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 700 la ld,Sk úfoaY úksuh
we;=<;a fõ' uQ,H myiqlï follska iy t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
^wE& ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj iy fm!oa.,sl wxYfha
iud.ïj, fj<| Kh we;=<;a fõ' 185 la jevigyka Khj,ska iukaú; úh' 2016
^b& wdishdkq ksIaldYk ix.ufha j.lSïj, Y=oaO .kqfokq we;=<;a
fõ'
jifr® ° rcfha jHdmD;s i|yd jQ m%Odk Kh
,eîï ;=< olaIsK wëfõ.S udr®.h °r®> ls¯fï

181
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
5'9 ixLHd igyk
2016 jir ;=< úfoaY Kh u.ska
uQ,Hkh lrk ,o m%Odk jHdmD;Ska
∞hlhd iy jHdmD;sh
rcfha jHdmD;Ska uqΩ tl;=j
thska·
wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=j
thska·
tAldnoaO uydudr®. wdfhdack jevigyk - 2 jk jd˙lh
msú;=re n,Yla;sh iy m%fõYh jr®Okh ls¯fï
jHdmD;sh
tAldnoaO uydudr®. wdfhdack jevigyk
tAldnoaO uydudr®. wdfhdack jevigyk - 3 jk jd˙lh
rcfha ixjr®Ok wxY jHdmD;sh
iqks;H n,Yla;s wxYh i|yd jk iyfhda.s;d jHdmD;sh
Ök wmkhk - wdkhk nexl=j
thska·
olaIsK wêfõ.S udr®.h °r®> ls¯fï jHdmD;sh - 1 fldgi -
ud;r isg fn,sw;a; olajd
olaIsK wêfõ.S udr®.h °r®> ls¯fï jHdmD;sh - 2 fldgi -
fn,sw;a; isg jeáh olajd
yïnkaf;dg flakaø ixjr®Ok jHdmD;sh
msg; jgrjqï wêfõ.s udr®. jHdmD;sh - ˚˚˚ w†hr -
flrj,msáh isg lvj; olajd
olaIsK wêfõ.S udr®.h °r®> ls¯fï jHdmD;sh - 4 fldgi -
u;a;, isg yïnkaf;dg olajd
cd;Hka;r ixjr®Ok ix.uh
thska·
fõ,s wdrlaIdj iy c, iïm;a ie,iqï ls¯fï jHdmD;sh
i|yd jk w;sfr®l uQ,Hhkh
oaú;shSl fi!Lh wxYh m%jr®Ok ls¯fï jHdmD;sh
5
W;=re kef.kysr m,d;a md,k wdh;kj, fiajd jeä†hqKq
ls¯fï jHdmD;sh i|yd jk w;sfr®l uQ,Hhkh
foaY.=◊l Tfrd;a;= °fï yelshdj jr®Okh ls¯u
l<ukdlrKh
m%;sixialrKh iy ixjr®Okh ls¯fï cd;Hka;r nexl=j
fld<U k.rh ixjr®Okh ls¯fï jHdmD;sh
wdmod wjodkï l<ukdlrKh ixjr®Ok ls¯fï
m%;sm;a;s Kh
cmdkh
thska·
cd;sl udr®. moaO;sfhys m%Odk md,ï b†ls¯fï jHdmD;sh
uy fld<U iïfm%aIKh ls¯fï yd fnodye¯fï w,dN
wvq ls¯fï jHdmD;sh
fkor®,ka; rfnda nexl=j (Rabobank)
.%dóh md,ï 463 la b†ls¯fï jHdmD;sh
bka†hdj
thska·
uqyq≥ ;Srh wdrlaId ls¯fï keõ folla m%iïmdokh ls¯u
fvdhsIa nexl=j (Deutsche Bank AG)
jdfka md,ï 537 la b†ls¯fï jHdmD;sh
lDIsldr®ñl ixjr®Okh i|yd jk wka;r®cd;sl wruqo,
thska·
cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Okh ls¯fï jevigyk
iamd[a[h
.fKauq,a," fmd,a.yfj, iy rdc.s˙h - .=jka md,ï ;=kla
iïmdokh ls¯u
rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhkaj, uqΩ tl;=j
yïnkaf;dg jrdh ixjr®Ok jHdmD;sh - ˚˚ w†hr
uQ,h( cd;sl m%;sm;a;s iy wdr®:ßl lghq;= wud;HdxYfha
úfoaY iïm;a fomdr®;fïka;=j
182
jHdmD;sfha 1 iy 2 w†hr" taldnoaO uydudr®.
wdfhdack jevigyk - 2 jk jd˙lh" yïnkaf;dg
flakaø ixjr®Ok jHdmD;sh iy fld<U kd.˙l
,enqKq Kh ixjr®Ok jHdmD;sh hkd†h we;=<;a fõ' rchg ,enqKq
uqo,
t'c' fvd,r® jevigyka Kh" cmka rch úiska ,nd fok ,o
ñ,shk t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 85 l ixjr®Ok m%;sm;a;s
1,278
Kh myiqlulska iy f,dal nexl=fõ cd;Hka;r
337
ixjr®Ok ix.uh úiska ,nd fok ,o t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 100 l ;r.ld˙;ajh" úksúoNdjh iy
64 uQ,H ia:dhS;dj i|yd jQ ixjr®Ok m%;sm;a;s Kh
myiqlulska o iukaú; úh' fuu jevigyka Kh"
31
31 foaYSh wdh;k u.ska fhda‚; m%;sm;a;s l%shdjg
23 kexùfï fldkafoaishg hg;aj ,nd fok ,°'
17
14 cd'uQ' wruqof,a úOdhl lñgqj úiska 2016
320 jifr® cqks udifha ° Y%S ,xldj i|yd ú'.e'ys' ì,shk
1'1 l" wdikak jYfhka t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 1'5 l"
97 ;=ka wjqre≥ úia;Sr®K Kh myiqlula wkqu; lrk
49
,°' cd'uQ' wruqof,a Y%S ,xldjg w∞< mx.=fjka
48 ishhg 185 lg iudk jk fuu úia;Sr®K Kh
myiqlfuys wruqKq jkqfha f.jqï ;=,khg iy
48
rcfha m%;sixialrK kHdh m;%hg iydh ±laùuhs'
24
úia;Sr®K Kh myiqlu hgf;a ú'.e'ys' ñ,shk 120 la
136
^wdikak jYfhka t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 169 la& jQ
m<uq Kh jd˙lh 2016 jifr® cqks udifha °
24 Y%S ,xldjg ,nd ≥ka w;r" ta yd iudk jákdlula
21
we;s fojk Kh jd˙lh o cd'uQ' wruqo, u.ska is≥
20 lrkq ,enQ m<uq iudf,dapkh idr®:lj ksu ls¯fuka
17
miqj 2016 fkdjeïnr® udifha ° ,nd fok ,°'
114 ;j o" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska 2009 jifr® °
102 ,nd .;a cd'uQ' wruqof,a iómia: Kh myiqlug
12 w∞< Kh jd˙l wLKavj wdmiq f.jk ,o w;r"
67 ta hgf;a 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 455 l
f.ùula is≥ lrk ,°' ;j o" cd'uQ' wruqof,a iómia:
15
Kh myiqlu 2017 jifr® ueo Nd.h jk úg
13 iïmQr®Kfhkau f.jd ksu ls¯ug kshñ;h'
48
48 2016 jifr® ° ;ekam;= Ndr .kakd wdh;k
44 Y=oaO Kh f.ùula jdr®;d l< w;r" fm!oa.,sl
wxYh iy rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhka fj; Y=oaO
40
36 Kh ,eîula jdr®;d úh' n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl="
36 n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= iy n,m;%,dNS uQ,H
23 iud.ïj,ska iukaú; ;ekam;= Ndr .kakd wdh;k
13
,nd .;a Y=oaO úfoaYSh Kh m%udKh" 2015 jifr® °
22 jdr®;d l< t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 787 l Y=oaO ,eîï
iu`. iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
22
507 l Y=oaO f.ùula jdr®;d lf<ah' fmr jirj, °
21
21 ;u jHdmdr lghq;= i|yd nexl= lafIa;%h fj;
wLKavj úfoaY Kh ,enqKq w;r" ta iu`. iei£fï °
fuh ie,lsh hq;= fjkia ùuls' ;jo" f.jqï

;=,kfhys wfkl=;a wxYh hgf;a jr®.SlrKh
lr we;s fm!oa.,sl wxYh iy rch i;= jd◊c
jHjidhhka fj; t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 96 l Y=oaO
úfoaYSh Kh ,eîula jdr®;d úh' 2016 jifr®
wfkl=;a wxYh i|yd jQ Kh ,eîï fm!oa.,sl
wxYh fj; jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 637 l iy rch
i;= jd◊c jHjidhhka fj; jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
21 l Kh ,eîïj,ska iukaú; úh' fï w;r" 2016
jifr® ° úfoaYSh Kh f.ùï" fm!oa.,sl wxYh
úiska f.jk ,o t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 362 lska iy
rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhka úiska f.jk ,o t'c'
fvd,r® ñ,shk 200 lska iukaú; úh' rch i;=
jd◊c jHjidhhka is≥ l< Kh f.ùïj,ska jeä
m%udKhla mq;a;,u .,aw`.=re n,d.drh" u;a;,
cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqfmd<" yïnkaf;dg jrdh
jHdmD;sh iy Y%S,xlka .=jka fiajh hkd†h i|yd
,nd .;a Kh wdmiq f.ùï yd iïnkaO úh'
fj<| Kh yd w;a;sldrï iy wfkl=;a ,eìh hq;=$
f.úh hq;= .sKqï
2016 jifr® ° fkajdislhska ,nd .;a fj<|
Kh yd w;a;sldrï by< .sh w;r" wfkajdislhskag
,nd ≥ka fj<| Kh yd w;a;sldrï wvq úh' 2015
jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 401 lska my< .sh
fj<| Kh ,eîï 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
109 lska by< .sfhah' jir ;=< ° fj<| Kh ,eîï
fya;=fjka jQ j.lSïj, Y=oaO fjkiaùï ;=< Y%S ,xld
Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj fj; jQ t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 95 l iy fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj; jQ
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 14 l fj<| Kh wka;r®.;
úh' fï w;r" Y%S ,dxlsl wmkhklrejka úiska ;u
fj<| yjq,alrejka fj; ,nd ≥ka iy nexl= wxYh
úiska ,nd ≥ka fj<| Kh w;a;sldrï jYfhka jQ
Y=oaO j;alï w;alr .ekSï 2016 jifr® ° t'c'
fvd,r® ñ,shk 67 lska wvq úh' fuh" fm!oa.,sl
iy nexl= wxY úiska ,nd fok ,o fj<| Kh
w;a;sldrï ms<sfj<ska t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 64 lska
iy t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 3 lska wvq ùfuys m%;sM,hls'
;j o" 2016 jifr® ° uQ,sl jYfhka Y%S ,xld uy
nexl=j úiska l<ukdlrKh lrkq ,nk wdishdkq
ksIaldYk ix.ufha (ACU) j.lSï we;=<;a wfkl=;a
f.úh hq;= .sKqï" t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 55 l Y=oaO
jeä ùula jdr®;d l< w;r" wfkl=;a ,eìh hq;=
.sKqï jYfhka ie,flk n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=
fj; jQ ,eîï t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 379 l Y=oaO jeä
ùula jdr®;d lf<ah'
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s
5'7'4 úfoaYSh ixÑ; j;alï
jir ;=< úfoaYSh ixÑ; j;alï ;;a;ajfhys
is≥ jQ wvq ùug wkql+,j" 2016 jifr® ° úfoaYSh
ixÑ; j;alï yd iïnkaO .kqfokq my< .sfhah'
ixÑ; j;alï yd iïnkaO .kqfokq 2015 jifr® ° jQ
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 354 l Y=oaO jeä ùu yd
iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 472 l
Y=oaO wvqùula jdr®;d lf<ah' fuhg wu;rj" jir
;=< ° uqo,a yd ;ekam;= t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"267 lska
wvq ùu" úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï ^ú'.e'ys'& t'c'
fvd,r® ñ,shk 5 lska wvq ùu iy Kh iq/l=ïm;a
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 800 lska jeä ùu úfoaYSh
ixÑ; j;alï wdY%s; .kqfokq ;=< wka;r®.; úh'
5'8 iuia; fYaIh
2016 jifr® ° Y=oaO úfoaYSh ixÑ;j, fjkia
ùu ms<sìUq lrk f.jqï ;=,kfha iuia; fYaIh
fuu ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=<° ys`.hla jdr®;d lf<ah'
2015 jifr® t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"489 la jQ iuia;
ys`.h iu`. iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® ° f.jqï ;=,kh
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 500 l iuia; ys`.hla jdr®;d
lf<ah' ixÑ; j;alï ;;a;ajh iy ixÑ; yd
iïnkaO j.lSï ;;a;ajh jir ;=< ° wvq ùu;a
iu`. Y=oaO úfoaYSh ixÑ;" 2015 jir wjidkfha ° jQ
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 5"029 l isg 2016 jir wjidkh
jk úg t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 4"529 la olajd wvq
5
úh' iuia; fYaIfha ys`.h ;=<ska 2016 jifr® °
cx.u .sKqfï ys`.h mqΩ,a ùu" úfoaYSh Kh mshùï
iy Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ie,lsh hq;= f,i
foaYSh úfoaY úksuh fj<|fmd< fj; ue†y;aùu
fya;=fjka úfoaYSh ixÑ;j, my< hEu flfrys
mej;s wLKav mSvkh ms<sìUq úh'
5'9 wka;¾cd;sl wdfhdack ;;a;ajh
2016 jir wjidkfha ° rfgys wka;r®cd;sl
wdfhdack ;;a;ajh ie,lSfï °" úfoaYSh j.lSï
;;a;ajfhys by< hEula o" úfoaYSh j;alï
;;a;ajfhys my< hEula o jdr®;d úh' iDcq wdfhdack
j;alï ;;a;ajh iy wfkl=;a ,eìh hq;= .sKqï
;;a;ajh by< .sh o" m%Odk jYfhka ixÑ; j;alï
;;a;ajh wvq ùu fya;=fjka uqΩ úfoaYSh j;alï
;;a;ajh t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 10"086 la olajd wvq úh'
fï w;r" 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg uqΩ úfoaYSh
j.lSï ;;a;ajh t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 55"036 la
olajd by< .sh w;r th 2015 jir wjidkfha °
mej;s uqΩ j.lSï ;;a;ajhg jvd t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 1"295 l jeä ùuls' fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s
j.lSï ;;a;ajh by< hEu flfrys rch úiska
cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr ksl=;a ls˙u" rch
183
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

5'10 ixLHd igyk fj; ,enqKq úfoaYSh Kh" fkajdislhska ,o fj<|

wka;¾cd;sl wdfhdack ;;a;ajh Kh iy wdishdkq ksIaldYk ix.ufha fj;e;s
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
^ld,m˙Éf√oh wjidkfha° ;;a;ajh&
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ j.lSï iqΩ jYfhka by<
2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd& hEu m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' fï w;r" jir ;=< °
YSr®Ih
j;alï j.lSï j;alï j.lSï fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s iDcq wdfhdack ;;a;ajh"
iDcq wdfhdack ^we&
ysñlï iy wdfhdack wruqo,a fldgia
817
814
10,022
7,408
1,136
1,131
9,745
6,943
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j i;= uqo,a iy ;ekam;= iy ;ekam;=
Kh WmlrK 3 2,613 5 2,802 Ndr .kakd wdh;k yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fjys
úúO wdfhdack
ysñlï iy wdfhdack wruqo,a fldgia
0.1 12,331
1,492
0.1 13,772
1,507
fkdmshjd b;srsj we;s úfoaYSh Kh ;;a;ajh my<
wfkl=;a wxY 1,492 1,507 .sfhah' úfoaYSh j;alï ;;a;ajfhys wvq ùu iy
Kh iq/l=ïm;a ^wE& 0.1 10,839 0.1 12,265
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k 0.1 2,140 0.1 2,190 úfoaYSh j.lSï ;;a;ajfhys by< hEu ms<sìUq
†.= ld,Sk 0.1 2,140 0.1 2,190
rch 8,534 9,903 lrñka wka;r®cd;sl wdfhdack ;;a;ajfhys Y=oaO
flá ld,Sk
†.= ld,Sk
33
8,501
80
9,823
j.lSï ;;a;ajh 2015 jir wjidkfha ° jdr®;d
wfkl=;a wxY 164 172 l< t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 43"006 l isg 2016 jir
†.= ld,Sk 164 172
uQ,H jHq;m a kak - - - - wjidkh jk úg t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 44"949 la
wfkl=;a wdfhdack 2,614 31,387 2,931 31,519 olajd by< .sfhah' iDcq wdfhdack ,eîï idfmalaIj
uqo,a iy ;ekam;= 701 3,051 706 2,442
uy nexl=j 1,105 403
wvq uÜgul mej;Su iy uQ,H .sKqu fj; jk Kh
flá ld,Sk 5 3 fkdjk fjk;a ,eîï wvq ùu yuqfõ cx.u .sKqfï
†.= ld,Sk 1,100 400
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k 701 1,946 706 2,039
ys`.h uQ,Hhkh ls¯ug úfoaYSh Kh uQ,dY% fj;
flá ld,Sk 539 1,946 535 2,039 jeä jYfhka fhduq ùu ms<sìUq lrñka" Y%S ,xldfõ
†.= ld,Sk 162 171
Kh 25,936 26,530 Y=oaO wka;r®cd;sl wdfhdack ;;a;ajh ;j≥rg;a
uy nexl=j 692
cd'uQ' wruqof,ka ,o Kh 692
554
554
ms˙ySug ,laúh'
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k 5,070 4,562
flá ld,Sk 3,816 3,209 5'9'1 iDcq wdfhdack ;;a;ajh
†.= ld,Sk 1,253 1,354
rch 16,147 17,295 2016 jifr® ° iDcq wdfhdack j;alï ;;a;ajh
†.= ld,Sk 16,147 17,295
wfkl=;a wxY ^b& 4,028 4,119 by< .sh w;r" iDcq wdfhdack j.lSï ;;a;ajh wvq
†.= ld,Sk 4,028 4,119
fj<| Kh iy w;a;l s drï 677 1,375 610 1,483
úh' Y%S ,dxlsl iud.ï úfoaYhkays is≥ l< ysñlï

5
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k 96 93 iy wdfhdack wruqo,a fldgiaj, wdfhdack
flá ld,Sk 96 93
wfkl=;a wxY ^B& 581 1,375 517 1,483
by< hEu ms<sìUq lrñka iDcq wdfhdack j;alï
flá ld,Sk 581 1,375 517 1,483 ;;a;ajh 2015 jir wjidkfha ° jdr®;d jQ t'c'
wfkl=;a .sKï q ,eìh hq;$= f.úh hq;= 1,236 478 1,615 533 fvd,r® ñ,shk 817 l isg 2016 jir wjidkh
uy nexl=j ^W& 478 533
flá ld,Sk 478 533 jk úg t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"136 la olajd by<
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k 1,236 1,615
flá ld,Sk 1,236 1,615 .sfhah' fï w;r" 2016 jifr® ° f.jqï ;=,kfhys
úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï 548 532 iDcq wdfhdack Y=oaO ,eîula jdr®;d l< o" iDcq
ixÑ; j;alï 7,304 6,019
uQ,H r;%ka 760 830 wdfhdack j.lSï ;;a;ajh 2016 jir wjidkh jk
úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï 7 2
cd'uQ'wruqof,a ixÑ; uÜgu 66 64
úg t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 9"745 la olajd my< .sfhah'
wfkl=;a ixÑ; j;alï 6,470 5,122 2016 jifr® ° fj<| ñ, wvq ùu fya;=fjka fld<U
uqo,a iy ;ekam;= 3,911 2,644
uQ,H wêld˙fha ysñlï 2,167 802 fldgia fj<|fmdf<ys ,ehsia;=.; iud.ïys" iDcq
wfkl=;a wdh;khkays ysñlï 1,745 1,842
iq/l=ïm;a 2,559 2,478
wdfhdack ysñlï fldgiaj, ;;a;ajh t'c' fvd,r®
Kh iq/l=ïm;a 2,559 2,478 ì,shk 1'2 lska muK my< hEu fï i|yd m%Odk
uqΩ j;alï$j.lSï 10,734 53,740 10,086 55,036
Y=oO
a cd;Hka;r wdfhdack ;;a;j a h -43,006 -44,949 jYfhka fya;= úh' fuu wvq ùu Y%S ,xldfõ uqΩ
úfYaI; s whs;uhka iDcq wdfhdack ;;a;ajfhka ishhg 10 la muK jk
m˙K; ld,h wkqj cd;Hka;r
wdfhdack ;;a;ajh 10,734 53,740 10,086 55,036 w;r" th jir ;=< ° fld<U fldgia fj<|fmdf<ys
flá ld,Sk 7,190 9,146 6,299 8,853
ishÆ fldgia ñ, or®Ylfhys wvq ùfï m%;sY;hg
†.= ld,Sk 3,544 44,595 3,788 46,182
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j wkqrEm fõ' 2016 jir wjidkfha ° mej;s iDcq
^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& wdfhdack uKav,fha" fld<U fldgia yqjudrefõ iy wfkl=;a fm!oa.,sl wdfhdack ;;a;ajh wkqj m%Odk wdfhdack uQ,dY%
iud.ïj, mej;s Rcq wdfhdacko we;=<;a fõ'
^wE& úfoaY úksuh Kh tl;=j fj<|fmd< jákdlu u; mokï jk w;r foaYSh my jQfha fkor®,ka;h" bka†hdj" uef,aishdj"
úksuh Kh ksl=;=j fmd;a w.h u; mokï fõ'
^b& rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhka ,nd.;a jHdmD;s Kh iïnkaOfhka jQ fkdmshjd Ökh iy iaúÜir®,ka;hhs' flfia kuq;a" fuu
b;s˙j we;s Kh we;=<;a fõ'
^B& ,xld Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dfõ iy fm!oa.,sl iud.ïj, fkdmshjQ fj<`o
Kh we;=<;a fõ'
jir ;=< ° iDcq wdfhdaclhkaf.a w;a;sldrï by<
^W& Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska l<ukdlrKh lrkq ,nk wdishdkq ksIaldYk
ix.ufha j.lSïj, fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s ;;a;ajh
hEu ms<sìUq lrñka Kh iq/l=ïm;aj, j.lSï
;;a;ajh by< .sfhah'

184

5'9'2 úúO wdfhdack ;;a;ajh
oaú;aj l,ams¯ula iys; cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj
ne∫ïlr ksl=;=fjka jQ ,eîï iu`. úúO wdfhdack
j.lSï ;;a;ajh by< .sh w;r" 2016 jifr® °
ysñlï fldgia fj; jQ ,eîï ukao.dó uÜgul
mej;=Ks' fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s ysñlï iy Kh
iq/l=ïm;aj,ska iukaú; úúO wdfhdack yd iïnkaO
j.lSï ;;a;ajh" 2015 jir wjidkfha ° jQ t'c'
fvd,r® ñ,shk 12"331 l isg 2016 jir wjidkfha °
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 13"772 la olajd jeä úh' jir
wjidkfha ° úúO wdfhdack ysñlï fldgiaj,
wdfhdack ;;a;ajh t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"507 la
olajd by< .sh w;r Kh iq/l=ïm;a ;;a;ajh
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 12"265 la olajd by< .sfhah'
rcfha fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s Kh iq/l=ïm;aj,
;;a;ajh" cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr ksl=;a
ls¯u fya;=fjka by< .sfhah' flfia fj;;a"
tlai;a ckmofha fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< hEfï
wfmalaIdj iy bka wk;=rej fmd,S wkqmd;sl
by< hEu fya;=fjka wfkajdislhska i;= remsh,a
j,ska kdukh lrk ,o rdcH iq/l=ïm;a iy
Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr wdfhdackj, ie,lsh hq;=
f.ùï m%udKhla jdr®;d úh' fuh" jir wjidkh
jk úg wfkajdislhska i;= fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s
iuia; rdcH Kh iq/l=ïm;a ;;a;ajfhys by< hEu
wvq uÜgul mej;Sug fya;= úh' fï w;r" jir
wjika jk úg ;ekam;= Ndr .kakd wdh;kj, Kh
iq/l=ïm;a ;;a;ajh" ,xld nexl=j iy cd;sl b;s˙
ls¯fï nexl=j ksl=;a l< cd;Hka;r ne∫ïlrj,
fj<|fmd< ñ, fjkiaùu fya;=fjka iqΩ jeäùula
jdr®;d lf<ah'
5'9'3 wfkl=;a wdfhdack ;;a;ajh
uqo,a iy ;ekam;=
2016 jir wjidkfha ° uqo,a iy ;ekam;=
j;alï ;;a;ajh iqΩ jYfhka by< .sh w;r j.lSï
;;a;ajh my< hEula jdr®;d lf<ah' jir ;=< °
uQ,sl jYfhka úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .súiqfuys
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 700 la f.ùu fya;=fjka
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fjys uqo,a iy ;ekam;= ;;a;ajh
2015 jir wjidkfha ° mej;s t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
1"105 l isg 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 403 la olajd my< .sfhah' ;ekam;= Ndr
.kakd wdh;kj, uqo,a iy ;ekam;= ;;a;ajh 2015
jir wjidkfha ° jdr®;d jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
1"946 l isg 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 2"039 la olajd by< .sfhah' ;ekam;= Ndr
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s
.kakd wdh;kj, j;alï ;;a;ajfhka iukaú;
jk uqo,a iy ;ekam;= j;alï ;;a;ajh 2016 jir
wjidkh jk úg t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 706 la olajd
iqΩ jYfhka jeä úh'
úfoaYSh Kh
2016 jir wjidkh jk úg cd;Hka;r
wdfhdack ;;a;ajh ;=< úfoaYSh Kh j.lSï
;;a;ajh by< hEug rcfha úfoaYSh Kh ;;a;ajh
jeä ùu m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' úfoaYSh Kh
j.lSï ;;a;ajh 2015 jir wjidkfha ° t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 25"936 l isg 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 26"530 la olajd by< .sfhah'
jir wjidkh jk úg rcfha úfoaYSh Kh j.lSï
;;a;ajh t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 17"295 la olajd by<
.sh w;r" fï i|yd rch úiska ,nd .kakd ,o kj
jHdmD;s Kh" ld,Sk úfoaYSh úksuh uQ,H myiqlï
oaú;ajh iy jevigyka Kh myiqlï oaú;ajh
fya;= úh' nexl= wxYh fj; jQ Kh ,eîï wvq
uÜgul mej;Su;a" Kh fiajdlrKh wLKavj is≥
ls¯u;a fya;=fjka ;ekam;= Ndr .kakd wdh;kj,
fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s Kh ;;a;ajh jir mylg miq
m<uq j;djg my< .sfhah' cd'uQ' wruqof,a úia;Sr®K
Kh myiqlfuys m<uq jd˙l foflys ,eîï
yuqfõ jqj o" iómia: Kh myiqlu yd iïnkaO
mshùï fya;=fjka jQ Y=oaO n,mEu u; Y%S ,xld
5
uy nexl=fõ fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s Kh j.lSï
;;a;ajh wvq úh' jir ;=< ° Kh uq∞ye¯ï yd
f.ùï by< hEu yuqfõ fm!oa.,sl wxYh iy
rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhkaf.a Kh j.lSïj,ska
iukaú; wfkl=;a wxYj, Kh j.lSï ;;a;ajh
iqΩ jYfhka by< .sfhah'
fj<| Kh iy w;a;sldrï
2016 jifr® ° fj<| Kh iy w;a;sldrï
j;alï ;;a;ajh wvq jQ w;r j.lSï ;;a;ajh
by< .sfhah' fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fj<| Kh iy
w;a;sldrïj,ska iukaú; jk fkdmshjd b;s˙j
we;s fj<| Kh iy w;a;sldrï j.lSï ;;a;ajh
2015 jir wjidkfha mej;s t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
1"375 l isg 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg t'c'
fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"483 la olajd jeä úh' ;ekam;=
Ndr .kakd wdh;k iy fm!oa.,sl wxYh ,nd ≥ka
fj<| Kh iy w;a;sldrïj,ska ms<sìUq flfrk
fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s fj<| Kh iy w;a;sldrï
j;alï ;;a;ajh 2015 jir wjidk jk úg mej;s
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 677 l isg 2016 jir wjidk
jk úg t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 610 la olajd my<
.sfhah'
185
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

wfkl=;a ,eìh hq;=$f.úh hq;= .sKqï iy úfYaI 5'11 rEm igyk

.ekqï ysñlï ld¾;=uh o< ks, ixÑ; iy uq¿
úfoaYSh j;alï
2016 jifr® ° fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s wfkl=;a
,eìh hq;= .sKqï ;;a;ajh fukau wfkl=;a f.úh 12 8

hq;= .sKqï ;;a;ajh o by< .sfhah' ;ekam;= Ndr

11 7

.kakd wdh;kj, fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s wfkl=;a 10 6

t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk

,eìh hq;= .sKqï ;;a;ajh 2015 jir wjidkh jk 9 5
úg mej;s t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"236 l isg 2016

udi
8 4
jir wjidkh jk úg t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"615 la
olajd by< .sfhah' fï w;r" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ 7 3

wdishdkq ksIaldYk ix.uh fj;e;s j.lSï jeä 6 2

ùu;a iu`. fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s wfkl=;a f.úh 5 1
hq;= .sKqï ;;a;ajh 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg 4 0
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 533 la olajd jeä úh' ;j o"

12 ldr®;= 01
12 ldr®;= 02
12 ldr®;= 03
12 ldr®;= 04
13 ldr®;= 01
13 ldr®;= 02
13 ldr®;= 03
13 ldr®;= 04
14 ldr®;= 01
14 ldr®;= 02
14 ldr®;= 03
14 ldr®;= 04
15 ldr®;= 01
15 ldr®;= 02
15 ldr®;= 03
15 ldr®;= 04
16 ldr®;= 01
16 ldr®;= 02
16 ldr®;= 03
16 ldr®;= 04
2016 jir wjidkh jk úg úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï
j.lSï ;;a;ajh t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 532 la olajd
iqΩ jYfhka wvq úh'
uqΩ úfoaYSh j;alï o< ks, ixÑ;

5'9'4 úfoaYSh ixÑ; j;alï ;;a;ajh uqΩ úfoaYSh j;alï- o< ks, ixÑ;-
wdkhksl udi wdkhksl udi
Y%S ,xldfõ o< ks, ixÑ; ;;a;ajh 2015 jir ^ol=Kq wCIh& ^ol=Kq wCIh&

wjidkfha ° jdr®;d jQ t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 7'3 l isg uQ,h ( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

2016 jir wjidkh jk úg t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 6'0 la
olajd wvq úh' 2016 jir wjidkfha ° meje;s o<
ks, ixÑ;" udi 3'7 l fj<| NdKav wdkhk yd
iudk jQ w;r" udi 3'1 l NdKav iy fiajd
wdkhk yd iudk úh' úfoaYSh Kh fiajdlrK
f.ùï" úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .súiqfï fldgila
mshùu" cd'uQ' wruqof,ka ,nd .;a iómia: Kh
myiqlfuys f.ùï iy Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska
úfoaY úksuh øjYS,;djh iemhSu i|yd" foaYSh
úfoaY úksuh fj<|fmd< fj; ue†y;aùu o< ks,
ixÑ; wvq ùug m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' o< ks,
ixÑ; iy ;ekam;= Ndr .kakd wdh;kj, úfoaYSh

5 5'11 ixLHd igyk

o< ks, ixÑ;" uq¿ úfoaYSh j;alï iy iuia; fYaIh
^ld,m˙Éf√oh wjidkfha° ;;a;ajh&

t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk remsh,a ñ,shk

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w& 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w&
1' rcfha úfoaYh
S j;alï 631 465 635 470 289 80,209 60,857 83,262 67,690 43,303
2' uy nexl=fõ úfoaYh
S j;alï 6,475 7,030 7,573 6,834 5,730 823,375 919,171 992,438 984,489 858,352
3' o< ks, ixÑ; j;alï ^1›2& 7,106 7,495 8,208 7,304 6,019 903,584 980,028 1,075,700 1,052,178 901,655
4' ;ekam;= Ndr.kakd
wdh;kj, úfoaYh S j;alï 1,481 1,078 1,676 2,033 2,414 188,195 141,008 219,641 292,916 361,601
5' uqΩ úfoaYh
S j;alï ^3›4& ^wd& 8,587 8,573 9,884 9,337 8,433 1,091,779 1,121,036 1,295,342 1,345,095 1,263,252
6' ixÑ;j,g w∞< j.lSï ^we& 2,943 2,347 1,691 2,275 1,490 373,984 306,825 221,593 327,725 223,214
7' Y=oO
a cd;Hka;r ixÑ; ^3-6& 4,163 5,148 6,517 5,029 4,529 529,600 673,203 854,107 724,453 678,437
8' iuia; fYaIh ^wE& 151 985 1,369 -1,489 -500 72,619 143,603 180,904 -129,654 -46,017
9' o< ks, ixÑ; u.ska wdjrKh
l< yels wdkhksl udi .Kk
9'1 fj<| NdKav 4.4 5.0 5.1 4.6 3.7
9'2 fj<| NdKav yd fiajd 3.9 4.2 4.3 3.8 3.1
10' uqΩ úfoaYh
S j;alï u.ska wdjrKh
l< yels wdkhksl udi .Kk
10'1 fj<| NdKav 5.4 5.7 6.1 5.9 5.2
10'2 fj<| NdKav yd fiajd 4.7 4.8 5.1 4.9 4.3
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& zúfoaYhkays is≥lrk ,o Rcq wdfhdackZ iy z,nd ≥ka fj<`o Kh iy w;a;sldrïZ hk úfoaYSh j;alï we;=<;a fkdfõ'
^we& uy nexl=fõ fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s Kh ^úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï yer&
^wE& ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< ° Y=oaO cd;Hka;r ixÑ; ;;a;ajfha fjkia ùï

186
 úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s

j;alïj,ska iukaú; uqΩ úfoaYSh j;alï ;;a;ajh

5'12 ixLHd igyk
2015 jir wjidkfha ° t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 9'3 l
fkdmshjd b;sßj we;s úfoaYSh Kh
isg 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
8'4 la olajd my< .sfhah' ;ekam;= Ndr .kakd ^jir wjidkfha° ;;a;ajh&
wdh;kj, úfoaYSh j;alï by< hEu fya;=fjka YSr®Ih 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
jir ;=< ° uqΩ úfoaYSh j;alï ;;a;ajfhys úYd, rch 24,681 27,197
flá ld,Sk 33 80
wvq ùula hï;dla ≥rg u`.yrjd .ekSug yels úh' Kh iq/l=ïm;a 33 80
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ^we& 33 80
uqΩ úfoaYSh j;alï ;;a;ajh udi 5'2 l NdKav †.= ld,Sk 24,647 27,118
Kh iq/l=ïm;a 8,501 9,823
wdkhk iy udi 4'3 l NdKav yd fiajd wdkhk yd NdKavd.dr ne`≥ïlr ^we& 1,811 1,440
iudk úh' Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne`≥ïlr ^wE& 265 58
cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne`≥ïlr ^b& 6,425 8,325
Kh 16,147 17,295
5'10 úfoaYSh Kh iy Kh fiajdlrKh uy nexl=j 2,823 2,022
flá ld,Sk 483 536
uqo,a iy ;ekam;= 5 3
5'10'1 úfoaYSh Kh wfkl=;a .sKqï f.úh hq;= 478 533
wdishdkq ksIaldYk ix.ufha j.lSï 478 533
2016 jir ;=< ° rfgys uqΩ úfoaYSh Kh †.= ld,Sk 2,340 1,486
úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï fjka ls¯ï 548 532
m%udKh t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 1'7 lska by< .sfhah' uqo,a iy ;ekam;= 1,100 400
Kh 692 554
tys m%;sM,hla f,i" 2015 jir w. ° jdr®;d jQ t'c' cd'uQ' wruqof,a Kh 692 554
iómia: Kh myiqlu 692 232
fvd,r® ì,shk 44'8 l uqΩ úfoaYSh Kh m%udKh úia;Sr®K Kh myiqlu - 322
2016 jir wjidkh jk úg t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk ;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k
flá ld,Sk
9,156
5,762
8,790
5,247
46'6 la olajd by< .sfhah' 2016 jifr® ° úfoaYSh uqo,a iy ;ekam;= ^B& 1,946 2,039
jdKsc nexl= 1,946 2,039
Kh m%udKh by< hEu flfrys uQ,slju fya;= Kh 3,816 3,209
jQfha rch ,nd .;a úfoaYSh Kh m%udKh t'c' jdKsc nexl= 3,816 3,209
†.= ld,Sk 3,393 3,543
fvd,r® ì,shk 2'5 lska by< hEuhs' 2016 jir Kh iq/l=ïm;a ^b& 2,140 2,190
jdKsc nexl= 1,112 1,128
;=< ° rdcH iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmd< fj;ska ;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wfkl=;a wdh;k 1,028 1,062
úfoaYSh wdfhdack bj;a lr .ekSu yuqfõ jqj o" Kh 1,253 1,354
jdKsc nexl= 1,240 1,339
cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr ksl=;=j" ld,Sk ;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wfkl=;a wdh;k 13 14
wfkl=;a wxY ^W& 5,567 5,774

5
úfoaYSh úksuh uQ,H myiqlï oaú;ajh iy jHdmD;s flá ld,Sk 1,375 1,483
fj<| Kh iy w;a;sldrï ^W!& 1,375 1,483
yd jevigyka Kh ,nd .ekSu fya;=fjka rcfha †.= ld,Sk 4,192 4,291
úfoaYSh Kh m%udKh by< .sfhah' fï w;r" úfoaY Kh iq/l=ïm;a ^b&
Kh
164
4,028
172
4,119
úksuh yqjudre .súiqfuys fldgila wdmiq f.ùu fm!oa.,sl wxYh 1,604 1,876
rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhka iy rdcH ixia:d 2,423 2,242
iy cd'uQ' wruqof,a iómia: Kh myiqlfuys wdmiq iDcq wdfhdack ( wka;r® iud.ï Kh ^t& 2,613 2,802
f.ùï iuÛ Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ fkdmshjd b;s˙j o< úfoaYSh Kh ;;a;ajh 44,839 46,586
o'foa'ks' fha m%;sY;hla jYfhka
we;s Kh m%udKh t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 801 lska o< úfoaYSh Kh 55.7 57.3
wvq úh' ;jo" 2016 jifr® ° ;ekam;= Ndr .kakd flá ld,Sk Kh 9.5 9.0
†.= ld,Sk Kh 46.2 48.3
o< úfoaYSh Kfhys m%;sY;hla jYfhka
5'12 rEm igyk flá ld,Sk Kh 17.1 15.8
†.= ld,Sk Kh 82.9 84.2
úfoaYSh Kh
úfYaIs; whs;uhka
50 65
Kh iq/l=ïm;ays uqyK q ; jákdlu - wdxYsl jr®.l
S rKh 11,299 12,219
rch 9,024 9,944

45 NdKavd.dr ì,am;a 35 86
NdKavd.dr ne`≥ïlr 2,074 1,650
40 60 Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne`≥ïlr 265 58
t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk

cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne`≥ïlr

o'foa'ks'fhys ]

6,650 8,150
35 uy nexl=j yer ;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k 2,100 2,100
jd◊c nexl= 1,100 1,100
30 55 ,shdm†xÑ úfYaIs; nexl= 1,000 1,000
25 wfkl=;a wxY 175 175
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
20 50 ^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& fmd;a w.h u; mokïj
15 ^wE& uqyqK; jákdlu u; mokïj
10 45
^b& fj<|fmd< ñ, u; mokïj
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^B& wfkajdisl úfoaY uqo,a ysñhkaf.a ;ekam;= we;=<;a fõ'
^W& fm!oa.,sl wxYh iy rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhka we;=<;a fõ'
ue† yd †.=ld,Sk Kh fláld,Sk Kh ^W!& ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj iy fm!oa.,sl wxYfha iud.ïys
fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s fj<| Kh we;=<;a fõ'
uqΩ úfoaYSh Kh o'foa'ks' fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ^ol=Kq wlaIh& ^t& Y%S ,xld wdfhdack uKav,fha ,shdm†xÑ iud.ïj, wka;r® iud.ï
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j Kh iy fldgia ysñhkaf.a w;a;sldrï we;=<;a fõ'

187
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

wdh;k" fm!oa.,sl wxYfha wdh;k yd rch i;=
jd◊c jHjidhhka" iy iDcq wdfhdack iud.ïys
wka;r® iud.ï Kh yd iïnkaO fkdmshjd b;s˙j
we;s úfoaYSh Kh m%udKhka ms<sfj<ska t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 8"790 la" t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 5"774 la iy
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"802 la úh'
uQ,sl jYfhka rcfha úfoaYSh Kh m%udKh
by< hEu fya;=fjka 2015 jir wjidkfha °
o'foa'ks'fha m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg 55'7 la jQ
fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s úfoaYSh Kh m%udKh 2016
jir wjidkfha ° o'foa'ks'fha m%;sY;hla f,i
ishhg 57'3 olajd jeä úh' 2016 jir wjidk jk úg
rcfha fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s úfoaYSh Kh m%udKh
uqΩ úfoaYSh Kh m%udKfhka ishhg 58'4 la jQ w;r"
th 2015 jir wjidk jk úg ishhg 55'0 la úh'
;jo" °r®>ld,Sk l,ams¯ï iys; Kh ,nd .ekSfï
keUqrej ms<sìUq lrñka †.=ld,Sk Kh uqΩ úfoaYSh
Kh m%udKfhys m%;sY;hla f,i 2015 jir
wjidkfha ° jdr®;d jQ ishhg 82'9 yd iei£fï °
2016 jir w. jk úg ishhg 84'2 la olajd jeä úh'
f.da,Sh fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< hEug jeä bvlvla
mj;sk neúka úfoaYSh Kh .ekSfï ° ms˙jeh by<
hEug yelshdjla iys; miqìula ;=<" Y%S ,xldfõ
úfoaYSh Kh wLKavj by< hEu úfoaYSh wxYh
uqyqKmdk m%Odk .egÆjls'
5'10'2 úfoaYSh Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï
2016 jifr® Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaYSh Kh j.lSï
u; jQ Kh jd˙l f.ùï wvq jQ w;r fmd,S f.úSï
jeä úh' úfoaYSh Kh j.lSï u; jQ Kh jd˙l

5'13 ixLHd igyk

úfoaYSh Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk remsh,a ñ,shk
YSr®Ih
2012 2013 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd& 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
1' Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï 2,675 4,040 3,479 4,626 4,366 341,382 521,626 454,248 628,641 585,628
1'1 Kh wdmiq f.ùï 1,795 2,982 2,323 3,435 3,157 229,049 384,942 303,347 467,546 410,937
rch 1,490 1,555 1,296 1,976 1,040 190,088 200,705 169,150 265,662 151,236
jHdmD;s Kh 862 836 793 798 876 109,975 107,906 103,540 107,536 127,396
Kh iq/l=ïm;a 628 719 503 1,178 164 80,114 92,799 65,610 158,126 23,840
uy nexl=j 57 653 719 907 1,555 7,268 84,285 93,917 125,686 177,396

5
cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, 57 453 719 507 455 7,268 58,463 93,917 68,775 17,234
úksuh yqjudre .súiqï iy fjk;a Kh j.lSï - 200 - 400 1,100 - 25,822 - 56,911 160,162
fm!oa.,sl wxYh iy ;ekam;= Ndr .kakd wdh;k 248 774 309 553 562 31,692 99,952 40,280 76,199 82,304
úfoaYSh Kh 248 774 309 553 562 31,692 99,952 40,280 76,199 82,304

1'2 fmd,S f.ùï 880 1,059 1,156 1,190 1,209 112,333 136,685 150,901 161,095 174,690
rch 702 832 876 870 862 89,547 107,357 114,368 117,496 124,042
jHdmD;s Kh 294 255 260 266 264 37,464 32,982 33,883 36,024 38,440
Kh iq/l=ïm;a 408 576 616 604 597 52,083 74,376 80,485 81,472 85,602
uy nexl=j 43 35 20 13 10 5,512 4,507 2,546 1,693 1,436
cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, 36 33 20 10 8 4,593 4,313 2,546 1,395 1,179
wfkl=;a 7 2 - 2 2 919 194 - 298 257
fm!oa.,sl wxYh iy ;ekam;= Ndr .kakd wdh;k 135 192 260 307 338 17,274 24,820 33,986 41,907 49,212
úfoaYSh Kh 135 145 118 148 179 17,274 18,663 15,470 20,128 26,026
Kh iq/l=ïm;a - 48 142 159 159 - 6,157 18,517 21,779 23,186
2' fj<| NdKav yd fiajdjkaf.a wmkhk bmehqï 13,573 15,079 16,735 16,943 17,448
3' fj<| NdKav yd fiajd wmkhk bmehqï" wdodhï yd
19,754 21,639 23,936 24,078 24,829
cx.u ixl%du
4' Kh fiajdlrK wkqmd;slh
4'1 by; 2 ys m%;Ys ;hla jYfhka
iuia; wkqmd;slh 19.7 26.8 20.8 27.3 25.0
cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,a .kqfokq yer 19.0 23.6 16.4 24.2 22.4
4'2 by; 3 ys m%;Y s ;hla jYfhka
iuia; wkqmd;slh 13.5 18.7 14.5 19.2 17.6
cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,a .kqfokq yer 13.1 16.4 11.4 17.1 15.7
5' rcfha Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï
5'1 rcfha Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï ^we& 2,191 2,386 2,172 2,846 1,901
5'2 by; 1 ys m%;Y s ;hla jYfhka 81.9 59.1 62.4 61.5 43.5
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,ys .kqfokq yer

188
 úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s

f.ùï 2015 ° jdr®;d jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 3"435 hkq we;ehs wfmalaId flfrk w;r" fï fya;=fjka
iu`. iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk b†˙ jirj, ° úfoaYSh uQ,dY%hkaf.ka ,nd .kakd
3"157 la úh' 2015 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk Kh i|yd ±¯ug jk ms˙jeh by< hkq we;'
500 l cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlrh f.ùu"
rdcH iq/l=ïm;a wdmiq f.ùï ;=< wka;r®.; ùu 5'11 úksuh wkqmd;slfha fjkiaùï
fya;=fjka" tu jir iu`. iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® ° Y%S ,xld remshf,a úfoaYSh w.h 2016 jir ;=< °
rdcH iq/l=ïm;aj, Kh jd˙l f.ùïys ie,lsh ;j≥rg;a wjm%udKh úh' jifr® m<uq Nd.h ;=< °
hq;= my< hEula olakg ,enq◊' flfia jqj;a" 2016 ° ishhg 0'82 lska wjm%udKh jQ Y%S ,xld remsh,"
cd'uQ' wruqof,a iómia: Kh myiqlug w∞< Kh jifr® fojk Nd.h ;=< ishhg 3'04 l by<
jd˙l f.ùï iy úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .súiqï fõ.hlska wjm%udKh úh' jifr® m<uq Nd.h
mshùu iu`. uy nexl=fõ Kh f.ùï jeä úh' ;=< Y%S ,xld remshf,ys w.h idfmalaI jYfhka
fkdmshjd b;s˙j we;s úfoaYSh Kh j.lSï u; jQ iqΩ m%udKhlska wjm%udKh ùu i|yd Y%S ,xld
fmd,S f.ùï 2015 ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"190 l uy nexl=j úiska Y=oaO moku u; t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
isg 2016 ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"209 la olajd jeä 1"093 l úfoaYSh úksuh øjYS,;djhla iemhSu
úh' fm!oa.,sl wxYh iy ;ekam;= Ndr .kakd fya;= úh' flfia jqj;a" jifr® fojk Nd.h ;=< °
wdh;k ,nd .;a Kh u; jQ fmd,S f.ùï jeä t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 325 l Y=oaO wjfYdaIKhla
ùu" iuia; fmd,S f.ùï jeä ùu flfrys m%Odk iu`. Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska úfoaY úksuh
jYfhka fya;= úh' fj<|fmd< fj; øjYS,;djh iemhSu iSud ls¯u
fj<| NdKav yd fiajd wmkhkfhys m%;sY;hla fya;=fjka remsh, jeä fõ.hlska wjm%udKh úh'
jYfhka .;a úg iuia; úfoaYSh Kh fiajdlrK jifr® fojk Nd.h ;=< fj<|fmd< fj; imhk
f.ùï 2016 jifr® ° my; jegq◊' NdKav yd fiajd ,o úfoaYSh úksuh m%udKfhka ie,lsh hq;=
wmkhk wd∞hu by< hEu iy iuia; úfoaYSh Kh fldgila úfYaIfhkau" jifr® wjidk ldr®;=fõ °
fiajdlrK f.ùï my; jeàfï m%;sM,hla f,i" úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhska úiska rdcH iq/l=ïm;a
NdKav yd fiajd wmkhkhkays m%;sY;hla f,i fj<|fmd< fj;ska ish wdfhdack bj;a lr .kq
Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï" 2015 jifr® mej;s ishhg ,eîu fya;=fjka we;s jQ n,mEu hï m%udKhlg

5
27'3 iu`. iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 25'0 la wvq ls¯u i|yd fhduq úh' tlai;a ckmo fµvr,a
olajd my; jegq◊' tlai;a ckmofha fµvr,a ixÑ; nexl=j úiska fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< oukq
ixÑ; nexl=j úiska fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< ±óu we;ehs jQ wfmalaIdj iy bka wk;=rej fmd,S
iu`. f.da,Sh fmd,S wkqmd;slhka l%ufhka by< wkqmd; by< ±óu" úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhska rdcH
5'13 rEm igyk
úksuh wkqmd;slfha fjkiaùï
t'c'fvd,rhg tfrysj remshf,a w.h iM, úksuh wkqmd;sl o¾Yl ^2010}100&
uqo,a j¾. 24 mei wkqj ^w&
155 115

150
t'c' fvd,rhg remsh,a

110

145
105
or®Yl wxl

140
100
135
95
130

125 90

120 85
cQ,s-16
ck'-13

cQ,s-13

ck'-14

cQ,s-14

ck'-15

cQ,s-15

ck'-16

foie'-16

ck'-14
udr®'-14
uehs-14
cQ,s-14
iema'-14
fkdje'-14
ck'-15
udr®'-15
uehs-15
cQ,s-15
iema'-15
fkdje'-15
ck'-16
udr®'-16
uehs-16
cQ,s-16
iema'-16
fkdje'-16
foie'-16

kdñl iM, úksuh uQr®; iM, úksuh

wkqmd;h wkqmd;h

^w& fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylfha mokï jr®Ih 2013 g hdj;ald,Sk

uQ,h ( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j ùu iu`. uQ'i'ú'w' kej; .Kkh lr we;'

189
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmd< fj;ska wdfhdack bj;a lr
.ekSu i|yd fya;= úh' fuu m%jK;d fya;=fjka"
2016 jir wjidk jk úg iuia;hla f,i"
Y%S ,xld remsh, t'c'fvd,rhg idfmalaIj 2015
jir wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ remsh,a 144'06 isg remsh,a
149'80 olajd ishhg 3'83 lska wjm%udKh úh' ;j o"
t'c'fvd,rhg idfmalaIj remshf,ys jdr®Isl
idudkHh úksuh wkqmd;slh 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a
145'60 olajd ishhg 6'64 lska wjm%udKh úh'
fuu wjm%udKh ùfï m%jK;djh úfoaY úksuh
fj<|fmd< ;=< mej;s b,aÆï yd iemhqï ;;a;ajhkag
wkql+,j jQ w;r" NdKav wmkhk wvq ùu;a" úfoaY
fiajd kshqla;slhskaf.a fm%aIK ,eîï ukao.dó
ùu;a iu`. uOHia: jr®Okhla jdr®;d l< úfoaY
úksuh ,eîï" wdkhkj, jeä ùu iy úfoaYSh Kh
fiajdlrK f.ùï u.ska we;s jQ b,aÆu wdjrKh
ls¯ug m%udKj;a fkdùh' ta wkqj" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
úiska foaYSh úfoaY úksuh fj<|fmd< fj; úfoaY
úksuh iemhSu úfoaYSh ixÑ; my< hEug fya;=
úh' tneúka" ndysr lïmk u.ska rgg we;s úh
yels wj∞kï ;;a;ajhka wju ls¯u i|yd úfoaYSh
ixÑ; uÜgu kej; jr®Okh lr .ekSu fnfyúka
jeo.;a fõ'
tlai;a rdcOdksh hqfrdamd yjqf,ka bj;a ùu
i|yd 2016 jifr® cqks ui 23 †k mej;s cku;
úpdrKfhka wk;=rej úYd, jYfhka wjm%udKh jQ
iagr®,ska mjqug idfmalaIj yereKq úg" 2016 jir
;=< °" wfkl=;a m%Odk uqo,a jr®.hkag idfmalaIj
Y%S ,xld remsh, wjm%udKh úh' ta wkqj" cd;Hka;r
fj<|fmd< ;=< t'c'fvd,rhg idfmalaIj wfkl=;a
úfoaY jHjydr uqo,aj, yeis¯u ms<sìUq lrñka
Y%S ,xld remsh, hQfrdaj,g idfmalaIj ishhg
0'32 lska o" bka†hdkq remsh,g idfmalaIj ishhg
1'72 lska o" cmka fhkaj,g idfmalaIj ishhg
7'05 lska o wjm%udKh jQ w;r" iagr®,ska mjqug
idfmalaIj ishhg 16'04 lska w;sm%udKh úh' tys
m%;sM,hla f,i Y%S ,xld remsh, 2016 jifr® °
ú'.e'ys'j,g idfmalaIj ishhg 0'87 lska wjm%udKh
úh'
5'11'1 kdñl iy uQ¾; iM, úksuh wkqmd;sl
2016 jifr® ° cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd< ;=<
Y%S ,xld remshf,ys ;r.ld˙;ajh my< hEu
ms<sìUq lrñka uqo,a jr®. 5 lska iy uqo,a jr®.
24 lska ie≥ï,;a mei u; mokï jQ uQr®; iM,
úksuh wkqmd;sl or®Yl ^2010 } 100& w;sm%udKh úh'

5'14 ixLHd igyk

úksuh wkqmd;sl fjkiaùï

5
úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a tallhlg remsh,a w.h fmr jr®Ihg jvd m%;sY;l fjkiaùu ^w&

uqo,a jr®.h jr®Ih w. wkqmd;slh jdr®Isl idudkHh wkqmd;slh jr®Ih w. jdr®Isl idudkHh
2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016
hqfrda 159.42 157.37 157.87 173.47 150.84 161.16 1.30 -0.32 15.00 -6.40
bka†hdkq remsh,a 2.07 2.17 2.21 2.14 2.12 2.17 -4.62 -1.72 1.12 -2.25
cmka fhka 1.10 1.20 1.29 1.24 1.12 1.34 -8.20 -7.05 10.08 -16.48
ì%;dkH mjqï 204.04 213.57 184.04 215.16 207.99 197.15 -4.46 16.04 3.45 5.50
tlai;a ckmo fvd,r® 131.05 144.06 149.80 130.56 135.94 145.60 -9.03 -3.83 -3.96 -6.64
úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï® 189.86 199.63 201.38 198.35 190.16 202.39 -4.89 -0.87 4.31 -6.04

iM, úksuh wkqmd;sl fmr jr®Ihg jvd m%;sY;l fjkiaùu

jr®Ih w. or®Ylh jdr®Isl idudkHh or®Ylh
or®Yl ^wd& ^we& jr®Ih w. or®Ylh jdr®Isl idudkHh or®Ylh
^2010 } 100& 2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016
kd'i'ú'w'-uqo,a jr®. 24
mei wkqj 96.44 93.53 92.64 91.99 96.61 92.46 -3.02 -0.95 5.02 -4.29

uQ'i'ú'w'-uqo,a jr®. 24
mei wkqj ^wE& 107.87 107.28 110.18 103.77 109.50 106.94 -0.55 2.70 5.52 -2.34

^w& fjkiaùu .Kka n,d we;af;a YS% ,xld remsh,g wod< úfoaYSh jHjydr uqo,a jákdlu mokï lr f.kh' RK ,l=◊ka YS% uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
,xld remshf,ys w.h úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a tallhg tfrysj wvq ùu fmkakqï lrhs'
^wd& kdñl iM, úksuh wkqmd;slh ^kd'i'ú'w'& hkq fj<| yjq,alrejka iy ;r.ld¯ rgj,a 24 l kdñl úksuh
wkqmd;slhkaf.a nr ;enQ idudkHhhs' nr m%udKh" uqo,a meig we;=<;a tla tla rg iu`. is≥ lrk fj<πfuys jeo.;alu
u; mokï fõ' uQr®; iM, úksuh wkqmd;slh ^uQ'i'ú'w'& .Kkh lrkqfha meig we;=<;a uqo,a jr®. wh;a rgj, WoaOuk
fjki kd'i'ú'w'g .e,mSu u.sks' RK ,l=◊ka or®Ylh wjm%udKh ùu fmkajhs' uq'i'ú'w' fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh
mokï lrf.k .Kkh lr we;'
^we& úksuh wkqmd;sl or®Ylhka wkqj wr®: olajd we;s w;r" ta wkqj wfkl=;a jHjydr uqo,aj,g idfmalaIj remshf,ys w.h
jeäùu fyda wvqùu iM, úksuh wkqmd;slhkays w.h by<hdu fyda my<hdu u.ska ms<sfj<ska ms<sìUq flfrhs'
^wE& fld<U m˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylfha mokï jr®Ih 2013 g hdj;ald,Sk ùu iu`. uQ'i'ú'w' kej; .Kkh lr we;'

190
 úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s

kdñl úksuh wkqmd;slhkaf.a fjkiaùïj,g 5'14 rEm igyk

wu;rj rgj,a w;r WoaOuk fjkiaùï ie,ls,a,g ld¾;=uh wka;¾ nexl= bÈß úksuh
.kqfokq mßudjka
.efkk uQr®; iM, úksuh wkqmd;slh" fld<U
2,400
md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylfha mokï jr®Ih hdj;ald,Sk

2,100
ùug wkql+,j ^2013 } 100& kej; .Kkh lrk ,°'
1,800
ta wkqj" uqo,a jr®. 5 lska iy uqo,a jr®. 24 lska

t'c' fvd,r® us,shk

1,500
ie≥ï,;a mei u; mokï jQ uQr®; iM, úksuh
1,200
wkqmd;sl or®Yl jir wjidk jk úg ms<sfj<ska
900
ishhg 2'83 lska iy ishhg 2'70 lska w;sm%udKh
600
úh' 2016 jir ;=<" fj<| yjq,aldr iy ;r.ld¯
300
rgj,aj,g idfmalaIj by< foaYSh WoaOukhla
0
mej;Su uQr®; iM, úksuh wkqmd;slh w;sm%udKh

13 ldr®;= 01
13 ldr®;= 02

13 ldr®;= 03
13 ldr®;= 04
14 ldr®;= 01
14 ldr®;= 02
14 ldr®;= 03
14 ldr®;= 04
15 ldr®;= 01
15 ldr®;= 02
15 ldr®;= 03
15 ldr®;= 04

16 ldr®;= 01
16 ldr®;= 02
16 ldr®;= 03
16 ldr®;= 04
ùug fya;= úh' fï w;r" jir ;=< ° uqo,a jr®.
5 lska ie≥ï,;a mei u; mokï jQ kdñl iM,
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
úksuh wkqmd;slh ishhg 0'23 lska iqΩ jYfhka
w;sm%udKh jQ w;r uqo,a jr®. 24 lska ie≥ï,;a
úksuh fj<|fmd<g jQ ue†y;a ùug idfmalaIj"
mei u; mokï jQ kdñl iM, úksuh wkqmd;slh
2016 jir ;=< ° Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ue†y;a ùu
ishhg 0'95 lska iqΩ jYfhka wjm%udKh úh'
wvq uÜgul mej;=◊' jifr® fojk Nd.h ;=< °
5'11'2 foaYSh úfoaY úksuh fj<|fmd< j¾Okhka rdcH iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmdf<ys wdfhdackh l<
wfkajdisl úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhska fj;ska we;s jQ
2016 jifr® ° foaYSh úfoaYSh úksuh fj<|fmd<
b,aÆfuka fldgila iems¯ug muKla Y%S ,xld uy
.kqfokq m%udKh by< .sfhah' ta wkqj" 2016 jifr® °
nexl=j ish ue†y;aùu iSud ls¯u" 2016 jir ;=< °
wka;r® nexl= uqΩ úfoaY úksuh .kqfokq m%udKh
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk Y=oaO moku u; úfoaY úksuh iemhSu wvq ùug

13"600 g idfmalaIj t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 14"780 la
olajd jr®Okh úh' 2015 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 6"867 la jQ t;eka fj<|fmd< uqΩ .kqfokq
m%udKh" 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 6"072 la
^uqΩ .kqfokqj,ska ishhg 41'1& olajd wvq jqj o" 2016
jifr® ° jQ b†˙ fj<|fmd< uqΩ .kqfokq m%udKh
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 6"732 g
idfmalaIj t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 8"709 olajd ie,lsh
hq;= f,i jeä úh' fï w;r" 2016 jir ;=< °
úfoaY úksuh i|yd b,aÆu iy iemhqu w;r jQ
fkd.e<mSu yuqfõ úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;slh
úYd, jYfhka wjm%udKh ùu md,kh ls¯ug
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j foaYSh úfoaY úksuh fj<|fmd<
fj; ue†y;a jQ w;r" tys° Y=oaO moku u; imhk
,o úfoaY úksuh m%udKh t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
768 la úh' fuh" t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"132 la
fj<|fmdf<ka wjfYdaIKh lr .ekSulska iy t'c'
fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"900 la fj<|fmd<g iemhSulska
iukaú; úh' flfia jqj;a" 2015 jir ;=< t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 3"429 l iemhSulska iy t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
179 l wjfYdaIKh lr .ekSulska foaYSh úfoaY
5
fya;= úh'
2016 jir ;=< fláld,Skj úksuh
wkqmd;slh wjm%udKh jkq we;ehs hk fj<|fmd<
wfmalaIdj" b†˙ úksuh .kqfokqj, wê ñ, fjkia
ùu iy jd◊c nexl=j, Y=oaO wkdjrK ;;a;ajh
u.ska ms<sìUq úh' ta wkqj" úksuh wkqmd;slh
wjm%udKh jkq we;ehs hk fj<|fmd< wfmalaIdj
ms<sìUq lrñka" 2016 jifr® ° udihla i|yd jk
b†˙ úksuh .kqfokq wê ñ, idudkH fmd,S
wkqmd;sl wka;rhg jvd by< uÜgul mej;=◊'
flfia jqj;a" b†˙ ld,fha ° foaYSh úfoaY úksuh
fj<|fmd< fj; jk úfoaY úksuh ,eîï by<
hkq we;ehs hk wfmalaIdj ms<sìUq lrñka" udi ;=k
iy udi yh i|yd jk b†˙ úksuh .kqfokq wê
ñ, idudkH fmd,S wkqmd;sl wka;rhg jvd my<
uÜgul mej;=◊' fï w;r" jir ;=< ° iuia;hla
f,i Ok uÜgul mj;ajd .kq ,enQ jd◊c nexl=j,
Y=oaO wkdjrK ;;a;ajh u.ska o flá ld,Skj
t'c' fvd,rhg idfmalaIj remsh, wjm%udKh jkq
we;ehs hk wfmalaIdj ms<sìUq fl˙◊'

191
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
úfYaI igyk 8
úfoaY úksuh .kqfokq iïnkaOfhka Y%S ,dxlsl mßph - úksuh md,khkays úldYkh"
,sys,alrKhka iy bÈß oelau
1' ye¢kaùu
iajhxfmdaIs;ùu i|yd fndfyda rgj,g YlH;djhla
fkdue;s jkakdfiau th m%dfhda.sl fkdjkaklao
neúka hï rgla f.da,Sh wdr®:ßlhg újD; ls¯u
tkï fld;rï ≥rg úfoaY úksuh m%jdyhka ksoyfia
.,dhdug bv fokjdo hkak iqúfYaIS idr®j wdr®:ßl
m%;sm;a;shls' ta wkqj" fkajdislhka úiska úfoaY
jHjydr uqo,a ñ,° .ekSu$úls”u fyda wfkajdislhka
úiska foaYSh uqo,a ñ,° .ekSu$úls”u fld;rï ≥rg
is≥ lrkafkao hkak" ;u rfÜ uqo,a tallh iy
ndysr ixÑ; wdrlaId lr .ekSfï wruqK fmroe˙j
rdcH m%;sm;a;sh u.ska ;SrKh lrkq ,nk w;r tys
m%;sM,hla f,i úfoaY úksuh md,kh ls¯u fyda
,sys,a ls¯u is≥fõ'
2' Y%S ,dxlsl mßph
Y%S ,xldj 1944 ° úksuh md,khka y`≥kajd fok
,°' fojk f,dal hqO iufha° úksuh md,k
fomdr®;fïka;=j msysgqjk ,°' tjlg mej;s
wjYH;djhkag wkqj" th fkdfhl=;a fjkialïj,g
Ndckh úh' wjia:d foll° tys fufyhqï" wdkhk
yd wmkhk fomdr®;fïka;=j yd taldnoaO lr"
fomdr®;fïka;= foflysu j.lSï tla ks,Od˙fhl=
5
fj; mjrk ,°' uy nexl=j msysgqjk wjia:dfõ°"
úksuh md,kh uyck;djf.a fm!oa.,sl;ajh
flfrys iDcqju yd mqΩ,aj n,mdk neúka th wjidk
jYfhka rcfha j.lSula f,i mej;Su jvd fhda.H
nj ie<ls◊' tneúka" uqo,a wud;HxYh hgf;a tjlg
mej;s úksuh md,k fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ldr®hNdrh
rcfha ksfhda‚;hd jYfhka uy nexl=j Ndr.; hq;=
nj uqo,a wud;Hjrhdg ksr®foaY lrk ,°' ta wkqj"
1950 ° uy nexl=j msysgqjk wjia:dfõ° úksuh md,k
fomdr®;fïka;=j uy nexl=j hg;g f.fkk ,°'
úksuh md,kfha jr®udk kS;sh jk 1953 wxl 24 ork
úksuh md,k mk; 1953 wf.daia;= 15 jk †k kS;s.;
lrk ,°' úksuh md,k mkf;a uQ,sl úêúOdkhka
my; m˙† fõ'
w' uqo,a wud;Hjrhd úiska ksl=;a lrkq ,nk
úOdkhka hgf;a úksuh md,k mkf;a
m%;smdokhka l%shd;aul ls¯fuys,d rcfha
ksfhda‚;hd jYfhka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
j.lSug nef|a'
wd' úksuh md,k mkf;a m%;smdokhka l%shd;aul
ls¯u i|yd úksuh md,k fomdr®;fïka;=j
ia:dms; lr we;' ta wkqj" úksuh md,k mkf;a
´kEu m%;smdokhla u.ska" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
úiska l%shd;aul ls¯u fyda bgq ls¯u wjYH hehs
kshu flfrkakd jQ fyda wêld˙h ,nd fokq
192
,enQ ´kEu n,hka" rdcld¯ka iy ldr®hhka"
wêm;s;=udf.a úOdkhka yd md,khg hg;aj
l%shd;aul ls¯u fyda bgq ls¯u i|yd úksuh
md,k fomdr®;fïka;=fõ m%Odkshd jYfhka
úksuh md,l fyda Tyq fjkqfjka fjk;a
n,h,;a ks,Od˙fhl= fj; n,h mejfr®'
we' úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a tjeks wjirhka
,nd°fï wêld˙h wod< úOdkhka ksl=;a ls¯u
yryd n,h,;a fjf<kafol= yg mej¯ug
úksuh md,lg yelshdj we;' n,h,;a
fjf<kafol= f,i lghq;= ls¯u i|yd uqo,a
wud;Hjrhd úiska ´kEu jd◊c nexl=jla
i|yd wêld˙;ajh ,nd †h yel'
wE' Y%S ,xldfõ fkajdislhka yd Y%S ,xldfjka
msg; fkajdislhka w;r is≥ jk .kqfokq iy
Y%S ,xldj ;=< yd Y%S ,xldfjka msg; is≥ lrkq
,nk úfoaY úksuh yd iïnkaO .kqfokq i|yd
mQr®j wjirh ,nd.; hq;=h' tjeks wjirhka
u.ska r;%ka" uqo,a fkdaÜgq" iq/l=ïm;a" Kh
f.ùï" foam< iy wdkhk$wmkhk mej¯ï
wd†h wdjrKh fõ'
b' fndfyda wjia:djkays° tlS wjirhka Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j úiska ,ndosh hq;= w;r we;eï
wjia:djl°" uqo,a wud;Hjrhd úiska wjirh
,nd†h hq;= fõ'
B' úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a m%odkh flfrk
´kEu wjirhla" wkque;shla fyda wêld˙hla"
fmd≥ fyda úfYaI" ksh; fyda fldkafoais.;"
wj,x.= ls¯u fyda fjkia ls¯u fyda kej;
wÆ;a ls¯u fkdlrkafkakï ksh; l,a ms¯fï
†khlska iukaú; úh yelsh'
W' ´kEu úfoaY j;alï r|jd .ekSula$w;am;a
lr .ekSula$neyer ls¯ula ms<sn|j Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j oekqj;a l< hq;=h'
W!' úksuh md,k mkf;a úIhm:h hg;g .efkk
ldrKd iïnkaOfhka f;dr;=re b,a,d isàug
iy m˙Y%hka fida†is ls¯ug úksuh md,lg
yelsh'
t' úksuh md,k mkf;a úêúOdkhka W,a,x>kh
ls¯ula ms<sn| úur®Ykh ls¯ug yd tjeks
jrolrejkag tfrysj ov uqo,a mekùug fyda
ffk;sl l%shdudr®. .ekSug Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg
yelsh'
ta' uqo,a wud;Hjrhd úiska mkf;a uQ,Or®u
yd m%;smdok l%shd;aul ls¯ug wjYH m˙†
fr.=,dis ieliSu l< yelsfõ'
T' uy nexl=fõ ;SrKhla ms<sn| iEySulg m;a
fkdjk ´kEu wfhl=g wud;Hjrhd fj;
wNshdpkd b†˙m;a ls¯fï yelshdj we;'

3' Y%S ,xldfõ úksuh md,khka ,sys,a lsÍfï m%Odk
ixêia:dkhka
3'1' f.jqï fYaIh yd iïnkaO .egΩj,g úi`≥ï
fiùfï wruq◊ka" 1961 ° oeä úksuh md,k
l%uhla y`≥kajd fok ,°' ta wkqj" wdkhk yd
wmkhk md,l úiska úksuh wjirm;a f,i
Ndú;hg .eKqkq n,m;% ksl=;a lrk ,°' ishÆ
wdkhk yd wmkhk ksYaÑ; fr.=,disj,g
hg;a úh' w;HdjYH whs;u f,i jr®. lrk ,o
NdKav muKla wdkhkh i|yd wjir ,nd °
;snq◊'
3'2' 1970 isg 1977 olajd" úksuh yd wdkhk
md,khkag wu;rj oaú;aj úksuh wkqmd;
l%uhla mej;=◊' fuu l%uh hgf;a" w;HdjYH
whs;u ks, úksuh wkqmd;hla hgf;a
wdkhkh ls¯ug bv ,nd≥ka w;r wfkl=;a
wdkhkhka by< úksuh wkqmd;hka hgf;a
is≥ l<hq;= úh'
3'3' 1977 fkdjeïnr® udifha°" újD; wdr®:ßl
m%;sm;a;s hgf;a y`≥kajd≥ka" kj rcfha wdr®:ßl
m%;sixialrKj, fldgila f,i úksuh
wkqmd; l%uh ,sys,a lrk ,°' fuu wjia:dj"
cx.u .sKqu ,sys,a ls¯fï uQ,drïNh f,i
ie<fla'
3'4' cx.u .sKqu ,sys,a ls¯fï lghq;= 1993 ° jvd;a
fõ.j;a jQ w;r" 1994 ° cd;Hka;r uQ,H
wruqof,a .súiqï.; fldkafoaiskays ^iïuq;Ska&
VIII jk f√oh ms<s.ekSfï m%;sM,hla f,i
1994 ° ishÆu cx.u .sKqï .kqfokq ,sys,a
lrk ,°' ta wkqj" lsis≥ úksuh ndOdjlska
f;drj tjka .kqfokq i|yd úfoaY úksuh
ksoyia ls¯u ms◊i n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=
^tkï úfoaY úksuh iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a
fjf<`≥ka& yg wjir ,nd fok ,°'
3'5' cx.u .sKqu ,sys,a ls¯fuka wk;=rej"
cd;Hka;r uQ,H .kqfokq is≥ ls¯fï ° by<
ldr®hlaIu;djhla <`.d lr .ekSfï wruq◊ka
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska m%d.aOk .sKqï
.kqfokq o l%ñlj ,sys,a lr we;'
4' úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a fï jk úg isÿ lr we;s
,sys,alrKhka1
4'1' b,a,Sïj, ioaNdjh ms<sn|j iEySulg
m;aùfuka wk;=rej" ishÆ cx.u ^m%d.aOk
fkdjk& .kqfokq i|yd ndOdjlska f;drj
úfoaY úksuh ksoyia ls¯u ms◊i n,h,;a
fjf<`≥ka tkï" n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= yg
wjir we;' cx.u .sKqï .kqfokq hkakg"
fjf<| NdKav wdkhkh yd wmkhkh i|yd
1 fuu ,sys,alrKhka ms<sn`oj iïmQr®K úia;r iy wod< j.ka;s yd fldkafoais
iúia;rj ±k.ekSu ms◊i wod< fufyhqï Wmfoia$úOdkhka$pl%f,aLhka
lshjd ne,sh hq;=h' msg;g /f.k hdyels w;r tys iuia;
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s
lrk f.ùï" wOHdmk iy ffjoH m%;sldr
we;=Ω ´kEu wruqKla fjkqfjka lrkq
,nk msgrg ixpdr iy fiajd fjkqfjka
lrk f.ùï" msgrg m†xÑ hefmkakka
fjkqfjka lrkq ,nk fma%IK" ,dN" ,dNdxY"
fmd<S" l=,S wdodhï wd†h fma%IKh ls¯u" keõ
fiajd" .=jka fiajd yd .e,al=,S yd iïnkaO
f.ùï wd†h we;=<;a fõ'
4'2' ixpdrl wruqKq i|yd ,ndf.k m%fhdackhg
fkdf.k ,xldjg /f.k wd úfoaY jHjydr
uqo,a" Y%S ,xldfjka msg;° ,o úfoaY jHjydr
uqo,a" Y%S ,xldfjka msg; jdisl mqoa.,fhl= yg
imhk ,o fiajd fjkqfjka ,o úfoaY jHjydr
uqo,a fyda wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a
.sKqï" fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï"
fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï
yd úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqï ysñhka
úiska tu .sKqïj,ska wdmiq ,nd .kakd ,o
úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a" t'c' fvd,r® 10"000 la
olajd ;ud ika;lfha r|jd .; yel'
4'3' wfkajdislhkag imhk ,o NdKav yd fiajd
fjkqfjka f.ùï jYfhka ,efnk úfoaY
jHjydr uqo,a Ndr .ekSug fkajdislhka
yg wjir we;' tfia Ndr .kakd ,o
uqo,a" úls”fï †k isg †k 7la olajd ;ud
ika;lfha r|jd .; yels w;r bkamiqj úfoaY
úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqulg ner ls¯u fyda
n,h,;a fjf<kafol= yg úls”u is≥ l<
5
hq;=h'
4'4' úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqï mj;ajdf.k
hkq ,nk mqoa.,hka yg ´kEu wruqKla
fjkqfjka úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska Kh .ekSug
wjir we;s w;r" wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr
uqo,a .sKqï mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk ixl%u◊l
fiajlhska" oaú;aj mqrjeishka yd fjk;a rgl
ia:ßr fkajdisl ùid ysñ mqoa.,hka yg ksjdi
wruqKq i|yd úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska Kh
,nd.; yel' wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a
.sKqï ysñ ixl%u◊l fiajlhka yg ´kEu
wruqKla fjkqfjka Y%S ,xld remsh,aj,ska o
Kh ,nd.; yel'
4'5' úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a ´kEu m%udKhla ,xldjg
/f.k taug ´kEu mqoa.,fhl= yg wjir we;s
w;r tys iuia; jákdlu t'c' fvd,r® 15"000
blaujkafka kï fyda tu mqoa.,hd úiska t'c'
fvd,r® 5"000 g jeä m%udKhla úfoaY jHjydr
uqo,a fkdaÜgqj,ska wdmiq /f.k hdug woyia
lrkafka kï tu jákdlu Y%S ,xld fr®.=jg
m%ldY l< hq;=h'
4'6' Y%S ,xldfõ fkajdisl mqoa.,fhl= úiska úfoaY
jHjydr uqo,a ´kEu m%udKhla Y%S ,xldfjka
193
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
jákdlu t'c' fvd,r® 10"000 blaujkafka kï
fyda úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgqj,ska iukaú;
jk m%udKh t'c' fvd,r® 5"000 blaujkafka kï
ta ms<sn| Y%S ,xld fr®.=jg m%ldY l< hq;=h'
4'7' Y%S ,xldfõ fkajdisl mqoa.,fhl= yg re' 20"000
olajd Y%S ,xld remsh,a wmkhkh ls¯ug yd
wdkhkh ls¯ug wjir we;'
4'8' my; mqoa.,hka yg Y%S ,xldfjka msg; nexl=
.sKqï újD; ls¯ug" mj;ajdf.k hdug iy
l%shd;aul ls¯ug yel'
w' jHdmdr" wOHhk fyda ffjoH m%;sldr lghq;=
i|yd ;djld,slj Y%S ,xldfjka neyer jQ
Y%S ,xldfõ fkajdisl mqoa.,fhla
wd' Y%S ,xldfjka msg;g jD;a;Suh ‍fiajdjka imhk
;eke;af;la fyda Y%S ,xldfõ ,shdm†xÑ
iud.ula$wdh;khla
we' Y%S ,xldfjka msg; wdfhdackh ls¯u
i|yd wud;Hjrhd úiska wjir ,nd≥ka
;eke;af;la fyda Y%S ,xldfõ ,shdm†xÑ
iud.ula$wdh;khla
wE' fjf<| NdKav wmkhklrefjla
b' fjk;a rgl j,x.= ks;H fkajdisl n,m;%hla
,ndf.k we;s ;eke;af;la
B' oaú;aj mqrjeisfhla
W' wOHdmk lghq;= i|yd Y%S ,xldfjka neyerj
fjk;a rglg hdug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk
5
Y%S ,xldfõ fkajdisl mqoa.,fhl= yg tlS
rfÜ ùid wkqu; lrk wêld˙h úiska YsIH
ùid ,nd .ekSfï wruqK fjkqfjka tu
rfÜ .sKqula újD; lr mj;ajdf.k hdu
wjYH hehs kshu lrk wjia:djl° tjka
mqoa.,fhla
4'9' wfkajdislhka iu. Y%S ,xldj ;=<° my; i|yka
.kqfokq ls¯ug fkajdislhka yg wjir we;'
w' fldgia ksl=;a ls¯u yd mej¯u iïnkaOfhka
wfkajdislhka yg f.ùï ls¯ug yd Tjqkaf.a
f.ùï ,eîug
wd' wjir,;a mqoa.,hka úiska Y%S ,xld
remsh,aj,ska kdukh lrk ,o ne`≥ïlr ñ,°
.ekSug" mej¯ug yd tajdg wod, .kqfokq
iïnkaOfhka f.ùï ls¯ug
we' remsh,aj,ska kdukh lrk ,o NdKavd.dr
ì,am;a iïnkaOfhka úfoaY mqrjeishkag"
Y%S ,xldfjka msg; ixia:d.; ixia:dms;
wdh;kj,g yd úfoaYSh wdh;ksl
wdfhdaclhka yg f.ùï ls¯ug
wE' wjir,;a mqoa.,hka úiska" Y%S ,xld rch
úiska ksl=;a lrkq ,nk Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok
ne`≥ïlr ñ,° .ekSug" mej¯ug yd ta
iïnkaO f.ùï ls¯ug
194
b' Y%S ,xld iq/l=ïm;a yd úksuh fldñIka
iNd mk; hgf;a ksl=;a lr we;s
n,m;%hla u; l%shd;aul jk tall Ndrhl
tall" .eiÜ ksfõokfha i|yka lr we;s
;eke;a;ka yg ksl=;a ls¯ug" mej¯ug iy
ta iïnkaO f.ùï ls¯ug
B' Y%S ,xld .sKqïlrK yd ú.Kk m%ñ;s mk;
wkqj úfYaIfhka i|yka lrk ,o jHdmdr
wdh;khla f,i jr®.SlrKh lr we;s
iud.ul Y%S ,xld remsh,aj,ska kdukh
lr we;s" f.jd ksoyia l<yels jr”h
fldgia" .eiÜ ksfõokfha i|yka lr
we;s Y%S ,xldfjka msg; jdisl mqoa.,hkag
ksl=;a ls¯ug yd mej¯ug
W' Y%S ,xldfõ ixia:dms; iud.ul Y%S ,xld
remsh,aj,ska kdukh lr we;s ,ehsia;=.;
yd ,ehsia;=.; fkdl< Khlr wfkajdisl
wdfhdaclhkag ksl=;a ls¯ug yd mej¯ug
W!' ksYap, foam< iïnkaOfhka wfkajdislhkag
Y%S ,xld remsh,aj,ska f.ùï ls¯ug
t' wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï"
fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï"
fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a
.sKqï yd úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqï
ysñhka úiska ´kEu wruqKla fjkqfjka"
tkï" iq/l=ïm;a w;alr .ekSug yd fjk;a
´kEu m%d.aOk yd cx.u .kqfokq i|yd
Y%S ,xldfjka msg;g f.ùï ls¯ug
4'10' Kh$yr ldâm;a Ndú;d lrñka fm!oa.,sl
Ndú;h fjkqfjka Y%S ,xldfjka msg; jdisl
mqoa.,hkag úfoaY úksufhka f.ùï ls¯u
i|yd Y%S ,xldfõ fkajdislhskag wjir we;'
4'11' neyer ls¯ï yd iSud ls¯ïj,g hg;aj Y%S
,xldj ;=< we;eï jHdmd˙l l%shdldrlïj,
kshe,Sug úfoaY iud.ï yg wjir we;'
4'12' Y%S ,xldfjka msg; jdislhkaf.ka Kh ,nd
.ekSu i|yd foaYShj ixia:dms; iud.ï yg
wjir we;'
4'13' mkjd we;s iSud ls¯ïj,g hg;aj Y%S ,xldfjka
msg; wjir,;a lafIa;%hkays wdfhdackh ls¯u
i|yd fkajdislhkag wjir we;'
4'14' úfoaY ldr®hd, msysgqùu iy mj;ajdf.k hdu
i|yd wruqo,a fma%IKh ls¯ug Y%S ,xldfõ
,shdm†xÑ iud.ï iy yjq,a jHdmdr i|yd
wjir we;'
4'15' wdjD; .sKqïj, mj;akd wruqo,a fma%IKh
ls¯u
÷ fjk;a rgl ia:ßr fkajdisl;ajh ,ndf.k
we;s Y%S ,dxlslfhl=g(
- uQ,sl ixl%u◊l °ukdj f,i t'c'
fvd,r® 150"000 la o" bkamiqj jdr®Isl

°ukdj f,i t'c' fvd,r® 20"000 la o
fma%IKh l<yel'
- fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a" fiajl
Ndrldr wruqo,a" md˙f;daIsl °ukd we;=Ω
wfkl=;a ishÆu úY%dñl m%;s,dN iy
jr®;k wdodhï wdjD; .sKqula yryd
ksoyfia fma%IKh l< yel'
÷ úcd;slhka úiska jdr®Islj t'c' fvd,r®
20"000 la olajd uqo,ska fma%IKh l<yel'
4'16' Y%S ,xldj ;=< r;%ka ñ,° .ekSug yd úls”ug;a
Y%S ,xldfjka r;%ka wmkhkh ls¯ug yd Y%S ,xldjg
r;%ka wdkhkh ls¯ug;a Y%S ,xldfõ isák
´kEu mqoa.,fhl=g wjir we;' flfiafj;;a"
tjeks wdkhk$wmkhkj, m%udKh" jákdlu
iy wruqK Y%S ,xld fr®.=fõ wOHlaI fj;
m%ldY l< hq;=h'
4'17' wOHdmksl wruqKq i|yd úfoaY.; ù isák
Y%S ,dxlslhka yg úfoaY rgj, nexl="
uQ,H wdh;k" úYajúoHd, fyda wOHdmksl
wdh;kj,ska Kh ,nd .ekSug;a n,h,;a
fjf<kafol= yryd Y%S ,xldfjka wruqo,a
fma%IKh ls¯fuka tu Kh wdmiq f.ùug;a
wjir we;'
4'18' Á ,xldfõ fiajd kshqla; úcd;slhka yg jegqma"
fõ;k iy wfkl=;a m%;s,dN we;=Ωj Tjqkg
lrkq ,nk f.ùï Tjqka úiska mj;ajdf.k
hkq ,nk wjir,;a úfoaY jHjdyr uqo,a
.sKqïj,g ner ls¯ug wjir we;'
5' b†˙ .ukau.
1970 w. Nd.fha isg wdr®:ßl iy fjf<| m%;sm;a;s ,sys,a
ls¯ug wkq.dój" by; úia;r l< m˙† foaYdka;˙l
m%d.aOk m%jdyhka i|yd l%ñlj wjia:djka i,id ° we;'
cd;Hka;r m%d.aOk fjf<|fmd< iu. taldnoaOùug
wjia:djka iïmdokh lrk w;r;=r rg ;=<g .,d tk
m%d.aOk m%jdyhka" úfYaIfhkau foaYSh wdfhdackhka
i|yd jk wruqo,a iïmdokh by< kxjk ,°' úfoaY
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s
wdfhdack i|yd jvd;a fhda.H flakaøia:dkhla
f,i rgl wdlr®I”h;ajh wfkl=;a lreKq w;˙ka
m%Odk jYfhkau r|d mj;skqfha trfÜ m%d.aOk
.sKqu fld;rï≥rg újD;j mj;skafkao hkak u;hs'
tneúka" mQr®j wkque;Ska" ≥Ialr;djhka" l,a.; jk
l%shdmámdàka yd iSud ls¯ïj,ska f;drj ráka msg;g
yd rg ;=<g wruqo,a fma%IKh ls¯ug we;s yelshdj"
úfoaY wdfhdack m%jr®Okh iy wdlr®IKh ls¯fuys,d
jeo.;a idOlhla fõ'
cd;Hka;r uQ,H .kqfokq is≥ ls¯fï° by<
ldr®hlaIu;djhla ,nd .ekSfï iy wdr®:ßl
l%shdldrlïj,g ;j≥rg;a myiqlï ie,iSfï
wruq◊ka by; idrdxY.; l< wdldrhg m%d.aOk
.sKqu iïnkaO úfoaY úksuh fr.=,dis l%ñlj ,sys,a
lr we;' flfiafj;;a rg ;=<g .,d tk m%d.aOk
m%jdyhka yd ráka msg;g .,d hk m%d.aOk m%jdyhka
;j≥rg;a ;rula ndOdld¯ njg fmd≥ u;hla mj;S'
fuu ;;a;ajhg ms<shï fh°ula jYfhka kj mk;la
y`≥kajd fok njg miq.sh whjeh ksfõokhkays° rch
úiska m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,°' ta wkqj" kj úfoaY
úksuh l<ukdlrK rduqjla y`≥kajd°u i|yd jk
uQ,sl lghq;= fï jk úg is≥ flfrñka mj;sk
w;r" kj úfoaY úksuh flgqïm; mdr®,sfïka;=fõ
wkque;shg b†˙m;a ls¯ug fmr rcfha .eiÜ m;%fha
m< lr we;'
5
uQ,dY%(
Y%S ,xld uy nexl= jdr®Isl jdr®;d
1953 wxl 24 ork úksuh md,k mk;
Kumari Jayawardena & Jennifer Moragoda (2008). N.U.
Jayawardena "The First Five Decades"
Samarasiri, P. (2008). Exchange Control Liberalization,
Measures and Their Economic Impact on the Economy
Sessional Paper XIV – 1949, November 1949 Report on
the Establishment of a Central Bank for Ceylon
195
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

196

6'1 iuia; ksÍlaIK
o Yl lsysmhla uq`M,af,a Y%S ,xldj úiska
w;aolsk ,o rdcH uQ,H wiu;=,s;;djhka
i|yd uQ,sl jYfhka fya;= jQ by< whjeh
ys`.hka we;s ls¯ug m%Odk jYfhka ∞hl jk
rcfha wd∞hu wLKavj wvq ùu ms<sn|j wjOdkh
fhduq lrñka" 2016 jir ;=< ° wd∞hï mdol lr.;a
rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d l%shdudr®. l%shd;aul ls¯u
i`oyd rch ±ä lemùulska hq;=j l%shd lf<ah'
Y%S ,xldfõ tal mqoa., wd∞hu miq.sh oYl fol
;=< ia:djr f,i by< .sh o" rcfha wd∞hï tla/ia
ls¯u rdcH úhoïj,g jvd ie,lsh hq;= f,i
wvq uÜgul mej;s w;r" th rcfha mqkrdjr®;k
úhoï wdjrKh ls¯ug ;rïj;a m%udKj;a fkdùh'
ixlSr®K n≥ kS;s" úúO n≥ ksoyia ls¯ï$n≥
úrdu" n≥ moku mgq ùu" n≥ meyer ye¯u yd
n≥ m˙md,kfhys mj;akd ≥r®j,;d hkd†h ksid
rcfha n≥ wd∞hu wvq ùfï m%;sM,hla f,i 1990
ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< ° o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla
f,i ishhg 20 lg jvd jeä w.hl mej;s rcfha
wd∞hu 2014 jir jk úg ishhg 11'5 olajd b;d
wvq uÜgulg my; jegq◊' rdcH wd∞hfï wvq
l%shdld˙;ajh fya;=fjka whjeh ys`.h uQ,Hkh ls¯u
i|yd rchg úYd, jYfhka Kh u; /£ isàug
is≥ úh' rdcH Kh uQ,Hkh" fm!oa.,sl wdfhdack
i|yd mej;s wruqo,a m%udKh iSud lrñka f;rmqï
m%;súmdlhla we;s ls¯ug fya;= jQjd muKla fkdj
fj<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< hEu flfrys o
mSvkhla we;s lrkq ,eîh' ;jo" iïm;a mr;rh
mshùu i|yd foaYSh nexl= uQ,dY% u; jeä jYfhka
rπ mej;Su wdr®:ßlh u; WoaOuk mSvkhla we;s
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yd
6
rdcH uQ,H lghq;=
ls¯u i|yd mdol ù we;s w;r" úfoaYSh uQ,Hkh
by< hEu úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;slh úp,kfhka
we;s jk wj∞ku by< hEu i|yd o fya;= ù we;'
Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï mshùu i|yd o rch úiska
úYd, jYfhka Kh ,nd .ekSug fm<ö we;s
w;r" th miq.sh jir lsysmh ;=< Kh talrdYS ùu
i|yd ;j≥rg;a fya;= ù we;' ksoiqkla f,i" rch
úiska 2015 jifr® ° Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï i|yd
iuia; wd∞hfuka ishhg 90'6 la jeh lrk ,°'
fuu miqìu ;=<" rch wfmalaIs; whjeh b,lal
<`.d lr .ekSu i|yd" úfYaIfhka w;HjYH
m%d.aOk úhoï we;=`M wfkl=;a úhoï lmd ye¯ug
mj;sk iSudjka o i,ld n,d" wd∞hï mdol lr.;a
rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d l%shdj,shla fj; wjOdkh fhduq
lrñka úêu;a rdcH uQ,H .e,mqï l%shd;aul ls¯fï
ld,Sk wjYH;djh y∫kdf.k we;' wd∞hï mdol
lr.;a rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d l%shdj,sh rdcH uQ,H
wjldYh m%idrKh lrkq ,nk w;r" rcfha uQ,H
;;a;ajfhys ;sridr njg lsis≥ ydkshla fkdjk m˙†
w;HjYH mqkrdjr®;k úhoï iy rdcH wdfhdack
is≥ ls¯u i|yd wjYH uQ,H myiqlï i,ihs' ;jo"
by< rdcH wd∞hu" úYd, f,i úfoaYSh Kh ,nd
.ekSfï wjYH;dj wvq lrkq ,nk w;r" tu.ska
úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;slh wjm%udKh ùu flfrys
we;s jk mSvkh ,sys,a lrkq ,nhs' ta wkqj" 2016
jifr® rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh" rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d
jevigyk Yla;su;a ls¯u Wfoid fhduq jQ w;r"
tu.ska whjeh ys`.h wvq ls¯u ;=<ska ue†ld,Skj
Kh taldrdYS ùu wvq ls¯ug wfmalaId lrhs' fï
i|yd m%Odk jYfhka foaYShj wd∞hï by< kexùu
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
iy M,∞hS fkdjk úhoï ;dr®lSlrKh ls¯u is≥
lrk ,°' fuu m%;sm;a;s ±lau" rch úiska 2016 cqks
ui cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, iu`. we;s lr .;a
;=ka wjqre≥ úia;Sr®K Kh myiqlï jevigyfkys
wka;r®.;j we;'
uE; ld,h ;=< rdcH whjefhys wLKavj
mej;s jHqyd;aul ≥r®j,;d ksjer† ls¯u ms◊i
úhoï wvq ls¯u muKla is≥ lrkq ,nkjdg
jvd wd∞hï mdol lr.;a rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d
l%shdj,shla flfrys rch lem úh' uE; ld,fha°
rdcH uQ,H wxYh ;=< m%Odk .egÆjlaj mej;s
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i rcfha wd∞hu my<
hEfï m%jK;dj" 2015 jir ;=< ° fjkilg ,la jQ
w;r" n≥ moaO;sfha mj;sk .egÆ iu`.u fuu
m%jK;dj ;sridr whq˙ka mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd
;j≥rg;a l%shdudr®. .ekSu wjYH fõ' ta wkqj" n≥
moaO;sh l%uj;a ls¯u yd ir, ls¯u" n≥ moku mq`M,a
ls¯u" n≥ ksoyia ls¯ï yd n≥ iyk ;dr®lSlrKh
ls¯u iy n≥ m˙md,kh Yla;su;a ls¯u i|yd
m%;sixialrK /ila jir ;=< ° l%shd;aul fl˙K'
tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ wkqmd;slh by< ±óu"
tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ yd cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï n≥
hgf;a jQ n≥ ksoyia ls¯ï bj;a ls¯u" kj whs;u n≥
±,g tl;= ls¯fuka tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ moku
mq`M,a ls¯u" cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï n≥ i|yd w∞< jk
ldr®;=uh jákdlu my< ±óu" wdfhdack uKav,h
yryd ,nd ° ;snQ iyk ;dr®lSlrKh ls¯u" wdr®:ßl
fiajd .dia;=j jeks wfkl=;a n≥ jr®. i|yd jk n≥
wkqmd;sl by< ±óu iy n≥ jr®. lsysmhla hgf;a jQ
n≥ ksoyia ls¯ï bj;a ls¯u hkd†h jir ;=< is≥
lrk ,o l%shdudr®.hkag wh;a úh' óg iu.dój"
n≥ m˙md,k l%shdudr®. y∫kajd °u yd l%uj;a ls¯u
6
u.ska n≥ wd∞hï jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd ∞hl jk
l%shdudr®. /ila wkq.ukh lrkq ,eîh' óg w∞<j"
foaYSh wd∞hï fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wd∞hï m˙md,k
l<ukdlrK f;dr;=re moaO;sfha fufyhqï
lghq;= l%shd;aul ls¯u wdrïN lrñka wd∞hï
/ia lrk wdh;k iajhxl%ShlrKh ls¯fï l%shdj,sh
fõ.j;a lrk ,°' Y%S ,xld fr®.=j o cd;sl ;ks
m%fõY moaO;sh (National Single Window System)
ia:dms; ls¯u i|yd uQ,sl mshjr f.k we;' tfiau"
hymd,kh" j.lSu iy úksúoNdjh ms<sn| m˙phka
we;s ls¯ug .kakd W;aidyh ms<sìUq lrñka 2017
jir i|yd jk whjeh u.ska n≥ úhoï ms<sn|
m%ldYkhla mdr®,sfïka;=j fj; m%:u jrg b†˙m;a
lrk ,°' m%Odk n≥ jr®. i|yd rch úiska m%∞kh
lrkq ,enQ n≥ ksoyia ls¯ï" n≥ úrdu iy wfkl=;a
n≥ iykj,g w∞< ms˙jeh ms<sn| úia;rhla
fuu m%ldYkh u.ska imhkq ,nhs' óg wu;rj"
198
cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,a ;dlaIKsl iydh iys;j
kj foaYSh wd∞hï mk;la y∫kajd °u" 2017 jir
i|yd jk whjefhka kshu l< f,ig ldr®;=uh
wd∞hï iy úhoï jdr®;d mdr®,sfïka;=j fj; fhduq
ls¯u iy tl;= l< w.h u; n≥j,g w∞< .egÆ
iudf,dapkh ls¯u hkd†h ;=<ska o wd∞hï tla/ia
ls¯u by< kexfjkq we;ehs wfmalaIs;h'
úhoï iïnkaOfhka .;a l," 2016 jir ;=< °
mqkrdjr®;k úhoï ;dr®lSlrKh ls¯u i|yd
rch úiska mshjr lsysmhla f.k we;' ta wkqj"
wfmalaIs; rdcH uQ,H b,lal <`.d lr .ekSfï °"
ishÆu iqNidOk fhdackd l%u l<ukdlrKh
ls¯fï fhda.H moaO;shla ksr®udKh ls¯u yd
l%shd;aul ls¯u ms◊i 2016 jir ;=< ° rch úiska
2002 wxl 24 ork iqNidOk m%;s,dN mk; hgf;a
ia:dms; lrk ,o iqNidOk m%;s,dN uKav,h
2016 fmnrjd˙ 02 †k wxl 1952$22 .eiÜ m;%h
u.ska n,d;aul lrk ,°' óg wu;rj" fmdfydr
iykdOdrh fjkqjg" uQ,Huh m%∞khla ,nd foñka
fmdfydr iykdOdrhg w∞< ixfYdaOk is≥ lrk
,°' ;jo" iEu wud;HdxYhlau udisl moku u;
is≥ lrk úhoïj,g w∞< ne°ï (commitments)
y∫kd .ekSu i|yd Wmldr jk ne°ï jdr®;d
ls¯fï moaO;shla (Commitment Recording System)
uqo,a wud;HdxYfha ia:dms; lr we;' ;jo"
2016 foieïnr® udifha ° taldnoaO NdKavd.dr
fufyhqï l<ukdlrK moaO;sfha m<uq w†hr
hgf;a tk whjeh ie,iqï ls¯fï fudähq,hla
ishÆu wud;HdxY ;=< l%shd;aul lrk ,°' fï w;r"
rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhkaj, uQ,H úkh iy
wëlaIKh by< kexùu ;=<ska tAjdfha l%shdld¯;ajh
jeä †hqKq ls¯u i`oyd rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhka
w;=˙ka úYd,;u wdh;k myg w∞<j wdh;ksl
wNsm%dh m%ldY (Statements of Corporate Intent) 2017
udr®;= udifha ° w;aika lrk ,°'
2016 jir i|yd jQ rdcH uQ,H b,lal rch
úiska w;am;a lr.;a w;r" rcfha wd∞hï by< hEu
iy o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i úfYaIfhkau
mqkrdjr®;k úhoï we;=`M rcfha uq`M úhoï
wvq ùu fya;=fjka whjeh ys`.h o'foa'ks'fhys
m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg 5'4 olajd wvq úh' 2015
jifr® fkdjeïnr® udifha ° mdr®,sfïka;=jg
b†˙m;a lrkq ,enQ 2016 jir i|yd jQ whjehg
wkqj" 2015 jifr® ° o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla
f,i ishhg 7'6 la jQ iuia; whjeh ys`.h 2016
jifr® ° ishhg 5'9 olajd wvq ls¯ug wfmalaId lrkq
,eîh' wk;=rej" wdr®:ßlfhys is≥ jQ m%jK;djhka
i,ld n,ñka 2016 jir i|yd jQ whjeh ys`.h

o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg 5'4 olajd
;j≥rg;a wvq ls¯u i|yd rcfha we;s lemùu
2016 udr®;= udifha ° wjOdrKh lrk ,°'
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i rcfha wd∞hu 2016
jifr® ° wLKavj fojk jirg;a jeä jQ w;r" ta
i|yd rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhkaj,ska ,o ,dN
iy ,dNdxY ksid ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< .sh n≥
fkdjk wd∞hu fukau n≥ wd∞hu jeä ls¯ug .;a
l%shdudr®. fya;=fjka n≥ wd∞hu by< hEu o fya;=
úh' fï w;r" 2016 jir i|yd mqfrdal:kh lrk
,o uQ,sl weia;fïka;=j,g jvd jeäfhka rcfha
fmd,S f.ùï by< .sh o" o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla
f,i mqkrdjr®;k úhoï jir ;=< ° wvq úh' fï
w;r" m%d.aOk úhoï yd Y=oaO Kh °ï fukau rdcH
wdfhdack o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i wvq jQ
w;r" rdcH wdfhdack jHdmD;s iy jevigyka
m%uqL;djh u; is≥ ls¯u fuu wvq ùu i|yd fya;=
úh' rdcH uQ,H wxYfha jQ fuu m%.;sh iu`." cd;sl
b;s˙ ls¯ïj,g rch olajk ∞hl;ajh ms<sìUq
lrkq ,nk jr®;k .sKqfï fYaIh o'foa'ks'fhys
m%;sY;hla f,i" 2015 jifr® mej;s ishhg 2'3 l
ys`.hg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 0'6 l ys`.hla
olajd wvq úh' miq.sh whjeh ys`.hka fya;=fjka
lrk ,o fmd,S f.ùï bj;a ls¯u u.ska
rcfha whjefhys jr®;udk wNsu; rdcH uQ,H
m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®.h ms<sìUq lrkq ,nk m%d:ñl
.sKqfï fYaIh o" o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i
miq.sh jifr® mej;s ishhg 2'9 l ys`.hl isg
2016 jifr® ° ishhg 0'2 l ys`.hla olajd wvqúh'
fuf,i hym;a uÜgulg m;a jQ m%d:ñl .sKqfï
ys`.h u.ska jvd hym;a rdcH uQ,H ;sridrNdjhla
we;s lr .ekSu i|yd rch ±la jQ W;aidyh ms<sìUq
lrhs' whjeh ys`.h uQ,Hkh ls¯u i|yd rch
m%Odk jYfhka u úfoaYSh uQ,dY% u; rπ mej;s
w;r" ta nj t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"500 l cd;Hka;r
iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr ksl=;a ls¯u iy t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 700 l Kh úfoaY úksuh ld,Sk uQ,H
myiqlu hgf;a ,nd .ekSu u.ska ms<sìUq fõ'
nexl= wxYfhka ,nd .;a Kh 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a
ì,shk 140'0 la jQ w;r" th 2016 jir i|yd jQ
remsh,a ì,shk 182'0 l b,lalh iy 2015 jifr® °
jdr®;d l< remsh,a ì,shk 291'8 l m%udKhg
idfmalaIj ie,lsh hq;= my< hEuls' 2016 jifr® °
uOHu rcfha Kh kdñl jYfhka .;a l,"
miq.sh jirg jvd wvq jr®Okhla jdr®;d l< o" th
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i .;a l, 2016 jir
wjidkh jk úg ° ishhg 79'3 olajd by< .sh
w;r" o'foa'ks'fhys kdñl w.fhys wvq jr®Okh fï
i|yd m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh'
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yd rdcH uQ,H lghq;=
uqo,a wud;HdxYfha rdcH uQ,H l<ukdlrK
jdr®;djg wkqj" rcfha ue† ld,Sk wruqK jkqfha"
2020 jk úg whjeh ys`.h o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla
f,i ishhg 3'5 olajd l%ñlj wvq lr .ekSuhs' óg
iu.dój" rdcH wdfhdack o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla
f,i ishhg 5 l muK uÜgul mj;ajd .kakd
w;r ue†ld,Skj rcfha wd∞hu o o'foa'ks'fhys
m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg 16 l muK m%udKhlg
jeä lr .ekSug wfmalaIs;h' ;jo" 2017 jifr® °
yd bka wk;=rej jr®;k .sKqfï fYaIh w;s˙la;hla
njg m;a lr .ekSug wfmalaIs; w;r" tu.ska
rcfha ffoksl fufyhqï lghq;= i|yd Kh
.ekSu k;r lr .ekSug;a" rcfha wd∞hï rdcH
wdfhdack jevigykaj,g fhdod .ekSug;a yels
jkq we;' óg wu;rj" 2017 jifr® isg m%d:ñl
.sKqfï w;s˙la;hla o mqfrdal:kh lr we;s w;r"
rcfha wd∞hï ;=<ska fmd,S fkdjk úhoï mshjd
.ekSug rch ork W;aidyh tu.ska ms<sìUq fõ'
ta wkqj" wfmalaIs; wd∞hï b,lal <`.d lr
.ekSu i|yd fï jk úg y∫kd f.k we;s wd∞hï
m%;sixialrK m%udohlska f;drj l%shd;aul ls¯u
w;HjYH fõ' mqkrdjr®;k úhoï ±˙h yels
uÜgul mj;ajd .ekSu u.ska whjeh ys`.h wvqlr
.ekSug ork W;aidyhg msgqn,hla iemhsh hq;=j
we;' rdcH wdfhdack ;sridr uÜgulg <`.d
lr .ekSu i|yd há;, myiqlï iïmdokfha °
mqoa.,sl wxYh iyNd.s lr .ekSu w;HjYH jk
w;r" mqoa.,sl wxYfha wdr®:ßl l%shdldrlï i|yd
ys;lr m˙irhla ksr®udKh ls¯ug iy wdr®:ßlfha
iuia; M,∞hs;djh jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd udkj
ixjr®Okh iqrlaIs; ls¯u yd jeä†hqKq ls¯u o
6
wjYH fõ' rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhka ,nk
w,dN wjidkfha ° rcfha j.lSula jk neúka"
bkaOk yd ú≥,sh i|yd iq≥iq iajhxl%Sh ñ,
hdka;%Kh jeks ms˙jeh ms<sìUq jk ñ, hdka;%K
ia:dms; ls¯u ;=<ska tu wdh;k w,dN ,eîulska
f;drj mj;ajd .; hq;= w;r w,dN talrdYS
ùu o je<elaúh hq;=h' ksh`.h iy .xj;=r
jeks iajdNdúl jHikj,g uqyqK °u i|yd o
rchg wu;r wruqo,a wjYH úh yelsh' flfia
fj;;a" fuu uQ,H wjYH;djka wkqu; whjeh
iSudj ;=< l<ukdlrKh lr .ekSug lghq;=
l< hq;=h' tfukau" ue†ld,Skj Kh fiajdlrK
f.ùïj,g w∞<j rchg wNsfhda. /ilg
uqyqK °ug is≥j we;s w;r" 2019 jifr® isg
cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr m˙K; ùï
talrdYS ùu iy foaYSh fj<|fmdf<a fukau
199
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

úfoaYSh fj<|fmd<j, fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< wfkl=;a wxY yd iïnkaO l%shdudr®. .Kkdjla o
hEu fya;=fjka rcfha fmd,S f.ùï by< hEfï ta w;r fõ' 2016 jir i|yd jQ uq,a whjeh wkqj"
mSvkhla we;s ùu jeks wNsfhda. óg we;=<;a fõ' iuia; whjeh ys`.h o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i
tu ksid" rfgys Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï wdY%s;j 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg 7'6 g idfmalaIj 2016
we;s úh yels .egÆ wju lr .ekSu ms◊i iuia; jifr® ° ishhg 5'9 olajd wvq ls¯ug wfmalaId lrk
Kh l<ukdlrKh ms<sn|j ksis wjOdkhla ,°' f.da,Sh wdr®:ßl m˙irfhys is≥jk fjkiaùï
fhduq ls¯ug wjYH jkq we;' ;jo" wfmalaIs; i,ld n,ñka 2016 udr®;= udifha ° rch úiska n≥
m%;sixialrK iïnkaOj" fhda.H ±kqj;a ls¯fï jr®. lsysmhla i|yd ixfYdaOk b†˙m;a l< w;r"
jevigyka ;=<ska rcfha mdr®Yajlrejka iy 2016 jifr® ° whjeh ys`.h o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla
uyckhd m%;sixialrKj, wjYH;dj ms<sn`o f,i ishhg 5'4 olajd wvq ls¯u i|yd jk lemùu
±kqj;a ls¯u ue†ld,Skj wfmalaIs; b,lal imqrd tu.ska fmkakqï fl˙◊'
.ekSu i|yd b;d jeo.;a fõ' whjeh b,lal yd iu.dój hñka rcfha
wd∞hu by< kexùfï wruq◊ka hq;=j 2016 jir
6'2 rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s ÈYdj yd l%shdud¾. i|yd jQ whjeh u.ska wd∞hu jr®Okh lr
2016 jifr® ° rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh" whjeh .ekSu i|yd l%shdudr®. .Kkdjla y∫kajd fok
ys`.h wvq ls¯u iy tu.ska rdcH Kh m%udKh talrdYS ,°' ta wkqj" n≥ moku mq`M,a lrk w;ru" n≥
ùu wvq ls¯u ;=<ska rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d l%shdj,sh l%uh ir, ls¯u i|yd o l%shdudr®. .kakd ,°'
Yla;su;a ls¯u i|yd fhduq úh' ta yd iu.dój" ta w;r" n≥ moaO;sfha wjYH jr®Okhka is≥ ls¯u
rdcH uQ,H l<ukdlrK ^j.lSu& mkf;ys iy i|yd tys ir, nj" meye†,s nj iy ix.; nj
rcfha m%;sm;a;s m%ldYhkays i|yka lr we;s m˙†" ;yjqre ls¯ug n≥ kS;s kej; flgqïm;a ls¯u o
wd∞hu jr®Okh lr .ekSu iy mqkrdjr®;k jir ;=< ° wLKavj is≥ lrk ,°' ;jo" n≥
úhoï ;dr®lSlrKh lr .ekSu i|yd rch úiska tla/ia lrk wdh;kj, lghq;= m˙.Kl.;
m%;sm;a;suh l%shdudr®. lsysmhla l%shdjg kxjk ,°' lrñka n≥ m˙md,kh Yla;su;a ls¯u i|yd foaYSh
ta wkqj" 2015 fkdjeïnr® udifha ° b†˙m;a lrk wd∞hï fomdr®;fïka;=j ;=< wd∞hï m˙md,k
,o 2016 jir i|yd jQ whjeh u.ska l%shdudr®. l<ukdlrK f;dr;=re moaO;sh iy Y%S ,xld fr®.=j
.Kkdjla fhdackd lrk ,o w;r" m%Odk jYfhka ;=< cd;sl ;ks m%fõY moaO;sh l%shdjg kxjk ,°'
n≥ moku mq`M,a ls¯u" n≥ moaO;sh ir, ls¯u iy wd∞hï n≥ moku mq`M,a ls¯u i|yd o
n≥ m˙md,kh jeä†hqKq ls¯u fukau úY%du jegqma l%shdudr®. .Kkdjla fhdackd lrk ,o w;r" bka
l%uh" fmdfydr iykdOdrh yd rch i;= jd◊c iuyrla b†˙fha ° l%shd;aul ls¯ug kshñ;h'
jHjidhhka i|yd m%;sixialrK iy wdr®:ßlfha ta wkqj" wd∞hï n≥ i|yd ixfYdaOk

6
6'1 rEm igyk f,i" ^1& nexl= iy uQ,H fiajd" rlaIK jHdmdrh"
m%Odk rdcH uQ,H o¾Yl fj<| lghq;=" uoHidr" ≥ïfld<" f,d;/hs" TÜgq
^o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i& iy iQ≥ l%Svd yer wdr®:ßlfha wfkla wxY i|yd
0 100 ishhg 17'5 l ;ks ixia:dms; n≥ wkqmd;slhla
-1 90 ^2& uoHidr" ≥ïfld<" f,d;/hs" TÜgq iy iQ≥
80
-2
70
l%Svd i|yd ishhg 40 l by< n≥ wkqmd;slhla
-3 60 ^3& nexl= iy uQ,H fiajd" rlaIK jHdmdrh iy
ishhg

ishhg

-4 50 fj<| lghq;= i|yd ishhg 28 l n≥ wkqmd;slhla

-5 40 iy ^4& uQ,H" fj<|" uoHidr" ≥ïfld<" f,d;/hs"
30
-6 TÜgq iy iQ≥ l%Svd yer wfkl=;a lghq;=j,ska
20
-7 10
,efnk ,dN i|yd ;ks mqoa.,fhl= u; ishhg
-8 0 17'5 l Wm˙u n≥ wkqmd;slhla" fhdackd lr we;'
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ;dj'
óg wu;rj" wdr®:ßl fiajd .dia;= ishhg 0'25 isg
uOHu rcfha fkdmsh jQ jr®;k .sKqfï fYaIh
Kh ^ol=Kq wlaIh& ^jï wlaIh& ishhg 0'5 olajd by< kxjk ,o w;r" ,dN Wmhk
m%d:ñl .sKqfï iuia; fYaIh
jHdmdr i|yd ,nd ° ;snQ w;aye¯u iy jr®Ihla i|yd
fYaIh ^jï wlaIh& ^jï wlaIh& jk n≥ f.úh hq;= Wm˙u iSudj jQ remsh,a ñ,shk
uQ,h( uqo,a wud;HdxYh 120 l iSudj bj;a lrk ,°'

200
 rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yd rdcH uQ,H lghq;=

wd∞hu by< kexùu iy n≥ moku mq`M,a 6'1 ixLHd igyk

ls¯fï wruqK we;sj" jir ;=< ° tl;= l< w.h rdcH uQ,H lghq;= ms<sn| iïmsKavkh
u; n≥ i|yd ixfYdaOk lsysmhla y∫kajd fok 2016 2017
,°' f;d. yd is,a,r fj<πu u; tl;= l< w.h
YSr®Ih 2015 wkqu; ;djld,sl wkqu;
weia;fïka;= weia;fïka;=
u; n≥ mekùu i|yd jQ ldr®;=jl ms˙jegqu remsh,a
remsh,a ñ,shk
ñ,shk 100 isg remsh,a ñ,shk 3 olajd wvq ls¯fï uqΩ wdodhu iy m%odk 1,460,892 1,837,970 1,693,558 2,020,300
fhdackdj we;=`M tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ i|yd uqΩ wd∞hu 1,454,878 1,822,970 1,686,062 2,010,300
2016 uehs 2 †k fhdackd lrk ,o fjk;a fhdackd n≥ wd∞hu 1,355,779 1,646,000 1,463,689 1,827,000
lsysmhla l%shd;aul fkdùh' ;jo" tl;= l< w.h n≥ fkdjk wd∞hu 99,099 176,970 222,374 183,300
u; n≥ i|yd jQ ixfYdaOk flgqïm; mdr®,sfïka;=j m%odk 6,014 15,000 7,496 10,000
úhoï iy wdmiq f.ùï
fj; b†˙m;a ls¯fï ° jHjia:duh l%shdj,sh wkq. wvql< miq Kh °ï 2,290,394 2,578,119 2,333,883 2,645,300
ukh fkdls¯u fya;=fjka tl;= l< w.h u; mqkrdjr®;k 1,701,658 1,717,239 1,757,782 1,946,000

n≥ i|yd jQ ixfYdaOk l%shdjg kexùu m%udo úh' m%d.aOk iy Y=oaO Kh °ï 588,737 860,880 576,101 699,300
thska rdcH wdfhdack 602,767 869,880 594,013 708,300
tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ i|yd jk ^ixfYdaOk& kj
jr®;k .sKqfï w;s˙la;h ^+&$ysÛh ^-& -246,779 105,731 -71,719 64,300
flgqïm;la 2016 iema;eïnr® 13 jk †k wud;H
m%d:ñl .sKqfï w;s˙la;h ^+&$ysÛh ^-& -319,827 -219,697 -29,430 55,087
uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o w;r" tu kj iuia; whjeh w;s˙la;h ^+&$ysÛh ^-& -829,502 -740,149 -640,325 -625,000
flgqïm; i|yd mdr®,sfïka;= wkque;sh 2016 uQ,Hkh 829,502 740,149 640,325 625,000
Tlaf;danr® 26 †k ,nd .kakd ,°' tl;= l< w.h úfoaYSh uQ,Hkh ^w& 236,803 283,149 391,914 332,000
u; ixfYdaOk n≥ mk; wkqj" 2016 uehs 02 isg 2016 foaYSh uQ,Hkh 592,699 457,000 248,411 293,000
cq,s 11 olajd ld,m˙Éf√oh iy 2016 fkdjeïnr® fj<|fmd< Kh .ekSï 592,699 457,000 248,411 293,000
nexl= fkdjk 300,858 275,000 108,456 261,000
01 isg wdrïN jk ld,m˙Éf√oh i|yd w∞< jk
nexl= 291,841 182,000 139,955 32,000
tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ wkqmd;slh ishhg 15 ls' uQ,H wêld˙h 80,254 ,e'fkd 183,085 ,e'fkd
;jo" tu ld,m˙Éf√o i|yd ú≥,s ixfoaY fiajd jd◊c nexl= 211,588 ,e'fkd -43,130 ,e'fkd
iemhSu" ú≥,s ixfoaY lr®udka;h i|yd ;U lïì fj<|fmd< fkdjk
Kh .ekSï - - - -
/yeka we;=`M WmlrK wdkhkh yd iemhSu" ú≥,s o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ^wd&
ixfoaY kshduk fldñIka iNdj úiska foaYSh ú≥,s uqΩ wd∞hu iy m%∞k 13.3 14.7 14.3 15.0
ixfoaY fufyhqïlrejkag n,m;% ksl=;a ls¯ï iy uqΩ wdodhu 13.3 14.6 14.2 14.9
n≥ wd∞hu 12.4 13.2 12.4 13.5
fi!LHdrlaIl fiajd tl;= l< w.h u; noaog
n≥ fkdjk wd∞hu 0.9 1.4 1.9 1.4
hg;a lrk ,°' thg wu;rj" 2016 uehs 02 isg 2016 m%odk 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
cQ,s 11 olajd ld,m˙Éf√oh iy 2016 fkdjeïnr® úhoï iy wdmiq f.ùï
01 isg wdrïN jk ld,m˙Éf√oh i|yd tl;= l< wvql< miq Kh °ï 20.9 20.6 19.7 19.6
mqkrdjr®;k 15.5 13.7 14.8 14.4
w.h u; n≥ i|yd ,shdm†xÑ ùug wjYH iemhqï

6
m%d.aOk iy Y=oaO Kh °ï 5.4 6.9 4.9 5.2
iSudj" ldr®;=jlg remsh,a ñ,shk 3'75 isg remsh,a thska rdcH wdfhdack 5.5 7.0 5.0 5.2
ñ,shk 3'0 olajd wvq lrk ,°' tl;= l< w.h jr®;k .sKqfï w;s˙la;h ^+&$ysÛh ^-& -2.3 0.8 -0.6 0.5
u; n≥ i|yd w∞< ;j;a ixfYdaOk lsysmhla 2016 m%d:ñl .sKqfï w;s˙la;h ^+&$ysÛh ^-& -2.9 -1.8 -0.2 0.4
fkdjeïnr® 01 †k isg n,meje;afjk m˙† y∫kajd iuia; whjeh w;s˙la;h ^+&$ysÛh ^-& -7.6 -5.9 -5.4 -4.6

fok ,°' ta wkqj" tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ moku uQ,Hkh 7.6 5.9 5.4 4.6
úfoaYSh uQ,Hkh ^w& 2.2 2.3 3.3 2.5
mqΩ,a lrñka" u;ameka" is.rÜ" .,aw`.=re" iqj|
foaYSh uQ,Hkh 5.4 3.7 2.1 2.2
ú,jqka" ú≥,s fyda úoHq;a NdKav iy ú≥,s ixfoaY fj<|fmd< Kh .ekSï 5.4 3.7 2.1 2.2
lr®udka;h i|yd Ndú; lrk WmlrK u; tl;= nexl= fkdjk 2.7 2.2 0.9 1.9
l< w.h u; n≥ mkjk ,°' nexl= 2.7 1.5 1.2 0.2
uQ,H wêld˙h 0.7 ,e'fkd 1.5 ,e'fkd
n≥ moku mq`M,a ls¯fï wruq◊ka hq;=j cd;sh jd◊c nexl= 1.9 ,e'fkd -0.4 ,e'fkd
f.dvke.Sfï n≥ i|yd o ixfYdaOk lsysmhla fj<|fmd< fkdjk
Kh .ekSï - - - -
y∫kajd fok ,°' cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï n≥ i|yd uQ,h( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
^w& úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhska fj; ksl=;a lrk ,o
jk ixfYdaOk wkqj" 2016 uehs 02 isg 2016 cQ,s NdKavd.dr ì,am;a yd NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr
11 olajd ld,m˙Éf√oh iy 2016 fkdjeïnr® we;=<;a h'
^wd& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;=fïka;=j
01 isg wdrïN jk ld,m˙Éf√oh i|yd cd;sh úiska 2017'03'15 †k ksl=;a lrk ,o 2015
ixfYdaê; o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
f.dvke.Sfï n≥ i|yd ,shdm†xÑ ùug wjYH

201
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
iemhqï iSudj ldr®;=jlg remsh,a ñ,shk 3'75 isg
ldr®;=jlg remsh,a ñ,shk 3'0 olajd wvq lrk ,°'
ú≥,s ixfoaY fiajd iemhSu" ú≥,s n,h iemhSu"
,sysis f;,a i|yd jQ n≥ w;aye¯u bj;a ls¯u o
fuu ld,m˙Éf√ohg w∞< fõ' óg wu;rj"
2016 fkdjeïnr® 11 †k isg n,meje;afjk m˙†
uqøs; fmd;a" i`.rd" mqj;am;a yer cr®k,a fyda jdr
i`.rd" iQr®h fldaI mek, iy Wmdx. wd° NdKav
.Kkdjla cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï noafoka ksoyia
lrk ,°' flfia fj;;a" 2016 jifr® °" cd;sh
f.dvke.Sfï n≥ wkqmd;slh ishhg 2'0 la f,i
fkdfjkiaj mej;s◊'
fudagr® jdyk wdkhkfha ° iy uoHidr
ksIamdokfha ° we;s jk wd∞hï .s,syS hEï wju
ls¯fï wruq◊ka hq;=j ksIamdok n≥$iqrd n≥
iïnkaOj l%shdudr®. lsysmhla y∫kajd fok ,°'
ta wkqj" fudagr® jdyk i|yd >k fikaá ógr®
u; mokï jQ tall ksIamdok n≥ wkqmd;slhka
y∫kajd fok ,°' ;jo" iQr®h n,h" yhsv%cka fyda
yS,shï Ndú;fhka Odjkh jk m˙ir ys;ldó
fudagr® jdyk Ndú;h †˙u;a ls¯fï wruq◊ka hq;=j
tjeks jdyk i|yd ishhg 2'5 l n≥ wvq ls¯ula
m%∞kh lrk ,°' rg ;=< is≥ jk kS;s úfrdaë iy
wh:d f,i is≥ lrk uoHidr ksIamdokh wju
ls¯fï wruq◊ka hq;=j iqrd n≥ ks,Od¯kag iy
md˙fNda.slhkag oDYHudkj y∫kd .; yels jk
f,i iEu n≥ f.jkq ,enQ uoHidr fnda;,hla
i|yd u wdrlaIs; iaálrhla y∫kajd °ug fhdackd
lrk ,°'
ldKav ;=klska hq;a ;Sre n≥ jHqyhla y∫kajd
6
°u u.ska wdkhk n≥ jHqyh ;dr®lSlrKh
lrk w;r;=r f;dard.;a whs;u i|yd ;Sre n≥
wkqmd;sl by< kxjk ,°' ishhg 25" ishhg 15"
ishhg 7'5 iy n≥ ksoyia f,i mej;s ldKav y;rlska
hq;a ;Sre n≥ jHqyh fjkqjg 2015 fkdjeïnr® ui
21 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† ishhg 30" ishhg 15
iy n≥ ksoyia f,i ldKav ;=klska hq;= ;Sre n≥
jHqyhla y∫kajd fok ,o w;r" tys iïmQr®K n,mEu
2016 jirg w∞< fõ' óg wu;rj" jrdh iy .=jka
f;dgqm< ixjr®Ok noao l,ska mej;s ishhg 5'0 isg
ishhg 7'5 olajd by< kxjk ,°' flfia jqj o"
we;eï bf,dlafg%dksl iy úoHq;a WmlrK i|yd
ishhg 2'5 l wvq n≥ wkqmd;slhla y∫kajd ≥ka
w;r" 2016 jir ;=< ° b†ls¯ï" ls˙ ksIamdok
iy lDIslr®udka;h i|yd fhd∞ .efkk iuyr
hka;%iQ;% i|yd jk jrdh iy .=jka f;dgqm<
ixjr®Ok noao bj;a lrk ,°'
202
foaYSh f.dùka i|yd wjYH wdrlaIdj
iemhSug iy iemhqï wxYh l<ukdlrK
l%shdudr®.hla f,i foaYSh fj<|m< ;=< ñ, .Kka
by< hEï wju ls¯u i|yd wdydr øjH
lsysmhl wdkhkh u; jQ úfYaI fj<| NdKav
noao j˙kajr ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°' ta wkqj"
foaYSh iemhqï ;;a;ajhka ie,ls,a,g .ksñka
wr®;dm,a iy fndïnhs ΩEkq wdkhkfha °
wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao ms<sfj<ska
lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 25 iy lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a
35 jYfhka 2016 udr®;= udifha ° jeä l< w;r"
tu wdydr øjH folu i|yd úfYaI fj<| NdKav
noao lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 40 olajd 2016 wf.daia;=
udifha ° kej;;a jeä lrk ,°' ;jo" r;= ΩEkq
wdkhkfha ° wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao
lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 5 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a
25 olajd jeä l< w;r" iq≥ iSks iy ≥Uqre iSks
wdkhkfha ° wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao
ms<sfj<ska lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 13 yd lsf,da.%Euhg
remsh,a 15 olajd jifr® fojk Nd.fha ° jeä lrk
,°' thg wu;rj" jir ;=< ° t<jΩ f;,a iy
uy≥re îc wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<|
NdKav noao by< kxjk ,°' iïmQr®K m˙mamq ^msh,s
fkdl<& wdkhkfha ° wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav
noao lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 0'25 isg lsf,da.%Euhg
remsh,a 5 olajd o" msh,s l< m˙mamq wdkhkfha °
wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao lsf,da.%Euhg
remsh,a 0'25 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 10 olajd o
2016 iema;eïnr® udifha ° by< kxjk ,°' 2016
fkdjeïnr® udifha °" uqxweg wdkhkfha ° wh l<
úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 10
isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 40 olajd jeä lrk ,o
w;r" uex.=iaáka ^wÆ;a iy úh<s& lsf,da.%Euhla
i|yd remsh,a 200 l" f∞vï ^úh<s& lsf,da.%Euhla
i|yd remsh,a 2"000 l" fmhdr®ia lsf,da.%Euhla
i|yd remsh,a 175 l" fp˙ lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd
remsh,a 250 l" ma,ïia iy iaf,daia lsf,da.%Euhla
i|yd remsh,a 200 l iy lsú µDÜ lsf,da.%Euhla
i|yd remsh,a 175 l úfYaI fj<| NdKav noaola
mkjk ,°' óg wu;rj" foaYSh fj<`ofmdf,a iy,a
iemhqu wvqùu ie,ls,a,g f.k 2017 ckjd˙
ui 07 isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† iïnd iy,a" kdvq
iy,a iy lel=`M iy,a i|yd lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a
15 l úfYaI fj<| NdKav noaola mkjk ,o w;r"
;j≥rg;a th 2017 ckjd˙ ui 28 †k isg †k 30 l
ld,hla i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg
remsh,a 5 la olajd wvq lrk ,°' fï w;r" 2017

ckjd˙ udifha ° t<jΩ f;,a wdkhkfha ° wh l<
úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,iSudjla
i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a
20 lska wvq lrk ,°'
n≥ m˙md,kh jeä†hqKq ls¯u iy wd∞hu
by< kexùu i|yd wd∞hï tla/ia lrkq ,nk
wdh;kj, lghq;= m˙.Kl.; ls¯fï l%shdj,sh
fõ.j;a ls¯u flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrk ,°'
foaYSh wd∞hï fomdr®;fïka;=j ;=< ia:dms; lr
we;s iy n≥ f.jkakka yg tl;= l< w.h u;
n≥" cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï n≥" r|jd .ekSfï n≥ yd
Wmhk úg f.ùfï n≥ wd° n≥ jr®. f.ùu i|yd
fukau wd∞hï jdr®;d Ndr °u i|yd o wka;r®cd,h
^udr®..; l%uh& Tiafia ,shdm†xÑ úh yels wd∞hï
m˙md,k l<ukdlrK f;dr;=re moaO;sfhys
(RAMIS) fufyhqï lghq;= 2016 jir ;=< ° wdrïN
lrk ,°' wd∞hï m˙md,k l<ukdlrK f;dr;=re
moaO;sh jvd fyd¢ka l%shdjg kexùu i|yd ishÆu
rcfha mdr®Yajlrejka" m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd, iy foaYSh
wd∞hï fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ks,Od¯ka i|yd moaO;sfha
l%shd;aul wxY" m%;s,dN iy tys fiajdjka ms<sn|j
wjOdrKh lrñka ±kqïj;a ls¯fï jevigyka
foaYSh wdodhï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska mj;ajk ,°'
fï w;r" NdKav wdkhkh yd wmkhkh wdY%s;
úúO ldr®hhka yiqrejkq ,nk wdh;k iïnkaO
lrñka Y%S ,xld fr®.=j ia:dms; ls¯ug wfmalaIs;
cd;sl ;ks m%fõY moaO;sh ia:dms; ls¯u i|yd
wjYH uQ,sl l%shdudr®. f.k we;' fuu kj moaO;sh
ia:dms; ls¯fï mrudr®:h jkafka wdkhk yd
wmkhk fj<πu i|yd myiqlï ie,iSu iy n≥
wd∞hu /ia ls¯fï ldr®hlaIu;dj by< kexùuhs'
fuhg iïnkaê; wdh;khkays há;, myiqlï
m%udKj;a fkdùu fya;=fjka ñka wfmalaIs; m%;sM,
;ju;a ,eî ke;' tu ksid" fuu cd;sl ;ks m%fõY
moaO;sh ia:dms; ls¯u f,dal fj<| ixúOdkfha
fj<| myiqlï .súiqu hgf;a ia:dms; l< hq;=
m%uqL jHdmD;shla f,i y∫kd f.k we;' cd;sl ;ks
m%fõY moaO;sfha wkqu; ie,iqu f,dal nexl=fõ
iydh we;sj 2017 jir ;=< ° ilia ls¯ug iy 2021
jir jk úg iïmQr®Kfhka ksu ls¯ug;a wfmalaId
flfr®' ksIaldYk myiqlï ;j≥rg;a jr®Okh
ls¯fï wruq◊ka hq;=j ishÆu wdkhklrejka
Y%S ,xld fr®.=fõ ,shdm†xÑ ls¯u wdrïN l< w;r"
wvq wj∞kï iys; wdkhklrejka myiqfjka y∫kd
.; yels jk m˙† wj∞kï wdlD;slrK hdka;%Khla
ksr®udKh lrk ,°' wdkhklrejkag NdKav
ksoyia ls¯u iy läkñka ksIaldYk lghq;= ls¯u
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yd rdcH uQ,H lghq;=
;yjqre ls¯u i|yd NdKav meñ”ug fmr ieliSfï
l%shdj,shla ^pre arrival processing mechanism& o
wdrïN lrk ,°' ;jo" nyÆï iy nvqndysrd†fhys
ksIaldYk lghq;= M,∞hSj yd ldr®hlaIuj is≥
ls¯u ;yjqre ls¯u ;=<ska m%udoùï wju jk iy
wd∞hï jr®Okh by< kexfjk nyÆï m˙f,daalk
(scanning) moaO;shla jrdh yd .=jkaf;dgqm<j,a
wdY%s;j ia:dmkh lrk ,°' thg wu;rj" id.rh
wdY%s;j is≥jk cdjdrï lghq;= j<lajd,Su i|yd
fr®.= iuqøSh lghq;= wxYh kej; l%shd;aul ls¯ug
Y%S ,xld fr®.=j wfmalaId lrhs' uqo,a wud;HdxYh
;=< ia:dms; lr we;s taldnoaO NdKavd.dr
l<ukdlrK f;dr;=re moaO;sh (ITMIS) yryd
whjeh iïmdokh" whjeh l%shd;aul ls¯u" rdcH
wd∞hï úhoï .Kkh" NdKavd.dr lghq;= yd
uqo,a m˙md,kh iy uQ,Huh jdr®;d iïmdokfha °
rchg iydh ùu wd†h iajhxl%ShlrKh ls¯u
;=<ska rdcH uQ,H l<ukdlrKh kùlrKh
ls¯ug wfmalaId flfr®' fuu moaO;sh hgf;a" uqo,a
wud;HdxYh i|yd kj fjí msúiqula ksr®udKh
lr" th 2016 wfm%a,a udifha ° l%shd;aul lrk
,°' taldnoaO NdKavd.dr l<ukdlrK f;dr;=re
moaO;sh w†hr myla hgf;a f.dvk.kq ,efí' m<uq
w†hr jk" whjeh ie,iqï iy moaO;s m˙md,k
fudähq,h wjika lr we;s w;r" 2016 Tlaf;danr®
ui isg i„ùj l%shdjg kxjd we;' ;jo" NdKavd.dr
l<ukdlrKh" wd∞hï l<ukdlrKh" whjeh
úir®ckh" ñ,° .ekSï l<ukdlrKh" úhoï
l<ukdlrKh" fmd≥ f,crh iy moaO;s m˙md,kh
we;=<;a w†hr ˚˚ fudähq,h kshuq jHdmD;shla f,i
uqo,a wud;HdxYh iy fi!LH wud;HdxYh i|yd
6
l%shd;aul jk w;r" wfkl=;a rdcH úhoï ork
wdh;khka o 2017 m<uq Nd.h ;=< ° thg iïnkaO
lr .ekSug wfmalaIs;h' wfkla w†hr ;=k i|yd
w∞< l%shdldrlï 2017 jir ;=< ° l%shdjg kexùug
wfmalaId flfr®'
rdcH úhoï M,∞hSj l<ukdlrKh ls¯u
ffOr®hj;a ls¯u ;=<ska ue†ld,Sk rdcH uQ,H †Ydj
wfmalaIs; m˙† mj;ajdf.k hEu i|yd jir ;=< °
m%;sm;a;suh fjkialï lsysmhla is≥ lrk ,°'
ldr®;=uh úhoï iy wd∞hï m%;sM, mdr®,sfïka;=jg
b†˙m;a ls¯u yd iïnkaO 2017 whjeh fhdackdjg
iu.dój rdcH uQ,H ldr®hidOkh wëlaIKh
ls¯u i|yd jk uQ,sl l%shdudr®. uqo,a wud;HdxYh
úiska wdrïN lr we;' ta wkqj" rch úiska úhoï
iy wd∞hï m%;sM, ldr®;=jla wjika ù udihla
we;=<; mdr®,sfïka;=jg b†˙m;a ls¯u ;=<ska rdcH
203
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
uQ,H md,kh ls¯ug mdr®,sfïka;=jg we;s yelshdj
Yla;su;a jkq we;' fuu.ska" rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d
l%shdj,sh yd iu.dój lsishï ldr®;=jl wd∞hï ys`.
ùul ° mdr®,sfïka;=fõ wkque;sh o iys;j úhoï
kej; .e,mSug rchg iy;slhla ,efnkq we;'
ta w;ru" cd;sl whjeh pl%f,aL wxl 07$2015 g
wkqj" whjeh m%;smdok iSudjkag wkq.;j úhoï
l<ukdlrKh lrk f,i úhoï is≥ lrk ishÆu
wdh;kj,g Wmfoia fok ,°' cd;sl whjeh
pl%f,aL wxl 05$2016 g wkqj" 2017 jifr® °
úhoï is≥ lrk ishÆu wdh;k i|yd ldr®;=uh
úhoï iSudjka ia:dms; lrk f,ig Wmfoia ,nd °
we;' ;jo" 2017 whjeh fhdackd l%shd;aul ls¯fï
m%.;sh by< kexùu i|yd" 2017 uq,a ldr®;=j ;=< °
m%iïmdok l%shd∞uhka ksu ls¯ug wjYH mshjr
.; hq;= nj wjOdrKh lrkq ,efí' ;jo" 2016
jir wjidk jk úg ksrjq,a ls¯ug fkdyels jQ
ne£ï ksrjq,a ls¯u" 2017 jir ;=< kj ne£ï i|yd
wruqo,a b,a,Sug fmr is≥ l< hq;= njg o Wmfoia
,nd ° we;' cd;sl whjeh pl%f,aL wxl 01$2017 g
wkqj úhoï fjka ls¯fï ldr®hlaIu;dj mj;ajd
.ekSu i|yd 2016 jifr® ° y∫kajd ≥ka whjeh
m%;smdok Wmfhdackh ls¯u ms<sn|j wëlaIKh
ls¯fï hdka;%Kh ^cd;sl whjeh pl%f,aL wxl
06$2015& 2017 jir ;=< ° o wLKavj mj;ajdf.k
hk ,°' thg wu;rj" jdr®Isl whjeh weia;fïka;=
hgf;a l%shd;aul jk jHdmD;s iy jevigykaj,
m%.;sh wëlaIKh ls¯fï l%shdj,sh i|yd whjeh
l%shd;aul ls¯fï iy wëlaIKh ls¯fï tallhla
uqo,a wud;HdxYfhys ia:dms; lrk ,°'
6
2016 jir ;=< ° rdcH wxYfha fiajlhka i|yd
kj jegqma jHqyhla y∫kajd fok ,°' rdcH m˙md,k
pl%f,aL wxl 03$2016 ys i|yka m˙† w†hr mylska
hq;a kj jegqma jHqyhla 2016 ckjd˙ 01 †k isg
y∫kajd ≥ka w;r" kj jegqma m˙udK fjkia ls¯u
2020 jir olajd w†hr myla hgf;a mshj˙ka mshjr
is≥ ls¯ug kshñ;h' kej; fiajfha fh° isák
úY%dñl rdcH fiajlhka ^rdcH m˙md,k pl%f,aL
wxl 31$2011 iy 18$2012 ys i|yka m˙†& fj;
f.jkq ,nk úY%du jegqmg wh;a fkdjk úfYaI
°ukdj iy remsh,a 10"000 l udisl w;=re °ukdj
^rdcH m˙md,k pl%f,aL wxl 24$2014" 24$2014
^I& iy 05$2015& fuhg we;=<;ah' fï w;r" 2017
whjeh fhdackdjkays i|yka m˙† rdcH fiajdjka
iemhSfï .=Kd;aulNdjh M,∞hSj yd ldr®hlaIuj
by< kexùfï wruq◊ka rdcH wdh;kj, fiajl
iólaIKhla is≥ ls¯ug rch ;SrKh lr we;'
204
ldr®hlaIu fiajdjla ,nd °u i`oyd 2016
jir ;=< ° iajhxl%ShlrKh ;=<ska úY%du jegqma
fomdr®;fïka;=j ;j≥rg;a Yla;su;a lrk ,°'
úY%du jegqma pl%f,aL wxl 02$2016 hgf;a" úY%du
jegqma ,shdm†xÑh jeä†hqKq ls¯u iy f.ùï
fõ.j;a ls¯u i|yd rdcH fiajlhka jekaoUq yd
wk;aore úY%du jegqma i|yd ,shdm†xÑ ùfï °
wka;r®cd,h yryd wh≥ïm;a b†˙m;a l< yels
iïmQr®Kfhkau iajhxl%Sh lrk ,o l%shdj,shla
y∫kajd fok ,°' úY%du jegqma pl%f,aL wxl 03$2015
^˚& hgf;a" 2016 Tlaf;danr® 10 †k isg úY%du jegqma
l<ukdlrK moaO;sh yryd úY%du jegqma wh≥ïm;a
wka;r®cd,h u.ska b†˙m;a ls¯ug wjir ,nd fok
,°' úY%dñlhkaf.a úY%du jegqma f.ùfï l%shdj,sh
;eme,a fomdr®;fïka;=j yryd wka;r®cd,h Tiafia
is≥ ls¯ug lghq;= iïmdokh lr we;s w;r" 2016
jifr® ° ;eme,a ldr®hd, u.ska is≥ lrk ,o f.ùï
uOH.; ls¯ug lghq;= lrk ,°' ;jo" Y%S ,xld
≥ï˙h fomdr®;fïka;=j iy fudìfg,a wdh;kh
tlaj" úY%dñlhka i|yd ≥ï˙h n,m;% wka;r®cd,h
Tiafia ksl=;a ls¯u o y∫kajd fok ,°' thg
wu;rj" úY%du jegqma pl%f,aL wxl 04$2016 hgf;a"
2016 ckjd˙ 01 jk †fkka miq úY%du hk rdcH
fiajlhskag §w.%ydr /ljrK¶ kñka kj rlaIK
l%uhla ia:dms; lrk ,°'
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i rdcH wdfhdack
my< .sh o" jir ;=< ° m%Odk há;, myiqlï
jHdmD;s lsysmhla wLKavj l%shd;aul úh' ta wkqj"
fudr.ylkao iy l`M .`. jeks úYd, jd˙udr®.
jHdmD;sj,g w∞< lghq;= 2016 jir ;=< ° o
wLKavj l%shd;aul jQ w;r" fudr.ylkao c,dYh
msrùfï l%shdj,sh fï jk úg wdrïN lr we;' fï
w;r" wêfõ.S udr®. ixjr®Okh ls¯u iy cd;sl
uydudr®. mq`M,a ls¯u iy jeä†hqKq ls¯u o kshñ;
m˙† wLKavj 2016 jir ;=< ° is≥ úh' ta wkqj" msg;
jgrjqï wêfõ.S udr®.fha lvj; isg flrj,msáh
olajd jk ˚˚˚ w†hr iy olaIsK wêfõ.S udr®.h
mq`M,a ls¯fï jHdmD;sfha ud;r isg yïnkaf;dg
olajd fldgfia b†ls¯ï lghq;= o wLKavj l%shd;aul
úh' ;jo" uOHu wêfõ.S udr®.fha b†ls¯ï lghq;=
i|yd bvï mjrd .ekSug w∞< jk wdfhdack o
tu ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< ° is≥ lrk ,°' ó˙.u isg
l=reKE., olajd jk uOHu wêfõ.S udr®.fha ˚˚
w†hfrys b†ls¯ï lghq;= 2017 jifrys uq,a Nd.fha °
wdrïN lrk ,°' thg wu;rj" 2017 jifr® °
b†ls¯ï lghq;= wdrïN ls¯ug n,dfmdfrd;a;=
jk rejkamqr wêfõ.S udr®.fha YlH;d wOHhk

lghq;= o tys wjika w†hfr® mj;S' rdcH wdfhdack
i|yd mj;akd iSud iys; rdcH uQ,H wjldYh"
rdcH wdfhdack mokï lr.;a há;, myiqlï
ixjr®Ok jHdmD;s i|yd fm!oa.,sl wdfhdackj,
iydh o ,nd.; hq;= nj wjOdrKh lrkq ,nhs'
ta wkqj" rfÜ há;, myiqlï wjYH;djh
i|yd rdcH-fm!oa.,sl yjq,ald˙;ajh cd;sl
Wmdhudr®.hla f,i jeä†hqKq ls¯u o jeo.;a
fõ' rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl yjq,ald˙;ajh ;=<ska
idudkHfhka" by< ldr®hlaIu njlska hq;a iy
;sridr fiajdjka imhk w;r há;, myiqlï
jHdmD;s i|yd úfoaY wdfhdack imhd .ekSu o
iy;sl fjhs' ta wkqj" rch úiska fm!oa.,sl yd
rdcH hk fowxYhgu wfkHdakH m%;s,dN ,eìh
yels m˙† rdcH-fm!oa.,sl yjq,ald˙;aj .súiqï
fufyhúh hq;= w;r" fï i|yd kS;suh rduqjla iy
iq≥iq wdh;ksl ie,eiaula iys; fhda.H m˙irhla
ia:dms; l< hq;=j we;'
iuDoaê$†úke.=u jevigyk" fmdfydr
iykdOdrh" wdydr yd fmdaIK jevigyka" jeäysá
°ukdj iy jl=.vq frda.Ska i|yd jk úfYaI
°ukdj jeks iqNidOk jevigyka ;=<ska wdr®:ßluh
jYfhka Yla;su;a fkdjk" wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=
lKavdhï i|yd jk iudc wdrlaIK jevigyka
i|yd rch úiska wLKavj ∞hl;ajh imhk ,°'
ta wkqj" <ud iy ud;D fmdaIKh by< kexùfï
wruq◊ka fmdaIK u,a," ;%sfmdaI jevigyk" †hr
ls˙ iy mdi,a fmdaIK jevigyk jeks fmdaIK
jevigyka jir ;=< ° l%shd;aul úh' ta w;r"
rch l=gqïN fj; is≥ lrk mejreï ;dr®lSlrKh
ls¯fï mshjrla f,i" lsf,da.%Eï 50 l fmdfydr
nE.hla remsh,a 350 lg imhñka ,nd ≥ka fmdfydr
iykdOdrh" ù f.dùka i|yd jirlg fylaghdr
foll Wm˙uhlg hg;aj fylaghdrhla i|yd
remsh,a 25"000 l °ukdjla njg m˙jr®;kh lrk
,°' ;jo" rch f;a" fmd,a iy rnr® f.dùka i|yd o
2016 jifr® ° fylaghdrhla i|yd jr®Ihlg
ms<sfj<ska remsh,a 15"000 l" remsh,a 9"000 l iy
remsh,a 5"000 l uQ,Huh °ukdjla ,nd fok
,°' ;jo" fkdñf,a mdi,a ks, we`≥ï ,nd °fï
jevigyk hgf;a 2016 jifr® isg rch úiska
mdi,a ks, we∫ï fjkqjg jjqpr®m;a ,nd °ug
lghq;= lrk ,°' ;jo" rch úiska ksh`. ;;a;ajh
fya;=fjka mSvdjg m;a mjq,aj,g uQ,Huh iydh
,nd °u i|yd wjYH l%shdudr®. wdrïN lr we;' ta
wkqj" mSvdjg m;a mjq,lg uilg remsh,a 10"000 la
ne.ska udi ;=kla olajd m%∞kh ls¯ug rch úiska
;SrKh lr we;'
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yd rdcH uQ,H lghq;=
wdr®:ßluh jYfhka Yla;su;a fkdjk"
wjOdkh ,eìh hq;= lKavdhï i|yd iq≥iq iqNidOk
m%;s,dN jevigyka †hqKq ls¯ug yd mj;ajdf.k
hEu i|yd rch úiska iqNidOk m%;s,dN uKav,h
m;a lrk ,°' iudcfha iqNidOk wjYH;d ±äj
wjYH mdr®Yaj i|yd mqΩ,a iqNidOk m%;s,dN
jevigyka †hqKq ls¯u yd mj;ajdf.k hEu i|yd
2002 wxl 24 ork iqNidOk m%;s,dN mk; hgf;a
ia:dms; lrk ,o iqNidOk m%;s,dN uKav,h 2016
fmnrjd˙ 02 jk †k ksl=;a lrk ,o wxl 1952$22
ork .eiÜ m;%h u.ska n,d;aul lrk ,°'
ishÆu iqNidOk m%;s,dN jevigyka i|yd
fhda.H iqNidOk m%;s,dN l<ukdlrK moaO;shla
jeä†hqKq ls¯fï iy l%shd;aul ls¯fï j.lSu
iqNidOk m%;s,dN uKav,hg mjrd we;' iq≥iqlï
iys; m%;s,dNSka ish,a,lau we;=<;a jk m˙† f;dard
.ekSfï l%shdj,sh úksúoNdjfhka hq;=j is≥ ls¯u iy
Tjqkag wjysr;djlska f;drj f.ùï is≥ ùu iy;sl
ls¯u fuu uKav,h u.ska ls%hdjg kexùu b;d
jeo.;a fõ' wud;HdxY" fomdr®;fïka;=" m<d;a iNd
iy wfkl=;a wdh;k u.ska l%shd;aul lrk úúO
iqNidOk jevigyka 34 la ±kg we;' jr®;udkfha°
fuu iqNidOk jevigyka l<ukdlrKh" kùk
;dlaIKh fhd∞ fkdf.k ñksia Y%uh Ndú;fhka
is≥ ls¯u fya;=fjka tu jevigyka fufyhùfï °
ldr®hlaIu;djh" idOdrK;ajh iy úksúoNdjh
wvq ù we;' tfiau" m%;s,dNSka f;dard .ekSu i|yd
±kg mj;sk l%shdj,sfha ° iuyr iq≥iaika we;=<;a
fkdjk w;r iuyr kqiq≥iaika we;=<;a jk nj o
ks¯laIKh lr we;' fuu .egÆ ie,ls,a,g .ksñka"
m%;s,dNSka f;dard .ekSfï ° iq≥iq ksr®Kdhl Ndú;
6
lrñka úksúoNdjfhka hq;= iqNidOk m%;s,dN
jevigyka jeä†hqKq ls¯ug fuu uKav,h úiska
;SrKh lr we;' fuys °" m<uqj iudc n,.ekaùï
yd iqNidOk wud;HdxYh u.ska l%shd;aul lrk
iqNidOk jevigyka i|yd fuh l%shd;aul
ls¯ug;a" miqj th wfkl=;a wud;HdxY u.ska is≥
lrk iqNidOk jevigyka olajd l%ufhka jHdma;
ls¯ug;a ;SrKh lr we;' ;jo" iudc iqNidOk
l<ukdlrKh i|yd iudc wdrlaIK f;dr;=re
cd,hla ksr®udKh ls¯ug iy jeä†hqKq ls¯ug
wjYH mshjr f.k we;' fuu lr®;jH yd iïnkaO
wfkl=;a wdh;kj, iydh o iys;j f;dr;=re yd
ikaksfõok ;dlaIK ksfhda‚;dh;kh úiska fuh
l%shd;aul lfr®' fï i|yd wjYH ;dlaI◊l iydh
uqo,a wud;HdxYfha" f,dal nexl=fõ wdOdr iys;
iudc wdrlaIK cd, jHdmD;sh u.ska ,nd .ekSug
wfmalaIs;h'
205
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
ue† wd∞hï ,nk rgla jYfhka wdr®:ßlfha
b,aÆu imqrd,k m%Odk rch i;= jd◊c
jHjidhhkaf.a uQ,H ;;a;ajh iy fufyhqï
lghq;= Yla;su;a ls¯u i|yd" 2016 jir ;=< °
l%shdudr®. lsysmhla .kakd ,°' ta wkqj" rdcH
jHjidhhkaf.a md,kh iy uQ,H úkh jeä†hqKq
ls¯fï wruq◊ka hq;=j rch i;= m%Odk jHjidhhka
myla jk ,xld ú≥,sn, uKav,h" ,xld Lksc
f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj" cd;sl c,iïmdok yd
c,dmjyk uKav,h" Y%S ,xld .=jka f;dgqfmd< iy
.=jka fiajd wêld˙h iy Y%S ,xld jrdh wêld˙h
iu`. wdh;ksl wNsm%dh m%ldYj,g 2017 udr®;=
ui ° w;aika lrk ,°' f;dard .kakd ,o fuu
rdcH jHjidhhka myg wh;a wruqKq iy nyqia:r
ixia:dms; ie,iqu" m%d.aOk úhou iy uQ,Hkh
ms<sn| ie,iqu" m%ldYs; uQ,Huh iy uQ,Huh
fkdjk b,lal iy jd◊cuh fkdjk .súiqïj,
ms˙jeh wdh;ksl wNsm%dh m%ldYj,g we;=<;a fõ'
thg wu;rj" ksYaÑ; hym;aa uQ,H m%;sm;a;s hgf;a
rdcH jHjidhhka fufyhùu i|yd ishÆu rdcH
jHjidhhka rdcH ysñld˙;ajh iys; wdh;khla
hg;g f.k taug wfmalaIs;h' tu wruqK uq≥ka
muqKqjd .ekSu i|yd rdcH jHjidh mk;
flgqïm;a lrk ,°' ;jo" 2016 wfm%a,a 08 †ke;s
wxl 16$0640$706$023 ork leìkÜ ;SrKhg wkqj
rdcH jHjidhhkays by< l<ukdld˙;ajh i|yd
jD;a;slhka m;a ls¯u i|yd wjYH udr®f.damfoaY
cd;sl m%;sm;a;s iy wdr®:ßl lghq;= wud;HdxYh
úiska ksl=;a lr we;s w;r" tu.ska rdcH jHjidhhkays
jD;a;Suh olaI;djh Yla;su;a ls¯ug wfmalaIs;h'
Y%S,xlka .=jka fiajfha wLKav mdvq ,nk ;;a;ajh
6
i,ld n,d Y%S,xlka .=jka fiajh m%;sjHqy.;
ls¯fï ldr®hfhys rch ksr;j isák w;r tys
fufyhqï lghq;= wLKavj mj;ajd f.k hEug iy
Yla;su;a ls¯u i|yd ysñlu iy l<uKdld˙;ajh
fjk;a mdr®Yajhlg ms˙keóug wfmalaIs;h' ;jo"
m%;sjHqy.; ls¯fï ldr®hh wjika jk f;la
Y%S,xlka .=jka fiajhg wjYH uQ,Huh iyfhda.h
,nd °u i|yd iydh ,sms (Letter of Support) ksl=;a
lr we;' thg wu;rj" wLKavj ms˙fyñka mj;sk
ñyska ,xld .=jka fiajfha uQ,H ;;a;ajh i,ld
n,d tys uQ,sl ldr®hhka 2016 Tlaf;danr® 30 isg
Y%S,xlka .=jka fiajh hg;g wka;r®.%yKh lr
.kakd f,ig rch úiska ksfhda.hla ksl=;a lrk
,°' fuu miqìu ;=< 2016 jifr® ° iy 2017 jir
uq,a Nd.fha °" iyk ,sms (Letter of Comfort) ksl=;a
ls¯u u.ska Y%S,xlka .=jka iud.ug iy ñyska
,xld .=jka iud.ug wjYH uQ,H iydh ,nd °ug
206
rch úiska lghq;= lrk ,°' cd;sl c,iïmdok yd
c,dmjyk uKav,h i;=j mj;sk uQ,Huh
.egÆ ie,ls,a,g .ksñka kd.˙l c, iemhqï
jHdmD;s i|yd jk Kh fiajdlrK f.ùïj,ska
ishhg 50 la iy .%dóh c, jHdmD;s i|yd jk
Kh fiajdlrK f.ùïj,ska ishhg 75 la uyd
NdKavd.drh úiska ±¯ug kshñ;h' ;jo" uKav,fha
fYaIm;%h Yla;su;a ls˙u i|yd 2014 jir wjidkh
f;la uyd NdKavd.drh úiska cd;sl c,iïmdok yd
c,dmjyk uKav,hg ,nd fok ,o f;jk
mdr®Yaùh Kh (on-lent loans) 2016 jifr® ° rcfha
ysñlula f,ig m˙jr®;kh lrk ,°' fï w;r"
,xld Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj úiska m%Odk
Lksc f;,a ksIamdok foll ^fmg%,a iy ãi,a&
foaYSh fj<|fmd< ñ, .Kka wka;r®cd;sl ñ,
.Kkaj,g .e,mSu ls¯u i|yd ms˙jeh m%ldYs;
iQ;%hla ilid leìkÜ uKav,fha wkque;sh i|yd
b†˙m;a fldg we;'
2016 jifr® ° rdcH Kh l<ukdlrKh
iïnkaOfhka l%shdudr®. /ila y∫kajd foñka rdcH
Kh l<ukdlrK Wmdhudr®.h ;j≥rg;a jeä†hqKq
lrk ,°' ta wkqj" 2016 wf.daia;= 04 †k uy
nexl=j m%:u jrg oaú;Shsl fj<|fmd< ;=< rcfha
iq/l=ïm;a .kqfokq ms<sn| f;dr;=rej, idrdxY.;
ixLHd f,aLk ksl=;a ls¯u wdrïN l< w;r" tys
wruqK jkafka" wfkl=;a uQ,H fj<|fmd<j,a yd
iu.dój fj<|fmd< f;dr;=re iemhSï yryd rcfha
iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmdf<ys úksúoNdjh ;j≥rg;a
by< kxjd .ekSu;a" ñ, wkdjrKh yd mq`M,a
mrdihla ;=< fj<|fmd< me;sr hEug ie,eiaùu;a h'
uy nexl=j úiska ksl=;a lrkq ,enQ udr®f.damfoaY
wkqj" rcfha iq/l=ïm;aj, úksúoNdjh jeä†hqKq
ls¯u ms◊i ishÆu m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka iy
jd◊c nexl=" rcfha iq/l=ïm;a oaú;Shsl fj<|fmd<
.kqfokq i|yd jk bf,lafg%dksl ne∫ïlr
fj<| moaO;shla jk í¨ïnr®.a (Bloomberg) yd
iïnkaO jq◊' tys m%;sM,hla f,i" ishÆu
m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka wdfhdaclhka iu`. is≥
lrkq ,nk remsh,a ñ,shk 50 blaujk ishÆu
úl=Kqï yd w∞< f;dr;=re úkdä 30 la we;=<;
tu moaO;sh fj; jdr®;d ls¯ug wjYH jkq we;'
fuu.ska uy nexl=jg w∞< .kqfokq wLKav
mokula u; wëlaIKh ls¯ug yels jk w;r"
th w∞< l%shdj,sfha úksúoNdjh jeä†hqKq ls¯ug
fya;= fõ' óg wu;rj" uy nexl=j úiska uOHu
m%;smdr®Yaùh moaO;sh yd iu.dój úoHq;a fj<|
moaO;shla msysgqùu i|yd m%iïmdok l%shdj,shla o

wdrïN lr we;' fuu.ska wfkl=;a ixjr®ê; uQ,H
fj<|fmd<j,a yd iu.dój fj<|fmd< f;dr;=re
;;ald,Sk mokula u; iemhSug iy rcfha
iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmd< cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Skag wkqj
ixjr®Okh ls¯ug wfmalaIs;h' 2016 cqks udifha °
uy nexl=j úiska NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy ne∫ïlr
fjkafoaisj, úksúoNdjh jeä ls¯fï wruqKska
fjkafoaishl ° ms˙kukq ,nk iuia; wruqo,a
m%udKhg jvd jeä wruqo,a m%udKhla Ndr
fkd.ekSug ;SrKhla .kakd ,°' flfia fj;;a"
fuys° ms˙kuk ,o m%udKhg jvd wvq w.hla
ms<s.kakd wjia:d ;sìh yelsh'
;jo" cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Skag wkql+,j m%d:ñl
wf,úlrejka wdY%s; fj<|fmd< kshdukh yd
wëlaIKh Yla;su;a ls¯ug o l%shdudr®. .kq ,eîh'
ta wkqj" rcfha iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmd< kshdukh
yd wëlaIKh" uy nexl=fõ nexl= fkdjk uQ,H
wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; mjrd we;'
fï w;r" fj<|fmd< ixjr®Okhka ms<sn| f;dr;=re
yqjudre lr .ekSu i|yd fjkafoais is≥ ls¯ug
fmr fj<|fmd< ;;a;ajhka ms<sn| ishÆu m%d:ñl
wf,úlrejka iu`. idlÉPd ls¯fï l%shdj,sh
uy nexl=j h<s wdrïN lrk ,°' fjkafoais wdY%s;
fndfyduhla f;dr;=re iys; jdr®Isl †k or®Ykhla
uqo,a wud;HdxYfha o iyfhda.h we;sj m%ldYhg
m;a ls¯ug uy nexl=j lghq;= lrñka isà' fuu.ska
rcfha iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmdf<ys m%d:ñl fjkafoais
l%shdj,sfha úksúoNdjh iy mqfrdal:kh ls¯fï
yelshdj by< kexùu yd ishÆu fj<|fmd<
iyNd.sjkakkaf.a f;dr;=re i|yd iudk
m%fõYhla ysñ jk w;r is≥ùug kshñ; .kqfokq
wdY%s; mQr®j f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug we;s yelshdj
o jr®Okh lrkq ,nhs' fï w;r" rcfha iq/l=ïm;a
fj<|fmdf<a m%d:ñl fjkafoais i`oyd fiajl
wr®:idOl wruqof,a l%shdld¯ iyNd.s;ajh iy;sl
ls¯ug wjYH l%shdudr®. o .kakd ,°'
Kh l<ukdlrK l%shdj,sh ;j≥rg;a
jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd l%shdudr®. .Kkdjla
l%shd;aul fjñka mj;S' ta wkqj" rcfha iq/l=ïm;a
i|yd jk m%d:ñl fjkafoaisj,g w∞< kS;s
m%ldYhg m;a ls¯u ;=<ska w∞< l%shdmámdáfhys
úksúoNdjh iy m%ñ;sh by< kexùug o wfmalaId
flfr®' m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka fkdjk nexl= úiska
Tjqkaf.a .kqfokqlrejka iu`. lrkq ,nk oaú;Shsl
fj<|fmd< wdY%s; rcfha iq/l=ïm;a ysñlï merùu
u; úl=Kqï .kqfokq úoaHq;a fj<| moaO;sh ;=<g
we;=<;a ls¯ug w∞< iuyrla mshjr o y∫kajd °ug
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yd rdcH uQ,H lghq;=
wfmalaIs;h' ;jo" w∞< kS;sj,g fjkialï y∫kajd
°u ;=<ska Kh l<ukdlrK l%shdj,sh jeä†hqKq
ls¯u i|yd j.lSï l<ukdlrK l%shdudr®.j, o
fldgila jk iq/l=ïm;a m˙K; ùug fmr mQr®j ñ,°
.ekSfï l%shdj,sh (buy-backs)" ±kg ksl=;a lr we;s
iq/l=ïm;a m˙K; ùfï ld,h °r®> lr h<s ksl=;a
ls¯u (switching) iy b†˙ yqjudre (SWAP) .súiqï
hkd° l%shdld¯ Kh l<ukdlrK l%shdudr®. fhd∞
.ekSug we;s yelshdj fidhd ne,Sug o wfmalaIs;h'
rcfha iq/l=ïm;a i|yd jk oaú;Shsl fj<|fmd<
;j≥rg;a mq`M,a ls¯u i|yd wjYH jk kS;suh
m%;sixialrK y∫kajd foñka rcfha iq/l=ïm;a
i|yd uOHu m%;smdr®Yaùh moaO;shla (Central Counter
Party) iy úoHq;a fj<| moaO;shla msysgqùug Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j úiska lghq;= ls¯ug wfmalaId lrkq
,nhs' Bg iudkju" fhda‚; úoHq;a fj<| moaO;sh
iy ksIaldYk moaO;sh yryd oaú;Shsl fj<|fmd<
Kh WmlrK yd iïnkaO oaù;Shsl fj<|fmd<
f;dr;=re iemhSug hdka;%Khla msysgqùug o
lghq;= fhd∞ we;' iajdëk uqo,a m%;sm;a;shla
l%shd;aul lrk w;r wvq ms˙jehla hgf;a rchg
wruqo,a iïmdokh ls¯u hk tlsfkl w;r mj;sk
.eàu idr®:lj fufyhùu i`oyd fuh YS% ,xld
uy nexl=jg Wmld¯ jkq we;'
Y%S ,xldj ms<sn|j wdfhdaclhskaf.a úYajdih
jeä†hqKq ùu ms<sìUq lrñka rch úiska ish oyfjks
cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlrh idr®:lj ksl=;a
lrk ,°' ta wkqj" ì%;dkHh hqfrdamd ix.ufhka
bj;a ùfï n,mEu ^Brexit& ksid f.da,Sh fj<|fmd<
;=< we;s jQ úp,;d uOHfha jqj o" 2016 jifr®
cQ,s udifha ° cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr
6
ksl=;a ls¯u ;=<ska t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 1'5 la
/ia lr .ekSug rchg yels úh' fuu cd;Hka;r
iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlrh ishhg 5'750 l M,∞
wkqmd;slhla hgf;a wjqre≥ 5'5 l l,ams¯fï
ld,hla iys;j t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 500 la o"
ishhg 6'825 l M,∞ wkqmd;slhla hgf;a wjqre≥
10 l l,ams¯fï ld,hla iys;j t'c' fvd,r®
ì,shk 1'0 la o jYfhka oaú;aj iajrEmfhka ksl=;a
lrkq ,eîh' óg wu;rj" 2016 cqks udifha °"
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 300 l jákdlulska hq;a
jir 3 l l,a ms¯fï ld,hla iys; úfoaY úksuh
ld,Sk uQ,H myiqlula ^taldnoaO Khla& o (Foreign
Currency Term Financing Facility/Syndicated Loan)
rch úiska ,nd .kakd ,°' ;jo" 2016 iema;eïnr®
udifha ° o jir 3 l l,a ms¯fï ld,hla iys;j
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 400 l úfoaY úksuh ld,Sk
uQ,H myiqlula rch úiska ,nd .kakd ,°'
207
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

úfYaI igyk 9
rdcH Kh ord.; yels uÜgulg f.k tau Wfoid jQ wdodhï mdol lr.;a rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d jevms<sfj<

wdodhï mdol lr.;aa rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d jevms<sfj<la ixLHd igyk ú'i' 9'1
wjYH jkafka wehs @
f;dard.;a rgj,a lsysmhl rdcH wdodhu
rdcH uQ,H tald.%;dj hkq rcfha whjeh ysÛh iy o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i - 2015
Kh talrdYS ùu wju ls¯fï wruq◊ka l%shd;aul jk wdodhu úhou wdodhï úhoï
m%;sm;a;shls'1 rdcH uQ,H wiu;=,s;;djka ksjer† rg $ l,dmh o'foa'ks'fhys o'foa'ks'fhys
m%;sY;hla f,i m%;sY;hla f,i mr;rh
ls¯u" rdcH uQ,H ysÛhhka wvq ls¯u iy tu.ska
rdcH Kh taldrdYS ùu wju ls¯u ixjr®Okh fjñka bka†hdj 20.8 27.9 -7.1
mj;sk fndfyda rgj, jeä wjOdkhla fhduq jQ bka≥ksiShdj 14.8 17.4 -2.6
wruqKq jqjo" tu wruqKq bgqlr .ekSu i|yd Ndú; uef,aishdj 22.2 25.2 -3.0
mlsia:dkh 14.5 19.8 -5.3
l< hq;= jvd;au iq≥iq m%;sm;a;s ixl,kh ms<sn| fmd≥
ms,Smskh 19.4 19.4 0.0
tlÛ;djla fkdue;' úhoï lmdye¯u" wd∞hï by<
Y%S ,xldj 13.3 20.9 -7.6
kexùu fyda fuu m%;sm;a;s fofla ixl,khla Ndú;d ;dhs,ka;h 22.6 22.3 0.3
ls¯u ;=<ska rdcH uQ,H tald.%;dj is≥ l< yelsh' wdishdj 26.6 29.8 -3.2
uQ,hka ( Fiscal Monitor-April 2016-IMF
rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d jevms<sfj< ;=<° M,∞hS fkdjk YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
úhoï lmdye¯u flfrys wjOdkh fhduq úh hq;=
jkafka rgl †.=ld,Sk wdr®:ßl jr®Okh ;yjqre lr rgj,a yd iei£fï ° o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i
.ekSfï° úfYaIfhka u udkj ixjr®Okh iy há;, ishhg 20'9 l idudkH uÜgul mj;S' flfia jqjo"
myiqlï ixjr®Okh jeks ukdj ie,iqï lrk ,o ixLHd igyk ú'i' 9'1 u.ska ms<sìUq jk m˙† rdcH
M,∞hS úhoï w;HjYH jk neúks' wd∞hï mdol wd∞hu iïnkaOfhka .;a l," tu rgj, wd∞hug
lr.;a rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d jevms<sfj<l b,lalhka idfmalaIj Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH wd∞hu o'foa'ks'fhys
jkafka" n≥ moku m%idrKh ls¯u" n≥ m˙md,kh m%;sY;hla f,i b;d my< uÜgula jdr®;d lr
jeä†hqKq ls¯u" n≥ meyerye¯u yd u.ye¯ï wju we;' ta wkqj" rdcH uQ,H tald.%;dj m%Odk jYfhka
ls¯u" n≥ wkqmd; ixfYdaOkh ls¯u iy n≥ °ukd rEm igyk ú'i' 9'1
;dr®lSlrKh ls¯u u.ska rdcH wd∞hu jeälr rdcH wdodhu
.ekSuh' ta wkqj" rdcH wd∞hï mdol lr.;a rdcH ^o'foa'ks' fhys m%;sY;hla f,i&
uQ,H tald.%;d jevms<sfj<la ;=<ska rcfha úhoï ls¯fï 30

yelshdj by< kexfjk kuq;a" ta hgf;a úYd, 25

jYfhka kj n≥ y∫kajd °u yd n≥ wkqmd; by< 20
±óu yryd wd∞hu jeälr .ekSug lghq;= lrkafka
ishhg

15
kï" th wNsfhda.d;aul fukau foaYmd,k jYfhka

6
rch wm%idohg m;aùug o fya;= úh yelsh' rcfha 10

wd∞hu by< kexùu" wd∞hï mdol lr.;a rdcH uQ,H 5

tald.%;d jevms<sfj<l m%Odk;u wNsu;dr®:h jqjo"

2016 ;dj'

ukd md,khla iys;j rdcH úhoï mj;ajd .ekSfï

1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014

l%ufõohla we;s ls¯u iy rdcH wdfhdack m%uqL;d

n≥ n≥ fkdjk m%odk
mokula u; is≥ ls¯u o rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d l%shdj,sh
uQ,h ( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
i`oyd iyh fõ'
rπmej;sh hq;af;a úhoï lmdye¯ug jvd úhoï
Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH uQ,H wiu;=,s;;dj i|yd uQ,sl
;dr®lSlrKh lrk w;r;=r" n≥ moku mqΩ,a ls¯u iy
jYfhkau fya;= ù we;af;a rdcH wd∞hu b;d
n≥ tl;= ls¯fï ldr®hlaIu;dj by< kexùu u;h'
wvq uÜgul mj;sk nj Y%S ,xldj yd iudklï
tal mqoa., wd∞hu YS>% f,i by< .sh o" Y%S ,xldfõ
we;s l,dmfha wfkl=;a rgj,a iuÛ Y%S ,xldfõ
rdcH wd∞hu tla/ia ls¯u miq.sh oYl foll
whjeh fufyhqï lghq;= iei£fï ° meye†,s fjhs'
ld,hla ;siafia wLKavj wvq w.hla jdr®;d fldg we;
Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH úhou l,dmfha wfkl=;a iudk
^rEm igyk ú'i' 9'1&'2 rdcH wd∞hfï tl;=j
1 wdr®:ßl iyfhda.S;djh iy jr®Okh i|yd jQ ixúOdkh ^OECD) -
ixLHdkuh kshu ms<sn| újrKh (http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail. 2 flfia jqjo" miq.sh jir foll ld,h we;=<; ° rcfha wd∞hï tl;=
asp?ID=984) ls¯u †˙.kajk iqΩ l%shdld˙;ajhla fmkakqï lr we;'

208

ixLHd igyk ú'i' 9'2
rdcH Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï
YSr®Ih 1990 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2016
Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï
^remsh,a ñ,shk& 33 84 176 345 444 826 1,017 1,318 1,352
Kh wdmiq f.ùï
^remsh,a ñ,shk& 12 28 105 220 294 516 609 808
fmd,S f.ùï
^remsh,a ñ,shk& 21 55 71 125 151 310 408 510
Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï
^uqΩ wd∞hfuys ] f,i& 48.4 50.7 83.0 124.7 93.0 118.0 96.8 90.6 80.2
uQ,hka ( uqo,a wud;HdxYh wkqmd;hlska jr®Okh jk nj meye†,s fõ ^ixLHd
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
rcfha uqΩ úhoïj,g jvd wvq w.hla fmkakqï
lrk w;r" tu wd∞hu rcfha mqkrdjr®;k úhou
wdjrKh ls¯ug ;rïj;a m%udKj;a fkdfõ'
ta ksid" rch" Y=oaO ksr®-b;=reïlrefjla njg m;aj we;'
rdcH wd∞hñka ishhg 80 la muK úúOdldr jQ n≥ u.ska
/ia lrkq ,enqjo" Y%S ,xldfõ n≥ moaO;sh wjdis iy.;
lreKq .Kkdjlska mSvd ú`oshs' fkdfhl=;a wdldrfha
n≥ ksoyia ls¯ï" †.=ld,Sk n≥ úrdu" jrKSh wkqmd;"
ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< wkql%ñl n≥" l,dmfha
wfkl=;a iudk rgj,g idfmalaIj ie,lsh hq;= f,i
wvq uÜgul mj;sk Rcq yd jl% n≥ wkqmd;"3 n≥
f.ùu meyer ye¯u" n≥ u. ye¯ï" n≥ m˙md,kh
≥Ialr iy úYd, ms˙jehla ±˙h hq;= ldr®hhla njg m;a
lrñka n≥ wkql+,;djg nd∞ muqKqjk n≥ moaO;sfha
ixlSr®K;d rfÜ n≥ moku úYd, jYfhka ms¯ySug;a"
ld,h mqrdjg n≥ wd∞hu wvq ùug;a ∞hl ù we;s
ixrplhkah'
wLKavju n≥ /ials¯u ≥r®j, uÜgul mej;Su i|yd
m%Odk jYfhka fya;= ù we;af;a rdcH wd∞hï kuH;dj4
my< hEu jk w;r" fï i|yd úúO n≥ ksoyia
ls¯ï$úrdu" n≥ meyerye¯ï iy ≥r®j, n≥ m˙md,kh
hkd° idOl .Kkdjla fya;= ù we;' ta wkqj" 1990
oYlfha ° o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg 20 lg
jvd by< uÜgul meje;s rcfha wd∞hu" 2014 jir
jk úg ishhg 11'5 la jeks w.hla olajd my; jegq◊'
Y%S ,xldfõ fuu wvq wd∞hï ;;a;ajh fya;=fjka rchg
mqkrdjr®;k úhoï uQ,Hkh ls¯u i|yd o úYd,
jYfhka Kh u; /£ug is≥j we;' fuu ;;a;ajh" rfÜ
fm!oa.,sl wdfhdack iïnkaOfhka f;rmqï
m%;súmdlhla we;s ls¯ug;a" fj<|fmd< fmd,S
wkqmd;sl by< hEug;a fya;= jk w;r" tu.ska wdr®:ßl
3 2015 jifr® ° 19(81 la f,i meje;s Rcq yd jl% n≥ w;r wkqmd;h
ue†ld,Skj 40(60 olajd jr®Okh lr .ekSug wfmalaIs;h'
4 n≥ kuH;dj hk ixl,amh n≥ wd∞hu wdr®:ßl jr®Okhg olajk m%;spdrh
uek ne,Sug Ndú;d lrhs' wd∞hfï úl,am iy iajhxl%Sh jr®Okhka
fjkiaj y∫kd fkd.kakd neúka n≥ bmsÆu wiïmQr®K ñkquls' kuH;dj
u.ska wd∞hfuys iajhxl%Sh fjkiaùï md,kh lrk neúka th n≥
m%;spd¯;ajh uekSu i|yd iq≥iq ñkquls'
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yd rdcH uQ,H lghq;=
jr®Okhg o ndOd we;ss fjhss' ;jo" wêl Kh .ekSï
;=<ska cks; jk rdcH uQ,H ;;a;aj fmr mrïmrdjkag
jeä jdis w;ajk wdldrfha mrïmrd w;r m%;s,dN
yqjudrejla is≥jk ksid fndfyda wdr®:ßl úoHd{hkag
wkqj th whqla;siy.; l%shdjls'
742
ta w;ru" Kh fiajdlrK úhou wd∞hfuys m%;sY;hla
611 f,i .;a l, miq.sh oYl lsysmh ;=< Y%S ,xldfõ Kh
fiajdlrK f.ùï" wd∞hfuys jr®Okhg jvd by<
igyk ú'i' 9'2&' ta wkqj" Kh i|yd jk fmd,S f.ùï
i|yd 2016 jir ;=< ° rcfha uqΩ wd∞hfuka ishhg
36'2 l m%udKhla jeh ù we;' óg wu;rj" Kh jd˙l
wdmiq f.ùï i|yd uqΩ wd∞hfuka ishhg 44'0 la jeh
ù we;' tA wkqj" 2016 jifr®° rcfha uqΩ wd∞hfuka
ishhg 80'2 l m%udKhla uqΩ Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï
i|yd jeh ù we;s w;r" wfkl=;a ishÆu rdcH úhoï
i|yd rdcH wd∞hfuka b;d iqΩ m%udKhla muKla
b;s˙ ù we;'
wdr®:ßlh ;=< wvq iy ia:dhS WoaOukhla mj;ajd
.ekSu5 i|yd o wd∞hï mdol lr.;a rdcH uQ,H
tald.%;d jevms<sfj< ;SrKd;aul wjYH;djla jk
w;r" th wdfhdack ;SrK .ekSu i|yd myiq m˙irhla
ksr®udKh lrhs' Bg wu;rj" ;sridr fkdjk whjeh
ysÛhhka u.ska we;s lrk ±ä w;s˙la; b,aÆu fuu.ska
iSud flfrk w;r" tu.ska úfoaYSh wxYfha úp,;djka
uev mj;ajhs' wd∞hï mdol lr .;a rdcH uQ,H
tald.%;dj" fhda.H uqo,a m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul ls¯u
Yla;su;a fukau wkqmQrKh o lrkq ,nhs' ;jo"
wd∞hu jeãúfï m%;sM,hla f,i m%idrKh jQ rdcH
uQ,H wjldYh" foaYSh yd úfoaYSh jYfhka we;s úh
yels wys;lr lïmkhka wjfYdaIKh lr .ekSfï
6
wjfrdaOlhla f,i l%shd lrhs'
wd∞hu by< hEu whjeh ysÛhka wvqlrk w;r" ue†
ld,Skj m%d:ñl .sKqfï Okd;aul fYaIhla6 we;s lr
.ekSug ∞hl fõ' wfmalaIs; wdr®:ßl jr®Okfha
m%jK;dj o iuÛ jeä†hqKq jQ rdcH uQ,H fYaIhka"
Kh talrdYS ùfï úIu pl%h ì| ±óg fya;= úh yels
w;r" o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i rdcH Kh ord
.ekSug yels iy ;sridr uÜgula olajd wvq lrkq we;'
Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk;u wjYH;djla f,i m%udKj;a
5 "Some Unpleasant Monetaristic Arithmetic"^1981& keue;s mr®fhaIK m;%sldj u.ska
Sargent iy Wallace úiska úYd, whjeh ysÛhka yeuúgu by< WoaOukhla
yd ne£ mj;skafka o hk m%Yakhg ms<s;=re imhhs'
6 wd∞hu yd fmd,S f.ùï rys; úhou w;r mj;sk fjki rcfha m%d:ñl
ysÛh f,i wr®: olajhs' fmr mej;s whjeh ysÛhkaf.a m%udKhka u.ska
fmd,S f.ùï l,ska ;SrKh lrk neúka" m%d:ñl ys`.h j;auka rdcH uQ,H
m%h;akhka i|yd or®Ylhla f,i Ndú;d flfr®' (IMF (1995) : Pamphlet
Series - No. 49 - Guidelines for Fiscal Adjustment - How Should the Fiscal Stance
Be Assessed?)
209
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

;rï foaYmd,k lemùula o iuÛ wd∞hï ixLHd igyk ú'i' 9'3

mdol lr.;a rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d l%shdj,shla f;dard.;a rgj,a lsysmhl rdcH Kh
m%n, f,i l%shd;aul l< hq;= fya;=j fuu.ska o'foa'ks' fhys m%;sY;hla f,i - 2015
wjOdrKh flfrhs' tu.ska" ue† ld,Skj fukau †.=
rg wkqmd;h ^]&
ld,Skj rdcH Kfhys ;sridr nj7 ksrdhdifhkau
;yjqre jkq we;' nx.,dfoaYh 34.0
bka†hdj 67.2
rdcH uQ,H wiu;=,s;;d iy rdcH Kh ord.; yels bka≥kSishdj 27.3
uÜgul mj;ajd .ekSu uef,aishdj 57.4
ms,Smskh 37.1
miq.sh oYl lsysmh uqΩ,af,a o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla
Y%S ,xldj 77.6
f,i rdcH Kh wkqmd;slh by< uÜgul meje;=◊'
;dhs,ka;h 43.1
fuu w.h 1988-1989 iy 2001-2004 ld,m˙Éf√ohkays °
úhÜkduh 59.2
ishhg ishh blaujd by< .sfhah ^rEm igyk
ú'i' 9'2&' uQ,hka ( World Economic Outlook
Database-October 2016
rEm igyk ú'i' 9'2 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

rdcH Kh
úIu pl%h¶ jeks ;;a;ajhka olajd rg m;a ls¯ug o
^o'foa'ks' fhys m%;sY;hla f,i&
fya;= fõ'
120 ;jo" 2010 jifr® ° Y%S ,xldj my< ue† wd∞hï
100 rgla njg m˙jr®;kh ùu;a iuÛ úfoaYSh m%∞k
80
iy iyk∞hS Kh ie,lsh hq;= f,i my< hEug
mgka.;a w;r" iyk∞hS fkdjk Kh iy jd◊c Kh
ishhg

60
i|yd jeämqr fhduq ùug is≥úh' fuu.ska" úfoaYSh
40 Kh m%;sY;h by< f.dia Kh l<fUys ixhq;sh
20 fjkia úh' ta ;=<" wêl úhoï iys; jd◊c Kh
0
m%udKh fukau fláld,Sk Kh m%udKh o jr®Okh
ù we;' úfoaYSh Kh l<fUys jQ fuu fjkiaùu
1950
1953

1956
1959

1962
1965

1968
1971

1974
1977

1980
1983

1986
1989

1992
1995

1998
2001

2004
2007

2010
2013
;dj'
2016

fya;=fjka Y%S ,xldj jd◊c fmd,S wkqmd;sl hgf;a

uQ,hka ( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr ksl=;a lrñka cd;Hka;r
m%d.aOk fj<|fmd< fj; m%fõY ùug fmd<Ujk ,o
rcfha Kh o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i 2016 w;r" tu`.ska ;j≥rg;a Kh talrdYS ùula o úfoaY
jifr® ° ishhg 79'3 la f,i jdr®;d jqj o" l,dmfha úksuh wkqmd; wj∞ku by< kexùula o is≥ fjhs'

6
wfkl=;a iudk rgj,a iy iudk fjf<|fmd<j,a
yd iei£fï ° th ;ju;a b;d by< uÜgul mj;shs' iyk∞hS fldkafoais u; ,nd.;a Kh" uqΩ úfoaYSh
^ixLHd igyk ú'i' 9'3&' wd∞hu my< uÜgul Khj, m%;sY;hla f,i .;a úg 2007 jirg fmr
meje;Su rchg Kh nr we;slrk uQ,Huh WmlrK ishhg 90 lg;a jvd jeä uÜgul meje;s w;r"
u; úYd, jYfhka rπ meje;Su i|yd u.mdok 2016 jkúg th ishhg 46'9 la olajd my< .sfhah
w;r" tu.ska rdcH Kh talrdYS ùula is≥ fjhs' by< ^rEm igyk ú'i' 9'3&'
Kh m%udKh Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï jr®Okh lrk fuu m%jK;d iuÛu" rdcH uQ,H b,lal fj;ska
w;r" wfkl=;a w;HjYH$M,∞hS l%shdldrlï i|yd neyer ùï wju ls¯ug;a" tu.ska wjidkfha idr®j
fhoùug we;s rdcH uQ,H wjldYh ;j≥rg;a wvq lrhs' wdr®:ßl ia:dhs;dj we;s ls¯ug;a yels jk m˙†
óg wu;rj" by< whjeh ysÛhkaf.a m%;sM,hla f,i
wd∞hï mdol lr.;a rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d l%shdj,shla
Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï by< hEu l%ñlj by< Kh
;sridr f,i iy úYajdikSh;ajfhka hq;=j l%shdjg
.ekSï i|yd rg fhduq lrjk fyhska wjidkfha °
kexùfï y†is wjYH;dj rch úiska y∫kdf.k we;'
th rg §Kh W.=,lg¶ yiqls¯ug ke;skï §Khj,
ta wkqj" wd∞hu jr®Okh lr .ksñka ue† ld,Skj
fukau †.= ld,Skj ;sridr Kh uÜgula mj;ajd
7 Khj, z;sridr njZ hkqfjka fndfydaúg wr®: olajkafka" rgla úiska f.k hEu i|yd rch úiska miq.sh jir lsysmh ;=< °
,nd.;a Kh lsis≥ ys`.hlska f;drj fyda iykhla b,a,Sulska f;drj"
wdmiq f.ùug we;s yelshdjhs' l%shdudr®. /ila †h;a lrk ,°'

210
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016 rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yd rdcH uQ,H lghq;=

rEm igyk ú'i' 9'3 uQ,H wj∞kï wju ls¯u i|yd o wjOdkh fhduq
rdcH Kh iy tal mqoa., o'foa'ks' lr we;' ;jo" m%d:ñl .sKqfï fYaIh o'foa'ks'fhys
m%;sY;hla f,i 2017 jifr® ° Y=kHhg wdikakj
120.0 4,000 mj;ajd .ekSu;a" 2018 jifr® ° th ishhg tll
o'foa'ks' fhys m%;sY;hla f,i

3,500
100.0
3,000
w;s˙la;hla olajd jr®Okh lr .ekSug;a wfmalaIs;h'
rcfha whjeh ysÛh iy iuia; Kh uÜgug w∞<j

t'c' fvd,r®
80.0 3,000

60.0
2,500 mj;ajd .; hq;= wksjdr®h b,lal iuÛ rdcH uQ,H
2,000
40.0 1,500 l<ukdlrK ^j.lSu& mk; ^2003& ixfYdaOkh
20.0
1,000 ls¯u" 2019 jifrka Tíng jQ rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d
500
jevms<fj,ys jeo.;a ikaêia:dkhla jkq we;'
0.0 0
M,∞hS fkdjk úhoï wvq ls¯u" jd◊cuh f,i

2016 ;dj'
2001
2000

2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
,dN∞hS fufyhqï we;s ls¯ug yelsjk m˙† rch
i;= jd◊c jHjidhhka m%;sixialrKh ls¯u"
iykodhS Kh ^uqΩ úfoaY Kfhys ] f,i& ^jï wlaIh&
úksúo nj yd j.lSu jeä†hqKq ls¯u iy iykdOdr
iykodhS fkdjk Kh ^uqΩ úfoaY Kfhys ] f,i& ^jï wlaIh&
fhdackd l%u úêu;a m˙† b,lal.; ls¯u hkd†h is≥
tal mqoa., o'foa'ks' ^ol=Kq wlaIh& lrk w;r;=r" rdcH úhou ;dr®®lSllrKh ls¯u o"
uQ,hka ( uqo,a wud;HdxYh ue†ld,Sk rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d jevms<sfj< yd m%uqL;d
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
Wmdhudr®.hkag we;=<;ah' ue†ld,Sk Kh
rdcH Kh ord.; yels uÜgulg f.k tau Wfoid wdodhï l<ukdlrK Wmdhudr®. ;=<ska rcfha uQ,Hk
mdol lr.;a rdcH uQ,H tald.%;dj i|yd jk Wmdhud¾. wjYH;djka i|yd wvq wj∞kula iy wju ms˙jehla
iys; wruqo,a mej;Su iy;sl ls¯ug wjYH
by; i|yka l< m˙†" Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH uQ,H úplaIKYS,S Kh jevigykla i|yd rduqjla iemfha'
wiu;=,s;;d rdcH wd∞hu b;d my< uÜgul mej;Su
ksid is≥ ù we;s w;r" th jir .Kkdjla mqrd Kh by; m%ldYs; b,lal <Ûdlr .ekSu i|yd rch úiska
talrdYS ùu i|yd fya;= ù we;' foaYShj wd∞hï tla/ia l%shdudr®. lSmhla fï jkúg l%shd;aul lr we;s
ls¯u ;=<ska ue† yd †.= ld,Skj ;sridr Kh uÜgula w;r" ;j;a mshjr fndfyduhla kq≥re wkd.;fha °
<Ûd lr .ekSu i|yd whjeh ysÛh wvqlr .ekSu l%shd;aul ls¯ug wfmalaIs;h' 2016 jifr® fkdjeïnr®
Y%S ,xldjg b;d ;SrKd;aul wjYH;djhla ù we;' udifha ° ixfYdaê; tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ mk;
ta wkqj" ksjer† n≥ m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul ls¯ug yd n,d;aul lr Wm˙u ms˙jegqï iSudjla mekùu
n≥ m˙md,kh Yla;su;a ls¯ug iydh °u i|yd yryd tl;= l< w.h u; n≥" f;d. iy is,a,r
lafIa;% lsysmhla flakaø lr.ksñka rch úiska miq.sh fj<πu olajd jHdma; ls¯u is≥ lrk w;r;=r" n≥
wjqre≥ lsysmh ;=< ° mshjr /ila .kq ,eîh' wkqmd; by< ±óu iy n≥ ksoyia ls¯ï wvq ls¯u
tu lafIa;% jkqfha" ^w& ue†ld,Skj n≥ wd∞hu yryd n≥ moku mqΩ,a ls¯u" foaYSh wd∞hï mk;
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg 15-16 la muK kej; flgqïm;a ls¯u u.ska wd∞hï n≥ fr.=,dis

6
uÜgula olajd jeä ls¯u i|yd n≥ moku mqΩ,a ls¯u ixfYdaOkh ls¯u" n≥j,ska we;s wdfhdack °ukd
^wd& n≥ ksoyia ls¯ï" n≥ úrdu iy idOdrK yd M,∞hS flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrñka n≥ iyk m%∞kh
n≥ m˙md,khlg wys;lr jQ úfYaIs; n≥ wkqmd;sl ls¯ug wdfhdack uKav,hg meje;s yelshdj iSud
wju ls¯u u.ska n≥ moaO;sh ;dr®lSlrKh ls¯u lrñka wdfhdack uKav, mk; 2016 uehs udifha °
^we& wd∞hï m˙md,k yelshdjka jeä†hqKq ls¯u iy ixfYdaOkh ls¯u" wd∞hï n≥ yd tl;= l< w.h
^wE& úfYaIfhkau" j.lSï md,kh yd uQ,H ie,iqï u; n≥ i|yd wka;r®cd,h u.ska n≥ jdr®;d mshùu o
yd úkh m%Odk fldg.;a rdcH uq,H l<ukdlrKh we;=<;a m%Odk foaYSh n≥ jr®. lsysmhlg w∞<j kj
Yla;su;a ls¯u hkd†hhs' fuu l%shdudr®. n≥ f;dr;=re ;dlaI◊l moaO;shla y∫kajd °u (RAMIS)
wkql+,;dj jr®Okh ls¯ug fya;=jk w;r" wjidkfha ° hkd†h fï jk úg f.k we;s l%shdudr®. fõ'
rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d l%shdj,sh Yla;su;a lrkq we;'
wd∞hï mdol lr.;a rdcH uQ,H tald.%;dj i|yd
ta wkqj" rcfha ue†ld,Sk wruqK jkqfha" m%Odk mshjr .ekSu yd ta i|yd rcfha lemùu by< uÜgul
jYfhka n≥ wd∞hu jeä ls¯u u.ska uOHu rcfha meje;=K o" ue† yd †.= ld,Skj rdcH uQ,H tald.%;dj
iuia; whjeh ysÛh 2020 jk úg wju jYfhka ;=<ska wfmalaIs; b,lal <Ûdlr .ekSu i|yd
ishhg 3'5 la olajd wvq lrk w;ru" uOHu rcfha úkh.rel yd wêIaGdkYS,S foaYmd,k lemùula
Kh o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg 70 olajd iys;j rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d l%shdj,sfhka neyer
wvq ls¯uh' rdcH úhou ;dr®lSlrKh ls¯u iy rch fkdhk m˙† wjYH rdcH uQ,H m%;sixialrK wLKavj
i;= jd◊c jHjidhhka u.ska we;s úh yels rdcH is≥ ls¯u wjYH jkq we;'

211
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
rfgys f.jqï ;=,k ;;a;ajh Yla;su;a ls¯fï
iy rcfha mqΩ,a wdr®:ßl m%;sixialrK jevigyk
i|yd iydh ,nd .ekSfï wruq◊ka hq;=j rch
úiska 2016 cqks ui 03 jk †k cd;Hka;r uQ,H
wruqo, iu`. ;=ka wjqre≥ úia;Sr®K Kh myiqlula
i|yd t<Uq◊' fuu jevigyk" n≥ m%;sm;a;sh
yd n≥ m˙md,kh jr®Okh i|yd úúO l%shdudr®.
/ila we;=<;a rcfha m%;sm;a;s yd iu.dó jQjls'
rdcH whjefhys m%d:ñl .sKqfï fYaIh fuu
jevigyk hgf;a m%Odk m%udKd;aul ldr®hidOk
b,lalh ^Quantitative Performance Criteria& f,i
tl`. ù we;' 2016 jifr® ckjd˙-cqks iy ckjd˙-
foieïnr® ld,m˙Éf√o i|yd cd;Hka;r uQ,H
wruqof,a m%udKd;aul ldr®hidOk ksr®Kdhlh
f,i mj;ajd .; hq;= m%d:ñl .sKqfï fYaIh
ms<sfj<ska remsh,a ì,shk 46'0 l iy remsh,a
ì,shk 97'0 l ys`.hla úh' m%d:ñl .sKqfï fYaIhg
w∞< m%udKd;aul ldr®hidOk ksr®Kdhlh 2016
jir ;=< ° idr®:l f,i <`.d lr .ekSug rchg
yels úh'
cd;Hka;r Kh fY%a◊.; ls¯fï wdh;k
lsysmhla úiska 2016 jifr® ° Y%S ,xldfõ
iaffj¯;aj Kh fY%a◊.; ls¯ï wvq lrñka Kh
fY%a◊.; ls¯ï ixfYdaOkh l< o" 2017 jifr® uq,a
Nd.fha ° tu wdh;k o we;=`Mj tjeks wdh;k
lsysmhla úiska YS% ,xldj iïnkaO ;u fY%a◊.;
ls˙ï by< kxjk ,°' 2016 fmnrjd˙ 29 †k µsÉ
(Fitch) wdh;kh Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaYSh Kh fY%a◊.;
ls¯u "BB-" isg "B+" olajd ixfYdaOkh l< w;r"
Y%S ,xldfõ iaffj¯;aj Kh fY%a◊.; ls¯fï b†˙
±lau §ia:djr¶ isg §RKd;aul¶ olajd my;
6
fy<k ,°' fï i|yd m%;suQ,H wj∞kï by<
hEu" Kh l,ams¯ï ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< hEu"
≥r®j, rdcH uQ,H ;;a;ajh" úfoaY ixÑ; wvq ùu
iy Kh l<fUys úfoaYSh Kh m%udKh jeä ùu
hkd†h fya;= úh' flfia jqj o" rdcH uQ,H
ldr®hidOkfha mj;akd wLKav jr®Okh" ±kg
l%shd;aul fjñka mj;sk cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,a
úia;Sr®K Kh myiqlï jevigyk iu`. jr®Okh jQ
rcfha m%;sm;a;sj, ksjer† nj yd úYajikSh;ajh
iy wdr®:ßlfha ia:dhS jr®Okh hk lreKq i,ld
n,ñka" µsÉ (Fitch) wdh;kh úiska 2017 fmnrjd˙
09 jk †k †.=ld,Sk úfoaYSh yd foaYSh jHjydr
uqo,a Kh meyer ye¯fï fY%a◊.; ls¯u "B+" f,i
;yjqre lrk ,o w;r" Kh fY%a◊.; ls¯fuys
±lau §RKd;aul¶ isg §ia:djr¶ olajd ixfYdaOkh
lrk ,°' iagEkavr®â wekaâ mqjr®ia (Standard &
212
Poor's) Kh fY%a◊.; ls¯fï wdh;kh" 2016 udr®;=
26 †k †.=ld,Sk Kh fY%a◊.; ls¯u "B+" f,i o
fláld,Sk iaffj¯;aj Kh fY%a◊.; ls¯u "B"
f,i o ;yjqre l< w;r" †.=ld,Sk úfoaY úksuh
iaffj¯;aj Kh fY%a◊.; ls¯fï b†˙ ±lau
§ia:djr¶ isg §RKd;aul¶ f,i ixfYdaOkh lrk
,°' Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaYSh wxYfha mj;akd øjYS,;dj
u; we;s mSvkh iy tjlg mej;s ≥r®j, rdcH
uQ,H ;;a;ajh ta i|yd fya;= f,i fuu wdh;kh
úiska olajd we;' flfia fj;;a" 2017 udr®;= 07 †k
iagEkavr®â iy mqjr®ia (Standard & Poor's) fY%a◊.;
ls¯fï wdh;kh úiska †.=ld,Sk Kh fY%a◊.;
ls¯u "B+" f,i iy flá ld,Sk iaffj¯;aj Kh
fY%a◊.; ls¯u "B" f,i o Bg w∞< fmr±lau
§RKd;aul¶ f,i o kej; j;djla ;yjqre lrk
,o w;r" ta i|yd fya;= jQfha Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaYSh
wxYfha mj;akd ≥r®j,;djka iy úfoaY úksuh
wkqmd;sl lïmk fya;=fjka we;s úh yels rdcH
uQ,H úp,;djkah' 2016 cqks 20 †k uQãia (Moody's)
Kh fY%a◊.; ls¯fï wdh;kh o Tjqka úiska
;yjqre l< "B1" iaffj¯;aj fY%a◊.; ls¯u i|yd
jk b†˙ ±lau §ia:djr¶ isg §RKd;aul¶ olajd
ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°' fuu ixfYdaOkh i|yd
fya;= jQfha" f.jqï fYaIh u; mSvkhla we;s ls¯ug
∞hl fjñka o'foa'ks' jr®Okfha miqnEula we;s jk
m˙irhla ;=< Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH uQ,H wxYfha we;s
úh yels iuyr ≥r®j,;d iy rch úiska wfmalaId
lrkq ,enQ rdcH uQ,H m%;sixialrK wfmalaIs;
wdldrfhka l%shdjg kexùu is≥ fkdùu hkd†hhs'
n≥ m˙md,kh" rdcH uQ,H l<uKdld˙;ajh"
rdcH uQ,H md,kh iy rdcH jHjidhl;aj
wdh;kj, m˙md,kh hkd° wxYhkays jHqyd;aul
m%;sixialrK i|yd ie,lsh hq;= ld,hla .ekSu
fya;=fjka hï wjdis iy.; ;;a;ajhla we;s jqj o"
iuia;hla f,i 2016 jifr® ° rdcH uQ,H
fufyhqïj, jr®Okhka fmkakqï lrk ,°' m%Odk
jYfhka n≥ iïnkaO mshjr /ila ls%hdjg kexùu
fya;=fjka 2015 jifr® ° wdrïN jQ o'foa'ks'fhys
m%;sY;hla f,i rdcH wd∞hfuys by< hEfï
Wmk;sh 2016 jir ;=< ° o wLKavj mej;sK'
flfia fj;;a" iuyrla n≥ fjkia ls¯ï iy n≥
m˙md,kh wdY%s;j m%;sixialrK wfmalaId l<
m%udKhg jvd ukao.dó m%.;shla fmkakqï l<
w;r" th rdcH wd∞hfï ldr®hidOkh u; hï
RKd;aul n,mEula we;s ùug fya;= úh' jeä
jk rdcH úhou l<ukdlrKh ls¯u i|yd rch
úiska wLKavj .kq ,enQ W;aidyhkaf.a m%;sM,hla

f,i iuia; rdcH úhou jeä jQfha iq`M jYfhks'
flfia fj;;a" fmd,S f.ùï" jegqma yd fõ;k
iy l=gqïN fj; ,nd fok iykdOdr yd ixl%du
we;=<;a mqkrdjr®;k úhoï ;ju;a by< uÜgul
mj;sk w;r" th rdcH wdfhdack i|yd wjYH
uQ,H myiqlï iemhSug whjeh ;=< mj;akd bvlv
iSud lrkq ,nhs' fuu.ska rfgys há;, myiqlï
ixjr®Ok l%shdldrlïj,g úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhska
wdlr®IKh lr .ekSu i|yd rdcH fm!oa.,sl
yjq,ald˙;ajh (Public Private Partnership) †˙u;a
ls¯fï we;s wjYH;dj wjOdrKh lrkq ,nhs' ;jo"
wfmalaIs; rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d l%shdj,sh yryd
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i rcfha Kh" 2016 °
mej;s ishhg 79'3 isg 2020 jk úg ishhg 70
olajd wvq ls¯ug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' rfgys idr®j
wdr®:ßl fmr±lau jeä†hqKq ls¯u iy mj;akd rdcH
Khj,g w∞< m%;suQ,HlrK ms˙jeh wvq ls¯u
i|yd fuu b,lalh wfmalaIs; whq˙ka bgq ls¯u
w;HjYH fõ' flfia fj;;a" fuu b,lalh <`.d
lr .ekSu jr®;udk foaYSh yd cd;Hka;r wdr®:ßl
m˙irh ;=< rchg úYd, wNsfhda.hla jkq we;'
;jo" 2016 foieïnr® udifha ° fukau 2017 udr®;=
udifha ° tlai;a ckmofha fµvr,a ixÑ; nexl=j
úiska m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< kexùu
ksfõokh ls¯fuka miqj we;s jQ cd;Hka;r fmd,S
wkqmd;sl by< hEu" ì%;dkHh hqfrdamd ix.ufhka
bj;a ùfï n,mEu fya;=fjka fj<|fmd<j, we;s jQ
úp,;djh iy" uy nexl=j úiska .kq ,enQ ±ä
uQ,H m%;sm;a;s ia:djrh iu`. foaYSh fj<|fmdf<a
fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< hEu hkd†h fya;=fjka rdcH
Kh ms˙jeh ue† ld,Skj o wLKavj by< hEug
wfmalaIs;h' ;jo" m%Odk úfoaYSh uqo,aj,g tfrysj
remsh, wjm%udKh ùu rcfha Kh u; wu;r
mSvkhla we;s ls¯ug fya;= úh yels jqjo" th ;Sre
n≥ moku jr®Okh iy úfoaY uQ,Hkhka i`oyd
jeä remsh,a m%udKhla ,eîu hkd° jYfhka rdcH
uQ,H lghq;=j,g Okd;aul f,i n,mdkq we;'
úfoaYSh Kh iïnkaOfhka .;a l," b†˙ wjqre≥
5-6 ld,h ;=< cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne`≥ïlr
rdYshla m˙K; ùug we;s neúka" w∞< ld,h ;=<
rfgys mj;akd úfoaYSh Kh fjkqfjka Kh wdmiq
f.ùï is≥ ls¯u i|yd ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhlg
wÆ;ska uQ,HlrKh is≥ ls¯ug wjYH jkq we;' tu
ksid" foaYSh iy cd;Hka;r fj<|fmd<j,ska Kh
/ia ls¯fï ° tljr Kh m˙K; ùfï .egÆjla
(bunching problem) we;s fkdjk m˙† wruqo,a
/ia ls¯u i|yd jeä ie,ls,a,la ±laúh hq;=h'
fuu ;;a;ajh ;=<" rdcH uQ,H wxYfha †.= ld,hla
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yd rdcH uQ,H lghq;=
;siafia mj;akd jHqyd;aul ≥r®j,;d ;SrKd;aul
f,i úi£u i|yd foaYmd,k lemùula iys;j
m%;sixialrK ±ä f,i wLKavj is≥ ls¯ug
wjYH fõ'
6'3 rcfha whjeh lghq;=
wdodhu iy m%odk
wdodhu
2016 jifr® ° rcfha wd∞hu o'foa'ks'fhys
m%;sY;hla f,i wLKavj fojk jirg;a jeä úh'
rcfha wd∞hu o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i 2015
jifr® mej;s ishhg 13'3 yd iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 14'2 olajd jeä jQ w;r" wd∞hu by<
kexùu i|yd jk rcfha m%h;ak thg fya;= úh'
fuu wd∞hï by< hEu i|yd n≥ fkdjk wd∞hu
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d
jQ ishhg 0'9 isg jir ;=< ° ishhg 1'9 olajd by<
hEu ∞hl jQ w;r" rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhkaf.ka
,o ,dN iy ,dNdxY by< hEu thg m%Odk jYfhka
fya;= úh' flfia fj;;a" 2016 jifr® ° n≥ wd∞hu
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ
ishhg 12'4 uÜgfï fkdfjkiaj mej;s w;r"
fudagr® jdyk u; ksIamdok n≥" ixia:dms; yd
ixia:dms; fkdjk wd∞hï n≥ iy r|jd .ekSfï
n≥j,ska ,o wd∞hu my< hEu hï ;rulska
ys,õùu i|yd tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ iy wdkhk
n≥j,ska ,o wd∞hu by< hEu fya;= úh'
jifr® uq`M kdñl wd∞hu 2015 jifr® mej;s
remsh,a ì,shk 1"454'9 isg remsh,a ì,shk 1"686'1
olajd ishhg 15'9 lska jeä jQ w;r" n≥ wd∞hu
6
iy n≥ fkdjk wd∞hu hk fowxYfhysu by<
hEu tu.ska ksrEmKh úh' kdñl n≥ wd∞hu 2015
jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 1"355'8 isg 2016 jifr® °
remsh,a ì,shk 1"463'7 olajd ishhg 8'0 lska
by< .sfhah' fudagr® jdyk u; ksIamdok n≥"
r|jd .ekSfï n≥ iy ixia:dms; yd ixia:dms;
fkdjk wd∞hï n≥ yer wfkla ishÆ n≥ jr®.j,ska
,o wd∞hu by< hEu" n≥ wd∞hu by< hEug fya;=
úh' flfia fj;;a" n≥ wd∞hfuys ie,lsh hq;=
jr®Okh i|yd tl;= l< w.h u; noao" jrdh iy
.=jka f;dgqm< ixjr®Ok noao iy wdkhk n≥j,ska
,o wd∞hfuys by< jr®Okh ∞hl úh' jl% n≥
wd∞hu 2016 jifr® uq`M n≥ wd∞hñka ishhg 82'3 lg
∞hl fjñka uq`M n≥ wd∞hfuys m%Odk m%Njh
f,i mej;s◊' ta w;r" ixia:dms; yd ixia:dms;
fkdjk wd∞hï n≥ iy r|jd .ekSfï n≥j,ska
,enqKq wd∞hu my< hEu fya;=fjka Rcq n≥
213
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

wd∞hu iq`M jYfhka wvq jQ w;r" 2016 jifr® ° th 6'2 ixLHd igyk
uq`M n≥ wd∞hñka ishhg 17'7 la úh' n≥ wd∞hu" wd¾Ól j¾.SlrKhg wkqj rdcH wdodhu
iuia; wd∞hfuys m%;sY;hla f,i miq.sh jifrys 2016 2017
wkqu;
jdr®;d jQ ishhg 93'2 isg 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 86'8
YSr®Ih 2015 wkqu; ;djld,sl
weia;fïka;=
weia;fïka;=
olajd wvq jQ w;r" n≥ fkdjk wd∞hfï ie,lsh
remsh,a ñ,shk
hq;= by< hEu tu.ska ksrEmKh fõ'
n≥ wd∞hu 1,355,779 1,646,000 1,463,689 1,827,000
ixia:dms; yd ixia:dms; fkdjk n≥ wd∞hu wd∞hï n≥ 262,583 251,700 258,857 334,550
tl;=l< w.h u; n≥ 219,700 240,000 283,470 380,000
iy r|jd .ekSfï n≥ wd∞hu my< hEu fya;=fjka ksIamdok n≥ 497,652 556,235 454,952 579,035
wd∞hï n≥ u.ska ,o wd∞hu o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla wdkhk u; n≥ 132,189 125,000 156,487 165,500
wfkl=;a n≥ 243,655 473,065 309,924 367,915
f,i fukau kdñl jYfhka o my< .sfhah' ta wkqj"
n≥ fkdjk wd∞hu 99,099 176,970 222,374 183,300
wd∞hï n≥ wd∞hu o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i uqΩ wd∞hu 1,454,878 1,822,970 1,686,062 2,010,300
2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg 2'4 isg 2016 jifr® ° o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ^w&
ishhg 2'2 olajd wvq jQ w;r" th kdñl jYfhka o n≥ wd∞hu 12.4 13.2 12.4 13.5
miq.sh jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 262'6 isg wd∞hï n≥ 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.5
tl;=l< w.h u; n≥ 2.0 1.9 2.4 2.8
remsh,a ì,shk 258'9 olajd ishhg 1'4 lska iq`M ksIamdok n≥ 4.5 4.4 3.8 4.3
jYfhka wvq úh' ta wkqj" ixia:dms; iy ixia:dms; wdkhk u; n≥ 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.2
fkdjk wd∞hï n≥ m%udKh miq.sh jifr® jdr®;d jQ wfkl=;a n≥ 2.2 3.8 2.6 2.7
n≥ fkdjk wd∞hu 0.9 1.4 1.9 1.4
remsh,a ì,shk 167'3 isg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a uqΩ wd∞hu 13.3 14.6 14.2 14.9
ì,shk 154'3 olajd ishhg 7'8 lska wvq úh' ^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;=fïka;=j uQ,h( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
,dN Wmhk jHdmdr" wdr®:ßl fiajd .dia;= f.ùug úiska 2017'03'15 †k ksl=;a lrk ,o 2015
ixfYdaê; o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
hg;a ls¯u iy f.úh hq;= wd∞hï n≥j,ska wdr®:ßl
fiajd .dia;= wvq ls¯ug bv ,nd °u ;=<ska ixia:dms; remsh,a ì,shk 20'5 olajd ie,lsh hq;= f,i by<
yd ixia:dms; fkdjk n≥ wd∞hu wvq jQ w;r" .sh w;r" tu jr®Okh wdr®:ßl fiajd .dia;=
wdr®:ßl fiajd .dia;= wd∞hu by< hEu thg m%Odk wkqmd;slh ishhg 0'25 isg ishhg 0'5 olajd by<
jYfhka fya;= úh' Wmhk úg f.ùfï n≥ wd∞hu kexùu iy ldr®;=jlg remsh,a ñ,shk 50 blaujd
2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 28'2 olajd ishhg 7'5 ,dN Wmhk jHdmdr wdr®:ßl fiajd .dia;= f.ùug
lska jeä jQ w;r foaYSh wd∞hï fomdr®;fïka;=j hg;a ls¯fuys taldnoaO m%;sM,hhs' flfia fj;;a"
;=< wd∞hï m˙md,k l<ukdlrK f;dr;=re r|jd .ekSfï n≥ wd∞hu jir ;=< ° remsh,a
moaO;sh wdrïN ls¯u;a iu`. n≥ wkql+,;dj by< ì,shk 55'9 olajd ishhg 11'1 lska wvq jQ w;r
hEu thg fya;= úh' ta w;r" wdr®:ßl fiajd .dia;= rcfha iq/l=ïm;a ksl=;a ls¯fï m%udKh wvq ùu
wd∞hu 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk 6'1 isg tu.ska ksrEmKh fõ'

6
6'2 rEm igyk 2016 jifr® ° tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ wd∞hu
rdcH wdodhfï ixhq;sh - 2016 o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i fukau kdñl
jYfhka o by< .sfhah' tl;= l< w.h u; n≥

ksIamdok n≥
,dN yd
wkqmd;slh ishhg 11 isg ishhg 15 olajd by<
27]
,dNdxY kexùu" tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ hgf;a ,nd ° ;snQ
6]
we;eï n≥ ksoyia ls¯ï bj;a ls˙u u.ska tl;=
wdkhk n≥
18] l< w.h u; n≥ moku mq`M,a ls¯u iy wd∞hï
tl;= l< .dia;= yd m˙md,k l<ukdlrK f;dr;=re moaO;sh wdrïN
w.h u; n≥ whls¯ï
17] 4] ls¯u;a iu`. n≥ wkql+,;dj by< hEu thg
wd∞hï n≥ m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' ta wkqj" tl;= l< w.h
wfkl=;a
16]
2] u; n≥ wd∞hu o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i
fmd,S 2015 jifr® mej;s ishhg 2'0 isg 2016 jifr® °
wfkl=;a n≥ wd∞hu
9] 1] ishhg 2'4 olajd jeä jQ w;r" kdñl jYfhka th
n≥ wodhu
n≥ fkdjk miq.sh jifr® jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk 219'7 yd
wdodhu
87]
13] iei£fï ° remsh,a ì,shk 283'5 olajd ishhg
uQ,h( uqo,a wud;HdxYh 29'0 lska jeä úh' foaYSh wdr®:ßl lghq;=j,ska ,o

214

tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ wd∞hu remsh,a ì,shk 168'1
olajd ishhg 28'8 lska jeä jQ w;r" th o'foa'ks'fhys
m%;sY;hla f,i miq.sh jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg
1'2 isg ishhg 1'4 olajd jeä úh' thg wu;rj"
wdkhk u; jk tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ wd∞hu o
by; fjkialïj, m%;sM,hla f,i miq.sh
jifr® jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk 89'2 isg 2016
jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 115'3 olajd ishhg 29'3
lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i jeä úh'
m%Odk jYfhka" fudagr® jdyk wdkhkfhka
,o ksIamdok n≥ wd∞hu wvq ùu fya;=fjka 2016
jifr® ° uq`M n≥ wd∞hug by<u ∞hl;ajh
imhk ksIamdok n≥$iqrd n≥ wd∞hu wvq úh' uq`M
n≥ wd∞hfuys m%;sY;hla f,i ksIamdok n≥$iqrd
n≥ wd∞hu 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg 36'7 yd
iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 31'1 olajd wvq jQ
w;r" fudagr® jdyk wdkhkh wvq ùu thg fya;=
úh' ta wkqj" ksIamdok n≥$iqrd n≥ wd∞hu kdñl
jYfhka 2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 497'7
isg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 454'9 olajd
ishhg 8'6 lska wvq jQ w;r" o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla
f,i th 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg 4'5 isg
ishhg 3'8 olajd ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq úh' flfia
fj;;a" uoHidr" is.rÜ iy Lksc f;,a ksIamdok
u; ksIamdok n≥$iqrd n≥ wd∞hu" tu ksIamd†; u;
jk ksIamdok n≥$iqrd n≥ wkqmd;sl by< kexùu
fya;=fjka ms<sfj<ska remsh,a ì,shk 120'2 olajd
ishhg 14'2 lska" remsh,a ì,shk 88'8 olajd ishhg
11'0 lska iy remsh,a ì,shk 55'7 olajd ishhg
23'6 lska jeä úh' flfia kuq;a" fudagr® jdyk
u; ksIamdok n≥ wd∞hu remsh,a ì,shk 263'5 isg
2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 186'5 olajd ishhg
29'2 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i my< .sh w;r" jdyk
wdkhkh wvq ls¯u i|yd rch úiska wkq.ukh
l< m%;sm;a;suh l%shdudr®. ta i|yd m%Odk jYfhka
fya;= úh' f;dard .;a fudagr® jdyk u; n≥ by<
kexùu" ksIamdok n≥ .Kkh ls¯fï wruq◊ka
fudagr® jdykj, jákdlu ksr®Kh ls¯fï kj
l%ufõohla y∫kajd °u iy 2015 w. Nd.fha isg
fudagr® jdyk ñ,° .ekSu fyda Wmfhdackh ls¯u
i|yd m%∞kh lrkq ,nk Kh iy w;a;sldrï
myiqlï i|yd Wm˙u jákdlu u; Kh wkqmd;
mekùu o fuhg we;=<;a fõ'
wdkhk n≥ iy úfYaI fj<| NdKav n≥j,ska
,o wd∞hu o o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i 2015
jifr® mej;s ishhg 1'7 yd iei£fï ° 2016
jifr® ° ishhg 1'8 olajd jeä úh' wdkhk n≥
wd∞hu kdñl jYfhka remsh,a ì,shk 156'5 olajd
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yd rdcH uQ,H lghq;=
ishhg 18'4 lska jeä jQ w;r" úfYaI fj<| NdKav
noafoka ,o wd∞hu miq.sh jifr® jdr®;d jQ remsh,a
ì,shk 52'3 isg remsh,a ì,shk 55'8 olajd ishhg
6'8 lska jeä úh' we;eï øjH i|yd w∞< jk
wdkhk n≥ wkqmd;sl by< hEu" ;Sre n≥ w;aye¯ï
ixfYdaOkh ls¯u iy 2015 jifr® ° ldKav ;=klska
hq;a ;Sre n≥ jHqyhla y∫kajd °u wdkhk n≥
/ia ls¯ï by< hEug fya;= úh' úfYaI fj<|
NdKav noafoka ,o wd∞hu by< hEug fya;= jQfha
úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao w∞< jk ld, iSudj °r®>
ls¯u iy foaYSh fj<|fmd< b,aÆï iy iemhqï
;;a;ajhka i,ld n,ñka rch úiska úfYaI fj<|
NdKav noao yd iïnkaOfhka l,ska l,g is≥
l< ixfYdaOkhkah' wdkhk n≥ wd∞hu uq`M n≥
wd∞hfuys m%;sY;hla f,i 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ
ishhg 9'8 isg 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 10'7 olajd jeä jQ
w;r úfYaI fj<| NdKav noafoka ,o wd∞hu n≥
wd∞hfuys m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg 3'9 isg ishhg
3'8 olajd iq`M jYfhka wvq úh'
2016 jifr® ° wfkl=;a ishÆu n≥j,ska ,o
wd∞hu kdñl jYfhka by< .sfhah' ta wkqj" jrdh
iy .=jka f;dgqm< ixjr®Ok n≥ wd∞hu remsh,a
ì,shk 88'8 la olajd ishhg 51'5 lska ie,lsh
hq;= f,i jeä jQ w;r" 2016 ckjd˙ 01 †k isg
n,d;aul jk m˙† jrdh iy .=jka f;dgqm<
ixjr®Ok n≥ wkqmd;slh ishhg 5'0 isg ishhg
7'5 olajd by< kexùu thg fya;= úh' fiia n≥
wd∞hu remsh,a ì,shk 61'7 olajd ishhg 33'4 lska
jeä jQ w;r" fr†ms<s iy mdjyka we;=`M we;eï
ksIamdok i|yd w∞< jk fiia n≥ wkqmd;sl by<
kexùu thg fya;= úh' cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï n≥
6
wd∞hu kdñl jYfhka remsh,a ì,shk 57'4 olajd
ishhg 27'6 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< .sh w;r"
foaYSh wdr®:ßl lghq;= u; jk cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï
n≥ wd∞hu iy wdkhk u; jk cd;sh
f.dvke.Sfï n≥ wd∞hu hk foflysu jeä ùu
bka ksrEmKh úh' we;eï fiajd u; m%∞kh lr ;snQ
n≥ ksoyia ls¯ï bj;a ls¯u iy wdkhk m%udKh
by< hEu iu`. wdr®:ßl l%shdldrlï †hqKq ùu"
cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï n≥ wd∞hfuys fuu jr®Okhg
fya;= úh' ú≥,s ixfoaY noao u.ska ,o wd∞hu jir
;=< ° kdñl jYfhka remsh,a ì,shk 35'9 olajd
ishhg 7'8 lska jeä jQ w;r" ikaksfõokh wdY%s;
l%shdldrlï mq`M,a ùu iy wka;r®cd, fiajd u;
jk ú≥,s ixfoaY n≥ wkqmd;slh iy cd;Hka;r
ú≥,s ixfoaY kshduk .dia;=j by< hEu thg fya;=
úh' ;jo" jrdh iy .=jka f;dgqm< ixjr®Ok n≥
215
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
wd∞hu o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i 2015 jifr®
mej;s ishhg 0'5 isg ishhg 0'8 olajd by< .sh
w;r" fiia n≥ wd∞hu o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla
f,i 2015 jifr® mej;s ishhg 0'4 isg ishhg 0'5
olajd by< .sfhah' jir ;=< ° cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï
n≥ wd∞hu o o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i miq.sh
jifr® mej;s ishhg 0'4 isg ishhg 0'5 olajd jeä
úh'
n≥ fkdjk wd∞hu o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla
f,i 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ ishhg 0'9 isg 2016
jifr® ° ishhg 1'9 olajd jeä jQ w;r" kdñl
jYfhka th 2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 99'1
isg remsh,a ì,shk 222'4 olajd fo.=Khlg;a jvd
jeä m%udKhlska by< .sfhah' rch i;= jd◊c
jHjidhhkaf.ka ,o ,dN iy ,dNdxY mejreï iy
.dia;= yd whls¯ïj,ska ,o wd∞hï by< hEu fuu
by< hEu i|yd m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' rch
i;= jd◊c jHjidhhkaf.ka ,o ,dN iy ,dNdxY
mejreï u.ska ,o wd∞hu 2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a
ì,shk 29'8 isg jir ;=< ° remsh,a ì,shk 108'2 la
olajd f;.=Khlg;a jvd jeä m%udKhlska ie,lsh
hq;= f,i jeä jQ w;r" nexl= iy rlaIK iïnkaO
rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhka" ,xld Lksc f;,a
kS;s.; ixia:dj" ,xld ú≥,sn, uKav,h iy ú≥,s
ixfoaY kshduk fldñIka iNdj hk wdh;kj,
by< ldr®hidOkh thg fya;= úh' ta w;ru" .dia;=
iy wh ls¯ïj,ska ,o wd∞hu 2015 jifr® mej;s
remsh,a ì,shk 42'4 isg remsh,a ì,shk 68'4 la
olajd jeä jQ w;r" keõ ke.Sfï$.=jka.; ùfï n≥"
úfoaY .uka n,m;% iy ùid .dia;= jeä ùu thg
fya;= úh' iudc wdrlaIK .dia;=" fmd,S iy l=,S
6
wd∞hï jeks wfkla m%Njhkaf.ka ,o n≥ fkdjk
wd∞hï o 2016 jifr® ° jeä úh' tys m%;sM,hla f,i
n≥ fkdjk wd∞hu uq`M n≥ wd∞hfuys m%;sY;hla
f,i 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg 6'8 isg ishhg
13'2 olajd ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< .sfhah'
m%odk
jir ;=< ° ,o uq`M úfoaYSh m%∞k 2015
jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 6'0 isg 2016 jifr® °
remsh,a ì,shk 7'5 olajd jeä jqj o" th jdr®Isl
weia;fïka;=j jQ remsh,a ì,shk 15'0 g jvd ie,lsh
hq;= f,i wvq uÜgul mej;=◊' nyqmdr®Yaùh
wdOdrlrejkaf.ka ,enqKq m%∞k 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ
remsh,a ì,shk 4'4 isg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a
ì,shk 5'1 olajd ishhg 16'4 lska by< .sfhah' ta
w;r" nyqmdr®Yaùh wdOdrlrejkaf.ka ,enqKq m%∞k"
uq`M m%∞kj, m%;sY;hla f,i 2015 jifr® mej;s
216
ishhg 73'2 isg 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 68'4 olajd wvq
úh' flfia fj;;a" oaúmdr®Yaùh wdOdrlrejkaf.ka
,enqKq m%∞k miq.sh jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk
1'6 isg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 2'4 olajd
ie,lsh hq;= f,i jeä úh' jir ;=< ° úfoaYSh
m%∞k ,nd ≥ka m%Odk ixjr®Ok wdOdrlrejka
jQfha cd;Hka;r ixjr®Okh ix.uh (IDA)" f,dal
nexl=j iy cr®ukshhs'
úhoï iy Y=oaO Kh §ï
uq`M úhou yd Y=oaO Kh °ï o'foa'ks'fhys
m%;sY;hla f,i 2015 jifr® mej;s ishhg
20'9 isg 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 19'7 olajd wvq jQ
w;r mqkrdjr®;k úhoï fukau m%d.aOk úhoï
yd Y=oaO Kh °ï o wvq ùu thg fya;= úh'
fuh" mqkrdjr®;k úhoï iSud ls¯ug fukau
m%d.aOk úhoï l%uj;a ls¯ug rch úiska wLKavj
ork ,o m%h;akhkays m%;sM,hls' ta wkqj" uq`M úhou
yd Y=oaO Kh °ïj, wvq ùu" mqkrdjr®;k úhou
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg 14'8 olajd
m%;sY;dxl 0'7 lska wvq ùu iy m%d.aOk úhou yd
Y=oaO Kh °ï o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg
4'9 olajd m%;sY;dxl 0'5 lska wvq ùu hk foflysu
taldnoaO m%;sM,hls' flfia fj;;a" uq`M úhou yd
Y=oaO Kh °ï kdñl jYfhka 2015 jifr® mej;s
remsh,a ì,shk 2"290'4 isg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a
ì,shk 2"333'9 olajd ishhg 1'9 lska jeä úh' rcfha
wdfhdack 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 5'0 la jQ w;r" th 2015
jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ ishhg 5'5 uÜgug jvd ie,lsh
hq;= f,i wvq uÜgul mej;=◊' 2016 jifr® °
th ishhg 5'0 olajd ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq úh'
mqkrdjr®;k úhoï o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla
f,i 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg 15'5 isg 2016
jifr® ° ishhg 14'8 olajd wvq úh' fmd,S f.ùï yer
wfkla ishÆ m%Odk mqkrdjr®;k úhoï ldKavhka
fuu jr®Okh i|yd ∞hl úh' flfia fj;;a"
mqkrdjr®;k úhou kdñl jYfhka 2015 jifr®
mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 1"701'7 isg 2016 jifr® °
remsh,a ì,shk 1"757'8 olajd ishhg 3'3 lska jeä úh'
mqkrdjr®;k úhoïj, kdñl w.h by< hEu i`oyd
fmd,S f.ùï by< hEu" uQ,sl jYfhka fya;= jQ
w;r" jegqma yd fõ;k u; úhoï by< hEu tA
i`oyd n,mE ;j;a fya;=jla úh'
fmd,S f.ùï o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i
miq.sh jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg 4'7 isg 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 5'2 olajd jeä úh' fmd,S f.ùu i|yd jQ úhou
kdñl jYfhka 2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk
 rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yd rdcH uQ,H lghq;=

509'7 isg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 610'9 olajd 6'3 ixLHd igyk
ishhg 19'9 lska jeä jQ w;r" foaYSh fj<|fmd< wd¾Ól j¾.SlrKhg wkqj
úhou iy Y=oaO Kh §ï
;=< fukau wka;r®cd;sl fj<|fmd< ;=< o mej;s
2016 2017
by< fmd,S wkqmd;sl iy m%Odk úfoaYSh uqo,aj,g
idfmalaIj Y%S ,xld remsh, wjm%udKh ùu thg

YSr®Ih 2015 wkqu;
wkqu; ;djld,sl weia;fïka;=
weia;fïka;=
m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' foaYSh Kh u; jk fmd,S remsh,a ñ,shk
úhou 2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 394'3 isg mqkrdjr®;k úhoï 1,701,658 1,717,239 1,757,782 1,946,000
NdKav yd fiajd úhou 772,563 757,722 746,250 838,336
2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 484'2 olajd ishhg thska jegqma yd fõ;k 561,730 581,341 576,471 615,000
22'8 lska by< .sh w;r" 2016 jir wjidk jk fmd,S f.ùï 509,674 520,452 610,895 680,087
úg fkdmsh jQ foaYSh Kh m%udKh remsh,a ì,shk úfoaYhS 115,386 79,233 126,713 123,291
foaYh
S 394,289 441,219 484,182 556,796
5"341'5 olajd ishhg 7'7 lska by< hEu fukau jr®;k mejreï yd iykdOdr 419,420 439,065 400,637 427,577
foaYSh Kh u; jk idudkH fmd,S wkqmd;slh thska l=gï
q N iy wfkl=;a
wxYhkag 345,483 371,392 317,153 358,613
by< hEu thg m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' ta w;r" iuDoaê 39,994 43,950 40,740 43,950
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr u; jk fmd,S úhou 2015 úY%du jegqma 155,320 167,845 171,903 180,830
fmdfydr iykdOdr 49,571 35,000 27,771 36,500
jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 295'8 isg 2016 jifr® °
wfkl=;a 100,598 124,597 76,739 97,333
remsh,a ì,shk 356'8 olajd ishhg 20'6 lska m%d.aOk úhoï 588,175 859,482 577,036 697,780
by< .sh w;r" th foaYSh fj<|fmdf<ys fmd,S uQr;® j;alï w;am;a lr .ekSï 313,260 622,066 328,202 502,035
m%d.aOk mejreï 274,916 237,416 248,834 195,745
wkqmd;sl by< hEu iy 2016 jir w. jk úg
wdmiq f.ùï wvql< miq Kh °ï 561 1,399 -934 1,520
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr m%udKh ishhg 12'4 lska jeä
uqΩ úhou iy Y=oO
a Kh °ï 2,290,394 2,578,119 2,333,883 2,645,300
ùfï m%;sM,hls' NdKavd.dr ì,am;a i|yd jQ fmd,S
o'foa'ks'fhyss m%;sY;hla f,i ^w&
úhoï 2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 57'7 isg
mqkrdjr®;k úhoï 15.5 13.7 14.8 14.4
2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 78'8 olajd ishhg NdKav yd fiajd úhou 7.1 6.1 6.3 6.2
36'5 lska jeä jQ w;r" m%Odk jYfhkau foaYSh thska jegqma yd fõ;k 5.1 4.7 4.9 4.6
fmd,S f.ùï 4.7 4.2 5.2 5.0
fj<|fmdf<ys fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< hEu Bg fya;= úfoaYhS 1.1 0.6 1.1 0.9
úh' óg wu;rj" 2016 jifr® ° Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok foaYh
S 3.6 3.5 4.1 4.1
ne∫ïlr iy remsh,a Kh i|yd jQ fmd,S f.ùï jr®;k mejreï yd iykdOdr 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.2
thska l=gï
q N iy wfkl=;a
ms<sfj<ska remsh,a ì,shk 33'4 la iy remsh,a wxYhkag 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.7
ì,shk 2'9 la úh' tfukau" foaYSh Kh u; jk iuDoaê 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3
úY%du jegqma 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.3
fmd,S úhou uq`M fmd,S úhofuys m%;sY;hla f,i fmdfydr iykdOdr 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.3
miq.sh jifr® mej;s ishhg 77'4 yd iei£fï ° wfkl=;a 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.7

2016 jifr® ° ishhg 79'3 olajd jeä úh' ta w;r" m%d.aOk úhoï 5.4 6.9 4.9 5.2

6
uQr;® j;alï w;am;a lr .ekSï 2.9 5.0 2.8 3.7
úfoaYSh Kh u; jk fmd,S úhou 2015 jifr® m%d.aOk mejreï 2.5 1.9 2.1 1.4
mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 115'4 isg 2016 jifr® ° wdmiq f.ùï wvql< miq Kh °ï … … … …

remsh,a ì,shk 126'7 olajd ishhg 9'8 lska by< uqΩ úhou iy Y=oO
a Kh °ï 20.9 20.6 19.7 19.6

.sh w;r" 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg úfoaYSh Kh ^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk

fomdr®;=fïka;=j úiska 2017'03'15 †k
uQ,h( uqo,a wud;HdxYh

m%udKh ishhg 14'2 lska by< hEu fuhg m%Odk
jYfhka fya;= úh' 2016 jir ;=< ° fmd,S úhou
mqkrdjr®;k úhoï ys úYd,;u whs;uh njg m;a jQ
w;r" th uq`M mqkrdjr®;k úhoñka ishhg 34'8 la
iy rcfha wd∞hñka ishhg 36'2 laa úh'
jegqma iy fõ;k i|yd jk úhou kdñl
jYfhka remsh,a ì,shk 576'5 olajd ishhg 2'6 lska
by< .sh o" o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i th 2015
jifr® mej;s ishhg 5'1 isg 2016 jifr® ° ishhg
4'9 olajd wvq úh' wdrlaIl fiajd i|yd jk jegqma
yd fõ;k we;=`Mj uOHu rcfha fiajlhkaf.a
jegqma yd fõ;k remsh,a ì,shk 432'7 olajd ishhg
ksl=;a lrk ,o 2015 ixfYdaê; o'foa'ks'
weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
5'3 lska by< .sfhah' rdcH wxYfha fiajlhka
i|yd jk wka;r® °ukdj uQ,sl jegqmg m˙jr®;kh
lrkq ,nk kj jegqma jHqyhka 2016 ckjd˙ 01
†k isg l%shd;aul ls¯u fya;=fjka w;sld, iy
wfkla °ukd i|yd jQ úhoï by< hEu thg m%Odk
jYfhka fya;= úh' uq`M mqkrdjr®;k úhofuys
m%;sY;hla f,i jegqma yd fõ;k 2015 jifr® mej;s
ishhg 33'0 yd iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® ° ishhg
32'8 la jQ w;r" th fojk úYd,;u mqkrdjr®;k
úhou o úh'

217
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

6'3 rEm igyk úY%du jegqma f.ùï we;=Ωj l=gqïN fj;

rdcH mqkrdj¾;k úhofï ixhq;sh - 2016 lrk ,o mejreï o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i
fmd,S f.ùu 2015 jifr® mej;s ishhg 3'2 isg 2016 jifr® °
35]
ishhg 2'7 olajd wvq úh' l=gqïN fj; lrk ,o
úY%du
rdcH wdh;k jegqma
jr®;k mejreï kdñl jYfhka 2015 jifr® mej;s
iy ixia:d
fj; mejreï
10] remsh,a ì,shk 345'5 isg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a
5] ì,shk 317'2 olajd ishhg 8'2 lska wvq úh' l=gqïN
wxYh fj; lrk jr®;k mejreï w;˙ka úYd,;u
fjk;a
4]
whs;uh jk úY%du jegqma f.ùï 2015 jifr®
mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 155'3 yd iei£fï ° remsh,a
fmdfydr
wfkl=;a NdKav iykdOdrh ì,shk 171'9 olajd ishhg 10'7 lska by< .sh
yd fiajd 2]
9] w;r" rdcH m˙md,k pl%f,aL wxl 03$2016 wkqj
iuDoaê
jegqma yd fõ;k l=gqïN wxYh 2] rdcH fiajlhskaf.a jegqma" kj jegqma m˙udKhkag
33] fj; mejereï m˙jr®;kh ls¯u yd jir ;=< ° úY%dñlhka
18]
uQ,h( uqo,a wud;HdxYh ixLHdj 579"414 olajd 18"915 lska jeä ùu thg
fya;= úh' fmdfydr iykdOdrh i|yd jk úhou
wfkl=;a NdKav yd fiajd i|yd jQ úhou 2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 49'6 isg 2016
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 27'8 olajd ishhg 44'0 lska
ishhg 1'9 isg ishhg 1'4 olajd wvq úh' tfukau" ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq úh' fmdfydr iykdOdrh
kdñl jYfhka o th 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk f,i lsf,da.%Eï 50 l fmdfydr nE.hla remsh,a
169'8 olajd ishhg 19'5 lska wvq úh' wfkl=;a NdKav 350 l ñ,g iemhSu fjkqjg ù f.dúfhl= i|yd
yd fiajd u; jk mqkrdjr®;k úhoï ;dr®lSlrKh fylaghdr foll Wm˙uhla i|yd fylaghdrhlg
ls¯ug rch .;a W;aidyhka thg m%Odk jYfhka remsh,a 25"000 l °ukdjla ,nd °u u.ska úhoï
fya;= úh' uOHu rch úiska uyck iduh yd ;dr®lSlrKh ls¯ug rch .;a W;aidyh ta i|yd
wdrlaIdj we;=`Mj wfkl=;a NdKav yd fiajd u; m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' úhoï l%uj;a ls¯u i|yd
is≥ l< úhou 2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk rch úiska l%shd;aul l< l%shdudr®.hka fya;=fjka
190'9 isg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 144'4 olajd 2016 jifr® ° mdi,a ks, we∫ï ,nd °u i|yd jQ
ishhg 24'3 lska wvq úh' th jir ;=< ° wfkl=;a úhou remsh,a ì,shk 2'2 olajd ishhg 4'6 lska
NdKav yd fiajd i|yd jQ uq`M úhofuka ishhg wvq úh' ks, we∫ï fr† iemhSu fjkqjg 2016 jifr®
85'1 la úh' isg jjqpr®m;a iemhSu u.ska weiqreï ls¯u" .nvd
ls¯u iy fr† fn∞ ye¯u i|yd rchg ±¯ug

6
uq`M jr®;k mejreï yd iykdOdr o'foa'ks'fhys
m%;sY;hla f,i 2015 jifr® mej;s ishhg 3'8 isg
6'4 rEm igyk
2016 jifr® ° ishhg 3'4 olajd wvq jQ w;r" l=gqïN
ld¾hhka wkqj úhoï j¾.SlrKh - 2016
wxYh fj; lrk ,o jr®;k mejreï wvq ùu ta
i|yd m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' tfukau" kdñl idudkH fmd≥ fiajd
19]
jYfhka o jr®;k mejreï yd iykdOdr 2015
jifr® jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk 419'4 yd iei£fï ° m%jdykh yd
iqNidOkh
ikaksfõokh
11]
2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 400'6 olajd ishhg 11]

4'5 lska o wvq jQ w;r" mj;akd rdcH uQ,H tald.%;d wOHdmkh

l%shdj,shg iu.dój iqNidOk jevigyka l%uj;a lDIslr®u yd 10]
jd˙udr®.
ls¯u fuhg hï ;rulg fya;= úh' l=gqïN iy 6]
fi!LH
wfkl=;a wxY fj; lrk ,o jr®;k mejreï uq`M 8]
wfkl=;a
jr®;k mejreïj, m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg 79'2 la jQ 5]
w;r" 2016 jifr® ° rdcH wdh;k iy rdcH n,Yla;s yd ksjdi yd
c, iemhqu m%cd fiajd
ixia:d fj; lrk ,o jr®;k mejreï uq`M jr®;k 2] wdr®:ßl fiajd fmd,S f.ùï iudc fiAjd
2]
yd wfkl=;a
mejreïj,ska ms<sfj<ska ishhg 12'5 la iy ishhg 24]
26] 31]

8'3 la úh' uQ,h( uqo,a wud;HdxYh

218
 rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yd rdcH uQ,H lghq;=

6'4 ixLHd igyk .sfhah' mdi,a isiqka b,lal lr.;a jevigyka jk

ld¾hhka wkqj úhoï j¾.SlrKh mdi,a fm< fmd;a ,nd °u iy fmdaIK jevigyk
2016 2017 2016 jifr® ° l=gqïN wxYh fj; ,nd ≥ka wfkl=;a

YSr®Ih 2015 wkqu;
wkqu;
;djld,sl weia;fïka;= m%Odk iykdOdr jevigyka úh'
weia;fïka;=
remsh,a ñ,shk jir ;=< °" rdcH wdh;k fukau rdcH
mqkrdjr®;k úhoï 1,701,658 1,717,239 1,757,782 1,946,000 ixia:d fj; lrk ,o jr®;k mejreï by< .sfhah'
idudkH fmd≥ fiajd 414,275 434,415 408,176 464,881
rdcH wdh;k fj; lrk ,o jr®;k mejreï
isú,a m˙md,kh 105,661 113,983 104,519 154,085
wdrCIl lghq;= 233,733 237,040 224,315 231,081 remsh,a ì,shk 50'3 olajd ishhg 9'2 lska by<
fmd≥ kS;h s yd wdrCIdj 74,881 83,392 79,343 79,715 .sh w;r" wOHdmk wxYh fj; lrk ,o jr®;k
iudc fiajd 564,190 606,323 607,626 620,903
wOHdmkh 169,600 178,938 179,319 175,097
mejreï by< hEu thg fya;= úh' ;jo" rdcH
fi!LHh 140,560 155,202 155,402 152,860 ixia:d fj; lrk ,o jr®;k mejreï o remsh,a
iqnidOk 230,035 247,650 251,490 264,585
m%cdfiajd 23,995 24,532 21,415 28,361
ì,shk 33'2 olajd ishhg 18'9 lska by< .sh w;r"
wdr®:lß fiajd 173,430 133,621 129,435 131,054 Y%S ,xld ≥ï˙h fomdr®;fïka;=fjys iy ;eme,a
lDIslr®uh iy jd˙udr®. 91,267 70,047 63,787 73,989 fomdr®;fïka;=fjys fufyhqï w,dN wdjrKh
n,Yla;s iy c, iïmdok 5,479 1,343 1,334 2,940
m%jdyk iy ikakf s õokh 57,028 49,839 48,959 33,856
ls¯u i|yd ,nd ≥ka mejreï fï i|yd fya;= úh'
fjk;a 19,656 12,391 15,354 20,269
wfkl=;a 549,763 542,881 612,544 729,161
m%d.aOk úhou yd Y=oaO Kh °ï o'foa'ks'fhys
thska fmd,S f.ùï 509,674 520,452 610,895 680,087 m%;sY;hla f,i miq.sh jifr® mej;s ishhg 5'4
m%d.aOk úhou iy Kh °ï 602,767 869,880 594,013 708,300 isg ishhg 4'9 olajd wvq jQ w;r" jir ;=< °
idudkH fmd≥ fiajd 48,699 52,779 50,504 86,087 rdcH wdfhdack wvq ùu thg fya;= úh'
isú,a m˙md,kh 44,886 46,314 46,128 74,539
fmd≥ kS;h s yd wdrCIdj 3,813 6,465 4,376 11,548 m%d.aOk úhou yd Y=oaO Kh °ï kdñl jYfhka o
iudc fiajd 124,369 289,355 117,297 183,170 miq.sh jifr® jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk 588'7 yd
wOHdmkh 55,447 156,492 58,971 90,873
iei£fï ° jir ;=< ° remsh,a ì,shk 576'1 olajd
fi!LHh 37,230 78,950 30,747 46,843
ksjdi 7,811 9,939 7,152 9,263 ishhg 2'1 lska wvq úh' fï w;r" rcfha m%d.aOk
m%cdfiajd 23,882 43,975 20,426 36,191 úhoï iy Y=oaO Kh °ï we;=<;a rdcH wdfhdack
wdr®:l ß fiajd 429,030 525,578 424,021 437,428
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i 2015 jifr® mej;s
lDIslr®uh iy jd˙udr®. 54,447 128,993 68,990 79,121
n,Yla;s iy c, iïmdok 55,499 49,529 48,840 32,685 ishhg 5'5 isg 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 5'0 olajd wvq jQ
m%jdyk iy ikakf s õokh 239,279 207,413 200,478 165,827 w;r" kdñl jYfhka th 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ
fjk;a 79,805 139,643 105,713 159,795
wfkl=;a 668 2,167 2,191 1,615
remsh,a ì,shk 602'8 yd iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® °
uqΩ úhou iy Kh °ï 2,304,425 2,587,119 2,351,795 2,654,300 remsh,a ì,shk 594'0 olajd ishhg 1'5 lska wvq úh'
o'foa'ks'fhyss m%;sY;hla f,i ^w& wud;HdxY iy fomdr®;fïka;= úiska uQr®; j;alï
w;am;a lr .ekSu ^m%d.aOk j;alï w;am;a lr

6
idudkH fmd≥ fiajd 4.2 3.9 3.9 4.1
iudc fiajd 6.3 7.2 6.1 6.0 .ekSu iy ia:djr j;alï b†ls¯u yd ixjr®Okh&
wdr®:l
ß fiajd 5.5 5.3 4.7 4.2
i|yd is≥ l< úhoï" 2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a
wfkl=;a 5.0 4.4 5.2 5.4
thska fmd,S f.ùï 4.7 4.2 5.2 5.0 ì,shk 313'3 isg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 328'2
uqΩ úhou yd Kh °ï 21.0 20.7 19.9 19.7 olajd ishhg 4'8 lska by< .sfhah' m%d.aOk mejreï
^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk uQ,h( uqo,a wud;HdxYh ishhg 9'5 lska wvq jQ w;r" rdcH ixia:d fj;
fomdr®;=fïka;=j úiska 2017'03'15 †k
ksl=;a lrk ,o 2015 ixfYdaê; o'foa'ks' lrk ,o m%d.aOk mejreï ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq
weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
ùu thg fya;= úh' fï w;r" rcfha wdh;kj,g
Kh ,nd °fï jevigyk" 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ
is≥ jk úhou wvq ls¯ug yels úh' iuDoaê remsh,a ì,shk 14'6 iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® °
jevigyk i|yd jQ úhou miq.sh jifr® jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk 17'0 olajd ishhg 16'3 lska jeä úh'
remsh,a ì,shk 40'0 yd iei£fï ° remsh,a ì,shk 2016 jir ;=< ° wdr®:ßl iy iud„h fiajdjkays
40'7 olajd ishhg 1'9 lska iq`M jYfhka by< .sfhah' is≥ lrk ,o rdcH wdfhdack ms<sfj<ska remsh,a
thg wu;rj" wdndê; rKúrejka fjkqfjka jQ ì,shk 424'0 la iy remsh,a ì,shk 117'3 la úh' fuu
iqnidOk jevigyka i|yd w∞< úhoï 2015 wdfhdackj,ska úYd, m%udKhla uydudr®." md,ï"
jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 23'4 isg 2016 jifr® ° ≥ï˙h udr®." c, iïmdok" n,Yla;s iy jd˙udr®.
remsh,a ì,shk 26'7 olajd ishhg 13'9 lska by< jHdmD;sj, wdfhdackh lrk ,°' ;jo" wOHdmkh

219
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
i|yd jk rdcH wdfhdack" úfYaIfhkau §oaú;Shsl
mdi,a 1"000 la ixjr®Okh ls¯fï jevigyk¶ iy
§<Ûu mdi, fyd|u mdi,¶ jevigyk we;=Ω
wOHdmk há;, myiqlï ixjr®Okh ls¯u" oaú;Shsl
wOHdmkh by< kexùu iy kùlrKh ls¯u"
W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;aj, idudkH wOHdmk
lghq;= †hqKq ls¯u" iy úYajúoHd, há;, myiqlï
by< kexùu flfrys fhduq úh' ;jo" jir ;=< °
fi!LH wxYh i|yd jk rdcH wdfhdack m%Odk
jYfhka frday,a f.dvke.Su iy †hqKq ls¯u iy
mr®fhaIKd.dr WmlrK iemhSu flfrys flakaø.;
úh' ;jo" m%dfoaYSh úIu;djka wvq ls¯u i|yd rch
úiska m%dfoaYSh iy .%dóh há;, myiqlï ixjr®Ok
jHdmD;s lsysmhla wLKavj l%shd;aul lrk ,°'
m%Odk rdcH uQ,H fYaIhka
rdcH uQ,H wxYfha ie,lsh hq;= jr®Okhla
ms<sìUq lrñka" iuia; whjeh ysÛh o'foa'ks'fhys
m%;sY;hla f,i miq.sh jifr® ° jdr®;d l<
ishhg 7'6 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 5'4
olajd my; jegq◊' rcfha wd∞hu iy úhou hk
wxY foflysu is≥ jQ jr®Okh fuu ie,lsh hq;=
ldr®hidOkh i|yd ∞hl úh' rdcH wd∞hfuys
ie,lsh hq;= jeäùula fmkakqï l< w;r" iuia;
úhou 2015 jifr® meje;s uÜgug wdikak
m%udKhl mj;ajd .kakd ,°' fï fya;=fjka
jir ;=< ° iïm;a mr;rh wvq jQ w;r th rcfha
uQ,HlrK wjYH;dj wvq ùu i|yd fya;= úh' fuu
i;=gq∞hl jr®Okhka wfkl=;a rdcH uQ,H or®Yl
;=<ska o ms<sìUq úh' ta wkqj" rcfha ksr®-b;=reï
;;a;ajh ms<sìUq flfrk jr®;k .sKqfï ysÛh"
6
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i 2016 jifr® ° ishhg
0'6 olajd my< .sh w;r" th 2015 jifr® ° meje;s
ishhg 2'3 g idfmalaIj ie,lsh hq;= my< w.hla
úh' mqkrdjr®;k úhoïj, wdka;sl jeäùug
idfmalaIj wd∞hï /ials¯fï by< jr®Okh fuu
ldr®hidOkh <Ûd lr .ekSu i|yd fya;= ù we;'
óg iu.dój" iuia; whjeh ysÛfhka fmd,S
f.ùï bj;a ls¯u u.ska rcfha whjefhys wNsu;
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®.h ms<sìUq flfrk
m%d:ñl .sKqfï ysÛh o" o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla
f,i 2015 jifr® jdr®;d l< ishhg 2'9 isg fuu
jifr® ° ishhg 0'2 olajd my; jeà we;' fmd,S
fkdjk úhoïys is≥ jQ ishhg 3'3 l RK jr®Okh
iuÛ uqΩ wd∞hï iy m%∞kj, jdr®;d l< ishhg
15'9 l by< jr®Ok" m%d:ñl .sKqfï ysÛh ie,lsh
hq;= f,i my< hEu i|yd ∞hl úh'
220
whjeh ys`.h uQ,Hkh
2016 jir ;=< ° remsh,a ì,shk 640'3 la jQ
iuia; whjeh ysÛh m%Odk jYfhkau úfoaYSh
uQ,dY% u.ska mshjkq ,eîh' ta wkqj" iuia;
uQ,Hk wjYH;djfhka úfoaYSh uQ,Hkfha
∞hl;ajh miq.sh jifr® ° meje;s ishhg
28'5 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 61'2 l muK
m%udKhla jQQ w;r" b;s˙h foaYSh uQ,dY% udr®.fhka
uQ,Hkh lrk ,°' tys m%;sM,hla f,i" 2016 jir
;=< is≥ l< Y=oaO foaYSh uQ,Hkh miq.sh jifr® ° jQ
remsh,a ì,shk 592'7 g idfmalaIj remsh,a ì,shk
248'4 la jQ w;r" Y=oaO úfoaYSh uQ,Hkh 2015 jifr®
jdr®;d l< remsh,a ì,shk 236'8 g idfmalaIj fuu
jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 391'9 la úh'
Y=oaO foaYSh uQ,Hkfha ixhq;shg w∞<j i,ld
ne,Sfï °" 2016 jir ;=< ° rch nexl= wxYfhka
is≥ l< uQ,Hkh nexl= fkdjk wxYfhka is≥ l<
uQ,Hkhg jvd b;d by<h' flfia fj;;a" úfoaYSh
uQ,Hkh u; jeämqr /£u fya;=fjka foaYSh nexl=
iy nexl= fkdjk wxY foflkau is≥ l< uQ,Hkh
miq.sh jirg idfmalaIj 2016 jir ;=< ° ie,lsh
hq;= f,i wvq úh' rch" 2016 jifr® ° nexl= wxYfhka
is≥ l< uQ,Hkh" 2015 jifr® jdr®;d l< remsh,a
ì,shk 291'8 iy 2016 jifr® jdr®Isl weia;fïka;=j jQ
remsh,a ì,shk 182'0 g idfmalaIj remsh,a ì,shk
140'0 la olajd ishhg 52'0 lska wvq jQ w;r" th
iuia; Y=oaO foaYSh uQ,Hkfhka ishhg 56'3 la úh'
jd◊c nexl= wxYfhka is≥ l< uQ,Hkh 2015 jifr® °
meje;s remsh,a ì,shk 211'6 g idfmalaIj fuu
jifr® ° th remsh,a ì,shk 43'1 l Y=oaO Kh wdmiq
f.ùula úh' jd◊c nexl= NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy
6'5 rEm igyk
whjeh ysÕh uQ,Hkh
^o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i&
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
ishhg
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ;dj'
foaYSh nexl= foaYSh nexl= úfoaYSh Kh
fkdjk iy Kh .ekSï uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
wfkl=;a
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
 rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yd rdcH uQ,H lghq;=

6'5 ixLHd igyk Y=oaO wdmiq f.ùug idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® °

foaYSh Kh .ekSfï uQ,dY% remsh,a ì,shk 98'5 olajd jeä jQ w;r" NdKavd.dr
remsh,a ì,shk
ne∫ïlr udr®.fhka is≥ l< uQ,Hkh" miq.sh

YSr®Ih 2013 2014 2015
2016 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< remsh,a ì,shk 442'6 isg
;djld,sl
remsh,a ì,shk 349'8 olajd wvq úh' fï w;r"
Kh WmlrK wkqj 392.4 378.7 592.7 248.4
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr ^w& 252.1 369.1 442.6 349.8
Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr udr®.fhka is≥ l< Y=oaO
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ^wd& 53.5 26.1 -26.4 98.5 uQ,Hkh jir ;=< ° remsh,a ì,shk 120'5 l Y=oaO
remsh,a Kh -2.9 - -31.4 -
YS% ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr 140.3 21.0 223.0 -120.5
wdmiq f.ùula jQ w;r" th 2015 jifr® ° remsh,a
uy nexl= ;djld,sl ì,shk 223'0 Y=oaO uQ,Hkhla úh' flfia fj;;a"
w;a;l
s drï -2.1 34.7 7.2 -67.8
wfkl=;a -48.5 -72.2 -22.3 -11.5
2016 jifr® ° remsh,a Kh uQ,dY% udr®.fhka Kh
wdh;k wkqj 392.4 378.7 592.7 248.4 ,nd .ekSula ^uQ,Hkh ls¯ula& is≥ fkdl< w;r"
nexl= 297.0 126.9 291.8 140.0
2015 jifr® ° tu.ska is≥ l< uQ,Hkh remsh,a
nexl= fkdjk 95.4 251.8 300.9 108.5
ì,shk 31'4 l Y=oaO wdmiq f.ùula úh' iuia; Y=oaO
uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j uQ,Hkfhka Kh WmlrK fkdjk uQ,dY%hkaf.ka
^w& úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhska fj; ksl=;a lrk ,o NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr is≥ l< uQ,Hkh jir ;=< ° remsh,a ì,shk 79'4 l
iy 2012" 2014 iy 2015 jir j, ° rch i;= jd◊c jHdjidhhka
m%;sjHqy.; ls¯u i`oyd ,nd .kakd ,o wruqo,a we;=<;a fkdfõ' Y=oaO wdmiq f.ùula f,i jdr®;d úh' fï i|yd
^wd& úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhska fj; ksl=;a lrk ,o NdKavd.dr ì,am;a m%Odk jYfhka fya;= jQfha" uy nexl=j úiska rchg
jákdlï we;=<;a fkdfõ'
,nd fok ;djld,sl w;a;sldrïj, iy jd◊c
nexl= whsrdj, Y=oaO wdmiq f.ùï jdr®;d ùuhs'
Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr udr®.fhka is≥ l<
Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr iïnkaOj is≥ l<
uQ,Hkh ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq jQ w;r" NdKavd.dr
uQ,Hkh ie,lsh hq;= wdmiq f.ùu fya;=fjka úfoaY
ne∫ïlr yryd is≥ l< uQ,Hkh ie,lsh hq;= f,i jHjydr uqo,ska ,nd.;a foaYSh Kh" 2016 jifr® °
jeä úh' jd◊c nexl=j,ska is≥ l< uQ,Hkfha wvq ùu" ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq úh' wjqre≥ 1 isg 2 olajd
uy nexl=fjka is≥ l< uQ,Hkfha ie,lsh l,a ms¯fï ld, mrdihla iys; Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok
hq;= jeä ùu u.ska fndfyda ≥rg fndfyda ≥rg ne∫ïlrj,ska ,nd.;a o< Kh m%udKh remsh,a
wdjrKh fl˙◊' ta wkqj" uy nexl=fjka is≥ l< ì,shk 197'0 la ^t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"365'9& jQ
uQ,Hkh miq.sh jifr® ° jQ remsh,a ì,shk 80'3 g w;r" tajdfha wdmiq f.ùï remsh,a ì,shk 317'5 la
idfmalaIj remsh,a ì,shk 183'1 la olajd jeä ^t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"186'2& úh' fuys m%;sM,hla
úh' uy nexl=fjka rchg ,nd fok ;djld,sl f,i" Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr udr®.fhka is≥
w;a;sldrï u.ska is≥ l< uQ,Hkfha Y=oaO wdmiq l< uQ,Hkh 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 120'5 l
f.ùula jdr®;d l< o" uy nexl=fjka is≥ l< Y=oaO wdmiq f.ùula f,i jdr®;d úh' fï w;r"

6
uQ,Hkfha jeä ùu m%Odk jYfhka NdKavd.dr
ì,am;a yryd is≥ úh' fï w;r" nexl= fkdjk 6'6 rEm igyk
wxYfhka is≥ l< uQ,Hkh" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< nexl= Kh uQ,dY%
remsh,a ì,shk 300'9 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° 500

remsh,a ì,shk 108'5 la jQ w;r" th iuia; Y=oaO

400
foaYSh uQ,Hkfhka ishhg 43'7 l wvq m%;sY;hla
300
.kq ,eîh'
remsh,a ì,shk

200
rch fj<|fmd< Kh WmlrK iy Kh
100
WmlrK fkdjk uQ,dY% hk fojr®.fhkau is≥
l< Y=oaO uQ,Hkh 2016 jir ;=< ° ie,lsh hq;= 0

f,i wvq úh' fj<|fmd< Kh WmlrK udr®. -100

fhka is≥ l< rcfha Y=oaO uQ,Hkh" 2015 jifr® °
-200
jdr®;d l< remsh,a ì,shk 607'7 isg 2016 jifr® ° 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ;dj'

remsh,a ì,shk 327'8 olajd ishhg 46'1 lska wvq úh' uy nexl=j jd◊c nexl=
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a udr®.fhka is≥ l< uQ,Hkh" uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< remsh,a ì,shk 26'4 l

221
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

jd◊c nexl=j, wlafjr< nexl= tallj,g remsh,a
ì,shk 7'3 l Y=oaO Kh wdmiq f.ùula jir ;=< °
is≥úh' iuia;hla jYfhka .;a l," 2016 jir
;=< ° úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska ,nd.;a foaYSh Kh
m%udKh" 2015 jifr® ° ,nd.;a remsh,a ì,shk 223'0
Kh m%udKhg idfmalaIj" remsh,a ì,shk 127'8 l
Kh wdmiq f.ùula f,i jdr®;d úh' fï w;r"
remsh,aj,ska kdukh lrk ,o Y=oaO foaYSh uQ,Hkh
2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< remsh,a ì,shk 369'7 g
idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 376'2 la
úh'
2016 jifr® ° úfoaYSh uQ,dY%j,ska is≥ lrkq
,enQ Y=oaO uQ,Hkh jeä jQ w;r" jir ;=< °
oyfjks cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlrh ksl=;a
ls¯u" úfoaY úksuh ld,Sk uQ,H myiqlu hgf;a
taldnoaO Kh ,nd .ekSu iy jHdmD;s Kh lsysmhla
,nd .ekSu fï i|yd úYd, jYfhka fya;= úh'
ta wkqj" 2016 jir ;=< ° Y=oaO úfoaY uQ,Hkh 2015
jifr® meje;s remsh,a ì,shk 236'8 isg remsh,a
ì,shk 391'9 olajd ishhg 65'5 lska ie,lsh hq;=
f,i jeä úh' fuys m%;sM,hla f,i" Y=oaO úfoaY
uQ,Hkh iuia; uQ,Hkfha m%;sY;hla f,i 2015
jifr® meje;s ishhg 28'5 isg 2016 jifr® ° ishhg
61'2 olajd ie,lsh hq;= f,i jeä úh' cd;Hka;r
iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr u.ska is≥ l< Y=oaO uQ,Hkh"
miq.sh jifr® jdr®;d l< remsh,a ì,shk 232'8 g
^t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 2'15 l Kh .ekSï iy
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 500 l Kh wdmiq f.ùï w;r
fjki& idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk
217'9 la ^t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"500& úh' 2016
jir ;=< °" úfoaY úksuh ld,Sk uQ,H myiqlï
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlrj, is≥ l< úfoaYSh
wdfhdackj,g w∞<j 2016 jir ;=< ° remsh,a
ì,shk 44'3 l Y=oaO wdmiq f.ùula jdr®;d jQ w;r"
NdKavd.dr ì,am;aj, jifr® ° is≥ l< úfoaYSh
Y=oaO wdfhdack remsh,a ì,shk 7'2 la úh'
6'4 rdcH Kh iy Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï
rdcH Kh
rdcH Kh o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i 2015
jir wjidkfha ° jdr®;d jQ ishhg 77'6 isg 2016
jir wjidkfha ° ishhg 79'3 olajd jeä úh' iuia;
whjeh ys`.h o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ie,lsh
hq;= f,i wvq jqj o" Y=oaO Kh .ekSï jeä ùu iy
kdñl o'foa'ks'fhys wvq jr®Ok fõ.h" 2016 jir
;=< ° o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i rdcH Kh by<
hEu i|yd m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' o'foa'ks'fhys
m%;sY;hla f,i foaYSh Kh m%udKh 2015 jir
w. jk úg jdr®;d jQ ishhg 45'3 isg 2016 jir
w. ° ishhg 45'1 olajd iqΩ jYfhka wvq jQ w;r"
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i úfoaYSh Kh m%udKh
2015 jir w. ° meje;s ishhg 32'4 isg 2016 jir
w. ° ishhg 34'2 olajd jeä úh' kdñl jYfhka
.;a l," iuia; fkdmsh jQ rdcH Kh m%udKh"
2015 jifr® ° jQ ishhg 15'0 l by< jr®Okhg
iy miq.sh wjqre≥ my ;=< jdr®;d jQ ishhg 13'1 l
idudkH jr®Okhg idfmalaIj" 2016 jifr® °
remsh,a ì,shk 9"387'3 olajd ishhg 10'4 lska jeä
úh' úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;fhys úp,;d fya;=fjka
6'7 rEm igyk

6
uOHu rcfha fkdmsh jQ Kh
Kh hgf;a remsh,a ì,shk 101'8 la ^t'c' fvd,r® 10,000
ñ,shk 700& o jHdmD;s Kh ^jevigyka Kh& f,i
9,000
83

remsh,a ì,shk 42'3 la ^t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 286'8& o 8,000 4,045.8

81 o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i

/ialr .kakd ,°' flfia fj;;a" oaúmdr®Yaùh 7,000

3,544.0
79
remsh,a ì,shk

iy nyqmdr®Yaùh uQ,dY%j,ska ,nd.;a jHdmD;s 6,000 3,113.1

77

Khj,ska is≥ l< Y=oaO uQ,Hkh miq.sh jifr® ° 5,000

2,767.3
2,960.4 75

meje;s remsh,a ì,shk 131'3 g idfmalaIj 2016 4,000 73

jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 67'0 la olajd ie,lsh hq;= 3,000

4,959.2 5,341.5
71

4,277.8
f,i wvq úh' jHdmD;s Khj,ska ,nd .kakd ,o 2,000
3,232.8
3,832.8 69

1,000 67
o< Kh m%udKh remsh,a ì,shk 212'3 la jQ w;r"
0 65
tu Khj,g w∞<j is≥ l< wdmiq f.ùï m%udKh 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ;dj'

remsh,a ì,shk 145'3 la úh' jákdlïj, o< mokñka úfoaYSh foaYSh Kh$o'foa'ks' wkqmd;h
i,ld ne¨ l," Ök wmkhk-wdkhk nexl=j ^jï wlaIh& ^jï wlaIh& ^ol=Kq wlaIh&

^tlaisï nexl=j&" cd;Hka;r ixjr®Ok ix.uh" uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh

cd;sl m%;ms ;a;s iy wdr®:l
ß
cmdk rch iy wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=j 2016 jir lghq;= wud;HdxYh
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
;=< ° úfoaY Kh ,nd .ekSfï m%Odk uQ,dY% úh'

222
 rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yd rdcH uQ,H lghq;=

6'6 ixLHd igyk 6'8 rEm igyk

uOHu rcfha fkdmsh jQ Kh fkdmsh jQ foaYh
S rdcH Kh ixhq;h
s - 2016
^jir wjidkhg&
remsh,a ñ,shk
NdKavd.dr
2016 ne֕lr
YSr®Ih 2013 2014 2015 69]
;djld,sl
NdKavd.dr
uqΩ rdcH Kh 6,793,249 7,390,899 8,503,227 9,387,303 ì,am;a
foaYh
S Kh ^w& 3,832,825 4,277,783 4,959,196 5,341,507 14]
m˙K; ld,h wkqj remsh,a
Kh
fláld,Sk 909,156 941,162 913,291 968,396
1]
ue† yd †.=ld,Sk 2,923,670 3,336,620 4,045,905 4,373,111
wdh;k wkqj uy nexl=
w;a;sldrï
nexl= 1,433,773 1,669,882 1,924,036 2,114,901
2]
nexl= fkdjk 2,399,053 2,607,901 3,035,160 3,226,606
úfoaYhS Kh 2,960,424 3,113,116 3,544,031 4,045,796
Kh jr®.h wkqj YS% ,xld ixjr®Ok
ne∫ïlr
iyk∞hS Kh 1,492,842 1,490,978 1,729,895 1,897,680 wfkl=;a
11]
iyk∞hS fkdjk Kh 460,475 457,668 507,047 538,859 3]
jdKsc Kh ^wd& 1,007,107 1,164,470 1,307,089 1,609,257 uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
cd;sl m%;ms ;a;s iy wdr®:l
ß
jHjydr uqo,a wkqj lghq;= wud;HdxYh
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
ú'.e'ys' 711,935 679,835 734,552 755,614
t'c' fvd,r® 1,009,937 1,292,052 1,733,790 2,207,431
cmdk fhka 485,325 429,638 470,109 496,852 m%udKh" 2015 jir w. jk úg mej;s ishhg
hQfrda 181,084 183,561
185,606 162,743 18'4 isg 2016 jir w. ° ishhg 18'1 olajd wvq jQ
fjk;a 567,621 548,848 424,495 402,338
igyk( w;r" NdKavd.dr ì,am;a udr®.fhka ,nd .;a
úksuh wkqmd;fha úp,kh -25,498 -90,230 228,731 161,697 Kh jeä jqj o uy nexl=fjka ,nd.;a ;djld,sl
uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh w;a;sldrïys is≥ jQ wvq ùu fuu.ska ms<sìUq úh'
cd;sl m%;sm;a;s iy wdr®:ßl
lghq;= wud;HxYh
fkdmsh jQ ;djld,sl w;a;sldrï m%udKh" 2015
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j jir wjidkfha mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 151'1 isg
^w& 2012 ckjd˙ udifha ° rcfha wdh;k úiska Y%S ,xld L◊c 2016 jir wjidkfha ° remsh,a ì,shk 83'3 olajd
f;,a kS;s.; ixia:djg ys`.j meje;s Kh mshùu i|yd
ksl=;a lrk ,o remsh,a ñ,shk 78"447la jákd NdKavd.dr wvq jQ w;r" jifr® fojk Nd.h ;=< ° uy nexl=j
ne∫ïlr iy 2013 udr®;= udifha† Y%S ,xld .=jka fiajhg úiska is≥ l< NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ñ,° .ekSu jeäùu
m%d.aOkh iemhSu i`oyd ksl=;a lrk ,o remsh,a ñ,shk
13"125 la jákd NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr we;=<;a fkdfõ' ksid foaYSh wdfhdaclhka i;= NdKavd.dr ì,am;a
^wd& remsh,a jákdlñka hq;= NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy NdKavd.dr m%udKh 2015 jir w. ° mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 658'2
ne`≥ïlrj, is≥ l< úfoaY wdfhdackj, fkdmsh jQ m%udKh
we;=<;a fkdfõ' isg remsh,a ì,shk 779'6 olajd jeä úh' tfy;a
ue† yd †.= ld,Sk Kh iuia; foaYSh Khj,g

jifr® iuia; Kh m%udKh remsh,a ì,shk 186'6 lska
jeä úh' 2016 jir ;=< ° rdcH iq/l=ïm;a
ie,lsh hq;= wjñ,la iys;j ksl=;a ls¯u fya;=fjka
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr
ksl=;+ka yd m˙K;ùïj, uqyqK;a w.h yd fmd;a
w.h w;r Y=oaO fjki ksrEmKh jk jÜgï
idOlh o iuia; Kh m%udKh remsh,a ì,shk 88'6
lska jeä ùug ∞hl úh'
m%Odk jYfhkau" 2016 jifr® ° foaYSh uQ,dY%
u.ska Kh .ekSï wvq ùu fya;=fjka uqΩ Kh
m%udKfhys m%;sY;hla f,i foaYSh Kh m%udKh 2015
jir w. jk úg meje;s ishhg 58'3 isg 2016 jir
w. ° ishhg 56'9 olajd wvq úh' ta wkqj" fkdmsh jQ
foaYSh Kh m%udKh 2015 jifr® mej;s ishhg 15'9 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk
5"341'5 olajd ishhg 7'7 lska muKla jeä úh'
iuia; foaYSh Kh m%udKfhka fláld,Sk Kh
6
olajk wkqmd;h" 2015 jir w. ° jdr®;d lrkq ,enQ
ishhg 81'6 isg 2016 jir w. ° ishhg 81'9 olajd
iqΩ jYfhka jeä úh' foaYSh Kh ldKavh ;=<
mj;akd fkdmsh jQ NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr m%udKh
2015 jir w. ° mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 3"305'2 isg
2016 jir w. ° remsh,a ì,shk 3"714'8 olajd ishhg
12'4 lska jeä jQ w;r" th iuia; foaYSh Kh
m%udKfhka ishhg 69'5 la úh' tfukau" wfkl=;a
ue† yd †.=ld,Sk Kh WmlrKj,g idfmalaIj
uQ,Hk WmlrKhla f,i NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr u;
meje;s by< /¢hdj fuu.ska ms<sìUq lrkq ,eîh'
wfkl=;a ue† yd †.=ld,Sk Kh WmlrKj,g wh;a
jk remsh,a Kh m%udKh 2016 jir w. ° remsh,a
ì,shk 24'1 l uÜgfï fkdfjkiaj mej;=Kq w;r"
Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr u.ska ,nd f.k ;snQ
Kh m%udKh remsh,a ì,shk 572'2 olajd ishhg
14'4 lska wvq úh'

223
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

nexl= u.ska Kh .ekSu u; ±la jQ by< 6'9 rEm igyk

/¢hdj ms<sìUq lrñka nexl= wxYfhka is≥ l< fkdmsh jQ úfoaYSh rdcH Kh ixhq;sh - 2016
Khj, fldgi jeä jQ w;r" nexl= fkdjk wxYfha
Kh m%udKh iqΩ jYfhka wvq úh' ta wkqj" 2016 cd;Hka;r
jir w. jk úg nexl= wxYfhaa Kh m%udKh iy iaffj¯;aj
ne∫ïlr
nexl= fkdjk wxYfha Kh m%udKh" iuia; foaYSh oaú
mdr®Yaùh
30]
Kfhys m%;sY;hla f,i ms<sfj<ska ishhg 39'6 la 26]
oaúmdr®Yaùh
iy ishhg 60'4 la jQ w;r" 2015 jir wjidkfha ° 8]
tu m%udKhka ms<sfj<ska ishhg 38'8 la iy ishhg
61'2 la úh' kdñl jYfhka .;a l," foaYSh nexl= nyq
wxYfha fkdmsh jQ Kh m%udKh 2016 jir w. ° mdr®Yaùh NdKavd.dr
21] ì,am;a yd
remsh,a ì,shk 2"114'9 olajd ishhg 9'9 lska jeä ne∫ïlrj,
úh' fï i|yd fya;= jQfha" uy nexl=j iy jd◊c wfkajdislhkaf.a
wdfhdack
nexl= i;= fkdmsh jQ Kh m%udKh ms<sfj<ska 6]
remsh,a ì,shk 415'0 olajd ishhg 62'1 lska iy iyk∞hS iyk∞hS nyqmdr®Yaùh
47] fkdjk 6]
remsh,a ì,shk 1"700'0 olajd ishhg 1'9 lska 53]
fjk;a 3]
by< hEuhs' uy nexl=j i;= NdKavd.dr ì,am;a
uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
m%udKh fo.=Khlg;a jvd jeä jQ w;r" fkdmsh jQ cd;sl m%;ms ;a;s iy wdr®:l
ß
;djld,sl w;a;sldrï m%udKh ie,lsh hq;= f,i

lghq;= wud;HdxYh
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
wvq úh' fï w;r" jd◊c nexl= i;= NdKavd.dr
ne∫ïlr m%udKh remsh,a ì,shk 731'9 olajd ishhg m%Odk idOl úh' 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg °
41'4 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i jeä jQ w;r" wfkl=;a iyk∞hS Kh m%udKfhys kdñl w.h remsh,a
Kh WmlrK u; jQ fkdmsh jQ Kh m%udKh o wvq ì,shk 1"897'7 olajd ishhg 9'7 lska jr®Okh
úh' jqj o th idfmalaIj wvq jr®Okhls' iyk∞hS
úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska jákdlu ;lafiare l< Kh m%udKh iuia; úfoaYSh Kh m%udKfha
foaYSh Kh m%udKh" 2015 jir wjidkfha meje;s m%;sY;hla f,i" 2015 jir w. ° mej;s ishhg
remsh,a ì,shk 690'1 ^t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 4"790'1& 48'8 g idfmalaIj fuu jifr® ° ishhg 46'9 la úh'
isg 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg remsh,a ì,shk tfy;a" iyk∞hS fkdjk Kh kdñl jYfhka .;a
602'2 ^t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 4"019'8& olajd wvq úh' l, remsh,a ì,shk 2"148'1 olajd ishhg 18'4 l
Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr udr®.fhka ,nd .;a by< wkqmd;slhlska jeä úh' fuys m%;sM,hla
Y=oaO Kh m%udKfhys wvq ùu 2016 jifr® ° úfoaY jYfhka" iuia; úfoaYSh Kh m%udKfha m%;sY;hla
jHjydr uqo,ska jákdlu ;lafiare lrk ,o foaYSh f,i iyk∞hS fkdjk Kh 2015 jir wjidkfha °

6
Kh m%udKh wvq ùug m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh'
jir ;=< ° Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr udr®.fhka
,nd .;a Y=oaO Kh m%udKh remsh,a ì,shk 572'2
olajd ishhg 14'4 lska wvq jQ w;r" wlafjr< nexl=
tallj,ska ,nd.;a Kh m%udKh remsh,a ì,shk
30'0 olajd ishhg 38'6 lska jeä úh' fï w;r"
remsh,aj,ska jákdlu ;lafiare lrk ,o foaYSh
Kh m%udKh 2015 jir wjidkfha ° mej;s remsh,a
ì,shk 4"269'1 isg 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg
remsh,a ì,shk 4"739'3 olajd jeä úh'
iuia; fkdmsh jQ úfoaYSh Kh m%udKh" 2016
jir wjidkfha ° remsh,a ì,shk 4"045'8 olajd
ishhg 14'2 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i jeä úh' whjeh
ysÛh uQ,Hkh ls¯u i|yd úfoaYSh uQ,hkaf.ka
is≥ l< Kh .ekSï jeä ùu iy jir ;=< °
Y%S ,xld remsh, m%Odk úfoaY jHjydr uqo,aj,g
idfmalaIj wjm%udKh ùu fuu jeä ùug fya;= jQ
mej;s ishhg 51'2 isg 2016 jir wjidkh jk
úg ishhg 53'1 olajd jeä úh' m%Odk jYfhka
cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr udr®.fhka Kh
,nd .ekSu we;=`Mj jd◊c Kh ,nd .ekSu by<
hEu 2016 jifr® ° iyk∞hS fkdjk Kh jeä ùug
fya;= úh'
m%Odk úfoaY jHjydr uqo,aj,g idfmalaIj
Y%S ,xld remshf,a w.h wjm%udKh ùu fya;=fjka
2016 jir wjidkh jk úg iuia; Kh m%udKh
remsh,a ì,shk 186'6 lska jeä úh' jir ;=< °"
t'c' fvd,r®" cmka fhka" bka°h remsh,a" hQfrda
iy ú'.e'ys'j,g idfmalaIj Y%S ,xld remsh,
ms<sfj<ska ishhg 3'8 lska" ishhg 7'0 lska" ishhg
1'7 lska" ishhg 0'3 lska iy ishhg 0'9 lska
wjm%udKh jQ w;r" th iagr®,ska mjqug idfmalaIj
ishhg 16'0 lska w;sm%udKh úh' 2016 jir
w. ° iuia; fkdmsh jQ úfoaYSh Kh m%udKh t'c'

224
 rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yd rdcH uQ,H lghq;=

6'10 rEm igyk 6'7 ixLHd igyk

jHjydr uqo,a j¾.h wkqj iuia; rdcH Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï
fkdmsh jQ Kh ixhq;sh - 2016 remsh,a ñ,shk

fjk;a hQfrda
YSr®Ih 2013 2014 2015 2016
;djld,sl
8] 2]

cmka fhka Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï 1,162,900 1,076,257 1,317,791 1,352,443
5] foaYh
S 850,748 777,488 918,112 1,056,624
ú'.e'ys' úfoaYh S 312,152 298,769 399,679 295,820
8] Kh wdmiq f.ùï 700,035 632,662 808,117 741,549
foaYh S 496,042 449,554 523,824 572,442
úfoaYh S 203,993 183,109 284,293 169,107
fmd,S f.ùï 462,865 443,595 509,674 610,895
foaYh S 354,706 327,934 394,289 484,182
t'c' fvd,r®
fláld,Sk 69,712 78,811 57,728 78,787
24]
ue† yd †.=ld,Sk 284,994 249,123 336,561 405,394
úfoaYh S 108,159 115,660 115,386 126,713

uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh

Y%S ,xld remsh,a
cd;sl m%;sm;a;s iy wdr®:ßl
53]
uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh lghq;= wud;HxYh
cd;sl m%;ms ;a;s iy wdr®:l
ß Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
lghq;= wud;HdxYh
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j

lrñka 2016 jifr® ° fmd,S f.ùï" 2015 jifr®

fvd,r® ^ishhg 54'6&" ú'.e'ys' ^ishhg 18'7&" cmka
fhka ^ishhg 12'3& hQfrda ^ishhg 4'5& iy wfkl=;a
jHjydr uqo,aj,ska ^ishhg 9'9& iukaú; úh'
Y%S ,xld remsh, m%Odk úfoaY jHjydr uqo,aj,g
idfmalaIj wjm%udKh ùu fya;=fjka fkdmsh jQ
úfoaYSh Kh m%udKh remsh,a ì,shk 161'7 lska
jeä jQ w;r" t'c' fvd,rhg idfmalaIj Y%S ,xld
remsh, wjm%udKh ùu ksid úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska
jákdlu ;lafiare l< foaYSh Kh m%udKh
^Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr yd wlafjr< nexl=
tallj,ska ,nd .;a Kh& remsh,a ì,shk 24'9 lska
jeä úh'
Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï
mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 509'7 isg remsh,a ì,shk
610'9 olajd ishhg 19'9 lska ^remsh,a ì,shk 101'2&
jeä úh' foaYSh uQ,dY% i|yd jk Kh fiajdlrK
f.ùï 2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 918'1 g
idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 1"056'6
olajd ishhg 15'1 lska ^remsh,a ì,shk 138'5& jeä
úh' fuu jeä ùu" Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlrj,g
w∞<j wdmiq f.ùï by< hEu fya;=fjka Kh
wdmiq f.ùï remsh,a ì,shk 572'4 olajd remsh,a
ì,shk 48'6 lska jeä ùu iy NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr
i|yd fmd,S f.ùï jeä ùu fya;=fjka jir ;=<
fmd,S f.ùï remsh,a ì,shk 484'2 olajd remsh,a
ì,shk 89'9 lska jeä ùu hkd†fhys taldnoaO

6
6'11 rEm igyk
2016 jifr® ° is≥ l< iuia; Kh fiajdlrK
rdcH Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï
f.ùïj, kdñl w.h 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ^o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i&
remsh,a ì,shk 1"317'8 isg remsh,a ì,shk 1"352'4
olajd ishhg 2'6 lska jeä jQ w;r" úfYaIfhkau 16

úfoaYSh Kh wdmiq f.ùï ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq

14

ùu fuu.ska ms<sìUq úh' 2015 ckjd˙ ui t'c' 12

fvd,r® ñ,shk 500 l cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj 10 4.8 4.7
ne∫ïlrhla m˙K; ùug idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° 4.7 5.2
ishhg

4.3
8
lsis≥ cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr m˙K; ùula
6
is≥ fkdùu fuu jifr® ° Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï
4
wvq ùug m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' iuia; Kh 7.0 7.3
6.1
7.4
6.3

wdmiq f.ùï" 2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 2

808'1 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 0

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ;dj'
741'5 olajd ishhg 8'2 lska ^remsh,a ì,shk
wd∞hï fmd,S f.ùï Kh jd˙l f.ùï
66'6 lska& wvq jQ w;r" tu m%udKh iuia; Kh uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
fiajdlrK f.ùïj,ska ishhg 54'8 la úh' m%Odk

cd;sl m%;ms ;a;s iy wdr®:l
lghq;= wud;HdxYh
ß

jYfhkau fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< hEu ms<sìUq Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j

225
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

m%;sM,hla f,i is≥ úh' flfia fj;;a" úfoaYSh
uQ,dY% i|yd is≥ l< Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï" 2016
jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 295'8 olajd ishhg 26'0 lska
^remsh,a ì,shk 103'9& ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq jQ
w;r" úfoaYSh Khj,g w∞< Kh wdmiq f.ùï o
remsh,a ì,shk 169'1 olajd remsh,a ì,shk 115'2
lska wvq úh' úfoaYSh Kh i|yd is≥ lrkq ,enQ
fmd,S f.ùï o fuu jir ;=< ° remsh,a ì,shk
126'7 olajd ishhg 9'8 lska jeä jQ w;r" m%Odk
jYfhka iyk∞hS fkdjk úfoaYSh Kh f;d.h
jeä ùu óg fya;= úh'
2016 jir ;=< ° fndfyduhla Kh fiajdlrK
or®Ylhkays jr®Okhka fmkakqï lrkq ,eîh' 2016
jifr® ° o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i iuia; Kh
fiajdlrK f.ùï" fmr jifr® mej;s ishhg 12'0
isg ishhg 11'4 olajd wvq úh' foaYSh Kh wdmiq
f.ùï 2016 jifr® ° o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i
ishhg 4'8 la f,i fkdfjkiaj mej;s w;r" úfoaYSh
Kh wdmiq f.ùï o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i
2015 jifr® ° mej;s ishhg 2'6 isg 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 1'4 olajd wvq úh' iuia; fmd,S f.ùï
6'8 ixLHd igyk
uOHu rcfha Kh o¾Yl
2014
or®Ylh 2013
^w&
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i 2015 jifr® ° mej;s
ishhg 4'7 isg 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 5'2 olajd jeä
úh' 2016 jifr® ° foaYSh Kh u; is≥ l< fmd,S
f.ùï o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i 2015 jifr® °
mej;s ishhg 3'6 isg ishhg 4'1 olajd jeä jQ w;r"
úfoaYSh fmd,S f.ùï o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i
miq.sh jirg idfmalaIj ishhg 1'1 l uÜgfï
fkdfjkiaj mej;=◊' ;jo" 2016 jifr® ° rcfha
wd∞hu jeä ùu ms<sìUq lrñka rcfha uqΩ wd∞hfï
m%;sY;hla f,i Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï 2015
jifr® mej;s ishhg 90'6 isg 2016 jifr® ° ishhg
80'2 olajd ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq úh'
m%Odk uQ,H fkdjk rdcH wdh;kj, fkdmsh jQ
Kh
foaYSh nexl= wxYh i;= fkdmsh jQ Kh yd
jHdmD;s iïnkaO úfoaYSh Kh we;=<;a m%Odk uQ,H
fkdjk rdcH wdh;kj, iuia; fkdmsh jQ Kh
m%udKh" w∞< wdh;kj, uQ,H l<ukdlrKfha
jr®Okh;a iuÛ 2016 jifr® ° wvq úh' ta wkqj"
6'9 ixLHd igyk
uq,H fkdjk m%Odk rdcH wdh;kj, fkdmsh jQ Kh
^jir wjidkhg&
wdh;kh 2014 2015 2016 ^w&
2015 2016
^w& ;djld,sl remsh,a ñ,shk

uOHu rcfha Kh$o'foa'ks' 70.8 71.3 77.6 79.3 foaYSh Kh ^wd& 446,047 522,966 495,114
foaYhS Kh$o'foa'ks' 40.0 41.3 45.3 45.1 ,xld ú≥,sn, uKav,h 47,384 35,812 30,875
úfoaYh S Kh$o'foa'ks' 30.9 30.0 32.4 34.2 ,xld fmdfydr ixia:dj 30,593 23,833 27,861
uqΩ úfoaYh S Kh$wmkhk ^wd& 151.9 142.5 154.4 159.3 ,xld Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj 245,618 264,471 192,601
uqΩ Kh fiajdlrK fld<U jd◊c fmdfydr iud.u 13,342 10,208 13,655
f.ùï$o'foa'ks 12.1 10.4 12.0 11.4 cd;sl ksjdi ixjr®Ok wêld˙h 4,777 4,739 4,134
uqΩ Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï$
ù wf,ú uKav,h 5,574 13,772 13,926
rcfha wd∞hu ^we& 102.2 90.0 90.6 80.2

6
thska foaYh
S Kh fiajdlrK udr®. ixjr®Ok wêld˙h 58,325 74,912 81,792
f.ùï$rcfha wd∞hu ^we& 74.8 65.1 63.1 62.7 Y%S,xlka .=jka fiajh 9,055 33,040 49,696
uqΩ Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï$rcfha Y%S ,xld jrdh wêld˙h 11,801 14,642 12,356
úhou ^wE& 49.1 44.3 42.5 44.0
wfkl=;a wdh;k 19,578 47,537 68,217
thska foaYhS Kh fiajdlrK
f.ùï$rcfha úhou ^wE& 35.9 32.0 29.6 34.4 úfoaYSh Kh ^we& 308,673 338,064 332,305
úfoaYhS Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï$ .=jka f;dgqm< yd .=jka fiajd ^,xld&
wmkhk ^wd& 16.0 13.7 17.4 11.6 iud.u 25,909 26,284 23,791
uqΩ Kh fmd,S f.ùï$o'foa'ks' 4.8 4.2 4.7 5.2 ,xld ú≥,sn, uKav,h 160,195 173,874 166,613
foaYh
S Kh fmd,S f.ùï$o'foa'ks' 3.7 3.2 3.6 4.1 Y%S ,xld jrdh wêld˙h 122,568 137,906 141,901
foaYhS Kh fmd,S f.ùï$ rcfha uQ,H fkdjk rdcH wdh;kj,
mqkrdjr®;k úhoï 29.4 24.8 23.2 27.5 uqΩ Kh 754,720 861,030 827,419
úfoaYh S Kh fmd,S f.ùï$wmkhk ^wd& 5.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ^wE&
uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh foaYSh Kh 4.3 4.8 4.2
cd;sl m%;sm;a;s iy wdr®:ßl lghq;=
úfoaYSh Kh 3.0 3.1 2.8
wud;HxYh
ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j uqΩ Kh 7.3 7.9 7.0
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;=fïka;=j úiska ^wd& jd◊c nexl= j,g fkdmsh jQ Kh YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
2017'03'15 †k ksl=;a lrk ,o 2014 iy 2015 ixfYdaê; ^we& úfoaY jHdmD;s iïnkaO fkdmsh jQ Kh we;=<;a fõ'
o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ' ^wE& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;=fïka;=j úiska
^wd& NdKav yd fiajd wmkhk 2017'03'15 †k ksl=;a lrk ,o 2014 iy 2015
^we& rcfha wd∞hu wdr®:ßl jr®.SlrKhg wkqj ixfYdaê; o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
^wE& Kh wdmiq f.ùï we;=<;aj rcfha úhou

226

uQ,H fkdjk rdcH wdh;kj, iuia; fkdmsh jQ
Kh m%udKh 2015 jir wjidkfha ° meje;s remsh,a
ì,shk 861'1 isg 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg
remsh,a ì,shk 827'4 olajd ishhg 3'9 lska wvq úh'
uQ,H fkdjk rdcH wdh;k úiska foaYSh jd◊c
nexl=j,g mshùug we;s Kh m%udKh remsh,a ì,shk
495'1 olajd ishhg 5'3 lska wvq jQ w;r" th m%Odk
uQ,H fkdjk rdcH wdh;kj, fkdmsh jQ Kh
m%udKfhka ishhg 59'8 la úh' jHdmD;s iïnkaO
úfoaY Kh m%udKh o remsh,a ì,shk 332'3 olajd
ishhg 1'7 lska wvq úh' flfia jqj o" m%Odk uQ,H
fkdjk rdcH wdh;kj, fkdmsh jQ Kh m%udKfha
we;=<;a jHdmD;s iïnkaO úfoaY Kh m%udKh" 2015
jir w. ° mej;s ishhg 39'3 isg 2016 jir w.
jk úg ishhg 40'2 olajd iqΩ jYfhka jeä úh'
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i m%Odk uQ,H fkdjk
rdcH wdh;kj, fkdmsh jQ Kh m%udKh fmr
jifr® mej;s ishhg 7'7 g idfmalaIj 2016 jir
wjidkfha ° ishhg 7'0 la úh'
6'5 Wm rdcH wdh;kj, whjeh lghq;=
Wm rdcH wdh;kj, m%;sm;a;s ÈYdj yd l%shdud¾.
fmr jirj, ° fukau" 2016 jir ;=< ° o
m<d;a iNd iy m<d;a md,k wud;HdxYh úiska Wm
rdcH wdh;k uÜgfï md,k lghq;= yd ixjr®Okh
iïnkaOfhka iqúfYAIS ldr®hNdrhla is≥ lrk ,°'
Y%S ,xldfõ Wm rdcH wdh;k moaO;sh m<d;a iNd 9
lska iy m<d;a md,k wdh;k 335 lska iukaú; fõ'
2016 jir wjidkh jk úg m<d;a md,k moaO;sh
uy k.r iNd 23 lska o" k.r iNd 41 lska iy
m%dfoaYSh iNd 271 lska o iukaú; úh' m<d;a iNd
iy m<d;a md,k wud;HdxYh úiska Wm rdcH
wdh;k iu`. iómj lghq;= lrñka m<d;a uÜgfï
ixjr®Ok wjYH;d wëlaIKhg;a" ldr®hlaIu f,i
tu wjYH;d iems¯ug;a lghq;= lrk ,°' ta wkqj"
m<d;a iNd iy m<d;a md,k wud;HdxYh wdOdr
imhk wdh;k iu`. M,∞hSj iïnkaëlrK
lghq;= is≥ ls¯u u.ska m<d;a uÜgfï wdfhdack
i|yd myiqlï i,ik w;ru" m<d;a iNd iy m<d;a
md,k wdh;k i|yd Wiia uÜgfï l<ukdlrK
iy ixjr®Ok iydhhka ,nd °ug;a lghq;= lrk
,°'
jir ;=< ° Wm rdcH wdh;k uÜgfï m%uqL;dj
,nd fok ,oafoa udr®. ixjr®Ok jHdmD;s wLKavj
mj;ajdf.k hEug iy wOHdmkh yd fi!LHh
myiqlï jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|ydh' f;dard .;a m<d;a
md,k m%foaYhkays há;, myiqlï jeä†hqKq
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yd rdcH uQ,H lghq;=
ls¯fï wruq◊ka" m<d;a md,k wdh;k jeä†hqKq
ls¯fï jHdmD;sh ^mqr ke.=u jevigyk& jir ;=< °
wLKavj l%shd;aul jQ w;r" ta hgf;a c, iïmdok
jHdmD;s l%shd;aul ls¯u iy m%dfoaYSh iNd udr®.
jeä†hqKq ls¯u is≥ lrk ,°' ;jo" fuu jHdmD;sh
hgf;a uyck;djg jvd;a fyd| fiajdjla wm%udoj
iemhSu i|yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh u; mokï jQ
kj l%ufõo y∫kajd fok ,°' m<d;a udr®.j,
iïnkaO;djh jeä†hqKq ls¯fï wruqK we;sj W;=re
m<d;a udr®. iïnkaO;d jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lrk
,°' wOHdmk yd fi!LH myiqlï jeä†hqKq ls¯fï
wruq◊ka" ±kqï flakaøfhys moku f,i mdi,a
wOHdmk moaO;sh m%;sksr®udKh ls¯fï jevigyk"
mqia;ld, ixjr®Ok jevigyk iy fojk
fi!LH wdxYsl ixjr®Ok jHdmD;sh jir ;=< °
wLKavj l%shd;aul úh' óg wu;rj" uy fld<U
wmc, l<ukdlrK jHdmD;sh" m%dfoaYSh iNd
Yla;su;a ls¯fï jevigyk" W;=re - kef.kysr
m<d;a md,k fiajd jeä†hqKq ls¯fï jHdmD;sh
iy k.r ixjr®Ok jevigyka rdYshla o jir
;=< ° wLKavj l%shd;aul úh' tfiau" .%dóh md,ï
b†ls¯fï jevigyk iy brKuvq c,iïmdok
jHdmD;sh o 2016 jir ;=< ° l%shd;aul lrk ,°'
m<d;a uÜgñka wd∞hu by< kxjd .ekSu i|yd
uqo,a fldñIka iNdj úiska l%shdudr®. /ila wdrïN
lrk ,°' ta wkqj" m<d;a md,k wdh;kj, wd∞hu
by< kexùu i|yd l%shdld¯ ie,eiaula ieliSug
uqo,a fldñIka iNdfõ f,alï úiska uq,iqk ork"
idud‚lhka 9 fofkl=f.ka hq;a lñgqjla ia:dms;
lrk ,°' fuu lñgqj úiska m%iïmdok l%shdj,sh
Yla;su;a ls¯u" m%dfoaYSh uÜgfï f,alï fiajd
6
iemhSu" n≥ meyer ye¯ï" kj n≥ jr®. y∫kajd °u"
j˙mkï n≥" wlalr n≥" Widú ov uqo,a udre ls¯u"
ys`. uqo,a tl;= ls¯u iy m<d;a yd m<d;a md,k
uÜgñka kj mk;a y∫kajd °u jeks m%dfhda.sl
úi∫ï l%shdjg kexùu i|yd tl`.;ajh m< lrk
,°' ;jo" m<d;a uÜgñka wd∞hï by< kxjd .ekSu
†˙.ekaùu i|yd °ukd l%uhla kej; y∫kajd
°ug 2016 jir ;=< ° uqo,a fldñIka iNdj úiska
m%;sm;a;suh jYfhka tl`.;djhlg t<fUk ,°'
m<d;a iNdj, whjeh lghq;=
2016 jifr® ° o m<d;a iNdj, n≥ wd∞hu
wLKavj by< .sfhah' uqoaor n≥ wd∞hu iy cd;sh
f.dvke.Sfï n≥ wd∞hfuka uOHu rch úiska
is≥ lrk mejereï by< hEu fya;=fjka m<d;a
iNdj, iuia; wd∞hu 2015 jifr® ° mej;s remsh,a
227
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

6'10 ixLHd igyk m<df;ka ,o wd∞hu iuia; wd∞hfï m%;sY;hla

m<d;a iNdj, whjeh ;;a;j
a h f,i ishhg 9'0 isg ishhg 8'3 olajd ie,lsh hq;=
remsh,a ñ,shk
f,i wvq úh'

YSr®Ih 2013 2014 2015 ^w&
2016
;djld,sl m<d;a iNdj, mqkrdjr®;k úhoï 2015 jifr® °
uqΩ wdodhu 49,648 59,133 67,972 77,063 jQ remsh,a ì,shk 222'2 isg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a
n≥ wdodhu 42,569 52,569 61,476 69,269
ì,shk 233'7 olajd ishhg 5'2 lska by< .sh o"
n≥ fkdjk wdodhu 7,079 6,564 6,496 7,793
uqΩ úhou 185,241 216,824 269,586 273,615
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i th 2016 jifr® °
mqkrdjr®;k úhoï 156,066 172,131 222,223 233,698 mej;s ishhg 2'0 l uÜgfuys fkdfjkiaj mej;=◊'
thska jegqma yd fõ;k 117,806 131,162 171,871 183,039 m<d;a iNdj, mqkrdjr®;k úhoï jeä ùu i|yd
m%d.aOk úhoï 29,175 44,693 47,363 39,917
uOHu rcfha mejereï 135,593 157,691 201,614 196,552
fya;= jQfha" jegqma yd fõ;k úhoï 2016 jifr® °
iduQyls m%odk 108,801 126,144 167,551 169,106
remsh,a ì,shk 183'0 olajd ishhg 6'5 lska jeä
Wmudk mdol m%odk 2,264 3,392 3,753 3,035 ùuhs' jegqma yd fõ;k m<d;a iNdj, mqkrdjr®;k
m<d;a úfYaI;
s ixjr®Ok úhoï hgf;a jQ úYd,;u ;ks whs;uh jQ w;r" th
m%odk 6,429 8,343 13,345 12,177
úfYaI fhdackd l%u m<d;a iNdj, iuia; mqkrdjr®;k úhoñka ishhg
i|yd úfoaYSh m%odk 18,100 19,812 16,965 12,234 78'3 la úh' iuia; jegqma yd fõ;k úhoñka jeä
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh m%udKhla tkï" ishhg 90'0 la muK wOHdmkh
m<d;a iNd iy m<d;a md,k wud;HdxYh
yd fi!LH wxYfha jegqma yd fõ;k i|yd úh'
2016 jifr® ° ldr®hhka wkqj úhoï jr®.SlrKh
ì,shk 68'0 isg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 77'1
ie,l+ úg" iudc fiajd i|yd jk mqkrdjr®;k
olajd ishhg 13'4 lska jeä jQ w;r o'foa'ks'fhys
úhou remsh,a ì,shk 210'2 olajd ishhg 5'2 lska
m%;sY;hla f,i th 2015 jifr® ° mej;s ishhg
jeä jQ w;r" m<d;a m˙md,k lghq;= iy wdr®:ßl
0'6 l uÜgfï isg 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 0'7 olajd
fiajd i|yd jk mqkrdjr®;k úhou 2016 jifr® °
by< .sfhah' n≥ wd∞hu remsh,a ì,shk 69'3 olajd
remsh,a ì,shk 19'1 iy remsh,a ì,shk 4'4 olajd
ishhg 12'7 lska by< .sh w;r" n≥ fkdjk wd∞hu
ishhg 4'5 lska iy ishhg 4'6 lska ms<sfj<ska
2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 6'5 isg 2016
jeä úh' uq`M mqkrdjr®;k úhoñka ishhg 22'3 la"
jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 7'8 olajd ishhg 20'0 lska
ishhg 12'4 la iy ishhg 11'9 lg ∞hl fjñka
ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< .sfhah' m<d;a iNdj, uq`M
ms<sfj<ska niakdysr m<d;a iNdj" uOHu m<d;a
n≥ wd∞hu i|yd jeäu ∞hl;ajh imhkq ,nk
iNdj iy ol=Kq m<d;a iNdj úYd,u úhoï ork
uqoaor n≥ wd∞hu" 2015 jifr® ° mej;s remsh,a
m<d;a iNd ;=k njg m;a úh'
ì,shk 27'0 isg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 32'6
olajd ishhg 20'9 lska jeä jQ w;r" mejreï Tmamq mj;akd rdcH uQ,H tald.%;djh ;=<

6
u.ska ,o uqoaor n≥ wd∞hfï jeä ùu Bg fya;= úh'
úúO fiajd i|yd ,nd ≥ka n≥ iyk bj;a ls˙u iy
wdr®:ßl l%shdldrlïj, jr®Okh fya;=fjka uOHu
rcfhka ,nd fok ,o cd;sh f.dv ke.Sfï n≥
wd∞hu remsh,a ì,shk 25'0 olajd ishhg 14'7 lska
jeä jQ w;r" ,shdm†xÑ .dia;= wd∞hu 2016 jifr® °
remsh,a ì,shk 9'6 olajd ishhg 10'0 lska wvq úh'
uqoaor n≥ wd∞hu iy uOHu rcfhka ,nd fok
cd;sh f.dv ke.Sfï n≥ wd∞hu" m<d;a iNdj,
iuia; n≥ wd∞hfuys m%;sY;hla f,i ms<sfj<ska
ishhg 47'1 la iy ishhg 36'1 la úh' uq`M wd∞hug
niakdysr m<df;ka is≥ jQ ∞hl;ajh 2015 jifr® ° jQ
ishhg 52'4 isg 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 53'1 olajd
iq`M jYfhka jeä úh' niakdysr m<d;a iNdjg
miqj jhU iy uOHu m<d;a iNd ms<sfj<ska m<d;a
iNdj, wd∞hug ishhg 9'4 la iy ishhg 8'7 la
ne.ska ∞hl úh' fï w;r" 2016 jir ;=< ° ol=Kq
rdcH wdfhdack m%uqL;djhka u; is≥ jQ
m%d.aOk j;alï w;am;a lr .ekSï iy úfYaI
jHdmD;s i|yd jk úhoï ms<sfj<ska ishhg 36'9
lska iy ishhg 27'9 lska wvq ùu" m<d;a iNdj,
m%d.aOk úhou 2015 jifr® ° mej;s remsh,a
ì,shk 47'4 isg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 39'9
olajd ishhg 15'7 lska wvqùug fya;= úh' tfiau"
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i m<d;a iNdj,
m%d.aOk úhou" 2015 jifr® mej;s ishhg 0'5 isg
2016 jifr® ° ishhg 0'3 olajd wvq ù ;sfí' 2016
jifr® ° m%d.aOk úhoï jYfhka" úfYaI jHdmD;s
i|yd remsh,a ì,shk 12'2 la fukau m<d;a úfYaIs;
ixjr®Ok jHdmD;s i|yd o remsh,a ì,shk 12'2 la
jeh lrk ,°' m<d;a uÜgfï wfkl=;a wdfhdack
m%Odk jYfhka u m%d.aOk j;alï w;am;a lr .ekSu
iy m<d;a md,k wdh;kj,g is≥ lrk m%d.aOk
mejreï i|yd fhduq úh'

228

m<d;a iNd i|yd uOHu rcfha mejreï 2016
jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 196'6 olajd ishhg 2'5 lska
wvq ù we;' fuu mejreï iduQysl m%∞k" Wmudk
mdol m%∞k" m<d;a úfYaIs; ixjr®Ok m%∞k iy
úfYaI jHdmD;s i|yd ,nd ≥ka m%∞kj,ska iukaú;
úh' uOHu rcfha mejreïj, m%Odk whs;uh jk
iduQysl m%∞k remsh,a ì,shk 169'1 la jQ w;r"
th uq`M mejreïj,ska ishhg 86'0 la úh' m<d;a
iNdj, mqkrdjr®;k úhoï jevigykaj, we;s
iïm;a mr;rh mshùu i|yd fuu m%∞k ,nd °
we;' úfYaI jHdmD;s" m<d;a úfYaIs; ixjr®Ok
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yd rdcH uQ,H lghq;=
m%∞k iy Wmudk mdol m%∞k i|yd mjrkq ,enQ
m%∞k ms<sfj<ska remsh,a ì,shk 12'2 la" remsh,a
ì,shk 12'2 la iy remsh,a ì,shk 3'0 la úh' fï
w;r" m<d;a iNdj, úhoñka ishhg 71'8 la uOHu
rcfha mejreïj,ska uQ,Hkh l< w;r" wd∞hu
by< kexùug m<d;a iNdj,g mj;sk wjldYh
iSudiys; ùu thg fya;= úh' tneúka" m<d;a iNd
uOHu rcfha whjeh u; olajk /¢hdj wju lr
.ekSu i|yd m<d;a iNdj, wd∞hï tla/ia ls¯ï
ffOr®hj;a ls¯u w;HjYH fõ'
229
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

230
 uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl"
7'1 iuia; ksÍlaIK
,xld wdr®:ßlfhys meje;s iy ke`.S tk
Y%S wiu;=,s;;d uevmeje;aùfï wruqK we;sj
2016 jir ;=<° uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul
lrk ,°' tA wkqj" wdr®:ßlfha b,aÆu ksid we;s úh
yels WoaOuk mSvk wju ls¯u i|yd uqo,a iy Kh
iuia;j, by< jr®Okh iSud ls¯ug Y%S ,xld uy
nexl=j 2016 jir ;=<° ish uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ia:djrh
±ä lf<ah' foaYSh uqo,a fj<|fmd< ;=< meje;s wê
øjYS,;djfhka fldgila ia:ßr f,i wjfYdaIKh
lr .ekSu i|yd uy nexl=j úiska n,m;%,dNS jd◊c
nexl=j, ishÆu remsh,a ;ekam;= i|yd w∞< jk
jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wkqmd;h 2016 jifr® ckjd˙
ui isg n,meje;afjk m˙† m%;sY;dxl 1'50 lska
ishhg 7'50 olajd by< kxjk ,°' ;jo" by<
hñka meje;s WoaOuk mSvk yuqfõ uy nexl=j ish
m%Odk m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl jk ks;H ;ekam;=
myiqlï wkqmd;slh (SDFR) iy ks;H Kh
myiqlï wkqmd;slh (SLFR) fmnrjd˙ udifha °
mokï wxl 50 lska by< kexùh' b†˙ ±laulska
hq;=j mQr®fjdamdhsl m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®. l%shdjg
kxjkq ,enqj o" iemhqï wxYfhys meje;s wjysr;d
iy rdcH n≥ jHqyfhys is≥ lrk ,o ixfYdaOkj,
n,mEu fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® ueo jk úg u;=msg
WoaOukfhys lsishï by< hEula olakg ,enqKq w;r"
uQ,sl WoaOukh o by< .sfhah' WoaOukh jeäjk
w;r fm!oa.,sl wxYhg imhk ,o Kh jr®Okh
wLKavj by< hEu;a iuÛ 2016 cQ,s udifha °
ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd;slh iy ks;H Kh
myiqlï wkqmd;slh" ms<sfj<ska" ishhg 7'00 iy
ishhg 8'50 olajd kej;;a mokï wxl 50 ne.ska
7
uqo,a iy Kh
by< kexùu ;=<ska Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j ish uqo,a
m%;sm;a;s ia:djrh ;j≥rg;a ±ä lf<ah' ±ä
uqo,a m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®. iuÛ újg fj<|fmd<
lghq;= is≥ ls¯u" tla †k fmd,S wkqmd;sl
m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl fld˙fvdafjys by<
iSudfjys mj;ajd .ekSug fya;= úh' 2015 jir
wjidk ld,fha ° wkq.ukh lrkq ,enQ idr®j
úplaIKYS,S l%shdudr®. wLKavj l%shd;aul ls¯u
fukau" úksuh wkqmd;slh kuHYS,Sj ;SrKh
ùug l%udkql+,j bvye¯u jeks l%shdudr®. Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ ±ä uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul ls¯u
i|yd ;j≥rg;a iydh úh' jifr® fojk Nd.h
;=<° u;=msg iy uQ,sl WoaOukfhys lsishï ia:djr
ùula fmkakqï l<o" rdcH n≥ jHqyfha is≥ lrk
,o ixfYdaOk kej; l%shd;aul ls¯u fukau"
m%Odk jYfhka kshÛ ;;a;ajh we;=Ω iemhqï
wxYfha we;sjQ wjysr;d fya;=fjka jir wjidkh
jk úg WoaOukh ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< .sfhah'
WoaOukfhys by< hEula is≥ jqjo uy nexl=j úiska
wfmalaId lrk ,o uÜgfï iy cd;Hka;r uQ,H
wruqof,a úia;Sr®K Kh myiqlu hgf;a tlÛ jQ
b,lal.; mrdih ;=< WoaOukh wLKavj mej;sK'
uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh ±ä ls¯fï l%shdudr®.j,g m%;spdr
olajñka fláld,Sk fmd,S wkqmd;slj, by<
hEfï m%jK;dj wfkl=;a fj<|fmd< fmd,S
wkqmd;sl fj; l%ufhka iïfm%aIKh úh' rdcH
uQ,H m%;sm;a;s ±ä ls¯fï l%shdudr®. iy fmr jifr®
jdr®;d jQ by< jr®Okh fya;=fjka we;s jQ mokï
n,mEu uOHfhys ±ä uqo,a m%;sm;a;sfhys n,mEu
ms<sìUq lrñka" fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj; imhk ,o
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

Kh m%udKfhys jr®Okh" 2016 cQ,s ui jdr®;d 7'1 rEm igyk

lrk ,o ishhg 28'5 lajQ by<u w.fhys isg 2016 m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl iy nß;
wjidkh jk úg ishhg 21'9 la olajd ukao.dó idudkH tAlaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slh
úh' tfia jqjo" Kh jr®Okh my< hEu wfmalaIs; 12

uÜgug jvd wvq uÜgul mej;sK' rdcH ixia:d

fj; imhk ,o Kh m%udKh wvq jqjo" rch fj; 10

imhk ,o Y=oaO Kh m%udKh wLKavj by< hEu iy

fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj; imhk ,o Kh m%udKfhys

ishhg
8

by< jr®Okh fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® ° mqΩ,a uqo,a

iemhqu ^M2b& jr®Okh ùfï idudkHh ishhg 18'1 la 6

úh' uqo,a iy Kh iuia;j, wfmalaIs; uÜgu

blaujQ wêl jr®Okh ;=<ska b,aÆu ksid cks; jk 4

foie'-13

udr®;=-14

cqks-14

iema'-14

foie'-14

udr®;=-15

cqks-15

iema'-15

foie'-15

udr®;=-16

cqks-16

iema'-16

foie'-16

udr®;=-17
WoaOuk mSvkfhys is≥ úh yels by< hEu iy
wys;lr WoaOuk wfmalaId jr®Okh ùu j<lajd
ks;H fmd,S n˙; idudkH úfYaI ks;H
.ekSfï wruq◊ka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j 2017 udr®;= wkqmd;sl tAlaIK uqo,a ;ekam;= myiqlï
udifha ° m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl mokï wxl fld˙fvdaj wkqmd;slh wkqmd;slh

25 lska by< kxjñka uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ia:djrh uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

;j≥rg;a ±ä lf<ah' úksuh wkqmd;slfhys

by< kuHYS,S njla mj;ajd .kq ,nk w;r;=r"
b†˙.dó ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,shla ;=<ska uqo,a
m%;sm;a;sfhys m%Odk úp,Hh f,i WoaOukfhys
wfmalaId l<ukdlrKh ls¯u i|yd jr®;udkfha
Ndú;d jk jeä †hqK l< uqo,a m%;sm;a;s rduqfõ
isg kuHYS,S WoaOuk b,lallrK rduqjla fj;
l%ñlj fhduq ùu u.ska ñ, ia:dhS;dj ;sridr
mokulska mj;ajd .ekSug fukau" ue†ld,Skj
idr®j wdr®:ßl ia:dhS;dj <Ûdlr .ekSug yels jkq
we;ehs wfmalaId flfr®'
7'2 Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a m%;sm;a;s
ia:djrh
wdr®:ßlfhys jr®Ok yelshdjg ndOd fkdjk
m˙† ue†ld,Sk jYfhka WoaOukh ue† ;ks w.hl
ia:dhSj mj;ajd .ekSu Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a
m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul ls¯fuys m%Odk wruqK úh'
tA wkqj" WoaOuk b,lallrKh iy uqo,a iuia;
b,lallrKh hk m%fõY foflysu ,laIKj,ska
iukaú; jeä†hqKq l< uqo,a m%;sm;a;s rduqjla hgf;a
w;rue† or®Yl úp,Hh f,i wLKavj fhd∞
.kakd ,°' fláld,Sk iy ue†ld,Sk mqfrdal:k
iy wfmalaIK ms<sn| iólaIK o iys;j wdr®:ßl
iy uqo,a hk wxY ms<sn| iúia;rd;aul fukau
úêu;a úYaf,aIK u; uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| ;SrK
.ekSfï l%shdj,sh mokï úh' uqo,a m%;sm;a;s wruqKq
bgqlr .ekSug iq≥iq jk m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®. ms<sn|
;SrKj,g t<öu i|yd wkd.; WoaOuk wj∞kï
ks;sm;d ;lafiare lrk ,o w;r" tu úYaf,aIK
m%;sM, Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ
uqo,a m%;sm;a;s lñgqj yryd uqo,a uKav,h ±kqïj;a
lrk ,°'
2016 jifr® m<uq Nd.h ;=<° by< hEfï
m%jK;djla fmkakqï lrk ,o u;=msg WoaOukh
jifr® wjidk Nd.fha ° lsishï ia:djr uÜgul
mej;=◊' cd;sl md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylfhys
^cd'md'ñ'o'" 2013}100& jdr®Isl ,laIHuh fjki
wkqj ukskq ,nk u;=msg WoaOukh" by<
hEfï m%jK;djla fmkakqï l<o" 2016 jifr®

7
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j ish uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul
lf<ah' jeä†hqKq l< uqo,a m%;sm;a;s rduqfjys
fufyhqï b,lalh jk n˙; idudkH tAlaIK uqo,a
wkqmd;slh (AWCMR) wfmalaIs; m˙† yeisrùu
i|yd m%Odk m%;sm;a;s WmlrK f,i fj<|fmd<
mokï lr.;a m%;sm;a;s WmlrK" úfYaIfhkau"
m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl iy újg fj<|fmd<
lghq;= fhd∞ .kq ,enQ w;r" wdr®:ßlfhys øjYS,;d
;;a;ajh iy Kh ;;a;ajh ms<sìUq lrkq ,nk mqΩ,a
uqo,a iemhqu (M2b) uqo,a m%;sm;a;s rduqfjys m%Odk
m<uq udi y;r ;=<° ue†-;ks w.hl uÜgug
jvd my< mej;=◊' flfia fj;;a" wys;lr
ld,.=◊l ;;a;ajh ksid foaYSh iemhqï wxYfha
we;s jQ wjysr;d" tl;= l< w.h u; noao by<
kexùu iy tl;= l< w.h u; noao yd cd;sh
f.dvke.Sfï noao wh ls¯u u; ,nd ° ;snQ we;eï
n≥ ksoyia ls¯ï bj;a ls¯u fya;=fjka 2016 jifr®
uehs isg cqks ui olajd ld,h ;=<° WoaOukh
by< .sfhah' bkamiqj" rdcH n≥ jHqyhg is≥
lrk ,o fjkialï l%shd;aul ls¯u ;djld,slj
w;aysgqùu iy iemhqï ;;a;ajh h:d ;;a;ajhg

232

m;aùu fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® ;=kajk ldr®;=fõ °
WoaOukh wvq úh' tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ yd
cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï n≥j, is≥ lrk ,o ixfYdaOk
2016 fkdjeïnr® udifha° kej; l%shd;aul ls¯u
fya;=fjka ñ, .Kka by< hEfï mSvkhla we;s jqjo"
jdr®Isl ,laIHuh moku u; WoaOukh mqΩ,a f,i
ia:djrj mej;sK' tA wkqj" cd'md'ñ'o' u; mokïj
ukskq ,nk jdr®Isl ,laIHuh u;=msg WoaOukh
2016 cqks udifha ° ishhg 6'4 la jQ by<u w.hla
olajd jeä jqjo" 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg 2015
wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ wdldrhgu ishhg 4'2 la olajd
l%ñlj wvq úh' flfia fj;;a" cd'md'ñ'o' mokï
lr.;a jdr®Isl idudkH u;=msg WoaOukh 2015
jir wjidkfha mej;s ishhg 3'8 yd iei£fï °
2016 jir wjidkh jk úg ishhg 4'0 la olajd
by< .sfhah' fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh
^fld'md'ñ'o'" 2013}100& u.ska ukskq ,nk jdr®Isl
,laIHuh u;=msg WoaOukh 2016 jir wjidkfha °
ishhg 4'5 la jqjo" 2016 cQ,s udifha ° ishhg
5'8 la jQ by<u w.hla jdr®;d lf<ah' fld'md'ñ'o'
mokï lr.;a jdr®Isl idudkH u;=msg WoaOukh
2015 jir wjidkfha jdr®;d l< ishhg 2'2 isg
2016 jir wjidkh jk úg ishhg 4'0 olajd by<
.sfhah' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ WoaOuk wfmalaIK
ms<sn| iólaIKhg wkqj" l=gqïn wxYfha WoaOuk
wfmalaIdj, lsishï by< hEula fmkakqï l< o"
wdh;ksl wxYfha WoaOuk wfmalaId wvq uÜgul
mej;sK'
b,aÆfuka cks; jk WoaOukh ms<sn| ñkqula
f,i i,lkq ,nk uQ,sl WoaOukh we;eï udi
;=< wvq ùula jdr®;d l<o" iuia;hla jYfhka 2016
jir ;=<° by< hEfï m%jK;djla fmkakqï lf<ah'
uqo,a iy Kh iuia;j, jr®Okh fya;=fjka we;s
jk b,aÆï mSvkh uQ,sl WoaOukfha yeis¯u ;=<ska
lsishï ≥rlg ms<sìUq jqjo" rch úiska n≥ jHqyfhys
is≥ lrk ,o ixfYdaOk 2016 jifr® ueo ° uQ,sl
WoaOukfha by< hEu i|yd m%Odk jYfhka fya;=
úh' 2016 uehs udifha isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† tl;=
l< w.h u; n≥ by< kexùu ;=<ska WoaOukh ue†
;ks w.hl uÜgfï mj;ajd f.k hEu i|yd iDcq
n,mEula we;s lrkq ,enqjo" by< WoaOuk mSvk
l,a;shd y∫kd .ksñka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j 2016
ckjd˙ ui wdrïNh iy fmnrjd˙ ui ueo Nd.h
w;r ld,h ;=< ish uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ia:djrh ±ä
ls¯u WoaOukh lsishï ≥rlg md,kh lr .ekSug
Wmld¯ úh' flfia fj;;a" tl;= l< w.h u; n≥
yd cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï n≥ ixfYdaOk l%shd;aul
ls¯u ;djld,slj w;aysgqùu iy 2016 cQ,s udifha °
uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh
;j≥rg;a uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh ±ä ls¯u" 2016 wf.daia;=
isg Tlaf;danr® olajd w;r ld,h ;=< uQ,sl
WoaOukh ia:djr ls¯ug Wmld¯ úh' tfia jqjo
n≥ ixfYdaOk kej; l%shd;aul ls¯u fya;=fjka
2016 fkdjeïnr® iy foieïnr® ld,fha ° uQ,sl
WoaOukh ;rula by< .sfhah' tA wkqj" 2016 cqks
udifha ° ishhg 7'5 l jdr®Isl ,laIHuh moku
u; by<u w.hla jdr®;d lrk ,o cd'md'ñ'o' u;
mokï jQ uQ,sl WoaOukh" 2016 wjidkh jkúg
ishhg 6'7 la olajd hï wvqùula fmkakqï l<o"
2015 wjidkfha meje;s ishhg 5'8 yd iei£fï° th
by< w.hla úh' cd'md'ñ'o' u; mokïj .Kkh
lrkq ,nk jdr®Isl idudkH uQ,sl WoaOukh o 2015
jir wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ ishhg 4'6 isg 2016 jir
wjidkh jk úg ishhg 5'9 la olajd by< .sfhah'
flfia fj;;a" fld'md'ñ'o' u; mokïj .Kkh
lrkq ,nk jdr®Isl ,laIHuh uQ,sl WoaOukh
2015 jir wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ ishhg 6'7 isg 2016
jir wjidkh jk úg ishhg 5'8 la olajd wvq jQ
w;r" 2015 jir wjidkfha ishhg 4'9 la jQ jdr®Isl
idudkH uQ,sl WoaOukh 2016 jir wjidkh jk
úg ishhg 4'4 la olajd wvq úh'
fm!oa.,sl wxYh iy rch fj; imhk ,o Kh
m%udKh ie,lsh hq;= f,i jr®Okh ùu fya;=fjka
2016 jir ;=< mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqu ^M2b& wfmalaIs;
uÜgug jvd by< .sfhah' jdr®Isl ,laIHuh moku
u; mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqfuys jr®Okh" 2015 jir
wjidkfha jdr®;d l< ishhg 17'8 yd iei£fï °
2016 jir wjidkfha ° ishhg 18'4 l by< w.hl
meje;sK' mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqfuys idudkH jr®Okh o"
2015 jir wjidkfha mej;s ishhg 15'2 yd iei£fï °
2016 jir wjidkfha ° ishhg 18'1 l by< w.hla
jdr®;d lf<ah'
by< uqo,a yd Kh m%idrKh iy foaYSh uqo,a
fj<|fmd< ;=< meje;s by< øjYS,;d uÜgï
fya;=fjka WoaOukh u; we;s úh yels b,aÆï
7
mSvk uevmeje;aùfï wruqK we;sj Y%S ,xld uy
nexl=j úiska uqo,a m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®. lsysmhla
wkq.ukh lrk ,°' wfmalaIs; uÜgug jvd uqo,a
iemhqu m%idrKh by< kexùug ;=vq foñka 2015
jir ;=<° foaYSh Kh m%udKh ie,lsh hq;= f,i
by< .sh w;r" tA fya;=fjka ñ, ia:dhS;dj iy
uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj u; we;s úh yels n,mEu
l,a;shd j<lajd .ekSu i|yd ±ä l%shdudr®. .ekSug
uy nexl=jg is≥ úh' tA wkqj" 2015 jifr® wjidk
ld,h jk úg Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska fudagr®
r:jdyk wdkhkh ls¯u i|yd jd◊c nexl=j,
233
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
Khjr ,sms újD; ls¯fï ° wju wdka;sl uqo,a
;ekam;= wjYH;djla mekùu jeks úplaIKYS,S
m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®. lsysmhla y∫kajd fok ,oS'
fuu ls%hdudr®.h fjkqjg miqj fudagr® r:jdyk
ñ,° .ekSu iy Ndú;d ls¯u i|yd ,ndfokq ,nk
Kh w;a;sldrïj,g w∞<j jákdlu u; Wm˙u
Kh wkqmd;hla 2015 jir wjidk ldr®;=j ;=<°
mkjk ,o w;r" úksuh wkqmd;slh jvd;sl jvd;a
kuHYS,Sj ;SrKh ùug i,ik ,°' tfukau" uy
nexl=fõ uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ia:djrh ie,lsh hq;= f,i
±ä lrk ,°' tA wkqj" jd◊c nexl=j, ishÆu
remsh,a ;ekam;= i|yd w∞< jk jHjia:dms; ixÑ;
wkqmd;h" 2016 ckjd˙ ui 16 jk †k werô ixÑ;
ld,m˙Éf√ofha isg n,meje;afjk m˙† ishhg
7'50 la olajd m%;sY;dxl 1'50 lska by< kxjk ,°'
fuu l%shdudr®.h ;=<ska foaYSh uqo,a fj<|fmd<
;=< mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 52 l muK w;s˙la;
øjYS,;djla ia:ßr mokulska wjfYdaIKh ls¯ug
yelsjQ w;r" Bg m%;spdr olajñka fláld,Sk
uqo,a fj<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< .sfhah'
uqo,a iy Kh iuia;j, jr®Okh md,kh ls¯fï
wruq◊ka 2016 fmnrjd˙ 19 jeks †k wjidkfha
isg n,meje;afjk m˙† Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j ish
m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl jk ks;H ;ekam;=
myiqlï wkqmd;slh iy ks;H Kh myiqlï
wkqmd;slh" ms<sfj<ska" ishhg 6'50 iy ishhg 8'00
olajd mokï wxl 50 ne.ska by< kexùh' uqo,a
m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®.j, n,mEu ms<sìUq lrñka
fj<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;sl jeä jQ kuq;a jd◊c
nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj; imhk ,o Kh
yd w;a;sldrï ms<sn| ldr®;=uh iólaIKh u.ska
fmkakqï flfrk m˙† wdr®:ßlfha ishÆu m%Odk
wxYj,ska †.=ld,Sk Kh i|yd we;s b,aÆu by<
hEu fukau" Kh ,nd .ekSu i|yd we;s myiqj
fya;=fjka jd◊c nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYhg
,nd≥ka Kh mqfrdal:kh lrk ,o uÜgug jvd
by< w.hlska wLKavj jr®Okh úh' fuu ;;a;ajh
ie,ls,a,g .ksñka 2016 cQ,s ui 28 jk †k
7
wjidkfha isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† ks;H ;ekam;=
myiqlï wkqmd;slh iy ks;H Kh myiqlï
wkqmd;slh" ms<sfj<ska" ishhg 7'00 iy ishhg 8'50
olajd mokï wxl 50 ne.ska by< kxjñka Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j ish uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ia:djrh ;j≥rg;a
±ä lf<ah' wys;lr WoaOuk wfmalaId jr®Okh
ùu wju lrk w;r" uqo,a jr®Okh wfmalaIs;
uÜgula olajd my; fy<Sfï wruq◊ka Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j 2017 udr®;= 24 †k isg n,meje;afjk
m˙† m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl mokï wxl 25 lska
kej;;a by< kexùh'
234
7'1 ixLHd igyk
uE;ld,Sk uqo,a m%;sm;a;s l%shdud¾.
†kh l%shdudr®.h
2012 fmnrjd˙ 3 m%;sñ,° .ekqï wkqmd;slh iy m%;súl=Kqï wkqmd;slh mokï
wxl 50 lska" ms<sfj<ska 7'50] iy 9'00] olajd by< kxjk ,°'
2012 fmnrjd˙ 9 úksuh wkqmd;sl ;SrKh ls¯fï° jvd;a kuHYS,S m%;sm;a;shla
wkq.ukh lrk ,°'
2012 udr®;= 12 n,m;%,dNS nexl= fj; ish remsh,a Kh °ï 18] lg fyda remsh,a
ñ,shk 800 lg iSud lrk f,i kshu lrk ,°' tf;˙ka wruqo,a
tla/ia fldg mr;rh mshjk nexl= i|yd wu;r 5]la ^23]la fyda
remsh,a ì,shkhla& ,ndfok ,°'
2012 wfm%a,a 5 m%;sñ,° .ekqï wkqmd;slh 7'75] olajd mokï wxl 25 lska o"
m%;súl=Kqï wkqmd;slh 9'75] olajd mokï wxl 75 lska o by<
kxjk ,°'
2012 foieïnr® 12 m%;sñ,° .ekqï wkqmd;slh iy m%;súl=Kqï wkqmd;slh mokï
wxl 25 lska" ms<sfj<ska 7'50] iy 9'50] olajd wvq lrk ,°'
2012 foieïnr® 31 remsh,aj,ska imhk ,o Kh jr®Okh u; mkjd ;snQ by< iSudj
wjika ùug bv i,ik ,°'
2013 uehs 10 m%;sñ,° .ekqï wkqmd;slh iy m%;súl=Kqï wkqmd;slh mokï
wxl 50 lska" ms<sfj<ska 7'00] iy 9'00] olajd wvq lrk ,°'
2013 cqks 26 2013 cq,s ui 1 jk †k isg n,meje;afjk m˙† jHjia:dms;
ixÑ; wjYH;dj m%;sY;dxl 2 lska 6'00] olajd wvq lrk ,°'
2013 Tlaf;danr® 15 m%;sñ,° .ekqï wkqmd;slh iy m%;súl=Kqï wkqmd;slh mokï
wxl 50 ne.ska" ms<sfj<ska 6'50] iy 8'50] olajd wvq lrk ,°'
2014 ckjd˙ 2 m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl fld˙fvdaj ks;H fmd,S wkqmd;sl
fld˙fvdaj f,i kï lrk ,o w;r" uy nexl=fõ m%;sñ,° .ekqï
wkqmd;slh iy m%;súl=Kqï wkqmd;slh" ms<sfj<ska" ks;H ;ekam;=
myiqlï wkqmd;slh iy ks;H Kh myiqlï wkqmd;slh f,i
kï lrk ,°'
ks;H Kh myiqlï wkqmd;slh mokï wxl 50 lska 8'00] olajd
wvqlrk ,°'
2014 fmnrjd˙ ui 1 jeks †k isg n,meje;afjk m˙† ks;H
;ekam;= myiqlu iq/l=ï rys;j is≥ lrk ,°'
2014 iema;eïnr® 23 újg fj<|fmd< lghq;= i|yd iyNd.Sjkakka i|yd jk
6'50] la jQ ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlu †kor®Ys; uilg Wm˙u
wjia:d ;=kla olajd iSud lrk ,°' wjia:d ;=k blaujd ks;H
;ekam;= myiqlu Ndú;d lrk újg fj<|fmd< lghq;= i|yd
iyNd.Sjkakka yg jdr®Islj 5'00]la jQ úfYaI fmd,S wkqmd;slhla
mkjk ,°'
2015 udr®;= 2 5'00] úfYaI ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd;slh bj;a lrk ,°'
2015 wfm%a,a 15 ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd;slh yd ks;H Kh myiqlï
wkqmd;slh mokï wxl 50 lska" ms<sfj<ska 6'00] iy 7'50] olajd
wvq lrk ,°'
2015 iema;eïnr® 3 úfoaY úksuh fj<|fmd< b,aÆï yd iemhqï ;;a;aj u; mokïj
úksuh wkqmd;sl ;SrKh ùug bv y˙k ,°' ^w&
2015 foieïnr® 30 2016 ckjd˙ ui 16 jk †k isg werfUk ixÑ; ld,m˙Éf√ofha
isg n,meje;afjk m˙† jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wjYH;dj m%;sY;dxl
1'50 lska 7'50] olajd by< kxjk ,°'
2016 fmnrjd˙ 19 ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd;slh iy ks;H Kh myiqlï
wkqmd;slh mokï wxl 50 lska" ms<sfj<ska 6'50] iy 8'00] olajd
by< kxjk ,°'
2016 cQ,s 28 ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd;slh iy ks;H Kh myiqlï
wkqmd;slh mokï wxl 50 lska" ms<sfj<ska 7'00] iy 8'50] olajd
by< kxjk ,°'
2017 udr®;= 24 ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd;slh iy ks;H Kh myiqlï
wkqmd;slh mokï wxl 25 lska" ms<sfj<ska 7'25] iy 8'75] olajd
by< kxjk ,°'
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^w& óg wu;rj" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska(
⁄ r: jdyk wdkhkh i|yd jd◊c nexl= iu`. Khjr ,sms újD;
ls˙fï° 2015 Tlaf;danr® 30 †k isg 2015 foieïnr® 1 †k f;la
n,meje;afjk m˙† wju wdka;sl uqo,a ;ekam;= wjYH;dj
(Minimum Cash Margin Requirement) 100] la olajd by< kxjk
,°'
⁄⁄ idr®j úplaIK ls%hdudr®.hla f,i Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska
wëlaIKh lrkq ,nk nexl= iy uQ,H wdh;k u.ska r: jdyk
ñ,° .ekSu iy Ndú;d ls¯u i|yd ,nd fok Kh iy w;a;sldrï
j,g w∞<j jákdlu u; Kh wkqmd;h (Loan To Value Ratio)
2015 foieïnr® ui 1 †k isg n,meje;afjk m˙† 70] l Wm˙uhlg
isud lrk ,°'
 uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh

tla†k fmd,S wkqmd;sl wfmalaIs; uÜgfï
mj;ajd .ekSfï wruqK we;sj foaYSh uqo,a
fj<|fmd< ;=< remsh,a øjYS,;dj l<ukdlrKh
ls¯u i|yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ újg fj<|fmd<
lghq;= is≥ lrk ,°' 2016 jir wdrïNfha °
jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wkqmd;h by< kexùu;a iuÛu
wvqjQ foaYSh uqo,a fj<|fmd< remsh,a øjYS,;dj
2016 fojk ldr®;=j ;=<° ;j≥rg;a my< .sfhah'
fj<|fmd< iyNd.Sjkakka yg fláld,Sk
øjYS,;dj iemhSu i|yd jifr® fojk ldr®;=fõ
isg uy nexl=j úiska ks;m;d m%;súl=Kqï fjkafoais
mj;ajk ,o w;r" uy nexl=fõ ks;H myiqlï fj;
m%fõY ùug o bv i,ik ,°' 2016 jifr® we;eï
wjia:dj, ° fj<|fmd< remsh,a øjYS,;djfhys
w;s˙la;hla mej;Su fya;=fjka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
úiska øjYS,;dj wjfYdaIKh ls¯u i|yd tla†k
mokñka m%;sñ,° .ekqï fjkafoais iq≥iq m˙†
mj;ajk ,°' ±ä uqo,a m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®. iy
wvq fj<|fmd< øjYS,;d uÜgï fya;=fjka flá
ld,Sk fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< hEfï n,mEu" uQ,H
wdh;kj, ;ekam;= iy Kh fmd,S wkqmd;sl lrd
iïfm%aIKh jQ w;r" th fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj;ska
Kh i|yd we;s wê b,aÆu md,kh ls¯ug fya;=jk
m˙† wruqo,a ms˙jeh by< kexùug fya;= úh'
by< úksúoNdjhlska yd meye†,sNdjhlska
hq;=j uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ;SrK ms<sn| wdr®:ßlfhys ishÆu
mdr®Yajlrejka ±kqïj;a ls¯u i|yd Y%S ,xld uy
nexl=j ish ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh iM,∞hS f,i
wLKavj jeä oshqKq lf<ah' fj<|fmd< wfmalaId
l<ukdlrKh ls¯fï wruqK we;sj uy nexl=fõ
m%;sm;a;s yd ;SrK" tu l%shdudr®. i|yd fya;=
idOl jQ lreKq o iuÛ uyck;dj yd fj<|fmd<
iyNd.sjkakka fj; ks;sm;d ksfõok ksl=;a ls¯u"
udOH idlÉPd" iïuka;%K yd foaYk meje;aùu
iy uy nexl=fõ wêm;s iy fcHIaG ks,Od¯ka
ls¯u 2017 ckjd˙ udifha isg kej; wdrïN
lrk ,°' fuu §2017 jir i|yd jQ uqo,a iy uQ,H
wxYfha m%;sm;a;s fmr ±lau¶ u.ska ue†ld,Skj
kuHYS,S WoaOuk b,lallrK rduqjla fj; fhduq
ùfï Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wfmalaIdj ksfõokh
lrk ,°' tfukau" wdr®:ßlfha m%jK;d ms<sn|j
mqΩ,aj úYaf,aIKh ls¯u i|yd iy wdr®:ßl úp,H
mqfrdal:kh i|yd m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd°fï
wruq◊ka jirla ;=< mj;ajkq ,nk uqo,a m%;sm;a;s
lñgq /iaùï ixLHdj 8 la olajd wvq lrk ,°'
7'3 fmd,S wkqmd;slj, yeisÍu
fj<|fmd< øjYS,;dj" fj<|fmd< fufyhqï lghq;=
iy fláld,Sk fmd,S wkqmd;sl
2016 jifr® m<uq ldr®;=j ;=< w;s˙la;
;;a;ajhl mej;s uqo,a fj<|fmd< øjYS,;dj"
bkamiqj øjYS,;d ysÛhla njg m;ajQ w;r" 2016
jifr® wjidkh jk úg tys hï jr®Okhla olakg
,eìK' 2015 jir wjidkh jk úg foaYSh uqo,a
fj<|fmd< øjYS,;dj remsh,a ì,shk 105'3 l
by< w;s˙la; ;;a;ajhl mej;sK' fj<|fmd< ;=<
wLKavj mej;s by< øjYS,;d ;;a;ajh wvq ls¯u
i|yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j 2016 ckjd˙ 16 †k isg
l%shd;aul jk m˙† jd◊c nexl=j, ishÆu remsh,a
;ekam;= j.lSï i|yd w∞< jk jHjia:dms; ixÑ;
wkqmd;h ishhg 7'50 olajd m%;sY;dxl 1'50 lska
by< kexjQ w;r" tu.ska foaYSh uqo,a fj<|fmd<
fj;ska remsh,a ì,shk 52 l muK w;s˙la;
7'2 rEm igyk
foaYSh uqo,a fj<|fmd< remsh,a øjYS,;dj iy
øjYS,;d l<ukdlrKh
400 10
350
300 9
remsh,a ì,shk

250
úiska mj;ajk ,o foaYk yryd ikaksfõokh lrk 200
8
ishhg

7
,°' ;jo" jdr®Isl jdr®;dj iy uE;ld,Sk wdr®:ßl 150 7
100
m%jK;d wd° Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ m%Odk m%ldYk 50
6

u.ska idr®j wdr®:ßl o;a; ms<sn|j iúia;rd;aul 0

5
úYaf,aIK imhk ,o w;r" †km;d" i;sm;d iy -50
-100 4
udisl mokñka m%Odk idr®j wdr®:ßl or®Yl NdId
foie-13
fmn'-14
wfm%a'-14
cqks-14
wf.da'-14
Tla'-14
foie'-14
fmn'-15
wfm%a'-15
cqks-15
wf.da'-15
Tla'-15
foie'-15
fmn'-16
wfm%a'-16
cQks-16
wf.da'-16
Tla'-16
foie'-16
fmn'-17

;%s;ajfhkau uy nexl= fjí wvúh Tiafia m%ldYhg

m;a lrk ,°' uy nexl= fjí wvúh ;=< wLKavj †.=ld,Sk fjkafoais ks;H ;ekam;= fláld,Sk fjkafoais
myiqlu
idr®j wdr®:ßl m%ia;dr f.dkqj m%ldYhg m;a lrk
,o w;r" wdr®:ßlfha ishÆu mdr®Yajlrejka yg tla†k m%;súl=Kqï
fjkafoais
tla†k m%;sñ,°
.ekSï fjkafoais
n˙; idudkH tAlaIK
uqo,a wkqmd;slh
ue†ld,Sk ±laula imhkq ,nk uqo,a yd uQ,H ^ol=Kq wlaIh&

wxYfha m%;sm;a;s fmr±lau jdr®Islj ksfõokh uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

235
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

øjYS,;djla ia:ßr mokñka wjfYdaIKh lr.kakd
,°' øjYS,;dj wvq ùfï n,mEu ms<sìUq lrñka
fláld,Sk fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< hEu wdrïN
úK' flfia fj;;a" 2016 jifr® uq,a udi fol ;=<
foaYSh uqo,a fj<|fmd< øjYS,;dj idudkHfhka
remsh,a ì,shk 84 l muK by< uÜgul mej;s
w;r" m%;sñ,°.ekqï .súiqï l,ams¯u" uy nexl=j
úiska NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ñ,g .ekSu fukau"
rch fj; ;djld,sl w;a;sldrï iemhSu hkd°
lreKq óg fya;= úh' flfia fj;;a" 2016 jifr®
udr®;= udih jk úg" kj m%;sñ,° .ekqï .súiqï"
úfoaY Kh mshùï fukau" uy nexl=j úiska foaYSh
úfoaY úksuh fj<|fmd<g úfoaY úksuh iemhSu
fya;=fjka foaYSh uqo,a fj<|fmd< w;s˙la;
øjYS,;dj idudkHfhka remsh,a ì,shk 9 la olajd
wvq úh' tfia jqjo" jd◊c nexl= iuÛ uy nexl=j
is≥ lrk ,o úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .súiqïj,
n,mEu fya;=fjka fj<|fmd< øjYS,;dj wvqùfï
m%jK;dj hï;dla ≥rlg iSud úh' tA wkqj" 2016
wfm%a,a ui isg cqks ui olajd ld,m˙É√oh ;=<
foaYSh uqo,a fj<|fmd< øjYS,;d ysÛh remsh,a
ì,shk 9 l muK idudkH uÜgfï mej;sK' flfia
fj;;a" fuu ld,h ;=<° uy nexl=j úiska m%d:ñl
fj<|fmd< ;=< NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ñ,° .ekSu
fya;=fjka øjYS,;d ;;a;ajfha úáka úg by< hEï
is≥ úh' uqo,a m%;sm;a;s iïfm%aIKh u; o lsishï
n,mEula we;s ls¯ug n,mEula we;s ls¯ug o
fya;= úh yels rdcH iq/l=ïm;a ksl=;a ls¯u i|yd
iïmQr®K jYfhka fjkafoais l%ufõoh fhd∞
.ekSu ;=< M,∞ wkqmd;slj, we;sjk iufmalaIK
by< hEï iSud ls¯u i|yd uy nexl=j úiska rcfha
iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmd< ;=< is≥ lrk ,o ue†y;aùï
fuhg fya;= úh' flfia jqj;a" foaYSh uqo,a
fj<|fmd< ;=< øjYS,;dj" cqks iy Tlaf;danr® w;r
ld,iSudj ;=< ;j≥rg;a remsh,a ì,shk 27 la muK
idudkH ysÛ ;;a;ajhl mej;s w;r" tA i|yd uy
nexl=j fj;e;s NdKavd.dr ì,am;a l,ams¯u fukau"
úfoaY Kh mshùï o n,mEfõh' wLKavj mej;s
øjYS,;d ysÛh yuqfõ fj<|fmd<g øjYS,;dj
,nd°fï wruq◊ka" 2016 fkdjeïnr® ui wjidkfha
isg ia:djr moku u; NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ñ,°
.ekSu i|yd fjkafoais mj;ajk ,°' fï w;r" uy
nexl=j úiska m%d:ñl fj<|fmd< ;=< is≥ lrk
,o NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ñ,° .ekSï fya;=fjka o
foieïnr® udih ;=<° uqo,a fj<|fmd< øjYS,;dj
by< .sfhah' tA wkqj" 2016 jir wjidkh jkúg
foaYSh uqo,a fj<|fmdf<ys øjYS,;dj remsh,a
ì,shk 39'2 l w;s˙la; uÜgul mej;sfhah'
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska wkq.ukh lrk ,o
uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh ±ä ls¯fï l%shdudr®. iy foaYSh
uqo,a fj<|fmd< ;=< meje;s ysÛ øjYS,;d ;;a;ajh
i|yd m%;spdr olajñka wka;r® nexl= tAlaIK uqo,a
fj<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;sl 2016 jifr® ° by<
.sfhah' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska 2016 ckjd˙
udifha isg n,meje;afjk m˙† jHjia:dms;
ixÑ; wkqmd;h by< kexùu iy 2016 fmnrjd˙
udifha ° m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< kexùu
fya;=fjka 2015 wjidkfha ° ishhg 6'40 l
meje;s n˙; idudkH tAlaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slh
2016 fmnrjd˙ ui wjidkh jk úg ishhg 7'50
olajd by< .sfhah' 2016 udr®;= ui wjidkh jk
úg fj<|fmdf<ys øjYS,;d uÜgu my< hEug
m%;spdr olajñka" n˙; idudkH tAlaIK uqo,a
wkqmd;slh m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl fld˙fvdafõ

7'2 ixLHd igyk

f;dard.;a uqo,a fj<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;sl
jdr®Isl fmd,S wkqmd;slh ishhg

n˙; idudkH tAlaIK uqo,a tla†k újg fj<|fmd< YS% ,xld wka;r® nexl= wr®mK YS% ,xld wka;r® nexl= wr®mK

7
wkqmd;slh fjkafoaish wkqmd;slh ^tla †k& wkqmd;slh ^udi 12&
ld,m˙Éf√oh udisl m%;sñ,° ld,m˙Éf√oh udisl ld,m˙Éf√oh udisl
m%;súl=Kqï
w. idudkHh .ekqï w. idudkHh w. idudkHh
foie'-13 7.66 7.73 6.98 - 7.76 7.80 11.09 11.39

foie'-14 6.21 6.01 5.91 - 6.10 6.02 7.15 7.12

foie'-15 6.40 6.35 6.14 - 6.40 6.36 7.66 7.68

udr®'-16 8.09 7.81 - 7.90 8.10 7.81 10.12 9.78

cqks-16 8.20 8.18 - 7.97 8.20 8.19 10.96 10.85

iema'-16 8.42 8.41 - 8.50 8.44 8.42 11.98 11.99

foie'-16 8.42 8.41 7.43 - 8.44 8.43 12.00 12.00

uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

236
 uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh

7'3 rEm igyk l%ñlj by< .sfhah' foaYSh uqo,a fj<|fmd<

YS% ,xld wka;¾ nexl= w¾mK wkqmd;slj, yeisßu fj; øjYS,;dj ,nd°u u.ska uqo,a fj<|fmd<
15
fmd,S wkqmd;sl ia:dhSj mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd uy
14
nexl=j úiska 2016 jifr® fndfyda wjia:dj,°
13
tla†k m%;súl=Kqï fjkafoais mj;ajk ,°' újg
12
11 fj<|fmd< m%;súl=Kqï fjkafoaisj,g w∞< n˙;
ishhg

10 idudkH M,∞ wkqmd;sl 2016 ckjd˙ ui ueo

9
8
jk úg jdr®;d jQ ishhg 6'61 yd iei£fï ° 2016
7 fkdjeïnr® ui wjidkh jk úg ishhg 8'50 olajd
6
5
by< .sfhah'
ck' 13
fmn' 13
ud¾;= 13
uehs 13
cqks 13
cq,s 13
iema' 13
Tla' 13
foie' 13
ck' 14
fmn' 14
wfm%a' 14
uehs 14
cq,s 14
wf.da' 14
iema' 14
fkdje' 14
foie' 14
fmn' 15
ud¾;=' 15
wfm%a' 15
cqks' 15
cq,s' 15
iema' 15
Tla' 15
fkdje' 15
ck' 16
fmn' 16
wfm%a' 16
uehs' 16
cqks 16
wf.da' 16
iema' 16
Tla' 16
foie' 16
rcfha iq/l=ïm;a u; M,od wkqmd;sl
úfYaI ks;H ;ekam;= tla Èk Èk 7 jifr® fojk Nd.h jk úg l%ufhka ukao.dó
myiqlï ld,
mßÉfþoh ùula olakg ,enqK o rcfha iq/l=ïm;a u; M,∞
udi 1 udi 3 udi 6 wkqmd;sl 2016 jifr® by< hEfï m%jK;djla
fmkakqï lf<ah' wruqo,a i|yd rcfha b,aÆu
udi 12 uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j by< hEu" rch fj; úfoaY uQ,H m%jdy ,eîu
m%udo ùu fukau" uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh ±ä ls¯fï
by< iSudj blaujd 2016 wfm%a,a ui m<uq jk i;sh l%shdudr®.j, n,mEu ms<sìUq lrñka" 2016 jifr®
jk úg ishhg 8'15 olajd ;j≥rg;a by< .sfhah' m<uq ldr®;=j ;=< NdKavd.dr ì,am;a fj<|fmd<
fmd,S wkqmd;sl ia:dhSj mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd M,∞ wkqmd;slj, by< hEfï m%jK;djla olakg
uy nexl=j úiska mj;ajkq ,enQ újg fj<|fmd< ,enq◊' tA wkqj" †k 91" †k 182 iy †k 364
lghq;= fya;=fjka 2016 cQ,s udih jk f;la n˙; NdKavd.dr ì,am;a i|yd jQ n˙; idudkH M,od
idudkH tAlaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slh ishhg 8'15 - 8'24 wkqmd;sl" 2015 jir wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ uÜgug
w;r uÜgfï mej;sK' 2016 cQ,s udifha ° m%;sm;a;s idfmalaIj 2016 udr®;= ui wjidkh jkúg"
fmd,S wkqmd;sl fojk j;djg;a by< kexùu ms<sfj<ska" mokï wxl 245 lska" mokï wxl 293 lska
fya;=fjka n˙; idudkH tAlaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slh iy mokï wxl 334 lska" ms<sfj<ska" ishhg 8'90"
by< f.dia ishhg 8'40 uÜgfï ia:dhSj mej;sK' ishhg 9'76 iy ishhg 10'64 olajd by< .sfhah'
2016 jir wjidkh jk úg n˙; idudkH tAlaIK fï w;r" rdcH uQ,H tAld.%;d jevigyk iy
uqo,a wkqmd;slh ishhg 8'42 la olajd mokï wxl cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,a úia;Sr®K Kh myiqlu
202 lska by< .sfhah' 2017 ckjd˙ udifha ° uqo,a
7'4 rEm igyk
fj<|fmd< øjYS,;dj by< hEu;a iuÛ n˙;
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a i|yd
idudkH tAlaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slh 2017 ckjd˙
m%d:ñl fj<|fmd< M,od wkqmd;sl ^w&
ui wjidkh jk úg lsishï ≥rlg wvq jqj o"
14
m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< kexùu;a iuÛ 2017
udr®;= ui wjidkh jkúg by< .sfhah' tA wkqj"
13

2017 udr®;= ui wjidkh jk úg n˙; idudkH 12

7
tAlaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slh ishhg 8'75 la úh' fï 11

w;r" Y%S ,xld wka;r® nexl= wr®mK wkqmd;sl o 10

ishhg

2016 jir ;=<° by< .sfhah' tA wkqj" tla †k iy 9

8
tla wjqre≥ Y%S ,xld wka;r® nexl= wr®mK wkqmd;sl"
7
2015 jir wjidkfha meje;s ishhg 6'40 iy
6
ishhg 7'66 yd idfmalaIj 2016 wjidkh jk úg"
5
ms<sfj<ska" ishhg 8'44 iy ishhg 12'00 la úh'
ck'-12
wfm%a'-12
wf.da'-12
fkdje'-12
ud¾;=-13
cQks-13
Tla'-13
ck'-14
uehs-14
wf.da'-14
foie'-14
ud¾;=-15
cq,s-15
Tla'-15
ck'-16
uehs-16
wf.da'-16
foie'-16

;jo" m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;slj, fjkiaùï iy

fj<|fmd< øjYS,;d uÜgï i|yd m%;spdr olajñka
†k 91 †k 182 †k 364
ffoksl újg fj<|fmd< fjkafoais i|yd w∞< ^w& we;eï i;s i|yd M,∞ uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
jk n˙; idudkH fmd,S wkqmd;sl 2016 jifr® ° wkqmd;sl jdr®;d fkdfõ'

237
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
,eîu rcfha iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmd< ;=< ys;lr
fj<|fmd< wfmalaId we;s ls¯ug fya;= úh' 2016
wfm%a,a udifha isg rcfha iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmd<
fj; úfoaY Y=oaO uQ,H ,eîï iuÛ rcfha
iq/l=ïm;a i|yd jk M,∞ wkqmd;sl u; jQ mSvkh
hï;dla ≥rlg iukh úh' 2016 wfm%a,a yd cQ,s w;r
ld,h ;=< NdKavd.dr ì,am;a M,∞ wkqmd;slj,
lsishï jeäùula fmkakqï l<o" iuia;hla f,i
fuu ld,h ;=< m%d:ñl fj<|fmd< ;=< M,∞
wkqmd;sl ia:djrj mej;s◊' fï w;r" 2016
cQ,s udih ;=< oijk cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj
ne∫ïlrh idr®:lj ksl=;a ls¯u fya;=fjka
t'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 1'5 l †.=ld,Sk uQ,H m%jdy
,eîu iy t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 700 l tAldnoaO
Kh myiqlï ,eîu fya;=fjka rcfha iq/l=ïm;a
M,∞ wkqmd;sl u; jQ mSvkh ;j≥rg;a iukh
úh' 2016 cQ,s udifha ° m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl
by< kexùu;a iuÛ M,∞ wkqmd;sl kej;;a
by< .sfhah' flfia fj;;a" rdcH uQ,H wxYfha
is≥jQ jr®Okh iy úfoaY uQ,H ,eîïj, m%;sM,hla
f,i 2016 wf.daia;= ui wjidkfha isg NdKavd.dr
ì,am;a M,∞ wkqmd;slj, my< hEula is≥ jqj o"
foieïnr® udih jk úg M,∞ wkqmd;slj, iqΩ
by< hEula fmkakqï lf<ah' tA wkqj" 2016 udr®;=
ui w. yd iei£fï ° 2016 jir wjidkh jk
úg †k 91" †k 182 iy †k 364 NdKavd.dr ì,am;a
i|yd jk M,∞ wkqmd;sl" ms<sfj<ska" mokï wxl
18 lska" mokï wxl 13 lska iy mokï wxl 47 lska
ishhg 8'72" ishhg 9'63 iy ishhg 10'17 olajd wvq
úh'
†.=ld,Sk m˙K; ld,hla iys; rcfha
iq/l=ïm;a u; M,∞ wkqmd;sl o 2016 jir
;=<° by< hEfï m%jK;djla fmkakqï lf<ah'
m%d:ñl fj<|fmd< ;=< NdKavd.dr ì,am;a M,∞
wkqmd;slj, yeis¯u wkqj hñka yd rcfha by<
wruqo,a wjYH;dj fyaa;=fjkaa 2016 jifr® m<uq
7
ldr®;=j ;=< NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr M,∞ wkqmd;sl
ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< .sfhah' fuu ld, iSudj
;=<° rch úiska wruqo,a imhd .ekSu i|yd flá iy
ue†ld,Sk ne∫ïlr jeä jYfhka ksl=;a lrk ,o
w;r" flá yd ue†ld,Sk Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr o
ksl=;a lrk ,°' jir y;rl m˙K; ld,hla
i|yd jQ NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr i|yd jk m%d:ñl
fj<|fmd< M,∞ wkqmd;slh 2015 jir wjidkfha °
mej;s ishhg 8'91 isg 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg
ishhg 11'94 f;la by< .sfhah' úúO m˙K; ld,
iys; wfkl=;a NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr M,∞ wkqmd;sl o
238
fuhg iudk m%jK;djla fmkakqï lf<ah' mia
wjqre≥ NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr M,∞ wkqmd;slh" 2015
jifr® wjidkh jk úg jdr®;d jQ ishhg 9'79 isg
2016 wfm%a,a ui wjidkh jk úg ishhg 13'00 l
by<u w.hla jdr®;d l< o" miqj lsishï ukao.dó
ùfï iajNdjhla fmkakqï lrñka 2016 jir
wjidkfha ° ishhg 11'76 la f,i jdr®;d jQ w;r
iuia; jir ;=< th mokï wxl 197 l by< hEuls'
oi wjqre≥ NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlrj,g w∞< n˙;
idudkH M,∞ wkqmd;sl 2015 jir wjidkfha
meje;s ishhg 10'94 isg mokï wxl 117 lska by<
f.dia 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg ishhg 12'11 la
úh' 2016 m<uq Nd.h ;=<°" rch úiska jir 14 l
iy jir 25 l m˙K; ld,hla iys; NdKavd.dr
ne∫ïlr o ksl=;a lrk ,°'
m%d:ñl fj<|fmd< M,∞ wkqmd;slj,
yeis¯ug iudkj 2016 jir ;=< oaú;ShSl fj<|fmd<
;=< rcfha iq/l=ïm;a u; M,∞ wkqmd;sl o by<
.sfhah' 2016 jir ;=<° m˙K; ld, ;=kgu wh;a
NdKavd.dr ì,am;aj,g w∞< oaú;ShSl fj<|fmd<
M,∞ wkqmd;sl" mokï wxl 230 isg 306 olajd
by< hEula fmkakqï lf<ah' m˙K; ld,h jir
2-30 olajd jk NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr i|yd w∞<
oaú;ShSl fj<|fmd< M,∞ wkqmd;sl 2015 jir
wjidkfha ishhg 7'65 - 11'34 olajd jk mrdihl
meje;s w;r" tu wkqmd;sl 2016 jir wjidkh
jk úg ishhg 11'38 - 13'27 mrdihla olajd by<
.sfhah' M,∞ wkqmd;sl jHQyfha fuu by< hEu
i|yd rcfha by< wruqo,a wjYH;dj fukau" ±ä
uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh ia:djrh o fya;= úh'
7'5 rEm igyk
rcfha iq/l=ïm;a i|yd oaú;ShSl
fj<|fmd< M,od jl%h
14
13
12
11
ishhg
10
9
8
7
6
5
jir 1
jir 5
jir 10
jir 15
jir 20
jir 25
jir 30
2014 wjidkh 2015 wjidkh 2016 wjidkh
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
 uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh

;ekam;= iy Kh fmd,S wkqmd;sl nexl= úiska /ia lrk ,o ishÆu fmd,S Wmhk
±ä uqo,a ;;a;ajfhys n,mEu wfkl=;a kj ;ekam;=j,g w∞< fmd,S wkqmd;slj, yeis¯u
fj<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;sl olajd iïfm%aIKh ms<sìUq lrkq ,nk n˙; idudkH kj ;ekam;=
ùu ms<sìUq lrñka jd◊c nexl= úiska ;ekam;= fmd,S wkqmd;slh" 2015 foieïnr® ui wjidkfha °
i|yd f.jkq ,nk fmd,S wkqmd;sl 2016 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ ishhg 6'96 isg 2016 foieïnr® ui
wLKavj by< .sfhah' 2016 jifr® ° ;ekam;= fmd,S wjidkh jk úg ishhg 11'17 olajd mokï wxl
wkqmd;sl by< hEu u.ska uQ,H wdh;kj, wruqo,a 421 lska by< .sfhah' tfukau" udihla ;=< jd◊c
ms˙jeh by< hEu o ms<sìUq lrhs' tA wkqj" jd◊c nexl= úiska /ia lrk ,o fmd,S Wmhk kj ld,Sk
nexl= fj;e;s ishÆu fmd,S Wmhk ;ekam;=jg ;ekam;=j,g w∞< n˙; idudkH kj ia:djr
w∞< fmd,S wkqmd;slj, yeis¯u fmkakqï lrkq ;ekam;= wkqmd;slh o" 2015 jir wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ
,nk n˙; idudkH ;ekam;= wkqmd;slh 2015 jir ishhg 7'13 isg 2016 foieïnr® ui wjidkh jk
wjidkfha meje;s ishhg 6'20 isg 2016 wjidkh úg ishhg 11'44 olajd mokï wxl 431 lska by<
jk úg ishhg 8'17 olajd mokï wxl 197 lska by< .sfhah' 2016 jir ;=<° WoaOukfha lsishï by<
.sfhah' fï w;r" jd◊c nexl= fj;e;s uyckhd hEula is≥ jqj o" ;ekam;= u; Ok uQr®; fmd,S
i;= ishÆu fmd,S Wmhk ld,Sk ;ekam;=j,g w∞< wkqmd;slhla meje;Su fya;=fjka ;ekam;alrejkag
n˙; idudkH ia:djr ;ekam;= wkqmd;slh o 2015 ish ;ekam;= u; wLKavj m%;s,dN w;alr .ekSug
wjidkfha meje;s ishhg 7'57 isg 2016 wjidkh yels úh'
jk úg ishhg 10'46 olajd mokï wxl 289 lska iEu jirla wjidkfha°u uqo,a uKav,h úiska
by< .sfhah' jir ;=<°" úfYaIfhkau" udi ;=k ;SrKh lrkq ,en rcfha .eiÜ m;%fhys m%ldYhg
iy tla wjqre≥ fláld,Sk ia:ßr ;ekam;=j,g w∞< m;a lrkq ,nk ffk;sl fmd,S wkqmd;slh iy
fmd,S wkqmd;slj, ie,lsh hq;= jeä ùula fmkakqï fj<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;slh1 2016 jir i|yd jQ
lf<ah' fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< hEu iy uyck;dj ishhg 5'98 yd iei£fï ° 2017 jir i|yd ishhg
fj;ska ;ekam;= /ia lr .ekSu i|yd jd◊c nexl= 7'06 la úh' fuu fmd,S wkqmd;sl fmr udi f∞<y
úiska jeä jYfhka W;aidy ±¯fï m%;sM,hla i|yd jk ishÆu jd◊c nexl=j, n˙; idudkH
f,i 2016 jifr® ° ;ekam;= moku ie,lsh hq;= ;ekam;= wkqmd;slj, idudkH w.h u; mokïj
f,i by< .sfhah' tA wkqj" udihla ;=< jd◊c 2016 foieïnr® udifha ° .Kkh lr we;'
oeä uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ia:djrh" ysÛ øjYS,;d
7'6 rEm igyk
;;a;ajh iy ;ekam;= /ia ls¯u i|yd jQ
f;dard.;a fj<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;sl
;r.ld˙;ajh ;=<ska jeäjQ ;ekam;= wkqmd;sl
16 fya;=fjka wdr®:ßlfhys wruqo,a ms˙jeh by< hEu
ms<sìUq lrñka 2016 jir ;=<° jd◊c nexl= Kh fmd,S
14
wkqmd;sl by< .sfhah' 2016 jifr® ° fláld,Sk
12 fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< hEu ms<sìUq lrñka" jd◊c
nexl= úiska ish m%uqL .kqfokqlrejka fj; imhkq
ishhg

10
,nk Kh i|yd jk fmd,S wkqmd;sl u; mokïj
i;sm;d .Kkh lrkq ,nk n˙; idudkH m%uqL

7
8

6
Kh wkqmd;slh" 2015 jir wjidkfha meje;s
ishhg 7'53 yd idfmalaIj 2016 jir wjidkh
4
jk úg ishhg 11'52 olajd mokï wxl 399 lska
foie'-13
fmn'-14
wfm%a'-14
cqks-14
wf.da'-14
Tla'-14
foie'-14
fmn'-15
wfm%a'-15
cqks-15
wf.da'-15
Tla'-15

foie'-15
fmn'-16
wfma%'-16
cqks-16
wf.da'-16
Tla'-16
foie'-16

by< .sh w;r" udisl n˙; idudkH m%uqL Kh

udisl nß; nß; idudkH nß; idudkH 1 ffk;sl fmd,S wkqmd;slh 1990 wxl 6 ork isú,a kvq úOdk ix.%yh
idudkH m%uqL Kh Kh wkqmd;slh ;ekam;= ^ixfYdaOk& mkf;a ksr®jpkh lr we;s w;r th uqo,la whlr .ekSu
wkqmd;slh wkqmd;slh iïnkaOfhka jQ ´kEu kS;suh l%shdudr®.hl ° w∞< fõ' fj<|fmd< fmd,S
wkqmd;slh" 1990 wxl 2 ork Kh wdmiq whlr .ekSfï ^úfYaI úêúOdk&
nß; idudkH NdKavd.dr ì,am;a mkf;a ksr®jpkh lr we;s w;r" Kh fok wdh;k úiska jd◊cuh
ia:djr ;ekam;= M,od wkqmd;slh .kqfokqjla iïnkaOfhka jQ remsh,a 150"000 lg jvd jeä jQ Khla whlr
wkqmd;slh ^Èk 91& .ekSfï ° tA i|yd tlÛ jQ fmd,S wkqmd;slhla fkdue;s úgl fuu
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j fj<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;slh w∞< fõ'

239
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

wkqmd;slh 2015 jir wjidkfha meje;s ishhg 7'8 rEm igyk

7'40 yd idfmalaIj 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg nß; idudkH ;ekam;= wkqmd;slh iy nß;
ishhg 11'73 olajd mokï wxl 433 lska by< idudkH Kh wkqmd;slh w;r mr;rh
.sfhah' jd◊c nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj; 20 8
imhk ,o ishÆu Kh iy w;a;sldrïj,g w∞< 18
7
n˙; idudkH Kh fmd,S wkqmd;slh" 2015 jir 16
6
wjidkfha meje;s ishhg 11'00 yd idfmalaIj 2016 14
5
jir wjidkh jk úg ishhg 13'20 olajd mokï 12

ishhg

ishhg
wxl 220 lska by< .sfhah' jifr® wjidk ldr®;=j 10 4

;=<° by< hEfï m%jK;djfhys iqΩ wvqùula 8

3
6
olakg ,enqK o n˙; idudkH ;ekam;= wkqmd;slh 2
4
iy n˙; idudkH Kh wkqmd;slh w;r mr;rh 1
2
2016 jir ;=<° by< hEula fmkakqï lf<ah' fï
0 0
w;r" jd◊c nexl= wkqj jr®.SlrKh lrk ,o

foie'-12
fmn'-13
wfm%a'-13
cqks-13
wf.da'-13
Tla-13
foie'-13
fmn'-14
wfm%a'-14
cqks-14
wf.da'-14
Tla'-14
foie'-14
fmn'-15
wfm%a'-15
cqks-15
wf.da'-15
Tla'-15
foie'-15
fmn'-16
wfm%a'-16
cqks-16
wf.da'-16
Tla'-16
foie'-16
n˙; idudkH Kh fmd,S wkqmd;sl" 2015 jir
wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ ishhg 7'82 - 13'35 mrdih yd nß; idudkH Kh nß; idudkH fmd,S wkqmd;sl
idfmalaIj 2016 jir wjidkfha ° ishhg 10'12 wkqmd;slh ;ekam;= wkqmd;slh mr;rh
^ol=Kq wCIh&
- 15'66 w;r mrdihla olajd by< .sfhah' 2016
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
jir ;=< ° ishÆu iq/l=ï u; jk Kh fmd,S
wkqmd;sl o by< .sfhah' úfYaIfhkau" úúO
iq/l=ï u; jk fmd,S wkqmd;sl tla tla m%udKfhka uil ld,hla ;=< jd◊c nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl
by< .sh w;r" fldgia" ne∫ïlr" Khlr" „ú; wxYhg imhk ,o kj Kh iy w;a;sldrïj,g
rlaIK Tmamqj, uQ,H jákdlu we;=Ωj wfkl=;a w∞< n˙; idudkH kj Kh wkqmd;slh 2015
iq/l=ï" Wlia ls¯ï hgf;a r;arka iy wfkl=;a foieïnr® udih wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ ishhg 10'79
jákd f,day" ia:djr" b;s˙ls¯ï iy wfkl=;a isg 2016 foieïnr® ui wjidkh jk úg ishhg
;ekam;=" ksYap, foam<" hka;% iy WmlrK hkd° 14'37 olajd mokï wxl 358 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i
iq/l=ï u; jQ Kh iy w;a;sldrïj,g w∞< fmd,S by< .sfhah'
wkqmd;sl ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< .sfhah' ;jo"
idx.ñl Kh WmlrK u; fmd,S wkqmd;sl
7'7 rEm igyk
2016 jir ;=< idx.ñl Kh WmlrK u; fmd,S
iq/l=ï j¾.h wkqj jd‚c nexl=j,
nß; idudkH Kh wkqmd;sl ^ishhg&
wkqmd;sl wfkl=;a fj<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;sl yd
iudkj by< hEfï m%jK;djla fmkakqï lf<ah'
fldgia" ne∫ïlr" Khlr"
„ú; rlaIK Tmamqj, uQ,H tA wkqj" úYd, iud.ï úiska fláld,Sk Kh
jákdlu we;=Ωj
,nd.ekSfï ° Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,nk WmlrKhla
20

iq/l=ï rys; 16 ia:djr" b;s˙ls¯ï jk jd◊c m;%sldj,g w∞< fmd,S wkqmd;sl" 2015
iy wfkl=;a
12 ;ekam;= jifr® ° jdr®;d lrk ,† ishhg 7'00 - 12'00 olajd
8 mrdihg idfmalaIj ishhg 8'70 - 14'80 olajd by<
.sfhah' tfukau" 2016 jir ;=<° jir 2 isg 10

7
4
Wlia ls¯ï
hgf;a r;arka 0 ksYap, foam<"
olajd jk m˙K; ld,iSud iys;j ksl=;a lrk ,o
iy wfkl=;a hka;% iy
jákd f,day WmlrK
,ehsia;=.; Khlr ksl=;= 18 la jdr®;d úh' fuhska
nyq;rhla Khlr ksl=;= ia:djr fmd,S wkqmd;sl
hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o tAjd jQ w;r" úp,H fmd,S
g%elagr® we;=Ωj fm!oa.,sl wemlr
iy fmdfrdka≥
wkqmd;sl hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o Khlr ksl=;=
fudagr® r:
l,an≥ iy
fkdaÜgq lsysmhla o jdr®;d úh' ia:djr fmd,S wkqmd;sl
l=,Smsg .ekqï
.súiqï
hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o Khlr i|yd jQ fmd,S
wkqmd;sl 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 7'60
2015 foieïn¾ 2016 foieïn¾ -12'00 w;r mrdih yd iei£fï ° 2016 jir jk
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
úg ishhg 9'60 - 13'75 w;r mrdihl mej;s◊'

240
 uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh

7'3 ixLHd igyk úfoaY úksuh ;ekam;= u; jk fmd,S wkqmd;sl

fmd,S wkqmd;slj, yeisÍu
cd;Hka;r fmd,S wkqmd;slj, is≥jQ
jdr®Isl fmd,S wkqmd;slh ishhg
2015 2016 fjkiaùïj,g m%;spdr olajñka jd◊c nexl=j,

fmd,S wkqmd;slh wjidkhg wjidkhg mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk úfoaY úksuh ;ekam;=
m%;ms ;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl
i|yd w∞< jk fmd,S wkqmd;sl 2016 jifr® °
ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd;slh 6.00 7.00
ks;H Kh myiqlï wkqmd;slh 7.50 8.50 iqΩ jYfhka by< .sfhah' weu˙ld tlai;a
n˙; idudkH tAlI a K uqo,a wkqmd;slh 6.40 8.42 ckmo fµvr,a ixÑ; nexl=j úiska 2015 jir
rcfha iq/l=ïm;a u; M,∞ wkqmd;sl
m%d:ñl fj<|fmd< ^w& wjidkfha ° fukau" 2016 jir wjidkfha °
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a b,lal.; fµvr,a wruqo,a wkqmd;h by< ±óu
†k 91 6.45 8.72
†k 182 6.83 9.63 Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaY úksuh ;ekam;= wkqmd;sl by<
†k 364 7.30
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr
10.17 kexùug fya;= úh' ;jo" úfoaY úksuh ;ekam;=
jir 2 6.70 11.04 wdmiq .ekSfï ° mkjd ;snQ fldkafoais ,sys,a
jir 3 8.18 11.62
jir 4 8.91 11.94 ls¯u iy l=vd m˙udK wdfhdaclhka yg Y%S ,xld
jir 5 9.79 11.76
jir 10 10.94 12.11
ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlrj, wdfhdackh ls¯ug wjia:dj
oaú;ShlS fj<|fmd< ie,iSu" úfoaY úksuh ;ekam;= i|yd w∞< jk
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a
†k 91 6.39 8.69 fmd,S wkqmd;sl jir ;=<° by< kexùu i|yd
†k 182 6.66 9.60
†k 364 7.11 10.17
jd◊c nexl= fm<Uùug ;rula ≥rg fya;= ù we;'
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr tA wkqj" t'c' fvd,r®j,ska mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk
jir 2 7.65 11.38
jir 3 8.96 11.80 b;s˙ ls¯fï ;ekam;= i|yd f.jkq ,nk fmd,S
jir 4 9.42 12.04
jir 5 9.63 12.18 wkqmd;sl" 2015 jir wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ ishhg
jir 10 10.41 12.55 0'02 - 3'00 mrdih yd iei£fï ° 2016 jir wjidkh
n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= ^wd&
;ekam;= fmd,S wkqmd;sl jk úg ishhg 0'02 - 3'62 mrdihla olajd by<
b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;= 0.50-8.00 0.50-9.00 .sfhah' t'c' fvd,r®j,ska mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk
tla wjqre≥ ia:djr ;ekam;= ^we& 3.95-15.00 4.50-15.00
n˙; idudkH ;ekam;= wkqmd;slh 6.20 8.17 ld,Sk ;ekam;= i|yd f.jkq ,nk fmd,S wkqmd;sl
n˙; idudkH ia:djr ;ekam;= wkqmd;slh 7.57 10.46
n˙; idudkH kj ;ekam;= wkqmd;slh 6.96 11.17 2015 jir wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ ishhg 0'14 - 4'25
Kh fmd,S wkqmd;sl mrdih yd iei£fï ° 2016 jir wjidkh jk
n˙; idudkH m%uL q Kh fmd,S wkqmd;slh 7.40 11.73
n˙; idudkH Kh fmd,S wkqmd;slh 11.00 13.20 úg ishhg 0'15 - 5'00 mrdihla olajd by< .sfhah'
n˙; idudkH kj Kh fmd,S wkqmd;slh 10.79 14.37
wfkl=;a uQ,H wdh;k ^wE& fï w;r" 2015 jir wjidkfha ° ishhg 0'05 -
;ekam;= fmd,S wkqmd;sl 2'25 mrdihl meje;s iagr®,ska mjqïj,ska mj;ajd
cd;sl b;s˙ls¯fï nexl=j
b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;= 5.00 4.25 f.k hkq ,nk b;s˙ ls¯fï ;ekam;= i|yd f.jkq
tla wjqre≥ ia:djr ;ekam;= 7.25 11.00
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï ^b& ,nk fmd,S wkqmd;sl" 2016 jir wjidkh jk
b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;= 4.98-6.77 5.38-7.74 úg ishhg 0'05 - 2'01 mrdihl mej;s◊' iagr®,ska
tla wjqre≥ ia:djr ;ekam;= 9.34-10.68 12.13-14.06
Kh fmd,S wkqmd;sl mjqïj,ska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk ld,Sk ;ekam;=
cd;sl b;s˙ls¯fï nexl=j ^b& 9.00-14.00 9.75-15.00
rdcH Wlia yd wdfhdack nexl=j ^B& 7.07-13.50 10.50-20.00
i|yd jk fmd,S wkqmd;sl o 2016 jir wjidkfha °
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï ^b& ishhg 0'25 - 4'02 mrdihla olajd iqΩ jYfhka
uQ,H l,an≥ 15.28-24.05 17.48-25.97
l=,mS gs .ekqï 18.20-20.38 17.51-22.65 by< .sh w;r" 2015 jir wjidkfha ° tu fmd,S
ksYp a , foam< u; ,nd ≥ka Kh 20.00-22.00 19.12-20.80
wkqmd;sl ishhg 0'09 - 4'00 mrdihl mej;s◊'

7
idx.ñl Kh fj<|fmd<
Khlr 7.60-12.00 9.60-13.75
jd◊c m;%l s d 7.00-12.00 8.70-14.80
uQ,hka( fld<U fldgia yqjudrej 7'4 uqo,a iy Kh iuia;j, m%jK;d
w∞< uQ,H wdh;k
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^w& wdikak;u fjkafoaisfha ° ksl=;a l< n˙; idudkH M,od wkqmd;sl ixÑ; uqo,a
^wd& jd◊c nexl= úiska imhk ,o fmd,S wkqmd;sl u; mokï fõ'
^we& we;eï jdKsc nexl= úiska iemhQ úfYaI fmd,S wkqmd;sl fuys Wm˙u fmd,S ixÑ; uqo,a iemhqu fyj;a wdr®:ßlfha uqo,a
wkqmd;slh fõ'
^wE& f;dard.;a wfkl=;a uQ,H wdh;k úiska imhk ,o fmd,S wkqmd;sl u;
moku 2016 jir ;=<° by< w.hlska jr®Okh jQ
mokï fõ' w;r" th uy nexl=j fj;e;s jd◊c nexl= i;=
^b& fmd,S wkqmd;sl mrdihka n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï úiska foieïnr® udih
i|yd b†˙m;a lrk ,o Wm˙u idudkH iy wju idudkH fmd,S wkqmd;sl ;ekam;= m%udKfhys jdr®;d jQ ie,lsh hq;= by<
u; mokï fõ' tu ksid 2015 jir i|yd o;a; ixfYdaê; jk w;r 2016 hEu iy jHjydr uqo,a ixirKfhys is≥jQ by< hEu
jir i|yd o;a; ;djld,sl fõ'
^B& ksjdi lghq;= i|yd fok ,o Kh muKs' ;=<ska ms<sìUq úh' tA wkqj" jdr®Isl ,laIHuh moku

241
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

7'9 rEm igyk .ekqï .kqfokq yer& 2015 jir wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ
ixirKfhys mj;sk jHjydr uqo,a remsh,a ì,shk 79'2 yd iei£fï ° 2016 jir ;=<°
650 remsh,a ì,shk 330'0 olajd remsh,a ì,shk 250'8 lska

600 is≥jQ by< hEu fya;= úh' uy nexl=j úiska rch
550 fj; ,nd ≥ka ;djld,sl w;a;sldrï m%udKh" 2015
jir wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk 151'1 yd
remsh,a ì,shk

500

450 iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® m<uq udi tfld<y ;=<°

400
remsh,a ì,shk 184'6 l idudkHhla jdr®;d l< o"
350
foieïnr® udifha ° th remsh,a ì,shk 101'5 lska
300

250
wvq ùu;a iuÛ 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg remsh,a
200
ì,shk 83'3 olajd my< .sfhah' 2016 foieïnr® udih
ck'

fmn'

ud¾'

wfm%a'

uehs

cqks

cQ,s

wf.da'

iema'

Tla'

fkdje'

foie'
;=<° Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j fj; remsh,a ì,shk 100 l
2014 2015 2016 NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ksl=;a ls¯fuka ,o wruqo,a
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j Wmfhda.S lrf.k ;djld,sl w;a;sldrïj,ska
fldgila wdmiq f.ùu fï i|yd m%Odk jYfhkau
u; ixÑ; uqo,a jr®Okh" 2015 jir wjidkfha
fya;= úh' ;jo" uy nexl=fõ wfkl=;a Y=oaO j.lSï o
jdr®;d jQ ishhg 16'5 yd iei£fï° 2016 jir
remsh,a ì,shk 18'1 lska my< hEu fya;=fjka 2016
wjidkfha° ishhg 27'1 la olajd ;j≥rg;a by<
jir ;=<° uy nexl=j i;= Y=oaO foaYSh j;alïj,
.sfhah' 2016 jr®Ih ;=<°" ixÑ; uqo,a remsh,a ì,shk
wvx.= wfkl=;a whs;u remsh,a ì,shk 16'5 lska
856'1 olajd remsh,a ì,shk 182'7 lska ie,lsh hq;=
by< .sfhah' uqo,a fj<|fmd< ;=< mej;s ysÛ
f,i by< .sfhah' 2016 jir wdrïNfha ° jd◊c
øjYS,;d ;;a;ajh ms<sìUq lrñka uy nexl=fõ
nexl=j, ishÆ remsh,a ;ekam;= j.lSï i|yd w∞<
ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï hgf;a ;ekam;a lrk ,o
jk jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wkqmd;h by< kexùu
wruqo,a m%udKh wvq ùu fukau" jir ;=<° jdr®;d jQ
fya;=fjka uy nexl=j fj;e;s jd◊c nexl= i;=
cd;Hka;r ixÑ; m%;Hd.Kk w,dN uy nexl=fõ
;ekam;= m%udKh 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 303'3
wfkl=;a whs;u by< hEu i|yd m%Odk jYfhka
olajd remsh,a ì,shk 121'5 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i
fya;= úh' ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï hgf;a jd◊c
jr®Okh úh' fï w;r" fj<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;sl
nexl= úiska ;ekam;a lrk ,o wruqo,a m%udKh
by< hEu yuqfõ uqo,a <Û ;nd.ekSfï wdjia:ßl
2015 jir wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk 81'8
ms˙jeh jeäùu ms<sìUq lrñka ixirKfhys mj;sk
yd iei£fï ° 2016 fmnrjd˙ udifha ° remsh,a
jHjydr uqo,a m%idrKh ukao.dó úh' tA wkqj" 2015
ì,shk 47'7 la jQ w;r" foaYSh fj<|fmd< ;=<
jifr® jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk 74'8 l by< hEu
øjYS,;d ;;a;ajfha fjkialï ms<sìUq lrñka 2016
yd idfmaalaIj 2016 jifr® ° ixirKfhys mj;sk
udr®;= isg fkdjeïnr® olajd ld,m˙Éf√ofha ° tu
jHjydr uqo,a remsh,a ì,shk 61'1 lska muKla
;ekam;= m%udKh ;j≥rg;a remsh,a ì,shk 24'8 l
m%idrKh úh'
idudkHhla olajd my< .sfhah' flfia fj;;a" 2016
uy nexl= fYaI m;%fha j;alï wkqj i,ld foieïnr® udifha ° jdr®;d jQ øjYS,;d w;s˙la;h
ne,Sfï °" 2016 jir ;=<° ixÑ; uqo,a jr®Okh ms<sìUq lrñka ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï hgf;a

7
i|yd uy nexl=fõ Y=oaO foaYSh j;alï jr®Okh ;ekam;a lrk ,o ;ekam;= m%udKh 2016 foieïnr®
uqΩukskau ∞hl ù we;s w;r Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alï ui w. jk úg remsh,a ì,shk 48'7 olajd by<
wvq úh' uy nexl=fõ Y=oaO foaYSh j;alïj, 2015 .sfhah' ;jo cd;Hka;r ixÑ; m%;Hd.Kk w,dN
jifr® jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk 207'3 l by< hEu yd by< hEu i|yd 2016 jir ;=< RK Y=oaO úfoaYSh
iei£fï ° 2016 jir ;=<° remsh,a ì,shk 200'3 lska j;alï ;;a;ajhla ;=< remsh, wjm%udKh ùu
by< .sfhah' Y=oaO foaYSh j;alï ;=< we;=<;a uy m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' fï w;r" uy nexl=j i;=
nexl=j úiska rch fj; ,nd ≥ka Y=oaO Kh m%udKh" Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alï" 2015 jir wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ
2016 jir ;=<° remsh,a ì,shk 413'0 olajd remsh,a remsh,a ì,shk 576'2 yd iei£fï ° 2016 jir
ì,shk 183'1 lska by< .sh w;r" tA i|yd uy wjidkfha ° remsh,a ì,shk 558'6 olajd remsh,a
nexl=j i;= rcfha iq/l=ïm;a f;d.hfhys ^m%;sñ,† ì,shk 17'6 lska wvq jQ w;r" tA i|yd úfoaY uqo,a

242
 uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh

7'10 rEm igyk (M2b) w∞< uqo,a .=Klh 2015 ° jdr®;d jQ 6'78 yd
YS% ,xld uy nexl==j i;= NdKavd.dr ì,am;a f;d.h iy idfmalaIj 2016 jir wjidkfha † 6'31 la olajd
rchg ,nd ÿka ;djld,sl w;a;sldrï
wvq úh' jHjydr uqo,a yd ;ekam;= w;r wkqmd;h o
500 2015 jir wjidkfha ° jdr®;d l< 9'3 yd iei£fï °

450
2016 jir wjidkfha ° 8'6 olajd my< .sfhah' uqo,a
400
350
.=Klfha idudkHh o 2015 jifr® mej;s 6'73 isg
2016 jifr® ° 6'38 olajd my< .sfhah'
remsh,a ì,shk

300
250
200 mgq uqo,a iemhqu (M1)
150
100 fj<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< hk
50 jd;djrKhla ;=< fmd,S rys; uqo,a j;alï ;nd
0 .ekSfï wdjia:ßl ms˙jeh by< hEu iïnkaOj

foie'-16
ck'-10
wfm%a'-10
cQ,s-10
Tla'-10
ck'-11
wfm%a'-11
cQ,s-11
Tla'-11
ck-12
wfm%a'-12
cQ,s-12
Tla'-12
ck-13
wfm%a'-13
cQ,s-13
Tla'-13
ck'-14
wfm%a'-14
cQ,s-14
Tla'-14
ck-15
wfm%a'-15
cQ,s-15
Tla'-15
ck'-16
wfm%a'-16
cQ,s-16
Tla'-16
uyck;djf.a m%;spdrh ms<sìUq lrñka 2016
;djld,sl w;a;sldrï NdKavd.dr ì,am;a f;d.h
jir ;=<° mgq uqo,a jr®Okh wLKavj ukao.dó
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úh' uyckhd fj;e;s jHjydr uqo,a iy jd◊c
nexl=j, mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk uyckhd i;=
iy nexl= fYaI hgf;a jk úfoaY uQ,H j;alïj, b,aÆï ;ekam;=j,ska iukaú; mgq uqo,a iemhqfï
my< hEu fya;= úh' bka†hdkq ixÑ; nexl=j iy jdr®Isl ,laIHuh moku u; jr®Okh 2015 jir
wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=j jeks wfkl=;a uy nexl= wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ ishhg 16'8 yd idfmalaIj 2016
iy wka;r®cd;sl wdh;k fj;e;s j.lSïj, wvqùu jir wjidkfha ° ishhg 8'6 olajd ukao.dó úh'
fukau cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,a iómia: Kh 2016 jifr® m<uq Nd.fha jdr®;d jQ idudkH jr®Okh
myiqlï hgf;a jk j.lSï m%udKh my< hEu jk ishhg 14'2 yd iei|Sfï ° jifr® fojk Nd.h
fya;=fjka uy nexl=fõ uqΩ úfoaY j.lSï o 2016 ;=<° ishhg 9'6 la f,i mgq uqo,a iemhqfï jr®Okh
jir ;=<° wvq úh' jvd;a ;Sj% f,i ukao.dó ù we;s w;r" tA i|yd
jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wkqmd;fhys by< hEu mokï n,mEu fukau" tu ld,h ;=< fj<|fmd<
fya;=fjka jir ;=<° ixÑ; uqo,aj, jdr®;d jQ fmd,S wkqmd;slj, is≥jQ by< hEu fya;= ù we;'
by< jr®Okh ms<sìUq lrñka" mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqug mgq uqo,a iemhqfuys iuia; m%idrKh i|yd
ishhg 67 l muK ∞hl;ajhla olajñka uyckhd
7'11 rEm igyk fj;e;s jHjydr uqo,a fmr jifr® jdr®;d jQ
uqo,a iuia;j, jd¾Isl ,laIHuh j¾Okh ishhg 17'8 l jdr®Isl ,laIHuh jr®Okh yd
35
iei£fï ° 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg remsh,a
ì,shk 429'5 la olajd ishhg 10'7 lska jr®Okh

30
úh' fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< hEfï m%;sM,hla f,i
25
ixirKfha mj;sk jHjydr uqo,a jr®Okh ukao.dó
ishhg

20
úh' fï w;r" jd◊c nexl=j, mj;ajd f.k hkq
15 ,nk uyckhd i;= b,aÆï ;ekam;= 2015 jir

7
10 wjidkfha ° jdr®;d lrk ,o ishhg 15'6 l
5 jdr®Isl ,laIHuh jr®Okh yd iei£fï ° 2016
0
jir wjidkfha ° ishhg 6'2 lska jr®Okh úh'
tA wkqj" jd◊c nexl=j, mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk
-5
foie'-13
fmn'-14
wfm%a'-14
cqks-14
wf.da'-14
Tla'-14
foie'-14
fmn'-15
wfm%a'-15
cqks-15
wf.da'-15
Tla'-15
foie'-15
fmn'-16
wfm%a'-16
cqks-16
wf.da'-16
Tla'-16
foie'-16

uyckhd i;= b,aÆï ;ekam;= 2015 jir wjidkfha

mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 326'9 yd iei£fï ° 2016
ixÑ; uqo,a) M1 M2b M4
jir wjidkh jk úg remsh,a ì,shk 347'1 la
) 2016 ckjdß udifha isg ixÑ; uqo,aj, isÿjQ uQ,h ( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
ie,lsh hq;= by< hEu i|yd YS% ,xld uy úh' b,aÆï ;ekam;= ukao.dó f,i m%idrKh ùu
nexl=j úiska 2016 ckjdß 16ka wdrïN jk
ixÑ; ld,mßÉfþofha isg ls%hd;aul jk i|yd fmd,S Wmhk ;ekam;= i|yd ms˙kuk ,o
mßÈ jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wkqmd;h m%;sY;dxl
1'50 lska by< kexùu fya;= úh' by< fmd,S wkqmd;sl fya;= ù we;'

243
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

7'4 ixLHd igyk

uqo,a iuia;j, m%jK;d
remsh,a ì,shk
2015 2016 fjki
whs;uh wjidkhg wjidkhg 2015 2016
^w& ^wd& m%udKh ] m%udKh ]
1' iuia; jHjydr uqo,a tl;=j 491.7 552.8 74.8 17.9 61.1 12.4
1'1 uyckhd fj;e;s jHjydr uqo,a 388.1 429.5 58.6 17.8 41.4 10.7
1'2 jd◊c nexl= fj;e;s jHjydr uqo,a 103.6 123.3 16.2 18.5 19.6 18.9
2' uy nexl=j fj;e;s jd◊c nexl= ;ekam;= ^we& 181.7 303.3 20.7 12.9 121.5 66.9
3' uy nexl=j fj;e;s rdcH ksfhda‚; wdh;kj, ;ekam;= ^wE& … … ... ...
4' ixÑ; uqo,a (1 + 2 + 3) 673.4 856.1 95.5 16.5 182.7 27.1
5' jd◊c nexl= fj;e;s uyckhd i;= b,aÆï ;ekam;= 326.9 347.1 44.2 15.6 20.2 6.2
6' mgq uqo,a iemhqu" M1 (1.1 + 5) 715.0 776.6 102.8 16.8 61.6 8.6
7' uyckhd i;= jd◊c nexl= fj;e;s ld,Sk iy b;s˙ls¯fï
;ekam;= 3,342.2 4,046.9 493.8 17.3 704.7 21.1
8' mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqu" M2 (6 + 7) 4,057.2 4,823.6 596.7 17.2 766.3 18.9
9' .<mk ,o úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a ;ekam;= ^b& 508.7 582.0 93.4 22.5 73.3 14.4
10' tAldnoaO mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqu" M2b (8 + 9) 4,565.9 5,405.6 690.1 17.8 839.7 18.4

uqo,a .=Klh" M2b 6.78 6.31

ixirK m%fõ.h" M2b ^B& 2.62 2.40
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& uy nexl=j fj;e;s jd◊c nexl= ;ekam;= iy uy nexl=j fj;e;s m%d:ñl fj<∫kaf.a ;ekam;= we;=<;a fõ'
^wE& uy nexl=j fj;e;s rdcH ksfhda‚; wdh;kj, ;ekam;= 2015 jir wjidkfha ° remsh,a ñ,shk 5'1 la f,io" 2016 wjidkfha °
remsh,a ñ,shk 117'6 la f,io mej;=◊'
^b& wlafjr< nexl= tAllj, fkajdisl ;ekam;= iy foaYSh nexl= tAllj, úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a ;ekam;=j,ska foaYSh j.lSï f,i
y∫kd.;a fldgila we;=<;a fõ'
^B& jir i|yd idudkHh'

mqΩ¿,a uqo,a iemhqu (M2b) iy foaYSh Kh ;ekam;= i|yd ms˙kukq ,nk fmd,S wkqmd;sl by<
hEfï n,mEu iy wruqo,a wdlr®IKh lr.ekSu
m%Odk jYfhka rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl hk
i|yd jd◊c nexl= úiska is≥ lrk ,o ;r.ld¯
fowxYhgu imhk ,o Kh m%idrKh fya;=fjka
wf,úlrK m%jr®Okfhys n,mEu ms<sìUq lrñka"
mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqu 2016 jir ;=<° wLKavj
by< wkqmd;slhlska jr®Okh úh' 2015 jir 7'12 rEm igyk
wjidkfha ° ishhg 17'8 l w.hla jdr®;d l< mq¿,a uqo,aj, ^M2b& jd¾Isl ,CIHuh
mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqfï jdr®Isl ,laIHuh jr®Okh" fjki i|yd ;=vq ÿka idOl ^j;alï wkqj&
2016 fmnrjd˙ udifha ° ishhg 19'8 la f,i by< 1,400
w.hla jdr®;d lrk ,o w;r" 2016 foieïnr® ui

1,200
wjidkh jk úg th ishhg 18'4 la olajd ukao.dó 1,000

úh' 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg 15'2 yd iei£fï ° 800

remsh,a ì,shk

2016 jir ;=<° mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqfï idudkH 600

jr®Okh ishhg 18'1 la úh' 2016 jir ;=< mqΩ,a 400

7
uqo,a iemhqfï m%idrKh i|yd ishhg 92 l muK 200

0
∞hl;ajhla imhñka nexl= moaO;sh i;= Y=oaO
-200
foaYSh j;alï by< hEu m%Odk jYfhka fya;= jQ -400
w;r" nexl= moaO;sh i;= Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alï o -600
jir ;=<° by< .sfhah' -800
foie'-13
fmn'-14
wfm%a'-14
cqks-14
wf.da'-14
Tla'-14
foie'-14
fmn'-15
wfm%a'-15
cqks-15
wf.da'-15
Tla'-15
foie'-15
fmn'-16
wfm%a'-16
cqks-16
wf.da'-16
Tla'-16
foie'-16

mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqfuys j.lSï wxYfhka .;a

l," 2016 jir ;=<° uqo,a m%idrKh i|yd jd◊c Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alï rchg ,ndÿka rdcH ixia:d i|yd
nexl=j, mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk uyckhd i;= Kh ^Y=oaO& ,ndÿka Kh

ld,Sk yd b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;=j, jr®Okh jeä fm!oa.,sl wxYhg wfkl=;a whs;u ^Y=oaO&
,ndÿka Kh
∞hl;ajhla ±laùh' fmd,S Wmhk b;s˙ls¯ï uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

244
 uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh

7'5 ixLHd igyk

ixÑ; uqo,a iy mqΩ¿,a uqo,a ^M2b& iemhqfuys j;alï wxYh
remsh,a ì,shk
fjki
whs;uh 2015 2016
2015 2016
wjidkhg ^w& wjidkhg ^wd&
m%udKh ] m%udKh ]

ixÑ; uqo,a 673.4 856.1 95.5 16.5 182.7 27.1

uy nexl=fõ Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alï 576.2 558.6 -111.8 -16.3 -17.6 -3.1
uy nexl=fõ Y=oaO foaYh
S j;alï 97.2 297.6 207.3 -188.3 200.3 206.0
mqΩ,a uqo,a ^M2b& 4,565.9 5,405.6 690.1 17.8 839.7 18.4
Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alï -298.2 -231.2 -313.3 -2,071.2 66.9 22.4
uqo,a wêld¯ka 576.2 558.6 -111.8 -16.3 -17.6 -3.1
jd◊c nexl= -874.3 -789.8 -201.5 -29.9 84.5 9.7
Y=oaO foaYSh j;alï 4,864.1 5,636.8 1,003.4 26.0 772.8 15.9
foaYSh Kh 5,732.0 6,671.7 1,091.9 23.5 939.6 16.4
rcfha Kh .ekSï ^Y=oaO& 1,759.5 1,972.1 323.6 22.5 212.6 12.1
uy nexl=j 229.9 413.0 80.3 53.6 183.1 79.6
jd◊c nexl= 1,529.6 1,559.1 243.3 18.9 29.6 1.9
rdcH ixia:dj,g fok ,o Kh 523.0 495.1 76.9 17.2 -27.9 -5.3
fm!oa.,sl wxYhg fok ,o Kh 3,449.6 4,204.4 691.4 25.1 754.9 21.9
wfkl=;a whs;u ^Y=oaO& ^we& -868.0 -1,034.8 -88.5 -11.4 -166.9 -19.2
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& wfkl=;a whs;u j;alï iy wfkl=;a whs;u j.lSï w;r fjki u`.ska .Kkh lrkq ,efí'

mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqfï jdr®Isl ,laIHuh jr®Okh
i|yd ld,Sk yd b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;=j, 2015
jifr®° ishhg 85 la jQ ∞hl;ajh 2016 jifr® °
ishhg 93 olajd by< .sfhah' tA wkqj" uyckhd
i;= jd◊c nexl=j, mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk ld,Sk
yd b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;=j, 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ
remsh,a ì,shk 587'2 l by< hEu yd iei£fï °
2016 jir ;=<° ishhg 20'2 l jdr®Isl ,laIHuh
jr®Okhla jdr®;d lrñka remsh,a ì,shk 778'0 lska
by< .sfhah' fï w;r" uyckhd i;= jd◊c
nexl=j, mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk b,aÆï ;ekam;=
jdr®Isl ,laIHuh moku u; 2015 jir wjidkfha
jdr®;d l< ishhg 15'6 yd iei£fï ° 2016 jir
;=<° ishhg 6'2 l wvq fõ.hlska jr®Okh úh'
mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqfï j;alï wxYh ie,l+ úg"
jd◊c nexl= i;= Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alïj, is≥ jQ
remsh,a ì,shk 313'3 l ie,lsh hq;= wvq ùu yd
iei£fï° nexl= wxYfha Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alï 2016
jir ;=<° remsh,a ì,shk 66'9 lska by< .sfhah'
flfia fj;;a" 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ remsh,a
ì,shk 111'8 l ie,lsh hq;= wvq ùu yd iei£fï °
uy nexl=j i;= Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alï m%udKh
2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 17'6 lska ;j≥rg;a
wvq úh' úfoaY m%d.aOk wruqo,a msg;g we° hk
jd;djrKh ;=< uy nexl=j úiska foaYSh úfoaY
úksuh fj<|fmd< ;=< úfoaY úksuh wf,ú ls¯u
fï i|yd m%Odk jYfhka fya;= ù we;s w;r" th
uy nexl=fõ úfoaY ixÑ; uÜgï wvq ùu i|yd o
fya;= ù we;' uy nexl=j i;= úfoaY uqo,a yd nexl=
fYaI wvqùu ;=<ska úfoaYSh j;alïj, my< hEu
ms<sìUq jk w;r" 2016 fmnrjd˙ ui 17 jeks †k
isg n,meje;afjk m˙† cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,a

m%idrKh fya;=fjka nexl= wxYfha Y=oaO úfoaYSh
j;alï 2016 jir ;=<° by< hEula jdr®;d jQ w;r" th
fmr jifrys olakg ,enqKq m%jK;dj fjkia ùuls'
2016 jifr® m<uq Nd.h ;=<° remsh,a ì,shk 193'8 l
wvqùula jdr®;d lrñka nexl= wxYfha Y=oaO úfoaYSh
j;alï wLKavj my< .sfhah' flfia fj;;a"
jd◊c nexl= i;= Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alïj, is≥jQ
jr®Okh fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® fojk Nd.h ;=<°
Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alï wvqùfï m%jK;dj fjkia
úh' tys m%;sM,hla f,i" 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ
7
fmd≥ úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï mx.=j iuf,dapkh ls¯u
hgf;a Y%S ,xldjg w∞< fldgi by< kexùu;a
iuÛ jir ;=<° úfYaI .ekqï ysñlïj, w.h by<
.sfhah' flfia fj;;a" bka†hdkq ixÑ; nexl=j iy
wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=j jeks úfoaY uy nexl=
iy cd;Hka;r wdh;k fj; jQ j.lSï wvq ùu
fukau" cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,a iómia: Kh
myiqlu hgf;a j.lSï m%udKh wvq ùu fya;=fjka
uy nexl=fõ iuia; úfoaY uQ,H j.lSï m%udKh o
2016 jifr® ° my< .sfhah' flfia fj;;a" 2016
jir ;=<° wdishdkq ksIaldYk ix.uh fj; jQ

245
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
uy nexl=fõ j.lSï by< hEula jdr®;d úh' fï
w;r" 2015 jir ;=<° remsh,a ì,shk 201'5 lska
ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvqjQ jd◊c nexl= i;= Y=oaO
úfoaYSh j;alï m%udKh 2016 jir ;=<° remsh,a
ì,shk 84'5 lska by< .sfhah' tA i|yd uy nexl=j
iuÛ meje;s úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .súiqï wjika
ls¯fuka ,o wruqo,a úfoaYj, wdfhdackh ls¯u
lsishï ≥rlg fya;= úh' jd◊c nexl= i;= Y=oaO
úfoaYSh j;alï ie,lSfï °" úfoaY nexl= yd nexl=
fkdjk tAllj, mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk ;ekam;=
fYaI by< hEu;a iuÛ wlafjr< nexl= tAll i;=
Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alï remsh,a ì,shk 114'3 lska
by< .sh w;r" jir ;=<° wlafjr< nexl= tAll
u.ska ,nd.;a úfoaY Kh ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq
úh' jd◊c nexl= úiska úfoaYSh nexl=j,ska ,nd.;a
Kh m%udKh by< hEu iy jd◊c nexl= i;=
úfoaY jHjydr .sKqïj, fYaI by< hEfï tAldnoaO
n,mEu fya;=fjka 2016 jir ;=< foaYSh nexl=
tAll i;= Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alï remsh,a ì,shk 29'8
lska wvq jQ w;r" fuu ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< úfoaY
nexl= tAllj, is≥ lrk ,o úfoaY úksuh ;ekam;=
m%udKh by< .sfhah'
2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ jr®Okh yd iei£fï °
wvq fõ.hlska hq;=j jqj o foaYSh wxY i|yd jk
Kh iemhqfuys jr®Okh fya;=fjka" nexl= wxYfhys
Y=oaO foaYSh j;alï 2016 jir ;=<° by< .sfhah'
tA wkqj" nexl= wxYh i;= Y=oaO foaYSh j;alï 2016
jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 772'8 l by< hEula jdr®;d
l< o" th fmr jifr® jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk
1"003'4 l by< hEug jvd wvq w.hla úh' rch
iy fm!oa.,sl hk fowxYh i|yd imhk ,o Kh
m%udKh by< hEu Y=oaO foaYSh j;alï by< hEu
i|yd m%Odk jYfhka fya;= jQ w;r" jir ;=<°
rdcH ixia:dj,g ,nd≥ka Kh ie,lsh hq;= f,i
wvq úh'
Y=oaO foaYSh j;alïj, by< hEu i|yd ∞hl
7
fjñka nexl= wxYh úiska rchg imhk ,o Kh
m%udKh 2016 jir ;=<° ie,lsh hq;= f,i by<
.sfhah' rchg imhk ,o Y=oaO Kh m%udKh 2015
jifr® jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk 323'6 l by< hEu yd
iei£fï ° 2016 jir ;=<° remsh,a ì,shk 212'6 lska
by< .sfhah' jir ;=< rchg imhk ,o Y=oaO Kh
m%udKfhys by< hEu i|yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
úiska rchg imhk ,o Kh ie,lsh hq;= by<
hEu m%Odk jYfhka fya;= jQ w;r" iuia; jeäùu
i|yd jd◊c nexl= úiska rchg imhk ,o Y=oaO
Kh m%udKh o ∞hl úh' tA wkqj"rchg imhk ,o
246
;djld,sl w;a;sldrïj, 2016 jir wjidkfha °
jdr®;d jQ fláld,Sk wvqùu uOHfha jqjo" m%Odk
jYfhka uy nexl=j úiska m%d:ñl fj<|fmd< ;=<
ñ,g .kq ,enQ NdKavd.dr ì,am;a m%udKh by<
hEu fya;=fldg f.k" 2015 jifr®° mej;s remsh,a
ì,shk 80'3 l by< hEu yd iei£fï ° uy nexl=j
úiska rchg imhk ,o Y=oaO Kh m%udKh 2016
jir ;=<° remsh,a ì,shk 183'1 lska by< .sfhah'
2015 jir wjidkfha ° remsh,a ì,shk 79'2 la jQ
uy nexl=j i;= NdKavd.dr ì,am;a f;d.h ^m%;sñ,°
.ekqï .kqfokq yer& 2016 jir ;=<° fuf;la
jdr®;d jQ by<u uÜgu jk remsh,a ì,shk 330'0 la
olajd ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< .sfhah' 2015 jir
wjidkfha mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 151'1 yd iei£fï °
2016 jifr® m<uq udi tfld<y ;=<° rchg
imhk ,o ;djld,sl w;a;sldrï m%udKh remsh,a
ì,shk 184'6 l idudkHhla jdr®;d l< w;r" th
2016 jir wjidkfha ° remsh,a ì,shk 83'3 la
olajd remsh,a ì,shk 101'5 lska wvq úh' 2016
foieïnr® udih ;=<° uy nexl=j fj; remsh,a
ì,shk 100 l jákdlñka hq;= NdKavd.dr ì,am;a
ksl=;a ls¯u ;=<ska ,nd.;a wruqo,a Wmfhda.S fldg
f.k ;djld,sl w;a;sldrïj,ska fldgila rch
úiska wdmiq f.ùu fï i|yd m%Odk jYfhka fya;=
ù we;' fï w;r" jd◊c nexl= úiska rchg imhk
,o Y=oaO Kh m%udKh 2015 jir wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ
remsh,a ì,shk 243'3 l ie,lsh hq;= by< hEu yd
iei£fï ° 2016 jir ;=<° remsh,a ì,shk 29'6 lska
muKla by< .sfhah' jd◊c nexl= úiska rchg
imhk ,o Y=oaO Kh m%udKfhys iuia; by< hEu
i|yd ∞hl fjñka" jd◊c nexl=j, foaYSh nexl=
7'13 rEm igyk
foaYSh Kfhys jd¾Isl by< hEu
1,300
1,100
900
remsh,a ì,shk
700
500
300
100
-100
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
fm!oa.,sl wxYhg rchg ,ndÿka rdcH ixia:dj,g
,ndÿka Kh Kh ^Y=oaO& ,ndÿka Kh
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
 uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh

tAll úiska rchg ,nd≥ka Y=oaO Kh m%udKh 2015
jifr® jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk 79'7 l by< hEu yd
iei£fï ° 2016 jir ;=<° remsh,a ì,shk 96'6 lska
by< .sfhah' fï i|yd m%Odk jYfhka °r®> m˙K;
ld,hla iys; iq/l=ïm;a flfrys jd◊c nexl=j,
we;s jrKh ms<sìUq lrñka NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr
iy Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlrj, lrk ,o
wdfhdack" ms<sfj<ska" remsh,a ì,shk 187'1 lska iy
remsh,a ì,shk 9'3 lska by< hEu fya;= jQ w;r"
i,ld n,k ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=<° rchg imhk ,o
fláld,Sk Kh o remsh,a ì,shk 10'4 lska by<
.sfhah' flfia jqjo" jir ;=<° foaYSh nexl= tAll
i;= NdKavd.dr ì,am;a f;d.h ^m%;sñ,° .ekqï
.kqfokq yer& remsh,a ì,shk 97'5 lska wvq jQ w;r"
nexl= wxYh iuÛ mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk rcfha
fkdmshjQ whsrd fYaIh o remsh,a ì,shk 27'8 lska
wvq úh' fï w;r" wlafjr< nexl= tAll u.ska
rchg imhk ,o Y=oaO Kh m%udKhfhys 2015
jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk 163'6 l ie,lsh
hq;= jeäùu yd iei£fï ° 2016 jir ;=<° remsh,a
ì,shk 67'1 lska wvq úh' jir ;=<° rchg imhk
,o Kh m%udKh remsh,a ì,shk 8'3 lska jeä jqjo"
Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr m˙K; ùu fukau"
ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlrj, is≥ lrk ,o kj wdfhdack
wvq ùu fï i|yd m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh'
rdcH ixia:d .Kkdjl hym;a l%shdld˙;ajh
ms<sìUq lrñka" 2016 jir ;=<° nexl= wxYh
úiska rdcH ixia:dj,g imhk ,o Kh
m%udKh wvq úh' 2015 fkdjeïnr® udifha isg
jdr®;d jQ m%jK;dj 2016 m<uq udi wg ;=<° o
wLKavj mj;ajd .ksñka 2016 wf.daia;= udih
wjidkh jk úg rdcH ixia:dj,g imhk ,o
iuia; Kh m%udKh remsh,a ì,shk 81'5 lska
muK wvq úh' úfYaIfhkau" ,xld Lkscf;,a
kS;s.; ixia:dj we;=Ω m%Odk rdcH ixia:dj,
hym;a jQ uQ,H ;;a;ajh fï i|yd ∞hl úh' flfia
ú≥,sn, uKav,h iy Y%S ,xld jrdh wêld˙h"
ms<sfj<ska" remsh,a ì,shk 4'9 la yd remsh,a ì,shk
2'3 la wdmiq f.jk ,°' fï w;r" Y%S,xlka .=jka
iud.u úiska 2016 jir ;=<° jd◊c nexl= wxYfhka
,nd.;a Kh m%udKh remsh,a ì,shk 16'7 lska
jeä jQ w;r" udr®. ixjr®Ok wêld˙h" ,xld
fmdfydr iud.u" ,xld keõ ixia:dj iy fld<U
fmdfydr iud.u jeks rdcH ixia:d úiska ,nd.;a
Kh m%udKh o by< .sfhah'
±ä uqo,a m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®. iy fmr jifr®
jdr®;d jQ by< jr®Okfhys mokï n,mEu fya;=fjka
fm!oa.,sl wxYhg imhk ,o Kh m%udKfhys
jdr®Isl ,laIHuh jr®Okh ukao.dó jqjo" 2016
jir ;=<° jd◊c nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYhg
,nd≥ka Kh m%udKh wLKavj by< .sfhah2' uy
nexl=fõ ±ä uqo,a m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®.j,g m%;spdr
jYfhka fj<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< .sh o"
jd◊c nexl=j, ;r.ld¯ wf,úlrK jevigyka
iy wruqo,aj, iq,n;dj fukau" rdcH n≥ jHqyfha
is≥ úh yels by< hEï ms<sn| fj<|fmd< wfmalaId
fya;=fjka 2016 jir ;=<° fm!oa.,sl wxYhg imhk
,o Kh m%udKh wLKavj by< .sfhah' fm!oa.,sl
wxYh i|yd imhk ,o Kh m%udKfhys 2015 jir
;=< jdr®;d jQ by< jr®Ok m%jK;dj wLKavj
2016 jifr® o meje;s w;r" th 2016 cQ,s udifha °
jdr®Isl ,laIHuh moku u; ishhg 28'5 l
by<u jr®Okhla jdr®;d lf<ah' flfia fj;;a"
2 n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=jla f,i l%shd;aul jQ ã'tµa'iS'iS' nexl=j 2015
Tlaf;danr® 01 jeks †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† ã'tµa'iS'iS' jr®Ok nexl=j
iuÛska tAldnoaO ùfuka wk;=rej ã'tµa'iS'iS' nEkala mS't,a'iS' hk kñka
n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jla f,i l%shd;aul ùu;a iuÛ 2015 Tlaf;danr® udih
;=<° jd◊c nexl= i;= iuia; Kh f;d.h ie,lsh hq;= m˙† by< .sfhah'
7'14 rEm igyk
jd◊‚c nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYhg ,ndÿka Kh
4,300 28.5 29
78.7
4,200
81.3
28

7
fj;;a" rdcH ixia:dj,g imhk ,o Kh m%udKh 4,100 79.0 27

wvq ùfï m%jK;dj 2016 iema;eïnr® udifha isg

remsh,a ì,shk

4,000 59.5
26
25.1 45.0
3,900
ishhg

62.9
fjkia jQ w;r" tA wkqj iuia; Kh m%udKfhys wvq 3,800
75.8
25
60.2 24
ùu 2016 foieïnr® ui wjidkh jk úg remsh,a 3,700
87.7
27.4
23
21.9
ì,shk 27'9 la olajd iSud jQ w;r" 2015 jifr® ° th 3,600
43.6
53.7
22
3,500
remsh,a ì,shk 76'9 l jeäùula úh' idfmalaIj wvq 3,400 21
3,450 4,204
uÜgul mj;sk Lkscf;,a ñ, .Kka fya;=fjka 3,300 20
fkdje'-16
wfm%a'-16

uehs-16

wf.da'-16

2016
iema'-16
2015

ck'-16
fmn'-16

ud¾'-16

cqks-16
cQ,s-16

Tla'-16

foie'-16

jeä†hqKq jQ uQ,H ;;a;ajh iuÛ ,xld Lkscf;,a

kS;s.; ixia:dj 2016 jir ;=<° jd◊c nexl=
uq¿ Kh m%udKh udisl fjki
fj;jQ fkdmshjQ Kh j.lSïj,ska remsh,a ì,shk jd¾Isl ,laIHuh j¾Okh ^ol=Kq wlaIh&
71'9 la wdmiq f.jk ,°' 2016 jir ;=<° ,xld uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

247
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

±ä uqo,a m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®.j, n,mEu iy fmr
jifr® jdr®;d jQ by< jr®Okfhys mokï n,mEu
ms<sìUq lrñka 2016 jifr® wjidk Nd.h jkúg
fm!oa.,sl wxYhg imhk o Kh m%udKfhys
jdr®Isl ,laIHuh jr®Okh ukao.dó jQ w;r" tA
wkqj" 2015 jir wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ ishhg 25'1
yd iei£fï ° 2016 wjidkh jk úg ishhg 21'9 la
f,i igyka úh' fm!oa.,sl wxYhg imhk ,o
Kh m%udKfhys m%idrKh fmr jifr® jdr®;d jQ
remsh,a ì,shk 691'4 yd iei£fï ° 2016
jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 754'9 la úh' Kh yd
w;a;sldrïj, iq/l=ï u; jr®.SlrKhg wkqj"
ksYap, foam<" hka;% iy WmlrK· mqoa., iq/l=ï
iy fmdfrdka≥ m;%sld· iud.ï iq/l=ï" ydks mQr®K
iy fiajl Kh hkd†fhka iukaú; wfkl=;a
iq/l=ï hgf;a jk Kh m%udKfhys jeä ùu jir
;=< iuia; Kh yd w;a;sldrïj, jeä ùu i|yd
ishhg 68 l muK ∞hl;ajhla ,nd ° we;' fï
w;r" fudagr® r:jdyk i|yd mej;s wêl b,aÆu
md,kh ls¯u i|yd rch iy uy nexl=j úiska
.kq ,enQ l%shdudr®.j,g m%;spdr olajñka" l,an≥
yd l=,Smsg .ekqï hgf;a jQ Kh m%udKfhys jeäùu
fmr jir yd iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® ° ie,lsh hq;=
my< w.hl mej;=◊'
jd◊c nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYhg
imhk ,o Kh iy w;a;sldrï ms<sn| ldr®;=uh
iólaIKhg wkqj" wdr®:ßlfha ishÆ m%Odk wxY
i|yd jQ Kh iemhqu 2016 jir ;=<° ie,lsh hq;=
f,i by< .sfhah' jdr®Isl ,laIHuh moku u;
fiajd iy lr®udka; wxY i|yd imhk ,o Kh
m%udKh 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ ishhg 34'1 iy
ishhg 25'0 yd iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® °" ms<sfj<ska"
ishhg 35'4 lska yd ishhg 22'2 lska jr®Okh
úh' fiajd wxYh ;=< kdúl" .=jka iy NdKav
ksIaldYkh· uQ,H iy jHdmd˙l fiajd· f;d. iy
is,a,r fj<πu· ixpdrl· wOHdmk· ikaksfõok
iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK fiajd hk Wm wxYj,g
fhduq jQ Kh m%udKh by< wkqmd;slj,ska jr®Okh
úh' lr®udka; wxYfha m%Odk Wm wxY i|yd imhk
,o Kh m%udKh o by< .sh w;r" tA i|yd b†ls¯ï·

7'6 ixLHd igyk

jd◊◊Ksc nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYhg ,ndÿka Kh j¾.SlrKh ^w& ^wd& ^we&
remsh,a ì,shk

wxYh
2015 2016
2016
∞hl;ajh
2016
m%;sY;l
wjidkhg wjidkhg ^wE&
^]& fjki
lDIsldr®ñl iy ëjr 309.0 361.5 8.5 17.0
thsk"a f;a 72.7 82.4 1.9 13.4
rnr® 18.5 23.8 0.6 29.0
fmd,a 12.2 16.3 0.4 32.9
ù 19.0 28.9 0.7 52.3
t<jΩ" m,;=re iy iqΩ wdydr fNda. 20.0 25.1 0.6 25.3
ëjr 11.0 14.0 0.3 27.4
lr®udka; 1,397.5 1,707.5 40.2 22.2
thsk"a b†ls¯ï 639.2 811.2 19.1 26.9
wdydr iy mdk jr®. 85.4 95.3 2.2 11.7
fr†ms<s iy we`.Æï 129.9 159.4 3.8 22.7
ilial< f,day ksIma d†;" hka;-% iQ;% iy m%jdyk WmlrK 124.9 148.8 3.5 19.1
fiajd 950.9 1,287.6 30.3 35.4
thsk"a f;d. iy is,, a r fjf<πu 273.0 387.3 9.1 41.8

7
ixpdrl jHdmdrh 102.9 138.7 3.3 34.8
uQ,H iy jHdmd˙l fiajd 217.6 308.1 7.3 41.6
kdúl" .=jka iy NdKav ksIl a dYkh 13.2 28.1 0.7 112.1

fm!oa.,sl Kh iy w;a;l s drï ^b& 771.1 888.6 20.9 15.2

thsk"a l,amj;akd md˙fNda.l
s NdKav 143.5 198.1 4.7 38.1
Wlia ls¯ï 133.4 132.4 3.1 -0.8
tl;=j 3,428.5 4,245.1 100.0 23.8
^w& jdKsc nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj; ,nd ≥ka Kh iy w;a;sldrï ms<sn| ldr®;=uh iólaIKh u; mokï fõ' uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& Kh iy w;a;sldrïj,g whsrd iy jÜgï l< ì,am;a we;=<;a jk w;r tl;= fjñka mj;akd uqo,a YSr®I we;=<;a fkdfõ'
^we& .Kkh ls¯fï l%ufõoj, fjkialï fya;=fjka fuu ixLHd igyfka we;s o;a; ixLHd igyk 7'5 ys ±lafjk fm!oa.,sl
wxYh i|yd ,nd≥ka Kh hgf;a jk o;a;j,ska fjkia fõ'
^wE& ;djld,sl
^b& zlr®udka;Z hgf;a jr®.SlrKh lr we;s zb†ls¯ïZ ldKavhg wh;ajk fm!oa.,sl ksjdi Kh bj;alr we;s w;r Kh
ldâm;a u.ska ,ndfok fkdmshjQ w;a;sldrï we;=<;a fõ'

248
 uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh

7'15 rEm igyk yd iei£fï ° 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg ishhg

m%Odk wxYj,g ,ndÿka fm!oa.,sl wxYfha 22'7 lska by< .sfhah' fï w;r" lDIslr®udka; yd
Khj, jd¾Isl ,laIHuh j¾Okh ^ishhg&
ëjr wxYh fj; imhk ,o Kh m%udKh jdr®Isl
7.5
,laIHuh moku u;" 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ

lDIsld¾ñl 5.2
8.9 ishhg 7'5 l jr®Okh yd iei£fï ° 2016 jir
iy ëjr 10.6
17.0 wjidkh jk úg ishhg 17'0 lska jr®Okh úh'
25.0
30.5 fuu wxYh ;=< f;a" rnr®" fmd,a" ù" t<jΩ" m,;=re
l¾udka; 29.6
22.2
27.0 iy iqΩ wdydr fNda. iy ëjr hk Wm wxY i|yd
34.1
,nd≥ka Kh m%udKh jir ;=<° ie,lsh hq;= f,i
39.0
fiajd
34.2
46.1 by< .sfhah' ;jo" fm!oa.,sl Kh iy w;a;sldrï
35.4
hgf;a ,nd≥ka Kh m%udKh o jdr®Isl ,laIHuh
18.3
fm!oa.,sl 31.5 moku u;" 2015 jir wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ ishhg
Kh iy 23.3
w;a;sldrï 15.2
18.7 18'3 yd idfmalaIj 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg
ishhg 15'2 lska jr®Okh úh' fm!oa.,sl Kh iy
foie'-15 ud¾'-16 cqks-16 iemaa'-16 foie'-16
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
w;a;sldrï wxYh hgf;a l,a mj;akd md˙fNda.sl
NdKav ñ,° .ekSu" fm!oa.,sl fi!LH" fm!oa.,sl
fr†ms<s iy weÛÆï· ilia l< f,day ksIamd†;" wOHdmk fukau Kh ldâm;a fYaI hk Wm wxY
hka;%iQ;% iy m%jdyk WmlrK· wdydr iy mdk i|yd fhduq jQ Kh 2016 jifr®° by< .sh w;r"
jr®.· ridhksl" Lksc f;,a" T!IO yd fi!LH· iy Wlia Kh w;a;sldrï wLKavj wvq ùula jdr®;d úh'
rnr® yd ma,diaála ksIamdok hk Wm wxY fj;ska by< l,amj;akd md˙fNda.sl NdKav ñ,° .ekSu i|yd
∞hl;ajhla ,eìK' fï w;r" b†ls¯ï Wm wxYh imhk ,o Kh m%udKfhys 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ
i|yd fhduq jQ Kh m%udKh 2016 jir wjidkh ishhg 56'0 l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj wvq jr®Okhla
jk úg ishhg 26'9 lska jr®Okh úh' fr†ms<s iy jdr®;d lrñka jqjo 2016 jir ;=<° ishhg 38'1 lska
weÛÆï Wm wxYhg imhk ,o Kh m%udKh o 2015 ie,lsh hq;= f,i jr®Okh úh' jdr®Isl ,laIHuh
jir wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ ishhg 12'6 l my< hEu moku u;" 2014 jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg 41'0 iy

7'7 ixLHd igyk

jd‚c nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj; ,ndÿka fkdmshjQ Kh m%udKfhys
mßK; ld, ms<sn| úYaf,aIKh ^w&^wd&

foieïnr® 2015 foieïnr® 2016

wxYh m˙K; ld,h
∞hl;ajh ^]& jr®Okh ] ∞hl;ajh ^]& jr®Okh ]

lDIsldr®ñl iy ëjr fláld,Sk 5.9 2.1 5.5 16.5

ue†ld,Sk 1.9 5.8 1.9 24.3
†.=ld,Sk 1.2 50.3 1.1 7.7

lr®udka; fláld,Sk 13.3 12.1 13.3 23.7

ue†ld,Sk 10.9 21.5 10.1 13.8
†.=ld,Sk 16.5 40.8 16.9 26.5

7
fiajd fláld,Sk 11.2 18.0 12.2 35.0
ue†ld,Sk 9.2 40.8 10.6 41.3
†.=ld,Sk 7.3 57.3 7.6 28.5

fm!oa.,sl Kh iy w;a;l
s drï fláld,Sk 10.5 2.6 8.6 1.0
ue†ld,Sk 6.3 27.1 5.6 10.9
†.=ld,Sk 5.7 49.4 6.7 46.4

tl;=j fláld,Sk 40.9 9.4 39.6 19.9

ue†ld,Sk 28.4 27.1 28.2 22.8
†.=ld,Sk 30.7 46.4 32.2 29.9
^w& jdKsc nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj; ,nd≥ka Kh iy w;a;sldrï ms<sn| ldr®;=uh iólaIKh u; mokï fõ' uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& uQ,sl l,ams¯u mokï lr.ksñka Kh jr®.SlrKh is≥lr we;s w;r th jirlg jvd wvq - fláld,Sk"
jir 1-5 w;r - ue†ld,Sk yd jir mylg jvd jeä - †.=ld,Sk jYfhka olajd we;'

249
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ ishhg 22'7 l ie,lsh hq;=
wvq ùï yd idfmalaIj Wlia Kh w;a;sldrï" 2016
jifr®° ishhg 0'8 lska iqΩ jYfhka my< .sfhah'
;jo" jd◊c nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYhg imhk
,o Kh i|yd jk m˙K; ld,iSud wkqj ie,lSfï°
2015 jir wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ ishhg 9'4 l jr®Okh
yd iei£fï ° fláld,Sk Kh m%udKh 2016 jir
wjidkh jk úg jdr®Isl ,laIHuh moku u;
ishhg 19'9 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i jr®Okh jQ
w;r" hï miqnEula ms<sìUq lrñka †.=ld,Sk Kh
jr®Okh 2015 jifr® wjidkfha meje;s ishhg 46'4
yd idfmalaIj 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg ishhg
29'9 lska jr®Okh úh'
mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu (M4)
uqo,a iemhqu ms<sn| mqΩ,a ñkqula jk uQ,H
iólaIKh wkqj3 mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqu (M4) 2015
jir wjidkfha jdr®;d l< ishhg 16'8 l jdr®Isl
,laIHuh jr®Okh yd iei£fï ° 2016 jir
3 uQ,H iólaIKh øjYS,;dj ms<sn|j jvd;a mqΩ,a ñkqula jk w;r" thg uy
nexl=j i;= n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= fukau n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= iy
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï o we;=<;a fõ'
wjidkh jk úg ishhg 15'9 l wvq fõ.hlska
jr®Okh úh' 2016 jir ;=<° fm!oa.,sl wxYhg
fukau" rchg imhk ,o Kh m%udKh jeäùu
;=<ska nexl= wxYfhys iy n,m;%,dNS uqo,a
iud.ïj, Y=oaO foaYSh j;alïj, by< hEu fuu
mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqfuys m%idrKhg ishhg 93'3 lska
∞hl úh'
uQ,H iólaIKh wkqj" ld,Sk yd b;s˙ls¯fï
;ekam;=j, jdr®Isl ,laIHuh jr®Okh 2015 jir
wjidkfha mej;s ishhg 16'8 yd iei£fï ° 2016
wjidkh jk úg ishhg 17'1 olajd by< .sfhah'
jdr®Isl ,laIHuh moku u; 2015 jir wjidkfha °
ishhg 19'0 lska jr®Okh jQ n,m;%,dNS jd◊c
nexl= i;= ld,Sk yd b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;= m%udKh
2016 wjidkfha ° ishhg 19'3 lska jr®Okh úh'
fï w;r" n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= i;= ld,Sk yd
b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;=j, jdr®Isl ,laIHuh moku
u; jr®Okh 2015 jir wjidkfha jdr®;d jQ ishhg
7'7 yd iei£fï ° 2016 jir wjidkfha ° ishhg
10'7 la úh' n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï i;= ld,Sk
yd b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;=j, 2015 jir wjidkfha
jdr®;d jQ ishhg 16'0 l jdr®Isl ,laIHuh

7'8 ixLHd igyk

mq¿,a uqo,a (M4) iemhqfuys j;alï wxYh
^uQ,H iólaIKh wkqj .Kkh lrk ,§&
remsh,a ì,shk
2015 2016
fjki
whs;uh 2015 2016
wjidkhg ^w& wjidkhg ^wd&
m%udKh ] m%udKh ]
mqΩ,a uqo,a (M4) 5,720.3 6,630.3 822.6 16.8 910.0 15.9

;=v≥q ka idOl
Y=oOa úfoaYh S j;alï -444.1 -383.2 -307.4 -224.8 61.0 13.7
uqo,a wêld¯ka 576.2 558.6 -111.8 -16.3 -17.6 -3.1
n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= -874.3 -789.8 -201.5 -29.9 84.5 9.7
n,m;%,dNS úfYaI;s nexl= iy
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï -146.0 -152.0 5.9 3.9 -6.0 -4.1

Y=oO
a foaYh S j;alï 6,164.4 7,013.5 1,130.0 22.4 849.0 13.8
foaYh
S Kh 7,603.7 8,763.3 1,311.8 20.8 1,159.6 15.3

7
rchg ,nd≥ka Y=oOa Kh 2,344.3 2,555.9 333.9 16.6 211.6 9.0
uqo,a wêld¯ka 229.9 413.0 80.3 53.6 183.1 79.6
n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= 1,529.6 1,559.1 243.3 18.9 29.6 1.9
n,m;%,dNS úfYaI;s nexl= 529.2 515.7 14.4 2.8 -13.6 -2.6
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï 55.6 68.1 -4.1 -6.8 12.5 22.5
rdcH ixia:dj,g ,nd ≥ka Kh ^n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=& 523.0 495.1 76.9 17.2 -27.9 -5.3
fm!oa.,sl wxYhg ,nd ≥ka Kh 4,736.4 5,712.3 900.9 23.5 975.9 20.6
n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= 3,449.6 4,204.4 691.4 25.1 754.9 21.9
n,m;%,dNS úfYaI;s nexl= 481.7 562.2 7.2 1.5 80.5 16.7
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï 805.2 945.7 202.3 33.6 140.5 17.4

wfkl=;a whs;u ^Y=oO

a & ^we& -1,439.3 -1,749.8 -181.8 -14.5 -310.6 -21.6
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& wfkl=;a whs;u j;alï iy wfkl=;a whs;u j.lSï w;r fjki u.ska .Kkh lrkq ,efí'

250

jr®Okh" 2016 wjidkh jk úg ishhg 9'7 olajd
ukao.dó jQ w;r" th ;ekam;= fmd,S wkqmd;sl by<
hk m˙irhla ;=< .kqfokqlrejkaf.a ;ekam;=
n,m;%,dNS nexl= fj; we° hEfï m%;sM,hla úh
yelsh'
uQ,H iólaIKh wkqj" fm!oa.,sl wxYhg
imhk ,o Kh m%udKfhys jdr®Isl ,laIHuh
jr®Okh 2015 jir wjidkfha mej;s ishhg 23'5
yd iei£fï ° 2016 jir wjidkfha ° ishhg
20'6 olajd ukao.dó úh' tA wkqj" m%Odk jYfhka
n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= úiska imhk ,o Kh
m%udKh by< hEu fya;=fldg f.k fm!oa.,sl
wxYhg imhk ,o iuia; Kh m%udKfhys 2015
jifr® jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk 900'9 l jeäùu yd
iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 975'9 lska
by< .sfhah' n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= úiska
fm!oa.,sl wxYhg imhk ,o Kh m%udKfhys
2015 jifr® jQ ishhg 1'5 l ukao.dó jr®Okh yd
ie,lSfï ° 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 16'7 la úh' tA
wkqj" n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl
wxYhg imhk ,o Kh m%udKh 2016 jir ;=<°
remsh,a ì,shk 80'5 lska by< .sfhah' n,m;%,dNS
uqo,a iud.ï úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYhg imhk ,o
Kh m%udKh 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk
202'3 yd iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk
140'5 lska by< .sfhah' úfYaIfhkau" Kh u;
Wm˙u jákdlï wkqmd; mekùu jeks úplaIKYS,S
l%shdudr®. y∫kajd °u iy by< fj<|fmd< fmd,S
wkqmd;slj, n,mEu fya;=fjka n,m;%,dNS uqo,a
iud.ï úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYhg imhk ,o Kh
m%udKfhys jdr®Isl ,laIHuh jr®Okh 2015 jifr®
jdr®;d jQ ishhg 33'6 yd iei£fï ° 2016 jir ;=<°
ishhg 17'4 olajd YS>% f,i my< .sfhah' fï w;r"
uQ,H iólaIKh wkqj rchg imhk ,o iuia;
Y=oaO Kh m%udKh 2016 jir ;=<° remsh,a ì,shk
211'6 lska by< .sh w;r" tA i|yd n,m;%,dNS uqo,a
iud.ï úiska rchg imhk ,o Y=oaO Kh m%udKh
remsh,a ì,shk 12'5 lska by< hEu fya;= jQ w;r"
2016 jir ;=<° n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= úiska
rchg ,nd≥ka Y=oaO Kh m%udKh remsh,a ì,shk
13'6 lska wvq úh'
7'5 wfmalaIs; j¾Okhka" wNsfhda. iy
fmr±lau
uQ,H moaO;sfhys ixjr®Okh iy
kfjda;m
a dokfhys m%;sM,hla f,i wfkl=;a rgj,
fukau Y%S ,xldfõo uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ;SrK .ekSfï
uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh
hdka;%Kh ;=< uqo,a iuia; i|yd meje;s m%uqL;dj
l%udkql+,j wvq fjñka mj;S' ñ, ia:dhS;dj <Ûdlr
.ekSu i|yd 1980 jifr® muK isg Y%S ,xld uy
nexl=j ish uqo,a m%;sm;a;s rduqj f,i uqo,a iuia;
b,lallrKh fhd∞ f.k we;' fuu m%;sm;a;s
rduqj hgf;a uqo,a iuia;j,g n,mEï ls¯u ;=<ska
ñ, ia:dhS;dj hk wjidk wruqK <Ûdlr .ekSu is≥
jQ w;r" mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqu w;rue† úp,Hh f,io"
ixÑ; uqo,a fufyhqï úp,Hh f,io l%shd;aul
úh' flfia fj;;a" uQ,H wxYh ixjr®Okh ùu yd
uQ,H kfjda;amdok hkd†h fya;=fjka uqo,a b,aÆu
wia:djr ùu" kdñl o< foaYSh ksIamd†;h yd
mqΩ,a uqo,a jr®Okh w;r mr;rh mqΩ,a ùu fukau
WoaOukh yd uqo,a w;r mj;sk iïnkaO;dj ≥r®j,
ùu jeks .egÆ fya;=fjka uqo,a m%;sm;a;s fufyhqï
;=< uqo,a b,lallrKh i|yd jQ jeo.;alu wvq ù
we;' fuu ;;aa;ajh ;=< Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j ish
uqo,a m%;sm;a;s rduqj i|yd l%udkql+,j fjkialï
y∫kajd foñka isák w;r" jr®;udkfha °
WoaOuk b,lallrKh yd uqo,a b,lallrKh
hk m%fõY foflysu ,laIK iys; jeä†hqKq
l< uqo,a m%;sm;a;s rduqjla hgf;a uqo,a m%;sm;a;s
fufyhqï is≥ lrhs' §uqo,a yd uQ,H wxYh i|yd
jQ m%;sm;a;s fmr±lau¶ u.ska Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
ish uqo,a m%;sm;a;s rduqj f,i kuHYS,S WoaOuk
b,lallrKh lrd ue†ld,Skj fhduq jk nj
ksfõokh l< w;r" tjeks rduqjla i|yd wjYH
lrk ;dlaI◊l wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug uy
nexl=j läkï l%shdudr®. f.k we;' fï wkqj"
idr®j wdr®:ßl wdlD;s f.dvkexùu iy mqfrdal:k
yelshd jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd fukau" WoaOuk
b,lallrKh i|yd myiqlï iemhSu i|yd
wjYH lrkq ,nk ffk;sl fjkiaùï y∫kajd
°u ms<sn|j úYaf,aIKh ls¯u i|yd uy nexl=j
cd;Hka;r ixúOdk iuÛ lghq;= lrñka isà' rch
úiska jr®;udkfha l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk rdcH
uQ,H tAld.%;d jevigyk" úfYaIfhkau whjeh
7
ysÛh uQ,Hkh i|yd uy nexl=j u; rπ meje;Su
wvq ls¯u" kuHYS,S WoaOuk b,lallrKhla i|yd
Wmld¯ jkq we;ehs wfmalaId flfr®' cd;Hka;r uQ,H
wruqof,a úia;Sr®K Kh myiqlï jevigyk hgf;a
ue†ld,Sk WoaOuk b,lallrKh ms<s.ekSu o"
kuHYS,S WoaOuk b,lallrK rduqjla i|yd wkq.;
ùfï ° iydh jkq we;' uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul
ls¯u i|yd kuHYS,S WoaOuk b,lallrK rduqjla
fhd∞ .ekSu ;sridr mokulska wdr®:ßlfha ñ,
ia:dhS;dj ;yjqre ls¯ug fya;= jkq we;s w;r"
251
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
th jHdmdr úYajdih by< kexùu yryd jHdmdr
lrf.k hEug iq≥iq jd;djrKhla ìys ls¯ug yd
tA ;=<ska by< wdr®:ßl jr®Okhla w;alr .ekSug
u.fmkajkq we;'
uqo,a m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIKh i|yd Ndú;
lrkq ,nk f;dr;=re yd o;a;j, .=Kd;aulNdjh
;j≥rg;a jeä†hqKq ls¯fï l%shdj,shl Y%S ,xld uy
nexl=j ksr;j isà' tA wkqj" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j"
cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,ys iydh we;sj cd;Hka;r
uQ,H wruqof,a iïu; jdr®;dlrK wdlD;sj,g
wkql+,j uqo,a iy uQ,H ixLHdk jdr®;d ls¯u 2016
jifr® ° wdrïN lf<ah' tfukau" 2018 jifr® isg
jeä†hqKq l< uqo,a ixLHdk" Bg w∞< meye†,s
ls¯ï iy úYaf,aIK iys;j t<s ±laùug Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j wfmalaId lrhs' øjYS,;dj mokï lr
.ksñka uQ,H WmlrK jr®.SlrKh ls¯u iy uqo,a
ixLHdk u.ska wdjrKh lrkq ,nk wdh;k
mqΩ,a ls¯u i|yd fuu kj l%ufõoh Wmld¯ fõ'
óg wu;rj" úúO iólaIK yryd fm!oa.,sl
wxYfha woyia /ia ls¯u iy f;dr;=re ksis l,g
fn∞ye¯u i|yd ±kg orkq ,nk m%h;ak" Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ úYaf,aIK i|yd fukau" wfmalaId
l<ukdlrKh i|yd iydh jkq we;s w;r" th
rfÜ wdr®:ßl ;;a;ajh ms<sn|j uyckhdg ukd
wjfndaOhla ,nd °ug Wmld¯ jkq we;'
WoaOuk wfmalaId fláld,Sk jYfhka
l<ukdlrKh ls¯fï ° jr®;udkfha mj;sk
foaYSh iy f.da,Sh idr®j wdr®:ßl m%jK;d Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j fj; wNsfhda.hla jkq we;' wLKavj
jir wglg jeä ld,hla ;=< ;ks wxlhl uÜgfï
WoaOukh mj;ajd f.k hEug Y%S ,xldjg yelshdj
,enqK o" Kh m%idrKh" úksuh wkqmd;slfha
yeis¯u" n≥ ixfYdaOk yd iemhqï wxYfha wjysr;d
wd†fhys tAldnoaO n,mEu fya;=fjka uE;ld,Skj
252
WoaOukfha lsishï by< hEula olakg ,enq◊'
wêl uqo,a yd Kh m%idrKhg m%;spdr jYfhka
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh ±ä l< o"
fjk;a idOl j, n,mEu fya;=fjka 2017 jifr®
hïlsis ld,hla olajd WoaOukh wfmalaIs;
ue† ;ks w.hl uÜgug jvd by< w.hla .kq
we;' whym;a WoaOuk wfmalaIdj, miq n,mEu
fya;=fjka wdr®:ßlfha jegqma by< hEu i|yd jk
mSvkh by< hk w;r" th WoaOukh ;j≥rg;a
by< kxjñka úIu pl%hla f,i l%shd;aul úh
yelsh' tneúka WoaOukh iïnkaOfhka fuf;la
idlaId;a lr.;a idr®:l;ajh ≥r®j, ls¯ug fya;=
úh yels WoaOukfhys ;djld,slj by< hEula
iys; fuu ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< uyck;djf.a
wys;lr WoaOuk wfmalaId l<ukdlrKh lr
.ekSu wjYH fõ'
WoaOukh ue† ;ks w.hl ±˙h yels
uÜgfï mj;ajd f.k hEu i|yd jQ Y%S ,xld uy
nexl=fõ m%h;akh i|yd fláld,Sk" ue†ld,Sk
yd †.=ld,Sk m%fõYhlska iukaú; iemhqï wxYfha
iq≥iq m%;sm;a;sj, iydh wjYH fõ' úfYaIfhkau"
whym;a ld,.=◊l rgd fya;=fjka foaYSh iemhqfï
fláld,Skj we;sjk wjysr;dj, m%;sM,hla f,i
we;sjk WoaOukh uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh ;=<ska j<lajd
.ekSug fkdyelsh' fndfyda wjia:dj, fujeks
;;a;ajhla ;=< WoaOukh md,kh i|yd ;Sren≥ iy
idkqn, jHqyh ;=< fjkialï ls¯u yryd ue†y;a
ùug rchg yelsfõ' tfiau" foaYSh iemhqu ;sridr
mokulska jeä ls¯ug wjYH m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®.
.; hq;= fõ' iuia; ksIamdok idOl jvd;a M,∞hSj
Ndú;d ls¯u †˙.ekaùu i|yd b,aÆï yd iemhqï
hk fowxYfha m%;sm;a;s fhduq jkafka kï muKla
wdr®:ßl yd ñ, ia:dhS;dj wLKavj mj;ajd .;
yels jkq we;'
 uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh iy
8'1 iuia; ksÍlaIK
w Nsfhda.d;aul foaYSh iy úfoaYSh fj<|fmd<
;;a;ajhkag Tfrd;a;= °fï yelshdj ms<sìUq
lrñka jir ;=< ° uQ,H wxYh ;j≥rg;a
m%idrKh úh' fuu m%idrKh yd iu.dój uQ,H
wxYfha ia:dhS;djh i|yd bjy,a jk kshduk
l%shdudr®. iys; miqìula ;=< ie,lsh hq;= idr®j
úplaIK;d .egÆ we;s fkdjk f,i uQ,H moaO;sfha
ia:dhS;djh mj;ajd .kakd ,°' n,m;%,dNS nexl=
yd ;ekam;= ndr .kakd wfkl=;a uQ,H wdh;kj,
iy .súiqï.; b;s˙ls¯fï wdh;kj, jr®Okh
uQ,H wxYfha jr®Okh ;Sj% lrk ,°'
nexl= wxYfha m%d.aOkh iy øjYS,;d j;alï
wju jHjia:dms; wjYH;djhkag jvd by<
uÜgulska mj;ajd .;a w;r" tu wxYfha j;alï
2015 jir yd iei£fï ° wvq wkqmd;slhlska
jqjo 2016 jifr® ° o jr®Okh úh' ;ekam;=j,
jr®Okhkag iu.dój is≥jQ Kh iy w;a;sldrïj,
jr®Okh jir ;=< ° nexl= wxYfha j;alï by<
hEug m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' ;u úfoaY
úksuh .kqqfokq i|yd jk ksrdjrK úplaIKYS,S
iSudjka ;=< l<ukdlrKh ls¯u myiq lrjñka
nexl== wxYfha úfoaY úksuh Kh .ekqïj, is≥ jQ
wvq ùu;a iuÛ jir ;=< ° nexl= wxYfha iuia;
Kh .ekqï my; jegq◊' j;alï u; m%;s,dN iy
ysñlï u; m%;s,dN hk ,dN∞hS;aj or®Yl u.ska
ms<sìUq jQ nexl= wxYfha by< ,dN∞hs;ajh i|yd
fmd,S wd∞hfï by< hEu m%Odk jYfhka ∞hl
úh' j;alïj, .=Kd;aulNdjh ksr®Kh lrkq ,nk
8
moaO;s ia:dhS;dj
wl%sh Kh wkqmd;h miq.sh oYl fol ;=< jdr®;d
lrk ,o my<u w.h fuu jifr® ° jdr®;d lrk
,°'
jir ;=< ° n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy
úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï wxYfha j;alï
mokfuys jr®Okhla fmkakqï lrk ,°' j;alïj,
is≥ jQ fuu jr®Okhg foaYSh Kh .ekqï iy ;ekam;=
m%Odk jYfhka odhl úh' fudagr® jdyk i|yd fokq
,nk Kh iSud ls¯ug .kq ,enQ idr®j úplaIKYS,S
l%shdudr®.j, m%;sM,hla f,i" 2016 m<uq ldr®;=j
;=< ° Kh ,nd °ïj, jr®Okh ukao.dó jQ
kuq;a jifr® fojk Nd.fha ° wfkl=;a Kh °fï
l%shdldrlïj, is≥ jQ jr®Okh fya;=fjka Kh °u
kej; jeäùug mgka .ekq◊' uQ,H ;;a;ajh w;ska
≥r®j, n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï lsysmhl olakg
,enQ wys;lr ;;a;ajhka hgf;a jqjo" n,m;%,dNS
uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï
wxYfha øjYS,;dj" m%d.aOkh iy wl%Sh Kh wkqmd;
ys;lr uÜgïj, mj;ajd f.k hk ,o w;r" tu
wxYfha j;alï u; m%;s,dN iy ysñlï u; m%;s,dN
hk ,dN∞hS;aj or®Yl u.ska fmkakqï l< m˙†
,dN∞hS;ajh o jir ;=< ° by< hk ,°' rlaIK
wxYh" tys j;alï iy ,dN∞hs;ajhg w∞<j jir
;=< ° jr®Okhla jdr®;d l< o iu uÜgfï rgj,a yd
ieie£fï ° rlaIK jHdma;sh wvq uÜgul mj;sk
neúka ;j≥rg;a jr®Okh úh hq;= ;;a;ajhl mj;S'
idud‚lhska i|yd ie,lsh hq;= m%;s,dN ,ndfoñka"
fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo, iy fiajd kshqla;hkaf.a
Ndr wruqo, we;=Ω .súiqï.; b;s˙ls¯ï wdh;k o"
jir ;=< ° ys;lr jr®Okhla jdr®;d lrk ,°'
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

8'1 ixLHd igyk Y%S ,xld remsh, ;j≥rg;a wjm%udKh úh' foaYSh
uQ,H wxYfha iuia; j;alï yd wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmofha fmd,S wkqmd;sl
2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd& by< hEu yd úksuh wkqmd;sl wjm%udKh ùï
remsh,a remsh,a
yuqfõ jir ;=< ° foaYSh fldgia fj<|fmd<
m%;sY;h m%;sY;h ldr®hidOkh ukao.dó úh' cd;sl f.ùï yd mshùï
ì,shk ì,shk
moaO;s" iqΩ yd úYd, jákdlïj,ska hq;a .kqfokq
nexl= wxYh 9,503.7 68.8 10,575.8 68.7
uy nexl=j 1,426.2 10.3 1,529.2 9.9
lsis≥ m%Odk moaO;suh wj∞kulska f;drj
n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= 6,974.3 50.5 7,843.3 51.0 ldr®hlaIuj mshùu i|yd iqug" úYajikSh yd
n,m;%,dNS úfYaI;
s nexl= 1,103.2 8.0 1,203.2 7.8 iqrlaIs; hdka;%Khla f,i myiqlï iemhSh'
;ekam;= ndr .kakd wfkl=;a rfgys uQ,H wxYfha m%idrKhg iu.dój jir ;=<
uQ,H wdh;k 1,044.2 7.6 1,246.7 8.1
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï 915.3 6.6 1,112.1 7.2
° cd;sl f.ùï yd mshùï moaO;sh u.ska yiqrejkq
iuQmldr .%dóh nexl= 117.6 0.9 122.2 0.8 ,enQ .kqfokqj, jákdlu yd m˙udj o by< hk
iliqrejï yd Kh .kqfokq
iuQmldr iñ;s
,°'
11.3 0.1 12.4 0.1

úfYaI;
s uQ,H wdh;k
uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhs;djhg we;s úh yels
557.8 4.0 522.8 3.4
úfYAI;
s l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï 80.8 0.6 99.8 0.6 wj∞kï ;;a;aj ldf,daÑ;j úi£u iy;sl ls¯u
m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka 282.6 2.0 264.5 1.7 i|yd uQ,H wxYhg n,mj;ajk wëlaIK yd
fldgia ;e/õlrejka 9.8 0.1 10.1 0.1
tall Ndr $ tall Ndr
kshduk rduqj Yla;su;a ls¯ug jir ;=< °
l<ukdlrK iud.ï 134.0 1.0 106.7 0.7 ;j≥rg;a lghq;= lrk ,°' nexl=" n,m;%,dNS
fjf<`ofmd< w;rue†hka ^we& 42.2 0.3 30.8 0.2 uqo,a iud.ï yd úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK
jHjidh m%d.aOk iud.ï 8.3 0.1 11.0 0.1
iud.ï wxYfha ia:dhS;djh b,lal lr.ksñka uy
.súiqï.; b;s˙ls¯ï wdh;k 2,711.1 19.6 3,040.3 19.8 nexl=j úiska .kakd ,o úplaIKYS,S l%shdudr®."
rlaIK iud.ï
fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,
453.6 3.3 503.1 3.3 m%Odk jYfhka m˙.Kl moaO;s iqrlaIs;;djh"
1,664.9 12.0 1,841.5 12.0
fiajd kshlq ;
a hkaf.a Ndr úksúoNdjh jeä†hqKq ls¯u yd ndi,a III hgf;a
wruqo, 223.5 1.6 249.4 1.6 jk m%d.aOk wjYH;d hkd†h uQ,sl lr .kq ,eîh'
wkqu; úY%du iy wr®:idOl
wruqo,a 323.0 2.3 398.6 2.6 óg wu;rj" laIqøuQ,H wdh;k kshdukh ls¯fï
rdcH fiajd wr®:idOl wruqo, 46.1 0.3 47.7 0.3 wruq◊ka 2016 wxl 6 ork laIqøuQ,H mk; kS;s.;
tl;=j 13,816.7 100.0 15,385.7 100.0 lrk ,°' uy nexl=j úiska n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j iud.ï i|yd wod< jk úplaIKYS,S úOdk ksl=;a
^wd& ;djld,sl iuQmldr ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j
^we& wdfhdack l<ukdlrejka" lïlre fomdr®;fïka;=j l< w;r iafõÉPd iudc fiajd wdh;k fr‚iag%dr®
wdka;sl iemhqïlrejka" úY%du jegqma fomdr®;fïk;=j
m%drlaIlhska iy Kh fiajd kshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo,a
fj; rdcH fkdjk laIqøuQ,H wdh;k kshdukh
fY%a◊.; ls¯fï wdh;k uKav,h yd wëlaIKh i|yd n,meje;afjk udr®f.damfoaY
we;=<;a fõ' Y%S ,xld rlaIK uKav,h
iKi uyd ix.uh ksl=;a lrk ,°' 2016 jir ;=< °" Y%S ,xld rlaIK
Y%S ,xld iq/l=ïm;a iy úksuh uKav,h úiska rlaIK iud.ïj, ysñldr;ajh"
fldñIka iNdj
Y%S ,xld tAll Ndr ix.uh fldgia m%d.aOkh" rlaIKlrejka yd ;e/õlrejka
jHjidh m%d.aOk iud.ï
úiska .kqfokqlrejkaf.a meñ◊,s yiqreùu iy
rlaIK m%;sm;a;sj, kshu yd fldkafoais m¯laId
foaYSh yd f.da,sh wdr®:ßl m%jK;djhkays
ls¯ug fhda‚; rlaIs;hka yg ksoyia mss˙laiqï
fjkiaùïj, m%;sM,hla f,i jir ;=< foaYSh
ld,hla ,nd°u hk lreKq iïnkaOfhka úOdk
uQ,H fj<|fmd< wLKav úp,khka iys;j
ksl=;a lrk ,°'
l%shd;aul úh' foaYSh uqo,a fj<|fmdf<ys w;s˙la;
øjYS,;djh jir ;=< ° ysÛ ;;a;ajhka olajd
l%ñlj my; jeàula fmkakqï l< w;r" 2016 8'2 nexl= wxYfha ld¾hidOkh
foieïnr® wjidkh jkúg w;s˙la; ;;a;ajhka nexl= wxYfha j;alï moku 2016 foieïnr®

8
olajd kej; <Ûd úh' foaYSh fj<|fmdf<ys
úfoaYSh úksuh i|yd b,aÆu by< hEu" wdkhk yd
ne∫Kq úfoaY úksuh b,aÆu by< hEu iy úfoaY
m%d.aOk .,dhEï by< hEfuka we;s jQ mSvkh ms<sìUq
lrñka 2016 jir ;=< ° t'c' fvd,rhg tfrysj
ui wjika jkúg remsh,a á%,shk 9 blaujñka jir
;=< ° remsh,a ì,shk 969 lska tkï ishhg 12'0
lska jr®Okh jqj o" tlS jr®Okh 2015 jifr® jdr®;d
jQ ishhg 15'9 yd iei°fï wvq w.hla úh' remsh,a
ì,shk 825 l Kh yd w;a;sldrïj, jr®Okh"

254
 uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdld¯;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj

j;alïj, by< hEu i|yd uQ,slju n,mE w;r" 8'2 ixLHd igyk
Kh yd w;a;sldrïj, jr®Okh i|yd uQ,sl nexl= iy nexl= YdLd jHdma;sh
jYfhka wruqo,a iïmdokh lrkq ,enqfõ jir 2015 2016
;=< ° ishhg 16'5 l jr®Okhla jdr®;d l< ;ekam;= jr®.SlrKh wjidkhg wjidkhg
u.sks' nexl= wxYfha uq`M Kh .ekSïj, 2015 jir ^w& ^wd&
;=< is≥jQ ishhg 21'4 l jr®Okh yd ii|k l," n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=
2016 jir ;=< ° ishhg 3'5 l RK jr®Okhla ⁄' uqΩ n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= ixLHdj 25 25
foaYh
S nexl= 13 13
jdr®;d lrñka remsh,a á%,shk 1'7 la olajd wvq úh' úfoaYhS nexl= 12 12
iuia; Khj, fuu wvqùu i|yd uQ,sl jYfhka ⁄⁄' uqΩ n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= tall 5,795 5,854
úfoaYSh uqo,ska .;a Kh t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk YdLd ^we& 2,925 2,984
319 lska wvqùu n,mdk ,o w;r th miq.sh jifr® foaYhS nexl= 2,705 2,763
úfoaYh S nexl= 220 221
meje;s uqΩ úfoaYSh úksuh Kh yd ii|k l, YsIH b;=reï tAll 2,870 2,870
ishhg 4'4 l wvqùuls' 2016 jir i|yd nexl= iajhxl%h
S fg,r® hka;% 3,188 3,523

wxYfha ,dNh by< hdula jdr®;d jQ w;r" th m%Odk n,m;%,dNS úfYAI; s nexl=
jYfhka Y=oaO fmd,S wd∞hfï by< hEu ksid is≥ ⁄' uqΩ n,m;%,dNS úfYaI;s nexl= ixLHdj 7 7
úh' jir ;=< ° nexl= wxYfha ,dN∞hS;ajfha is≥jQ cd;sl uÜgfï m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok nexl= 1 1
cd;sl uÜgfï b;s˙ls¯fï nexl= 1 1
jr®Okh" j;alï u; m%;s,dN wkqmd;h yd ysñlï ksjdi Kh wdh;k 2 2
u; m%;s,dN wkqmd;h hk ,dN∞hS;aj or®Ylj, fm!oa.,sl b;s˙ls¯ï iy ixjr®Ok nexl= 3 3
by< hEu u.ska ms<sìUq úh' nexl= wxYh jir ⁄⁄' uqΩ n,m;%,dNS úfYaI;s nexl= tall 799 805
;=< ° úplaIKYS,Sj wj∞kï l<ukdlrKh YdLd ^we& 624 630
cd;sl uÜgfï m%dfoaYh
S ixjr®Ok nexl= 255 255
lrñka" m%udKj;a øjYS,;djla yd m%d.aOkhla cd;sl uÜgfï b;s˙ls¯fï nexl= 223 228
wLKavj mj;ajd .kakd ,°' jir úiaila ;=< jdr®;d ksjdi Kh wdh;k 57 57
fm!oa.,sl b;s˙ls¯ï iy ixjr®Ok nexl= 89 90
lrk ,o wju wl%Sh Kh wkqmd;h jdr®;d lrñka YsIH b;=reï tAll 175 175
j;alïj, .=Kd;aulNdjh jir ;=< ° jeä †hqKq iajhxl%h
S fg,r® hka;% 289 320
úh' fï w;r" by< .sh fmd,S wkqmd; fya;=fjka uq`M nexl= YdLd iy wfkl=;a fiajd
imhk uOHia:dk ixLHdj 6,594 6,659
Kh fmd,S wkqmd; wj∞ku iy m%;sñ,lrK
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
wj∞ku jeä úh' kj YdLd iy iajhxl%Sh fg,r® ^wd& ;djld,sl
hka;% ia:dms; lrñka nexl= wxYfha fufyhqï
lghq;= jir ;=< ° ;j≥rg;a jHdma; lrk ,°' ls¯ug iy laIqøuQ,H jHdmdr lghq;= i|yd Wm
iud.ula ñhkaudrfha ia:dms; ls¯ug o wkque;sh
jHdmdr j¾Okh ,ndfok ,°'
^w& jHdma;sh( 2016 jir wjidkh jkúg ^wd& j;alï( nexl= moaO;sfha j;alï l<U 2016
nexl= wxYh n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= 25 lska jir ;=< ;j≥rg;a m%idrKh jQ w;r" jir w. jkúg
iy n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= 7 lska iukaú; th remsh,a á%,shk 9 la úh' iuia; j;alï l<U
úh' n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= w;r úfoaYSh nexl= m%Odk jYfhka Kh yd w;a;sldrïj,ska iukaú;
12 la úh' nexl= wxYh ish YdLd cd,h †jhsk mqrd jQ w;r" th nexl= moaO;sfha j;alïj,ska ishhg
jHdma; lrñka" uQ,H myiqlï i|yd we;s m%fõYh 61'2 l w.hla .kq ,eîh' ta wkqj" 2016 jifr®
jeä ls¯fuka jir mqrd wLKavj wdr®:ßl lghqq;= iuia; j;alï l<fUys jeäùug m%Odk fya;=j
iy ixjr®Okh i|yd ∞hl úh' ta wkqj" ldr®hlaIu jQfha" 2015 jifr® Kh l<fUys jQ ishhg 21'1
nexl= fiajdjla ,nd°u i|yd jir ;=< ° kj nexl= ^remsh,a ì,shk 821& l jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016
YdLd 70 la ^isiq b;=reï tall fkdue;sj& iy kj jifr® Kh l<fUys jQ ishhg 17'5 ^remsh,a ì,shk
iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% 366 la ia:dmkh lrñka 825& l jr®Okhhs' nexl= wxYh úiska wdr®:ßlfhys
2016 jir wjidkh jkúg iuia; nexl= YdLd ishÆu m%Odk wxY wdjrKh jk m˙† Kh yd

m%udKh 6"659 la olajd iy iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;%
ixLHdj 3"843 la olajd jr®Okh lr ;snq◊' jir
;=< ° tla foaYSh jd◊c nexl=jlg ;u YdLdjla
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8
w;a;sldrï ,nd ° ;sì◊' nexl= wxYfha Kh l<fUys
jeäùug ishhg 91'8 la muK ∞hl jQfha remsh,a
Khj, jeäùuhs' fuu jifr® Wlia Kh l<fUys
wvqùula olakg ,enqKq w;r" l,an≥ myiqlï
l<U 2015 jifr® jr®Okh jQ remsh,a ì,shk

255
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nexl= wxYfha j;alï iy j.lSï ixhq;sh nexl= wxYfha ;ekam;= ixhq;sh
2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd& fjki ^]& jákdlu ixhq;sh ^]&
whs;uh ^re' ì,shk&
whs;uh remsh,a
m%;sY;h
remsh,a
m%;sY;h
2015 2016 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd& 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
ì,shk ì,shk ^w& ^wd&
b,aÆï ;ekam;= 446.4 479.2 8.3 7.6
j;alï b;=reï ;ekam;= 1,729.6 1,858.1 32.0 29.5
Kh iy w;a;ls drï 4,715.3 58.4 5,540.8 61.2 21.1 17.5 ia:djr ;ekam;= 3,079.5 3,812.4 57.0 60.6
wdfhdack 2,347.6 29.1 2,270.5 25.1 21.8 -3.3 fjk;a ;ekam;= 147.6 145.8 2.7 2.3
fjk;a ^we& 1,014.6 12.6 1,235.3 13.7 -11.8 21.8 uqΩ ;ekam;= 5,403.1 6,295.6 100.0 100.0
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
j.lSï ^wd& ;djld,sl
;ekam;= 5,403.1 66.9 6,295.6 69.6 15.3 16.5
Kh .ekqï 1,758.4 21.8 1,696.4 18.8 21.4 -3.5
m%d.aOk wruqo,a 636.7 7.9 707.3 7.8 12.0 11.1 ishhg 37'1 la olajd wvq úh' úfoaY Kh .ekSï
fjk;a 279.2 3.5 347.3 3.8 3.9 24.4 remsh,a ì,shk 47'8 lska iy remsh,a Kh .ekSï
uqΩ j;alï$j.lSï 8,077.5 100.0 9,046.6 100.0 15.9 12.0 remsh,a ì,shk 14'2 lska wvqùu ksid nexl= wxYfhys
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl iuia; Kh .ekSï ishhg 3'5 l RK jr®Okhla
^we& uqo,a yd nexl= fYaIhka" ia:dmkhka" m%;s úl=Kqï fmkaùh' nexl= wxYfha iuia; Kh .ekSï i|yd
.súiqï iy ia:djr j;alï we;=<;a fõ'
by<u ∞hl;ajh ishhg 60'7 la jQ úfoaYSh uqo,ska
81'1 ^ishhg 52'9& g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® iq`M is≥ l< Kh .ekSï u.ska imhk ,°'
jYfhka remsh,a ì,shk 7'8 lska ^ishhg 3'3 lska&
^wE& fYaI m;% fkdjk wkdjrK( Ndú;d
jeä úh' n,m;%,dNS nexl= úiska fudagr® r:jdyk
fkdl< Kh iSudjka" b†˙ ñ,° .ekqï iy b†˙
ñ,° .ekSu i|yd ,ndfok Kh yd w;a;sldrï
úl=Kqï by< hEu fya;=fjka" jr®Ih ;=< ° fYaI
i|yd l%shd;aul lrk ,o Kh jákdlï wkqmd;h"
l,an≥ myiqlïj, is≥ jQ wvq jr®Okh i|yd m;% fkdjk wkdjrK remsh,a ì,shk 7"158 olajd
n,mdk ,°' fï w;r" 2016 jifr® ° wdfhdack remsh,a ì,shk 3"794 lska" tkï fo.=Khlg;a
l<U uq`M j;alï l<fUka ishhg 25'1 la olajd jvd jeä w.hlska by< .sfhah' fYaI m;% fkdjk
wvq jQ w;r" th 2015 jifr® jQ ishhg 21'8 l wkdjrKj,ska ishhg 81'3 la úfoaY úksuh
ie<lsh hq;= jr®Okhg idfmalaIj ishhg 3'3 l ñ,° .ekSï ^ishhg 37'2&" úfoaY úksuh úl=Kqï
RK jr®Okhla úh' ^ishhg 29'1& iy Ndú;d fkdl< Kh iSudjka
^ishhg 15'0& hk wxYhkaf.ka iukaú; jQ w;r"
^we& j.lSï( j;alï l<U m%Odk jYfhka
b;s˙h wemlr yd ne∫ïlr" f,aÅ; Kh" m%;s.%yK"
uQ,Hhkh lrk ,oafoa ;ekam;= u.ska jQ w;r" tys
jHq;amkakj,ska iukaú; úh'
m%udKh nexl= wxYfha iuia; j.lSïj,ska ishhg
69'6 la úh' m%Odk jYfhka nexl= wxYfhys ;ekam;=
8'1 rEm igyk
moku by< hdug ld,Sk remsh,a ;ekam;=j,
nexl= wxYfha fYaI m;% fkdjk whs;u
jr®Okh fya;= úh' ld,Sk ;ekam;=" miq.sh jifr® ^2016 wjidkhg&
jdr®;d l< ishhg 13'9 l jr®Okh yd iei£fï° m%;s.%yK fjk;a
2016 jr®Ifha° ishhg 23'8 l jr®Okhla fmkaúh' 2] 2]

jHq;amkak
tys m%;sM,hla f,i" ld,Sk ;ekam;=j, ∞hl;ajh 3]
iuia; ;ekam;=j, m%;sY;hla f,i 2015 jr®Ifha
f,aÅ; Kh
° jQ ishhg 57'0 isg 2016 jr®Ifha° ishhg 60'6 4]
olajd jr®Okh úh' fï w;r" b;=reï yd cx.u
;ekam;=j, jr®Okh" 2015 jr®Ifha° ms<sfj,ska wemlr iy
úfoaY úksuh
b†˙ ñ,° .ekqqï
ishhg 18'3 iy ishhg 17'2 la jQ w;r" ta yd ne∫ïlr
8]
37]
iei£fï° 2016 jr®Ifha° ms<sfj<ska ishhg 7'4 l

8
iy ishhg 7'3 l wvq jr®Okhla fmkakqï lrk
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Ndú;d fkdl<
;=< ° fmd,S wkqmd;j, is≥ jQ by< hEu fya;= úh' Kh iSudjka
úfoaY úksuh
b†˙ úl=Kqï
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jifr® jdr®;d l< ishhg 40'3 isg 2016 jr®Ifha° uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j

256
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nexl= wxYfha wlS%h Kh w;r" iuia; Khj,ska ishhg 50 lg jeä
250 5.6 6
m%udKhla b†ls¯ï ^ishhg 17'8&" fjf<| ^ishhg
5
14'0&" ksIamdok ^ishhg 10'7& iy lDIsldr®ñl yd
200
3.8
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remsh,a ì,shk

3.7 4
150 3.2

2.2
100
50
117 191
0 0
2012 2013
o< wlS%h Kh
^jï wlaIh&
nexl= wxYfha wjodkï
^w& Kh wj∞ku( by< .sh Kh iy nexl=j,
Kh l<fUys jQ m%idrKh fya;=fjka wj∞ku
u; nr ;enQ Kh j;alï m%udKh jr®Ih ;=< °
by< .sfhah' nexl= úiska Kh whlr .ekSu i|yd
wkq.ukh lrk ,o ±ä m%;sm;a;s fya;=fjka jr®Ih
wjidkh jkúg Khj, .=Kd;aulNdjh ie<lsh
hq;= uÜgulska jr®Okh úh' remsh,a ì,shk
10'6 lska wl%Sh Kh my< hdu fya;=fjkaa" 2015
jr®Ifha ° ishhg 3'2 laj mej;s o< wl%Sh Kh
wkqmd;h" 2016 jr®Ifha° ishhg 2'6 la olajd ;j≥rg;a
wvq úh' úfYaIs; fjkals¯ï wdjrK wkqmd;h ishhg
52'1 la f,i jdr®;d lrñka wl%Sh Kh u; jQ úfYaIs;
fjkals¯ï by< .sh w;r" th uq`M fjkals¯ï remsh,a
ì,shk 6'9 lska by< hEug fya;= úh'
ishhg
2.6 2.6 3 ^wd& fjf<|fmd< wj∞ku( úfoaY úksuh
1.7 2
wj∞ku i|yd jk m%d.aOk fjkals¯ïj, by<
1.2
1
hdu ksid fjf<|fmd< wj∞kug w∞< wj∞ku
165 153 142 u; nr ;enQ j;alï w.h 2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a
2014 2015 2016 ì,shk 125 l isg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk
144 la olajd jeä úh'
o< wlS%h Kh Y=oaO wlS%h Kh
wkqmd;slh wkqmd;slh
^ol=Kq wlaIh& ^ol=Kq wlaIh&
fmd,S wkqmd;( jir ;=< fjf<|fmd< fmd,S
wkqmd;h by< hdu ksid nexl= wxYfha m%;sñ,lrK
uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
wj∞ku by< hk ,°' úp,kh jk NdKavd.dr
ne∫ïlr fmd,S wkqmd; uOHfha jqjo" NdKavd.dr
ne∫ïlr úls”u u.ska remsh,a ì,shk 3'2 l
Y=oaO m%d.aOk ,dNhla nexl= wxYh úiska jir ;=<
° jdr®;d lrk ,°' ;jo" jr®Ihla olajd iuqÉÑ;
wkqmd; ixfõ° mr;rh" tkï jr®Ihla olajd nexl=
wxYfha fmd,S wkqmd;slj,g ixfõ° j;alï iy
j.lSï w;r mr;rh" jr®Ihla olajd nexl= wxYfha
fmd,S wkqmd;slj,g ixfõ° j;alïj,g olajk
wkqmd;slh" 2015 jifr® mej;s RK ishhg 17'3
isg 2016 jir wjidkh jkúg RK ishhg 33'7
olajd mq`M,a úh'
fldgia ñ, .Kka( nexl= wxYh fldgia
fjf<|fmdf<a ,ehsia;=.; fldgiaj, l<
wdfhdack remsh,a ì,shk 22'1 l wvq uÜgul
mej;Su ksid fldgia fjf<|fmd< wj∞ku wvq

8'3 rEm igyk 8'4 rEm igyk

nexl= wxYfha wlS%h Kh i|yd nexl= wxYfha Kh ixhq;sfhys wdxYsl odhl;ajh
fjka lsÍï ^2016 wjidkhg&
120 80
.ukd .uk fiajd
70.0 3] 2]

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70
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28.0 60 4]
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80
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50 ixpdrl
15.2 18.2 52.1 5] 18]
ishhg

41.4 46.9
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13.9 39.7
5]
32.5 30
40 há;,
20 myiqlï fjk;a
20 7] 15]
10
uq,H fiajd

8
48.3 62.1 65.7 71.6 74.1
0 0 7]
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
lDIs iy ëjr
úfYaIs; fjkals¯ï ^jï wlaIh& idudkH fjkals¯ï ^jï wlaIh&
9]
o< wlS%h Kh wkqmd;slhg uqΩ o< wlS%h Kh wkqmd;slhg úfYaIs;
ksIamdok fj<|
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2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd& fjki ^re' ì,shk&

whs;uh
re' ì,shk m%;sY;h re' ì,shk m%;sY;h 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&

NdKavd.dr ì,am;a 683.1 28.1 506.6 20.5 105.5 -176.5

NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr 680.5 28.0 843.0 34.2 -111.6 162.6
Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr 463.1 19.1 451.7 18.3 72.8 -11.4
uqo,a 116.1 4.8 122.0 4.9 18.8 5.9
b,aÆï ;ekam;= 141.8 5.8 114.8 4.7 35.4 -27.0
nexl= .sKïq j, fYaIhka 229.0 9.4 322.2 13.1 41.4 93.2
fjk;a 113.3 4.7 105.6 4.3 22.7 -7.7

øjYS, j;alïj, tl;=j 2,426.9 100.0 2,465.9 100.0 185.0 39.0

^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl

uÜgul mej;s◊' fuu wkdjrK nexl= wxYfha
uq`M wdfhdack iy uq`M j;alïj,ska ms<sfj,ska
ishhg 1'4 la iy ishhg 0'4 la úh'
úksuh wkqmd;sl wj∞ku( jir ;=< úfoaY
uqo,ska ,nd.;a Kh wvqùula olakg ,enqK o"
úfoaY uqo,a ;ekam;= by< hdu ksid nexl= wxYfha
úfoaY úksuh wj∞ku jir ;=< by< hdula olakg
,enq◊' nexl= wxYfha úfoaYSh uqo,ska /ia lrk ,o
j;alïj, m%udKh" úfoaYSh uqo,ska /ia lrk ,o
j.lSïj,g jvd remsh,a ì,shk 16'4 lska jeä úh'
2016 jir wjidkfha iuia; nexl= wxYfha w;s˙la;
úfoaY úksuh wkdjrKh" tys kshduk m%d.aOkfha
iy fYaI m;% j;alïj, m%;sY;hla f,i ms<sfj,ska
ishhg 2'1 iy ishhg 0'2 la f,i jdr®;d úh' ;jo"
t'c'fvd,rhg idfmalaIj remsh, wjm%udKh ùu
8'5 rEm igyk
nexl= wxYfha øjYS,;d wkqmd;sl
80
70
71.1
66.1
63.5
60
50 45.5
47.9
ishhg
ksid nexl= wxYh 2016 jir wjidkh jkúg
remsh,a ì,shk 12'3 l ,dNhla jdr®;d lf<ah'
^we& øjYS,;d wj∞ku( Kh i|yd jQ by<
b,aÆu uOHfha jqjo" nexl= wxYh 2016 jir ;=<
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foaYSh nexl= wxYfha yd wlafjr< nexl= wxYfha
jHjia:dms; øjYS, j;alï wkqmd;sl ms<sfj,ska
ishhg 30'0 la iy ishhg 35'3 la f,i by<
w.hla jdr®;d lrñka tajdg w∞< wju jHjia:dms;
øjYS,;d uÜgï wkqmd;slj,g jvd by< w.hl
mj;ajd .ekSug yels úh' flfia jqjo" foaYSh nexl=
wxYfha jHjia:dms; øjYS, j;alï wkqmd;h" by<
Kh °u fya;=fjka mokï wxl 400 lska my<
.sfhah' ta wkqj" Kh iy ;ekam;= w;r wkqmd;slh
2015 jifr® ° meje;s ishhg 87'3 isg 2016 jir
wjidkfha ° ishhg 88'0 la olajd jr®Okh úh'
jir ;=< øjYS, j;alï yd iuia; j;alï
w;r wkqmd;h iy øjYS, j;alï yd ;ekam;=
65.8
69.3 w;r wkqmd;h ms<sfj<ska mokï wxl 280 lska iy
mokï wxl 575 lska my< hk ,°' nexl= wxYfha
44.9 iuia; øjYS, j;alï remsh,a ì,shk 2"466 la jQ

39.5 39.2
40 37.5
31.3
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33.9 w;r" NdKavd.dr ì,am;a" NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr" Y%S
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30
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27.3
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20
iuia; øjYS, j;alïj,ska ishhg 86'1 lg odhl
10
úh'

8
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

;ekam;= yd Kh .ekSïj,g jHjia:dms; øjYS, j;alï wkqmd;slh- nexl= wxYfha iuqÉÑ; j.lSïj, m%;sY;hla
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ishhg

ishhg
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2 10
-10
ishhg

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1 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 5
-15

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-25
fmd,S j;alï u; ysñlï u;
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uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j

uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j

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wjYH;d i|yd nexl= wxYfha øjYS,;d wdjrK fï w;r" fufyhqï úhoug fiajl ms˙jeh olajk
wkqmd;hka ms<sfj,ska ishhg 199'2 la iy ishhg wkqmd;h my< hEu fya;=fjka ldr®hlaIu;d
152'8 la jQ w;r th 2016 jir wjidk jk úg wkqmd;h tkï" fmd,S fkdjk úhou uqΩ wd∞hfï
mej;sh hq;= wju jHjia:dms; wjYH;djh jk m%;sY;hla f,i olajk wkqmd;h mokï wxl
ishhg 70'0 lg jvd b;d by< uÜgul meje;s◊' 164 lska jr®Okh úh'
^wd& m%d.aOkh( ´kEu wdldrhl wys;lr
,dNodhs;ajh iy m%d.aOk iïm;a
lïmkhkaf.ka we;s úh yels wj∞kï
^w& ,dN∞hs;ajh( fmd,S úhou ishhg wjfYdaIKh lr .ekSfï yelshdj by< kxjd
39'4 lska jr®Okh ùu fya;=fjka 2015 jirg .ksñkaa" fuu jir ;=< ° ;sridr m%d.aOk
idfmalaIj nexl= wxYfha Y=oaO fmd,S wd∞hu wvq uÜgula mj;ajdf.k hdug nexl= wxYh iu;a
jr®Ok fõ.hla fmkakqï lrñka 2016 jifr® ° úh' tfukau" nexl=j, m%d.aOk m%udKd;aul;d
ishhg 14'4 lska jr®Okh úh' flfia jqjo" idudkH wkqmd;hka wvqjk Wmk;shla fmkakqï l< o"
j;alïj, m%;sY;hla jYfhka .;a l, Y=oaO fmd,S tajd wju kshduk wjYH;d uÜgug jvd by<ska
wd∞hu 2016 jifr® ° iqΩ jYfhka jr®Okh úh' mj;ajdf.k hkq ,eîh' 2016 jr®Ih i|yd ;lafiare
jir ;=< ° úfoaY úksuh wd∞hfï jr®Okh RK
w.hla fmkakqï l< o fmd,S fkdjk wd∞hu 8'6 ixLHd igyk
ishhg 6 lska muK jr®Okh úh' nexl= wxYfha ,dNodhs;ajh

fiajl ms˙jeh by< hdu fya;=fjka fmd,S 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
fkdjk úhou o ishhg 10'6 l ie<lsh hq;=
whs;uh idudkH
jákdlu j;alïj,
idudkH
jákdlu j;alïj,
^re' ì,shk& m%;sY;hla ^re' ì,shk& m%;sY;hla
uÜgulska jeä úh' nexl= wxYfha n≥ miq ,dNh f,i f,i
remsh,a ì,shk 116 la jQ w;r th ishhg 19'5 lska Y=oO
a fmd,S wd∞hu 265.8 3.6 304.1 3.6

jr®Okh ù we;' ysñlï u; m%;s,dN wkqmd;h fmd,S wd∞hu 590.9 7.9 757.4 8.9
fmd,S úhou 325.1 4.3 453.2 5.3
mokï wxl 110 l jr®Okhla fmkakqï lrñka fmd,S fkdjk wd∞hu 97.5 1.3 102.9 1.2
fuu jir ;=< ° ishhg 17'3 l m%;sY;hla úfoaYhS yqjudre wd∞hu 27.5 0.4 26.0 0.3
fmd,S fkdjk úhou 178.4 2.4 197.3 2.3
jdr®;d lf<ah' flfia jqjo" 2015 jifr® ° ishhg fiajl ms˙jeh

8
89.3 1.2 98.3 1.2
1'3 la jQ j;alï u; m%;s,dN wkqmd;h" 2016 jir wl%hS Kh u; fjka ls¯ï 18.7 0.3 11.1 0.1
;=< ° ishhg 1'4 la olajd iqΩ jYfhka jeä n≥ fmr ,dNh ^tl;= l<
w.h u; n≥ wvq l< miq& 139.9 1.9 164.3 1.9
úh' fmd,S wdka;slh ishhg 3'6 l fkdfjkia n≥ miq ,dNh 97.0 1.3 116.0 1.4
uÜgul mej;s◊' 2015 jifr® ° ishhg 73'1 la j ^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
meje;s wd∞hï u; jQ ms˙jeh wkqmd;h 2016 jir ^wd& ;djld,sl

259
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

8'8 rEm igyk w;r" ishhg 9'6 l m%udKhla ksfhdackh lrkq

nexl= wxYfha m%d.aOk m%udKd;aul;dj
,enqfõ ia:djr j;alï m%;Hd.Kkh ls¯fuka ,o
6,000 20 ixÑ;hkaah' fuu jir ;=< ° nexl= úiska l%shdld¯

16.4
17.6
16.6 18 f,i Khlr ksl=;a ls¯fuka iy wNHka;˙lj
5,000 15.4
14.3 16
14.7 14.9 14
W;amdokh lrk ,o wd∞hfuka fldgila fkdfn∞
14.1
remsh,a ì,shk

4,000
r|jd .ekSfuka kshduk wjYH;djhkag wkql+,j

ishhg
13.0 12
11.4
3,000 10
8
m%d.aOkh ;sridr uÜgul r|jd .ekSu ksid nexl=
2,000
6 wxYfha m%d.aOk uÜgu ;j≥rg;a Yla;su;a úh'
4
1,000
2,601 2,942 3,498 4,291 5,062
2 wëlaIK iy kshduk lghq;=j, m%.;sh
0 0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
nexl= wxYfhys iqrlaIs;Ndjh yd Yla;su;aNdjh
uQ,sl m%d.aOk
wj∞kï u; nr
wkqmd;slh ^ol=Kq
iuia; m%d.aOk m%jr®Okh ls¯u iy tu.ska uQ,H lafIa;%h
;enQ j;alï ^jï wkqmd;slh
wlaIh& wlaIh& ^ol=Kq wlaIh& ms<sn|j uyck;djf.a úYajdih by< kexùu
uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j wruqKq lrf.k Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska
n,m;%,dNS nexl=j, kshduk yd wëlaIK rduqj
lrk ,o ,dNh o we;=<;a ls¯fuka miq uQ,sl Yla;su;a ls¯u i|yd mshjr .kakd ,°' fï
m%d.aOk m%udKd;aul;d wkqmd;h (CAR) iy iuia; wkqj" m˙.Kl moaO;s wdrlaIKh iïnkaOfhka
m%d.aOk m%udKd;aul;d wkqmd;h 2016 foieïnr® jk wj∞ku jeäùu ie<ls,a,g .ksñka 2016
ui wjidkh jkúg ms<sfj,ska ishhg 11'4 la yd ckjd˙ 25 jeks †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙†
ishhg 14'3 la úh' m<uq fm< m%d.aOkfhka yd ishÆu n,m;%,dNS nexl=j, is≥jk m˙.Kl
fojk fm< m%d.aOkfhka iukaú; jk kshduk moaO;s wj∞kï isoaê" tajd y∫kdf.k jevlrk
m%d.aOkfhka ishhg 80 lg ∞hl;ajh ±lajQfha †kla ;=< iy iEu ldr®;=jla wjidkfha isg †k
m<uq fm< m%d.aOkhhs' m<uq fm< m%d.aOkh uQ,sl 15 la we;=<; jdr®;d ls¯u i|yd kj pl%f,aLhla
jYfhka fldgia m%d.aOkh" r|jd.;a ,dN iy ksl=;a lrk ,°' nexl= u.ska md˙fNda.slhka fj;
fmd≥ yd wfkl=;a ixÑ;hkaf.ka iukaú; úh' wkdjrKh lrkq ,nk f;dr;=re jvd;a mq`M,a
fojk fm< m%d.aOkfhka wdikak jYfhka ishhg ls¯fï wruqK we;sj ishÆu n,m;%,dNS nexl=
85'8 l m%udKhla Wmldrl Khj,ska iukaú; jQ úiska zz,xld fiÜ,aZZ (LankaSettle) moaO;sh" Y%S
8'7 ixLHd igyk
,xld wka;r® nexl= f.ùï moaO;sh (SLIPs) iy
nexl= wxYfha kshduk m%d.aOk ixhq;sh úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯fï fmd≥ hdka;%Kh (CEFTs)
jákdlu
yryd is≥flfrk wruqo,a yqjudre ls¯ï i|yd
^re' ì,shk& ixhq;sh ^]&

whs;uh md˙fNda.slhkaf.ka whlr .kakd fiajd .dia;=
2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd& 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
m%:u ia:rh 560.0 578.6 100.0 100.0 ishÆu nexl= YdLd iy nexl= fjí wvúj, m%or®Ykh
fldgia m%d.aOkh 165.7 185.4 29.6 32.0 ls¯u wksjdr®h lrñka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska
jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wruqo,a 34.3 34.2 6.1 5.9
2016 fmnrjd˙ ui 10 jeks †k isg l%shd;aul
fkdfn¥ ,dN 216.7 199.8 38.7 34.5
fmd≥ yd wfkl=;a ixÑ; 166.9 167.2 29.8 28.9 jk m˙† kj pl%f,aLhla 2016 fmnrjd˙ ui 01
fjk;a 0.6 16.8 0.1 2.9 jeks †k ksl=;a lrk ,°' fuf,i m%or®Ykh lrk
kshdul .e,mSï -24.2 -24.8 -4.3 -4.3
ishÆu .dia;= uy nexl=j úiska l,ska ksr®Kh l<
fojk ia:rh 101.3 145.0 100.0 100.0
m%;Hd.Kk ixÑ; 13.9 13.9 13.7 9.6 iy ±kqï≥ka .dia;= úh hq;= fõ'

8
Wmldrl Kh 83.1 124.4 82.0 85.8
fmd≥ fjkal¯ s ï iy fjk;a 20.1 24.0 19.9 16.5
oaú;Shsl fjf<|fmd, ;=< rcfha iq/l=ïm;a
kshdul .e,mSï -15.8 -17.3 -15.5 -11.9 .kqfokq m%jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd tu .kqfokqj,
iuia; m%d.aOk moku 661.3 723.6
mdroDYHNdjh jr®Okh ls¯u iy ñ, wkdjrKh
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl wruqKq lrf.k Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska

260

úfYaI igyk 10
nexl=j, Tfrd;a;=§fï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd m%d.aOk kshdukhka iúu;a lsÍu
1' ye¢kaùu
2008-2010 ld,jljdkqj ;=< mek ke`.=Kq f.da,Sh
uQ,H wr®nqoh" uQ,H kshdulhka yg uQ,H wdh;khkays
iqrlaIs;;djh iy wLKav;djh ;yjqre ls¯u i|yd
mj;akd kshduk rduqj Yla;su;a ls¯ug;a" kj
fr.=,dis y∫kajd°ug;a fhduq fl˙◊' nexl= u.ska
is≥lrk ,o Wm-m%uqL Wlia Kh (Sub-prime
Mortgages) iq/l=ïlrKh (Securitizations) ksid
fYaI m;%h ;=< yd bka m˙ndysrj f.dvke.=Kq
wêl wj∞ku ;=<ska we;s jQ wêl w,dNhka
fya;=fldg f.k nexl=j, m%d.aOkh iS>%fhka ySk úh'
zzwiu;a ùug fkdyels ;rï úYd,ZZ hehs fjf<|fmd<
úiska i,lkq ,nk lSr®;su;a yd úYd, j;alï
w.hka iys; f,dj mqrd jQ uQ,H wdh;k rdYshlau
fï ksid oreKq f,i n,mEug ,laúh' ta wkqj"
fjk;a uQ,H wdh;k úiska w;am;a lr .ekSu fyda
taldnoaO ls¯u" rchg mjrd .ekSu" ndysr mdr®Yj
úiska fírd .ekSu (Bail-out) we;=`M úúO l%u u.ska
iuyr úYd, wdh;k mej;s wr®nqo ;;a;ajfhka .,jd
.kq ,enQ w;r iuyrla uQ,H wdh;k nqkaj;a nj
(Insolvent) m%ldYhg m;als¯u fyda wEjr (Liquidate)
ls¯u is≥lrk ,°' fujeks m%;súmdl fya;=fjka f,dj
mqrd uQ,H kshdulhkag nexl=j, m%d.aOk uÜgïj,
.=Kd;aulNdjh iy m%udKh jeä †hqKq ls¯fï
wjYH;djh mek k.sk ,°' fï wkqj nexl=j, wju
m%d.aOk wjYH;d by< oeóu;a" tu wjYH;d w,dN
wjfYdaIKh ls¯fï jeä yelshdjla we;s idudkH
f ldgia" fldgia wê ñ, iy r|jd.;a bmehqï jeks
m%d.aOk ixrpl u.ska mQr®Kh ls¯ug;a wjOdkh
fhduqlrk ,°'
2' m%d.aOkh iïnkaO kshdukhkaf.a úldYkh - ndi,a
m%d.aOk iïuq;sh
2'1 ndi,a ys msysá cd;Hka;r mshùï nexl=j (Bank
for International Settlements) uQ,ia:dkh
fldg.;a nexl= wëlaIKh ms<sn| ndi,a lñgqj
úiska m%d.aOk m%udKd;aul;d kshduk ms<sn|
cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Ska ud,djla y∫kajd≥ka w;r
fïjd ndi,a iïuq;Ska kñka ye¢kafõ' fuys
m%:u w†hr ^ndi,a I&" 1988 jifr® ° y∫kajd≥ka
w;r fï hgf;a ishÆu nexl= ;ukaf.a wj∞ku
u; nr ;nk ,o j;alï m%udKfhka ishhg
8 l wju m%d.aOk m%udKd;aul;d wkqmd;hla
mj;ajdf.k hEug ksr®foaY lrk ,°' fuys
fojk w†hr f,i 2004 jifr® ° ndi,a II
iïuq;Ska y∫kajd≥ka w;r th wdOdrl ;=klska
tkï" wju m%d.aOk wjYH;d" wëlaIK úuiqï
l%shdj,sh iy fjf<|fmd< úkh hk wx.j,ska
iukaú; úh'
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdld¯;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj
2'2 f.da,Sh uQ,H wr®nqohg m%;spdr olajñka ndi,a
II hgf;a y∫kajd≥ka wdOdrl ;%s;ajh ;j≥rg;a
mq`M,a lrñka m%d.aOk m%udKd;aul;d rduqj
iún, .ekaùu i|yd kj ixrpl lsysmhla
iu`.ska jeä †hqKq l< f.da,Sh m%ñ;Ska
^ndi,a III& 2010 foieïnr® ui° y∫kajd fok
,°'
fuu m%ñ;Ska u.ska .=Kd;aul m%d.aOkh by<
kexùu" rgj,a$l,dm w;r mj;sk m%d.aOk
ksr®jpkhkaf.a úIu;d bj;a ls¯u iy m%d.aOkfha
.=Kd;aulNdjh ixikaokh iy ;lafiare ls¯u i|yd
m%fhdackj;a jk wkdjrK wjYH;d jeä †hqKq ls¯ug
wjOdkhfhduqlr we;' ndi,a III wjYH;d 2013
ckjd˙ ui 01 jk †k isg w†hfrka w†hr l%shdjg
kexùu wdrïN lrk ,°'
3' ndi,a m%d.aOk iïuq;sfha uQ,sldx.
3'1 m%d.aOk ksr®jpkh
ndi,a kshdukhka u.ska m%d.aOkfha wvx.= úh
hq;= uQ,sl wx. ksr®Kh lr we;s w;r" tajd kï"
^⁄& m<uq fm< m%d.aOkh (Tier I Capital) -
wLKav meje;au i|yd jQ m%d.aOkh (Going
Concern Capital)
÷ m<uq fm< idudkH fldgia m%d.aOkh
(Common Equity Tier I Capital)
÷ m<uq fm< w;sfr®l m%d.aOkh
^⁄⁄& fojk fm< m%d.aOkh (Tier II Capital) -
wLKav meje;au i|yd fkdjk m%d.aOkh
(Gone Concern Capital)
ndi,a lñgqj úiska fuu m%d.aOkhka by; i|yka
ta ta m%d.aOk ldKavhka i|yd we;=<;a ls¯ug w∞,
ksr®Kdhlhka b†˙m;a lr we;' ;jo" fuu m%d.aOk
ixrplhka my; ±lafjk m˙† wLKavj mj;ajdf.k
hdu o wksjdr®h fõ'
÷ m<uq fm< idudkH fldgia m%d.aOkh wj∞ku
u; nr ;nk ,o j;alï m%udKfhka wju
jYfhka ishhg 4'5
÷ m<uq fm< m%d.aOkh wj∞ku u; nr ;nk ,o
j;alï m%udKfhka ishhg 6'0
÷ uq`M m%d.aOkh ^m<uq iy fojk fm<& wj∞ku
u; nr ;nk ,o j;alï m%udKfhka ishhg 8'0
8
3'2 wNHka;r mdr®Yj úiska uqojd .ekSu i|yd jk
m%;smdok (Bail-in Provision)
ndi,a lñgqj úiska wNHka;r mdr®Yjhka úiska
uqojd .ekSu i|yd jk kshduhka y∫kajd≥ka
261
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
w;r tu.ska wr®nqo ;;a;ajhkays° w∞, nexl=
uqojd .ekSï i|yd ndysr mdr®Yjhkaf.a
ue†y;aùïj,g m%:ufhka nexl=fõ Kh
ysñhkayg Bg iyNd.sùug wjia:dj ,nd°u
wfmalaId flfr®' fuys° uQ,H wdh;khla
;j≥rg;a mj;ajdf.k hdug fkdyels
wjia:djl° (Point of non-viability kshdulhdf.a
wNsu;h m˙† w;sfr®l m<uq fm< iy fojk fm<
m%d.aOkfha we;=<;a hg;a Khlr (Subordinated
Debentures) fldgia njg m˙jr®;kh l< yels
fõ' fuu uQ,H WmlrK kshduk m%d.aOkhg
we;=<;a ls¯u i|yd iq≥iqlï ,eîug kï
tajd m˙jr®;H;dj (Convertibility) iys;j
ksl=;a lr ;sîu wksjdr®h fõ' tu.ska m%d.aOk
uÜgï hïlsis uÜgulg jvd my; jeàfï°
w∞, wêld˙h úiska nexl=j uqojd .ekSug
(Bail-out) m%:ufhka wiïNdjH m˙jr®;H
m%d.aOk WmlrK (Contingent Convertible
Capital Instruments) fhd∞ .ksñka tu
w,dNhka wjfYdaIKhg lghq;= ls¯u i|yd
nexl= fj; wjir ° we;'
3'3 m%d.aOk ixrlaIK iajdrlaIlh (Capital
Conservation Buffer) y∫kajd°u
whym;a ld,hkays° m%fhdackhg .; yels
jk f,i hym;a ld,hkays° nexl= úiska
m%d.aOk iajdrlaIl f.dvkexùu ;yjqre ls¯u
i|yd ndi,a III kshduk rduqj hgf;a m%d.aOk
ixrlaIK iajdrlaIl y∫kajd ° we;' wu;r
m%d.aOk iajdrlaIl f.dvke.Su u.ska nexl=
;ukaf.a bmehSïj,ska ie<lsh hq;= m%udKhla
,dNdxY f,i fldgialrejka w;r fn∞ fkd°
r|jd ;nd .ekSug fhduq lrjk w;r fuu.ska
fldgialrejkaf.a whs;sjdislïj,g jvd jeä
m%uqLia:dkhla ;ekam;=lrejkaf.a whs;sjdislï
fj; ,nd°u is≥flfr®' fï wkqj 2019 ckjd˙
ui 01 †k jkúg m<uq fm< idudkH fldgia
m%d.aOkfhka iukaú; ishhg 2'5 l m%d.aOk
ixrlaIK iajdrlaIlhla mj;ajdf.k hdug
nexl= úiska lghq;= l< hq;=h'
3'4 f.da,Sh jYfhka moaO;suh jeo.;alula we;s
nexl= (Global Systemically Important
Banks-G-SIBs) y∫kd .ekSu
uQ,H wr®nqo iufha° f.da,Shj il%Sh uyd
8
m˙udK nexl=j, lvd jeàu iy tu.ska
uQr®; wdr®:slhg jQ n,mEu ie<ls,a,g
.ksñka" fmd≥fõ ishÆu nexl=j,g w∞,
m%d.aOk m%udKd;aul;d wjYH;djkag wu;rj
fujeks uyd m˙udK nexl= Yla;su;a ls¯ug
262
iy tajd wdr®:sl lïmkj,g Tfrd;a;= °u
i|yd yev.eiaiùug we;s wjYH;djh ndi,a
lñgqj úiska y∫kd.kakd ,°' fï wkqj
nexl=j, m%udKh" wka;r® iïnkaO;djhka" tu
wdh;k úiska imhk fiajd i|yd ±kg we;s
wdfoaYl fyda uQ,H wdh;k há;, myiqlïj,
we;s ys`.;djh" f.da,Sh l%shdld˙;ajh iy
ixlSr®K;djh hk lreKq ie<ls,a,g .ksñka
f.da,Sh jYfhka moaO;suh jeo.;alula we;s
nexl= fjkalr y∫kdf.k we;' lvdjeàug
we;s iïNdú;dj wvq ls¯u i|yd fujeks
nexl= ;u w,dN wjfYdaIKh ls¯fï
yelshdjka by< ±óug lghq;= l< hq;= w;r" ta
i|yd m<uq fm< idudkH fldgia m%d.aOkfhka
iukaú; w;sfr®l m%d.aOk iajdrlaIlhla
^wj∞ku u; nr ;nk ,o j;alï m%udKfhka
ishhg 1'0 isg ishhg 3'5 olajd& mj;ajd.;
hq;=h'
3'5 wdr®:sl pl%hg m%;súreoaOj f.dvke.sh hq;=
m%d.aOk iajdrlaIl (Countercyclical Buffer)
y∫kajd°u
wdr®:slfha wêl Kh jr®Okh ksid nexl= moaO;sh
mqrd f.dvke.sh yels wj∞kï ;;a;ajhg
uqyqK°u i|yd wdr®:sl pl%hg m%;súreoaOj
f.dvke.sh hq;= m%d.aOk iajdrlaIl rduqjla
y∫kajdfok ,°' ta wkqj cd;sl wêld˙hla úiska
hï wdldrhl wj∞kï ;;a;ajhla y∫kd.kakd
wjia:djl° nexl=j, wj∞ku u; nr ;nk
j;alï m%udKfhka ishhg 0 isg ishhg 2'5
olajd mrdihl m%;súreoaO pl%Sh m%d.aOk
iajdrlaIlhla kshu ls¯fï n,h tu wdh;kh
i;=j we;'
3'6 f;da,k wkqmd; y∫kajd°u
f.da,Sh uQ,H wr®nqo iufha° uQ,H lafIa;%
kshduk wdh;k úiska wr®nqoh i|yd fya;= jQ
m%Odk lreKla f,i y∫kd.kq ,enqfõ nexl=
úiska ys;lr uÜgfï m%d.aOk wkqmd; fmkakqï
lrk w;r;=ru fYaI m;%h ;=< yd bka m˙ndysrj
f.dvk.k ,o wêl f;da,khkah' fuu
lreK fya;=fldg f.k ndi,a lñgqj úiska
jvd;a ir," mdroDYH iy wj∞ku u; mokï
fkdjQ f;da,k wkqmd;hla" wj∞kï u; mokï
jQ m%d.aOk wjYH;djhkag m˙mQrlj y∫kajdfok
,°' fï wkqj" lñgqj úiska fYaIh m;%h ;=<
iy bka m˙ndysr ksrdjrKhkaf.ka ie≥ï,;a
ishÆu ksrdjrKhkag uq`M m%d.aOkfhka
ishhg 3'0 l m%:u ia:rfha wju f;da,k
wkqmd;hla mj;ajdf.k hd hq;= njg ;SrKh
lr we;'

3'7 m%;smdr®Yj Kh wj∞kï rduqj (Counterparty
Credit Risk Framework) i|yd jk
m%;sixialrK
ndi,a III hgf;a m%;smdr®Yj Kh wj∞kug jk
ksrdjrKh ùï fjkqfjka m%d.aOk wjYH;d
Yla;su;a ls¯u iy jHq;amkak" m%;sñ,°.ekqï
iy iq/l=ïm;a i|yd uqo,a fhoùï ksid we;s
úh yels wj∞kï l<ukdlrKh ls¯u i|yd
.;hq;= l%shdudr®. y∫kajd° we;' fï wkqj
m%;smdr®Yjhkaf.a Kh .ekSug we;s fhda.H;dj
ySkùu ksid is≥úh yels fjf<|fmd<g wkqj
ñ, ;eîfï° jk w,dN i|yd (Marked to
Market Losses) m%d.aOk Ndrhla (Capital
Charge) .Kkh ls¯ug nexl= úiska lghq;=
l< hq;=h'
4' Y%S ,xldfõ n,m;%,dNS nexl= i|yd ndi,a III l%shdjg
kexùu
m%d.aOk m%udKd;aul;d wkqmd; y∫kajd°u;a
iu`.u 2008 jifr® isg Y%S ,xldj ;=< ndi,a
m%d.aOk kshduk rduqj l%shdjg kexùug lghq;= lr
we;' ndi,a III fj; mshke.Su wruqKq lrf.k Y%S
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iy n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= i|yd jk ndi,a III
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;nk ,o j;alï m%udKhkag wkqj wju m%d.aOk
wjYH;d iy iajdrlaIl mj;ajdf.k hdug lghq;=
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2017'07'01 2018'01'01 2019'01'01
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11'75] 12'875] 14'00]
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uy nexl=j úiska remsh,a ì,shk 500 fyda Bg jeä
j;alï iys; foaYSh moaO;suh jeo.;alula we;s nexl=
i|yd ishhg 1'5 l m%d.aOk iajdrlaIl wêNdrhla
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nexl= wxYfha j;alïj,ska ishhg 71'0 ksrEmKh lrk
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2017'07'01 2018'01'01 2019'01'01
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5'75] 6'375] 7'00]
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7'25] 7'875] 8'50]
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11'25] 11'875] 12'50]
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í¨ïnr®.a .kqfokq moaO;sh (Bloomberg Trading
Platform) fhd∞.; hq;= w;r" remsh,a ñ,shk 50
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u; mejrE fj<| .kqfokqj, (outright trades)
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.kqfokq wjidkfha isg úkdä 30 la ;=< ° jdr®;d
l< hq;= fõ' fuu pl%f,aLh 2016 iema;eïnr®
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†k isg f;da,k wkqmd;h jdr®;d lrk f,i
nexl= fj; okajd isákq we;' nexl= wëlaIKh
i|yd jk ndi,a lñgqj úiska wjika
udr®f.damfoaYk ksl=;a ls¯fuka wk;=rej
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n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= fj; Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ndi,a III hgf;a
wju m%d.aOk wjYH;d u; ksl=;a lrk ,o 2016 wxl 01 ork nexl= mk;a
úOdkh" www.bis.org&
m%d.aOk wkqmd; iy m%udKj;a wj∞kï
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jqj o n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs;
l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï wxYh 2016 jir ;=< °
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l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï 07 lska iukaú; úh'
fuu iud.ï i;=j YdLd 1"313 la meje;s w;r" bka
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uQ,HlrK iud.ï wxYfha j;alï moku remsh,a
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j;alïj, jr®Okfhka ishhg 57'6 la m%Odk
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8'4 lska uQ,Hkh úh'
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jifr® fojk Nd.fha ° iuia; Kh m%udKh 2015
° jdr®;d jQ ishhg 31'8 l ^remsh,a ì,shk 192'1 l&
by< jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a
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ì,shk 166'8 lska& jr®Okh úh' Kh jr®Okfhka
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pl%Sh Kh" laIqø uQ,H" Kh idOHlrKh iy whsrd
Kh hk fjk;a Kh fiajd u.ska uQ,Hkh jQ w;r
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Kh fõ'
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m<d;
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niakdysr 394 427
ol=K 134 144
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8
j;alï moku 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ ishhg W!j 61 66
22'3 l ^remsh,a ì,shk 181'6 l& jr®Okhg idfmalaIj W;=reueo 89 95
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21'7 lska ^remsh,a ì,shk 215'8 lska& jr®Okh úh' m%Odk tl;=j 1,216 1,313
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265
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mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk fYaIhka" fj<| f;d. yd
ia:djr j;alïj,ska iukaú; fjk;a j;alï 2016
jir ;=< ° ishhg 36'6 l jr®Okhla fmkakqï
lrk ,°'
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mqoa., ;ekam;= flfrys jeä jYfhka fhduqlr
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ie,ls,a,g f.k miq.sh jir 2 ;=< l%ufhka nexl=
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31'6 laj meje;s Kh .ekSï 2016 jifr® ° ishhg
36'2 olajd jeä jQ w;r" 2015 jifr® iuia; wruqo,a
iïmdokfhka ishhg 48'3 laj meje;s ;ekam;=
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iuia; wruqo,a iïmdok jHqyh fjkia úh' 2015
jifr® jdr®;d jQ Kh.ekSïj, ishhg 44'6 l
jr®Okhg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk
438'7 olajd ishhg 39'6 lska fyj;a remsh,a ì,shk
124'4 lska jr®Okh úh' Kh .ekSfï m%Odk uQ,dY%h
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wl%sh Kh wkqmd;slh 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 5'3
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jifr® Kh l<fUys by< jr®Okh yd ii|k
l, wl%sh Kh remsh,a ì,shk 5'6 lska by< hEu
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jifr® ° ishhg 1'2 olajd wvq jQ w;r 2015 jifr®
ishhg 61'0 laj meje;s fjkals¯ï wdjrK wkqmd;h

8'9 ixLHd igyk

n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,anÿ uQ,HlrK iud.ï wxYfha j;alï iy j.lSï ixhq;sh

2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd& fjki ^]&

whs;uh remsh,a m%;sY;hla remsh,a m%;sY;hla
2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
ì,shk f,i ì,shk f,i
j;alï
Kh iy w;a;sldrï ^Y=oO
a & 795.8 79.9 962.7 79.4 31.8 21.0
wdfhdack 99.6 10.0 111.7 9.2 -9.2 12.1
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27
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19 kshduk wjYH;dj jk remsh,a ì,shk 74'7 g jvd
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269
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
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;=<u r|jd ;eîug fya;= fõ' tfiau úêu;a f,i
8
kshdukhg ,lajQ wxYh o we;=Ωj" iuia: uQ,H wxYh
flfrys mj;sk md˙fNda.sl úYajikSh;ajh tjeks
l%shdldrlï fya;=fjka mΩ≥ ùulg ,lafõ' uQ,H
moaO;sh flfrys mj;sk wvq úYajikSh;ajh uQ,H
270
moaO;sfha ia:dhS;djhg o wys;lr f,i n,mdhs'
tuksid Y%S ,xldj ;=< fmr lS kshdukhlg ,lafkdjQ
laIqøuQ,H jHdmdrj, ksr;j isák wdh;k kshdukh
iy wëlaIKh ls¯fï wjYH;dj mek ke`.=◊'
laIqøuQ,H wdh;kj, fufyhqï j,ska jk m%;s,dN
iudch fj; fhduq ls¯u i|yd kshdukh iy
wëlaIKh ;=<ska laIqøuQ,H wdh;kj, fufyhqï
ksjer† u`.g .ekSu w;HjYH fõ' laIqøuQ,H kshduk
hdka;%Khla ;=<ska laIqøuQ,H wdh;kj, uQ,H
ia:dhS;ajh ;yjqre ls¯u i|yd" laIqøuQ,H wdh;kfhys
fufyhqï ldr®hlaIu" m%dfhda.sl iy ;sridr ls¯u
wfmalaId flfr®' iúu;a kshduk rduqjla l%shdjg
kexùu;a iu`. wvq wdodhï,dNS mqoa.,hskag iy l=vd
iy laIqø jHjidhhka fj; uQ,H fiajd iemhSu
iM, iy ldr®hlaIuùu ;=<ska uQ,H wka;r®.;Ndjh
jr®Okh fõ' laIqøuQ,H wdh;k hïlsis kshduk iy
wëlaIK wêldrhla hgf;a kshdukh ùu tajdg
wruqo,a uQ,dY% fj; mqΩ,a m%fõYhla ,nd .ekSu ^rch"
uy nexl=j" odhlhka iy wfkl=;a Kh fok wdh;k
iu`. yjq,alrejka f,i lghq;= ls¯u we;=Ωj&
myiqlrjhs' ;j≥rg;a" kshduk hdka;%Khla msysgqùu
md˙fNda.sl wdrlaIK m%ñ;Ska iy ;ekam;= wdrlaIK
l%ufõohka m%jr®Okh i|yd u.mdohs'
2016 wxl 6 ork laIqøuQ,H mk;
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j fj; rg ;=< l%shd;aul jk
laIqøuQ,H iud.ï i|yd n,m;% ksl=;a ls¯u" tajd
wëlaIKh iy kshdukh ls¯ug wod< j.lSï
mjrñka" 2016 wxl 6 ork laIqøuQ,H mk; 2016'07'15
jk †k isg n,d;aul úh' ;j≥rg;a" laIqøuQ,H rdcH
fkdjk ixúOdk jYfhka" iSñ; b;=reï ;ekam;=
Ndr.kakd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk1 iafõÉPd iudc
fiajd ixúOdk fr‚iag%dr®jrhd úiska ,shdm†xÑh
i|yd o fuu mk; u.ska úêúOdk i,id we;'
tfiau uqo,a uKav,h u.ska laIqøuQ,H rdcH fkdjk
ixúOdk kshdukh iy wëlaIKh i|yd m%;sm;a;s"
m%ñ;s iy udr®f.damfoaY iïmdokh ls¯u i|yd wjYH
úêúOdk fuu mk; u.ska i,id we;'
mkf;ys jeo.;a ,laIK
⁄& §laIqøuQ,H jHdmdr¶ wr®: oelaùu
;ekam;= Ndr .ekSu iy m%Odk jYfhka
wvq wdodhï,dNS ;eke;a;kag iy laIqø
jHjidhkag ´kEu wdldrhl uQ,H myiqlula
1 1980 wxl 31 ork iafõÉPd iudc fiajd ixúOdk ^,shdm†xÑ ls¯fï
iy wêlaIKh ls¯fï& mk; hgf;a ,shdmosxÑ rdcH fkdjk
ixúOdk

iemhSu" fjk;a uQ,H fiajd iemhSu" fyda ´kEu
wdldrhl uQ,H myiqlula iy fjk;a uQ,H fiajd
iemhSu zlaIqøuQ,H jHdmdrZ f,i mk; m%ldrj
wr®: olajd we;'
⁄⁄& laIqøuQ,H jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k hEug wjir,;a
mqoa.,hska
n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ula fyda laIqøuQ,H
rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhla fyda mkf;ys 2
j.ka;sh hgf;a ksoyia lrkq ,enQ wdh;khla2
fyda yereKqfldg fjk;a lsis`≥ mqoa.,fhl=g
laIqøuQ,H jHdmdr lr‍f.k hd fkdyelsh' tjeks
mqoa.,‍hska fï mk; hgf;a jrolrejl= jk w;r
ufyaia;%d;ajrfhl= úiska mj;ajkq ,nk ,>q kvq
úNd.hlska miqj jrolre lrkq ,eîfï° remsh,a
ñ,shkhlg fkdjeä ovhlg fyda wjqre≥ tllg
fkdjeä nkaOkd.dr.; ls¯ulg fyda ta ovh iy
nkaOkd.dr.; ls¯u hk folgu fyda hg;a úh
hq;= h'
flfia fj;;a mk; n,d;aul jQ †kg fmr †k
tkï 2016'07'14 †k jkúg;a laIqøuQ,H jHdmdrj,
ksr; jQ mqoa.,hska yg mk; n,d;aul jQ †k isg
udi 18 la olajd jQ ld,hla f;la tajd mj;ajdf.k
hd yels w;r tu ld,iSudj ;=< mk; hgf;a
n,m;%hla ,nd.ekSu fyda ,shdm†xÑ ùu is≥l<
hq;=h'
⁄⁄⁄& kshduk iy wëlaIK jHqyh
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a uKav,h ^uqo,a
uKav,h& yryd" laIqøuQ,H iud.ï fj; n,m;%
ksl=;a ls¯u i|yd iy n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H
iud.ï kshdukh iy wëlaIKh i|yd mk;
u.ska úêúOdk i,id we;' iafõÉPd iudc fiajd
ixúOdk fr‚iag%dr®jrhd ^fr‚iag%dr®jrhd& u.ska
laIqøuQ,H rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk ,shdm†xÑh"
kshdukh iy wëlaIKh is≥flfr®' flfiafj;;a"
laIqøuQ,H rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk kshdukh
ls¯u i|yd wod< m%;sm;a;s" m%ñ;s ilia ls¯u iy
udr®f.damfoaY ksl=;a ls¯u uqo,a uKav,h úiska
is≥l< hq;= w;r fr‚iag%dr®jrhd úiska laIqøuQ,H
rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk fj; ksl=;a lrk ¯;s u.ska
tajd n,d;aul l< hq;=h' my; rEmigyk u.ska
laIqøuQ,H jHdmdr lafIa;%h kshdukh iy wëlaIKh
i|yd ia:dms; lrk ,o jHqyh meye†,s flfr®'
2 1988 wxl 30 ork nexl= mk; hgf;a n,m;%,;a jd◊c nexl= iy n,m;%,;a
úfYAIs; nexl=" 2011 wxl 42 orK uqo,a jHdmdr mk; hgf;a n,m;%,;a
uqo,a iud.ï" 1972 wxl 5 ork iuQmldr iñ;s mk; hgf;a ,shdm†xÑ
lrk ,o iuQmldr iñ;s iy m<d;a iNdjl m%{ma;shla hgf;a ,shdm†xÑ
lrk ,o iuQmldr iñ;s" 2013 wxl 1 ork †úke.=u mk; hgf;a msysgqjk
,o †úke.=u m%cd uQ, nexl= iy †úke.=u m%cduQ, nexl= iñ;s iy 2000
wxl 46 ork f.dúck ixjr®Ok mk; hgf;a we;slrk ,o wia:ß;aj
mkf;ys úêúOdkhkaf.ka ksoyia lr we;s wdh;k fõ' 4 mkf;ys 7 jk j.ka;sh
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdld¯;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj
rEm igyk ú'i' 11'1
laIqøuQ,H wdh;kj, kshduk iy wëlaIK jHqyh
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a
uKav,h
laIqøuQ,H rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk kshdukh
i`oyd fr‚iagdr®jrhd fj; m%;sm;a;s" m%ñ;s
iy udr®f.damfoaY iïmdokh ls¯u
laIqøuQ,H iud.ï fj;
n,m;% ksl=;a ls¯u
fr‚iagdr®jrhd úiska
n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ï
1. laIqøuQ,H rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk
,shdm†xÑh' ksl=;a lrkq ,nk
fj; ¯;s iy úOdk ksl=;a ls¯u
iy n,m;%,dNS laIqøuq,H iud.ï
¯;s udr®.fhka tajd kshdukh iy
wëlaIKh
wëlaIKh
2. Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a uKav,h
fj; laIqøuQ,H rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk
ms<sn`o o;a; iemhSu
uQ,dY%h - Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
⁄¤& n,m;%h ,nd.ekSu i|yd jk wjYH;d
n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ï
wemfhka iSñ; iud.ula" fm!oa.,sl iud.ula"
wlafjr< iud.ula fyda úfoaYSh iud.ula
fkdjk" 2007 wxl 7 ork iud.ï mk; hgf;a
,shdm†xÑ iud.ula ùu mk; m%ldrj n,m;%hla
,nd.ekSu i|yd wh≥ï ls¯ug uQ,sl iq≥iqlu fõ'
laIqøuQ,H rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk
1980 wxl 31 ork iafõÉPd iudc fiajd ixúOdk
mk; hgf;a ,shdm†xÑ ù we;s rdcH fkdjk
ixúOdk laIqøuQ,H rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk f,i
,shdm†xÑ ls¯fï iy;slhla ,nd.ekSu i|yd
iq≥iqlï ,nhs'
v. mk; yryd oekqj;a ls¯u
uqo,a uKav,fha mQr®j ,sÅ; wkque;shlska
f;drj" n,m;%,;a laIqøuQ,H iud.ula" laIqøuQ,H
rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhla fyda mkf;a ‍ 2 jk
j.ka;sh m%ldr wod< ùfuka neyer lrk ,o
hï wdh;khla fkdjk fjk;a hï ;eke;af;l=
úiska zlaIqøuQ,HZhk jpkh fyda tys hï m%fNaohla
fyda wkajlaI¯lrKhla fyda fjk;a NdIdjl thg
iudk jpkhla" ;ksj fyda fjk;a hï jpkhla
yd ixhqla;j fyda iajlSh kduh i|yd Ndú;d
ls¯u fkdl< hq;=h'3
;j≥rg;a iEu n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ula
úiskau ish m%Odk jHdmdr ia:dkfha ish n,m;%h
m%or®Ykh lrkq ,eìh hq;= w;r" tys msgm;la
8
tla tla YdLdfjys4 m%or®Ykh lrkq ,eìh hq;=h'
3 mkf;ys 34 jk j.ka;sh
271
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
tfiau iEu laIqøuQ,H rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhla
úiskau tys ,shdm†xÑ ls¯fï iy;slh ish m%Odk
jHdmdr ia:dkfha m%or®Ykh lrkq ,eìh hq;=
w;r tu iy;slfha msgm;la tla tla YdLdfjys5
m%or®Ykh lrkq ,eìh hq;=h'
vi) ¯;s" úOdk" m%;sm;a;s" m%ñ;s iy udr®f.damfoaY
ksl; = a ls¯u
n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ï
uqo,a uKav,h úiska n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ï
fj; ¯;s 2 la iy úOdk 8 la ksl=;a lr we;' tajd
w;˙ka n,m;%h ,nd.ekSu i|yd jk ksr®Kdhl
ms<sn| 2016 wxl 1 orK laIqøuQ,H mkf;a ¯;s
wkqj" iEu wh≥ïldr iud.ulau remsh,a ñ,shk
ishhl ^re'100"000"000$-& fyda uqo,a uKav,h
úiska l,ska l,g ksr®Kh lrkq ,nk Bg jeä
w.hl wju uQ,sl m%d.aOkhla6 mj;ajd .ekSu
iy miq.sh jir ;=kg wod< ú.◊; uQ,H m%ldY
iy laIqøuQ,H iïnkaO l%shdldrlï ms<sn|
jdr®;djla b†˙m;a ls¯u l< hq;=h ^kj laIqøuQ,H
wdh;k n,m;%h i|yd b,a¨‍ï ls¯ug m%:u wju
jYfhka jir ;=kla laIqøuQ,H wdY%s; l%shdlrlïj,
ksr; úh hq;=h&' ;ekam;= ms<sn| 2016 wxl 3
orK laIqøuQ,H mkf;a úOdk wkqj" laIqøuQ,H
iud.ï u`.sska tla ;ekam;alrefjl= úiska ;ksj
5 mkf;ys 21 jk j.ka;sh
6 wju uQ,l s m%d.aOkh i`oyd jk laIqøuQ,H mkf;a 2016 wxl 01 ork ¯;sh
wkqj"
⁄& 2018'01'15 †k fyda Bg fmr n,m;%h i`oyd wh≥ïlrk iud.ula
úiskau remsh,a ñ,shk ishhlg ^re 100"000"000$-& fkdwvq uQ,sl
m%d.aOkhla o" 2019'01'15 †k isg remsh,a ñ,shk tlish mkylg ^re'
150"000"000$-& fkdwvq uQ,sl m%d.aOkhlao mj;ajd.; hq;=h'
⁄⁄& 2018'01'15 †fkka miqj n,m;%h i`oyd wh≥ïlrk ,nk iud.ï
remsh,a ñ,shk tlish mkylg ^re 150"000"000$-& fkdwvq uQ,sl
m%d.aOkhla iEu úgu mj;ajd.; hq;=h'
8 fofkl=f.ka iukaú; m%d:ñl wf,úlrejkaf.a
wxYfha iuia; j;alï iy iuia; wdfhdack
l<fUys my< hdula jdr®;d jqj o" tla m%d:ñl
wf,úldr wdh;khl widudkH ,dN iy jHdmdr
jr®Ok lghq;= fya;=fjka iuia; m%d.aOkh iy
,dN∞hs;ajfhys jr®Okhla jdr®;d lrk ,°' m%Odk
jYfhka tla m%d:ñl wf,úlrejl= i;=j mej;s
j;alïys is≥jQ ie<lsh hq;= ydkslrKh iy ;j;a
8
iud.ula úiska 2016'04'01 †k isg n,meje;afjk
m˙† m%d:ñl wf,úld˙;ajh bj;a lr .ekSu" iuia;
j;alï iy wdfhdack l<U wvqùug fya;= úh' 2015
jir ;=< tkag%iaÜ filshq˙àia mSt,aiS wdh;khg
272
fyda yjq,aj mj;ajdf.k hk ;ekam;=j, uqΩ
tl;=j remsh,a ,laI ;=kla ^re' 300"000$-& blaujQ
;ekam;= ndr.ekSu iy w¨‍;a ls¯u fkdl< hq;=h'
Kh myiqlï i|yd jk kshduk rduqj ms<sn|
2016 wxl 7 orK laIqøuQ,H mkf;a úOdk wkqj"
n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.fï m%d.aOk uÜgu iy
.kqfokqlref.a wdldrh wkqj ,nd†h yels Wm˙u
Kh m%udKh kshu lr we;'
laIqøuQ,H rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk
uqo,a uKav,h úiska fr‚iag%dr®jrhd fj;
m%;sm;a;s" m%ñ;s iy udr®f.damfoaY ksl=;a lr we;'
ta wkqj laIqøuQ,H rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhla
úiska mj;ajd.; hq;= wju Y=oaO Okh tys jHdma;sh
u; ;SrKh fõ' †ia;%sla uÜgfï7 laIqøuQ,H rdcH
fkdjk ixúOdkhla úiska remsh,a ñ,shk foll
^re' 2"000"000$-& wju Y=oaO Okhla o cd;sl
uÜgfï8 laIqøuQ,H rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhla
úiska remsh,a ñ,shk myl ^re' 5"000"000$-& wju
Y=oaO Okhla o mj;ajd.; hq;=h' fr‚iag%dr®jrhd
úiska kshu lrk m˙† hïlsis wju ld,iSudjla
i|yd laIqøuQ,H wdY%s; lghq;=j, ksr; jQ njg
iEu wh≥ïldr rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhlau w;S;
jdr®;d b†˙m;a l< hq;=h' mk;g wkqj laIqøuQ,H
rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhlg Ndr.; yelafla
ziSñ; b;=reï ;ekam;=Z9 mu◊'
7 tla †ia;%slalhl muKla l%shd;aul jk laIqøuQ,H rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk
†ia;%sla uÜgfï laIqøuQ,H rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk fõ'
8 tla †ia;%slalhlg jvd jeä m%udKhl l%shd;aul jk laIqøuQ,H rdcH
fkdjk ixúOdk cd;sl uÜgfï laIqøuQ,H rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk
fõ'
9 m%;sm;a;s" m%ñ;s" iy udr®f.damfoaYhkays wr®: ±lafjk m˙† zziSñ; b;=reï
;ekam;=ZZ hkqfjka woyia jkafka ,shdm†xÑ laIqøuQ,H rdcH fkdjk
ixúOdk u.ska fok ,o Kh uqo,lg tfrysj iq/l=ï ;ekam;=jla
f,i fyda uqo,a wemhla f,i Kh .ekqïlrefjl=f.ka ,o b;=reï
;ekam;=h'
uqyqKmEug is≥jQ øjYS,;d .egÆ fya;=fjka Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ uqo,a uKav,h úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o
úOdkh u.ska 2010 ckjd˙ ui° tu iud.fuys
l<ukdld˙;ajh cd;sl b;s˙ls¯fï nexl=fjys
l<ukdld˙;ajh fj; mjrk ,°'
j;alï iy j.lSï
m%d:ñl wf,úlrejkaf.a iuia; j;alï
m%udKh 2015 jifr® ° meje;s remsh,a ì,shk
282'6 isg 2016 jir ;=< ° remsh,a ì,shk 264'5
olajd ishhg 6'4 lska wvqúh' rcfha iq/l=ïm;aj,
iuia; wdfhdack l<U m%d:ñl wf,úlre wxYfha
 uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdld¯;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj

iuia; j;alïj,ska ishhg 84'8 la úh' fjf<| ,dNodhs;ajh iy m%d.aOkh

l<U" wf,úh i|yd mj;sk l<U iy l,ams¯u m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka jdr®;d l< n≥ miq
f;la r|jd.kakd l<U hkd†fhka iukaú; rcfha ,dNh" 2015 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 8'4 la jQ w;r"
iq/l=ïm;a ys iuia; wdfhdack l<U 2015 jir 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 72'6 l jr®Okhla jdr®;d
iu`. iei£fï° 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg remsh,a lrñka remsh,a ì,shk 14'6 la úh' fuu widudkH
ì,shk 224'2 la olajd ishhg 4'2 lska wvq úh' rcfha jr®Okh i|yd tla m%d:ñl wf,úlrejl= úiska
iq/l=ïm;aj, mej;s fjf<| l<U iy wf,úh jdr®;d lrk ,o wêl ,dNh iDcqju n,mdk ,°'
i|yd mej;s l<fUys is≥jQ my< hdï fuu fjki rdcH iq/l=ïm;a wf,úh u.ska ckkh jQ m%d.aOk
i|yd fya;= úh' 2015 jir wjidkfha° remsh,a m%;s,dN fuu ,dN by<hdug úYd, f,i ∞hl
ì,shk 132'8 laj mej;s fjf<| l<U 2016 jir úh' tys m%;sM,hla f,i iuia; wxYh i|yd
wjidkh jk úg remsh,a ì,shk 98'1 olajd j;alï u; m%;s,dN wkqmd;slh iy nexl= fkdjk
wvq úh' 2015 jir wjidkfha° remsh,a ì,shk m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka i|yd jk ysñlï u;
53'4 la jQ fjf<πu i|yd mej;s l<U 2016 jir m%;s,dN wkqmd;slh 2015 jifr® ° mej;s ishhg 3'7
;=< ° remsh,a ì,shk 19'3 olajd ishhg 63'9 lska iy ishhg 42'7 isg 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg
wvq úh' 2015 jir wjidkfha ° l,ams¯u olajd ms<sfj<ska ishhg 5'5 iy ishhg 72'6 olajd by<
r|jd .kakd ,o l<U 2015 jifr® ° meje;s remsh,a .sfhah'
ì,shk 47'8 l isg 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg
remsh,a ì,shk 106'8 olajd ishhg 123'7 lska
ie,lsh hq;= f,i jeä úh' 8'12 ixLHd igyk
m%d:ñl wf,úlrejkaf.a l%shdldß;ajh
m%d:ñl wf,úlrejkaf.a wxYfha wjÞkï jdr®Isl jr®Okh
^w& fj<|fmd< wj∞ku( fjf<|fmd<
whs;uh 2015 ^w& 2016 ^w& ^]&
2015 ^w& 2016 ^w&
wj∞ku i|yd ksrdjrKh ùu wvq úh' m%d:ñl iuia; j;alï 282.6 264.5 44.7 -6.4
wf,úlre wxYfhys úh yels by< fj<|fmd< iuia; l<U 234.0 224.2 54.1 -4.2
wj∞kug ksrdjrKh ùu wju lrñka fj<| l<U" fj<| iq/l=ï 132.8 98.1 11.6 -26.1
iuia; wdfhdack l<fUys wkqmd;slhla f,i 2015 l,a ms¯u f;la ;nd .kakd 47.8 106.8 59.4 123.7

jir wjidkfha ° meje;s ishhg 56'8 isg 2016 jir úls”u i|yd mj;sk 53.4 19.3 1,776.3 -63.9
m%;ús l=Kï q 44.1 24.4 8.3 -44.7
wjika jk úg ishhg 43'8 olajd wvq úh' ysñlï iy j.lSï 282.6 264.5 44.7 -6.4
^wd& øjYS,;d wj∞ku( øjYS,;d wj∞kug iuia; m%d.aOkh 32.9 34.6 15.8 5.3
m%;ñ s ,° .ekqï 179.3 137.0 44.8 -23.6
ksrdjrKh ùu o wvq úh' 2015 jir wjidkh jk
m%Odk ldr®hd,hg f.ùï ^wd& 50.6 85.3 43.8 68.7
úg mej;s †kla we;=<; l,amsfrk j;alï iy n≥ fmr ,dNh 8.8 15.1 2.0 70.4
j.lSïj, RK fkd.e,mSï remsh,a ñ,shk 7"101'5 n≥ miq ,dNh 8.4 14.6 7.8 72.6
fyda tla †kla i|yd jk j.lSïj,ska ishhg 37'2 j;alï u; m%;s,dN
isg 2016 jir wjika jk úg remsh,a ñ,shk 2"671'8 wkqmd;h ^]& 3.7 5.5 -0.7 1.8
ysñlï u; m%;, s dN
olajd fyda tla †kla i|yd jk j.lSïj,ska ishhg wkqmd;h ^]& ^we& 42.7 72.6 3.3 29.9
15'7 la olajd ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq úh' m%d:ñl wj∞kï u; nr;enQ m%d.aOk
wf,úlrejka úiska wj∞kï rys; rdcH iq/l=ïm;a wjYH;d wkqmd;h ^]& ^we& 25.5 21.7 3.7 -3.8
f;da,k ld,h ^we& 4.8 6.6 -2.5 1.8
úYd, m%udKhla mj;ajdf.k hdu iy tjeks rdcH
.kqfokq 17,308.9 22,529.5 23.2 30.2
iq/l=ïm;a wkfmalaIs; øjYS,;d mr;rhka mshjd m%d:ñl fj<`ofmd<
.ekSu i|yd wruqo,a imhd .ekSfï iq/l=ula f,i .kqfokq 1,895.3 1,508.2 -4.4 -20.4
oaú;shSl fj<`ofmd<
fhd∞ .ekSug we;s yelshdj fya;=fjka øjYS,;d .kqfokq 15,413.6 21,021.3 27.8 36.4
.egÆj,g uqyqK ≥ka tla m%d:ñl wf,úlrejl= tljr ñ,° .ekqï 1,410.5 1,184.9 -16.7 -16.0
yer wfkl=;a m%d:ñl wf,úlrejkaf.a øjYS,;d tljr úl=kqï 2,189.9 1,688.0 2.0 -22.9

8
wj∞kï me;slv 2015 jifr® y;rjk ldr®;=fõ m%;sñ,° .ekqï 11,813.2 18,148.4 43.7 53.6
isg 2016 jir mqrd my< uÜgul mej;=◊' ´kEu ^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& nexl=j, m%d:ñl wf,úldr tAll mu◊'
øjYS,;d mr;rhla mshjd .ekSu i|yd fmr ^we& nexl= fkdjk m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka muKs'
igyk( tkag%iaÜ filshq˙àia mS't,a'iS' uQ,H o;a;
iQ∞kï lr.;a y†is wruqo,a úêúOdk fndfyda 2016 cqks ui olajd mu◊'
wf,úlrejka i;=j mej;=◊'

273
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

wju uQ,sl m%d.aOk wjYH;dj remsh,a ñ,shk 8'12 rEm igyk

350 isg remsh,a ñ,shk 1"000 olajd jeäls¯u Y=oaO j;alï jákdlu wkqj tall Ndr
wxYfha wruqo,a j¾.SlrKh
fya;=fjka m%d:ñl wf,úlrejkaf.a fldgia ysñlï
ishhg 5'3 lska jeä úh' 2016 jir wjidkh jk .s,aÜ t–â wruqo,a fjk;a *
2'6] 0'6]
úg tkag%iaÜ filshq˙àia mSt,aiS yer wfkl=;a nexl=
fldgia
wruqo,a
fkdjk m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka Tjqkaf.a uQ,sl 7'2]
m%d.aOkh" wju uQ,sl m%d.aOk wjYH;dj jk remsh,a iu;=,s;
ñ,shk 1"000 g jvd by< uÜgul mj;ajd .ekq◊' wruqo,a
7'8]
nexl= fkdjk m%d:ñl wf,úlrejkaf.a wj∞ku
u; nr ;enQ m%d.aOk m%udKd;aul;d wkqmd;slh"
mj;ajd .;hq;= wju wjYH;d wkqmd;h jk ishhg
10'0 g jvd by< uÜgul mej;=k o tu wkqmd;h
uqo,a
2015 jir wjidkfha° mej;s ishhg 25'5 isg 2016 wd∞hï
fj<|fmd<
wruqo,a
63'7]
jir wjika jk úg th ishhg 21'7 olajd wvq úh' 18'1]

fj<|fmd< iyNd.s;ajh * fjk;a( I˙hd wruqo,a" 0'4] or®Yl wruqo,a 0'2] uQ,sl ysñlï ksl=;= wruqo,a iy fvd,r®
wruqo,a
m%d:ñl fj<|fmd< l%shdldrlï( NdKavd.dr uQ,h( Y%S ,xld tAll Ndr ix.uh

ì,am;a iy NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr i|yd jk
m%d:ñl fjf<|fmd< fjkafoais i|yd m%d:ñl
wf,úlrejkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh ñY% ldr®hidOkhla
ms<sìUq lrk ,°' 2016 jr®Ifha ° mj;ajk ,o iuia;
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a fjkafoais ^fjkafoais 52& u.ska
ms<s.kakd ,o iuia; ,xiq m%udKhka i|yd nexl=
m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka" nexl= fkdjk m%d:ñl
wf,úlrejka iy fiajl wr®:idOl wruqof,a
∞hl;ajh ms<sfj,ska ishhg 66'9 la" ishhg 28'2 la
iy ishhg 4'9 la úh' flfia jqj o 2016 jifr®
° NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr fjkafoais 23 la u.ska
ms<s.kakd ,o iuia; ne∫ïlrj,ska ishhg 50'7 lg
nexl= fkdjk m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka iyNd.S úh'
oaú;ShSl fjf<|fmd< ls%hdldrlï( 2015
jir yd iei£fï° 2016 jir ;=< rdcH
iq/l=ïm;a yd iïnkaO oaú;ShsSl fjf<|fmd<
.Kqfokq remsh,a ì,shk 21"021'3 olajd ishhg 36'4
lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i jeä úh' 2016 jir ;=<
is≥lrk ,o iuia; oaú;ShSl fjf<|fmd< .Kqfokq
m%udKfhka ishhg 86'3 la m%;sñ,° .eKqï .Kqfokq
úh' tljr ñ,°.eKqï (Outright Purchases) iy
tljr úl=Kqï (Outright Sales) 2015 jifr® ° meje;s
jákdlï iu`. iei£fï ° 2016 jifr® ° ms<sfj<ska
ishhg 16'0 lska iy ishhg 22'9 lska wvq úh'
tall Ndr
tall Ndr wruqo,a .Kk wvq w.hls' tall Ndr
l<ukdlrK iud.ï 14 u.ska l<ukdlrKh
flreKq iuia; tall Ndr ixLHdj 2015 jifr®
mej;s tall Ndr 74 yd iiπ n,k l, 2016 jifr®
° tall Ndr 77 la olajd by< .sfhah' fuu tall
Ndr 77 w;˙ka 74 la újD; wruqo,a o" 2 la ixjD;
wruqo,a o jQ w;r" 1 la fvd,r® ne∫ïlr wruqo,la
úh' fuu újD; wruqo,a 74" uqo,a fj<|fmd<
wruqo,a 18 lska o" .s,aÜ t–â (gilt edged) wruqo,a
15 lska o" wd∞hï wruqo,a 14 lska o" ysñlï jr®Ok
wruqo,a 8 lska o" iu;=,s; wruqo,a 8 lska o" I˙hd
wruqo,a 5 lska o" or®Yl wruqo,a 4 lska yd uQ,sl
ysñlï ksl=;= wruqo,a 2 lska iukaú; úh'
jHdmdr j¾Okh
tall Ndr wxYfhys iuia; j;alï 2015
wjidkfha ° mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 130'3 isg 2016
jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 103'1 la olajd remsh,a
ì,shk 27'2 lska my< hk ,°' ksl=;a l< iuia;
8'13 ixLHd igyk
tall Ndr wxYfha l%shdldß;ajh
whs;uh 2015 2016
tall Ndr ixLHdj 74 77
iuia; tall ysñhkaf.a ixLHdj 38,008 41,249
tall ksl; = k
+ a .Kk ^ñ,shk& 8,766 7,150
iuia; j;alï ^re' ñ,shk& 130,301.9 103,079.3

8
jir ;=< °" kj wruqo,a 4 la ia:dmkh ùu yd Y=oO
a j;alï w.h ^re' ñ,shk& 129,398.5 103,109.7
tla wruqo,la fufyhqï lghq;=j,ska bj;a ùu;a fldgiaj, wdfhdack ^re' ñ,shk& 14,407.1 13,923.4
iuia; Y=oOa j;alïj, m%;Ys ;hla f,i ^]& 11.1 13.5
iuÛ tall Ndr .Kk 3 lska by< hkq ,eì◊'
rcfha iq/l=ïm;aj, wdfhdackh ^re' ñ,shk& 29,404.7 49,632.4
flfia jqjo" 2015 jifr® wdrïN jQ kj wruqo,a iuia; j;alïj, m%;Y s ;hla f,i ^]& 22.6 48.1
11 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° wÆ;ska wdrïN l< uQ,h( YS% ,xld tAll Ndr ix.uh

274

tall .Kk 2015 wjidkhg mej;s 8"766 isg
2016 wjidkfha ° 7"150 olajd my; jegqKq w;r"
iuia; tall ysñhka .Kk 2015 jir wjidkhg
jdr®;d jQ 38"008 isg 2016 jir wjidkfha ° 41"249
olajd by< hk ,°' tallhla i|yd Y=oaO j;alï
jákdlu 2015 wjidkhg mej;s remsh,a 14'8 yd
ii|k l, 2016 wjidkfha ° remsh,a 14'4 olajd
iqΩ jYfhka my; jeá◊'
wdfhdack
tall Ndr úiska rdcH iq/l=ïm;a yd jHdmdr
fldgia hk foflysu is≥ lrk ,o wdfhdack m%;sY;h
2016 jifr® ° ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< hk ,°' rdcH
iq/l=ïm;aj, wdfhdackh 2015 jir wjidkhg
mej;s remsh,a ñ,shk 29"405 isg 2016 jir
wjidkhg remsh,a ñ,shk 49"632 olajd ishhg
68'8 lska by< .sfhah' tfukau" wdfhdack l<U
;=< tall Ndr úiska fldgiaj, is≥ l< wdfhdackh
2015 wjidkhg jQ ishhg 11'1 isg 2016 jir
wjidkhg ishhg 13'5 olajd by< hk ,°'
rlaIK wxYh
j;alï jr®Okh iy bmhSï ie,ls,a,g .;a l,
jr®Ih ;=< ° rlaIK wxYh by< ldr®hidOkhla
fmkakqï lf<ah' 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg Y%S
,xld rlaIK uKav,h hgf;a ,shdm†xÑ iud.ï
29 la Y%S ,xldj ;=< jHdmdr lghq;= is≥ lrkq
,enQ w;r thska iud.ï 14 la idudkH rlaIK
jHdmdrj, muKla o" iud.ï 12 la †.=ld,Sk rlaIK
jHdmdrj, muKla o" b;s˙ iud.ï 3 †.= ld,Sk
iy idudkH hk rlaIK jHdmdr foflysu o ksr;
úh' m%Odk jYfhka idudkH rlaIK lghq;=j,
ksr; rlaIK ;e/õldr iud.ï 59 la jr®Ih ;=<
jHdmdr lghq;=j, ksr; úh' 2016 jir wjidkh
jk úg rlaIK iud.ï 8 la fld<U fldgia
yqjudrefõ ,ehsia;=.; ù we;s w;r" iud.ï 5 la
úfoaY iud.ïj,g wkqnoaê; iud.ï úh' rlaIK
jd˙l wd∞hu o< cd;sl ksIamd†;fha m%;sY;hla
f,i .Kkh lrkq ,nk rlaIK wxYfha jHdma;sh
2015 jifr® meje;s ishhg 1'1 g idfmalaIj 2016
jifr® ° ishhg 1'2 la olajd iqΩ jYfhka by< .sh
w;r" iuia; jd˙l wd∞hfï by< hEu fï i|yd
m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' flfia jqj;a" Y%S ,xldfõ
rlaIK wxYfha jHdma;sh l,dmSh rgj,a iuÛ
iei£fï ° ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq w.hla úh' 2016
jifr® ° †.= ld,Sk rlaIK wxYfha jHdma;sh ishhg
0'5 la o idudkH rlaIK wxYfha jHdma;sh ishhg
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdld¯;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj
0'6 la o úh' flfia fj;;a" rlaIK >k;ajh 2015
jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ mqoa.,fhl=g remsh,a 5"768 isg
mqoa.,fhl=g remsh,a 6"617 la olajd 2016 jir jk
úg iqΩ jYfhka by< .sfhah'
jHdmdr j¾Okh
rlaIK wxYfha iuia; j;alï 2015 jifr®
° meje;s remsh,a ì,shk 453'6 isg 2016 jifr® °
remsh,a ì,shk 503'1 olajd ishhg 10'9 lska jr®Okh
úh' †.=ld,Sk rlaIKh iy idudkH rlaIKh hk
jHdmdr wxY folu fuu jr®Okhg odhl úh' 2015
jir wjidkhg rlaIK wxYfha uqΩ j;alïj,ska
ishhg 67'3 la jQ †.=ld,Sk rlaIK wxYfha uqΩ
j;alï 2016 jir wjidkhg remsh,a ì,shk
334'4 la olajd by< .sh w;r" th rlaIK wxYfha
uqΩ j;alïj,ska ishhg 66'5 la úh' ta wkqj" rlaIK
wxYfha iuia; j;alïj,ska idudkH rlaIK
wxYfha j;alïj, idfmalaI m%udKh ishhg 33'5 la
olajd iqΩ jYfhka by< .sh w;r" tu j;alïj,
jákdlu remsh,a ì,shk 168'8 la úh'
o< ,shdy, jd˙l wd∞hfï jr®Okh 2015
jifr® ° jdr®;d l< ishhg 21'1 iuÛ iei£fï °
2016 jifr® ° ishhg 16'0 la olajd my; jegq◊'
idudkH rlaIK wxYfha o< ,shdy, jd˙l wd∞hu
uqΩ o< ,shdy, jd˙l wd∞hfuka ishhg 54'7 la
úh' fuu wxYfha o< ,shdy, jd˙l wd∞hu 2015
jifr® ° ishhg 21'9 lska jr®Okh jQ w;r" 2016
jifr® ° tu jr®Okh ishhg 14'0 la úh' i,ld
n,k ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< ° r: jdyk rlaIK
fufyhqïj, jr®Okh wLKavj mj;ajd .kq
,eîh' idudkH rlaIK wxYfha o< ,shdy, jd˙l
wd∞hfuka ishhg 77'7 la jk r: jdyk rlaIK
wxYfha o< ,shdy, jd˙l wd∞hu 2016 jir ;=<
° ishhg 15'1 lska by< .sfhah' †.=ld,Sk rlaIK
wxYfha o< ,shdy, jd˙l wd∞hu miq.sh jifr® °
ishhg 20'1 lska by< .sh w;r" fuu jifr® °
remsh,a ì,shk 63'5 la olajd ishhg 18'6 lska
by< .sfhah' 2016 ° o< ,shdy, jd˙l wd∞hfuys
jr®Okh wvq ùug miq.sh jifr® jdr®;d jQ by<
jd˙l wd∞hu o fya;= úh'
bmehqï
8
2016 jifr® ° rlaIK wxYh úiska Wmhk
,o iuia; ,dNh ishhg 67'5 l jr®Okhla jdr®;d
lrk ,°' fuu by< jr®Okh i|yd iudkH
rlaIK wxYfha ldr®hidOkh m%Odk jYfhka ∞hl
úh' óg wu;rj" fmr jirj, mej;s my< ,dN
275
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

m%udK iy 2016 jifr® mej;s by< fj<|fmd< wxYfha uqΩ j;alïj,g m%d.aOk wkqmd;h o 2015
fmd,S wkqmd;sl fuu by< jr®Okhg fya;= úh' jir wjidkfha mej;s ishhg 15'0 isg 2016 jir
m%drlaIK ,dN" 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ remsh,a ì,shk wjidkh jk úg ishhg 12'0 la olajd my;
8'1 g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk jegq◊' rlaIK wxYfha wdfhdack l<U ms<sn|j
10'1 la olajd ishhg 24'9 lska by< .sfhah' 2016 i,ld ne,Sfï °" 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg
jir ;=< ° os.=ld,Sk rlaIK wxYfha ,dNh ishhg †.=ld,Sk rlaIK wxYfha j;alïj,ska ishhg 48'0 la
24'8 lska by< .sh w;r" idudkH rlaIK wxYfha iy idudkH rlaIK wxYfha j;alïj,ska ishhg
,dNh ishhg 125'9 lska by< .sfhah' 17'9 la rcfha iq/l=ïm;aj, wdfhdackh lr ;snq◊'
†.=ld,Sk rlaIK wxYfha iuia; wdfhdackj,ska
2016 jifr® ° idudkH rlaIK wxYfha
ysñlï fldgiaj, is≥ l< wdfhdackfha idfmalaI
ysñlïmEï remsh,a ì,shk 37'7 la olajd ishhg
m%udKh 2015 jir wjidkfha ° mej;s ishhg
15'9 lska by< .sh w;r" †.=ld,Sk rlaIK wxYfha
10'8 isg 2016 jir wjidkh jkúg ishhg
ysñlïmEï remsh,a ì,shk 22'7 la olajd ishhg 7'9 la olajd my; jegq◊' tfia jqjo" idudkH
9'0 lska by< hk ,°' rlaIK wxYfha iuia; rlaIK wxYfha iuia; wdfhdackj,ska ysñlï
ysñlïmEï remsh,a ì,shk 60'3 la olajd ishhg fldgiaj, is≥ l< wdfhdackfha m%udKh
13'2 lska jr®Okh jQ w;r 2015 jifr® ° tu jr®Ok miq.sh jir wjidkfha mej;s ishhg 22'3 isg ishhg
wkqmd;slh ishhg 7'5 la úh' 2015 jifr® ° rlaIK 23'6 la olajd jr®Okh úh' idudkH rlaIK wxYfha
iud.ïj, iuia; wdfhdack wd∞hu ishhg 9'0 lska
my< .sh o m%Odk jYfhka fmr jirg idfmalaIj 8'14 ixLHd igyk
fj<|fmdf<a meje;s by< fmd,S wkqmd;sl rlaIK wxYfha l%shdldß;ajh
fya;=fjka 2016 jifr® ° tu wd∞hu remsh,a ì,shk re' ì,shk
40'7 la olajd ishhg 30'4 lska jeä úh' rlaIK whs;uh 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
wxYfha iuia; wd∞hu 2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a iuia; j;alï 453.6 503.1
ì,shk 152'1 isg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 181'0 rcfha iq/l=ïm;a 167.5 190.7
la olajd jr®Okh ùug wdfhdack wd∞hfï by< ysñlï fldgia 53.4 49.0
w;e;s uqo,a yd ;ekam;= 58.9 46.1
hEu iy o< ,shdy, jd˙l wd∞hfï by< hEu iuia; wd∞hu 152.1 181.0
∞hl úh' idudkH rlaIK wxYfha ysñlï u; jd˙l wd∞hu 120.9 140.3
m%;s,dN wkqmd;h 2015 jifr® mej;s ishhg 5'7 isg wfhdack wd∞hu 31.2 40.7
n≥ fmr ,dNh 12.9 21.6
2016 jifr® ° ishhg 14'5 la olajd by< .sh w;r"
m%d.aOk m%udKd;au;d wkqmd;h ^]& ^we&
tu wxYfha j;alï u; m%;s,dNh ishhg 3'5 isg - †.=ld,Sk rlaIKh - 317.0
ishhg 7'3 la olajd by< .sfhah' †.=ld,Sk rlaIK - idudkH rlaIKh - 192.0
r`ojd .ekSï wkqmd;h ^]&
wxYfha j;alï u; m%;s,dN wkqmd;h 2015 jifr®
- †.=ld,Sk rlaIKh 96.3 96.6
mej;s ishhg 2'7 isg 2016 jir ;=< ° ishhg 2'9 - idudkH rlaIKh 80.0 80.1
la olajd iqΩ jYfhka by< .sfhah' óg wu;rj" ysñlï wkqmd;h ^]&
†.= ld,Sk rlaIK wxYfha ysñlï u; m%;s,dN - †.=ld,Sk rlaIKh 40.7 37.5
- idudkH rlaIKh 65.7 65.9
wkqmd;h 2015 jifr® mej;s ishhg 32'4 isg ishhg
tAldnoaO fufyhqï wkqmd;h ^]&
25'0 la olajd my; jegq◊' - †.=ld,Sk rlaIKh 86.5 84.2
- idudkH rlaIKh 105.9 105.2
m%d.aOkh iy wdfhdackh j;alï u; m%;,s dNh ^]&
- †.=ld,Sk rlaIKh 2.7 2.9
2016 jir wjidkfha ° tla idudkH rlaIK - idudkH rlaIKh 3.5 7.3
iud.ula yereKq úg wfkl=;a ishÆu idudkH ysñlï u; m%;,s dNh ^]&
yd †.=ld,Sk rlaIK iud.ï tajdfha jHjia:dms; - †.=ld,Sk rlaIKh 32.4 25.0

8
kqnqkaj;a wdka;sl wjYH;d imqrd .kakd ,°' flfia - idudkH rlaIKh 5.7 14.5
m%drlaIK wkqmd;h ^]&
fj;;a" idudkH rlaIK wxYfha uqΩ j;alïj,g - idudkH rlaIKh 16.4 17.8
m%d.aOk wkqmd;h 2015 jir wjidkfha mej;s ^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld rlaIK uKav,h
ishhg 55'0 isg 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg ishhg ^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& kqnqkaj;a wdka;sl wkqmd;h fjkqjg
52'0 la olajd my; jegq◊' †.=ld,Sk rlaIK 2016 jifr® ° y∫kajdfok ,°'

276

iuia; wdfhdackj,ska idx.ñl Kh iq/l=ïm;aj,
is≥ l< wdfhdack 2015 jifr® mej;s ishhg 8'8 l
m%udKhg idfmalaIj 2016 jir wjidkfha
° ishhg 11'2 l m%;sY;hla jdr®;d lrk ,°' ta
w;ru" †.=ld,Sk rlaIK wxYh úiska idx.ñl Kh
iq/l=ïm;aj, is≥ l< wdfhdackh 2015 jir
wjidkfha meje;s ishhg 18'5 isg 2016 jir
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jQ w;r" fuu wruqo,aj, iuia; j;alï iy
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39'2 la úh'
2016 fmnrjd˙ udifha ° uy nexl=fõ
m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl mokï wxl 50 lska jeä
ùu fya;=fjka iy fj<|fmd< øjYS,;dj l%ufhka
wvqùu ksid 2016 m<uq ldr®;=j ;=< ° n˙; idudkH
talaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slh by< hEfï m%jK;djla
8
fmkaùh' 2015 jir wjidkfha ° ishhg 6'40 laj
mej;s n˙; idudkH talaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slh 2016
fmnrjd˙ 24 jk úg ishhg 7'51 olajd by< .sh
w;r" rcfha iq/l=ïm;aj,g oaú;ShSl fj<|fmdf<a
.kqfokqj,ska ,efnk fmd,S wd∞hug w∞< n≥
280
f.ùfï ° ,efnk n≥ yssñlï ksid we;s jk
úIu;djfha m%;sM,hla f,i n˙; idudkH talaIK
uqo,a wkqmd;slh udr®;= wjidkh jk úg ks;H
fmd,S wkqmd;sl fld˙fvdafõ by< iSudj blauùh'
2016 cQ,s 28 jk †k isg n,meje;afjk m˙† uy
nexl=j úiska ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd;slh
iy ks;H Kh myiqlï wkqmd;slh ms<sfj<ska
ishhg 7'00 iy ishhg 8'50 olajd by< kexùug
fmr n˙; idudkH talaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slh
ishhg 8'20 f,i mej;=◊' 2016 fmnrjd˙ udifha
mej;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< kexùu;a iuÛ
n˙; idudkH talaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slh ie,lsh
hq;= f,i by< hEula is≥ jQ neúka" 2016 cQ,s
udifha fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< ±ófuka tys is≥ jQ
fjkiaùug idfmalaIj fndfyda ≥rg wvq úh' 2016
cQ,s ui wjidkfha isg n˙; idudkH talaIK uqo,a
wkqmd;slh ks;H fmd,S wkqmd;sl fld˙fvdaj ;=<
mej;s w;r" 2016 wjidkh jk úg th ishhg
8'42 la úh'
jir ;=< ° jd◊c nexl= lsysmhla uqo,a
fj<|fmdf<ka fkdlvjd Kh .ekSï is≥ lrk
,°' uqo,a .kqfokqj, m%udKh wkqj n,k úg" uqΩ
Kh .ekSïj,ska ishhg 66 lau nexl= ;=kla úiska
is≥ lrk ,o w;r" Kh ,nd°ï ie,l+ úg uqΩ Kh
,nd°ïj,ska ishhg 52 lau nexl= ;=kla úiska is≥
lrk ,°' jdr .Kk wkqj i,ld n,k úg tkï"
ishÆu nexl= uqo,a fj<|fmd< ;=< .kqfokq is≥ l<
uqΩ †k .Kk wkqj ie,l+ úg Kh ,nd.ekSfï
° nexl= 4 la úiska ishhg 47 l ∞hl;ajhla fmka
jQ w;r" Kh ,nd°fï ° nexl= ;=kla úiska ishhg
30 l l%shdld¯;ajhla fmkaùh' fj<|fmd< n˙;
idudkH m%;sñ,†.ekqï wkqmd;slh" ks;H Kh
myiqlï wkqmd;slhg jvd my< uÜgul mej;=K
o we;eï m%d:ñl fj<∫ka úiska uy nexl=fõ
fjkafoaishg w∞< m%;súl=Kqï wkqmd;slh hgf;a
fyda ks;H Kh myiqlï wkqmd;slh hgf;a †.ska
8'16 ixLHd igyk
uqo,a fj<|fmd< .kqfokq
m˙udj nr;enQ idudkH fmd,S
^re' ì,shk&
fj<|fmd<
2015 2016
wkqmd;slh ^wju-Wm˙u&]
2015 2016
talaIK uqo,a 2,828.0 3,493.0 5.80-7.00 6.43-8.44
fj<`ofmd< m%;sñ,° .ekqqï 1,962.0 6,572.0 5.00-6.91 6.29-9.15
uy nexl= m%;sñ,° .ekqï 750.0 252.0 5.86-6.42 6.29-7.50
uy nexl= m%;súl=Kqï 44.0 3,938.0 6.15-6.30 6.59-8.50
ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï 17,990.0 5,573.0 - -
ks;H Kh myiqlï 23.0 3,208.0 - -
uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j

†.gu Kh .ekSï is≥ l<y' fuh fndfydaúg Kh
ysñhka úiska oaú;ShSl fj<|fmd< .kqfokqj, we;s
wj∞ku i,ld n,d ;u Kh.e;shka yd mdr®Yajhka
fj; mkjd ;snQ Kh iSud fya;=fldgf.k is≥úh'
fï w;r" we;eï n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= iy
m%d:ñl fjf<∫ka úiska Tjqkaf.a wdfhdack ksid
fyda nexl= úiska ;ekam;= jr®Okh lr .ekSulska
f;drj Kh ,nd°u fya;=fldgf.k †.=ld,hla
mqrd wLKavj ysÛ øjYS,;d uÜgula mj;ajd .kq
,eîh'
foaYSh úfoaY úksuh fj<|fmd<
foaYSh úfoaY úksuh fj<|fmd< ;=< t'c'
fvd,rhg meje;s wêl b,aÆu ksid Y%S ,xld remsh,
2016 jir ;=< °" t'c' fvd,rhg tfrysj ;j≥rg;a
wjm%udKh úh' Y%S ,xld remsh, t'c'fvd,rhg
tfrysj 2015 jifr® foieïnr® wjidkfha jQ remsh,a
144'06 isg 2016 jifr® foieïnr® wjidkfha °
remsh,a 149'80 olajd ishhg 3'83 l m%udKhlska
wjm%udKh úh' iuia;hla f,i 2016 jir ;=< °
Y%S ,xld remsh, wjm%udKh ùu" 2015 jir ;=< °
wjm%udKh jQ ishhg 9'03 g jvd wvq w.hla úh' 2016
jir ;=< ° Y%S ,xld remsh, wjm%udKh ùu flfrys
uQ,slju fya;= jQfha" wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmofha
fµvr,a ixÑ; nexl=j u.ska fmd,S wkqmd;sl by<
±óu iïnkaOfhka mej;s wfmalaIdjka ksid we;s
jQ wúksYaÑ;Ndjhg iu.dój rcfha ne∫ïlrj,
is≥lr ;snQ úfoaY wdfhdack we;=Ωj m%d.aOk
wdfhdack ráka bj;g .,d hEu iy by< wdkhk
fya;=fjka Woa.; jQ wêl úfoaY úksuh b,aÆuh'
t'c' fvd,rhg tfrysj Y%S ,xld remshf,ys iuia;
wjm%udKhg wkq.dój jd◊c nexl=j, ú≥,s mejreï
i|yd jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ, ° .ekSfï yd úls”fï
idudkH wkqmd;slh" 2016 jifr® ° ms<sfj<ska
remsh,a 147'84 la iy remsh,a 151'66 la f,i jdr®;d jQ
w;r" 2015 jifr® ° th ms<sfj<ska remsh,a 141'94 la
iy remsh,a 146'18 la úh' 2016 jir ;=< ° Y%S ,xld
remsh, hqfrda" cmka fhka iy bka†hdkq remsh,g
tfrysj ms<sfj<ska ishhg 0'32" ishhg 7'05 iy
ishhg 1'72 lska wjm%udKh úh' 2016 jifr® cqks
ui uyd ì%;dkHh hqfrdamd ix.ufhka bj;a ùug
.;a ;SrKh;a iuÛ ì%;dkHh mjqu wfkl=;a m%Odk
uqo,a tallhkag tfrysj wjm%udKh ùu ksid" 2016
jir ;=< °" Y%S ,xld remsh, ì%;dkHh mjqug
tfrysj ishhg 16'04 lska wêm%udKh úh'
2016 jir ;=< ° foaYSh úfoaY úksuh
fj<|fmdf<a .kqfokq m˙udj" miq.sh jir yd
ii|k l, ishhg 8'66 lska by< f.dia we;' foaYSh
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdld¯;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj
wka;r® nexl= fj<|fmdf<a úfoaY úksuh .kqfokq
m˙udj 2015 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
13"592'48 isg 2016 jir ;=< ° t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
14"769'50 la olajd by< f.dia we;' Bg iu.dój
wka;r® nexl= úfoaY úksuh fj<|fmdf<a ffoksl
.kqfokq m˙udfõ idudkH o 2015 jifr® ° jQ t'c'
fvd,r® ñ,shk 56'64 isg 2016 jifr® ° t'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 61'03 la olajd by< hEula jdr®;d úh'
úksuh wkqmd;slfha wêl úp,khka md,kh
ls¯fï wruq◊ka 2016 jifr® ° Y%S ,xld uy
nexl=j foaYSh úfoaY úksuh fj<|fmdf<a Y=oaO
úl=Kqïlrefjl= f,i ue†y;ajk ,°' iuia;hla
f,i" jir ;=< ° uy nexl=j t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
1"132'22 la ñ,° .kakd ,o w;r" t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
1"900'38 la fj<|fmd< fj; úl=Kk ,°' ta wkqj"
2016 jifr® uy nexl=j t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 768'16
l úfoaY úksuh m%udKhla Y=oaO úl=Kqï f,i
foaYSh úfoaY úksuh fj<|fmd< fj; uq∞y˙k ,°'
rcfha iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmd<
2016 jifr® fmnrjd˙ udifha ° m%;sm;a;s
fmd,S wkqmd;sl mdoldxl 50 lska by< ±ófï
m%;sM,hla f,i 2016 ckjd˙ udifha ° by< hEfï
m%jK;djla fmkakqï l< NdKavd.dr ì,am;a M,∞
wkqmd;sl 2016 fmnrjd˙ udifha ° o wLKavj
by< hEula ms<sìUq lrk ,°' flfia jqjo" fuu
by< hEfï m%jK;dj 2016 wfm%a,a ui jkúg
uOHia: iajNdjhla .;a w;r" bkamiqj 2016 cQ,s
ui wjikajk f;la o< jYfhka ia:djrj mej;=◊'
2016 jifr® cQ,s udifha ° uy nexl=j m%;sm;a;s
fmd,S wkqmd;sl mdoldxl 50 lska by< ±óu u.ska
uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh ;j≥rg;a ±ä ls¯ula lrk ,°' ta
wkqj" NdKavd.dr ì,am;a M,∞ wkqmd;slhkays by<
hEula ms<sìUq jQ w;r" th 2016 jifr® wf.daia;=
wjika jk f;la by< uÜgul mej;=◊' flfia
jqj o" 2016 iema;eïnr® ui isg NdKavd.dr ì,am;a
M,∞ wkqmd;sl b;d iqΩ m%;sY;hlska my< .sh
o bkamiqj 2016 wjidk jk f;la fndfyda ≥rg
ia:djrj mej;=◊' Kh l<ukdlrK Wml%uhla
f,i cd;Hka;r m%d.aOk fj<|fmdf<ka Kh
.ekSu wvq fmd,S wkqmd; m˙irhla mj;ajd
f.k hEug iy kv;a;= ls¯ug Wmld¯ úh' ta
8
wkqj" 2016 cQ,s ui t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"500 l
cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr ksl=;a ls¯ula is≥
lrk ,o w;r th foaYSh fj<|fmd< ;=< fmd,S
wkqmd;sl mSvkh wvq ls¯ug Wmld¯ úh' flfia
jqj;a" m%Odk jYfhka wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmo
281
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

8'17 ixLHd igyk 8'19 ixLHd igyk

NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy ne÷ïlrj, m%d:ñl rcfha iq/l=ïm;aj, M,od wkqmd;sl
fj<|fmd< ksl=;+ka
jdr®Isl m%;sY;h
ksl=;a l< jákdlu ^re' ì,shk& m%d:ñl oaù;Shsl

jr®Ih
fjkafoai.
s ; Rcq ksl;
= k
+ a uqΩ jákdlu
whs;uh fj<|fmd< fj<|fmd<
2014 28 833 861 2015 2016 2015 2016
2015 712 158 870
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a
2016 654 9 663 †k 91 5.74 - 7.10 6.45 - 9.04 5.72 - 7.00 6.43 - 9.04

uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j †k 182 5.86 - 7.31 6.83 - 9.94 5.85 - 7.12 6.72 - 9.91
†k 364 6.00 - 7.37 7.30 - 10.75 6.03 - 7.30 7.18 - 10.72

NdKavd.dr ne`≥ïlr
m%;sm;a;s wkqmd;slhkaf.a by< hEu fya;=fjka" jir 2 6.70 - 8.14 10.00 - 11.83 5.95 - 7.75 7.52 - 11.63
foaYSh rdcH Kh fj<|fmdf<ka úfoaYSh wruqo,a jir 3 7.18 - 8.70 11.51 - 11.75 6.93 - 9.02 8.76 - 11.97
wdmiq .,d hEfï m%;sM,hla f,i NdKavd.dr jir 4 8.15 - 9.50 10.61 - 12.78 7.13 - 9.42 9.31 - 12.38
ì,am;a iy NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlrj, is≥ l< úfoaY jir 5 8.11 - 9.79 11.42 - 13.00 7.24 - 9.63 9.49 - 12.56
jir 6 8.87 - 9.90 11.98 - 12.03 7.45 - 9.85 9.69 - 12.67
wdfhdack 2016 wjidkfha ° my< hk ,°' jir
jir 10 7.88 - 10.94 11.05 - 13.93 7.93 - 10.43 10.01 - 13.07
;=< is≥ lrk ,o iaffj¯;aj Kh fY%a◊.; jir 15 9.67 - 10.96 11.46 - 14.23 7.65 - 10.71 10.35 - 13.24
whym;a .e<mSï o fya;=fjka úfoaYSh wdfhdack jir 30 11.73 - 9.27 - 11.60 11.05 - 13.58
bv m%ia:d i|yd wvq b,aÆï ;;a;ajhla we;s úh' uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j

úfoaYSh m%d.aOk .,dhEï iy Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j

úiska jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wkqmd;h by< ±óu
fya;=fjka 2016 wjidkfha ° †k 364 l,ams¯ï iys;
NdKavd.dr ì,am;aj, M,∞ wkqmd;slh 2015 jir
wjidkhg idfmalaIj mdoldxl 287 lska by<
hk ,°' 2016 foieïnr® wjidkh jk úg †k 91"
†k 182 iy †k 364 l,ams¯ï iys; NdKavd.dr
ì,am;aj, fmd,S wkqmd;sl ms<sfj<ska ishhg
8'72 la" ishhg 9'63 la iy ishhg 10'17 la úh' 2016
wjidkh jk úg fláld,Sk fmd,S wkqmd;slfha
by< hEu NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlrj, M,∞ wkqmd;sl
by< hEug fya;=úh'
2016 jifr® ° NdKavd.dr ì,am;a i|yd
úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhkaf.a ;snQ reÑl;ajh ie,lsh
hq;= uÜgulska my< f.dia we;' 2016 foieïnr®
wjidkh jk úg NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlrj, úfoaYSh wdfhdackh
remsh,a ì,shk 260'03 la úh' úfoaYslhka
úiska is≥ lrkq ,nk y†is wdmiq .ekSï
ksid úfoaYSh ixÑ; u; jk wkjYH mSvkh
8'18 ixLHd igyk
NdKavd.dr ì,am;ays jd¾Isl m%d:ñl fj<|fmd< nß;
idudkH M,od wkqmd;sl
m˙K; ld,h
jr®Ih
†k 91 †k 182 †k 364
wju ls¯fï wruq◊ka 2016 whjeh u.ska uqΩ
NdKav.dr ì,am;a iy NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr
m%udKfhka úfoaYslhkag wdfhdackh ls¯ug
;snQ wjia:dj ishhg 12'5 isg ishhg 10'0 olajd
ixfYdaOkh lrñka rcfha iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmd<
úfoaYslhka fj; ksrdjrKh ùfï m%udKh
ixfYdaOkh ls¯ug lghq;= lrk ,°'
úfoaYSh jHjydr uqo,ska ksl=;a lrk ,o foaYSh
uOHld,Sk Kh m%udKh my; ±ófï wruq◊ka
2016 jir ;=< ° Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlrj,
l,ams¯ï jákdlu jQ t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"186'19 g
tfrysj rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"365'88 la muKla /ia lrk
,°' iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr iy Kh uqo,a ,nd fok
lKavdhï yryd /ia lr.kakd ,o wruqo,a Y%S
,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlrj, l,ams¯ï jákdlu
wdmiq f.ùu i|yd m%fhdackhg .kq ,eîh'
;jo" rcfha Kh .ekSfï jevigyk uQ,Hhkh
ls¯ug wjYH remsh,a iq/l=ïm;aj, wjYH;dj
Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlrj,ska jQ .,d taï ;=<ska
mshùu ksid ;j≥rg;a foaYSh fj<|fmdf<a fmd,S
wkqmd;slh u; we;s úh yels mSvkh wju uÜgul
iuia;
mj;ajdf.k hEug o yelshdj ,enq◊'
idudkHh

8
2012 10.72 12.29 12.14 11.81
2016 jir ;=< ° iuia; rdcH Kh l,fUys
2013 7.54 7.85 8.29 8.20 idudkH l,ams¯ï ld,h b;d iqΩ m%udKhlska wvq
2014 6.58 6.57 6.73 6.68 jQ w;r 2015 jifr® jdr®;d jQ jr®I 6'28 iuÛ ii|k
2015 6.32 6.50 6.60 6.46
2016 8.26 9.23 10.20 9.38
úg 2016 jir wjidkhg th jr®I 5'98 la f,i
uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®;d úh' 2015 foieïnr® wjidkfha jr®I 7'35 la

282
 uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdld¯;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj

jQ fkdmsh jQ NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr l,fUys idudkH
l,ams¯fï ld,h 2016 jir wjidk jkúg jr®I
7'07 la olajd my< hk ,°'
idx.ñl Kh iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmd<
2016 jifr® ° idx.ñl Kh m;% i|yd
jk fj<|fmd< 2015 jirg idfmalaIj wvq
l%shdldrs;ajhla fmkajk ,°' ksl=;a l< idx.ñl
m;%j, iuia; jákdlu 2015 jifr® ° mej;s remsh,a
ì,shk 7'9 isg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 7'0
olajd my; jegq◊' idx.ñl m;%j,g w∞< fmd,S
wkqmd;sl 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 8'7 ;a ishhg 14'8 ;a
w;r mrdihl úp,kh jQ w;r" th 2015 jifr® °
ishhg 7'0 ;a ishhg 12'0 ;a w;r mrdihl úp,kh
úh' udi 3 la fyda Bg wvq l,ams¯ï ld,hla iys;
idx.ñl m;%j, ∞hl;ajh iuia; ksl=;=j,ska
ishhg 42'9 la jQ w;r" udi 3 lg jeä yd udi 6
la olajd l,ams¯ï ld,hla iys; idx.ñl m;%j,
m%;sY;h ishhg 30'0 la úh' fYaIh udi 6 g jeä
yd udi 12 g wvq l,ams¯ï iys; idx.ñl m;% úh'
2016 jir wjidkhg fkdmshjQ iuia; idx.ñl
m;%j, jákdlu remsh,a ì,shk 2'2 la jQ w;r" th
2015 jir wjidkhg remsh,a ì,shk 4'5 la úh'
Khlr fj<|fmd< 2016 jifr® ° iqΩ
miqnEula fmkaùh' fld<U fldgia yqjudrej
úiska jdr®;d lrk wdldrhg 2016 jifr® ° iud.ï
14 la úiska is≥ l< Khlr ksl=;+ka 17 la u.ska
remsh,a ì,shk 78'0 la /ia l< w;r" 2015 jifr®
° Khlr ksl=;= 25 la u.ska remsh,a ì,shk
83'4 la /ia lr .ekssK' 2016 jifr® ° ,ehsia;=.;
iud.ïj, Khlrj,ska by<u w.h jQ remsh,a
ì,shk 8'0 mSm,aia ,Sisx wekaâ µskEkaia iud.u
úiska ksl=;a lrk ,°' óg wu;rj" yegka keIk,a
nexl=j" fldur®I,a nexl=j yd ãtµaiSiS nexl=j
wkqmd;sl wjm%udKh ùu jeks idOl fld<U
fldgia yqjudrefjys my< ldr®hidOkhg n,mE fya;=
úh' fuys m%;sM,hla f,i" nexl=" uQ,H iy rlaIK"
úúOdx.sl iud.ï" fydag,a yd ixpdrl iy ≥rl;k
ikaksfõok hkd° Wm wxYj, ñ, or®Yl jir ;=<
° ms<sfj<ska ishhg 7'7" ishhg 16'4" ishhg 7'4 iy
12'5 lska my< hk ,°'
fld<U fldgia yqjudrefjys m%d.aOkSlrKh
2016 jifr® ° my< hk ,°' fj<|fmd<
m%d.aOkSlrKh 2015 jifr® ° o< cd;sl ksIamd†;fhka
ishhg 26'8 la jQ w;r" 2016 jifr® ° th ishhg 23'2
olajd wvq úh' fj<|fmd< m%d.aOkSlrKhg w∞<j
úYd,;u wxY ;=k jk nexl=" uQ,H yd rlaIK" wdydr"
îu yd ≥ïfld< iy úúOdx.sl iud.ï hk wxYj,
m%d.aOkSlrKh 2016 jir wjidkhg meje;s iuia;
fj<|fmd< m%d.aOkSlrKfha m%;sY;hla f,i
ms<sfj<ska ishhg 23'8 la" ishhg 19'4 la iy ishhg
18'7 la úh' fï w;r" fld<U fldgia yqjudrefjys
,shdm†xÑ úYd,;u iud.ï oyfha fj<|fmd<
m%d.aOkSlrKh ishhg 41'7 la jQ w;r" th 2015
jifr® ° ishhg 40'8 la úh'
fld<U fldgia yqjudrefjys ffoksl idudkH
ms˙jegqu jir ;=< ° ukao.dó l%shdld˙;ajhlaa
ms<sìUq lrñka" 2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a
ñ,shk 1"059'6 isg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ñ,shk
737'2 la olajd ishhg 30'4 lska my; jegq◊' iuia;
ms˙jegqfuka ishhg 42'2 la úfoaY wdfhdaclhkaf.ka
iukaú; úh' 2016 jifr® ° fj<|fmdf<ys iqΩ
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283
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,ehsia;=.; l< iud.ï .Kk 294 295
fldgia y∫kajd°ï ^wd& 2 1
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ksl=;+kaf.ka /ialr.;a wruqo,a wxYh fj; ms<sfj<ska ishhg 40'6 la iy ishhg
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8
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284

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ixjr®Okh fyj;a ;sridr wdr®:ßl ixjr®Okh idlaId;a
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iyNd.s;ajh by< hEu;a iu`. fuu ;;a;ajh
miq.sh ld,h ;=< fjkia ù we;' úfYaIfhkau"
iajdNdúl m˙irh úiska uQ,H wdh;k fj; wj∞kï
fukau wjia:d o cks; lrkq ,nk nj uQ,H wxYh
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lsysmh ;=< y˙; fkdfyd;a ;sridr uQ,HlrKh
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(Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs)1 l%shd;aul
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moaO;s †hqKq ls¯ug jeo.;a mshjr .ksñka isà' G20
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;=<ska ;sridr uQ,H /ia ls¯u jeä†hqKq ls¯fï wruqK
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Study Group) msysgqjk ,°'
;sridr uQ,H iy tys jeo.;alu
y˙; uQ,H wOHhk lKavdhfuys" G20 Green
Finance Synthesis Report kï m%ldYkfhka wr®:
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8
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285
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wd†h u.ska md˙i˙l .egÆ yd iïnkaO m%;sm;a;s
ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq ls¯ug 1990 ueo .Kkaj,
mgka wdrïN fl˙K'
m˙irh yd ;sridr ixjr®Okh i|yd jQ uQ,H wdh;k
tlaj 1992 ° ˙fhda o ckhsfrda k.rfha ° tlai;a
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Environment Programme, UNEP& m%ldYkh
t<s±laùu;a iu`. m˙ir ys;ldó uQ,H lghq;=
ms<sn| meye†,s u.fmkaùula iemhsK' Jeucken
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m˙ir ys;ldó fomdr®;fïka;= msysgqjd we;s w;r"
m˙ir ys;ldó uQ,H WmlrK o y∫kajd °ug lghq;=
fldg we;' tmuKla fkdj" f,dal nexl=j jeks
nyqmdr®Yaùh ixjr®Ok wdh;kj, n,mEu fya;=fjka
md˙i˙l m%ñ;Ska ia:dmkh ls¯fï hï keUqrejla
olakg ,efnk w;r" ;sridr;ajh uq,a lr.;a
iud.ïj, ldr®hidOkh uekSu i|yd 'Dow Jones
Sustainability Group Index (1999)' iy 'FTSE4Good
Index (2001)' jeks or®Yl Wmfhda.S lr .ekSug uQ,H
m%cdj fhduq ùu ;=<ska th meye†,s fõ'
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moaO;s fhd∞ .ekSu Wfoid tu rgj,g iqúfYaIS jQ
cd;sl m%;sm;a;s iy b†˙ .uka u`. ieliSfuka th
meye†,s fõ' ksoiqkla f,i" 2012 jifr® ° tlai;a
rdcOdksh" m˙ir ys;ldó iy kjH;d wdfhdack
wjia:dj f.dkq ls¯fï wruq◊ka" 'Green Investment
Bank (GIB)' wdrïN ls¯u ±laúh yelsh' tfukau"
ol=Kq fld˙hdj o" ldnka wf,úlrK moaO;shla iy
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ls¯fï wruq◊ka wvq ldnka y˙; jr®Ok rduqjla
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8
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Corperation, IFC) iydh iys;j ke`.S tk rgj,
286
msysgqjd we;s ;sridr nexl= cd,h (Sustainable Banking
Network, SBN) ±kqu yqjudre ls¯u" Od˙;d f.dvkexùu
yd cd;sl jevms<sfj< ilia ls¯ug iydh °u hkd†h
u.ska ;sridr uQ,H †hqKq ls¯u i|yd u.fmkaùula
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jk m%;sm;a;s ixjr®Okh yd Bg w∞< lghq;=j,g
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wOHhkh i|yd o tu cd,h myiqlï imhhs' ;sridr
nexl= cd,h ms<sn| woyi m%:u jrg biau;= jQfha
2012 jifr® uehs udifha ° î‚x k.rfha ° cd;Hka;r
uQ,H ixia:dfõ iy Ök nexl= kshduk fldñifuys
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f,i cd;Hka;r uQ,H ixia:dj fj;ska b,a,d
isák ,°' ta wkqj" fuu cd,h ks, jYfhka 2012
iema;eïnr® udifha ° wdrïN lrk ,°' tys idud‚l
rgj,a w;˙ka nx.a,dfoaY uy nexl=j 2011 jifr® °
y˙; nexl=lrK m%;sm;a;s iy md,khg w∞< m˙ir
wj∞kï l<ukdlrK udr®f.damfoaYk iy m%;sm;a;s
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;SrK .ekSfï wx.hla f,i md˙i˙l n,mEu yd
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nexl=lrKh ls%hd;aul ls¯u i|yd Ökh 2012 jifr® °
nexl= i|yd zy˙; Kh udr®f.damfoaYZ y∫kajd
≥kafkah' 2015 ° Ökh úiska y˙; nexl=lrKh
wëlaIKh iy we.hSu Yla;su;a ls¯ug uQ,sl
ldr®hidOk or®Yl o y∫kajd fokq ,eîh' bka≥kSishdj
o" foaY.=◊l fjkiaùï wju lr .ekSu" wkqjr®;kh
ùu iy ;r.ld¯ ldnka wju wdr®:ßlhg m˙jr®;kh
ùu i|yd jk cd;sl j.lSu y∫kd .ksñka 2014
jifr® ° ;sridr uQ,H ms<sn| b†˙ ±laula t<soelaùh'
2007 jifr® ° bka†hdkq ixÑ; nexl=j ;sridr
ixjr®Okh iy uQ,H fkdjk jdr®;dlrKh m%jr®Okh
ls¯fï lghq;= wdrïN l< w;r" 2017 jifr® ° bka°h
nexl=lrejkaf.a ix.uh j.lSï iy.; uQ,H uQ,Or®u
b†˙m;a lf<ah' mlsia:dkq uy nexl=j 2017 jifr® °
y˙; nexl= udr®f.damfoaYk y∫kajd °fï l%shdj,sfhys
ksr;j isáhs' fun∫ tla tla rgj,g iqúfYaIS m%;sm;a;s$
udr®f.damfoaYk jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd fukau
tajd wka;r®cd;sl ukd m˙phkag wkql+, f,i
iudfhdackh ls¯u i|yd cd;Hka;r uQ,H ixia:dj
ksrka;rfhkau Wmdhudr®.sl iy ;dlaI◊l
WmfoaYk fiajd imhkq ,nhs'

Y%S ,xldfõ ;sridr uQ,H m%j¾Okh lsÍu iy bÈß ±lau
;sridr ixjr®Okh i|yd jQ jevigyk l%shd;aul
ls¯u;a iu`. Y%S ,xldj md˙i˙l ;sridr nj iy
y˙; jHdmdr lghq;= m%jr®Okh jeks m%uqL;dj ,nd
†h hq;= lafIa;% .Kkdjla y∫kd f.k we;' fuu
wruqKq imqrd,Su Wfoid" ;sridr iy Yla;su;a
ixjr®Okhla w;alr .ekSu i|yd w∞< ;sridr
ixjr®Ok b,lal iïmQr®K lrk w;r;=r md˙i˙l
.egÆ ms<sn|j o wjOdkh fhduq lrkq ,nk tlai;a
cd;Skaf.a md˙i˙l jevigyfkys we;s kS,-y˙;
wdr®:ßl ixl,amhg wkql+,j Y%S ,xldj o kS,-y˙;
Wmdhudr®.sl ixjr®Ok ie,eiau (Blue-Green
Development Strategy) y∫kajd ° we;'
fun∫ m%uqL;d iy ixjr®Ok wNsfhda. ch .ekSu i|yd
j.lsjhq;= fukau ishÆ fokd wka;r®.%yKh lrkq
,nk uQ,H moaO;shla mej;Su Y%S ,xldjg w;sYhska
jeo.;a fõ' úfYaIfhkau" Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,H moaO;sh
;=< nexl= m%n, N+ñldjla fydnjk neúka" ;sridr
nexl=lrKhla i|yd jk mq`M,a Wmdhudr®.fhys
wx.hla jYfhka ;sridr uQ,H lghq;= i|yd fhduq
ùfï j.lSu nexl= i;= fõ' tfukau" y˙; Kh ,nd
°u ;=<ska" m˙ir ys;ldó jHdmdr i|yd ∞hl ùug;a"
tu.ska m%;s,dN ,eîug;a yelshdj we;' wdr®:ßl
l%shdldrlï yd ne∫Kq md˙i˙l wj∞kï úiska uQ,H
wdh;k fj; uQ,H wj∞kula o we;s flfrk neúka"
;sridr nj ;yjqre lrkq ,nk lghq;= i|yd m%;sm;a;s
ilia ls¯ug fukau ish .kqfokqlrejkaf.a jrKh
fjkia ls¯u i|yd m%h;ak ±¯ug o nexl=j,g yelsh'
fndfyda uQ,H yd nexl= wxY w;r ;sridr uQ,H
m%p,s; fjñka mej;sh o" ;sridr uQ,H ixjr®Okh
ls¯u i|yd wNsfhda. /ila mj;S' ta w;r"
^w& ndysr;d( m˙ir ndysr;d WÑ; yd ms˙jeh-M,∞hS
f,i wNHka;¯lrKh ls¯u· ^wd& m˙K; ld,
fkd.e<mSu( †.=ld,Sk jHdmD;s i|yd wruqo,aj,g
we;s b,aÆug idfmalaIj m%udKj;a fkdjk †.=ld,Sk
wruqo,a iemhqu· ^we& ;sridr uQ,H hk ixl,amh
ms<sn| we;s fkdmeye†,snj( ;sridr uQ,H lghq;=
hkafkys l=ula wvx.= o" l=uk WmlrK mj;S o
hkak y∫kd .ekSu· ^wE& f;dr;=re wiudk;djh(
m˙irhg w∞< f;dr;=re ms<sn| wkdjrKh
fkdùu· iy ^b& úYaf,aIK yelshdjka m%udKj;a
fkdùu( md˙i˙l wj∞kï ;=<ska u;= jk uQ,H
m%;súmdl ms<sn| uQ,H wdh;k i;= wju ±kqu
iy wvq yelshdj m%Odk fõ ^G20 Green Finance
Synthesis Report&' Y%S ,xldjg o n,mdk fuu
wNsfhda." ±kqu fn∞ .ekSu jeä†hqKq ls¯u" YlH;d
jr®Okh" Yla;su;a yd meye†,s m%;sm;a;s úêúOdk
iy ;sridr uQ,H l%shdldrlï ms<sn| meye†,sj y∫kd
.ekSu wd†h ;=<ska ch.; yelsh'
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdld¯;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj
Y%S ,xld nexl=lrejkaf.a ix.ufhys kdhl;ajh
hgf;a Y%S ,xldfõ nexl= lsysmhla ±kgu;a ;sridr
nexl=lrKhg w∞< iafõÉPd uQ,Or®u lsysmhla
wkq.ukh lr we;' ;sridr uQ,H ms<sn| ixl,amh
Y%S ,xldj ;=< l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd w∞< jk fuu
uQ,Or®u w;rg" md˙i˙l iy iudchSh wj∞kï
l<ukdlrKh" m˙irhg iy iudchg is≥ jk n,mEï
;lafiarelrKh" w∞< mdr®Yajlrejkaf.a whs;Ska"
uQ,H wka;r®.%yKh fyj;a ishÆ mdr®Yajlrejka
we;=<;a ùu" md˙i˙l iy iudchSh ukd wdpdr Or®u
u; mokï jQ uQ,H lghq;= m%jr®Okh" y˙; wdr®:ßl
jr®Okh m%jr®Okh" Od˙;d f.dvkexùu" iyfhda.S
yjq,ald˙;ajh" úksúo nj iy j.ùu m%jr®Okh
fukau fjk;a nexl= w;r md˙i˙l yd iud„h .egÆ
iïnkaOj ;Sj% ;r.fhys kshqla; fkdùu hkd°
lafIa;% wh;a fõ' fuu uQ,Or®u u.ska kfjda;amdokh"
;r.ld˙;ajh" nexl= Khj, .=Kd;aul nj jeä†hqKq
ls¯u" fukau iudc wiudk;dj" foaY.=◊l fjkiaùu"
iïm;a ys`.lu iy md˙i˙l ydks jeks ;sridr;ajh
yuqfõ we;s wNsfhda. ch .ekSu o wfmalaId flfr®'
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j o mdr®Yajlrejkaf.a iydh
we;sj fuu lghq;= mq`M,a ls¯u i|yd m%h;ak
orñka isák w;r" uQ,H wdh;k úiska uQ,Hkh
lrkq ,nk jHdmD;sj, we;s md˙i˙l iy iud„h
wj∞kï l<ukdlrKh ls¯ug iy m˙ir ys;ldó
y˙; jHdmdr m%jr®Okh i|yd wjYH u.fmkaùu is≥
lrhs' fï i|yd m%Odk mdr®Yajlrejkaf.a iyfhda.h
iys;j m%;sm;a;s b†˙ ±laula fï jk úg iïmdokh
flfrñka mj;sk w;r" tu.ska ;sridr uQ,H lghq;=j,
ksr; ùu mq`M,a ls¯u i|yd Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,H wdh;k
fj; wjYH flfrk u.fmkaùu iy iyfhda.h ,nd
°ug;a Y%S ,xldfõ wdr®:ßlfhys ;sridr ixjr®Okh
i|yd ∞hl ùug;a wjldY ie,fihs'
uQ,hka(
G20 Green Finance Study Group, 2016, G20 Green Finance Synthesis
Report.
Gerster, Richard, 2011, Sustainable Finance: Achievements, Challenges,
Outlook, Striking a Balance ahead of Rio+20.
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8
Schäfer, Henry, 2012, Sustainable Finance - A Conceptual Outline,
University of Stuttgart Working Paper No. 03/2012.
Yunwen, Bai; Faure, Michael and Jing Liu, 1989, The Role of China’s
Banking Sector in providing Green Finance, Duke Environmental Law and
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287
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
ixjr®Ok fhdackd l%uh iy f;a ixjr®Ok pl%Sh
Kh wruqo, hkd° Kh fhdackd l%u u.ska is≥ lrk
,°' ta wkqj" fuu Kh fhdackd l%u hgf;a remsh,a
ñ,shk 9"660'5 la wod< wxYj, f.dùka 89"730 la
fj; uq∞yer we;' uqΩ Kh uq∞ye¯ïj,ska ishhg
82'9 l m%udKhla kj ims˙ .%dóh Kh fhdackd
l%uh u.ska uq∞yer we;s w;r fuu Kh fhdackd
l%uh iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska ,ndfok
Kh i|yd fmd,S iykdOdr iy Kh wem wdjrK
imhk m%uqL;u Kh fhdackd l%uh fõ' tfiau"
fuu.ska fláld,Sk fnda. jr®. 33 l ksIamdok
lghq;= i|yd l=vd m˙udK f.dùkag wjYH ldrl
m%d.aOkh imhd fokq ,nhs' fuu Kh fhdackd
l%uh u.ska muKla lDIsldr®ñl wxYh i|yd
ishhg 63'8 l ∞hl;ajhla ,nd ° we;'
m%Odk jYfhka j.d lrk m%foaYj, uy
lkakh ;=< meje;s hym;a ld<.=Ksl ;;a;ajh
fya;=fjka" kj ims˙ .%dóh Kh fhdackd l%uh
hgf;a uq∞y˙k ,o Kh m%udKh 2016 jifr® °
ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< f.dia we;' kj ims˙ .%dóh
Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a m%∞kh lrk ,o Kh
m%udKh 2015 jir yd ii|k l, 2016 jifr®
° ishhg 12'2 lska jr®Okh ù we;' fuu Kh
fhdackd l%uh hgf;a ,nd ° we;s Khj,ska jeä
m%udKhla idudkH m˙† wkqrdOmqr †ia;%slalhg
imhd we;s w;r ^ishhg 17 la&" wfkl=;a †ia;%slal
w;˙ka ms<sfj,ska fmdf<dkakrej ^ishhg 13 la&
iy wïmdr ^ishhg 10 la& hk †ia;%slalj,g o Kh
uqo,a uq∞yer we;' kj ims˙ .%dóh Kh fhdackd
l%uh hgf;a uqΩ Kh uq∞ye¯ïj,ska jeäu
m%udKhla ^ishhg 63 la& m%Odk fnda. j.dj jk ù
j.dj i|yd ,ndf.k we;' 2020 jifr® ° rfÜ iSks
wjYH;djfhka ishhg 50 la imqrd .ekSu wruqKq
lr.ksñka" iSks lr®udka;fha ixjr®Okh i|yd
jQ cd;sl m%;sm;a;shg iyh ±laùula f,i" 2016
jr®Ifha ° uy nexl=j" Wla j.dlrejkag iyk∞hS
Kh iemhSu i|yd kj ims˙ .%dóh Kh fhdackd
l%uh hgf;a iq≥iqlï ,;a fndaa.hla f,i §Wla
j.dj¶ we;=<;a lrk ,°'
miq.sh jir yd iiπ n,k l, 2016 jifr® °
uyd m˙udK ls˙ ksIamdok ixjr®Ok Kh fhdackd
l%uh hgf;a ,nd fok ,o Kh m%udKh ishhg
8
32'8 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< f.dia we;'
f.dúm< ixjr®Okh" ls˙ ieliqu" m%jdykh" .nvd
ls¯u iy wf,úlrKh hk ls˙ wdY%s; lghq;=
i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 1"633'5 l Kh m%udKhla
ls˙ f.dùka iy ls˙ jHjidhlhka 2"667 la fj;
288
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k yryd fuu Kh fhdackd
l%uh hgf;a m%∞kh lrk ,°' fndfyduhla ls˙
wdY%s; ksIamdok lghq;=j, ° m%;s,dN ,nd.ekSug
idfmalaI jYfhka udi 6 lg jvd jeä ld,hla
.;jk neúka" uy nexl=j úiska ls˙ f.dùka iy ;u
md˙fNda.slhka fjkqfjka iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k
úiska lrk ,o b,a,Su i,ld n,d w∞< jHdmD;sfha
wjYH;djh u; mokïj uyd m˙udK ls˙ ksIamdok
ixjr®Ok Kh fhdackd l%ufha Wm˙u iyk ld,h
udi 6 isg udi 12 olajd °r®> lrk ,°' fuu
Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a Tjqkaf.a Kh jd˙l
f.ùu i|yd ys;lr uqo,a m%jdyhla ckkh ùug
m%udKj;a ld,m˙Éf√ohla ie,iSu i|yd fuu
mshjr .kakd ,oS' óg wu;rj" 2017 fmnrjd˙
06 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙†" uyd m˙udK ls˙
ksIamdok ixjr®Ok Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a
Wm˙u Kh wdmiq f.ùfï ld,h jirl Wm˙u
iyk ld,hla o we;=<;aj jir 5 isg jir 6 olajd
°r®> lrk ,°' ldr®hidOk uÜgu wkqj n,k
l," kj ims˙ .%dóh Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a iy
uyd m˙udK ls˙ ksIamdok ixjr®Ok Kh fhdackd
l%uh hgf;a m%∞kh lrk ,o uqΩ Kh m%udKh
2016 jifr® ° ishhg 15'3 lska by< f.dia we;'
w;rue† uQ,H fiajd imhkakka ksrka;rfhka
uqyqKmdk .egΩ iy Tjqkaf.a fjkia jk
wjYH;djhka y∫kd .ekSfï wruq◊ka uy nexl=j
úiska lDIslr®u wxYh kùlrK jHdmD;sh hgf;a
Kh uqo,ska fldgila wdjrKh ls¯u i|yd §wdxYsl
Kh wem wdjrK fhdackd l%uh¶ f,dal nexl=
wruqo,a u; y∫kajd °ug mshjr .kakd ,°' wdxYsl
Kh wem wdjrK fhdackd l%uh" lDIsldr®ñl wxY
kùlrK jHdmD;sh hgf;a kjH wj∞kï fn∞
.ekSfï fuj,ula f,i o y∫kajd ° we;s w;r" th
lDIsldr®ñl M,∞hs;ajh iy ldr®hlaIu;djh i|yd
iyh ±laùu" fj<|fmd< m%fõYh jeä†hqKq ls¯u
iy tl;= l< w.h by< kexùu wruqKq lr.ksñka
l%shd;aul lrkq ,nhs' ;j≥rg;a" lDIsldr®ñl wxYh
kùlrK jHdmD;sfhys .e,mqï m%∞kh u.ska
jHdmD;s ms˙jefhka ishhg 50 la wdjrKh lrk
w;r" ta ;=<ska uQ,H m%fõYh by< kexùu wfmalaId
lrkq ,nhs'
2016 jifr® ° o laIqø" l=vd iy uOH m˙udK
wxYh i|yd fkdlvjd Kh ,nd °ug m%uqL;ajh
,ndfok ,°' ;sridr wdr®:ßl jr®Okh" /lshd
wjia:d cks; ls¯u iy †<s∫lu msgq±lSu wd†h
b,lal lr .ksñka uy nexl=j" laIqø" l=vd iy
uOH m˙udK wxYh i|yd iyk∞hS Kh fhdackd

l%u 5 la Tiafia Kh ,nd ° we;s w;r" tu fhdackd
l%u jkafka" fi!Nd.Hd Kh fhdackd l%uh"
l=vd j;= jHjidhl;aj ixjr®Ok jevigyk"
úh<s l,dmSh „jfkdamdh i|yd iydhùfï iy
∞hlùfï jevigyk - pl%Sh wruqo," iajhx
/lshd m%jr®Ok uQ,drïN Kh fhdackd l%uh -
w†hr II iy f;a lr®udka;Yd,d i|yd jQ ldrl
m%d.aOk Kh fhdackd l%uh fõ' 2016 jifr® °
fuu Kh fhdackd l%u yryd remsh,a ñ,shk
8"447'2 l Kh m%udKhla m%;s,dNSka 13"810 la w;fr®
uq∞yer we;' fuu Kh fhdackd l%u w;˙ka laIqø"
l=vd yd uOH m˙udK wxYh i|yd °m jHdma;j
Kh ,ndfok m%uqL;u Kh fhdackd l%uh jk
§fi!Nd.Hd¶ Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a remsh,a ñ,shk
4"767'1 l Kh uqo,la uq∞y˙k ,o w;r" th
laIqø" l=vd yd uOH m˙udK wxYhg uq∞y˙k ,o
Khj,ska ishhg 56'4 l m%;sY;hls' 2015 wf.daia;=
udifha ° y∫kajd fok ,o f;a lr®udka;Yd,d i|yd
ldrl m%d.aOk Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a Kh ,nd
.ekSug iq≥iqlï,;a ,shdm†xÑ f;a lr®udka;Yd,d
ysñhka 115 fofkl= w;r remsh,a ñ,shk 3"539'8 l
flá ld,Sk ldrl m%d.aOk Kh uqo,a m%udKhla
uq∞y˙k ,°' th 2016 jifr® ° laIqø" l=vd yd uOH
m˙udK wxYh i|yd ,ndfok ,o Khj,ska ishhg
41'9 l ;rï jQ ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhla f,i
.Kkh lr we;' ;j≥rg;a" l=vd j;= jHjidhl;aj
ixjr®Ok jevigyk" úh<s l,dmSh „jfkdamdh
i|yd iydh ùfï iy yjq,a ùfï jevigyk pl%Sh
jevigyk iy iajhx /lshd m%jr®Ok uQ,drïNl
Kh fhdackd l%uh - w†hr II hk Kh fhdackd
l%u hgf;a remsh,a ñ,shk 140'2 l Kh uqo,la
Kh.e;shka 677 la w;fr® uq∞yer we;' 2016 jifr®
°" f;a lr®udka;Yd,d i|yd jQ ldrl m%d.aOk
Kh fhdackd l%uh yer wfkl=;a Kh fhdackd
l%u hgf;a uq∞y˙k ,o uqΩ Kh m%udKh 2015
° uq∞y˙k ,o Kh m%udKh yd iiπ ne,Sfï °
ishhg 42'5 lska jeä ùula fmkakqï lrhs'
laIqø" l=vd yd uOH m˙udK wxYfhys
ixjr®Okh i|yd M,∞hS Kh iemhSu ;j≥rg;a
Yla;su;a ls¯ug m%;sm;a;suh l%shdudr®. .Kkdjla
uy nexl=j úiska .kakd ,°' fuu l%shdudr®. w;r
Y%S ,xld rch fjkqfjka iajhx /lshd m%jr®Ok
uQ,drïNl Kh fhdackd l%uh - w†hr II wdrïN
ls¯u ±laúh yelsh' iajhx /lshd m%jr®Ok
uQ,drïNl Kh fhdackd l%uh - w†hr II u.ska
w∞< jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wdh;k u.ska mj;ajkq ,nk
mdGud,djka iïmQr®K lrk ,o isiqkg iajhx
/lshd jHdmD;s wdrïN ls¯u i|yd Kh myiqlï
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdld¯;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj
imhk ,o iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;khkag m%;suQ,H
myiqlï iemhSu wLKavj is≥ lrkq we;'
laIqø" l=vd iy uOH m˙udK wxYfha ixjr®Okh
iy /lshd W;amdokh b,lal lr .ksñka Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j" cd;sl m%;sm;a;s iy wdr®:ßl lghq;=
ms<sn| wud;HdxYh yd tlaj §iajYla;s /lshd oi
,laIhla lrd¶ hk kñka Kh fhdackd l%uhla
y∫kajd fok ,°' Y%S ,xld rch úiska wruqo,a imhk
fuu Kh fhdackd l%uh u.ska .%dóh uÜgfï
lDIsldr®ñl iy i;aj md,k" ldr®ñl yd fiajd hk
wxYhkays wd∞hï W;amdok l%shdldrlïj, ksr;
jk jHjidhkag yd ksr; ùug wfmalaId lrk kj
m%fõYlhka hk fomdr®Yjhgu wjYH uQ,H iyh
,nd°u wfmaalaId flfr®'
fmd≥ ck;dj w;r uQ,H fiajdjka ;j≥rg;a
mqΩ,a ls¯u iy rg ;=< †<s∫lu msgq±lSu wruqKq
lr .ksñka 2016 jifr® ° o laIqøuQ,H wxYh fj;
Kh ,nd°u wLKavj is≥ lrk ,°' fuu wruqK
<Ûdlr .ekSu i|yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j laIqøuQ,H
Kh fhdackd l%u 5 la l%shd;aul lrk ,°' tajd
kï" †<s∫lu msgq±lSu i|yd jk laIqøuQ,H pl%Sh
Kh jHdmD;sh - w†hr II" †<s∫lu msgq±lSu i|yd
jk laIqøuQ,H pl%Sh Kh jHdmD;sh" iqΩ f.dùka iy
bvï fkdue;s wh i|yd jk pl%Sh Kh jHdmD;sh"
laIqøuQ,H Kh fhdackd l%uh iy cd;sl lDIs
jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyk hgf;a l%shd;aul jk
§;reK †˙h¶ Kh fhdackd l%uh fõ' 2016 jifr® °
fuu Kh fhdackd l%u hgf;a remsh,a ñ,shk
2"701'4 l Kh m%udKhla m%;s,dNSka 32"963 la w;fr®
,nd fok ,°' rfÜ ldr®ñl" lDIsldr®ñl" i;aj
md,k" u;aiH" fj<| iy fjk;a fiajdjkaj,g
w∞<j wd∞hï W;amdok l%shdldrlïj, ksr;
ù isák laIqø uÜgfï jHjidhlhka b,lal
lr.ksñka fuu Kh fhdackd l%u l%shd;aul lrk
,°' fmr jir yd iiπ n,k l," 2016 jifr® °
uy nexl=j úiska l%shd;aul lrkq ,enQ laIqøuQ,H
Kh fhdackd l%u hgf;a uq∞y˙k ,o uqΩ Kh
m%udKh ishhg 31'6 lska by< f.dia we;'
laIqøuQ,H wxYfha uQ,H m%fõYh by< kexùu
i|yd YS% ,xld uy nexl=j kj m%fõYhka .Kkdjla
.kakd ,°' ta wkqj" ldr®ñl" lDIsldr®ñl" mY=
iïm;a" u;aiH" fj<| iy fjk;a fiajdjkaj, laIqø
8
uÜgñka wd∞hï W;amdok l%shdldrlïj, ksr; ù
isák laIqø jHjidhlhska b,lal lr .ksñka" 2016
ckjd˙ udifha ° lDIsldr®ñl ixjr®Okh i|yd jQ
cd;Hka;r wruqo," úiska wruqo,a imhk cd;sl
lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyk" hgf;a remsh,a
289
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
ñ,shk 90 la uq∞ye¯u i|yd laIqøuQ,H jevigyk
kej; wdrïN lrk ,°' tfiau" tla tla mqoa.,hka
úiska lrk ,o b,a,Sug m%;spdr olajñka 2016
jifr® ° fuu Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a ,nd
fok Kh uqof,ys wju Kh iSudj remsh,a 30"000
isg remsh,a 10"000 olajd wvq lrk ,o w;r" fuu
ixfYdaOkh;aa iuÛ m%;s,dNSkag ,nd.; yels Kh
iSudj remsh,a 10"000 isg remsh,a 300"000 olajd jQ
mrdihl mj;skq we;' óg wu;rj" .%dóh ;reK
;re◊hkaf.a „jfkdamdh by< kexùu i|yd l=vd
m˙udKfha jHdmdr wdrïN ls¯ug Kh myiqlï iy
wjYH mqyqKqùï ,nd°u wruqKq lr .ksñka 2016 °
cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyk" hgf;a
§;reK †˙h¶ ;dreKHh iún,.ekaùu iy /lshd
jHdmD;sh kñka fhdackd l%uhla y∫kajd fok ,°'
fuu Kh fhdackd l%uhg w∞<j fufyhqï Wmfoia
jir ;=< ° iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k fj; ksl=;a
lrk ,°' óg wu;rj" lDIsldr®ñl ksIamdokj,
ksIamdokh" M,∞hs;djh" .=Kd;aul nj iy
tl;= l< w.h jeä ls¯fï wruq◊ka cd;sl lDIs
jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyfkys msg; j.dlrejka
^fldka;%d;a f.dùka& i|yd jQ Kh fhdackd l%uh
hgf;a §w.h∞u ixjr®Ok m%d.aOk lDIsldr®ñl
Kh fhdackd l%uh¶ iy §w.h∞u ixjr®Ok ld,Sk
lDIsldr®ñl Kh fhdackd l%uh¶ l%shd;aul lrk
,°'
uQ,H idlaIr;djh" uQ,H l<ukdlrKh"
jHjidhl;aj ixjr®Okh hk lafIa;%hka wdjrKh
lrñka jevigyka iy jevuqΩ .Kkdjla
meje;aùu iy mqyqKq lrkakka mqyqKq ls¯u iy
jHjidhlhka i|yd jHdmD;s we.hSfï jevuqΩ
meje;aùu ;=<ska uy nexl=j" uQ,H idlaIr;djh"
uQ,H wka;r®.;Ndjh m%jr®Okh ls¯u iy
jHjidhl;aj ixjr®Oh i|yd wLKavj lghq;=
lrk ,°' ta wkqj" uy nexl=j úiska 2016 jifr® °
m%;s,dNSka iy wfkl=;a mdr®Yjhka ±kqïj;a ls¯u
i|yd ±kqïj;a ls¯fï jevigyka 172 la mj;ajk
,o w;r" †<s∫lu ;=rka ls¯u i|yd ìï uÜgfï
jHjidhlhka iún, .ekaùfï wruq◊ka iucd;sh
iduqysl jHjidh" tkï" iajhx wdOdrl lKavdhï
ksr®udKh ls¯u i|yd †<s∫lu msgq±lSu i|yd jk
laIqøuQ,H pl%Sh Kh jHdmD;sh - w†hr II hgf;a
8
m%uqL;ajh ,ndfok ,°'
rfÜ uQ,H wka;r®.;Ndjh ms<sn|j b,aÆï
mdr®Yjfha f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSu i|yd m<uq jrg
°m jHdma; lafIa;% iólaIKhla meje;aú◊'
290
fuu iólaIKh u.ska /ia lrk ,o f;dr;=re
rfÜ uQ,H wka;r®.;Ndjfha uÜgu uekSu i|yd
mdol f;dr;=re imhk w;ru Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,H
wka;r®.;Ndjh i|yd cd;sl Wmdhudr®.hka ilia
ls¯ug o u. mdokq we;'
8'6 uQ,H há;, myiqlï
f.ùï iy mshùï moaO;ss
uy nexl=j úiska rg ;=< wdr®:sl ls%hdldrlï
i|yd myiqlï ie,iSug" ldr®hlaIu iy wdrlaIs;
cd;sl f.ùï há;, myiqlï iy;sl ls¯u i|yd
f.ùï iy mshùï moaO;s jeä†hqKq ls¯ug ∞hl
ùu yd kshdukh iy wëlaIK lghq;= 2016 jifr®
° ;j≥rg;a wLKavj is≥ lrk ,°' ta wkqj" f.ùï
l%ufõoj, kj m%jK;djka i|yd wkqn, °fï
wruqK we;sj uy nexl=j wëlaIK lghq;= jvd;a
Yla;su;a ls¯u;a kj f.ùï l%u wdY%s; wj∞kï
wju ls¯u i|yd kshduk ls%hdudr®. y∫kajd °u
i|yd lghq;= wdrïN ls¯u;a is≥ lrk ,°' fuhg
wu;rj" ;ks mqoa.,hskaf.a iy jHdmdrj, f.ùï
wjYH;d imqrd,Su i|yd úYd, jákdlñka hq;= iy
iqΩ m˙udK f.ùï moaO;sj, iqug ls%hdld˙;ajh o
2016 jifr® ° uy nexl=j úiska ;yjqre ls¯u i|yd
lghq;= lrk ,°'
i,ld n,k jir ;=< °" ,xld fiÜ,a
moaO;sfhys m%Odk Wm moaO;Ska jk ;;ald,Sk o<
mshùï moaO;sh iy ,xld filHq moaO;sh" by<
hñka mj;sk .kqfokq m%udKh i|yd myiqlï
i,iñka iqug f,i ls%hd;aul úh' úYd, jákdlï
iys; iy ld, ixfõ° YS% ,xld remsh,a .kqfokq"
;;ald,Sk moku u; mshjkq ,nk ;;ald,Sk o<
mshùï moaO;sh u.ska remsh,a ì,shk 93"378 l
jákdlñka hq;= .kqfokq 365"991 l mshùï lghq;=
2016 jifr® ° is≥ lrk ,°' ;;ald,Sk o< mshùï
moaO;sh yryd is≥ l< .kqfokqj, uqΩ jákdlu"
uqo,a Ndú;fhka f;drj is≥ lrk ,o .kqfokqj,
jákdlfuka ishhg 88 la jQ w;r" th ;j ≥rg;a
m%Odk wka;r®nexl= wruqo,a yqjudre l%uh f,i
mej;=◊' iyNd.s;aj wdh;kj, øjYS,;d .egÆ
úi£fï l%ufõohla f,i ;;ald,Sk o< mshùï
moaO;s fufyhqïlre f,i uy nexl=j úiska rcfha
iq/l=ïm;a iq/l=ula f,i ;nd f.k fokq ,nk
fmd,S rys; tla†k øjYS,;d myiqlï ,nd°u
;j≥rg;a is≥ lrk ,°' jir ;=< ° iyNd.s;aj
wdh;k úiska remsh,a á%,shk 9'2 l jákdlñka
hq;= tla†k øjYS,;d myiqlï Ndú;d lrk ,o
 uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdld¯;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj

w;r tys ffoksl idudkH jákdlu remsh,a
ì,shk 38'4 la úh' 2016 foieïnr® ui wjidkfha
° ,xldfilHq moaO;sfhys meje;s uqΩ ksr®f,aLk
iq/l=ïm;aj, uqyqK; jákdlu remsh,a ì,shk
4"846'0 la jQ w;r" th jákdlu remsh,a ì,shk
792'4 la jQ NdKavd.dr ì,am;aj,ska o" jákdlu
remsh,a ì,shk 4"053'6 la jQ NdKavd.dr
ne∫ïlrj,ska o iukaú; úh'
i,ld n,k jir ;=< °" ,xldla,shr® mqoa.,sl
iud.u úiska fufyhjkq ,nk fplam;a ksIaldYk
moaO;sh remsh,a ì,shk 9"601 l jákdlñka hq;=
fplam;a ñ,shk 51'9 la ksIaldYkh lr we;'
fplam;a u.ska is≥ lrk ,o .kqfokq m%udKh"
uqo,a Ndú;fhka f;drj is≥ l< .kqfokqj,ska
ishhg 30'3 la jQ w;r" tu.ska iqΩ m˙udK
.kqfokq i|yd fplam;a flfrys ;j≥rg;a we;s
ckms%h;djh ms<sìUq lrhs' 2016 Tlaf;danr® udifha
° ,xldla,shr® mqoa.,sl iud.u úiska iïfma%IK
is≥ lrk wjia:dfõ ° fplam;a ms<sìUqj, wdrlaIl
;;a;ajh jeä †hqKq ls¯u i<ld n,m;%,dNS jd◊c
nexl= úiska ksIaldYkh i|yd fplam;a ms<sìUq
,xldla,shr® mqoa.,sl wdh;kh fj; ,ndfok
l%ufõoh jeä †hqKq lrk ,°' ta wkqj fn∞ye¯fï
wdh;k (Courier Service) yryd ixhqla; ;eá u.ska
ksIaldYkh i|yd fplam;a ms<sônq b†˙m;a ls¯fï
l%ufõoh fjkqjg fplam;a ms<sônq b†˙m;a ls¯u
i|yd ux.; l%ufõohla ,xldla,shr® mqoa.,sl
iud.u úiska y∫kajd fok ,°'
tla wdh;khlg .kqfokqlrejkaf.a .sKqï u;
mokï jQ cx.u ≥rl:k wdY%s; f.ùï moaO;shla
ls%hd;aul ls¯u i|yd o n,m;% ksl=;a lrk ,o
w;r ta iu`. n,m;%,dNS f.ùï ldâm;a iy cx.u
≥rl:k wdY%s; fiajd iemhqïlrejkaf.a ixLHdj
35 olajd jeä úh' 2016 jifr® ° n,m;%,dNS
fiajd iemhqïlrejka ;sfofkl=g ;u fufyhqï
lghq;=j, mrdih mqΩ,a ls¯u i|yd kj w.h
rdYs.; ldâm;a l%ufõo y∫kajd °ug YS% ,xld
uy nexl=fõ wkque;sh ,nd fok ,°' fuhg wu;rj
niakdysr m<d; ;=< y∫kajd fok ,o ;ks ldr®h
w.h rdYs.; m%jdyk ldâm; iy .dia;= tla/ia
ls¯fï l%ufõoh uOHu m<df;ys ls%hd;aul lrk
,o kshuqq jHdmD;shla i|yd Ndú;d ls¯ug o wjir
,nd fok ,°' f.ùï ldâm;a iy cx.u ≥rl:k
wdY%s; f.ùï moaO;sj,g w∞< wj∞kï wju ls¯u
i|yd YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska t;eka m¯laIK
iy ≥ria: wfõlaIK lghq;= ;j≥rg;a is≥ lrk
,o w;r" tu moaO;sj, fiajd iemhqïlrejka úiska
kshduk wjYH;djkag wkql+,j is≥ lrkq ,nk
lghq;=j, jr®Okh m¯laId lrk ,°'
§,xldfma¶ (Lankapay) ikakïkduh hgf;a
fufyhjkq ,nk iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% wdY%s;
fiajd i|yd fmd≥ hdka;%Kh" (CAS) úoHq;a
wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh" (CEFTS)
iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% i|yd jQ yjq,a hdka;%Kh
(SAS) úl=Kqïj, f.ùï hka;% i|yd jQ fmd≥
8'21 ixLHd igyk

,xldla,shr® mqoa.,sl iud.u úiska fufyhjkq f.ùï moaO;s u.ska isÿ jQ .kqfokq
,nk YS% ,xld wka;r®nexl= f.ùï moaO;sh iqΩ 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
jákdlï iys; .kqfokq i|yd myiqlï i,ik f.ùï moaO;s m%udKh jákdlu
^Z000& ^re' ì,shk&
m%udKh jákdlu
^Z000& ^re' ì,shk&
w;r jegqma f.ùï is≥ ls¯u i|yd ckm%sh úYd, m˙udKfha f.ùï
l%ufõohla fõ' 2016 jifr® ° YS% ,xld wka;r® nexl= moaO;s
;;ald,Sk o< mshùï
f.ùï moaO;sh yryd is≥ l< iuia; .kqfokq moaO;sh 322 84,432 366 93,378
m%udKh fmr jr®Ih iu`. ii|k úg ishhg iqΩ m˙udKfha f.ùï
moaO;s
14'5 lska jr®Okh ù ñ,shk 26'6 olajd jeä jQ w;r" m%Odk fplam;a ksIaldYk
.kqfokqj, iuia; jákdlu ishhg 24'7 lska moaO;sh 49,326 8,434 51,996 9,601
Y%S ,xld wka;r®nexl=
jr®Okh ù remsh,a ì,shk 1"458 la olajd jeä úh' f.ùï moaO;sh ^SLIPS& 23,279 1,169 26,647 1,458
Kh ldâm;a 26,335 154 31,858 182
2013 wxl 1 ork f.ùï ldâm;a fiajd
yr ldâm;a 30,686 83 38,083 108
imhkakka iy cx.u ≥rl:k wdY%s; f.ùï l%u wka;r®cd, nexl= lghq;= 13,725 1,205 18,164 1,589
i|yd jQ ksfhda.fhys úêúOdkj,g wkqj f.ùï ≥rl:k nexl= lghq;= 1,993 12 3,444 16

8
ldâm;a iy cx.u ≥rl:k wdY%s; f.ùï l%u ;eme,a WmlrK 1,262 7 1,244 7
ms<sn| kshduk iy wëlaIK lghq;= YS% ,xld uy tl;=j 146,928 95,497 171,802 106,339
tlai;a ckmo fvd,r®
nexl=j úiska ;j≥rg;a is≥ lrk ,°' ta wkqj"
ksIaldYk moaO;sh 62 34 59 39
jir ;=< ° f.ùï ldâm;a ksl=;a lrkakka f,i ^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
lghq;= ls¯u i|yd uQ,H wdh;k follg o bka ^wd& ixfYdaê;

291
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
úfYaI igyk 13
f.ùï moaO;s kshdukfha§ Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ld¾hNdrh
f.ùï moaO;sh
2005 wxl 28 orK f.ùfï yd fíreï ls¯fï moaO;s
mkf;a wvx.= jk m˙† f.ùï moaO;sh hkq zzuqo,ska
f.ùu iy f.ùï ls¯fï .kqfokq udr®.fhka uqo,a
jákdlu mejreu i|yd myiqlï i,ik wdh;k
iy hdka;%K woyia jk w;r thg f.ùfï ne°ï
ksIaldYkh ls¯fï yd fíreï ls¯fï hdka;%Ko
we;=<;a fõ'ZZ uqo,a jákdlu mejreu idïm%odhslj
is≥ lrk ,oafoa uqo,a u.ska fyda fplam;a" Khjr ,sms
jeks f.ùï idOk m;% u.ska jk w;r" ;dlaIKfha
†hqKqj;a iuÛu nyq,j úoHq;a f.ùï l%ufõohka
Ndú;d fjñka ;sfí' fuu úfYaI igyk u.ska f.ùï
moaO;s iy tys kj m%jK;d wëlaIKh iy kshdukh
ms<sn|j Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska bgqlrk ldr®h
Ndrh úia;r lrkq ,nhs'
Yla;su;a f.ùï moaO;shl jeo.;alu
ñ, ia:dhs;djh iy uQ,H moaO;sfha ia:dhs;djh"
wdr®:ßl ixjr®Okh <Ûd lr .ekSug w;HdjYH
idOl fõ' wdr®:ßl yd ñ, ia:dhs;djh iy uQ,H
moaO;sfha ia:dhs;djh mj;ajd .ekSu Y%S ,xld uy
nexl=fõ m%Odk wruqKq fol fõ' uQ,H moaO;sfha
ia:dhs;djh mj;ajdf.k hEu hkafkka woyia
jkafka wdr®:ßl ixjr®Okh we;s lr .ekSu i|yd
uQ,H w;rue†lrejka yg iqug yd ldr®hlaIu
fj<|fmd< há;, myiqlï jHqyhla yryd .kqfokq
ls¯ug yelsjk m˙† ia:dhs uQ,H  moaO;shla we;s lr
.ekSuhs' uQ,H moaO;sfha ia:dhS;djh <.dlr .ekSug"
uQ,H wxYhg ;u ldr®hhka iqug f,i bgq lr .;
yels jk m˙† wju wjodkula iys; Yla;su;a f.ùï
moaO;shla ia:dmkh lr ;sìh hq;=h' f.ùï moaO;sfha
iyNd.slrejka tlsfkld yd iïnkaO ù we;s ksid"
tla iyNd.slrefjl= wjodkug ,la jQ úg wfkla
iyNd.slrejkao wjodkug ,lajkq we;' moaO;s
wj∞kula hkq moaO;s tla iyNd.slrefjl=f.ka fyda
iyNd.slrejka lsysmfofkl=f.ka moaO;shg we;sjk
whym;a l%shdj,Skaf.a fya;=fjka wdrïN ù ∞u
m%;sl%shdjla ;=,ska uqÆ moaO;sfhau ì`o jeàu f,i
ye`†kaúh yelsh' f.ùï moaO;sfha iyNd.slrejl=
8
úiska uqyqKfokq ,nk Kh fyda øjYS,;d .egΩjla
fya;=fldg f.k fuu odu m%;sl%shdj fma%rl
úh yels w;r fuh f.ùï moaO;sfha wfkl=;a
iyNd.slrejkago n,mEula we;s lrkq we;'
292
kshduk rduqj
÷ 1949 wxl 58 orK uqo,a kS;s mk; iy 2005
wxl 28 orK f.ùfï yd fíreï ls¯fï moaO;s
mk; hgf;a Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg furg f.ùï"
ksIaldYkh iy fíreï ls¯fï moaO;s wëlaIKh
iy kshdukh ls¯ug mQr®K n,h mej¯ we;'
2005 wxl 28 orK f.ùfï yd fíreï ls¯fï
moaO;s mk; hgf;a Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg"
§Y%S ,xldj i|yd f.ùï moaO;s m%;sm;a;shla
ilia ls¯ug" ms<s.ekSug" l%shd;aul ls¯ug iy
m%;sm;a;s iólaIKh ls¯ug" n,h mej¯ we;'
Bg wu;rj Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j §cd;sl f.ùï
moaO;shla i|yd ie,iqï ilia ls¯u i|yd j.lsj
hq;= n,Orhd¶ jk w;r §Y%S ,xldfõ f.ùfï"
ksIaldYkh ls¯fï iy fíreï ls¯fï l%u moaO;s
we;sls¯u iy ixjr®Okh ls¯ug u. fmkaùu yd
kdhl;ajh iemhSu ms<sn| j.lSu¶ o orhs' tu
mk; hgf;au Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg furg uQ,H
fiajd iemhqïlrejka wëlaIKh iy kshdukh
ls¯u i|yd jHjia:dms; wêld˙ n,h ,nd° we;'
÷ f.ùfï yd fíreï ls¯fï moaO;s mk; hgf;a
ksl=;a lr we;s 2013 wxl 01 orK f.ùï ldâm;a
iy cx.u ≥rl:k wdY%s; f.ùï moaO;s i|yd
jk ksfhda. u.ska Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j fj;
f.ùï ldâm;a iy cx.u ≥rl:k wdY%s; f.ùï
fiajd imhkakka wëlaIKhg iy kshdukhg
wêld˙h ,eî we;' fuu kshdukhka i|yd
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska t;eka m¯laIK iy
≥ria: m¯laIK is≥lrk w;r f.ùï ldâm;a
iy cx.u ≥rl:k wdY%s; f.ùï jHdmdr i|yd
ksfhda. ksl=;a ls¯u o is≥ lrhs' ta wkqj" 
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska f.ùï WmlrKhla
f,i f.ùï ldâm;aj, iqrlaIs;Ndjh
;yjqre ls¯u i|yd 2010 ° f.ùï ldâm;a
udr®f.damfoaY ksl=;a l< w;r" cx.u ≥rl:k
wdY%s; f.ùï fiajd Ndú;d lrk md˙fNda.slhkaf.a
yd tjeks fiajd imhkakkaf.a iqrlaIs;;dj
Wfoid 2011 ° Bg wod<  udr®f.damfoaY o ksl=;a
lrk ,†'
÷ Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j u.ska ksl=;a lrk ,o jHdmdr
wLKav;d ie,iqïlrK udr®f.damfoaYj,g wkqj
furg m%Odk f.ùï moaO;sj, iyNd.slrejka g
tu moaO;sj, Tfrd;a;= °fï yelshdj k.disgqùu
i|yd l,ska l,g jHdmdr wLKav;d ie,iqïlrK

wNHdi is≥ls¯u w;HdjYH fõ' f.ùï moaO;s
iyNd.slrefjl=f.a wdh;kfha m%d:ñl fufyhqï
ia:dkfha l%shdjkag ndOdjla we;sjk wjia:djl°
thg uqyqK °ug we;s fmr iQodku wëlaIKh
ls¯ug Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg t;eka m¯laIK
iy ≥ria: m¯laIK is≥ls¯ug wêld˙h we;' Bg
wu;rj iyNd.slrejkaf.a jHdmdr wLKav;d
ie,iqï l%shdldrlï iudf,dapkh ls¯u ;=<ska
tjeks ndOdùï fya;=fldgf.k we;sjk ffk;sl"
uQ,H yd moaO;suh wjodkï wju lr .ekSu o is≥
flfr®'
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ld¾hNdrh
kshduk lghq;= i|yd rgl uy nexl=j úiska cd;sl
uÜgfï m%;sm;a;s ilia ls¯u iy l%shd;aul ls¯u
is≥ lrhs' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska o iuia: uQ,H
moaO;sfha ia:djr;ajh mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd myiqlï
ie,iSug wu;rj" f.ùï moaO;sfha iqrlaIs;Ndjh"
ksrjoH;djh iy ldr®hlaIu;djh by< kexùug
iy f.ùï moaO;sh yd ne£ we;s wys;lr n,mEï
md,kh ls¯ug lghq;= lrkq ,nhs' f.ùï moaO;sh
;=< is≥úh yels wl%ñl;d wju ls¯u ;=<ska moaO;sfha
iqrlaIs;;dj ;yjqre ls¯u Wfoid Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
iqrlaIs; f.jqï l%ufõohka i|yd myiqlï i,ik
w;r f.ùï moaO;sfha iyNd.slrejka wka;r®cd;sl
m%ñ;s iy iy;sllrKj,g wkql+,j lghq;= ls¯ug
wfmalaId lrkq ,nhs' ;jo" moaO;sh i|yd kj m%ñ;Ska
y∫kajd°u ;=<ska mj;akd iïm;a jvd;a M,odhS f,i
l<ukdlrKh lr .ekSug yelshdjla ,efnkq we;'
Bg wu;rj f.ùï moaO;sfha iyNd.slrejl=f.a
l%shdjla fya;=fldgf.k uqΩ moaO;shu wjodkulg
,laùu je<elaùu ms◊i Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska
ishΩu iyNd.slrejkaf.a f.ùï iy mshùï lghq;=
wëlaIKh lrkq ,nhs' tuksid" moaO;sh ms<sn|
iyNd.slrejkaf.a úYajdih by< kexfjkq we;'
rgl ishΩu uQ,H l%shdldrlï f.ùï moaO;sh u;
r|d mj;sk neúka tu moaO;sfha iqrlaIs;Ndjh
iy ldr®hlaIu;djh ;yjqre ls¯u w;HjYH fõ'
tuksid" f.ùï moaO;sfha iqug l%shdld˙;ajh iy;sl
ls¯u i|yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska kj ksmehqï
†˙ .ekaùu is≥ls¯u;a" m%udKj;a ;rï wdrlaIs; wx.
wvx.= kj ;dlaIKh f.ùï iy mshùï moaO;Skag
y∫kajd °u;a is≥ lrkq ,nhs'
fj<|fmdf,ys f.ùï ls¯u iïnkaO fiajdjka
.Kkdjla mj;sk w;r tu fiajdjka wfkHdakH
f,i tlsfklg iïnkaOj fkd;sìh yelsh' tfia
wfkHdakH f,i iïnkaO ù fkdue;s jk úg f.ùï
moaO;sh LKavkSlrKhg;a" tu.ska ,nd.;yels
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdld¯;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj
m%fhdack wvqùug;a bv we;' f.ùï moaO;s M,odhS f,i
Wmfhdackhg ,lalr .ekSu i|yd m%Odk jYfhka
moaO;sfha wdrlaIdjg is≥jk n,mEï wju ls¯ug iy
uyck;djg is≥jk wmyiq;djhka u. yrjd .ekSug
rfÜ uQ,H moaO;s kshduk wêld˙h úiska f.ùï moaO;s
wLKavj wëlaIKh ls¯u w;HdjYH fõ' fuu wruqKq
bgq lr .ekSug Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j f.ùï moaO;shg
iy moaO;sfha ia:dhs;djhg we;súh yels wys;lr
n,mEï y∫kd.ekSu i|yd we.hSï is≥lrkq ,nhs'
f.ùï moaO;sfha iyNd.slrejka úiska Tjqkaf.a
fiajdodhlhka fj; ,ndfok fiajdjka i|yd whlr
.; yels Wm˙u .dia;=j kshdukh ls¯u jeo.;a fõ'
tuksid" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j f.ùï fiajdjka m%jr®Okh
ls¯fï iy lafIa;%fha kj ;dlaI◊l Ndú;hkaf.a
m%;s,dNhka fiajdodhlhka fj; ,nd°fï wruq◊ka
j˙ka jr Wm˙u .dia;= iSudjka kej; we.hSu is≥
lrkq ,nhs'
bÈß ±lau
fuu úfYaI igyfka úia;r lrk ,o mk;aj,g
wkql+,j Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg f.ùï" ksIaldYkh
iy mshùï fiajdjka kshdukh iy wëlaIKh
ls¯fï mQr®K  n,;, mjrd ° we;' jr®;udkfha
mj;sk iy wkd.;fha t,soelafjk f.ùï moaO;s
j, ia:dhs;djh iy iqrlaIs;Ndjh oekg l%shd;aul
jk f.ùfï yd fíreï ls¯fï moaO;s mk; iy
ksfhda. ;=<ska wdjrKh jk nj fuys° úfYaIfhka
i|yka l< hq;= fõ' ;jo Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska
iyNd.slrejkaf.a ldr®h idOkh ksr;=reju
wëlaIKhg ,la lrk w;r tfia lrkq ,nkafka
Tjqka Kh" øjYS,;dj" lSr®;skduh iy ffk;sl jeks
wjodkï fya;=fjka we;sjk wia:djrNdjhla lrd
.uka .kafkao hkak l,a;nd y∫kd.ekSu i|ydh'
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska msysgqjd we;s kshduk rduqj
Tiafia tjeks wia:djrNdjhka u.yrjd .ekSug
lghq;= fhdok w;r tu.ska iuia: uQ,H moaO;sfha
ia:dhs;djh we;slr .ekSu yryd uyck;djf.a
iqrCIs;;djh ;yjqre ls¯u is≥lrkq we;' ta wkqj
ia:djr uQ,H moaO;shla ;=<ska rfÜ wdr®:ßl jr®Okh
;yjqre lr .ekSu i`oyd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska
úYajdikSh Ndjhlska hq;a f.ùï moaO;shla ;j≥rg;a
mj;ajdf.k hkq we;'
uQ,hka(
1949 wxl 58 orK uqo,a kS;s mk;" YS% ,xldj
8
2005 wxl 28 orK f.ùï yd fíreï ls¯fï moaO;s mk;" YS% ,xldj
2013 wxl 01 orK f.ùï ldâm;a iy cx.u ≥rl:k wdYs%; f.ùï moaO;s
i|yd jk ksfhda." YS% ,xldj
jHdmdr wLKav;d ie,iqïlrK udr®f.damfoaY wxl( 01$2006
Payment systems in Sri Lanka, 2004, Bank for International Settlements
293
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
hdka;%Kh (POS) iy cx.u ≥rl:k (Cmobs) wdY%s;
f.ùï i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh hk cd,hkaf.ka
iukaú; jQ f.ùï ldâm;a iy wfkl=;a f.ùï
i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh (CCAPS) ia:dmkh ls¯u
i|yd 2016 jifr® ° uy nexl=j úiska ,xldla,shr®
mqoa.,sl iud.u fj; myiqlï i,ik ,°'
ta wkqj" uy nexl=j úiska uQ,H wdh;k" iajhxl%Sh
fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; fiajd i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh
iy úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh
iïnkaO ùfï m%.;sh wëlaIKh lrk ,°' f.ùï
iy mshùï há;, myiqlïj, ikaêia:dkhla
jk f.ùï ldâm;a iy wfkl=;a f.ùï i|yd jQ
fmd≥ hdka;%Kh" rg ;=< iqΩ m˙udK úoHq;a f.ùï
moaO;s i|yd is≥jk .kqfokq yqjudre ls¯u iy
ksIaldYKh i|yd uqΩ rgu wdjrKh jk fmd≥
fõ†ldjla imhhs'
ldâm;a iy wfkl=;a f.ùï i|yd jQ fmd≥
hdka;%Kfhys m<uq w†hr jk iajhxl%Sh fg,r®
hka;% wdY%s; fiajd i|yd fmd≥ hdka;%Kfhys
i„ù fufyhqï lghq;= 2013 jifr® cQ,s udifha
° wdrïN lrk ,°' 2016 jifr® ° uQ,H wdh;k
11 la iajhxlS%h fg,r® hka;% wdY%s; fiajd i|yd
fmd≥ hdka;%Kh iu`. iïnkaO jQ w;r ta wkqj"
tys uqΩ idud‚l wdh;k ixLHdj 23 olajd jeä
úh' jir ;=< °" fuu hdka;%Kh yryd remsh,a
ì,shk 174'1 la jákd .kqfokq ñ,shk 31'3 la
is≥ lrk ,°' 2016 foieïnr® ui 31 †k jk úg
iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% 3"820 la iajhxl%Sh fg,r®
hka;% wdY%s; fiajd i|yd fmd≥ hdka;%Kh iu`.
taldnoaO jQ w;r tu.ska ldâm;a ysñhka iajhxl%Sh
fg,r®hka;% wdY%s; fiajd i|yd fmd≥ hdka;%Kfhys
idud‚l wdh;k j, iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% u.ska
uqo,a wdmiq .ekSug;a fYaIh ms˙laiSug;a myiqlï
i,ik ,°'
ldâm;a iy wfkl=;a f.ùï i|yd jQ fmd≥
hdka;%Kfhys fojk w†hr jQ úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u
i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh 2015 jifr® wf.daia;= 21
†k wdrïN lrk ,°' wdrïNfha ° úoHq;a wruqo,a
mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh úiska iajhxlS%h
fg,r® hka;%" wka;r®cd, nexl= fiajd" cx.u
≥rl:k wdY%s; nexl= fiajd iy nexl= ljqΩj yryd
hk nyqúO f.ùï udOHhka u.ska is≥lrk ner
8
mej¯ï (Credit Transfers) .kqfokq yqjudrej iy
ksIaldYkh i|yd fmd≥ há;, myiqlula i,ik
,°' 2016 jifr® ° úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ
fmd≥ hdka;%Kh u.ska i,ikq ,nk fiajdjka ;j
≥rg;a mqΩ,a ls¯u i|yd Rcq yr mej¯ï (Direct
294
Debit) myiqlu ,ndfok ,°' 2016 jifr® ° uQ,H
wdh;k oy;=kla úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ
fmd≥ hdka;%Kh iu`. iïnkaO jQ w;r ta wkqj tys
idud‚l wdh;k ixLHdj 22 olajd jeä úh' 2016
jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 69'4 l jákdlñka hq;=
.kqfokq 894"674 la úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ
fmd≥ hdka;%Kh u.ska is≥ úh' ,xldla,shr® mqoa.,sl
iud.u úiska úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥
hdka;%Kfhys we;s Rcq yr mejreï myiqlu
Ndú;d lrñka §ciaÜfma¶ (Justpay) hk ikakï
kduh hgf;a iqΩ m˙udK jákdlulska hq;= uqo,a
u; mokï jQ .kqfokq i|yd f.ùï l%ufõohla
ls%hd;aul lrk ,°' fuhg wu;rj" YS% ,xld uy
nexl=j úiska úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥
hdka;%Kh u.ska YS% ,xld fr®.=j fj; is≥ lrk
f.ùï ;;ald,Skj is≥ ls¯u i|yd ;;ald,Sk f.ùï
l%ufõohla y∫kajd °ug ,xldla,shr® ^mqoa.,sl&
iud.u fj; wjir ,nd fok ,°'
uQ,H wdh;k úiska ;u .kqfokqlrejkag
f.ùï myiqlï ie,iSu i|yd kj ;dlaIKh
fhd∞ .ekSfï ° we;s jk wj∞kï wju ls¯u
i|yd YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ;u kshduk rduqj
jvd Yla;su;a ls¯u ;j≥rg;a is≥ lrk ,°' fuhg
wu;rj" .kqfokqlrejkaf.a f;dr;=re wdrlaId
ls¯ug;a uQ,Huh .kqfokq iqrlaIs; ls¯u;a i|yd
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska f.ùï wdY%s; cx.u
uD≥ldx. wh≥ï (Mobile Applications) ls%hd;aul
lrkq ,nk uQ,H wdh;k fj; m%ñ;Ska iE°u
wdrïN lrk ,°' 2016 jifr® ° cd;sl f.ùï
ljqkais,h úiska ;u idud‚lhska iy wfkl=;a"
w∞< mdr®Yaj úiska b†˙m;a lrk ,o fhdackd
we;=<;a lr zf.ùï moaO;s fmr±lau 2016 - 2020Z
iE°fï lghq;= wjika lrk ,°'
Kh f;dr;=re
idud‚l Kh ,nd fok wdh;k fukau Kh
.ekqïlrejkaf.a b,a,Su u; Kh f;dr;=re iemhSu
yryd uQ,H wxYfha Yla;su;aNdjh iy rfÜ uQ,H
wka;r®.;Ndjh jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd Kh f;dr;=re
ldr®hdxYh úiska 2016 jifr® ° o wLKavj l%shdlrk
,°' Kh f;dr;=re l<ukdlrK moaO;shg wu;rj
uQ,H wdh;kj,g ±kqïj;a jHdmd˙l ;SrK .ekSu
myiq ls¯u i|yd pxp, foam<j, mQr®j whs;Ska
ms<sn| úia;r iemhSfï wruq◊ka pxp, foam<j,
whs;Ska f,aLk.; ls¯u i|yd o;a; .nvdjla
f,i iqrlaIs; .kqfokq f,aLk moaO;shla Kh

úfYaI igyk 14
uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu iy ;%ia;jdohg uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùu i|yd jQ cd;Hka;r
m%ñ;Ska ms<sn|j Y%S ,xldfõ wkql+,;djh
uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu iy ;%ia;jdohg uqo,a
iemhSu uevmeje;aùug wod, uQ,H ld¾h idOl n,ldfha
ks¾foaY
1989 jifr® ° G-7 rgj,a tlaù wka;r® rdcH wdh;khla
f,i msysgqjk ,o uQ,H ldr®h idOl n,ldh uqo,a
úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu" ;%ia;jdohg uqo,a iemhSu
uevmeje;aùu iy iuQ, >d;l wú uQ,Hkh ls¯u
je<elaùu fjkqfjka jQ cd;Hka;r iïuq;Ska /ila
1990 jifr® isg y`≥kajd ° we;' 2012 jifr® ° fuu
cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Ska ld,dkqrEmSj wod, lr.ekSu i|yd
ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°' foaYSh uQ,H moaO;sh wmrdO
l%shd i|yd fhdod.ekSug we;s wjodku wju ls¯ug
iy f.da,Sh uQ,H moaO;sh iu`. myiqfjka iïnkaO;d
f.dvke.Su Wfoid f,dalfha iEu rglau fuu
cd;Hka;r iïuq;Ska wkq.ukh ls¯u w;HjYH fõ'
uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh yd ;%ia;jdohg uqo,a iemhSu
je<elaùfï cd;Hka;r m%ñ;sj,g wkql+,;dj oelaùfï
jeo.;alu
uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu iy ;%ia;jdohg uqo,a
iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï hdka;%Kh ≥r®j, ùu ;=<ska
uQ,H wdh;kj, iy uQ,H moaO;sfha Yla;su;aNdjh
yd ia:djrNdjh wvmKjk w;r úfoaY wdfhdack
wffOr®hu;aùu;a wka;r®cd;sl jYfhka is≥jk
m%d.aOk yqjudreùï widudkH f,i fjkiaùu;a
is≥fõ' wfkla w;g Yla;su;a uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh
je<elaùfï yd ;%ia;jdohg uqo,a iemhSu
uevmeje;aùfï hdka;%Khla ;=<ska rglg úúOdldrfha
m%;s,dN /ila w;alr.; yel'
1' uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh iy ;%ia;jdohg uqo,a iemhSu
ms<sn|j by< wjodkula iys; rgj,aj, ia:dms;
wdh;k iy .kqfokqlrejka iu`. jHdmd˙l fyda
fj<|fmd< in|;d we;slr .ekSug cd;Hka;r
m%ñ;s wkq.ukh lrk uQ,H wdh;k ue,slula
olajhs' ta wkqj" rg ;=< Yla;su;a iy ldr®hlaIu
uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùfï iy ;%ia;jdohg
uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï hdka;%Khla mj;sk
úg uQ,H wdh;kj,g ;u úfoaYSh yjq,alrejka
iu`. mj;sk iïnkaO;djka mq`M,a lr.ekSfï
yelshdj we;s fõ'
2' rgla jYfhka fyda wdh;k jYfhka jvd;a †hqKq
uQ,H uOHia:dk iu`. in|;d f.dvk.d .ekSug
yelsùu ;=<ska úfoaYSh wdfhdack wdlr®IKh lr
.ekSug;a f.da,Sh f.ùï$mshùï moaO;shg jvd;a
il%Shj iïnkaO ùug;a wjia:dj ysñfõ'
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdld¯;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj
3' M,odhS uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùfï iy
;%ia;jdohg uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï
md,khla uQ,Huh úksúoNdjh iy kS;sfha
wdêm;H Yla;su;a ls¯ug Wmld¯ jk ffk;sl"
kshduk yd wdh;ksl rduqjla rg ;=< ia:dmkh
ls¯ug bjy,a jkq we;' Bg wu;rj Yla;su;a
iy ukd uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùfï iy
;%ia;jdohg uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï
hdka;%Khla" wmrdO iy ¥IK l%shdj,g tfrysj
lghq;= ls¯fï mq`M,a m%h;akfha fldgila f,i
ie,lsh yel'
4' .kqfokqlre ms<sn|j iqm¯laIdld¯ùu" uQ,H
.kqfokqjl m%;s,dNS whs;slrejka y`≥kd.ekSu"
iellghq;= .kqfokq jdr®;d ls¯u wd° jQ M,odhS
uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùfï l%shdudr®.
l%shd;aul ls¯u ;=<ska uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh hg;g
.efkk kS;súfrdaë l%shdjla jk n≥ meyer ye¯u
wju lr.ekSug o yelshdj ,efí'
uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh yd ;%ia;jdohg uqo,a iemhSu
je<elaùfï cd;Hka;r m%ñ;sj,g wkql+,;djh oelaùu
uek ne,Su
uQ,H ldr®h idOl n,ldh úiska ;u idud‚lhka
cd;Hka;r m%ñ;sj,g wkql+,;djh oelaùu
iudf,dapkh ls¯u i|yd ksrka;rfhka we.hSï
is≥lrkq ,efí' jr®;udkfha fujeks jQ we.hSï uQ,H
ldr®h idOl n,ldhg iu.dój msysgqjd we;s l,dmSh
ks¯laIK ixúOdk úiska is≥ flfr®' fï jkúg uQ,H
ldr®h idOl n,ldhg iu.dój l%shd;aul jk l,dmSh
ks¯laIK ixúOdk kjhla u.ska ta ta l,dmhg wod,
idud‚l rgj, we.hSï is≥lrkq ,nk w;r fujeks
wfkl=;a idud‚lhka úiska lrk we.hSï wfkHdkH
we.hSï f,i y∫kajkq ,efí'
uQ,H ldr®h idOl n,ldh úiska y∫kajd fok ,o
ksr®foaYhka 2012 jifr® ° ixfYdaOkh l< w;r
wfkHdkH we.hSfï l%ufõoh o ixfYdaOkhkag
,lalrk ,°' ta wkqj" uQ,H ldr®h idOl n,ldh
2013 jifr® y∫kajd fokq ,enQ wfkHdkH we.hSfï
l%ufõoh m%Odk fldgia follska iukaú; fõ'
1' ;dlaI◊l wkql+,;dj( rg ;=< mj;sk ffk;sl
8
iy wdh;ksl rduqfjys wod,;ajh iy uQ,H ldr®h
idOl n,ldfha ksr®foaYhka 40 iu`. wkql+,
ùu i|yd ksis n,Orhka i;= n,;, iy wod,
l%shdmámdákays ;;a;ajh we.hSu'
295
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016
2' iM,odhS;ajh( wfmalaIs; m%;sM, ,nd.ekSu i|yd
ffk;sl yd wdh;ksl rduqjg we;s yelshdfõ
m%udKh we.hSuls' iM,odhS;aj we.hSu uQ,H
ldr®h idOl n,ldfha we.hSï l%ufõofha
oelafjk m%;sM, 11la u; mokï fõ'
Y%S ,xldfõ uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh yd ;%ia;jdohg uqo,a
iemhSu je<elaùfï wkql+,;d uÜgu
Y%S ,xldj 1997 jifr® ia:dmkh lrk ,o" wdishd iy
Ydka;slr l,dmhg wh;a uQ,H ldr®h idOl n,ldhg
iu.dój msysgqjd we;s l,dmSh ks¯laIK ixúOdkh
jk" uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| wdishd Ydka;slr
l,dmSh lKavdhfï wdrïNl idud‚lfhls' uqo,a
úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| wdishd Ydka;slr l,dmSh
lKavdhfï ¯;sj,g wkqj Y%S ,xldj iEu jir yhlg
jrla tu lKavdhu úiska is≥lrkq ,nk wfkHdkH
we.hSulg uqyqK °ug ne£ isà'
Y%S ,xld uQ,H nqoaê tallh msysgqùu;a iu`.u uqo,a
úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| wdishd Ydka;slr l,dmSh
lKavdhu Y%S ,xldj ms<sn| ish m<uq we.hSu 2006
jifr®®° is≥lrk ,°' tu wfkHdkH we.hSï jdr®;dj
u.ska y∫kd.;a wvqmdvq ksjer† ls¯u i|yd ksr®foaY
ud,djla b†˙m;a lrk ,o w;r wK mk;a ixfYdaOkh
ls¯u iy tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wdrlaIl uKav, fhdackd
l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd wjYH fr.=,dis ilia ls¯u
jeks ksr®foaYhkao Bg we;=<;a úh' 2013 jir jk
úg m<uq wfkHdkH we.hSï jdr®;dfõ ksr®foaYhka
iïmQr®Kfhkau l%shd;aul ls¯ug Y%S ,xldj iu;a úh'
Y%S ,xldj iïnkaOfhka jQ fojk wfkHdkH we.hSu
TiafÜ%,shdj" N+;dkh" fydxfldx" u,hdishdj"
isx.mamQrej hk rgj, uQ,H nqoaê tallhkays yd
uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| wdishd Ydka;slr l,dmSh
lKavdhfï f,alï ldr®hd,fhys ksfhdackh iys;
wëlaIK lKavdhula úiska 2014$2015 w;r ld,fha°
is≥lrk ,°' fuu wfkHdkH we.hSï jdr®;dj 2015
cQ,s ui kjiS,ka;fha Tla,kaâys° mej;s uqo,a
úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| wdishd Ydka;slr l,dmSh
lKavdhfï 18 jk jdr®Isl iuq`Mj iy ;dlaI◊l
iyfhda.S;d ieisfha° iïu; lr.kakd ,°'
Y%S ,xldfõ ;dlaI◊l wkql+,;djh" ksr®foaY 40 w;˙ka
ksr®foaY 12 la wkql+, fyda fndfyda≥rg wkql+, f,i
jr®.SlrKh lrk ,o w;r iM,odhS uÜgu we.hSfï°
m%;sM, 11 ka 2 la fndfyda≥rg iM,odhS yd idudkH
uÜgug iM,odhS f,i jr®.SlrKh lr we;'
8
wkql+,;d uÜgu by< oeóu i|yd f.k we;s m%Odk
l%shdud¾.
wfkHdkH we.hSï jdr®;dfõ olajd we;s wvqmdvq j,g
m%;spdr f,i uQ,H ldr®h idOl n,ldfha ksr®foaYj,g
296
wkql+,;djh jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd Y%S ,xld uQ,H nqoaê
tallh wfkl=;a wod, mdr®Yjlrejka iu`. tlaj
l%uj;a iy Yla;su;a mshjr rdYshla l%shd;aul lrk
,°'
1' uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùfï iy ;%ia;jdohg
uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh
2015-2020" leìkÜ wkque;sh iys;j iïu;
ls¯u'
2' tla tla mdr®Yjlrejka úiska l%shd;aul l<hq;=
wdh;ksluh l%shdld¯ ie,eiau leìkÜ wkque;sh
iys;j y∫kajd °u'
3' 2016 wxl 1 ork .kqfokqlre ms<sn|j
iqm¯laIdld¯ùfï ¯;s 2016 ckjd˙ 27 †k ksl=;a
ls¯u' fuu ¯;s 2006 wxl 6 ork uqo,a .kqfokq
jdr®;d ls¯fï mkf;a olajd we;s uQ,H lghq;=
j, fhfok ishÆu wdh;k wdjrKh jk f,i
y∫kajd ° we;'
4' uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu iy ;%ia;jd°kag
uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùu i|yd jk wjodku
u; mokï jQ kshdukhka y∫kajd °u'
5' uQ,H jákdlï yqjudrels¯fï fiajdjka imhk
wdh;k fj; uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu iy
;%ia;jdohg uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï Wmfoia
ud,djla ksl=;a ls¯u'
6' kS;sm;s fomdr®;fïka;=fõ iy wmrdO m¯laIK
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh iïnkaO
kvq mej¯fï iy úur®Yk meje;aùfï yelshdjka
jeä †hqKq ls¯u'
7' úur®Yk i|yd myiqlï ie,iSug wjYH nqoaêuh
f;dr;=re yqjudrelr .ekSfï wruq◊ka foaYSh
wdh;k iy úfoaYSh uQ,H nqoaê tallhka iu`.
wjfndaO;d .súiqï w;aika ls¯u'
Y%S ,xldj ms<sn| wfkHdkH we.hSï jdr®;dj 2015
jifr®®° iïu; lr.ekSfuka wk;=rej zläkï iy
mq`M,a miqúmrï l%shdj,shZ hgf;a Y%S ,xldj ,nd we;s
m%.;sh uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| wdishd Ydka;slr
l,dmSh lKavdhug wr®O jdr®Islj jdr®;d l< hq;=
úh' ta wkqj" m<uqjk m%.;s jdr®;dj 2016 ckjd˙ ui
,ndfok ,°'
2016 iema;eïnr® ui weu˙ld tlai;a ckmofha
ieka†hdf.da ys mej;s uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| wdishd
Ydka;slr l,dmSh lKavdhfï jdr®Isl iuq`Mfõ°
Y%S ,xldj b†˙m;a lrk ,o m%.;s jdr®;dj idud‚lhka
ishÆfokd úiska idlÉPdjg n∫ka lrk ,°'
Y%S ,xldj úiska uq,a wjia:dfõ° wr®O jYfhka
wkql+, jQ iy wkql+, fkdjQ ksr®foaY 9 la ms<sn|j jQ

;dlaI◊l wkql+,;djh ie,lsh hq;= uÜgfï m%.;shla
w;alrf.k we;s nj jdr®Isl iuq`Mfõ° ;SrKh úh'
ta wkqj" uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu iy ;%ia;jdohg
uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùu ms<sn| jQ Y%S ,xldfõ
wkql+,;d uÜgu my; oelafjk m˙† jr®Okh ù we;'
ixLHd igyk ú'i' 14'1
kej; j¾.SlrKfhka miq ;dlaI◊‚l wkql+,;djh
wkql+,;d uÜgu we.hSï jdr®;dj 2016 ckjd˙ m%.;s
2015 jifr®®° iïu; jdr®;dfjka miq
ls¯fuka miq kej; jr®.SlrKh
wkql+, jQ 5 5
fndfyda≥rg wkql+, jQ 7 16
;rula ≥rg wkql+, jQ 16 13
wkql+, fkdjQ 12 6
fï jk úg Y%S ,xldj zmq`M,a miqúmrï l%shdj,shgZ
hg;ajk w;r ta wkqj wfkHdkH we.hSï jdr®;dfõ
f;dr;=re ldr®hdxYh úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,efí'
Kh fj<|fmd<ys Kh f;dr;=re ldr®hdxYfha
ldr®hNdrh ms<sn|j ±kqïj;a ls¯ug iy wj∞kï
l<ukdlrKh i|yd Kh jdr®;dj, úplaIKYS,S
wr®: ±laùu myiq ls¯u i|yd Kh f;dr;=re
ldr®hdxYh úiska Kh fok wdh;kj, Kh
ks,Od¯ka iy wfkl=;a fiajl uKav,h fukau
uyck;dj i|yd ±kqïj;a ls¯fï iy wOHdmksl
jevigyka wLKavj l%shd;aul lrk ,°'
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdld¯;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj
ksr®foaY l%shd;aul ls¯fï m%.;sh uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh
ms<sn| wdishd Ydka;slr l,dmSh lKavdhug jdr®Islj
jdr®;d ls¯u wjYH fõ'
flfiafj;;a" ;rula ≥rg wkql+, jQ iy wkql+, fkdjQ
ksr®foaY 19 la ;j≥rg;a mej;Su fya;=fjka Y%S ,xldj
;dlaI◊l wkql+,;dj ms<sn|j ;ju;a by< uÜgulg
,`.d ù fkdue;' ;jo" uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu
iy ;%ia;jdohg uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï Y%S
,xldfõ wkql+,;djh uQ,H ldr®h idOl n,ldh
úiska wfmalaIs; iM,odhS uÜgïj,g ,`.d lr .ekSu
i|yd ishÆ mdr®Yjlrejka úiska wfkHdkH we.hSï
jdr®;dfõ ksr®foaY l%shd;aul ls¯u;a leìkÜ uKav,h
iïu; lr we;s wdh;ksluh l%shdld¯ ie,eiau
l%shd;aul ls¯u;a w;HjYH jkq we;'
2016 jir ;=< °" iud.ï iy fm!oa.,sl
Khlrejka ms<sn| jdr®;d 7"948"967 la ksl=;a
l< w;r fuu w.h 2015 jifr® ksl=;a lrk ,o
Kh jdr®;d 6"890"270 iuÛ iei£fï ° ishhg
15'4 l jeäùuls' fuu.ska wdr®:ßlfha is≥ jQ Kh
wdY%s; l%shdldrlïj, jr®Okh úoyd olajk ,°'
2016 jir wjidkhg Kh f;dr;=re ldr®hdxYh
i;=j Kh jdr®;d lrk idud‚l wdh;k 87 la
mej;=◊'
8
297
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

8
298
 m%Odk wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;suh fjkiaùï iy ls%hdudr®. ( 2016

úfYaI igyk 15
m%Odk wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;suh fjkiaùï iy l%shdud¾.( 20161

uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh
2016 ckjd˙ 16 - n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=j, ishÆ remsh,a ;ekam;= j.lSï i|yd w∞< jk jHjia:dms;
ixÑ; wkqmd;h ishhg 6'00 isg ishhg 7'50 olajd m%;sY;dxl 1'50 lska jeä lrk ,°'
2016 fmnrjd˙ 19 - ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd;slh iy ks;H Kh myiqlï wkqmd;slh" ms<sfj<ska"
ishhg 6'50 iy ishhg 8'00 olajd mokï wxl 50 lska jeä lrk ,°'
2016 cQ,s 28 - ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd;slh iy ks;H Kh myiqlï wkqmd;slh" ms<sfj<ska"
ishhg 7'00 iy ishhg 8'50 olajd mokï wxl 50 lska jeä lrk ,°'
2017 udr®;= 24 - ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd;slh iy ks;H Kh myiqlï wkqmd;slh" ms<sfj<ska"
ishhg 7'25 iy ishhg 8'75 olajd mokï wxl 25 lska jeä lrk ,°'
uQ,H wxYh
n,m;%,dNS nexl=
2016 ckjd˙ 25 - ihsnr® wdrlaIK is≥ùï ms<sn|j ks¯laIKh ls¯fï wruq◊ka" nexl=j, is≥jk tjeks
is≥ùï ms<sn| f;dr;=re tu is≥ùï y∫kd .ekSfuka tla jev lrk †khla we;=<; iy
ldr®;=jla wjika ù †k 15 la we;=<; Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ nexl= wëlaIK wOHlaIl
fj; ±kqï fok f,i ishÆu n,m;%,dNS nexl= fj; ±kqï fok ,°'
2016 fmnrjd˙ 01 - moaO;suh jeo.;alula we;s f.ùï moaO;s yryd is≥ lrk wruqo,a mej¯ï i|yd
.kqfokqlrejkaf.ka wh lrk .dia;= 2016 fmnrjd˙ 10 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙†
ishÆu nexl= YdLdj, m%or®Ykh lrk f,i iy ;u fjí wvúj, m< lrk f,i ishÆu
n,m;%,dNS nexl=j,g kshu lrk ,°'
2016 iema;eïnr® 01 - 2016 iema;eïnr® 15 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† n,m;%,dNS nexl= úiska wfkl=;a nexl= iy
m%d:ñl fj<∫ka iu`. is≥ lrk ishÆu ia:ßr mokula u; jQ .kqfokq i|yd Y%S ,xldjg
w∞< jk í¨ïnr®.a .kqfokq moaO;sh fhd∞ .; hq;= nj iy remsh,a ñ,shk 50 blaujk
ia:ßr moku u; jQ w;amsg .kqfokqj, M,∞ wkqmd;sl iy .kqfokq m˙udjka tu .kqfokq
wjidk ù úkdä 30 la we;=<; jdr®;d l< hq;= nj i|yka lrñka pl%f,aLhla ksl=;a
lrk ,°'
2016 foieïnr® 29 - 2017 cQ,s ui 01 jk †k isg ishÆu n,m;%,dNS nexl= úiska ta ta nexl=j, wj∞ku u;
nr ;nk ,o j;alï m%udKhkag wkql+, wju m%d.aOk wkqmd;hka iy iajdrlaIlhka
mj;ajdf.k hdu ms<sn|j nexl= mk; hgf;a 2016 wxl 01 ork úOdkh ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2017 ckjd˙ 10 - n,m;%,dNS nexl= i|yd jk zndi,a ˚˚˚ f;da,k wkqmd; rduqj ms<sn| WmfoaYk m;%sldjZ
ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2017 ckjd˙ 13 - 2017 ckjd˙ 16 jk †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† fudagr® jdyk ñ,° .ekSfï fyda Ndú;d
ls¯fï wruqKq i|yd n,m;%,dNS nexl= úiska m%∞kh lrkq ,nk Kh myiqlï fjkqfjka
Wm˙u jákdlu u; Kh wkqmd;hka wkq.ukh lrk f,i nexl= mk; hgf;a 2017
wxl 01 ork úOdkh ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2017 fmnrjd˙ 01 - 2017 whjeh u.ska wkqu; lrk ,o my; ±lafjk lreKq ms<sn|j cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh
±kqï foñka n,m;%,dNS nexl= fj; pl%f,aLhla ksl=;a lrk ,°'
- iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK jHdmdr wdh;k" wmkhk lghq;=" ixpdrl lghq;=" lDIslr®udka;h"
;reK iy ldka;d wd° y∫kd .;a wxYhka fj; Kh myiqlï iemhSu
- nexl= fiajdjka jeä†hqKq ls¯u
wfmalaIs; - n,m;%,dNS nexl= i|yd f;da,k wkqmd;h y∫kajd °u
- n,m;%,dNS nexl= i|yd Y=oaO ia:djr wruqo,a wkqmd;h y∫kajd °u
- nexl= m¯laIK l%ufõoh jeä†hqKq ls¯u

1 2016 jir ;=< ° fukau 2017 jifr® m<uq udi ;=k ;=< ° l%shd;aul lrk ,o m%Odk wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;suh fjkiaùï iy l%shdudr®. kq≥re wkd.;fha ° l%shd;aul ls¯ug
wfmalaIs; m%;m
s ;a;suh l%shdudr®. o fuhg we;=<;a fõ'

299
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï

2016 ckjd˙ 18 - n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ïj, kj YdLdjka yd
iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% újD; ls¯u" YdLdjka yd fjk;a jHdmdr tall jeiSu yd ia:dk
fjkia ls¯u iïnkaOfhka ±kg mj;sk m%;sm;a;s iy l%shdudr®. Yla;su;a yd úêu;a
ls¯u i|yd úOdk ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2016 Tlaf;danr® 28 - n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï úiska ;ekam;= iy Kh idOk m;% i|yd ,nd †h yels Wm˙u
fmd,S wkqmd;sl iïnkaO úOdkh ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°'
2017 ckjd˙ 13 - 2017 jr®Ih i|yd jk whjeh fhdackdj wkqj hñka" n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï$ úfYaIs;
l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï fj; ksl=;a lr ;snQ fudagr® jdyk fjkqfjka Kh myiqlï
,nd °fï ° tajdfha jákdlï u; ,nd fok Kh wkqmd;h iïnkaO úOdk ixfYdaOkh
lrk ,°'
2017 fmnrjd˙ 23 - n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï mj;ajd .; hq;= wju uQ,sl m%d.aOkh l%ufhka jeä ls¯u i|yd
úOdkhla ksl=;a lrk ,°'
rlaIKh
2016 ckjd˙ 01 - Y%S ,xld rlaIK uKav,h úiska kqnqkaj;a wdka;sl kS;s ^wj∞ku mokïj .Kkh l<
m%d.aOkh& ishÆu rlaIK iud.ï fj; ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2016 ckjd˙ 04 - fldgia ysñld˙;ajfhys ishhg 50 lg jvd jeä ysñlu iy md,k wêld˙;ajh iïnkaO
fjkil ° Y%S ,xld rlaIK uKav,fha wkque;sh ,nd .ekSug ksfhda. lrñka rlaIK
lr®udka;h úêu;a ls¯fï mkf;ys 96A j.ka;sh hgf;a Y%S ,xld rlaIK uKav,h úiska
ishÆu rlaIK iud.ï iy rlaIK ;e/õldr iud.ï fj; úOdkhla ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2016 udr®;= 15 - Y%S ,xld rlaIK uKav,h úiska rlaIK Tmamqj Ndr .ekSu i|yd rlaIs;hd fj; ,nd °
;snQ Wm˙u ld,h †k 7 isg †k 14 olajd jeä lrk ,°'
2016 wfm%a,a 01 - rlaIK Tmamq ysñhkag rlaIK Tmamqfjys kshuhka iy fldkafoais m¯laId ls¯ug †k 21 l
i,ld ne,Sfï ld,hla$ksoyia ms˙laiqï ld,hla ,nd fok f,i rlaIK lr®udka;h
úêu;a ls¯fï mkf;a 96A j.ka;sh hgf;a Y%S ,xld rlaIK uKav,h úiska ishÆu
†.=ld,Sk rlaIK iud.ï fj; úOdkhla ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2016 uehs 26 - rlaIK lr®udka;h úêu;a ls¯fï mk; hgf;a ;e/õlrefjl= f,i ,shdm†xÑ ùug
wfmalaIs; hï ;eke;af;l=" remsh,a ñ,shk 2'5 g fkdwvq f.jd ksñ fldgia m%d.aOkhla
;nd .; hq;= njg kshu lrñka Y%S ,xld rlaIK uKav,h úiska 2005 wxl 5 ork kshuh
ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°'
2016 iema;eïnr® 30 - kj rlaIK l%u iy tajd y∫kajd fok †k iïnkaOfhka Y%S ,xld rlaIK uKav,h
±kqïj;a lrk f,i kshu lrñka Y%S ,xld rlaIK uKav,h ishÆu rlaIK iud.ï
fj; pl%f,aLhla ^wxl 39& ksl=;a lrk ,°' ta wkqj" idudkH rlaIK iud.ï úiska kj
rlaIK l%u y∫kajd °ug fmr w∞< ,shlshú,s b†˙m;a l< hq;= w;r †.=ld,Sk rlaIK
iud.ï úiska kj rlaIK l%u y∫kajd °ug wju jYfhka †k 45 lg fmr wdhq.Kl
iy;slh" rlaIK m%;sm;a;s f,aLkh iy fhdackd m;%h b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
2016 Tlaf;danr® 01 - md˙fNda.slhskag läkñka iy idOdrKj ie,lSu ;yjqre ls¯u i|yd Y%S ,xld rlaIK
uKav,h úiska md˙fNda.ls meñ◊,s yeisrùu iïnkaOfhka udr®f.damfoaY ud,djla
ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2016 Tlaf;danr® 21 - Y%S ,xld rlaIK uKav,h úiska iïnkaê; °r®> ld,Sk rlaIK jHdmdr i|yd mj;sk
udr®f.damfoaY ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°' ta wkqj" Tmamqj wj,x.= lrk wjia:dfõ mj;sk
tall jákdlñka wh úh hq;= rlaIK .dia;=" Tmamq .dia;= iy mejreï .dia;= wvq l< miq
jk tall jákdlug jvd Tmamqjl mejreï w.h wvq úh fkdyel' ;jo" wj∞kï .dia;=
l,ska wh lr .kakd wdfhdack yd iïnkaê; ksIamdokhl mejreï w.h ksYaph ls¯fï °
rlaIK lr®udka;h úêu;a ls¯fï mkf;ys mejreï w.h ksYaph ls¯fï m%;smdok tjeks
ksIamdokhl wj∞kï fldgi i|yd ^muKla& w∞< lr .; hq;=h'

300
 m%Odk wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;suh fjkiaùï iy ls%hdudr®. ( 2016

2017 ckjd˙ 01 - rlaIK Tmamq ysñhkaf.a whs;sjdislï iqrlaIs; lrñka rlaIK wxYfha jD;a;SuhNdjh
iy m%;srEmh kxjd,Sfï wruq◊ka Y%S ,xld rlaIK uKav,h úiska rlaIK ysñlïmEï
ms<sn|j úur®Yk is≥ ls¯u yd iïnkaO udr®f.damfoaY ud,djla ksl=;a lrk ,°'
m%d.aOk fj<|fmd<
2016 ckjd˙ 01 - fldgia yqjudre noao bj;a lrk ,°'
2016 wfm%a,a 01 - fldgia yqjudre noao ishhg 0'3 wkqmd;hlska kej; mkjk ,°'
2016 fkdjeïnr® 17 - Y%S ,xld iq/l=ïm;a iy úksuh fldñIka iNdj úiska wju uyck ysñlï wjYH;d
m%;sfYdaOkh lrk ,°'
2016 fkdjeïnr® 22 - Kh iq/l=ïm;a muKla .kqfokq lrk ;e/õldr iud.ï yereKq fldg fiiq
;e/õldr iud.ï úiska remsh,a ñ,shk 35 l wjuhlg hg;aj" fufyhqï wj∞ku"
úYd, .kqfokqlrejka yd iïnkaO wj∞ku yd w∞< ;e/õldr iud.u i;= fldgia iy
iq/l=ïm;aj, fj<|fmd< WÉpdjpkh u; we;súh yels wj∞ku o we;=<;a jQ" iuia;
wj∞kï ;;a;ajh fuka jdr 1'2 l m%udKhl wju m%d.aOk wkqmd;hla 2017 udr®;= 01 †k
isg mj;ajd .; hq;= njg Y%S ,xld iq/l=ïm;a yd úksuh fldñIka iNdj úiska úOdkhla
ksl=;a lrk ,°'
laIqøuQ,H
2016 uehs 20 - 2016 wxl 6 ork laIqøuQ,H mk; my; i|yka lreKq i|yd kS;s.; lrk ,°'
- laIqøuQ,H jHdmdrh lrf.k hkq ,nk iud.ï i|yd n,m;% °u" tajd kshdukh yd
wëlaIKh ls¯u
- laIqøuQ,H rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk jYfhka iSñ; b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;= Ndr .kakd rdcH
fkdjk ixúOdk ,shdm†xÑ ls¯u
- laIqøuQ,H rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk iy laIqø Kh rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk kshdukh yd
wëlaIKh ls¯u i|yd m%ñ;s ia:dms; ls¯u
- laIqøuQ,H mk; u.ska n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H wdh;k m¯laId ls¯u yd wëlaIKh Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; mjrd we;'
iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK jHjidh ixjr®Okh
2016 ckjd˙ 07 - cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyk hgf;a laIqøuQ,H ixrplh kej; wdrïN lr
°m jHdma;j remsh,a ñ,shk 90 la uq∞ ye¯u i|yd iyNd.S;aj uQ,H wdh;k fj;
fufyhqï Wmfoia ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2016 ckjd˙ 14 - uyd m˙udK ls˙ ksIamdok ixjr®Ok Kh fhdackd l%uh i|yd jk Wm˙u iyk ld,h
jHdmD;sfha wjYH;djhkag wkqrEmj udi 06 isg udi 12 olajd jeä lrk ,°'
2016 wfm%a,a 27 - iajhx /lshd m%jr®Okh ls¯fï Kh fhdackd l%ufha w†hr - ˚˚ l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd jk
fufyhqï Wmfoia iyNd.S;aj uQ,H wdh;k fj; ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2016 uehs 27 - 2016 wfm%a,a 07 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙†" cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyk
hgf;a wdodhï W;amdok l%shdldrlï i|yd tla mqoa.,fhl=g ,nd fok Kh iSudj
remsh,a 10"000 isg remsh,a 300"000 olajd jQ mrdihlg ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°'
2016 wf.daia;= 03 - cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyk hgf;a l%shd;aul jk §;reK †˙h¶ ;dreKH
iún,.ekaùu iy /lshd jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd iyNd.S;aj uQ,H wdh;k fj;
fufyhqï Wmfoia ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2016 wf.daia;= 22 - 2016 iema;eïnr® 15 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙†" kj ims˙ .%dóh Kh fhdackd l%uh
hgf;a iq≥iqlï ,;a fNda.hla f,i Wla j.dj we;=<;a ls¯u i|yd fufyhqï Wmfoia
ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2016 Tlaf;danr® 07 - cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyfkys §fldka;%d;a f.dùka i|yd jQ Kh fhdackd
l%uh¶ hgf;a §w.h∞u ixjr®Ok m%d.aOk lDIsldr®ñl Kh fhdackd l%uh¶ iy §w.h∞u
ixjr®Ok ld,Sk lDIsldr®ñl Kh fhdackd l%uh¶ l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd iyNd.S;aj uQ,H
wdh;k fj; fufyhqï Wmfoia ksl=;a lrk ,°'

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 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

2016 foieïnr® 20 - 2016 Tlaf;danr® 01 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙†" cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyk
hgf;a l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk §;reK †˙h¶ Kh fhdackd l%uh wjika jk †kh 2017
udr®;= w. olajd °r®> lrk ,°'
2017 fmnrjd˙ 06 - uyd m˙udK ls˙ ksIamdok ixjr®Ok Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a Kh wdmiq f.ùu i|yd
jQ Wm˙u ld,iSudj jHdmD;sfha iajNdjh u;" jirl Wm˙u iyk ld,hla o we;=<;aj
jir 5 isg jir 6 olajd °r®> lrk ,°'
2017 fmnrjd˙ 08 - Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j" rch fjkqfjka laIqø" iqΩ iy uOH m˙udK jHdmdr wxYh ixjr®Okh
iy /lshd ckkh ls¯fï wruq◊ka §iajYla;s - /lshd oi ,laIhla lrd¶ kñka kj Kh
fhdackd l%uhla wdrïN lrk ,°'
f.ùï yd mshùï
wfmalaIs; - uQ,H wdh;k úiska f.ùï myiqlï ie,iSu i|yd fhd∞ .kakd cx.u wh≥ï uD≥ldx.
i|yd m%ñ;Ska kshu ls¯ug udr®f.damfoaYhla ksl=;a ls¯u
uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu
2016 ckjd˙ 06 - wud;H uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùfï iy ;%ia;jdohg
uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh l%shdfõ fhoùug w∞< mshjr .kakd ,°'
2016 ckjd˙ 27 - 2016 wxl 01 ork uQ,H wdh;k ^.kqfokqlrejka ms<sn| ksis Woafhda.fhka l%shd ls¯fï&
¯;s i|yd jk úfYaI .eiÜ m;% wxl 1951$13 uQ,H wdh;k fj; ksl=;a lrk ,°'

úfoaY úksuh l<ukdlrKh

2016 ckjd˙ 20 - wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï (NRFC), fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï
(RFC), fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï (RNNFC) iy úfoaY úksuh
Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqï (FEEA) ysñhka yg tu .sKqïj, mj;akd uqo,a ´kEu wruqKla
fjkqfjka Y%S ,xldfjka msg;g fm%aIKh ls¯ug bv i,iñka tlS .sKqï iïnkaOfhka
kj úOdkhka n,h,;a fj<∫ka yg ksl=;a lrk ,°'
- Y%S ,xldfõ fkajdisl mqoa.,hka yg t'c' fvd,r® 10"000 la fyda fjk;a ´kEu úfoaY
jHjydr uqo,a jr®.hlska fyda Bg iudk m%udKhla ;ud ika;lfha r|jd .ekSug wjir
,nd foñka kj .eiÜ ksfõokhla ksl=;a lrk ,°'
- Y%S ,xldfjka msg; fkajdisl mqoa.,fhl= yg ´kEu f.ùula ls¯ug NRFC, RFC, RNNFC
yd FEEA .sKqï ysñhka yg bv ,nd foñka úoHq;a uqo,a udre ls¯fï ldâm;a iïnkaOfhka
kj .eiÜ ksfõokhla ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2016 udr®;= 11 - NRFC" RFC" RNNFC yd FEEA .sKqï ysñhka" n,h,;a fj<∫ka" n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl="
úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska ;ekam;= Ndr .ekSu i|yd wjir ,nd ° we;s n,m;%,dNS uQ,H
iud.ï iy oaú;aj mqrjeisNdjhla iys; Y%S ,dxlsl mqrjeishka yg Y%S ,xld rch úiska
ksl=;a lrkq ,nk Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlrj, wdfhdackh ls¯u i|yd wjir ,nd
foñka .eiÜ ksfõokhla ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2016 udr®;= 23 - Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr w;am;a lr .ekSu" r|jd .ekSu yd mej¯u i|yd iy n,h,;a
fjf<kafol=f.ka t'c' fvd,r® ñ,° .ekSu i|yd zY%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr wdfhdack
.sKquZ yd zne∫ïlrj, wdfhdackh i|yd jQ fvd,r® .sKquZ kñka úfYaI úfoaY jHjydr
uqo,a .sKqï újD; ls¯ug n,h,;a fjf<∫kag yd Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr i|yd
ks,,;a ksfhda‚;hka jYfhka m;a lrk ,o m%d:ñl fjf<∫kag wjir ,nd foñka
úOdkhka ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2016 wfm%a,a 01 - NdKav wmkhkh ls¯fuka ,o bmehSï NdKav wmkhkh ls¯fï †k isg †k 90 la
we;=<; Y%S ,xldjg f.k wd hq;= nj NdKav wmkhklrejkag okajk ,o w;r 1993
udr®;= 26 †ke;s wxl 759$15 ork .eiÜ m;%fhka m%∞kh lrk ,o ksoyia ls¯u wj,x.=
lrk ,°' ;jo" Y%S ,xldfjka msg; r|jd ;snQ tjeks ´kEu bmehSula 2016 uehs 01 †kg
fmr Y%S ,xldjg /f.k tk f,i NdKav wmkhklrejka yg okajk ,°'

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 m%Odk wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;suh fjkiaùï iy ls%hdudr®. ( 2016

2016 wfm%a,a 19 - rdcH ¥; fiajh u.ska /ialrk ,o ùid .dia;= yd rdcH ¥; fiajfha kshq;= mqoa.,hka
i;=j mej;s jdyk úls”fuka ,o uqo,a úksuh md,ljrhdg fhduq ls¯fuka f;drj
fm%aIKh ls¯ug iy rdcH ¥; úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï yd rdcH ¥; remsh,a .sKqïj,
mj;akd wruqo,a" iq/l=ïm;a wdfhdack .sKqu (SIA) yryd Y%S ,xldfõ wdfhdack is≥ ls¯ug
wjir foñka tu .sKqï iïnkaOfhka úOdkhka n,h,;a fj<∫ka yg ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2016 uehs 16 - 2013 cqks 12 †kg fmr fjk;a rgl ia:ßr fkajdisl ùid u; ixl%uKh jQ ú.ukslhka
úiska 2013 cqks 12 †kg miq Y%S ,xldj ;=< ° ,o wr®:idOl wruqo,a yd md˙f;daIsl °ukd
we;=Ω úY%dñl m%;s,dN o" fmd,S" ,dNdxY" úY%du jegqma" l=,S wd∞hï" n≥ l=,S yd ,dN we;=Ω
jr®;k wd∞hï o ;u ixl%u◊l °ukdfjka wvq ls¯ulska f;drj ;u wfkajdisl wdjD;
.sKqï yryd fm%aIKh ls¯ug wjir ,nd fok ,°'
- 2013 cqks 12 †kg miqj fjk;a rgl ia:ßr fkajdisl ùid ,nd.;a Y%S ,dxlslhska yg ish
iq≥iqlï ,;a ixl%u◊l °ukdj Y%S ,xldfõ wdfhdackh ls¯u ms◊i SIA .sKqulg udre
ls¯ug wjir ,nd foñka ú.dñlhka yg úfoaY úksuh úls”u ms<sn| kj úOdkhka
n,h,;a fjf<∫ka yg ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2016 cqks 07 - n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=" n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=" n,m;%,dNS uQ,H iud.ï" úfYaIs;
l,an≥ iud.ï" wemfhka iSñ; iud.ï iy úfoaYSh iud.ï yer Y%S ,xldj ;=< ixia:dms;
iud.ïj,g úfoaYSh uQ,dY%hkaf.ka Kh ,nd .ekSu ms◊i kj úfoaYSh jd◊c Kh
.ekSfï fhdackd l%uhla l%shd;aul lrk ,o w;r iq≥iqlï ,;a Kh .ekqïlrejkaf.a
kñka zúfoaYSh jd◊c Kh .ekSfï .sKqïZ újD; lr mj;ajdf.k hEu i|yd wjir ,nd
foñka n,h,;a fj<∫ka yg úOdkhka ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2016 cqks 10 - uqo,a Khg °u iy wdrlaIl l<ukdlrKh" ;lafiarelrKh yd ;ks mqoa.,hskag fyda
fm!oa.,sl wdh;khkag WmfoaYk iemhSu we;=Ω wdrlaIl fiajd iemhSu hk lafIa;%hkays
is≥ lrkq ,nk úfoaY wdfhdack u; mkjd ;snQ iSudls¯ï bj;a lrk ,°'
2016 iema;eïnr® 29 - NdKav wmkhkh fjkqfjka ,efnk wd∞hï" Y%S ,xldjg /f.k wd hq;= njg ,nd ° ;snQ
ld,h NdKav wmkhkh ls¯fï †k isg †k 120 la olajd °r®> lrk ,°' fuu ksfhda.h
W,a,x>kh ls¯ula iïnkaOfhka l%shdudr®. wdrïN ls¯ug fmr †k 30 l iyk ld,hla
,nd °u Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg is≥ l< yelsh'
ñ, ixfYdaOk
2016 fmnrjd˙ 01 - foaYSh ≥rl:k weu;=ï iy flá m◊jqv$nyqudOH m◊jqv i|yd jk fmd≥ wju ñ,
my; m˙† ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°'

ñks;a;=jlg wju ñ, ^remsh,a&

whs;uh
mej;s kj
foaYSh weu;=ï ^ñks;a;= mokï cd,h ;=< 1'00 1'50
lr.;a f.ùï& cd, w;r 2'00 1'50
foaYSh weu;=ï ^;;amr mokï cd,h ;=< 1'25 1'80
lr.;a f.ùï& cd, w;r 2'50 1'80
flá m◊jqv$nyqudOH m◊jqv cd,h ;=< 0'10 0'20
^m◊jqvhlg& cd, w;r 0'25 0'20

2016 cQ,s 14 - my; i|yka whs;u i|yd Wm˙u is,a,r ñ, iSudjka mkjk ,°'
- uhsiQr® m˙mamq ^r;= m˙mamq& lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 169
- úh<s yd,aueiaika ^wdkhksl - ;dhs,ka;& lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 495
- úh<s yd,aueiaika ^wdkhksl - vqndhs& lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 410
- lv, lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 260
- uqx weg lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 220
- áka udΩ ^wdkhksl& Y=oaO nr .%Eï 425 la fyda †hr rys; nr .%Eï 280 la i|yd remsh,a
140 iy Y=oaO nr .%Eï 155 la fyda †hr rys; nr .%Eï 105 la i|yd remsh,a 70
- iq≥ iSks lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 95

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- ;s˙`.= msá lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 87

- iïmQr®K fhdoh iys; ls˙ msá ^wdkhksl& .%Eï 400 la i|yd remsh,a 325 iy
lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 810
- iïmQr®K fhdoh iys; ls˙ msá ^foaYSh& .%Eï 400 la i|yd remsh,a 295 iy lsf,da.%Euhla
i|yd remsh,a 735
- wê YS; l< fyda YS; l< fn%dhs,r® l=l=Ω uia ^iïmQr®K l=l=<d& iu iys;j lsf,da.%Euhla
i|yd remsh,a 410 iy iu rys;j lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 495
- wr®;dm,a ^wdkhksl& lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 120
- fndïnhs ΩEkq ^wdkhksl& lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 78
- fkdweUrE fyda l=vq fkdl< úh<s ñ˙ia lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 385
- lÜgd lrj, lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 1"100
- id,hd lrj, lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 425
- iiagcka .%Eï 400 i|yd remsh,a 1"500
- Wïn,lv lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 1"500
2016 wf.daia;= 01 - u.S nia .dia;= ishhg 6 l idudkH m%;sY;hlska jeä lrk ,°' wju nia .dia;=j remsh,a
8 isg remsh,a 9 olajd jeä lrk ,°'
2016 Tlaf;danr® 21 - f;dard.;a T!Iëh ksIamdok 48 la fjkqfjka Wm˙u is,a,r ñ, iSud mekùu i|yd 2016
wxl 2 ork cd;sl T!IO kshduk wêld¯ ^ñ, by< iSud& ksfhda.h ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2016 fkdjeïnr® 29 - lsf,da.%Eï 12'5 .Dyia: t,a'mS' .Eia is,skavrhl ñ, remsh,a 1"321 olajd remsh,a 25 lska
wvq lrk ,°'
2017 ckjd˙ 09 - N+ñf;,a ,Sgrhl is,a,r ñ, remsh,a 44 olajd remsh,a 5 lska wvq lrk ,°'
2017 ckjd˙ 27 - my; i|yka whs;u i|yd jQ Wm˙u is,a,r ñ, iSudjka ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°'
- uhsiQr® m˙mamq ^r;= m˙mamq& lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 159
- úh<s yd,aueiaika ^wdkhksl - ;dhs,ka;& lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 490
- úh<s yd,aueiaika ^wdkhksl - vqndhs& lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 405
- uqx weg lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 205
- iq≥ iSks lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 93
- wr®;dm,a ^wdkhksl& lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 115
2017 fmnrjd˙ 08 - iy,a i|yd my; i|yka Wm˙u is,a,r ñ, iSudjka mkjk ,°'
- iïnd iy,a lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 80
- kdvq iy,a lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 72
- lel=Ω iy,a lsf,da.%Euhla i|yd remsh,a 70
2017 fmnrjd˙ 17 - iy,a i|yd jQ Wm˙u is,a,r ñ, iSudjka my; m˙† ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°'
iy,a jr®.h foaYShj ksmojk iy,a wdkhksl iy,a i|yd
i|yd Wm˙u is,a,r ñ, Wm˙u is,a,r ñ,
^lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a& ^lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a&
iïnd iy,a ^lS˙ iy iQ≥re iïnd yer& 90 80
kdvq iy,a 80 72
lel=Ω iy,a 78 70

- ffjoH WmlrK i|yd Wm˙u is,a,r ñ, iSudjka mekùu i|yd 2017 wxl 01 ork
ffjoH WmlrK ñ, kshu ls¯fï ksfhda.h ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2017 udr®;= 14 - iq≥ iSks iy wê YS; l< fyda YS; l< iu iys; yd iu rys; fn%dhs,r® l=l=Ω uia ^iïmQr®K
l=l=<d& u; jQ Wm˙u is,a,r ñ, iSudjka bj;a lrk ,°'

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 m%Odk wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;suh fjkiaùï iy ls%hdudr®. ( 2016

n≥ ixfYdaOk
mqoa., wd∞hï n≥
wfmalaIs; - mqoa., wd∞hï n≥ wkqm%udK jHqyh my; m˙† ixfYdaOkh ls¯u
- fiajd kshqla;sfhka ,nk ,dN iy wd∞hï
^w& fiajd kshqla;slhka i|yd jdr®Isl n≥ ksoyia °ukdj remsh,a 750"000$- isg remsh,a
ñ,shk 1'2 la olajd jeä ls¯u2
^wd& fojk fiajd kshqla;sfhys fhfok wjia:djl w∞< jk n≥ wkqm%udK my; m˙†
ixfYdaOkh ls¯u
- f.ùu uilg remsh,a 50"000 la fkdblaujkafka kï ishhg 10
- f.ùu uilg remsh,a 50"000 la blaujkafka kï ishhg 20
- wkql%ñl n≥ wkqm%udK ishhg 4 isg ishhg 24 olajd tla tla LKavhla i|yd remsh,a
600"000 l iudk n≥ LKav f,i ixfYdaOkh ls¯u
- my; i|yka fiajd kshqla;sfhka ,nk ,dN iy wd∞hï u; jk ksoyia ls¯ï bj;a ls¯u
- m%jdyk myiqlï
- úfYaI ldKav hg;g .efkk rdcH fiajd kshqla;slhkag ,nd fok we;eï úfYaIs;
°ukd
ixia:dms; wd∞hï n≥
wfmalaIs; - wd∞hï n≥ my; m˙† ixfYdaOkh ls¯u
- iud.ï n≥ ishhg 14 l wvq n≥ wkqm%udKh" ishhg 28 l iïu; n≥ wkqm%udKh iy
ishhg 40 l by< n≥ wkqm%udKh f,i n≥ wkqm%udK 3 lg my; m˙† ixfYdaOkh
ls¯u
^w& ishhg 14 l wvq n≥ wkqm%udKh iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK jHdmdr"3 NdKav yd fiajd
wmkhk" lDIsldr®ñl jHjidh iy wOHdmk fiajdj,ska ,o ,dN iy wd∞hï u;
w∞< fõ'
^wd& by< n≥ wkqm%udKh jk ishhg 40" TÜgq yd iQ≥" u;ameka" ≥ïfld<j,ska ,o ,dN
iy wd∞hï i|yd w∞< fõ'
^we& iïu; n≥ wkqm%udKh jk ishhg 28" nexl= yd uQ,H jHdmdr" rlaIK" l,an≥ iy
wdY%s; l%shdldrlï we;=Ωj wfkl=;a ishÆu wxYj, ,dN iy wd∞hï u; wh flfr®'
- wruqo,a ^fiajl wr®: idOl" fiajl Ndrldr jeks& mqKHdh;k" ,dNdxY" NdKavd.dr
ne∫ïlr" NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy wfkl=;a ishÆu wxYhkays ,dN iy wd∞hï u; wh
lrkq ,nk n≥ wkqm%udKh ishhg 10 isg ishhg 14 olajd jeä ls¯u
- my; whs;u u; jk wd∞hï n≥ ksoyia ls¯ï bj;a ls¯u
- we;eï ,dNdxY iy ,ehsia;=.; iq/l=ïm;a ^idx.ñl Kh iq/l=ïm;a jeks& iy fjk;a
idOk m;% u; wdfhdackhkaf.ka ,nk fmd,S fyda ,dN
- tall Ndrhl fyda wfkHdakH wruqo,l wdfhdackh lrkq ,nk tall orkafkl=g
±kg mj;akd wd∞hï n≥ ksoyi" ixia:dms; wxYh i|yd bj;a ls¯u
- b;s˙ls¯ï .sKqï u; ,nk fmd,sh i|yd uilg remsh,a 5"000 olajd
- fcHIaG mqrjeishkaf.a nexl= ;ekam;= u; ,nk fmd,sh i|yd ±kg mj;sk n≥ ksoyi
jirlg remsh,a ñ,shk 1'5 l iSudjlg hg;a ls¯u
- ´kEu fj<πul fyda jHdmdrhl wd∞hï noao i|yd my; i|yka wdfhdack n≥ iyk
,nd °u
- t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 3 lg fkdwvq ia:djr j;alï u; lrkq ,nk wdfhdackhla iys;
wju jYfhka fiajd kshqla;slhka 250 lg /lshd wjia:d ìys lrk jHdmdrhl tu
wdfhdack u; ishhg 100 l m%d.aOk °ukdjla ,nd °u

2 iq≥iqlï ,nk f.ùu i|yd jk wvq ls¯u ta wkqj ixfYdaOkh fõ'

3 fuu ldr®hh i|yd iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK jHdmdr" jirlg Wm˙u ms˙jegqï iSudj re' ñ,shk 500 la f,i úfYaIs; ksr®Kdhlhla hgf;a ksr®jpkh flfr®'

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- by; i|yka jk fldkafoais hgf;a W;=re m<df;a lrkq ,nk wdfhdackhka u;

ishhg 200 l m%d.aOk °ukdjla ,nd °u
- t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 5 lg fkdwvq ia:djr j;alï u; lrkq ,nk wdfhdackhla iys;
wju jYfhka fiajd kshqla;slhka 300 lg /lshd wjia:d we;s lrjk wdfhdack i|yd
tu wdfhdack jákdlñka ishhg 100 l m%d.aOk °ukdjla iy jHdmdr lghq;= wdrïN
lr fojk jr®Ifha ° wdfhdack jákdlñka ishhg 5 l n≥ nerla ,nd °u
- ´kEu fj<πul fyda jHdmdrhl wd∞hï noao i|yd my; i|yka úfYaIs; n≥ iyk
,nd °u
- t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 100 lg fkdwvq wdfhdackhla iys; wju jYfhka fiajd
kshqla;slhka 500 lg /lshd wjia:d we;s lrjk wjia:djl fyda
- t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 500 lg fkdwvq wdfhdackhla lrkq ,nk wjia:djl
- úfoaY uqo,ska ,nk wmkhk u; jk ,dN 2015$16 ;lafiare jr®Ihg idfmalaIj 2016$17
;lafiare jr®Ih ;=< ishhg 15 lska fyda Bg jeä m%;sY;hlska jeä jk wjia:djl" tu
jeä jk ,dNh u; 2016$17 jr®Ih i|yd f.jk wd∞hï noafoka ishhg 75 la m%;s∞khla
f,i ,nd °u
- m%d.aOk °ukd m%;sY;hka my; m˙† ixfYdaOkh ls¯u
- ms˙h;" hkaf;%damlrK" WmlrK fyda ta yd iudk whs;u i|yd ishhg 33 1$3" ishhg
50 iy ishhg 100 isg ishhg 20 olajd ^iudk jd˙lhka 5 la&
- f.dvke.s,s i|yd ishhg 10 isg ishhg 5 olajd ^iudk jd˙lhka 20 la&
r|jd .ekSfï n≥
wfmalaIs; - fmd,sh u; r|jd .ekSfï noao ishhg 5 olajd jeä ls¯u
- uilg remsh,a 50"000 la blaujk ksYaÑ; .dia;= i|yd r|jd .ekSfï noaola y∫kajd °u
- u;s ud;% n≥ ner bj;a lrkq ,nk w;r" ksl=;a lrk wjia:dfõ ° r|jd .ekSfï noaog
hg;a jk NdKavd.dr ì,am;a" ne∫ïlr fyda idx.ñl Kh iq/l=ïm;a u; ,nd fok Y=oaO
fmd,sh wd∞hï noaog hg;a ls¯u
ld, lvbu
wfmalaIs; - ;lafiare iy wNshdpkd i|yd jk ld, lvbu iïnkaO úêúOdk my; m˙† ixfYdaOkh
ls¯u
- ;lafiarejla ksl=;a ls¯u i|yd udi 18 isg udi 09 olajd
- flduid˙ia ckrd,ajrhd fj; lrkq ,nk wNshdpkhla úi£ug udi 24 isg udi 06
olajd
- n≥ wNshdpkd fldñiu fj; lrkq ,nk wNshdpkhla úi£ug udi 24 isg udi 06
olajd
wdr®:ßl fiajd .dia;=
2016 wfm%a,a 01 - wdr®:ßl fiajd .dia;= u; my; i|yka ixfYdaOk is≥ lrk ,°'
- ,dN Wmhk jHdmdr i|yd ,nd ° ;snQ ksoyia ls¯u bj;a lrk ,°'
- jr®Ihla i|yd f.úh hq;= n≥ m%udKfhys Wm˙u iSudj jQ remsh,a ñ,shk 120 bj;a
lrk ,°'
- wdr®:ßl fiajd .dia;= wkqmd;slh ishhg 0'25 isg ishhg 0'5 olajd by< kxjk ,°'
- 2016 wfm%a,a 01 †k isg n,meje;afjk m˙† f.úh hq;= wd∞hï noaola fjkqfjka
b†˙hg f.k tk ,o wdr®:ßl fiajd .dia;= wvq l< yels ld,iSudj wjqre≥ 5 isg wjqre≥
3 olajd wvq lrk ,°'
- iuia; ms˙jegqu ldr®;=jla i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 50 blaujk wjia:djkays ° fmg%,a"
ãi,a yd N+ñf;,a is,a,r fj<πu wdr®:ßl fiajd .dia;=jg hg;a lrk ,°' f.úh hq;=
n≥ m%udKh tjeks fj<πul ms˙jegqfuka 1$10 la f,i .Kkh flfr®'

306
 m%Odk wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;suh fjkiaùï iy ls%hdudr®. ( 2016

wfmalaIs; - wdr®:ßl fiajd .dia;=jg hg;a jk ms˙jegqfï iSudj ldr®;=jlg remsh,a ñ,shk 50 isg
ldr®;=jlg remsh,a ñ,shk 12'5 olajd wvq ls¯u
- r;%ka" fjk;a jákd f,day iy fudgr® jdyk wdkhkh u; wdr®:ßl fiajd .dia;= mekùu
tl;= l< w.h u; n≥
2016 uehs 024 - tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ wkqmd;slh ishhg 11 isg ishhg 15 olajd jeä lrk ,°'
- tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ i|yd ,shdm†xÑ ùug wjYH iemhqï iSudj ldr®;=jlg remsh,a
ñ,shk 3'75 isg remsh,a ñ,shk 3 olajd wvq lrk ,°'
- ú≥,s ixfoaY fiajd iemhSu" ú≥,s ixfoaY lr®udka;h i|yd hka;% fyda WmlrK" ;U
lïì /yeka we;=Ω wê;dlaI◊l WmlrK wdkhkh fyda iemhSu" ú≥,s ixfoaY kshduk
fldñIka iNdj úiska foaYSh ú≥,s ixfoaY fufyhqïlrejkag n,m;% ksl=;a ls¯fï fiajd
iy fi!LHdrlaIl fiajd tl;= l< w.h u; noaog hg;a lrk ,°'
- f;d. iy is,a,r fj<πu u; tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ wh ls˙u i|yd mej;sh hq;=
úl=Kqï jákdlu ldr®;=jlg remsh,a ñ,shk 100 isg remsh,a ñ,shk 3 olajd wvq lrk
,° ^ls%hd;aul fkdùh&'
2016 fkdjeïnr® 01 - tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ wkqmd;slh ishhg 11 isg ishhg 15 olajd jeä lrk ,°'
- f;d. iy is,a,r fj<πu u; tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ wh ls˙u i|yd mej;sh hq;= úl=Kqï
jákdlu ldr®;=jlg remsh,a ñ,shk 100 isg remsh,a ñ,shk 12'5 olajd wvq lrk ,°'
- tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ i|yd ,shdm†xÑ ùug wjYH iemhqï iSudj ldr®;=jlg remsh,a
ñ,shk 3'75 isg remsh,a ñ,shk 3 olajd wvq lrk ,°'
- ú≥,s ixfoaY fiajd iemhSu" ú≥,s ixfoaY lr®udka;h i|yd hka;% fyda WmlrK" ;U
lïì /yeka we;=Ω wê;dlaI◊l WmlrK wdkhkh fyda iemhSu" ú≥,s ixfoaY kshduk
fldñIka iNdj úiska foaYSh ú≥,s ixfoaY fufyhqïlrejkag n,m;% ksl=;a ls¯fï fiajd
iy fi!LHdrlaIl fiajd ^ffjoH jD;a;slhka" ffjoH WmfoaYk fiajd" pek,a .dia;= iy
frday,a ldur .dia;=" iïnkaO ms˙jeh yer& tl;= l< w.h u; noaog hg;a lrk ,°'
- my; i|yka øjH wdkhkh ls¯u fyda iemhSu u; tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ mkjk ,°'
- is./Ü
- u;ameka
- ieye,aÆ ú≥,s fyda úoHq;a NdKav
- iqj| ú,jqka
- .,aw.=re
- ú≥,s ixfoaY lr®udka;h i|yd jk WmlrK
2016 fkdjeïnr® 11 - my; ±lafjk iemhqï tl;= l< w.h u; noafoka ksoyia lrk ,°'
- we;eï ixfhda‚; jr®.SlrK ixfla; wxl hgf;a y∫kd .;a mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s
W;amdokh i|yd jk ms˙h;" hkaf;%damlrK iy Wmdx.
- we;eï ixfhda‚; jr®.SlrK ixfla; wxl hgf;a y∫kd .;a ú≥,s NdKav
- mqj;am;a yer we;eï ixfhda‚; jr®.SlrK ixfla; wxl hgf;a y∫kd .;a i`.rd"
cr®k,a" jdr i`.rd wd†h
- ixfhda‚; jr®.SlrK ixfla; wxl 8421'29'10 hgf;a y∫kd .;a ffjoH WmlrK
wfmalaIs; - †k 30 lg fkdjeä ld,hla ,xldfõ /£ isák úfoaYslhka úiska ñ, ° .kq ,nk NdKav
u; jk tl;= l< w.h u; noao" Tjqka ,xldfjka msgjk wjia:dfõ ° wdmiq f.ùu i|yd
l%ufõohla y∫kajd °u

4 2016 fkdjeïnr® 01 †k kS;s.; lrk ,o 2016 wxl 20 ork tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ mk; wkqj fuu l%shdudr®. j,x.= jkafka 2016 uehs 02 †k isg
2016 cQ,s 11 olajd ld,iSudj i|yd mu◊'

307
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

- ndysr msúiqï l%shdlrejka úiska foaYSh l%shdlrejka fj; imhkq ,nk cd;Hka;r ú≥,s
ixfoaY fiajdjka i|yd tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ ksoyia ls¯ï ,nd °u
- ir, lrk ,o tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ l%uh (SVAT) bj;a ls˙u
cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï noao
2016 uehs 025 - cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï n≥ i|yd ,shdm†xÑ ùug wjYH iemhqï iSudj ldr®;=jlg remsh,a
ñ,shk 3'75 isg remsh,a ñ,shk 3 olajd wvq lrk ,°'
- ú≥,s ixfoaY fiajd iemhSu" ú≥,s n,h iemhSu" ,sysis f;,a" ksjdi jHdmD;s yer fjk;a
úfYaI jHdmD;s i|yd NdKav yd fiajd iemhSu i|yd cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï noao hgf;a ,nd
° ;snQ n≥ ksoyia ls¯u bj;a lrk ,°'
2016 fkdjeïnr® 01 - cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï n≥ i|yd ,shdm†xÑ ùug wjYH iemhqï iSudj ldr®;=jlg remsh,a
ñ,shk 3'75 isg remsh,a ñ,shk 3 olajd wvq lrk ,°'
- ú≥,s ixfoaY fiajd iemhSu" ú≥,sn,h iemhSu" ,sysis f;,a" ksjdi jHdmD;s yer fjk;a
úfYaI jHdmD;s i|yd NdKav yd fiajd iemhSu i|yd cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï noao hgf;a ,nd
° ;snQ n≥ ksoyia ls¯u bj;a lrk ,°'
2016 fkdjeïnr® 11 - my; i|yka whs;u cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï noafoka ksoyia lrk ,°'
- mqj;am;a yer we;eï ixfhda‚; jr®.SlrK ixfla; wxl hgf;a y∫kd .;a uqøs; fmd;a"
iÛrd" cr®k,a" jdr i`.rd wd†h
- we;eï ixfhda‚; jr®.SlrK ixfla; wxl hgf;a y∫kd .;a iQr®h fldaI mek, iy
Wmdx.
ksIamdok n≥$iqrd n≥
2016 ckjd˙ 01 - fnda;,a lrk ,o rd i|yd wh l< iqrd noao ,Sgrhg remsh,a 10 isg ,Sgrhg remsh,a 30
olajd jeä lrk ,°'
2016 wfm%a,a 01 - B;hs,a uoHidr wdkhkh iy foaYSh iemhqu u; mkjd ;snQ iqrd n≥ jeä lrk ,°'
2016 iema;eïnr® 01 - úfoaYSh u;ameka wdkhkh i|yd ksIamdok noao my; m˙† mkjk ,°'
- OdkH u;ameka f;d. ,Sgrhla i|yd remsh,a 50
- úfoaY jhska f;d. ,Sgrhla i|yd remsh,a 100
- wfkl=;a úfoaYSh u;ameka f;d. ,Sgrhla i|yd remsh,a 200
2017 ckjd˙ 01 - fnda;,a lrk ,o rd i|yd wh l< noao ,Sgrhg remsh,a 30 isg ,Sgrhg remsh,a 50 olajd
jeä lrk ,°'
wfmalaIs; - wdkhkh lrk ,o mdkSh fkdjk uoHidr u; ,Sgrhlg remsh,a 25 l iqrd noaola
y∫kajd °u
- t;fkda,a ksIamdokh i|yd Ndú;d lrkq ,nk wuqøjH u; iqrd noaola mekùu
ksIamdok ^úfYaI úêúOdk& noao
2016 uehs 27 - fudagr® jdyk wdkhkh ls¯fï ° wh l< tall ksIamdok ^úfYaI úêúOdk& n≥ wkqmd;slh
ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°'
2016 wf.daia;= 20 - ãi,a i|yd jQ ksIamdok ^úfYaI úêúOdk& noao ,Sgrhg remsh,a 3 isg ,Sgrhg remsh,a 13
olajd jeä lrk ,°'
2016 Tlaf;danr® 04 - is./Ü i|yd jk ksIamdok ^úfYaI úêúOdk& n≥ by< kxjk ,°'
2016 fkdjeïnr® 11 - îr lEka u; my; m˙† ksIamdok ^úfYaI úêúOdk& noaola mkjk ,°'
- ñ,s ,Sgr® 350 g fkdjeä lEka tlla i|yd remsh,a 10
- ñ,s ,Sgr® 350 g jeä lEka tlla i|yd remsh,a 15

5 2016 fkdjeïnr® 07 †k kS;s.; lrk ,o 2016 wxl 22 ork cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï n≥ mk; wkqj fuu l%shdudr®. j,x.= jkafka 2016 uehs 02 †k isg
2016 cQ,s 11 olajd ld,iSudj i|yd mu◊'

308
 m%Odk wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;suh fjkiaùï iy ls%hdudr®. ( 2016

wdkhk ;Sre n≥
2016 fmnrjd˙ 01 - iy,a wdkhkh i|yd wh l< wdkhk ;Sre noao lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 35 isg lsf,da.%Euhg
remsh,a 50 olajd jeä lrk ,°'
2016 fmnrjd˙ 09 - ;s˙`.= weg wdkhkh ls¯fï ° ,nd ° ;snQ ishhg 15 la fyda lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 10 la jQ
iïmQr®K ;Sre n≥ w;aye¯u lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 4 la olajd wvq lrk ,°' ta wkqj" ;s˙`.=
weg wdkhkh i|yd w∞< jk ;Sre n≥ wkqmd;slh lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 6 ls'
2016 cqks 23 - ãi,a wdkhkfha ° ,nd ° ;snQ ,Sgrhg remsh,a 6 la jQ ;Sre n≥ w;aye¯u bj;a lrk ,°'
ta wkqj ãi,a i|yd w∞< jk ;Sre n≥ wkqmd;slh ,Sgrhg remsh,a 15 ls'
2016 cQ,s 15 - ls˙msá wdkhkh i|yd lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 90 la jQ ;Sre n≥ w;aye¯ula ,nd fok ,°'
ta wkqj ls˙msá i|yd w∞< jk ;Sre n≥ wkqmd;slh lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 135 ls'
2016 wf.daia;= 13 - fmd,sfm%dms,Ska nE.a wdkhkh i|yd lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 15 l ;Sre noaola mkjk ,°'
2016 wf.daia;= 25 - B;hs,a uoHidr wdkhk i|yd wh l< ;Sre noao ,Sgrhg remsh,a 400 isg ,Sgrhg remsh,a
500 olajd jeä lrk ,°'
2016 iema;eïnr® 15 - ;s˙`.= weg wdkhkh ls¯fï ° mej;s remsh,a 4 l ;Sre n≥ w;aye¯u bj;a lrk ,o w;r
wdkhk noao ishhg 15 fyda lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 10 isg ishhg 15 fyda lsf,da.%Euhg
remsh,a 12 olajd jeä lrk ,°'
2016 fkdjeïnr® 11 - ls˙msá wdkhkh i|yd ,nd ° ;snQ ;Sre n≥ w;aye¯u lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 90 isg
lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 125 olajd jeä lrk ,°' ta wkqj ls˙ msá i|yd w∞< jk ;Sre n≥
wkqmd;slh lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 100 ls'
- iy,a wdkhkh i|yd wh l< wdkhk ;Sre noao lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 50 isg ishhg 30
fyda lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 50 f,i ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°'
2016 foieïnr® 10 - ;s˙`.= weg wdkhkh i|yd lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 3 l ;Sre n≥ w;aye¯ula ,nd fok ,°' ta
wkqj ;s˙`.= weg wdkhkh i|yd w∞< jk ;Sre n≥ wkqmd;slh lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 9 ls'
2016 foieïnr® 20 - ls˙msá wdkhkh i|yd ,nd ° ;snQ ;Sre n≥ w;aye¯u lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 125 isg
lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 180 olajd jeä lrk ,°' ta wkqj ls˙ msá i|yd w∞< jk ;Sre n≥
wkqmd;slh lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 45 ls'
2017 fmnrjd˙ 01 - ãi,a wdkhkh i|yd ,Sgrhg remsh,a 3 l ;Sren≥ w;aye¯ula ,nd fok ,°' ta wkqj ãi,a
i|yd w∞< ;Sre n≥ wkqmd;slh ,Sgrhg remsh,a 12 ls'
- fmg%,a wdkhkh i|yd ,Sgrhg remsh,a 10 l ;Sren≥ w;aye¯ula ,nd fok ,°' ta wkqj
fmg%,a i|yd w∞< ;Sre n≥ wkqmd;slh ,Sgrhg remsh,a 25 ls'
wdkhk jákdlu
2016 udr®;= 01 - ksIamdolhd úiska m%ldYs; ñ, mokï lrf.k" fr®.= wOHlaI ckrd,a úiska jdykhl
wdkhk jákdlu ;SrKh ls¯u fjkqjg" fudagr® jdykj, fr®.= jákdlu ;SrKh ls¯u
i|yd 2016 udr®;= 01 †k ksl=;a lrk ,o .eiÜ m;% wxl 1956$17 ^⁄ whs;uh& ys i|yka
m˙† my; úl,am w;=˙ka jákdlñka jeä w.h i,ld n,kq ,efí'
^w& ksIamdolhd úiska m%ldYs; ñ, mokï lrf.k" fr®.= wOHlaI ckrd,a úiska ;SrKh
lrkq ,nk jákdlu
^wd& bkafjdhsia lrk ,o kej f;la fkdñf,a (FOB) jdykfha jákdlu

309
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

2016 uehs 26 - fudagr® jdykj, wdkhk jákdlu .Kkh ls¯u i|yd 2016 udr®;= 01 †k ksl=;a lrk
,o wxl 1956$17 ork .eiÜ m;%h ^whs;u wxl ^⁄&&" 2016 uehs 25 †k ksl=;a lrk ,o
.eiÜ m;% wxl 1968$11 u.ska my; wdldrhg ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°'
^w& wÆ;au jdykhla i|yd .kqfokq jákdlu tlS jdykfha ksIamdolhd úiska ksl=;a
lrk ,o fyda ksIamdolhd úiska iy;sl lrk ,o bkafjdishla u.ska ;yjqre l<
hq;=h'
^wd& wfkl=;a fudagr® r: i|yd .kqfokq jákdlu tu jr®.fha fyda Bg iEu w;skau
iudk wÆ;au jdykhl jákdlñka ishhg 82'5 lg jvd fkdwvq úh hq;=h'
2016 cqks 14 - fudagr® jdykj, wdkhk jákdlu .Kkh ls¯u i|yd 2016 uehs 25 †k ksl=;a lrk ,o
wxl 1968$11 ork .eiÜ m;%h ^whs;u wxl ^⁄& ^wd&&" 2016 cqks ui 14 †k ksl=;a lrk ,o
.eiÜ m;% wxl 1971$10 u.ska my; wdldrhg ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°'
wfkl=;a fudagr® r: i|yd .kqfokq jákdlu tu jdykh wmkhkh lrk rfgys
tu jr®.fhau fyda tlS jdykhg iEu w;skau iudk wÆ;au jdykhl .kqfokq l<
jákdlñka ishhg 85 lg jvd fkdwvq úh hq;=h'
;jo" Y%S ,xldfõ jrdh olajd jdykh <`.d jk f;la .ekqïlre úiska ork ,o ;e/õ
.dia;= iy úl=Kqï fldñia ^whs;u 5& o fudagr® jdykhl wdkhk jákdlu .Kkh ls¯u
i|yd we;=<;a lrk ,°'
fiia noao
2016 cqks 15 - wuq rnr® wmkhkh i|yd jQ fiia noao lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 4 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a
15 olajd jeä lrk ,°'
- ixfhda‚; jr®.SlrK wxl 02'01" 02'02" 02'04" 02'06" 02'07 iy 02'10 hgf;a uia wdkhkh
i|yd jQ fiia noao ishhg 30 fyda lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 225 isg ishhg 15 fyda lsf,da.%Euhg
remsh,a 100 olajd wvq lrk ,°'
2016 wf.daia;= 24 - îã fld< wdkhkh i|yd wh l< fiia noao lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 350 isg lsf,da.%Euhg
remsh,a 2"000 olajd jeä lrk ,°'
úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao
2016 ckjd˙ 21 - Wïn,lv" úh<s yd,aueiaika" uqx weg" W∫" ñ˙ia" fld;a;u,a,s îc" ly" W∫ msá iy
áka udΩ wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla i|yd
n,meje;afjk m˙† °r®> lrk ,°'
2016 ckjd˙ 29 - b˙`.= iy bo,a b˙`.= weg ^fida.ï& wdkhkh i|yd wh l< ishhg 10 la jQ úfYaI fj<|
NdKav noao 2016 fmnrjd˙ 29 olajd n,meje;afjk m˙† °r®> lrk ,°'
- Ydluh fïo iy f;,a yd tajdhska b;s˙ jQ fldgia wdkhkh i|yd wh l< lsf,da.%Euhg
remsh,a 175 la jQ úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao 2016 wfm%,
a a 28 olajd n,meje;afjk m˙† °r®>
lrk ,°'
2016 udr®;= 01 - wr®;dm,a wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi y;rl ld,hla i|yd
n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 15 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 35 olajd jeä
lrk ,°'
- fndïnhs ΩEkq wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi y;rl ld,hla
i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 5 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 25 olajd jeä
lrk ,°'
2016 udr®;= 08 - uelr,a ^udΩ&" uE jr®.fha weg" fldKav lv," lõms" l=rlalka" udc˙ka" iSks iy t<jΩ
f;,a wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla i|yd
n,meje;afjk m˙† °r®> lrk ,°'
2016 wfm%a,a 02 - lrj," fhda.Ü" fj~re" ls˙j,ska ksmojQ ;ejreï" r;= ΩEkq" iq≥ ΩEkq" wÆ;a f∞vï" ñ†"
wem,a" iQ≥re îc" uy≥re îc" WΩyd,a weg" l=rlalka msá" fmd;= y˙k ,o rglcq" wn weg
iy ÆKq wdkhk i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla i|yd
n,meje;afjk m˙† °r®> lrk ,°'

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2016 uehs 13 - t<jΩ f;,a wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla i|yd
n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 20 lska jeä lrk ,°'
- fïo m%;sY;h ishhg 80 la fyda Bg jeä udc˙ka wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<|
NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 175 isg
lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 195 olajd jeä lrk ,°'
- udc˙ka ^wfkl=;a& wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla
i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 275 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 295 olajd
jeä lrk ,°'
2016 uehs 21 - wÆ;a" YS; l< fyda wêYS; l< uiqka" uhsiQr® m˙mamq ^r;= m˙mamq&" ly m˙mamq" rg b¢ iy
iQ≥re îc wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla i|yd
n,meje;afjk m˙† °r®> lrk ,°'
- r;= ΩEkq wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla i|yd
n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 5 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 25 olajd jeä lrk
,°'
- uy≥re îc wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla i|yd
n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 52 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 162 olajd jeä
lrk ,°'
2016 cqks 17 - t<jΩ f;,a wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla i|yd
n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 20 lska jeä lrk ,°'
- udc˙ka ^wfkl=;a& wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla
i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 295 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 315 olajd
jeä lrk ,°'
- mdï Tf,aka wdkhkh i|yd udi yhl ld,hla i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg
remsh,a 155 la jQ úfYaI fj<| NdKav noaola mkjk ,°'
2016 cQ,s 01 - wr®;dm,a iy fndïnhs ΩEkq wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi ;=kl
ld,hla i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† °r®> lrk ,°'
- b˙`.= iy b|,a b˙`.= weg ^fida.ï& wdkhkh i|yd ishhg 10 la jQ úfYaI fj<| NdKav
noaola udi ;=kl ld,hla i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† mkjk ,°'
2016 cQ,s 19 - Wïn,lv" úh<s yd,aueiaika" uqx weg" W∫" ñ˙ia" fld;a;u,a,s weg" ly" W∫ msá iy
áka udΩ wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla i|yd
n,meje;afjk m˙† °r®> lrk ,°'
- iSks wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla i|yd
n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 30 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 0'25 olajd wvq
lrk ,°'
2016 wf.daia;= 20 - fndïnhs ΩEkq wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla
i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 25 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 40 olajd
jeä lrk ,°'
2016 wf.daia;= 25 - wr®;dm,a wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla i|yd
n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 35 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 40 olajd jeä
lrk ,°'
2016 iema;eïnr® 08 - uelr,a ^udΩ&" uE jr®.fha weg" fldKav lv," lõms iy l=rlalka wdkhkh i|yd wh
l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† °r®> lrk
,°'
2016 iema;eïnr® 16 - iSks wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla i|yd
n,meje;afjk m˙† my; wdldrhg jeä lrk ,°'
- iq≥ iaMállD; iSks lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 0'25 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 2 olajd
- wfkl=;a iSks lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 0'25 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 15 olajd

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2016 iema;eïnr® 30 - r;= iy ly m˙mamq wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla
i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† my; wdldrhg jeä lrk ,°'
- iïmQr®K ^msh,s fkdl<& m˙mamq lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 0'25 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 5
olajd
- msh,s l< m˙mamq lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 0'25 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 10 olajd
2016 Tlaf;danr® 02 - lrj," fhda.Ü" fj`vre" ls˙j,ska ksmojQ ;ejreï" iq≥ ΩEkq" wÆ;a f∞vï" ñ†" wem,a"
WΩyd,a weg" l=rlalka msá" fmd;= y˙k ,o rglcq" wn weg iy ÆKq wdkhkh i|yd wh
l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† °r®> lrk
,°'
2016 fkdjeïnr® 08 - YSr®Ifha lgq .e,jQ uiqka yer wÆ;a fyda YS; l< uiqka wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI
fj<| NdKav noao ishhg 10 fyda lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 50 hk foflka jvd jeä n≥
m%udKfha isg ishhg 10 fyda lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 75 hk foflka jvd jeä n≥ m%udKh
olajd udi yhl ld,hla i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† jeä lrk ,°'
- uqx weg wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla i|yd
n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 10 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 40 olajd jeä
lrk ,°'
- my; i|yka fj<| NdKav wdkhkh i|yd úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao mkjk ,°'
- uex.=iaáka ^wÆ;a iy úh<s& i|yd lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 200
- f∞vï ^úh<s& i|yd lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 2"000
- fmhdr®ia i|yd lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 175
- fp¯ia i|yd lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 250
- ma,ïia iy iaf,daia i|yd lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 200
- lsù µDDÜ i|yd lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 175
- ixfhda‚; jr®.SlrK YSr®I wxl 0810'90'99 hgf;a jk wfkl=;a m<;=re ^wÆ;a& i|yd
lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 200
2016 fkdjeïnr® 11 - iaMállD; iq≥ Wla iSks iy îÜ iSks wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav
noao b†˙ udi yhl ld,hla i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 2 isg
lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 7 olajd jeä lrk ,°'
2016 fkdjeïnr® 21 - r;= ΩEkq" rg b¢" iQ≥re îc" udc˙kaa iy uy≥re îc wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<|
NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† °r®> lrk ,°'
- úh<s ñ† wdkhkh i|yd lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 230 l úfYaI fj<| NdKav noaola udi
yhl ld,hla i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† mkjk ,°'
2016 foieïnr® 10 - mdï f;,a ^wfkl=;a& wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl
ld,hla i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 170 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a
175 olajd jeä lrk ,°'
- wfkl=;a t<jΩ f;,a jr®. wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl
ld,hla i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† °r®> lrk ,°'
2016 foieïnr® 20 - ;s˙`.= iy bo,a b˙`.= ^fida.ï& weg wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi
yhl ld,hla i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† ishhg 10 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 10 olajd
ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°'
- iaMállD; iq≥ Wla iSks iy îÜ iSks wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao
udi yhl ld,hla i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 7 isg lsf,da.%Euhg
remsh,a 13 olajd jeä lrk ,°'

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2017 ckjd˙ 07 - iïmQr®Kfhka fyda wv jYfhka flgQ rΩ iy,a ^lel=Ω&" kdvq ^r;= fyda iq≥& iy iïnd ^r;=
fyda iq≥& wdkhkh i|yd udi ;=kl ld,hla i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg
remsh,a 15 l úfYaI fj<| NdKav noaola mkjk ,°'
2017 ckjd˙ 19 - Wïn,lv" úh<s yd,aueiaika" W∫" ñ˙ia" fld;a;u,a,s weg" ly" W∫ msá iy áka udΩ
wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla i|yd n,meje;afjk
m˙† °r®> lrk ,°'
- t<jΩ f;,a wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla i|yd
n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 20 lska wvq lrk ,°'
2017 ckjd˙ 28 - iïmQr®Kfhka fyda wv jYfhka flgQ rΩ iy,a ^lel=Ω&" kdvq ^r;= fyda iq≥& iy iïnd
^r;= fyda iq≥& wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao †k 30 l ld,hla i|yd
n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 15 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 5 olajd wvq lrk
,°'
2017 fmnrjd˙ 17 - wr®;dm,a iy fndïnhs ΩEkq wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fjf<| NdKav noao udi
yhl ld,hla i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† °r®> lrk ,°'
- r;= iy ly m˙mamq wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fjf<| NdKav noao udi yhl
ld,hla i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† my; wdldrhg jeä lrk ,°'
- iïmQr®K m˙mamq lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 5 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 10 olajd
- msh,s l< m˙mamq lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 10 isg lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 15 olajd
2017 fmnrjd˙ 24 - t<jΩ f;,a wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fjf<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla
i|yd n,meje;afjk m˙† lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a 20 lska wvq lrk ,°'
2017 fmnrjd˙ 27 - iïmQr®Kfhka fyda wv jYfhka flgQ rΩ iy,a ^lel=Ω&" kdvq ^r;= fyda iq≥& iy iïnd
^r;= fyda iq≥& wdkhkh i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao †k 30 l ld,hla i|yd
n,meje;afjk m˙† °r®> lrk ,°'
2017 udr®;= 08 - uelr,a ^udΩ&" uE jr®.fha weg" fldKav lv," lõms" l=rlalka iy ^iaMállD; iq≥ iSks
yer& iSks i|yd wh l< úfYaI fj<| NdKav noao udi yhl ld,hla i|yd n,meje;afjk
m˙† °r®> lrk ,°'
jrdh iy .=jka f;dgqm< ixjr®Ok noao
2016 ckjd˙ 01 - jrdh iy .=jkaf;dgqm< ixjr®Ok noao ishhg 5 isg ishhg 7'5 olajd jeä lrk ,°'
- bf,lafg%dksla iy úoHq;a whs;u i|yd ishhg 2'5 l iyk∞hS jrdh iy .=jkaf;dgqm<
ixjr®Ok n≥ wkqmd;slhla y∫kajd fok ,°'
- b†ls¯ï" ls˙ ksIamdok iy lDIslr®udka;h i|yd fhd∞ .kakd hka;% iQ;% jrdh iy
.=jkaf;dgqm< ixjr®Ok noafoka ksoyia lrk ,°'
2016 fkdjeïnr® 11 - uqøs; fmd;a" i`.rd" cr®k,a iy jdr i`.rd u; mej;s jrdh iy .=jka f;dgqm, ixjr®Ok
noao bj;a lrk ,°'
- ixfhda‚; jr®.SlrK ixfla; wxl 3926'90'80 iy 9602'00'10 hgf;a jk T!IO ksIamdok
u; jrdh iy .=jka f;dgqm< ixjr®Ok noao ishhg 2'5 olajd wvq lrk ,°'
uqoaor .dia;=
2016 ckjd˙ 01 - Kh ldâm;a foaYSh jYfhka Ndú;d ls¯u u; iEu remsh,a 1"000 lg fyda bka fldgilg
mej;s remsh,a 15 l uqoaor .dia;=j bj;a lrk ,°'
- úfoaYSh ñ,° .ekSï i|yd Kh ldâm;a Ndú;d ls¯fï ° iEu remsh,a 1"000 lg fyda bka
fldgilg mej;s uqoaor .dia;=j remsh,a 25 olajd jeä lrk ,°'
- hï iud.ul hï fldgia ixLHdjla ksl=;a ls¯ula" udre ls¯ula fyda mej¯ula u; ksl=;a
l< hï fldgia iy;slhla i|yd jk uqoaor .dia;= bj;a lrk ,°'

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keõke.Sfï$.=jka.; ùfï n≥
2016 ckjd˙ 01 - keõke.Sfï$.=jka.; ùfï n≥ my; m˙† jeä lrk ,°'
- .=jka hdkhlska Y%S ,xldfjka msg;aj hk ;eke;af;la i|yd t'c' fvd,r® 25 isg t'c'
fvd,r® 30 olajd
- keõ u.ska Y%S ,xldfjka msg;aj hk ;eke;af;la i|yd t'c' fvd,r® 5 isg t'c' fvd,r®
30 olajd
2017 ckjd˙ 01 - keõke.Sfï$.=jka.; ùfï noao t'c' fvd,r® 30 isg t'c' fvd,r® 50 olajd jeä lrk ,°'

.dia;= iy whls¯ï
2016 ckjd˙ 01 - úfoaY .uka n,m;% .dia;=j iy oaú;aj mqrjeisNdjh i|yd jk .dia;=j my; m˙† jeä
lrk ,°'
mej;s .dia;=j kj .dia;=j
^remsh,a& ^remsh,a&
úfoaY .uka n,m;% .dia;=j jeäysá 7"500 10"000
^tla †k fiajh& <ud 3"500 5"000
úfoaY .uka n,m;% .dia;=j jeäysá 2"500 3"000
^idudkH fiajh& <ud 1"500 2"000
oaú;aj mqrjeis wh≥ïm;% .dia;=j 250"000 300"000

- idla rgj,a i|yd jk ùid .dia;=j t'c' fvd,r® 10 isg t'c' fvd,r® 20 olajd jeä lrk
,°'
wfmalaIs; - iud.ï u; jdr®Isl n,m;% .dia;=jla iy iafõÉPdfjka wEjr ls¯fï .dia;=jla mekùu
- hï ;eke;af;l= úiska Widúfha kvqjla mej¯fï ° mejreï .dia;=jla mekùu
- r: jdyk jer†" ia:dksl ov f,i l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd kej; jr®.SlrKh ls¯u
- leisfkda i|yd jk m%fõY .dia;=j bj;a ls¯u
- îä fld< wdkhklrejka u; remsh,a ñ,shk 5 l jdr®Isl n,m;% .dia;=jla mekùu
wfkl=;a
2016 ckjd˙ 01 - ,efnk weu;=ï u; cd;Hka;r ú≥,s ixfoaY kshduk .dia;=j t'c' fvd,r® Y; 9 isg t'c'
fvd,r® Y; 12 olajd jeä lrk ,°'
- jdyk ysñlï noao y∫kajd fok ,°'
- b†ls¯ï lr®udka; wem wruqo,a noao bj;a lrk ,°'
- úfoaYSh u;ameka is,a,rg úls◊h yels iy m%jdykh l< yels Wm˙u iSudj ,Sgr® 7'5 lg
iSud lrk ,°'
2016 wf.daia;= 04 - 2016 wxl 12 ork f;dr;=re ±k .ekSfï whs;sjdislu ms<sn| mk; my; i|yka lreKq
i|yd kS;s.; lrk ,°'
- f;dr;=rej,g m%fõY ùug we;s whs;sjdislu i|yd úêúOdk iemhSu
- f;dr;=re fj; m%fõY ùu m%;slafIam l< yels fya;= ksYaÑ;j ±laùu
- f;dr;=re ±k .ekSfï whs;sjdislu ms<sn| fldñIka iNdj msysgqùu
- f;dr;=re ks,Od¯ka m;a ls¯u
wfmalaIs; - nexl= iy uQ,H wdh;k u.ska is≥ lrk .kqfokq i|yd tu .kqfokqj, uqΩ w.h u;
ishhg 0'05 l uQ,H .kqfokq noaola y∫kajd °u
- rg ;=<g f.kajkq ,nk iy isxy," fou< fyda fjk;a NdIdjlska y~ ljkq ,nk
úfoaYSh fg,s kdgH u; w∞< jk fg,skdgH noao jeä ls¯u
- wka;r®cd, fiajd u; ú≥,s ixfoaY .dia;=j ishhg 10 isg ishhg 25 olajd jeä ls¯u
- isï ldâ u; remsh,a 200 l il%Sh ls¯fï .dia;=jla mekùu

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- ishÆu cx.u ≥rl:k l%shdlrejka fj; Tjqkaf.a há;, myiqlï" 3G myiqlï iemhSu
i|yd m˙jr®;kh ls¯ug udi 6 l ld,hla ,nd fok w;r tu udi 6 l ld,h we;=<;
3G myiqlï iemhSug wfmdfydi;a jk fiajd imhkakka u; †ia;%slalhlg remsh,a
ñ,shk 100 l wêNdrhla mekùu
- ±kg mj;sk jdr®Isl jr®Kdj,s .dia;=j ishhg 25 lska jeä ls¯u
- ksYap, foam< neyer ls¯fï ° Wm,íê jk ,dN u; ishhg 10 l m%d.aOk ,dN noaola
mekùu
- úoHq;a fudagr® r: yd g%elagr® yer wfkl=;a jdyk u; ldnka noaola mekùu
- iqfLdamfNda.S yd wr®O iqfLdamfNda.S fudagr® jdyk noao ixfYdaOkh ls¯u
- lDIsldr®ñl lghq;= i|yd Ndú;d lrkq ,nk .sks wú yer wfkl=;a .sks wú u; remsh,a
20"000 l jdr®Isl n,m;% .dia;=jla mekùu
- ,sysis f;,a" ;dr iy r;a;rka wdkhkh u; n,m;% .dia;=jla wh ls¯u
rdcH úhou
2016 fmnrjd˙ 25 - 2016 ckjd˙ 01 †k isg w†hr mylska hq;= jegqma m˙udKhka l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd rdcH
m˙md,k pl%f,aL wxl 03$2016 ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2016 udr®;= 09 - ù f.dùka i|yd fmdfydr iykdOdrh fjkqjg fylaghdrhlg remsh,a 25"000 l uQ,Huh
°ukdjla jirlg fylaghdr foll Wm˙uhlg hg;aj f.ùu i|yd pl%f,aL wxl 2016
NFS/FCG(1) ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2016 uehs 01 - 2016 ckjd˙ 01 †kg miqj úY%du hk ks,Od¯ka i|yd §w.%ydr /ljrKh¶ kñka kj
rlaIK fhdackd l%uhla msysgqùu i|yd úY%du pl%f,aL wxl 04$2016 ksl=;a lrk ,°'
2016 uehs 03 - f;a" fmd,a iy rnr® i|yd fmdfydr iykdOdrh fjkqjg jirla i|yd" ms<sfj<ska"
fylaghdrhlg remsh,a 15"000" remsh,a 9"000 iy remsh,a 5"000 la jQ uQ,Huh °ukdjla
,nd °u i|yd pl%f,aLhla ksl=;a lrk ,°'
rdcH Kh l<ukdlrKh
2016 ckjd˙ 07 - 2016 jr®Ih i|yd t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"500 l iSudjla olajd Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr
ksl=;a ls¯ug wkque;sh ,nd fok ,°'
2016 fmnrjd˙ 16 - z,xldfilsHq" uOHu ;ekam;= moaO;sfha rcfha iq/l=ïm;aj, ysñld˙;ajh igyka ls¯uZ
ms<sn| pl%f,aLh ksl=;a ls¯u u.ska" 2013 wf.daia;= 01 jk †k ksl=;a lrk ,o ,xldfiÜ,a
moaO;shg w∞< kS;s¯;Skag ^fjΩu 2'1& wkql+,j ishÆ iyNd.S;aj wdh;khkays jHdmdr
fufyhqï lghq;= is≥ lrk f,i kshu lrk ,°'
2016 udr®;= 13 - Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlrj, wdfhdackh l< yels wju iSudj t'c' fvd,r® 100"000 isg
t'c' fvd,r® 10"000 olajd wvq lrk ,°'
2016 wfm%a,a 07 - foaYSh NdKavd.dr ì,am;a wd« mk;" ,shdm†xÑ ialkaO yd iq/l=ïm;a wd« mk; wkqj
yd wfkl=;a úêúOdkhkag wkqj Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ rdcH Kh wêld¯$f,aLldêld¯
úiska is≥ lrk ,o m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka yd wfkl=;a iyNd.sjkakka ms<sn| iqm¯laIK
yd kshduk ldr®hhka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaIl fj; mjrk ,°'
2016 wf.daia;= 01 - Y%S ,xldj i|yd ksr®udKh lrk ,o í¨ïnr®.a (Bloomberg) fj<| moaO;sh ^ia:djr wd∞hï
ñ, .Kka ±laùfï msgqj& ishÆu m%d:ñl wf,úlrejkag my; i|yka lr®;jHhka i|yd
fhd∞ .ekSug kshu lrñka pl%f,aLhla ksl=;a lrk ,°'
- m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka w;r is≥ lrkq ,nk ishÆu ysñlï mejrE .kqfokq is≥ ls¯u
- m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka fkdjk wdfhdaclhka iu`. lrk ,o remsh,a ñ,shk 50 blau
jQ tla tla ysñlï mejrE t;eka .kqfokqj, M,∞ wkqmd;slh yd m%udKh ñks;a;=
30 la we;=<; jdr®;d ls¯u

315
 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j | jdr®Isl jdr®;dj 2016

316
fojeks fldgi
 fojeks fldgi
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

msgqj

1' .sKqïlrK iy uQ,H 1

2' nexl= wëlaIK 65
3' nexl= ú≥ msfhi 68
4' ikaksfõok 69
5' jHjydr uqo,a 71
6' foaYSh lghq;= 74
7 wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK 77
8' fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo, 82
9' úksuh md,kh 86
10' myiqlï l<ukdlrK 91
11' uQ,H lghq;
= 91
12' uQ,H nqoaê tAllh 93
13' udkj iïm;a 95
14' f;dr;=re ;dlaIK 100
15' wNHka;r ú.Kk 102
16' cd;Hka;r fufyhqï 103
17' kS;s iy wkql+,;d lghq;= 106
18' idr®j úplaIK;d wOHhk 106
19' f.ùï iy mshùï 107
20' m%;sm;a;s iudf,dapk iy ks¯laIK 110
21' rdcH Kh 111
22' m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok 113
23' m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd, l<ukdlrK 118
24' wj∞kï l<ukdlrK 119
25' f,alï fomdr®;fïka;=j 121
26' wdrlaIl fiajd 122
27' ldr®h uKav, fiajd l<ukdlrK 123
28' ixLHdk 124
29' laIqø uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK 128
30' nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK 129
31' mqyqKq yd ixjr®Ok 134
II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

1' .sKqïlrK iy uQ,H

uqo,a uKav, WmfoaYk ú.Kk lñgqfõ 2016 jir i|yd l%shdldÍ jd¾;dj

1' ye¢kaùu
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ ú.Kk lñgqj 2001 jifr® ° ia:dms; l< w;r 2009 jifr® ° th uqo,a uKav, WmfoaYk
ú.Kk lñgqj f,i kej; kï lrk ,°' lñgqj úiska m%;sm;a;s iy nexl=fõ uQ,H jdr®;dlrKh" wNHka;r md,k
iy wj∞kï l<ukdlrK moaO;s" wkql+,;d" wNHka;r ú.Kk iy ndysr ú.Kk hk lafIa;%hkays ú.Kkhg w∞<
lreKq ms<sn|j uqo,a uKav,hg WmfoaY ,nd°u is≥ lrhs' lñgqfjys ksr®foaY iy l%shdld˙;ajh ldr®;=uh jdr®;d u.ska
iy wjYH m˙† wksl=;a wjia:djkays ° uqo,a uKav,fha i,ld ne,Su i|yd jdr®;d lrkq ,nhs'

2' uqo,a uKav, WmfoaYk ú.Kk lñgqfõ ixhq;sh

uqo,a uKav, WmfoaYk ú.Kk lñgqfõ iNdm;s jYfhka uqo,a uKav,fhka m;a lrk ,o idud‚lhl= lghq;= lrk
w;r tys fiiq idud‚lhka f,i ndysr ú.Kk jD;a;Shfõ°ka fofofkla lghq;= lr;s' uqo,a uKav,fha f,alï" uqo,a
uKav, WmfoaYk ú.Kk lñgqfõ o f,alï OQrh Wiq,kq ,nk w;r wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI
lñgqfõ iyldr f,alï f,i lghq;= lrhs' lñgqfõ f,aLk lghq;= i|yd wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=j myiqlï
i,ikq ,nhs' ú.Kldêm;s fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ksfhda‚;fhl=" ks¯laIlfhl= f,i lñgq /iaùïj,g iyNd.s fõ'

uqo,a uKav, WmfoaYk ú.Kk lñgqj uqo,a uKav,fha w;=re lñgqjla jk w;r 2016 foieïnr® ui 31 †kg ixhq;sh
my; m˙† fõ'

i) ta'tka'fµdkafiald uy;d - iNdm;s ^2016'08'16 isg l%shd;aul jk m˙†&

ii) tï'wdr®'ñyq,d^r®& uy;d - idud‚l
iii) ta'tï'f–'meá%la uy;añh - idud‚l
uqo,a uKav,fha ysgmq idud‚lfhl= jq wdr®'ta'ch;siai uy;d 2016'05'24 †k olajd lñgqfõ iNdm;s f,i fiajh l<
w;r uqo,a uKav,fha idud‚lfhl= jk tï'rdukdoka uy;añh 2016'05'25 †k isg 2016'08'15 olajd iNdm;s OQrh orK
,°' lñgq /iaùïj,g iyNd.s jk wfkl=;a ks,Od¯ka f,i Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wkql+,;d ks,Od¯ iy wNHka;r
ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=fõ w∞< ks,Od¯ka iyNd.S fj;s' lñgqfõ iNdm;s úiska fomdr®;fïka;= m%OdkSka wjYH jQ
úg le|ùï lrkq ,nhs' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uQ,H m%ldYk ms<sn|j idlÉPd ls¯fï ° Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ m%Odk
.Kldêld¯ iy ú.Kldêm;s úiska m;al< ú.Kk wdh;kfha Y%S ,xld uy nexl= ndysr ú.Kkh i|yd wkqhqla;
lr we;s yjq,alre o lñgqjg iyNd.S fj;s'

lñgqj wju jYfhka jirlg yh ^06& j;djla tys iNdm;sf.a ;SrKh u; fyda uqo,a uKav,fha úOdkhka u; /iaúh
hq;=h' lñgqfõ f,alï úiska lñgq /iaùï le|jkq ,nhs' /iaùula i|yd wjYH .K mQr®Kh jkqfha iNdm;s we;=Ω
idud‚lhka fofofkls'

3' 2016 jif¾ § l%shd;aul l< ld¾hhka

2016 jir ;=< ° /iaùï wgla ^08& meje;ajQ lñgqj my; lreKqj,g w∞<j uqo,a uKav,h fj; ksr®foaYhka b†˙m;a
lrk ,°'

w& uQ,H jdr®;dlrKh(

lñgqj úiska"
i) 2015 jir i|yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uQ,H m%ldYk ú.Kkh u; ksl=;a lrk ,o w;=re ks¯laIK
m;%sldj iudf,dapkh lr .sKqïlrK m%;sm;a;Skag is≥ l< hq;= fjkialï" iqúfYaIS .kqfokq i|yd
.sKqïlrKfha ° mj;akd fjk;a l%u iy nexl=fõ uQ,H jdr®;djkays fy<sorõ ls¯fuys meye†,s nj
jeä†hqKq ls¯fï ksr®foaY uqo,a uKav,h fj; b†˙m;a lrk ,°'
ii) 2015 jr®Ih i|yd l<ukdld¯;aj ,smsh iudf,dapkh lr Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ldr®hhka yd l%shd
mámdàkays wNHka;r md,khka jeä†hqKq ls¯ug wjYH .sKqïlrK m%;sm;a;Skag iy .sKqïlrK
l%uhkag is≥ l< hq;= fjkialï ms<sn|j ksr®foaY b†˙m;a lrk ,°'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 1

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

wd& wNHka;r md,khka iy wj∞kï l<ukdlrK moaO;s

lñgqj úiska jHjydr uqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j" cd;Hka;r fufyhqï fomdr®;fïka;=j wd° úúO fomdr®;fïka;=j,
wNHka;r md,khka iy wj∞kï l<ukdlrK moaO;Skays m%udKj;a nj iy iM,;dj iudf,dapkh lr
w∞< Wmfoia ,nd fok ,°'
we& wkql+,;dj(
lñgqj úiska"

i) uQ,H jdr®;dlrKfha fyda Bg w∞< lreKq iïnkaOj is≥úh yels jer† ms<sn| jdr®;d ls¯ug fiajd
kshqla;slhka iy ndysr mdr®Yjhkag wjldY ,nd foñka mj;akd wNHka;r md,khka iudf,dapkh lr
Wmfoia ,ndfok ,°'

ii) wNHka;r md,khkays iM,;djh we.hSu i|yd jk l%shdmámdàka ms<sn|j iudf,dapkh lr Wmfoia
,nd fok ,°'

wE& wNHka;r ú.Kkh(

lñgqj úiska

i) wNHka;r ú.Kk wêld¯ m;%h iudf,dapkh lr ixfYdaOkh lrk ,o w;r tfia ixfYdaOkh lrk
,o wêld¯ m;%h i|yd uqo,a uKav,fha wkque;sh ,nd .kakd ,°'

ii) w∞< jk jD;a;Sh m%ñ;Skag wkql+,j ldr®hlaIuj wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ldr®hhka is≥
lrk nj ;yjqre lr .ekSu i|yd ms<s.;a iajdëk ndysr ú.Klfhl= úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o ndysr
.=Kd;aulNdjh iudf,dapk jdr®;dj m¯laId lr n,k ,°'

iii) wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=j fhd∞.kq ,nk wj∞ku mokï jQ ú.Kk l%ufõoh iudf,dapkh
lrk ,°'

iv) wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska ms<sfh< lrk ,o jdr®Isl wNHka;r ú.Kk ie,iqu iy ;=ka
wjqre≥ Wmdh udr®.sl ú.Kk ie,iqu iudf,dapkh lr uqo,a uKav,fha wkque;sh ,nd .kakd ,°'

v) wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska fomdr®;fïka;= m%OdkSka yg fmkajd ≥ka ks¯laIKhka u; jQ

ksr®foaYhka l%shd;aul ls¯fï m%.;sh iy miq úmrï ;;a;ajhka iudf,dapkh lrk ,°'

vi) wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska f;dr;=rej,g ksis f,i m%fõY ùu ms<sn| m%udKj;a nj
;lafiare fldg ta iïnkaOj uqo,a uKav,hg ksr®foaY b†˙m;a lrk ,°'

vii) wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ldr®hhkays úIh m:h ixfYdaOkh lrñka fï olajd is≥ lrk ,o
mQr®j ú.Kk i;Hdmk ldr®hhka kj;d ±óu iy ta fjkqjg wj∞ku mokï lr.;a ú.Kk msúiqu
hgf;a t;eka" y†is iy m¯laId wdfõlaIKh (test check) y∫kajd °u is≥ lrk ,°'

viii) wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=j i;= iïm;ays m%udKj;a nj iudf,dapkh lr tu fomdr®;fïka;=j

i|yd YlH;d ixjr®Ok jevms<sfj<la idlÉPd lrk ,°'

b& ndysr ú.Kkh(

lñgqj úiska"

i) 2015 jir i|yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uQ,H m%ldYk ú.Kkh u; ksl=;a lrk ,o w;=re ks¯laIK
m;%sldj" thg imhk ,o l<ukdld¯;ajfha m%;spdr iy ndysr ú.Kkfha ksr®foaYhka iudf,dapkh
lrk ,°'

ii) 2015 jir i|yd l<ukdld¯;aj ,smsh" thg l<ukdld¯;ajfha m%;spdr iy ndysr ú.Kkfha ksr®foaYhka
iudf,dapkh lrk ,°'

4' uqo,a uKav, WmfoaYk ú.Kk lñgqfõ rduqjg ixfYdaOkhka

lñgq /iaùï lsysmhl ° iudf,dapkh l< uqo,a uKav, WmfoaYk ú.Kk lñgqfõ rduqj ixfYdaOkh lrk ,o w;r
thg 2016 iema;eïnr® ui ° uqo,a uKav,fha wkque;sh ,nd.kakd ,°'

II fldgi - 2 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
2016 foieïn¾ 31 Èkg l<ukdldß;aj m%ldYh
iajlSh wruqKqj,g wod,j YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqïlghq;= Ndjh iy uQ,H ld¾hidOkh
YS% ,xldfõ uqo,a" uQ,H iy f.ùï moaO;s m˙md,kh"
wëlaIKh iy kshdukh ls¯u i|yd j.lsjhq;=
wêld˙h f,i uy nexl=j uqo,a kS;s mk; hgf;a
ia:dms; lrk ,°' tu mkf;a úêúOdk m˙† m%Odk
mrudr®:hka jk wdr®:ßl iy ñ, ia:dhs;djh yd uQ,H
moaO;s ia:dhs;djh idlaId;a lr .ekSfï j.lSu nexl=j
fj; mej¯ we;'
tneúka" uy nexl=fõ .sKqïlghq;=Ndjh iy tlS
fufyhqï j, idr®:l;ajh jkafka tu m%Odk
mrudr®:hka lrd <Ûdùu i|yd jk m%;sm;a;s yd
fufyhqï j, iM,;djh úkd tys ,dN∞hS;ajh
fkdjkafkah' uy nexl=j" fjk;a mqoa.,sl fyda
rdcH wdh;kj,ska fjka fldg y∫kd .efkk uQ,sl
,laIKh kï fuu jHjia:dms; mrudr®:hkah' fmd<S
wkqmd;h iy úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;h flfrys n,mdk
uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ls%hdudr®.hka u.ska ,dN ckkh ls¯fï
woaú;Sh yelshdjla uynexl=j i;= neúka nexl=j úiska
,dN∞hs;aj m%fõYhla wkq.ukh lf<a kï ,dN ckkh
jk w;r m%Odk mrudr®: fkdi,ld ye¯ula jkq we;'
tneúka uy nexl=fõ wdr®:ßl yd ñ, ia:dhs;d uQ,H
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
moaO;s ia:dhs;d mrudr®:hka" ,dN∞hs;d wruqKq j,ska
úhqla; l<hq;= w;r th yqfola wdkqYdx.sl wruqKla
úhhq;= jkafkah'
uy nexl=fõ m%;sm;a;s fufyhqï" úksuh wkqmd;
l<ukdlrKh" uqo,a fkdaÜgq ksl=;=j wd†h ls%hd;aul
ls¯fï m%;sM," Wm,íê jákdlï uy nexl=fõ uQ,H
m%ldYkhkays w∞, .sKqïlrK iy jdr®;dlrK
m%ñ;hkag wkql+,j igyka lrk w;r" fuh iuia;
rdcH .sKqïlrK lghq;=Ndjfhka fldgila idlaId;a
lr .ekSula f,i uQ,H .sKqïlrK lghq;=Ndjh
i|yd moku imhkq ,nk w;r" fuu m%ldYhkays
jdr®;d lr we;s uQ,H ldr®hidOkh iy wjfndaO lr
.ekSu tu miq;,fha msysgd l<hq;=h'
uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 42 yd 43 j.ka;s m%ldr ú.Kldêm;s
úiska lrkq ,nk ndysr ú.Kkhlg YS% ,xld uy
nexl=j Ndckh fõ' cd;Hka;r uQ,H jdr®;dlrK
m%ñ;hkag wkql+, njg iy;sl ùu i|yd cd;Hka;r
ú.Kl m%ñ;hkag wkql+,j ú.Kkhla ls¯u i|yd
wr®kaiaÜ iy hx.a jr,;a .Kldêld¯jrekaf.a fiajh
ú.Kldêm;s;=ud úiska ,ndf.k we;'
II fldgi - 3
II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j

2016 foieïn¾ 31 jeks Èkg uQ,H ;;aj m%ldYkh

2016 2015
igyk
re' 000 re' 000
j;alï
úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï
uqo,a iy uqo,a iudkhka 423,783,737 557,474,685
,dN fyda w,dN u; idOdrK ñ,g we;s iq/l=ïm;a 5 43,278,755 35,779,665
úl=Kqï i|yd jq wdfhdack 5 348,544,650 352,054,482
jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK 6 198,880 4,145
cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, ^cd'uq'w'& iïnkaO j;alï 7 117,008,340 83,636,350
wksl=;a ,eìh hq;= ≤ 6,175,049 5,075
uqΩ úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï 938,989,411 1,028,954,402
foaYSh uQ,H j;alï
Y%S ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a 8 351,426,470 102,866,995
rchg fok ,o ld,Sk w;a;sldrï 9 83,306,771 151,131,671
nexl= i`oyd fok ,o Kh 10 484,043 886,357
uQ,H iy wksl=;a wdh;khkays ysñlre m%d.aOk wdfhdack 11 41,095 41,095
wksl=;a j;alï 12 12,322,596 11,164,424
uqΩ foaYSh uq,H j;alï 447,580,975 266,090,542
uqΩ uQ,H j;alï 1,386,570,386 1,295,044,944
úfoaYSh uQ,H fkdjk j;alï
rka 13 111,009,339 97,723,836
uQ,H fkdjk j;alï
f;d.h 14 6,114,861 3,419,964
wfkl=;a ,eìh hq;= oE yd l,ska f.ùï 7,226,801 14,347,811
foam, ms˙h; iy WmlrK 15 18,132,390 15,422,315
wiamDYH j;alï 16 156,320 240,610
uqΩ uQ,H fkdjk j;alï 142,639,711 131,154,536
uqΩ j;alï 1,529,210,097 1,426,199,480
nerlï iy ysñlre m%d.aOkh
úfoaYSh uQ,H nerlï
nexl= iy uQ,H wdh;k 17 45,566,681 12,048,241
jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK 6 14,573,675 24,280,308
wdishdkq ksYaldIK ix.uh 18 79,863,615 68,887,459
cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, ^cd'uq'w'& 19 269,540,596 251,644,344
wksl=;a 20 96,250,032 217,924,142
uqΩ úfoaYSh uQ,H nerlï 505,794,599 574,784,494
foaYSh uQ,H nerlï
nexl= iy uQ,H wdh;k úiska ;ekam;= 21 303,251,290 181,726,732
rch iy rcfha wdh;k úiska ;ekam;= 22 450,884 428,142
m%;sñ,° .ekSfï tl`.;djh u; wf,ú l< iq/l=ïm;a 23 70,054,436 105,491,006
fiajl m%;s,dN ie,iqïj, fYaIhka 24 51,744 7,212
ixirKfhys mj;sk uqo,a 25 552,777,865 491,699,948
wksl=;a f.úh hq;= ≤ 26 8,563,548 6,824,992
uqΩ foaYSh uq,H nerlï 935,149,767 786,178,032
uqΩ uQ,H nerlï 1,440,944,366 1,360,962,526
wksl=;a nerlï
ú,ïNS; m%∞k 27 80 106
úY%du jegqma yd wfkl=;a mYapd;a /lshd m%;s,dN ie,iqï 45 2,429,153 10,942,541
úúO nerlï iy WmÑ;hka 28 193,297 199,325
uqΩ wksl=;a nerlï 2,622,530 11,141,972
uqΩ nerlï 1,443,566,896 1,372,104,498
ysñlre m%d.aOkh
m%d.aOk wruqo, 50,000,000 50,000,000
ixÑ; 35,643,201 4,094,982
uqΩ ysñlre m%d.aOkh 85,643,201 54,094,982
uqΩ nerlï iy ysñlre m%d.aOkh 1,529,210,097 1,426,199,480

fuu uQ,H m%ldYhka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wêm;s iy m%Odk .Kldêld¯ úiska 2017 udr®;= 07 jeks †k uqo,a uKav,h fjkqfjka ksl=;a ls¯u i|yd wkqu; lrk ,°'

wdpdr®h bkaø‚;a l=udriajdñ - wêm;s tï'whs' iqµshdka - m%Odk .Kldêld¯

msgq wxl 11 isg 64 olajd we;s .sKqïlrK m%;sm;a;s yd igyka fuu uQ,H m%ldYkj, fldgila fõ'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 7

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j

2016 foieïn¾ 31 Èfkka wjika ld,mßÉfþoh i|yd
wdÞhï m%ldYkh
2016 2015
igyk
re' 000 re' 000
fufyhqï wd∞hu(
úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï wdY%s; wd∞hu
fmd<S wd∞hu 31 14,869,835 13,047,314
Wm,íê fkdjq m%;Hd.Kkhkaf.ka jdish$^mdvqj& 32 9,739,043 (34,853,795)
ñ, fjkiaùïj,ska Wm,íê jdish 1,755,321 6,686,252
úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alïj,ska uqΩ wd∞hu 26,364,199 (15,120,229)
úfoaYSh uQ,H nerlï wdY%s; úhoï
fmd<S úhou 33 (3,953,835) (3,622,737)
úfoaYSh uQ,H nerlï wdY%s; uqΩ úhou (3,953,835) (3,622,737)
Y=oaO úfoaY úksuh m%;Hd.Kk jdish $ ^mdvqj& (6,775,246) 10,589,267
úfoaYSh uQ,H wdfhdack wd∞hu $ ^mdvqj& 15,635,118 (8,153,699)
foaYSh uQ,H j;alï wdY%s; wd∞hu
fmd<S wd∞hu 31 21,020,691 9,323,553
fmd<S úhou 33 (2,197,815) (8,919,984)
foaYSh uQ,H j;alï wdY%s; uqΩ wd∞hu $ ^úhou& 18,822,876 403,569
wksl=;a wd∞hï 34 1,508,261 1,577,442
uqΩ Y=oaO fufyhqï wd∞hu $ ^mdvqj& 35,966,255 (6,172,688)
fufyhqï úhoï (
fiajl uKav, úhoï ( 35
- jegqma iy fõ;k (4,258,884) (4,201,583)
- ksYaÑ; ∞hl ie,iqï ms˙jeh (629,786) (629,357)
- mYapd;a fiajl m%;s,dN ie,iqï msrsjeh i|yd jQ odhl;ajh (1,479,963) (1,329,578)
(6,368,633) (6,160,518)
laIhùï iy l%ulaIh (520,961) (557,158)
f;d. ms˙jeh ^kj uqo,a ksl=;= ms˙jeh& (3,076,747) (3,311,761)
m˙md,k iy wksl=;a úhoï 36 (1,468,009) (1,611,537)
ia:djr j;alï m%;Hd.Kk w,dN (378,907) -
j;alï u; ydkSlrK .dia;= (139,131) -
uqΩ fufyhqï úhoï (11,952,388) (11,640,974)
n≥ j,g fmr ,dNh $ ^w,dNh& 24,013,867 (17,813,662)
r|jd .ekSï u; noao 37 (1,834,348) (1,788,157)
jr®Ih i|yd Y=oaO ,dNh$^w,dNh& 22,179,519 (19,601,819)

msgq wxl 11 isg 64 olajd we;s .sKqïlrK m%;sm;a;s yd igyka fuu uQ,H m%ldYkj, fldgila fõ'

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j

2016 foieïn¾ 31 ka wjika jQ ld,mßÉfþoh i|yd
úia;SrK wdodhï m%ldYkh
2016 2015
re' 000 re' 000
jr®Ih i`oyd jQ Y=oaO ,dNh$^w,dNh& 22,179,519 (19,601,819)
wfkl=;a úia;SrK wdodhï
miq ld,m˙Éf√ofha ,dN$^w,dN& j,g kej; jr®.SlrKh úh hq;= úia;SrK wd∞hu
úl=Kqï iq/l=ïm;a i|yd jQ Y=oaO idOdrK jákdlu ,dNh$^w,dNh& 2,022,241 (624,957)
miq ld,m˙Éf√ofha ,dN$^w,dN& j,g kej; jr®.SlrKh fkdúh hq;= úia;SrK wd∞hu
foam, ms˙h; WmlrK m%;Hd.Kk ,dN 3,036,305 -
úia;SrK wd∞hug .,mk ,o mYapd;a fiajd m%;s,dN ie,iqï úhou 9,485,849 (7,257,078)
uqΩ úia;SrK wd∞hu$^w,dNh& 36,723,914 (27,483,854)

msgq wxl 11 isg 64 olajd we;s .sKqïlrK m%;sm;a;s yd igyka fuu uQ,H m%ldYkj, fldgila fõ'

II fldgi - 8 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

2016 foieïn¾ 31 Èfkka wjika ld,mßÉfPaoh i|yd
ialkaO m%d.aOkfha fjkiaùï m%ldYkh

wksl=;a
∞hl m%;Hd.Kk ixÑ; rojd.;a
m%d.aOkh ixÑ;h ^igyk 29& ,dN tl;=j
re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re'000
2015 ckjd˙ 1 †kg 50,000,000 5,986,602 31,493,260 (5,768,011) 81,711,851

Y=oaO w,dNh - - - (19,601,819) (19,601,819)

;;ald,Sk o< mshjqï moaO;sh i|yd jq ksOka.; - - 256,478 (256,478) -
wruqo,g mej¯u
wfkl=;a úia;SrK wd∞hfï y∫kd.;a mYapd;a fiajl
- - - (7,257,078) (7,257,078)
m%;s,dN ms˙jeh
Y=oaO úfoaY úksuh m%;Hd.Kk ,dNh udre ls¯u - - 10,589,267 (10,589,267) -
(IRR)
Y%S',x'u'ne' úfYaI ixÑ;j,g udre ls¯u - - - (132,839) (132,839)
úl=Kqï i|yd jQ iq/l=ïm;a ys Y=oaO idOdrK - - (624,957) - (624,957)
jákdlu u; jQ ,dNh$^w,dNh&
Y%S ,xld uy nexl= fiajd∞hl iy úY%du wdm∞ iyk - - - (176) (176)
wruqo,g wruqo,a udre ls¯u
kj úY%du fhdackd l%uh msysgqùug úY%du wruqo,a - - (2,000,000) 2,000,000 -
ixÑ;fhka wruqo,a udre ls¯u
2016 ckjd˙ 1 †kg 50,000,000 5,986,602 39,714,048 (41,605,668) 54,094,982
Y=oaO ,dNh - - - 22,179,519 22,179,519
;;ald,Sk o< mshjqï moaO;sh i|yd jq ksOka.; - - 220,272 (220,272) -
wruqo,g mej¯u
wfkl=;a úia;SrK wd∞hfï y∫kd.;a mYapd;a fiajl - - - 9,485,849 9,485,849
m%;s,dN ms˙jeh
Y=oaO úfoaY úksuh m%;Hd.Kk w,dNh udre ls¯u - - (6,775,246) 6,775,246 -
(IRR)
Y%S',x'u'ne' úfYaI ixÑ;j,g udre ls¯u - - - (175,470) (175,470)
úl=Kqï i|yd jQ iq/l=ïm;a ys Y=oaO idOdrK - - 2,022,241 - 2,022,241
jákdlu u; jQ ,dNh$^w,dNh&
2016 jr®Ihg w∞< wka;r® ,dNhka - - - (5,000,000) (5,000,000)
rchg mej¯u
ia:djr j;alï m%;Hd.Kk ixÑ;hg - 3,036,305 - - 3,036,305
udre ls¯u
Y%S ,xld uy nexl= fiajd∞hl iy úY%du wdm∞ iyk - - - (225) (225)
wruqo,g wruqo,a udre ls¯u
fj<|fmd, m%;Hd.Kk ixÑ;fhka rojd.;a ,dN - - (4,650,806) 4,650,806 -
j,g wruqo,a udre ls¯u
2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg 50,000,000 9,022,907 30,530,509 (3,910,215) 85,643,201

msgq wxl 11 isg 64 olajd we;s .sKqïlrK m%;sm;a;s yd igyka fuu uQ,H m%ldYkj, fldgila fõ'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 9

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j

2016 foieïn¾ 31 osfkka wjika ld,mßÉfPaoh i|yd
uqo,a m%jdy m%ldYkh

igyk 2016 2015

re' 000 re' 000
fufyhqï l%shdldrlïj,ska ,o uqo,a m%jdyhka
,eîï(
,enqKq fmd<sh - úfoaYSh uqo,a 11,097,325 14,641,329
,enqKq fmd<sh - foaYSh uqo,a - wksl=;a 690,326 600,046
øjYS,;d l<ukdlrK iy fjf<| wd∞hï 1,755,321 6,686,252
Wm,íê jq úksuh jdish $ ^mdvqj& (19,001,328) (13,838,368)
,enqKq wksl=;a wd∞hï 1,500,669 1,570,072
(3,957,687) 9,659,331
úh meyeoï(
f.jk ,o fmd<sh - úfoaYSh uqo,a 3,922,805 3,740,805
f.jk ,o fmd<sh - foaYSh uqo,a 2,196,385 10,967,407
fiajlhskag f.ùï 5,464,654 6,267,998
iemhqïlrejkag f.ùï 5,557,729 6,645,579
f.jk ,o n≥ 2,595,700 1,817,747
19,737,273 29,439,536
fufyhqï l%shdldrlï ;=,ska ,o$ ^i|yd Ndú;d l<& Y=oaO uqo,a m%jdyh 38 (23,694,960) (19,780,205)
wdfhdack l%shdldrlïj,ska ,o uqo,a m%jdyhka
,eîï (
wksl=;a foaYSh uQ,H j;alïj, Y=oaO ^jeäùu& $ wvqùu (2,100,302) (823,124)
wksl=;a wdh;kj,g m%∞kh l< Kh iy w;a;sldrï - m%d.aOk whlr.ekSï 890,497 1,523,438
foam<" ms˙h; iy WmlrK úls”ï 709 749
m%;súl=Kqï .súiqï hgf;a ñ,g .;a iq/l=ïm;aj, Y=oaO jeäùu $ ^wvqùu& (35,429,276) (222,787,000)
(36,638,372) (222,085,937)
úh meyeoï (
úfoaY uqo,a iq/l=ïm;aj, Y=oaO jeäùu $ ^wvqùu& (7,066,141) (89,998,376)
wksl=;a úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alïj, Y=oaO jeäùu $ ^wvqùu& 30,222,682 (289,309)
wksl=;a úfoaYSh uQ,H nerlïj, Y=oaO jeäùu $ ^wvqùu& 89,038,712 (139,352,884)
wksl=;a foaYSh ;ekam;= iy f.úh hq;= uqo,aj, Y=oaO jeäùu $ ^wvqùu& (791) 2,274
foam," ms˙h; yd WmlrK ñ,g .ekSï ^m%∞khka wvq ls¯fuka miq& 488,036 1,206,040
wiamDIH j;alï ñ,° .ekSï 1,124 21,627
l,an≥ j;alï ñ,° .ekSï 5,135 14,361
rka f;d.fha Y=oaO jeäùu $ ^wvqùu& - (5,124,212)
wfkl=;a wdh;k fj; ,nd ≥ka Kh yd w;a;sldrï 488,183 920,424
113,176,940 (232,600,055)
wdfhdack l%shdldrlïj,ska ,o$ ^i`oyd Ndú;d l<& Y=oaO uqo,a m%jdyh (149,815,312) 10,514,118
uQ,H l%shdldrlïj,ska ,o uqo,a m%jdyhka
,eîï (
ixirK uqo,a ksl=;=j (595,035,881) (504,508,531)
ixirK uqo,a wdmiq .ekSï 656,113,797 579,313,118
ixirK uqo,a Y=oaO ksl=;=j 61,077,916 74,804,587
úh meyeoï (
rcfha .kqfokq wdY%s; ixirK uqo,a Y=oaO ksl=;=j $ ^wdmiq .ekSï& 39 160,378,295 (23,208,921)
nexl= iy uQ,H wdh;k .kqfokq wdY%s; ixirK uqo,a Y=oaO ksl=;=j $ ^wdmiq .ekSï& 40 (121,524,559) (20,944,825)
ixirK uqo,a Y=oaO ksl=;=j $ ^wdmiq .ekSï& 38,853,736 (44,153,746)
ixirK uqo,a Y=oaO jeäùu$^wvqùu& 22,224,180 118,958,333
úh meyeoï (
úfoaYSh uqo,a ld,Sk nerlï wdmiq f.ùu (13,612,965) 68,788,313
wksl=;a wruqo,a i|yd f.ùu 225 175
rcfha taldnoaO wruqo, i|yd ,dN mej¯u 5,000,000 -
(8,612,740) 68,788,488
uQ,H l%shdldrlï ;=,ska ,o$ ^i|yd Ndú;d l<& Y=oaO uqo,a m%jdyh 30,836,920 50,169,845
uqo,a iy uqo,a iudkhkaf.a Y=oaO jeäùu $ ^wvqùu& (142,673,352) 40,903,760
uqo,a iy uqo,a iudkhka u; jk úksuh wkqmd;hkaf.a n,mEu 8,982,404 29,500,154
jr®Ih wdrïNfha ° uqo,a iy uqo,a iudkhka 557,474,685 487,070,771
foieïnr® 31 †kg uqo,a iy uqo,a iudkhka 41 423,783,737 557,474,685

msgq wxl 11 isg 64 olajd we;s .sKqïlrK m%;sm;a;s yd igyka fuu uQ,H m%ldYkj, fldgila fõ'

II fldgi - 10 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi
2016 foieïn¾ 31 osfkka wjika ld,mßÉfþoh i|yd
uQ,H m%ldYkhkaf.a fldgila f,i lshúh hq;= igyk
1' jd¾;d lsÍfï tallh iy jHjia:dms; moku
YS% ,xldfõ uqo,a" uQ,H iy f.ùï moaO;s m˙md,kh"
wëCIKh iy kshdukh ls¯u i|yd j.lsjhq;= wêld˙h
f,i 1949 wxl 58 orK uqo,a kS;s mk; ^ixfYdaê; m˙†&
hgf;a Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j ^§nexl=j¶ fyda §Y%S',x'u'ne'¶&
wdh;khla f,i ia:dms; lrk ,°' YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
ks;Hj Y%S ,xld m%cd;%dka;%sl iudcjd° ckrch ;=<
msysgqjd we;s w;r" fld<U 01" ckdêm;s udjf;a wxl 30
orK ia:dkfha msysgd we;'
uqo,a uKav,h fjkqfjka YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ wêm;s
iy m%Odk .Kldêld˙ úiska fuu uQ,H m%ldYkhka"
2017 udr®;= 07 jeks †k wkqu; lrk ,°'
2' .sKqïlrK m%;sm;a;s
2'1 ms<sfh, lsÍfï moku
my; i|yka ksYaÑ; .KldêlrK m%;sm;a;sj,ska y∫kajd
° we;s m˙† idOdrK jákdlug w.h lrk ,o bvï"
f.dvke.s,s" rka iy we;eï uQ,H j;alï yer" ft;sydisl
ms˙jeh mokïj fuu uQ,H m%ldYkhka ms<sfh,
lrk ,°'
2'1'1 jd¾;d lsÍfï wdlD;sh
nexl=j úiska uQ,H j;alï iy uQ,H nerlï o tajdg
w∞, wd∞hï iy úhoï udr®. o úfoaYSh uqo,a iy foaYSh
uqo,a l%shdldrlï f,i fjkafldg b†˙m;a lrkq ,efí'
uQ,H ;;a;ajh ms<sn| m%ldYfha j;alï iy nerlï
b†˙m;a ls¯fï ° mqΩ,a jYfhka tla tla jr®.hka hgf;a
øjYS,;djfha ms<sfj,g olajd we;' fuu jdr®;dlrK
m%fõYh u.ska" wxl 4 orK igyfkys úia;rd;aulj
olajd we;s nexl=fõ l%shdldrlï WÑ;j jdr®;d flfrk
nj nexl=fõ woyi fõ'
2'1'2 wkql+,;d m%ldYkh
2016 foieïnr® 31 †fkka wjika jk jr®Ih i|yd
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uQ,H m%ldYkhka cd;Hka;r uQ,H
jdr®;dlrK m%ñ;s ^cd'uq'jd'm%'& m%ldr ms<sfh, lr ;sfí'
tlS uq,H m%ldYk ú.Kldêm;s úiska ú.Kkh lr
kS;suh wjYH;d u; .eiÜ m;%fha m, lr we;' flfia
jqjo" hï hï jr®.SlrK fjkialï fya;=fldgf.k
.eiÜ m;%fha m,lr we;s uQ,H m%ldYk j, we;s w.hka
fuys m%ldYhg m;a lr we;s uQ,H m%ldYk iu`.ska fjkia
úh yel'
2'1'3 jd¾;d lsÍfï uqo,a tallh
fjk;aa wkaoulg olajd fkdue;s kï" ishΩu ixLHd
wdikak;u YS% ,xld remsh,a oyia j,ska ±lafõ'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
2'2 jeo.;a .sKqï ksYaphka iy weia;fïka;=
nexl=fõ uQ,H m%ldYk ilia ls¯u u;" jdr®;d lrk
,o wd∞hï" úhoï" j;alï yd nerlï m%udKhka iy
wkq.dó fy<sorõ ls¯ï fukau wiïNdjH nerlïj,
fy<sorõ ls¯ïj,g n,mdkakd jQ ksYaphka weia;fïka;=
yd Wml,amkhka ilia ls¯ug l<ukdlrKhg is≥
fõ' fuu Wml,amkhka yd weia;fïka;= yd iïnkaO
wúksYaÑ;;djh" j;alï yd nerlïys OdrK w.hkaj,g
wkd.; ld,m˙Éf√oj,° n,mdk f,i m%udKd;aul
.e,mSula wjYH lrk m%;sM,hla we;s l< yel'
2'2'1 úlsŒug we;s wdfhdack ydkslrKh
ie,lsh hq;= f,i iy wLKavj idOdrK w.h tys ms˙jehg
jvd my<g hkúg" úls”u i|yd we;s wdfhdack w.h
ydks ù we;s nj nexl=j ;SrKh lrhs' fuu wdfhdack
iïnkaOfhka ie,lsh hq;= nj fyda wLKav nj hk
lreKq ksYaph ls¯fï ° hï úksYaphla ls¯u wjYH fõ'
2'2'2 úY%du jegqma iy wksl=;a mYapd;a fiajd m%;s,dN
ie,iqï
ksYaÑ; m%;s,dN ie,iqïj, ms˙jeh wdhq.Kk we.hSï u;
;SrKh lrkq ,efí' wdhq.Kk we.hSul ° jÜgï wkqmd;"
wkd.; jka† f.ùï jeäùï" urK wkqmd;h iy úY%du
jegqmaj, wkd.; jeäùï ms<sn| Wml,amkhka is≥lrkq
,efí' fuu ie,iqï j, †.=ld,Sk iajNdjh fya;=fjka
tjeks weia;fïka;= ie,lsh hq;= f,i wúksYaÑ;;djhlg
Ndckh fõ' Ndú;d lrk ,o Wml,amk igyka
wxl 45 ys ±lafõ'
2'2'3 uQ,H WmlrKj, idOdrK w.h
uq,H j;alï yd j.lSuj, idOdrK w.hka uq,H ;;aj
m%ldYkfha jdr®;d.; lrk úg tu w.hka il%Sh
fj<`om< ;=<ska ,nd.; fkdyels wjia:dj,°" tu
w.hka ,nd .ekSu i`oyd úúO wdldrfha wd.Kkh lrkq
,nk .◊;uh wdlD;sj,ska hq;= YS,amSh l%u Wmfhda.S
lrf.k we;' fuu wdlD;s ;=<g fhd∞.kakd fhojqï
yels iEu úgu ks¯laIs; fj<`ofmd< o;a; u; ,nd.
kakd w;r" tjeks o;a; fkdue;s wjia:djkays° ks.uk
u.ska idOdrK w.h ,nd.kq ,nhs' ks.ukj,g t<öfï°
øjYS,;djh iy °r®> ld,Sk jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrKj,
(longer-dated derivatives) fjkiaùu jeks wdlD;sj,g
fhdod.kakd fhojqï ie,ls,a,g f.k we;'
2'3 m%ldYs; lr we;s kuq;a fï jk f;la n, iys; fkdjQ
m%ñ;Ska
m%ldYs; kuq;a nexl= uQ,H jdr®;d m%ldYhg m;a lrk †kh
jk f;la n, iys; fkdjQ m%ñ;Ska iy wr®: ksrEmKhka
my; m˙† fõ' fuu m%ñ;Ska iy wr®: ksrEmKhka wkd.;
†kl ° w∞< jk njg nexl=j n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' fuu
m%ñ;Ska n, iys; jQ úg tAjd w∞< lr.ekSug nexl=j
wfmalaId lrhs'
II fldgi - 11
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
2'3'1 cd'uq'jd'm%' 9 uQ,H WmlrK
2014 cQ,s ui wka;r®cd;sl .sKqïlrK m%ñ;s ^w'.s'm%'&
wdh;kh úiska cd'uQ'jd'm%' 9 uQ,H WmlrK m%ñ;sfha
wjidk ixialrKh ksl=;a lrk ,o w;r" tu`.ska uQ,H
WmlrK jHdmD;Skays ishÆu wjëka ksrEmKh jk w;r
w'.s'm%' 39( y`≥kd.ekSu yd ñkqï ls¯u iy cd' uQ' jd' m%' 9
ys ishÆu miq.sh ixialrKhka wfydais úh' fuu m%ñ;sh
u.ska jr®.SlrKh iy ñkqï ls¯u" ydkslrKh yd b†˙ /
l=ï .sKqïlrKh iïnkaO kj wjYH;d y`≥kajd fok ,°'
2018 ckjd˙ 01 †fkka wdrïN jk jdr®Isl ld,Éf√ohka
i`oyd cd'uQ'jd'm%' 9 n,meje;afjk w;r l,ska w∞< ls¯u
j,x.= fõ' w;S;hg n,mdk m˙† w∞< l<hq;= kuq;a
ikaikaokd;aul f;dr;=re w;HdjYH fkdfõ' cd'uQ'jd'm%'
9 ys l,ska l< ixialrKhka ^2009" 2010 iy 2013& wkqj
l,ska w∞< ls¯u j,x.= jkqfha wdrïNl w∞< ls¯u 2015
fmnrjd˙ 01 †kg fmr is≥lf<a kï mu◊' cd'uQ'jd'm%'
9 fhd∞ .ekSu nexl=fõ uQ,H j;alï jr®.SlrKh iy
ñkqï ls¯u iïnkaOfhka n,mdkq ,nk w;r nexl=fõ
uQ,H j.lSï jr®.SlrKh yd ñkqï ls¯u iïnkaOfhka
n, fkdmdhs'
2'3'2 w'.s'm%' 7 uqo,a m%jdy m%ldYh i`oyd ixfYdaOkhka
IASB úiska 2016 ckjd˙ ui °" uQ,H l%shdldrlï wdYs%;
fy<sorõ ls¯ï jeä†hqKq ls¯u i`oyd iy uQ,H m%ldY
Ndú; lrkakka yg jvd;a fyd`†ka jdr®;dlrK tallfha
øjYS,;d ;;a;ajh wjfndaO lr .ekSu i`oyd w'.s'm%' 7
uqo,a m%jdy m%ldY iïnkaO ixfYdaOkhla b†˙m;a
lrk ,†' fuu kj ixfYdaê; wjYH;djhka hgf;a"
wdh;khkag uqo,a m%jdyhka iy uqo,a fkdjk whs;u wd°
uQ,H lghq;= ksid ;u uQ,H nerlïj, is≥jk fjkiaùï
fy<sorõ ls¯ug is≥jkq we; ^W∞(- úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;
fjkiaùu ksid is≥jk ,dN yd mdvq&' w∞< ixfYdaOkh
2017 ckjd˙ 01 †k isg n,d;aul jk w;r nexl=j ±kg
tys n,mEu w.h lrñka isà'
2'3'3' cd'uQ'jd'm%' 16 - l,anÿ
2016 ckjd˙ ui °" IASB úiska l,an≥ .sKqï ;eîu
i`oyd kj m%ñ;shla f,i cd'uq'jd'm%' 16 ksl=;a lrk
,†' kj m%ñ;sh u`.ska l,an≥ ysñhd fjkqfjka .sKqï
;eîfuys ie,lsh hq;= fjkila is≥lr fkdue;'
flfiafj;;a" l,an≥ .ekqïlrejka yg ;u fndfyduhla
l,an≥ wkqrEm mdúÉÑ ls¯fï whs;sho iu`. uQ,H ;;a;aj
m%ldYhkays l,an≥ j.lSï f,i y`≥kd.ekSu wjYH fõ'
l,an≥ .ekqïlrejka ishÆu y`≥kd.;a l,an≥ i`oyd tla
wdor®Ylhla fhd∞ .; hq;= kuq;a fláld,Sk l,an≥ iy
wvq w.hkaf.ka hq;a j;alïj, l,an≥ y`≥kd fkd.ekSug
úl,amhla mj;skq we;' idudkHfhka y`≥kd.;a l,an≥
i`oyd jk ,dN iy w,dN .sKqïlrK rgdj" jr®;udk
uQ,H l,an≥ .sKqï.; lrk wdldrhg iudk jk w;r
tys ° fmd<S úhou iy CIh úhou hk fldgia fol o
wd∞hï m%ldYh ;=< fjku y`≥kd .kq ,efí'
cd'uq'jd'm%' 16" 2019 ckjd˙ 01 jk †kg fyda Bg miq
t<fUk jdr®Il s ld,m˙Éf√ohkaj,g n,d;aul fõ' kj
wd∞hï m%ñ;sh jk cd'uq'jd'm%' 15 o fuu l,an≥ m%ñ;sh
iu`.u tlu †k m%dfhda.l s j Ndú; ls¯u wdrïN ls¯ug
II fldgi - 12
II fldgi
hg;aj cd'uq'jd'm%' 16 l,ska l%h
s d;aul ls¯ug wjir we;'
l,an≥ .ekqïlrejka úiska cd'uq'jd'm%' 16 uqΩukska u fyda
fjkia lrk ,o w;S;dkqfhda.S .e,mqula jYfhka fhd∞
.; hq;h
= '
2'3'4 cd'uq'jd'm%' 15 - .KqfoKqlrejka iuÕ jQ fldka;%d;a;=
u; wdodhu
IASB úiska 2014 uehs ui .KqfoKqlrejka iu`. jQ
fldka;%d;a;= u; wd∞hu uefhka jk cd'uq'jd'm%' 15" 2018
ckjd˙ 01 †k isg wdrïN jk uQ,H jr®Ihkag n,d;aul
jk whq˙ka yd l,ska l%shd;aul ls¯ug wjir ,nd foñka
ksl=;a lrk ,†' cd'uq'jd'm%' 15 wd∞hï y`≥kd.ekSu i`oyd
m%;sm;a;s ksr®jpkh lrk w;r .kqfokqlrejka iu`.
jk ishÆ .súiqï i`oyd w∞< jkq we;' flfiafj;;a"
uQ,H WmlrK yd l,an≥ iïnkaOfhka jk fmd<S iy
.dia;= wd∞hu cd'uq'jd'm%' 15 ys úIhm:fhka m˙ndysrj
mj;skq we;s w;r fjk;a iq≥iq m%ñ;Ska u`.ska kshdukh
jkq we; ^W∞(- cd'uq'jd'm%' 9 uQ,H WmlrK iy cd'uq'jd'm%'
16 l,an≥&' cd'uq'jd'm%' 15g wkqj wd∞hu y`≥kd .; yels
jkafka mejreïlre NdKav yd fiajdj, whs;sh wfmalaId
lrk f;la fõ' fuu m%ñ;sh u`.ska wd∞hfï iajNdjh"
m%udKh" ld, ksYaph" wd∞hfuys wksh;;djh iy
.Kqfokqlrejka iu`. jk uqo,a m%jdy hkd° úia;SrK
fy<sorõ ls¯ï /ilaa úfYaIKh lrkq ,nhs'
nexl=j cd'uq'jd'm%' 15 l,ska fhd∞.ekSula wfmalaId
fkdlrk w;r jr®;udkfha tys n,mEu w.hñka isà'
3' jeo.;a .sKqïlrK m%;sm;a;s idrdxYh
3'1 úfoaYSh uqo,a mßj¾;kh
nexl=fõ .kqfokq i`oyd Ndú;d jk iy tAjd b†˙m;a
ls¯fï uqo,a tallh YS% ,xld remsh, fõ' úfoaYSh
uqo,aj,ska jk .kqfokq" tlS .kqfokq is≥jk †kfha °
mj;sk úksuh wkqmd;sl m%ldr nexl=fõ Ndú;d jk
uqo,a jákdlug igyka lrkq ,efí' úfoaYSh uqo,aj,ska
jq uQ,H j;alï iy nerlï" jdr®;dlrk †kg mj;sk
úksuh wkqmd;slhka m%ldr kej; m˙jr®;kh lrkq
,efí' fjkialï ish,a, wd∞hï m%ldYkhg .kq ,efí'
jákdlï kej; m˙jr®;kh ls¯fï °" m%Odk jHjydr
uqo,aj,g jq my; ±lafjk YS% ,xld remshf,a úksuh
wkqmd;hka Ndú;d lrk ,°'
2016 2015
re' re'
´iafÜ%,shdkq fvd,r® 1 108.2380 105.3888
lefkaähdkq fvd,r® 1 111.0617 103.7278
hqfrda 1 158.4959 157.4097
cmka fhka 1 1.2818 1.1970
úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï ^ú'.e'ys'& 1 201.3811 199.6310
iagr®,ska mjqï 1 184.5087 213.5508
weu˙ld tlai;a ckmo fvd,r® 1 149.8000 144.0623
Ök hqjdka 1 ^wlafjr<& 21.4901 21.9285
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
uQ,H fkdjk whs;uhka tajd is≥jqk †k ;snQ úfoaYSh uqo,a
m˙jr®;khg wkqj ft;sydisl w.hg fmd;aj,g igyka
lr we;'
3'2 idOdrK w.h ñkqï lsÍu
nexl=j úiska uQ,H iq/l=ïm;a" jHq;amkak WmlrK
jeks uQ,H WmlrKhka iy bvï yd f.dvke.s,s wd°
jQ uQ,H fkdjk WmlrKhka tlS jdr®;dlrK †khkays
° idOdrK w.hkag ñkqï.; lr we;' óg wu;rj"
l%ulaIh ms˙jehg ñkqï.; lrk ,o uQ,H WmlrKhkays
idOdrK w.hka wxl 46 igyfkys fy<sorõ lr we;'
idOdrK w.h hkq fjf<`ofmd< yjq,alrejka w;r
is≥jk l%uj;a .kqfokqjl °" ñkqï.; lrk ,o †khg"
j;alula úls”fuka ,efnk uqo, fyda j.lSula yqjudre
ls¯fï ° f.ùug is≥jk uqo, h'
fuu idOdrK w.h ñkqï ls¯u i`oyd mokï jk mQr®j
ks.ukh jkqfha j;alula úls”u fyda j.lSula yqjudre
ls¯u hk .kqfokqjla(
yy j;alu fyda j.lSu w∞< m%Odk fjf<`ofmdf<ys °
is≥ùu fyda"
yy tjeks m%Odk fjf<`ofmd<la fkdue;s wjia:djl°
tu j;alu fyda j.lSu i`oyd jvd;a u jdis iy.;
fjf<`ofmdf<ys ° is≥ùuh'
fuu m%Odk fjf<`ofmd< fyda jvd;a jdisiy.;
fjf<`ofmd< nexl=jg msúish yelalla úh hq;= h'
j;alul fyda j.lSul idOdrK w.h ñkqï .; lrkq
,nkafka fjf<`ofmd< yjq,alrejka Tjqka Wm˙u
wdr®:ßl jdishla ,nd.ekSu Wfoid yeisfrkq we;ehs hk
Wml,amkh u; j;alula fyda j.lSula ñ,ls¯fï°
fhd∞.kakd Wml,amkhka fhd∞ .ekSfuks' uQ,H
fkdjk j;alul idOdrK w.h ñkqï.; ls¯fï °
fjf<`ofmd< yjq,alrejkaf.a j;alula tys Wm˙u yd
úYsIag f,i Ndú;d ls¯u u.ska fyda Wm˙u yd úYsIag
jdis ,efnk f,i Ndú;dfõ fhd∞ .kakd fjk;a
fjf<`ofmd< yjq,a lrejl=g úls”u u.ska fyda" wdr®:ßl
jdis ckkh ls¯fï yelshdj i,ld n,kq ,nhs'
nexl=j úiska idOdrK w.hhka ñkqï ls¯fï ls%hdj,sh
Wfoid wjia:djg b;du;a WÑ; iy idOdrK w.hka
ñkqï.; ls¯u w∞< ks¯laIK fhojqï ys Wm˙u Ndú;h
iy wm˙laIdld¯ fhojqï Ndú;h wju ls¯u hk ldr®hhka
ioyd m%udKj;a o;a; w.h ls¯fï l%ufõohka fhd∞ .kq
,nhs' uQ,H jdr®;djkays idOdrK w.h ñkqï.; l< fyda
fy<sorõ l< ishΩ j;alï yd j.lSï idOdrK w.hka
Oqrdj,sh ;=< my; ±lafjk m˙† jr®.SlrKhg ,la
lr we;s w;r th iuia;hla jYfhka idOdrK w.hka
ksYaph ls¯u i`oyd jeo.;a jk wju uÜgfï fhojqï u;
mokï fõ'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
m<uqjk uÜgu - wkkH j;alu yd j.lSu i`oyd
ls%hdld¯ fjf<`ofmd< ;=< ysñ m%ldYs;
^fkd ieliQ& ñ< .Kka
fojk uÜgu - Rcqj fyda jl%dldrfhka ks¯laIKh
l< yels" idOdrK w.hka ñkqï ls¯u
i`oyd jeo.;a jk wju uÜgfï fhojqï
Ndú;d lrk we.hqï l%ufõohka
f;jk uÜgu - ks˙laIKh l< fkdyels" idOdrK
w.hka ñkqï.; ls¯u i`oyd jeo.;ajk
wju uÜgfï fhojqï Ndú;d lrk
we.hqï l%ufõohka'
uQ,H jdr®;djkays mqkrdjr®;k moku u; y`≥kd.kakd
,o j;alï yd j.lSï iïnkaOfhka" fuu OQrdj,sfhys
uÜgï w;r yqjudre ùï is≥ù we;a±hs nexl=j úiska
idOdrK w.hka ñkqïlrKh Wfoid iuia;hla jYfhka
jeo.;a jk wju uÜgfï fhojqï u; mokïj fuu
jr®.SlrKh kej; ;lafiare ls¯u ;=<ska jdr®;d ls¯fï
ld, m˙Éf√oh wjidkfha ;SrKh lrkq ,nhs'
3'3 uQ,H j;alï iy nerlï
nexl=j" uQ,H j;alï iy nerlï iy wdY%s; wd∞hï yd
úhoï udr®.hka b†˙m;a lrkq ,nkafka úfoaYSh uqo,a iy
foaYSh uqo,a l%shdldrlï fjkafldg y∫kd ±laùfukah'
úfoaYSh uqo,a l%shdldrlï m%Odk jYfhka Woa.; jkafka
nexl=fõ úfoaYSh ixÑ; l<ukdlrK ldr®hhkaf.kah'
uQ,H m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul ls¯u" uqo,a ksl=;= iy nexl=
lghq;=j,g wdY%s; j;alï iy nerlï foaYSh uQ,H
l%shdldrlïj,ska ms<sìUq fõ'
fuu l%shdldrlï fjka fjkaj jdr®;d ls¯u u.ska"
nexl=fõ uQ,H ;;a;ajh uQ,H ldr®h idOkh iy wj∞kï
wdlD;sh jvd fhda.H whq˙ka b†˙m;a ls¯u wfmalaId lrkq
,efí' úfoaYSh iy foaYSh uqo,a l%shdldrlï taldnoaOj
jdr®;d ls¯fuka uQ,H m%ldYkhkays ±kqj;a ls¯fï w.h
≥r®j, jk nj nexl=j úiska i,lkq ,efí'
ishΩ uQ,H j;alï" uQ,slj ms˙jeh u; y∫kd.kq ,nk w;r
wdfhdackhg w∞, w;am;a lr .ekSfï úhoï o we;=Ωj"
b†˙m;a jk m%;sIaGdfjys idOdrK jákdlu ms˙jehg
we;=<;a fõ' fuu uQ,sl y∫kd .ekSfuka wk;=rej ñkqï
mokï" my; úia;r lrkq ,efí' idudkHfhka ñ,g .kq
,nk iy úl=Kkq ,nk ishΩ uQ,H j;alï fjf<πï
†kfha ° y∫kd.kq ,efí' fuf,i ñ,g .kq ,nk iy
úl=Kk uQ,H j;alï jq l,s idudkH fr.=,dis u.ska fyda
fjf<|fmdf<a mj;akd iïm%∞h u.ska kshñ; ld, rduqj
;=< ° Ndr†h hq;= ñ,g .kq ,enq fyda úl=Kkq ,enq uQ,H
j;alï jkafkah'
3'3'1 ,dNh fyda mdvqj u; idOdrK w.hg we;s iq/l=ïm;a
fjf<πu i|yd .efkk uQ,H j;alï" §,dNh fyda
mdvqj u; idOdrK w.hg we;s j;alï¶ hgf;a jr®.
lr we;=<;a lr we;' fuu iq/l=ïm;a wk;=rej m%ldYs;
II fldgi - 13
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
fjf<|fmd< ñ, m%ldr w.h lrkq ,efí' fjf<|fmd<
w.fhys fjkiaùu" uQ,H ;;aj m%ldYkfhys iq/l=ïm;a
hgf;a jákdlï jeäùula fyda wvqùula f,i y∫kd
.kakd w;r thska Woa.; jk jdish$wjdish wd∞hï
m%ldYkfhys y∫kd.kq we;'
iq/l=ïm;a ;j≥rg;a whs;sj mj;skafka kï w∞,
jdish$wjdish §Wm,íê fkdjq ñ, m%;Hd.Kkfhka
jdish$^mdvqj&¶ f,i jdr®;d lrkq ,efí' iq/l=ïm;a
úls”u u.ska jdishla fyda wjdishla Woa.; jkafka kï"
th §ñ, fjkiaùfï Wm,íê jdish$^mdvqj&¶ f,i jdr®;d
lrkq ,efí'
3'3'2 wf,úh i|yd we;s úfoaY úksuh iq/l=ïm;a
fjf<πu i|yd .efkk úfoaY úksuh iq/l=ïm;a miqj
fjf<|fmd< ñ, wkqj w.h lrkq ,efí' fjf<|fmd<
w.fhys fjkiaùu" uQ,H ;;ajh ms<sn| m%ldYfha úls”ug
we;s iq/l=ïm;aj, jákdlu jeãùu fyda wvqùu jYfhka
y∫kajkq ,efí'
fjf<πu i|yd .efkk úfoaYSh uqo,a iq/l=ïm;aj,
fjf<|fmd< w.h fjkiaùfuka Woa.;jk jdish fyda
wjdish" tu wdfhdack úl=Kd" m%;s.%yKh lr fyda
fjk;a whqrlska neyer lrk f;la fyda tu wdfhdackh
≥n, njg ks¯CIKh lrk f;la fyda ysñlre
m%d.aOkfha fjku ixrplhka ^uQ,H ;;ajh ms<sn|
m%ldYfha fjk;a ixÑ; f,i olajd we;s& f,i y∫kajkq
,nk w;r" tjeks wjia:djla Woa.;ùfï ° ysñlre
m%d.aOkh f,i uq,ska jdr®;d l< jdish fyda wjdish
wd∞hug tl;= lrkq ,efí'
3'3'3 jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK
uqo,a yqjudre" b†˙ úfoaY úksuh .súiqï iy fmd,S
wkqmd; yqjudre jeks jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK nexl=
úiska Ndú;d lrkq ,nk w;r tajd Ndú;d lrkqfha
wj∞kï l<ukdlrKh ls¯fï wruqKq i|yd ñi
iufmaCId;aul wruqKq i|yd fkdfõ' jHq;amkak uQ,H
WmlrK tys idOdrK w.hg jdr®;d lrk w;r tys
idOdrK w.h Ok w.hla .kakd úg j;alula f,i;a
tu w.h RK w.hla .kakd úg j.lSula f,i;a jdr®;d
lrhs' jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrKhkaf.a idOdrK w.fhys
we;sjk p,khka §Wm,íê fkdjQ m%;Hd.Kkhkaf.ka
jdish$^mdvqj&¶ hgf;a jdr®;d lrkq ,efí'
3'3'4 tla Èk fjki
.kqfoKqjl ñ, ta yd iudk .KqfoKq mj;skakd jQ
ks˙CIKh l< yels jr®:udk fjf<`om<l idOdrK
w.fhka fjkia fõ kï fyda ñ, ks˙CIKh l, yels
jr®:udk fjf<`omf<ys o;a; muKla úp,Hka f,i
fhd∞.;a we.hsï Ys,am l%uhla Ndú;fhka ,nd.;a
ñf,ka fjkia fõ kï" nexl=j úiska tu .KqfoKqfõ
ñ, yd idOdrK w.h w;r fjki ^†kg fjki&
blaukskau §Wm,íê fkdjq m%;Hd.Kk ,dN$^mdvq&¶ f,i
y`≥kd.kq ,nhs' .KqfoKqjl idOdrK w.h ks˙CIKh
II fldgi - 14
II fldgi
l< fkdyels o;a; u; mekúu ;srKh l< wjia:djl
tu .KqfoKqfõ ñ, yd w∞, we.hSï rduqfõ ñ, w;r
fjki" w∞< fhojqï ks˙CIKh l< yels jQ úg fyda
tu WmlrK uQ,H m%ldYk ;=<ska bj;aj .sh úg muKla
w∞hï m%ldYh ;=< .,mkq ,nhs'
3'3'5 cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,a fYaIhka (IMF)
nexl=j úiska cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, ^cd'uq'w'& iu.
lrkq ,nk .kqfokq Y%S ,xld rcfha ksfhda‚;fhl= f,i
fkdj" ;u n,;, m%ldr is≥lrkq ,efí' nexl=j úiska
cd'uq'w' iu`. is≥flfrk ishΩ .kqfokq tu moku u;
fuu uQ,H m%ldYkhkays we;=<;a lr we;'
cd'uq'w' iu`. jq mx.=j j;alula jYfhka nexl=j úiska igyka
lr we;s w;r" tu mx.=j i|yd cd'uq'w' fj; f.úh hq;= uqo,
nexl=fõ nerlula f,i igyka lr we;' cd'uq'w' úiska fjka
lrk ,o iuqÉÑ; úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï ^ú'.e'ys'& m%udKh
nerlula f,i i,lkq ,efí' cd'uq'w' úiska jdr®;dlrK
†kg m%ldYhg m;alrk ,o úksuh wkqmd;slhka wkqj
cd'uq'w' j;alï iy nerlï m%;Hd.Kkfhka Woa.; jk
úksuh ,dN fyda mdvq wd∞hï m%ldYkfhys y∫kd.kq
,efí'
cd'uq'w' iu`. jq fYaIhkag wod< ishΩu .dia;= iy fmd<sh
tiekska wd∞hï m%ldYkfhys igyka lrkq ,efí'
3'3'6 uqo,a iy uqo,a iudkhka
úfoaYh
S nexl= iy uQ,H wdh;khkays we;s uqo,a iy
fláld,Sk ;ekam;=" uqo,a iy uqo,a iudkhkag wh;a fõ'
foaYSh uqo,a l%shdldrlïj, wx.hla jYfhka YS% ,xld uy
nexl=j we;eï wd∞hï bmehSï o we;eï úhoï ±¯u
o is≥lrk kuq;a" tu.ska uqo,a p,khla is≥ fkdfõ'
tu l%shdldrlïj,ska we;eï j;alï iy nerlï o
Woa.; jk w;r thg m%Odk jYfhka YS% ,xld rch
iu. iy foaYSh nexl= iy uQ,H wdh;k iu. .kqfokq
w∞< fõ' YS% ,xld rch iu. jk .kqfokqj,g uQ,H
m%;sm;a;s ldrlhla f,i rch úiska ksl=;a lrkq ,nk
NdKavd.dr ì,am;aj, ∞hl fkdjq fldgila iy rch
úiska ksl=;a lrkq ,nk ne∫ïlr wh;a fõ' tjeks ñ,g
.ekSï" neyer ls¯ï fyda ta u; fmd<ssh yqfola fmd;a igyka
jYfhka muKla Y%S ,xld uy nexl= jdr®;dj, igyka
lrkq ,efí' fïjd uQ,H m%ldYkhkays igyka 38 iy
igyka 39 hgf;a fjka fjkaj fy<sorõ lr we;'
uqo,a kS;s mkf;a úêúOdk m%ldr" jHjia:dms; wêld˙h
jYfhka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska uyckhd fj; uqo,a
ksl;= a lrkq ,efí' YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ksl;
= a lrkq
,nk uqo,a" orkakd fjkqfjka nexl=j u; ysñlula mj;S'
fuh nexl=jg nerlula jk w;r orkakdg w;e;s uqo,a
fõ' ixirK uqo,aj, p,kh" uqo,a m%jdy m%ldYkfhka
b†˙m;a lrk w;r" uy nexl= w;r mj;akd m˙ph m%ldr"
uQ,H l%hs dldrlïj, fldgila f,i we;=<;a lrkq ,efí'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska uqo,a$f.ùï ksfhda. l%shdj,sh
u.ska fkdaÜgq iy ldis fyda YS% ,xld uy nexl=j u;
ksl=;a lrk fplam;a u.ska ,nd.kakd NdKav iy fiajd
i|yd iemhqïlrejka iy fiajlhska jk úúO wK ,oaoka
fj; uqo,a f.jkq ,efí' tajd ixirK uqo,a nerlug fydaa
jd◊c nexl= iu. jk fYaIhkag fyda tl;= lrkq ,efí'
tjeks lghq;= i|yd jq uqo,a Ndú;d ls¯u YS% ,xld uy
nexl=fjka msg;g hk uqo,a m%jdyhg wh;a fõ'
uqo,a m%jdy m%ldYkfhys" uqo,a iy uqo,a iudkhkag
uqo,a$uqo,a úOdkhkaf.a Y=oaO .,dhEï yd by; úia;r
lrk ,o uqo,a iy uqo,a iudkhka o wvx.= fõ'
3'3'7 m%;sñ,È .ekqï iy m%;súl=Kqï .kqfokq
m%;sñ,° .ekSu i|yd .súiqï hgf;a úl=Kkq ,nk
iq/l=ïm;a" j;alï f,i wLKavj fYaI m;%fhys igyka
lrkq ,efí' m%;sñ,° .ekSu i|yd jq j.lSï ^m%;sñ,°
.ekSfï .súiqï u; úl=Kk ,o iq/l=ïm;a& nerlula
f,i fy<sorõ lrkq ,efí' m%;sñ,° .ekSï .kqfokqj,
úl=Kqï iy m%;sñ,° .eksfï ñ, iy m%;sjr®;k ñ,°
.ekSfï .kqfokqj, ñ,† .ekSfï ñ, iy úl=Kqï
ñ, w;r fjki ms<sfj,ska úhoula iy wd∞hula jk
w;r" th wd∞hï m%ldYkfhys y∫kd.kq ,efí'
m%;súl=Kqï .súiqï u; r|jdf.k we;s iq/l=ïm;a ^kej;
úls◊u i|yd jq .súiqï u; ñ,°.;a iq/l=ï& j;alï f,i
fYaI m;%fhys igyka lrkq ,efí' m%;sñ,° .ekSfï iy
m%;súl=Kqï .kqfokq ksid WmÑ; wd∞hula fyda WmÑ;
úhoula Woa.; jqfha kï" th o m%;sñ,° .ekSfï iy
m%;súl=Kqï .kqfokq jákdlu iu. jdr®;d lrkq ,efí'
3'3'8 ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï
2014 fmnrjd˙ 01 jk †k isg n,meje;afjk m˙† ks;H
;ekam;= myiqlu ^fmr ks;H ñ,° .ekqï myiqlu&
iq/l=ï rys; ;ekam;= myiqlula njg m˙jr®;kh lrk
,°' tneúka iyNd.S jk wdh;k ;u w;sfr®l wruqo,a
ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd; hgf;a ffokslj
wdfhdackh lrkq ,nhs'
ks;H Kh myiqlu" fmr ks;H m%;súl=Kqï myiqlu yd
ir®j iu fõ'
3'3'9 Y%S ,xld uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a
fjf<|fmdf<a w;s˙la; øjYS,;djh wka;r®.%yKh lr
.ekSu i|yd uqo,a m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aulùï hgf;a nexl=j
úiska l,ska l,g Y%S ,xld uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a ksl=;a
lrkq ,nhs'
ksl=;a lrkq ,nk iq/l=ïm;a j.lSula f,i jdr®;d lrk
w;r uqyqK; w.h iy ksl=;= ñ, w;r fjki wd∞hï
m%ldYkfha úhoula f,i jdr®;d lrkq ,nhs'
3'3'10 Y%S ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a
Á ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a" YS% ,xld rcfhka ñ,g .kakd
,o NdKavd.dr ì,am;aj,ska iukaú; fõ' tajdhska nexl=j
úiska YS% ,xld rchg imhk ,o Kh ksfhdackh flfrk
neúka tu l<U l%ulaIh ms˙jehg igyka lrkq ,efí'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
3'3'11 rchg fok ,o ld,Sk w;a;sldrï
1949 wxl 58 orK uqo,a kS;s mkf;a ^ixfYdaê; m˙†& 89
j.ka;sh hgf;a YS% ,xld rch fj; Rcqj fok ,o ld,Sk
w;a;sldrïj,ska" rchg fok ,o w;a;sldrï ksfhdackh
fõ' fuu w;a;sldrï miqj l%ulaIh ms˙jehg olajd we;'
3'3'12 wksl=;a wdh;kj,g fok ,o Kh
wksl=;a wdh;kj,g fok ,o Kh uqo,ska whlr.;
fkdyels m%udKhka i|yd jq uqo,a wvqlr" l%ulaIh ms˙jehg
y∫kdf.k olajd we;' whlr.; hq;= ishΩ uqo,a nexl=jg
whlr.; fkdyels njg ksYaÑ; idlaIs ;sfí kï" ta i|yd
^Kh wvd,ùu& wvudk Kh m%;smdokhka i,ikq ,efí'
tu m%;smdokfha m%udKh OdrK uqo,a iy weia;fïka;=.;
whlr.; yels uqo, w;r fjki fõ' fnd,a Kh y∫kd.;a
wjia:dfõ ° lmdy˙kq ,efí'
3'3'13 iq/l=ïm;a Khg §u iy Khg .ekSu
nexl=j úiska tys uQ,H m%;sm;a;s ls%hdld˙;aj wjYH;d
i|yd m%Odk ixia:dms; wdfhdaclhska fj;ska rdcH
iq/l=ïm;a Khg .ekSu is≥ lrhs' fuu Khg .;a
iq/l=ïm;a" nexl=j úiska m%;sñ,° .ekSfï ls%hdld˙;ajh
u; fjf<|fmd< ;=< mj;sk w;s˙la; øjYS,;djh
wjfYdaIKh lr .ekSug fhd∞ .kS'
iq/l=ïm;a Khg .ekSu hkq kej; ndr°u w;miq jk
úgl °" iq/l=ïm;a kej; Ndr°u" tlÛ jQ .dia;= f.ùu
iy fjf<|fmd< jákdlu u; jka† f.ùu ^nexl=fõ
rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska m%d:ñl fjf<|fmd<
iyNd.Sjkakkag ±kqï ° we;s fjf<|fmd< ñ,& i|yd
jk fldkafoais úrys; wemùuls' Khg .;a iq/l=ïm;a
fjf<|fmd< jákdlñka lsishï wjia:djl ° m%;sñ,°
.ekSfï ls%hdldrlï i|yd fhd∞ fkd.;a iq/l=ïm;a
wiïNdjH j.lSï f,i jdr®;d lrkq ,efí' w∞< .dia;=
f.ùu WmÑ; moku u; jr®;dlrKq ,nhs'
Khg °fï .kqfokqjla hgf;a m%;smdr®Yjhlg iq/l=ïm;a
udre ls¯u uQ,H ;;a;aj m%ldYkfhys fmkakqï lfrkqfha
ysñld˙;ajfha wj∞kï yd m%;s,dNhkao udre jQfha kï
mu◊'
3'3'14 fiajl Kh
iyk∞hS fmd<S wkqmd; hgf;a Kh myiqlï ,nd.ekSu
i|yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl= fiajlhkag ysñlu ,efí'
2008 jifr® isg ksl=;a l, fuu Kh" cd'.s'm%' 39 wkqj"
jÜgï lrk ,o uqo,a m%jdy l%uh Ndú;d lrñka tajdfha
idOdrK w.hg .Kkh lrkq ,efí'
jÜgï wkqmd;h - fuu wkqmd;h weu˙ldkq tlai;a
ckmo fvd,r® b,lal lr.;a †.=ld,Sk WoaOukh
mokï fldg Y%S ,xld uy nexl= wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=j uÛska iïmdokh lrk ,°' ú.Kk
lñgqj uÛska tlÛ ù we;s m˙† jd◊cH fmd<S ksr®foaYs;
wkqmd;h (CIRR) i|yd ishhg 1 l wj∞kï wêlhla o
tl;= lrñka jÜgï wkqmd;h Ndú; fldg we;s w;r th
Khj, ld,m˙Éf√oh iuÛ fjkia fõ'
II fldgi - 15
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
fuu Kh iyk∞hS fmd<SS wkqmd;hka hgf;a ,nd°u
ksid nexl=j úiska orK ,o úhou jdr®;d ls¯ug fiajl
Khj, jr®I wdrïN †kg iy jr®I wjidk †kg jr®;udk
w.hkaf.a fjki jdr®Islj l%ulaIh lrk w;r nexl=j
úiska fuu Kh" fjf<|fmd< wkqmd;slhkag fokq
,enqfõ kï" nexl=j úiska Wmhkq ,nk wd∞hu jdr®;d
ls¯ug iudk w.hla" wfkl=;a wd∞hï f,i jdr®;d lrhs'
idOdrK w.hlrk .Kkh i|yd fhd∞.kq ,nk
Wml,amkhka (
÷ fiajl Kh ,nd≥ka †kh f,i ckjd˙ 01 †k i,lk
,°'
÷ fuu Kh i|yd lsis≥ wdldrhl .e,mSula fyda mshùula
is≥ù fkdue;'
3'3'15 uQ,H j;alï ydkslrKh
lsih
s ï uQ,H j;alula ydkslrKh ù we;aoehs nexl=j úiska
jdr®;dlrK †khkays ° ;lafiare lrkq ,efí'
3'3'16 l%ulaIh msßjehg OdrKh l< j;alï ydkslrKh
l%ulaIh ms˙jehg OdrKh l< Khla fyda ,eìh hq;=
uqo,la ydkslrKh ù we;s njg idOdrK idlaIs we;akï"
tu w,dNh .Kkh lrkq ,nkafka j;alfï OdrK w.h
iy weia;fïka;= l< wkd.; uqo,a m%jdyhkaf.a ^fuf;la
ord fkdue;s wkd.; Kh w,dN yer& j;alfï uq,a iM,
fmd<SS wkqmd;h;a" jÜgï l< w.h;a w;r fjki u.sks'
j;alul OdrK w.h Rcqj fyda °ukd .sKqula u.ska
fyda wvqlrkq ,efí' mdvq jq m%udKh wd∞hï m%ldYfhys
y∫kd.kq ,efí'
nexl=j m%:ufhka ;ksj jeo.;a iy ;ksj yd iduQyslj
fkdjeo.;a uQ,H j;alï ydkslrKh ù we;s njg
idOdrK idlaIs ;sfí≤hs úur®IKh lrkq ,nhs' tfia
jeo.;a fyda fkdjeo.;a ;ksj úur®IKh l< uQ,H
j;alula ydkslrKh ù we;s njg idOdrK idlaIs
fkdue;s hehs ;SrKh l<fyd;a tu uQ,H j;alu iudk
Kh wj∞kula we;s uQ,H j;alïj,g we;=<;a lr" tu
j;alï ydkslrKh i|yd iduQyslj úur®YKh lrkq
,efí' ;ksj ydkslrK mdvq i|yd ;lafiare jákdlug
w∞<j ydkslrK mdvq mj;S kï fyda ta nj wLKavj
y∫kdf.k ;sfí kï tajd iduqysl ;lafiarejlg we;=<;a
lrkq fkd,efí'
miqld,fha ° ydkslrK w,dNfha w.h wvqjkafka kï
iy ydkslrKh y∫kd.ekSfuka miq is≥ jQ is≥ùulg
úIhdkqnoaOj w∞, lr .;yels kï l,ska y∫kd.;a
ydkslrK w,dNh wdmiq .,mhs' miqld,hl ° wdmiq
.,mk ,o ´kEu ydkslrK w,dNhla wdmiq .,mk
,o †kg j;alfï OdrK w.h tys l%uCIh ms˙jeh
fkdblaujk m%udKhla olajd wd∞hï m%ldYfha
y∫kd.kq ,efí'
3'3'17 úlsŒug we;s wdfhdack ydkslrKh
úls◊ug we;s j;alula ydkslrKh ù we;akï tys
ms˙jeh ^uQ,sl f.ùu iy l%ulaIh w;r Y=oaO w.h& yd
tys jr®;udk idOdrK w.h" óg fmr ,dNh fyda w,dNh
II fldgi - 16
II fldgi
hgf;a y∫kd.;a ydkslrK w,dNhla fõ kï th wvqlr
ysñlre m%d.aOkfhka wd∞hï m%ldYkhg udrelrkq ,efí'
úlsKSug we;s ,shú,s f,i jr®.lr we;s ysñlï m%d.aOk
,shú,s kej; .e,mSï ,dNh i|yd y∫kd.kafka ke;'
Kh ,shú,sj, ydkslrK w,dN" ,shú,af,ys idOdrK
w.fhys jeäùu" ydkslrK mdvqj y∫kd .ekSug miqj
jq isoaêhlg w∞, jk njg ksYaÑ; idlaIs ;sfí kï
muKla" th ,dN fyda mdvq yryd kej; .e,msh yelsh'
3'3'18 úfoaYSh uqo,a ld,Sk nerlï
úfoaYSh uqo,a ld,Sk nerlï" nerlïj, l%ulaIh ms˙jehg
miqj jdr®;d lrkq ,efí' fuu nerlïj, w.h fjkiaùu
ld,Sk nerlïj, jeäùula fyda wvqùula f,i fYaI
m;%fhys olajkq ,efí' úfoaYSh uqo,a ld,Sk nerlïj,
fjkiaùï j,ska Woa.;jk jdis iy wjdis jydu wd∞hï
m%ldYkfhys úhoula f,i y∫kd.kq ,efí' nerlfï
whs;sh ;j≥rg;a mj;S kï jdish fyda wjdish Wm,íê
fkdjq ñ, m%;Hd.Kkfhka jdish$^mdvqj& f,i jdr®;d
lrkq ,efí' jdish fyda wjdish Wm,íê jq ^nerlu
wdmiq f.ùï u.ska& wjia:djkays° th ñ, fjkiaùïj,ska
Wm,íê jq jdish$^mdvqj& f,i jdr®;d lrkq ,efí'
3'3'19 fjk;a uQ,H j;alï iy nerlï
uqo,a" ;ekam;= iy fláld,Sk w;a;l s drï jYfhka jq
foaYh
S iy úfoaYhS uqo,a fjf<| †kfha ° y∫kd.kq ,efí'
3'4 wksl=;a j;alï iy nerlï
3'4'1 rka
uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 67^1& j.ka;sh m%ldrj" YS% ,xld uy
nexl=jg ;u cd;Hka;r ixÑ;fha fldgila f,i"
rka ±˙h yel' tu ksid YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska
cd;Hka;r ixÑ;fha fldgila f,i ord isá rka j,
w.h 2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg remsh,a ì,shk 124'41 ls
^fn∞ fjkal< yels rka remsh,a ì,shk 111'01 la iy
fn∞ fjka l< fkdyels rka remsh,a ì,shk 13'40
la jYfhka&' fuu rka f;d.h cd;Hka;r ixÑ;fha
fldgila jk neúka iy idudkH jHdmdr lghq;=j,°
fjf<| NdKavhla f,i yqjudre fkdjk neúka
rka idOdrK w.hg w.h fldg ,dNh fyda w,dNh
wdodhï m%ldYhg udre lrkq ,efí' rkaj,ska Wm,íê
fkdjQ ,dNh fyda w,dNh ,dNd,dN úir®ckhg fmr
w∞< ixÑ; .sKqug udre lrkq ,efí'
3'4'2 f;d.
3'4'2'1 uqo,a f;d.
nexl=fõ f;d.h ;=," ixirKh i|yd ksl=;a lr fkdue;s
kj jHjydr uqo,a wka;r®.; fõ' kj uqo,a fkdaÜgq iy
ldisj,g w∞, ksIamdok iy ksr®udK ms˙jeh" uq,ajrg
ms˙jehg y`≥kd.kq ,efí' ixirKh i|yd ksl=;a lrkq
,nk kj uqo,a fkdaÜgq iy ldisj, w∞, ms˙jeh nr
;nk ,o idudkH mokula u; ;SrKh lrk w;r"
ksl=;a lrk wjia:dfõ° th wd∞hï m%ldYkhg .,mkq
,efí' fifuka p,kh jk f;d.h i|yd fjka ls¯ï
is≥ lr we;'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
3'4'2'2 wfkl=;a f;d.
wfkl=;a f;d." ms˙jeh fyda Wm,íê jákdlï jk
foflka wvq m%udKh u; olajd we;' nr ;nk ,o
idudkH ms˙jeh mokïj ms˙jeh ksYaph lrkq ,efí'
fiñka jehjk f;d. i|yd fjka ls¯ula i,id we;'
3'4'3 foam<" msßh; iy WmlrK
foam<" ms˙h; iy WmlrK t†fk∞ fiajd úhoï yer"
iuqÉÑ; laIhùï iy iuqÉÑ; ydkslrK jákdlu wvql<
ms˙jehg olajkq ,efí' tlS foam<" ms˙h; iy WmlrKj,
fldgia wdfoaY ls¯fï ms˙jeh th ork wjia:dfõ° y∫kd
.ekSu i|yd jq ksrk
® dhlhka imqrk ,oafoa kï" tlS úhoï
o tjeks ms˙jehg we;=<;a jkq we;'
f.dvke.s,s i|yd jq laIh iy m%;Hd.Kk †khg miqj
wvql< ydkslrK mdvq wvqlr" bvï iy f.dvke.s,s
.Kkh lr we;'
iskaklalr bvï yer" j;alïj, my; i|yka weia;fïka;=
l< „jld,h ;=< ir< udr®. l%uh wkqj laIh .Kkh
lrkq ,efí'
j;alï jr®.h „jld,h
iskaklalr bvïj, ,efí' uQ,sl y∫kd .ekSfuka wk;=rej fuu wiamDIH
msysá f.dvke.s,s jr®I 50 la ;=<
l,an≥ bvïj, msysá
f.dvke.s, s l,an≥ ld, m˙Éf√oh ;=<
ms˙h; iy ms˙h;
fldgia jr®I 20 la ;=< wfkl=;a j;alï wfmalaIs;
,S nvq iy WmlrK jr®I 10 la ;=<
fudagr® r: jr®I 5 la ;=<
2014 jr®Ifha isg ñ,°
.;a fudagr® r: jr®I 10 la ;=<
m˙.Kl oDVdx. jr®I 4 la ;=<
fjk;a jr®I 3 la ;=<
OdrK w.hla whlrjd.; fkdyels njg isoaëka fyda
wjia:dkql+, fjkialï fyda u.ska fmkakqï lrk
úgl hka;% yd WmlrKj, idOdrK w.h ydkslrKh
i|yd iudf,dapkh l< hq;=h' m<uqj ms˙jeh u; y∫kd
.ekSfuka wk;=rej bvï yd f.dvke.s,s m%;Hd.Kkh
l< jákdlu mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk w;r" th jq l,s
miqld,Sk iuqÉÑ; laIh iy iuqÉÑ; ydkslrK w,dN
wvql< idOdrK w.h fõ'
nexl=fõ bvï yd f.dvke.s,s m%;Hd.Kkh i|yd jQ
m%;sm;a;sh jkafka wju jYfhka jir 5lg jrla fyda
ie,lsh hq;= ;lafiare .e,mSula Bg wvq ld,iSudjla
;==<° m%;HlaI jQ úgh'
m%;Hd.Kk w;s˙la;h m%;Hd.Kk ixÑ;hg nerlr"
fYaI m;%fha ysñlre m%d.aOkh hgf;a olajkq ,efí'
flfia jqjo ñg fmr tu j;alfuys y∫kd.;a m%;Hd.
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
Kk wvqùula m%;sjr®;kh lrkq ,nk m%udKhg tu
m%;Hd.Kk jeäùu" wdodhula f,i y∫kdf.k wd∞hï
m%ldYkfhys olajkq ,efí' m%;Hd.Kk wvqùï o wd∞hï
m%ldYkfhys y∫kd.kq ,efí' flfia jqjo" m%;Hd.Kk
wvqùula tu j;alu iïnkaOfhkau jq fmr m%;Hd.
Kk w;s˙la;hla ksIam%Nd lrkafka kï" tu m%;Hd.Kk
wvqùï" m%;Hd.Kk ixÑ;fha we;s w;s˙la;h iu.
.,mkq ,efí' j;alula neyer ls¯fï°" lsishï j;alulg
iïnkaO m%;Hd.Kk w;s˙la;hla fjf;d;a th r|jd.;a
bmehSïj,g udre lrkq ,efí' lsishï j;alula bj;a
ls¯fuka Ndú;d ls¯fuka fyda bj;als¯fï wkd.;
m%;s,dN ,eîfï wfmaCIdjla fkdue;skï th foam<"
ms˙h; iy WmlrK f,i y∫kd .kq fkd,efí' tjeks
wjia:djl Woa.; jk ,dN yd w,dN ^bj;a ls¯fuka ,nk
Y=oaO uqo, iy OdrK w.h w;r fjki& tu jr®Ifha°u
wd∞hï m%ldYkfhys y∫kd.kq ,efí' j;alfuys wjfYaI
jákdlu" „jld,h iy l%uhka iudf,dapkhg Ndckh
lrkq ,nk w;r wjYH fõ kï ksr;=rej .e,mSï lrkq
,efí'
3'4'4 wiamDYH j;alï
m˙.Kl oDVdx.j, ixrplhka fkdjk m˙.Kl
uD≥ldx." wiamDIH j;alï f,i olajd ms˙jehg y∫kd.kq
j;alï" jr®I 4 l „jld,hla mokï l< iuqÉÑ;
l%ulaIh wvql< OdrK w.hlg mj;ajd f.k hkq ,efí'
3'4'5 wfkl=;a j;alï
Wm,íê jákdlug
mj;ajdf.k hkq ,efí'
3'4'6 uQ,H fkdjk j;alï ydkslrKh
lsishï uQ,H fkdjk j;alula ydkslrKhg Ndckh
ùfï i,l=Kq olajkafka kï fyda mj;akd isoaëka fyda
fjk;a ;;a;ajhla fya;=fjka OdrK w.h ydks úhyels
nj fmkakqï lrkafka kï nexl=j úiska tajd tla tla
jdr®;d ls¯fï †kfha ° iudf,dapkh lrkq ,efí' tjeks
b`.shla mj;S kï" nexl=j úiska j;alfuka whlr .;
yels uqo,a m%udKh weia;fïka;= lrkq ,efí' j;alul
OdrK w.h whlr.; yels uqo,a m%udKh blaujkafka
kï j;alu ydkslrKh jq f,i i,ld" whlr .; yels
jákdlug .sKqï ;nkq ,efí'
3'4'7 m%;smdok
w;S; is≥ùul m%;sM,hla jYfhka nexl=jg jr®;udk
j.lSula ^ffk;sl fyda iïuq;shlska& we;súfgl °
j.lSu fíreï ls¯u i|yd wdr®:ßl jdis we;=Ω iïm;a
.,dhdula wjYHùu;a" tu j.lSu ms<sn| úYajikSh
weia;fïka;=jla ms<sfh, ls¯ug yelsùu;a u; m%;smdok
y∫kd.kq ,efí' m%;smdokhla m%;smQr®Kh ls¯ug nexl=j
wfmalaId lrkafka kï" tu m%;smQr®Kh ksielju ;yjqre
jkakd jq wjia:dj,°" th fjk u j;alula f,i
y∫kajkq ,efí'
II fldgi - 17
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
3'4'8 ixirKfha mj;sk uqo,a
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ksl=;a lrkq ,nk uqo,a tajd
orkakkag nexl=j u; ysñlula mj;S' ixirKfha mj;sk
uqo,a i|yd nerlu" tajdfha uqyqK; jákdlu u; uQ,H
;;aFjh ms<sn| m%ldYfha igyka lrkq ,efí'
3'4'9 úY%du jegqma iy wksl=;a mYapd;a fiajl m%;s,dN
fhdackdl%u
nexl=j úiska fufyhjkq ,nk úY%du jegqma iy wksl=;a
mYapd;a fiajl m%;s,dN fhdackd l%u 45 jeks igyfkys
fy<sorõ lr we;'
3'4'10 ksYaÑ; m%;s,dN fhdackd l%u
nexl=j úiska úY%du jegqma fhdackd l%u" jekaoUq iy
wk;aore úY%du jegqma" jekaoUq mqreI yd wk;aore úY%du
jegqma" úY%du md˙f;daIsl iy úY%du fiajl ffjoH
m%;s,dN hk ksYaÑ; m%;s,dN fhdackdl%u mj;ajd f.k
hkq ,nhs' bka fjka fjkaj m˙md,kh lrkq ,nk m<uq
fhdackd l%u 3 g nexl=j iy iq≥iqlï ,;a m%;s,dNSka úiska
∞hl uqo,a f.jkq ,efí' ksYaÑ; m%;s,dN fhdackdl%u
hgf;a m%;s,dN f.ùfï ms˙jeh" mqfrdal:kh l< talSh
ner wdhq.Kk l%uhla u; tla tla fhdackd l%uhg fjka
fjka jYfhka ;SrKh lrkq ,efí'
3'4'11 ksYaÑ; odhl fhdackd l%u
w∞, jHjia:d iy fr.=,dis m%ldr fiajlhskag fiajl
wr®:idOl wruqof,a ∞hl;ajh iy fiajd kshqla;slhkaf.a
Ndr wruqof,a ∞hl;ajhg ysñlula ,efí' nexl=j úiska
fiajlhskaf.a o< md˙Y%ñlfhka ishhg 24 la iy ishhg
3 la ms<sfj,ska fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,g iy fiajd
kshqla;slhkaf.a Ndr wruqo,g ∞hl jYfhka f.jkq
,efí' fuu wruqof,a ksYaÑ; odhl ie,iqï fjka fjkaj
m˙md,kh lrkq ,efí'
3'4'12 m%odkhka
idOdrK jákdlug y∫kdf.k we;s m%∞khka" tajd ,nd
.ekSu i|yd muqKqjd we;s fldkafoaisj,g wkql+,ùug
we;s bvlv ms<sn| idOdrK ;yjqrejla we;súg tajd
ysñlre m%d.aOkh hgf;a olajkq ,efí' m%∞khka úhoï
úIhlg w∞, jk wjia:djl ° úhoug i˙,k ld,
m˙Éf√ohla ;=< l%udkql+, mokula u; th wd∞hï
m%ldYkfhys igyka lrkq ,efí' m%∞khla j;alug w∞,
jk wjia:djl ° tys idOdrK w.h rcfha ú,ïNS; m%∞k
.sKqulg nerlr" tu j;alfï laIh m%;sm;a;shg wkql+,
jq l%udkql+, mokula u; tys wfmalaIs; m%fhdackj;a
wdhqld,h ;=< wd∞hï m%ldYkhg uq∞y˙kq ,efí'
3'4'13 fiajl uKav, úhoï
fiajl uKav, úhoïj,g" uqΩ ldr®h uKav, m%;s,dNj,
mQr®K ms˙jeh we;=<;a h' jr®Ih wjidkfha ° f.úh hq;=
jegqma iy iïnkaê; úhoï" wksl=;a foaYShj f.úh hq;=
fYaIhka hgf;a olajkq ,efí'
II fldgi - 18
II fldgi
3'4'14 l%shd;aul l,anÿ
nexl=j l,an≥ .ekqïlre jk wjia:djkays °" l,an≥
.;a j;alïj,ska wfmalaIs; m%;s,dN mokï lrf.k"
l%shd;aul l,an≥ i|yd f.úh hq;= l=,sh th n, mj;akd
ld, m˙Éf√oh ;=< wd∞hï m%ldYkfhys igyka lrkq
,efí'
3'4'15 nÿlrKh
1949 wxl 58 orK uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 118 jeks j.ka;sh
m%ldr nexl=fõ wd∞hu" wd∞hï noafoka ksoyia fõ' ;jo
2013 wxl 06 orK wdr®:ßl fiajd .dia;= ^ixfYdaê;& mk;
hgf;a iy 2013 wxl 17 orK tl;=l< w.h u; n≥
^ixfYdaê;& mk; hgf;a wdr®:ßl fiajd .dia;= iy uQ,H
fiajd iemhSu u; jk tl;=l< w.h u; noafoka nexl=j
ksoyia fõ'
3'4'16 wdodhu iy úhou
nexl=j fj; wdr®:ßl m%;sM, .,dtafï yelshdj iy
wd∞hu ksielj u ñkqï l< yels m%udKh wkqj wd∞hï
.sKqï.; lrkq ,efí' ork ,o ms˙jeh iy Wmhk ,o
ksYaÑ; wd∞hu w;r Rcq iïnkaO;djh mokï lrf.k
wd∞hï m%ldYkfhys úhoï igyka lrkq ,efí' jHdmdrh
mj;ajdf.k hdu iy foam," ms˙h;" WmlrK ldr®hCIuj
mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd ork ,o ishΩu úhoï" jr®Ih i|yd
m%;sM, .Kkh ls¯u ms◊i wd∞hug tfrysj igyka lr
we;'
wd∞hï yd úhoï y≥kd.ekSug fmr my; ±lafjk
.sKqï.; ls˙ï y`≥kd.ekSfï ksr®Kdhlhka imqrd,sh
hq;=h'
3'4'16'1 fmd<ssh
fmd<sh ,eîu ms<sn| ielhla fkdue;s kï" ñ,g .ekSfï
i;H ñ, mokïj" iM, M,∞hs;aj l%uhg" WmÑ; moku
u; fmd<S wd∞hu iy úhou" wd∞hï m%ldYkfhys
igyka lrkq ,efí' ia:djr wd∞hï wdfhdack" iq/l=ïm;a
u; Wmhk l+mka" NdKavd.dr ì,am;a" wksl=;a jÜgï
WmlrK u; WmÑ; jÜgï iy wêñ, fmd<S wd∞hug
we;=<;a h' Kh whlr .ekSu iel iys; wjia:dj, °
fmd<SS wd∞hu w;aysgqjk w;r" tajd ,efnk;=re fmd<S
wd∞hfuka neyer lrkq ,efí'
3'4'16'2 ,dNdxY
,dNdxY wd∞hu fldgiaysñhd fj; ,eîfï whs;sh ;yjqre
jq úg y∫kd.kq ,efí'
3'4'16'3 úúO
úúO wd∞hï iy úhoï WmÑ; moku u; y∫kd.kq ,efí'
foam," ms˙h; iy WmlrK neyer ls¯fï° Woa.;jk
wd∞hï iajNdjfha Y=oaO ,dN fyda mdvq" j;alï OdrK
w.h iy úl=Kqï úhoï" neyer ls¯fï° orK ,o
úhoï wvqfldg wd∞hï m%ldYkfhys .sKqï.; lr
we;' m%Odk ,dN W;amdok l%shdlrlïj,g wkqIdx.sl
l%shdldrlïj,ska Woa.;jk iy iudk .kqfokq
iuQyhlska Woa.;jk t;rï jeo.;a fkdjk ,dN iy
mdvq tl;=fldg Y=oaO moku u; jdr®;dlr b†˙m;a
lrkq ,efí'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
3'4'17 wiïNdjH j.lSï iy ne£ï
Kh .e;slï iy;slùï" b†˙ úfoaY úksuh .kqfokq
iy wksl=;a ne£ï ish,a, fYaI m;%fha y∫kd
fkd.kakd w;r w∞, YSr®I hgf;a wiïNdjH j.lSï yd
m%d.aOk ne£ï whs;u f,i y∫kdf.k we;' wjYHjk
wjia:djkays° fuu m%udK jvd;a WÑ; weia;fïka;= wkqj
ñkqï lr we;'
4' l%shdldrlïj, iajNdjh iy úIh m:h
1949 wxl 58 orK uqo,a kS;s mk; ^ixfYdaê; m˙†& hgf;a
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ uQ,H uKav,h úiska m%;sm;a;s mshjr
ksYaph ls¯ug wu;rj uy nexl=fõ n,;," hq;=lï iy
lr®;jHhka mejefrk w;r" nexl=fõ l<ukdld˙;ajh"
fufyhqï iy m˙md,kh i|yd fmd≥fõ j.lsjhq;=
jkafkah' nexl=j úiska uQ,slj YS% ,xldfõ uqo,a" uQ,H iy
f.ùï moaO;s m˙md,kh" wëlaIKh iy kshdukh i|yd
fmd≥fõ j.lsjhq;= w;r rcfha uQ,H ksfhda‚; f,i o
lghq;= lrkq ,efí' nexl=fõ l%shdldrlïj,g m%Odk
jYfhka my; i|yka ± we;=<;a h'
l uqo,a iy úksuh wkqmd; m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul ls¯u'
l uqo,a ksl=;a ls¯u'
l uQ,H moaO;sfhys ksoyia ;r.ld˙;ajh iy ia:dhS;djh
ie,iSu'
l iq≥iqlï,;a uQ,H wdh;kj,g n,m;% ,nd°u iy
wëlaIKh'
l wka;r® nexl= fíreï ls¯fï moaO;sh ixúOdkh
yd l<ukdlrKh iy f.ùï moaO;sfhys ksis
l%shdld¯;ajh m%jr®Okh ls¯u'
l úúO myiqlï hgf;a rchg" nexl=j,g iy uQ,H
wdh;kj,g Kh iy w;a;sldrï iemhSu'
l rch iy rch fjkqfjka l%h s dlrk ksfhda‚; wdh;k
iu. ksYÑ a ; úêúOdk hgf;a iqrlaI;
s d.drhla f,i
l%h
s dls¯u'
Y%S ,xldfõ M,∞hS iïm;a ixjr®Okh" †˙ .ekaùu iy
m%jr®Okh ls¯fï woyiska hq;=j tys mrudr®:h jk wdr®:ßl"
ñ, iy uQ,H moaO;sfha ia:dhS;dj imqrd.ekSu i|yd
mj;ajd f.khk l%shdldrlï" úfoaYSh uqo,a l%shdldrlï
iy foaYSh uqo,a l%shdldrlï f,i mqΩ,aj fjkalr
±laúh yelsh' fuu l%shdldrlïj, m%;sM, wd∞hï
m%ldYkhg w∞<j fufyhqï l%shdldrlï fõ'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
4'1 úfoaYSh uqo,a l%shdldrlï
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska tys úfoaYSh ixÑ;
l<ukdlrKh hgf;a mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk úfoaYSh
uqo,a j;alïj,ska úfoaYSh uqo,a l%shdldrlï m%Odk
jYfhka cks; fõ' úfoaYSh ixÑ; l<ukdlrK l<U"
úfoaYSh uqo,a ue†y;aùfï ldr®hhka i|yd jq úfoaYSh uqo,a
j;alï iy fjf<| lghq;= i|yd jq wksl=;a úfoaYSh uqo,a
j;alïj,ska iukaú; fõ'
úfoaYhS uqo,a j;alï úúO uqo,a jr®.j,ska mj;ajd .kq
,efí' thska jeä m%udKhla wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmo
fvd,r®" TiafÜ%,hs dkq fvd,r®" hqfrda" ì%;dkH mjqï" cmka
fhka iy kjiS,ka; fvd,r® j,ska y∫kajd we;'
fuu úfoaYSh uqo,a l<U ;=< jq uQ,H ,shú,s m%Odk
jYfhka ffij¯ iq/l=ïm;a m%;sjr®;s; ñ,° .ekSfï
.kqfokq hgf;a orkq ,nk iq/l=ï fyda wksl=;a uy
nexl=" jd◊c nexl= yd wksl=;a Ndrldr wdh;k fj; jq
fYaIhkaf.ka iukaú; fõ'
úfoaYSh fjf<|fmdf<a fufyhqïj,ska Woa.; jkakd jq
úfoaYSh uqo,a j;alï iy nerlï o" l,ska l,g Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j úiska orkq ,efí'
4'2 foaYSh uqo,a l%shdldrlï
foaYSh uqo,a l%shdldrlï my; i|yka m˙† Woa.; fõ'
(i) øjYS,;d l<ukdlrK fufyhqï( nexl= moaO;shg
wruqo,a w;a;sldrï °fuka fyda nexl= moaO;sfhka
wruqo,a wdmiq .ekSfuka rchg fyda uQ,H
fjf<|fmd<g ffokslj is≥jk Y=oaO .,dhdï ys,õ
lrkq ,efí' fuu lghq;= fndfyduhla ffoksl
fjf<|fmd< fufyhqï u.ska is≥lrkq ,efí'
(ii) újD; fjf<`ofmd< lghq;= i`oyd wdOdrlhla
jYfhka Y%S ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a j,ska iukaú;
wdfhdack l<Ula nexl=j mj;ajd .kS' nexl=fõ
m%;sm;a;sh jkafka fuu wdfhdack fj<`∞u i|yd
fkdj uqo,a fufyhqï lghq;= i|yd muKla mj;ajd
.ekSuh'
4'3 Ndr iy Ndrldr;aj l%shdldrlï
Ndrldr iy m˙md,k úêúOdk hgf;a Y%S ,xld uy
nexl=j úiska m˙md,kh lrkq ,nk uqo,a" nexl=fõ uQ,H
m%ldYkhka f.ka wka;r®.; fldgila fkdjk neúka
tajd fuu uQ,H m%ldYkfhys we;=<;a lr fkdue;'
II fldgi - 19
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

5' úfoaYSh iq/l=ïm;aj, wfhdackhka wd& by; i|yka jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK iukaú;
jkqfha uqo,a yqjudre" uqo,a úl,am" b†˙ úfoaY
2016 2015 úksuh .súiqï" iy fmd,S wkqmd; yqjudrej,sks'
re' 000 re' 000 fujeks WmlrK fhd∞ .kqfha nexl=fõ jHjia:dms;
,dN$w,dN u; idOdrK wruqKla jk cd;Hka;r wruqo,a mj;ajd .ekSfï °
jákdlug we;s iq/l=ïm;a mek k.skakd jQ fj<|fmd, iy øjYS,;d wj∞kï
- úfoaYSh iqrel=ïm;aj, l<ukdlrKh ls¯u i|ydh' óg wu;rj uy nexl=j
29,882,588 23,986,740
wdfhdackhka úiska n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=" n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs;
- rka ^fnod fjka l< nexl= iy úfoaY uy nexl= iu`. yqjudre .súiqïj,g
13,396,167 11,792,925 t<öu u.ska Y%S ,xld remsh, wka;r®cd;slj ia:djrj
fkdyels&
mj;ajd .ekSu;a" foaYSh uQ,H moaO;sh Yla;su;a
43,278,755 35,779,665
ls¯u;a" úfoaY uqo,a rg;=,g f.k taug tu nexl=
úls”u i|yd we;s wdfhdack †˙u;a ls¯u;a wfmalaId flfr®'
- úfoaYSh iqrel=ïm;aj,
341,225,162 344,668,225 we& jHq;amkakhka hkq fmd,S wkqmd;" uQ,H WmlrKj,
wdfhdackhka
jákdlu" NdKav ñ, .Kka" úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;"
- tAll wdfhdack 7,319,488 7,386,257 Kh wj∞kï iy or®Yl fjkiaùïj,g wkqj w.h
348,544,650 352,054,482 ;SrKh jk uQ,H .súiqïh'
úfoaY iqrel=ïm;aj, tl;=j 391,823,405 387,834,147 wE& fláld,Sk øjYS,;djh md,kh ls¯u i|yd jQ
Wmdhudr®.hla f,i t<UqKq uqo,a yqjudre (Currency
úfoAYSh iq/l=ïm;a wdfhdack ;=< Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j 2016 SWAP) nexl=fõ jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK
jir ;=<° f,dal nexl=j u.ska md,kh lrkq ,nk ixÑ; l<Ufhys jeo.;a fldgila jYfhka wvx.= ù we;'
l<ukdlrKh iy WmfoaYk jevigyk (RAMP)ys uqo,a yqjudrejl° nexl=j" kshñ; †k foll° tla
lrk ,† wdfhdack we;=<;a fõ' tu RAMP wdfhdackfha uqo,a jr®.hlska ksYaÑ; m%udKhla ;j;a uqo,a jr®.
2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg jákdlu re' ñ,shk 29"882'59 la hla iu`. tl`. jq wkqmd;hka hgf;a yqjudre lr
fõ' .kS'
6' jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK b& b†˙ úfoaY úksuh .súiqï u`.ska nexl=j" tl`. jQ
w& my; olajd we;s j.=j u.ska jHq;amkak uQ,H wkqmd;hlg" tl`. jQ b†˙ †khl° ksYaÑ; úfoaY
WmlrKhkays idOdrK w.hka tys ld,amksl w.hka uqo,a m%udKhla ñ,° .ekSug fyda úls”ug ne£ isà'
iu. j;alï fyda nerlï jYfhka jdr®;d lr we;' ^B& fmd,S wkqmd;sl yqjudrefõ° nexl=j úiska
o< w.hka jYfhka jdr®;d lr we;s ld,amksl w.hka
m%;smdr®Yajlrejkag ksYaÑ; fmd,S wkqmd;slhla
f,i y`≥kd .kqfha jHq;amkakhg mdol jQ j;alfuys
^yqjudre wkqmd;slh& f.jkq ,nk w;r ksr®foaYs;
ksr®foaY wkqmd;fhys fyda or®Ylfhys w.h jk
wkqmd;sl or®Ylhla jk úp,H fmd,S wkqmd;slhla
w;r jHq;amkak WmlrKhkaf.a w.hkays is≥jk
ysñ fõ ^f;uil wka;r® nexl= wr®mK wkqmd;slh ›
fjkiaùï ñkqï ls¯fï moku o fõ' ld,m˙Éf√ofha
wjidk †kg ys`.j mj;sk .kqfoKqj, m˙udj wdka;slh&' fuys m%;sf,dauho ls%hd;aul fõ'
ld,amksl w.hkaf.ka ksrEmKh jk w;r tu.ska W& iuia: wj∞kï l<ukdlrKfhys fldgila f,i
fj<`om, wjodku fyda Kh wjodku fkdye`.fõ' jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrKj,ska wfmalaIs; m%;s,dN
2016 2015 nexl=j fj; ,eîu ;yjqre ls¯ug" nexl=j úiska
ld,amksl ld,amksl jHq;amkak .súiqï fj; ksrdjrKh ùu ióm
j;alï
re' 000
j.lSï
re' 000
w.h
re' 000
j;alï
re' 000
j.lSï
re' 000
w.h
re' 000
jYfhka wëlaIKh lrkq ,nhs'
uqo,a yqjudre
(Currency SWAPS) 198,880 8,659,453 374,297,030 - 13,989,728 379,377,271 7' cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, ^cd'uQ'w'& iïnkaO j;alï
b†˙fhys jQ yqjudre
^Forward Forex) - 2,410 2,771,960 2,259 169 4,725,243 2016 2015
wka;r®.; re' 000 re' 000
jHq;amkak úksuh
úl,amhka - 5,911,812 85,524,565 - 10,290,162 157,782,073 úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï ±¯u 303,070 970,272
(Currency Option)
fmd,S wkqmd; cd'uQ'w' mx.=j 116,559,364 82,527,455
yqjudre
(Interest Rate - - - 1,886 249 1,440,623 cd'uQ'w' ;ekam;=j 145,906 138,623
SWAP)
uqΩ cd'uQ'w' j;alï 117,008,340 83,636,350
tl;=j 198,880 14,573,675 462,593,555 4,145 24,280,308 543,325,210

II fldgi - 20 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi
w& úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï oeÍu
úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï ^ú'.e'ys'& ±¯u jQ l,S cd'uQ'w'
iud‚lhka yg ndOdjlska f;drj mdúÉÑ l< yels uqo,a
jr®. i|yd mj;sk úNjH ysñluls' tkï" ú'.e'ys' orkakka
úiska tu uqo,a i|yd wfkl=;a ixÑ; uqo,a yqjudre
lr.; yelsùuh' tlS idud‚lhka tu uqo,a ú'.e'yss'
±¯ug iy ms<s.ekSug ne£ isáu iy ú'.e'yss' moaO;sfha
fufyhqïj,g w∞,j úúO j.lSïj,g .re ls¯ug ne£
isàu ksid ixÑ; j;alula f,i ú'.e'ys' úfYaI fõ'
wndOj mdúÉÑ l< yels uqo,a u; ú'.e'ys' j, mj;sk
ysñlu fohdldrhlska .re ls¯u cd'uQ'w' úiska ;yjqre
lrkq ,efí' tkï" ≥r®j, úfoaYSh ;;a;ajhkays mj;sk
idud‚lhkaf.ka ú'ye'.s' ñ,g .ekSu i|yd n,j;a
úfoaYSh ;;a;ajhka mj;akd idud‚lhka kï ls¯u u.ska
iy l<ukdlrKh l< fjf<|fmd<la ;=< idud‚lhka
w;r" iafjÉPd yqjudre ls¯u u.ska h' w∞< jdr®;dlrK
†kfha ° nexl=j úiska ork ,o uqΩ m%udKh by;
ixLHdjkaf.ka ±lafõ'
wd& cd'uQ'w' mx.=j
cd'uQ'w' ys j;alï j, m%d:ñl uQ,dY%h jkafka tys idud‚l
rgj,ska ,nd .kakd ,o cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo,a mx.=j
fyj;a m%.aOk ∞hl;ajhhs' tla tla rgj, mx.=j" mqΩ,a
jYfhka" tu rfgys idfmaCI wdr®:ßl jákdlu mokï lr
.ksñka ;srKh lrkq ,nhs' cd'uQ'wruqof,ys idud‚l;ajh
,nd.ekSfuka miq ;u mx.=fjka 25]l m%udKhla mqΩ,aj
ms<s.;a úfoaY uqo,lska fyda úfoaY .ekqï ysñlu u.skao
b;s˙ 75]l uqo, tu rfgys foaYsh uqo,skao f.úh hq;=h'
cd'uQ' wruqof,a fldkafoaisj,g wkqj rch fjkqfjka
nexl=j ish .sKqfukau .kqfokq is≥lrkq ,nk fyhska
cd'uQ'w' mx.=j nexl=fõ j;alula f,i ksfhdackh fõ'
tys m%;sM,hla jYfhka Y%S ,xld c'uq'w' mx.=j ú'.e'ys'
ñ,shk 413'40 la jQ fmr mx.= m%udKfha isg 2016 fmnrjd˙
17 jk †kg ú'.e'ys' ñ,shk 578'80 olajd jr®Okh úh'
cd'uq wruqof,a fmd≥ mx.= iudf,dapk .súiqu hgf;a" 2016
ckjd˙ ui ° 189la jQ cd'uq'w idud‚lhkaf.a mx.=j jeä
ls¯ug ;SrKh lrk ,°'
cd'uQ'w' mx.=j i|yd f.úh hq;= uqo, 19 jk igyfka mx.=
nerlu YSr®Ih hgf;a olajd we;' idud‚l mx.=j u`.ska
cd'uq'w' iu`. rgl mj;sk uQ,Huh iy ixúOdkd;aul
iïnkaO;djh ;yjqrelrkq ,nk w;r my; myiqlï o
fï i|yd we;=<;a fõ'
i.) ∞hlh - cd'uQ'w' fj; idud‚lhl=f.a ∞hlh
idud‚lhdf.a mx.=jg iudk fõ' tu.ska idud‚lhd
úiska cd'uQ'w' fj; ,nd°ug ne£ we;s Wm˙u uQ,H iïm;a
m%udKh ksYaph lrkq ,efí' idud‚lhl= úiska ∞hlh
iïmqr®Kfhka u f.úh hq;= w;r" ishhg 25 la cd'uQ'w'
úiska kshu lrkq ,nk ixÑ; j;alïj,ska ^ú'.e'ys'
fyda mdúÉÑ l< yels uqo,a& f.úh hq;=h' b;s˙ m%udKh
idud‚lhdf.a jHjydr uqo,ska f.úh hq;=h'
ii.) Pkaoh °fï n,;, - cd'uQ'w' ;SrKj,° idud‚lhdf.a
Pkaoh °fï n,;, mx.=j u.ska ksr®jpkh fõ' tla tla
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
cd'uQ'w' idud‚lhdg uQ,sl Pkaohla o mx.=fjys iEu
ú'.e'ys' 100"000 la i|yd tla w;sfr®l Pkaohla o ne.ska
ysñ fõ' 2008 m%;sixialrK u`.ska uQ,sl Pkao ixLHdj uqΩ
Pkao ixLHdfjka ishhg 5'50 la f,i ia:djr lrk ,°'
iii.) uQ,HlrKhg msúiSu - cd'uq'w' u.ska idud‚lfhl=g
,nd.; yels uQ,H myiqlï m%udKh ^msúiSfï iSud&
idud‚lhdf.a mx.=j u; ;SrKh fõ' iómia: iy jHdma;
l< ie,iqï m%ldr idud‚lfhl=g jdr®Islj mx.=fjka
ishhg 200 la o iuqÉÑ; jYfhka ishhg 600 la o olajd
Kh ,nd.; yelsh' widudkH wjia:djl° iy ksYaÑ;
.egΩ úiπ .ekSu i|yd m%fõYh óg jeäúh yelsh'
iv.) ú'.e'ys' fjkals¯ï - idudcslhkaf.a mx.=j,g
iudkqmd;slj Tjqkf a .a ú'.e'ys' fjkals¯ï m%udKh kshu
lrkq ,efí'
we& cd'uQ' wruqof,a ;ekam;= - È<s÷lu msgq±lSfï iy j¾Ok
myiqlu - (PRGF - HIPC) Ndr ;ekam;=j
oeä Kh.e;s Ndjhg m;aù isák rgj,a fjkqfjka †<s∫lu
msgq±lSfï iy jr®Ok myiqlu ^PRGF - HIPC& fjkqfjka"
2000 wfm%a,a 21 jk †k" cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, iuÛ
Á ,xldj mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk ^m˙md,s; -Administered&
ú'.e'ys' 788"783 l fYaIhlska hq;a úfYaI ú,ïNS; .sKqu
^SCA 2& mej¯fuka wrUk ,°' fuu .sKqu wrUk ,oafoa
cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,ys u. fmkaùu u; SCA 2
.sKqu jid ±óug ;SrKh ls¯fï ° SCA 2 .sKqfuys
meje;s fYaIh udre ls¯fuks'
fuu .sKqfuys fYaIhka we;s rgj,ska cd'uQ'w' my;
±lafjk b,a,Sï lrk ,°' Wla; .sKqfuys i|yka fYaIhka
(PRGF-HIPC) Ndr .sKqu fj; m%;smdok ls¯u l< hq;af;a
tljr fokq ,nk mejereula f,iska fyda iykdOdrhla
f,isks' fuh PRGF-HIPC Kh fjkqfjka imhd †h hq;=h'
ta wkqj SCA 2 .sKqfï fYaIh PRGF-HIPC Ndr .sKqu
fj; mjrd °ug Y%S ,xld rch tlÛ úh' fuh mjrd fokq
,nkafka tljr uq∞y˙kq ,nk iykdOdrhla f,iska
fkdj 2018 jir olajd n, meje;afjk fmd<S rys;
;ekam;=jla jYfhks'
8' YS% ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a
uqo,a m%;sm;a;s hgf;a újg fjf<|fmd< lghq;=
mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 90^2& j.ka;sh
wkqj YS% ,xld uy nexl=j u.ska ,nd.;a iy mj;ajdf.k
hkq ,nk rdcH iq/l=ïm;a l<U fï hg;g .efka'
9' rchg fok ,o ld,Sk w;a;sldrï
rcfha taldnoaO wruqo,ska ±¯u i|yd wjir ,nd° we;s
úhoï uQ,Hkh i|yd jQ kshuhkays i|yka lr we;s
;;a;ajhkag hg;aj uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 89 jk j.ka;sh
hgf;a Y%S ,xld rchg ,ndfok w;a;sldrï fuu.ska
ksfhdackh lrhs'
10' nexl=j,g fok ,o Kh
uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 5 jk m˙Éf√ofha III ^w& fldgig wkqj
M,∞hS;d lghq;= i|yd ,ndfokq ,nk Kh fõ'
II fldgi - 21
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

2016 2015 ^ii& w∞< wdh;kj, jQ wdfhdackhkaf.a OdrK jákdlu

re' 000 re' 000
2016 2015
uOHu iy †.=ld,Sk Kh fhdackd l%uh wdh;kh
- iïnkaê; mdr®Yjhka 31,340 33,534 re' 000 re' 000
iqiyk iqkdñ Kh fhdackd l%uh isudiys; Y%S ,xld Kh f;dr;=re
^I iy II w†hr& ldr®hdxYh 5,845 5,845
- iïnkaê; mdr®Yajhka - 10,665 iSudiys; ,xld la,shr® ^mqoa.,sl&
m<d;ano ixjr®Ok Kh fhdackd l%uh iud.u 29,500 29,500
- iïnkaê; mdr®Yajhka 112,652 233,867 iSudiys; µsÉ fr®áka.aia ,xld
iud.u 3,500 3,500
fi!Nd.Hd Kh fhdackd l%uh
,xld µhskEkaI,a ir®úiia ìhqfrda
- iïnkaê; mdr®Yajhka 101,176 175,296 ,sñgâ 2,250 2,250
- wfkl=;a 30,768 47,864 uqΩ wdfhdackh 41,095 41,095
kef.kysr wdr®:ßl lghq;= kej; k`.d
isgqùu
12' wksl=;a j;alï
- iïnkaê; mdr®Yajhka 115,977 212,265
- wfkl=;a 53,296 76,984 2016 2015
W;=re yd kef.kysr ydks jQ ksjdi re' 000 re' 000
m%;sixialrKh
- iïnkaê; mdr®Yjhka 30,310 36,267 wNHka;r wruqo,ays wdfhdack 5,208,837 4,302,590
msìfok W;=r Kh fhdackd l%uh ^w†hr II& j;alï u; ydkslrK .dia;= (139,131) -
- iïnkaê; mdr®Yajhka 34,632 84,140 Y=oaO wNHka;r wruqo,ays wdfhdack 5,069,706 4,302,590
- wfkl=;a 1,194 2,778 l%ulaIh ms˙jehg ldr®h uKav, Kh 4,588,285 4,234,875
wvql<d( NdKavd.dr iy wfkl=;a wud;HxY
1,401,497 1,378,695
wvudk ,eìh hq;= uqo,a i|yd fjka ls¯u (27,302) (27,302) j,ska ,eìh hq;= ≤
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=fjka 208,977 311,572
Y=oaO ,eìh hq;= uqo, 484,043 886,357 ,eìh hq;= ≤
l%ulaIh ms˙jehg Khlr wdfhdack 11,964 10,564
wvudk Kh i|yd fjka ls¯fï p,kh wfkl=;a ,eìh hq;= ≤ 26,941 27,103
2016 2015 11,307,370 10,265,399
re' 000 re' 000
uQ,H fkdjk j;alï
wdrïNl fYaIh 27,302 27,302
wvudK Kh lmd ye¯u - - ldr®h uKav, Kh u; jQ ú,ïNS; j;alï 1,015,226 899,025
foieïnr® 31 †kg wjidk fYaIh 27,302 27,302 12,322,596 11,164,424

11' uQ,H iy wksl=;a wdh;k j, yssñlre m%d.aOk Khlrj, wdfhdack u.ska ksfhdackh jkafka
wdfhdack ur®lkaghs,a fl%äÜ iud.u fj; 1988 ° nexl=j úiska
,nd ° ;snQ iy 2011 ° iïmQr®Kfhkau lmd y˙k ,o
uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 105 ^w& j.ka;h
s hgf;a fuu wdfhdack
m%;suQ,H Kh myiqlfuka fldgila mshjd .ekSu i`oyd
is≥ lrkq ,nhs' fuh hgf;a uqo,a uKav,fha wNsu;h
,enqKq Khlrj, jákdluhs' fuu iud.u wEjr ls¯fï
m˙† nexl= iy uQ,H wxYfha udkj iïm;a iy ;dlaI◊l
lghq;= ;ju;a iïmQr®K lr fkdue;s w;r b;s˙ uqo,
ixjr®Okh" †hqKqj iy m%jr®Okh i|yd fyda Y%S ,xldfõ
wEjr ls¯fuka W;amdokh jk uqo,ska mshjd .kq we;'
l%shd;aul jd◊c nexl=j, .kqfokq ksYaldIKh ls¯u
myiq ls¯u i|yd msysgqjk ,o iud.ul fldgia w;am;alr Y%S ,xld b;s˙ ls¯fï nexl=j ksl=;a lrkq ,≥j nexl=j
.ekSug nexl=j fj; n,;, mjrd ;sfí' fj; ysñ jQ re' 10"839"500 jákdlñka hq;a Khlr
l%ulaIh ms˙jehg jdr®;d lr we;' iq/l= fkd,;a fuu
^i& wdfhdack ;;a;ajh Khlr jr®I 10 la i|yd hg;a" ksoyia l, yels yd
wdh;kh jHdmdr lghq;=j, orK m%;Y
s ;h 5] jdr®Isl fmd<s ysñlula fyda tla wjqre≥ NdKavd.dr
iajNdjh 2016 2015 ì,am;a m%;s,dN wkqmd;hka w;=˙ka wvq w.hg jdr®Islj
iSudiys; ,xld la,shr® iajhxlS%h fplam;a 19.66 19.66 WmÑ; lrhs'
^mqoa.,sl& iud.u ksYaldIKh
iSudiys; µsÉ fr®áka.aia Kh fY%aKs.; ls¯u 10.00 10.00 13' rka
,xld iud.u
,xld µhskEkaI,a iajhxlS%h wruqo,a 7.50 7.50 uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 67^1& iy 67^2& j.ka;s m%ldrj nexl=fõ
ir®úiia ìhqfrda ,sñgâ yqjudrej
cd;Hka;r ixÑ;fha fldgila f,i nexl=j i;=j we;s
iSudiys; Y%S ,xld Kh Kh f;dr;=re 19.30 19.30
f;dr;=re ldr®hdxYh iïmdokh rkaj, jákdlu fuhska woyia fõ' ;jo uqo,a kS;s

II fldgi - 22 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

mkf;a j.ka;s 67^2& m%ldrj" wju jYfhka rka kHIaál m˙jr®:kh l< yels úksuhla f,iska mj;ajd.ekSug
ixÑ;hla f,iska fyda rkaj,g ksoyfia Rcqj fyda jl%j uqo,a uKav,hg is≥ fõ'
14' f;d.

2016 2015
re' 000 re' 000
ixirKh i`oyd we;s fkdaÜgq 3,402,661 2,179,294
ixirKh i`oyd we;s ldis 1,779,021 961,716
udr®.ia: ldis 116,197 143,336
udr®.ia: fkdaÜgq 803,227 128,026
6,101,106 3,412,372
wvql<d ( fiñka p,kh jk
whs;uhka i|yd fjkals˙ï (45,000) (45,000)
6,056,106 3,367,372
,sms øjH iy úúO f;d. 58,557 52,259
ffjoH uOHia:dk f;d.h 198 333
ms˙jeh fyda Y=oaO Wm,íê jákdlu hk
fof lka wvq jákdlug uqΩ f;d.h 6,114,861 3,419,964

15' foam< msrsh; iy WmlrK

ms˙h; iy wksl=;a
bvï iy ,S nvq iy fudagr® tl;=j tl;=j
ms˙jeh ms˙h; m˙.Kl lshùï fkdksñ
f.dvke.s,s WmlrK jdyk 2016 2015
WmlrK WmlrK b†ls¯ï
re'000 re'000 re'000 re'000 re'000 re'000 re'000 re'000 re'000
ckjd˙ 01 †kg w.h 13,369,401 1,283,488 1,230,501 489,475 810,574 53,007 1,366,603 18,603,049 17,422,764
m%;Hd.Kkh 1,848,249 - - - - - - 1,848,249 -
tl;= ls¯ï - 5,295 49,535 - 47,988 764 389,590 493,172 1,235,918
neyer ls¯ï - - (1,145) - (18,176) - - (19,321) (25,756)
udre ls¯ï 1,506,711 207,139 2,923 - 2,653 237 (1,724,798) (5,135) (29,877)
foieïnr® 31 †kg w.h 16,724,361 1,495,922 1,281,814 489,475 843,039 54,008 31,395 20,920,014 18,603,049

ms˙h; iy wksl=;a
bvï iy ,S nvq iy tl;=j tl;=j
laIh ms˙h; fudagr® jdyk m˙.Kl lshùï fkdksñ
f.dvke.s,s WmlrK 2016 2015
WmlrK WmlrK b†ls¯ï
re'000 re'000 re'000 re'000 re'000 re'000 re'000 re'000 re'000
ckjd˙ 01 †kg w.h 662,493 718,434 706,812 340,845 718,222 33,928 - 3,180,734 2,736,068
jr®Ih i|yd laIh 198,998 66,408 81,326 35,611 51,125 1,220 - 434,688 469,674
m%;Hd.Kkh (809,150) - - - - - - (809,150) -
neyer ls¯ï - - (1,089) - (17,559) - - (18,648) (25,008)
foieïnr® 31 †kg w.h 52,341 784,842 787,049 376,456 751,788 35,148 - 2,787,624 3,180,734
Y=oaO fmd;a w.h 16,672,020 711,080 494,765 113,019 91,251 18,860 31,395 18,132,390 15,422,315

bvï iy f.dvke.s,sj, OdrK jákdlu" idOdrK
jákdlu wkqj igyka lrkq ,efí' b;d wdikaku
iajdëk ;lafiarej 2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg tµa'tï'
jeÆjria úiska is≥ lrk ,o w;r 2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg
th jdr®;d.; lr ;snq◊'
nexl=fõ foam,la jk ksõfhdar®la iy n%is,a foam, idOdrK
w.hg jdr®;d lr fkdue;s w;r tys ms˙jeh wud;H
uKav, ;SrKhlg wkqj 2016 fkdjeïnr® ui ° úfoaY
lghq;= wud;HdxY f,alï hg;g udre ls¯ug ;SrKh lr
we;' ;jo fuu foam<" úls”u i`oyd r`ojdf.k we;s
j;alï hgf;a jr®.SlrKh fkdlr foam<" ms˙h; iy
WmlrK hgf;a fy<sorõ lr we;'
fuu uQ,H jr®Ih ;=,° nexl=j úiska uqo,a f.ùu u.ska re'
ñ,shk 488'04 ^2015 - re'ñ,shk 1"206'04& uqΩ jákdlñka
hq;a foam," ms˙h; iy WmlrK w;am;a lr.kakd ,°'
2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg uqΩukskau laIh lrk ,o kuq;a
Ndú;fha we;s j;alïj, jákdlu re' ñ,shk 1"404'91 la
fõ ^2015 re' ñ,shk 1"303'09&'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 23

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

nexl=fõ iskaklalr bvï yd f.dvke.s,s yd l,anÿ bvïj, we;s f.dvke.s,sj, ;lafiare f;dr;=re
jr,;a mr®pia tll jr®. wähl weia;fïka;=.;
foam< ;lafiare msg;g hk jir ñ,°
;lafiarelrejkaf.a weia;fïka;=.; weia;fïka;=.; udisl
m%fõYh úhoï .ekSï
kï ñ, ñ, l=,sh
bvï yd f.dvke.s,s
m%Odk ldr®hd,h - fld<U 01 tA'tA'tï' µd;syq fj<|fmd, m%fõYh 12,500,000 9,000 - 15,000 - - -
yd ms˙jeh m%fõYh
jhsÜ^w&fõia f.dvke.s,a, -fld<U - 01 - tu - wd∞hï m%fõYh 13,500,000 - 6,000,000 40% 16.66
f,dhsâia f.dvke.s,a, -fld<U - 01 - tu - wd∞hï m%fõYh 13,500,000 - 6,750,000 40% 16.66
fikag%,a fmdhskaÜ f.dvke.s,a, - tu - wd∞hï m%fõYh 14,000,000 - 7,500,000 35% 16.66
fld<U - 01
nexl= ú≥ mshi - rdc.s˙h - tu - fjf<`ofmd, m%fõYh 2,500,000 - 3,500,000 2,500 - 9,500 - - -
yd ms˙jeh m%fõYh
wêm;s ks, ksji - fld<U 07 - tu - fj<|fmd, m%fõYh 7,500,000 3,500 - 8,500 - - -
yd ms˙jeh m%fõYh
m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd,h - ud;r - tu - fj<|fmd, m%fõYh 1,500,000 - 3,000,000 4,000 - 7,500 - - -
yd ms˙jeh m%fõYh
m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd,h - ud;f,a - tu - fj<|fmd, m%fõYh 100,000 - 500,000 2,500 - 7,500 - - -
yd ms˙jeh m%fõYh
ksjdvq ksfla;kh - kqjrt<sh - tu - fj<|fmd, m%fõYh 1,000,000 2,000 - 7,000 - - -
yd ms˙jeh m%fõYh
ksjdvq ksfla;kh - l;r.u - tu - fj<|fmd, m%fõYh 200,000 4,500 - 10,000 - - -
yd ms˙jeh m%fõYh
l,an≥ bvïj, we;s f.dvke.s,s
m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd,h - wkqrdOmqrh - tu - ms˙jeh m%fõYh - 3,500 - 7,500 - - -
ksjdvq ksfla;kh - wkqrdOmqrh - tu - ms˙jeh m%fõYh - 5,500 - - -
m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd,h - ls,sfkdÉÑ - tu - ms˙jeh m%fõYh - 1,500 - 7,000 - - -
ksjdvq ksfla;kh - fidaudj;sh - tu - ms˙jeh m%fõYh - 10,000 - - -

bvï iy f.dvke.s,sj, ixhq;sh fuu uQ,H jr®Ih ;=, ° nexl=j úiska uqo,a f.ùu u.ska
OdrK w.h OdrK w.h re'ñ' 1'12 ^2015 - re'ñ' 21'63& uqΩ jákdlulska hq;=
2016 2015 wiamDIH j;alï w;am;a lr .kakd ,°'
re' 000 re' 000
2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg iïmQr®Kfhka l%u laIh lrk ,o
iskaklalr bvï 8,976,339 5,689,063
tfy;a ;j ≥rg;a m%fhdackhg .kakd wiamDYH j;alïj,
iskaklalr bvïj, f.dvke.s,s 7,424,982 6,935,388 m%udKh re' ñ' 613'34 la fõ ^2015 re' ñ' 594'08&'
l,an≥ bvïj, f.dvke.s,s 270,700 82,457
17' nexl= iy uQ,H wdh;k
16,672,021 12,706,908

2016 2015
m%;Hd.Kkh l< bvï iy f.dvke.s,s" uQ,H re' 000 re' 000
m%ldYkhkays laIh wvql< ms˙jehg oelajqfha kï tajdfha
úfoaYSh nexl=j,g f.úh hq;=
OdrK jákdlu re'ñ' 8"762'63 la fõ ^2015 - re'ñ'
uqo,a 45,267,025 11,524,984
9"998'75&'
16' wiamDIH j;alï wksl=;a úfoaYSh uQ,H
wdh;khkag f.úh hq;= uqo,a 299,656 523,257
2016 2015 45,566,681 12,048,241
m˙.Kl uD≥ldx. ( re' 000 re' 000
ms˙jeh(
ckjd˙ 01 †kg w.h 948,648 927,022
tl;= ls¯ï 1,124 21,626
foieïnr® 31 †kg w.h 949,772 948,648

l%ulaIh iy ydkslrKh(
ckjd˙ 01 †kg w.h 708,038 620,938
jr®Ih i|yd l%ulaIh .dia;=j 85,414 87,100
foieïnr® 31 †kg w.h 793,452 708,038

Y=oaO fmd;a w.h(

ckjd˙ 01 †kg w.h 240,610 306,084
foieïnr® 31 †kg w.h 156,320 240,610

II fldgi - 24 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi
18' wdishdkq ksYaldIK ix.uh
iyNd.sjk rgj, uy nexl= w;r f.ùï fíreï
ls¯fï wdh;khla jYfhka tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wdishdkq
iy meisµsla l,dmfha wdr®:ßl iy idud‚l lghq;=
fldñifï uQ,sl;ajh hgf;a wdishdkq ksYaldIK
ix.uh ^wd'ks'i'& 1974 jr®Ifha ° msysgqjk ,°' YS% ,xldj"
nx.,dfoaYh" brdkh" fkamd,h" mlsia:dkh" bka†hdj"
N+;dkh" ñhkaudrh iy ud,†jhsk tys iyNd.s rgj,a
fõ' fuh iyNd.s jk rgj,a w;r m%jr®;k cd;Hka;r
.kqfokq nyqmdr®Yaùh mokula u; fíreï ls¯u i|yd jq
ksYaldIK l%uhls' tla tla udih wjidkfha ° mj;akd
Y=oaO ;;a;ajh udi foll Kh ld, m˙Éf√ohlska
miqj fíreï ls¯u fyda ,nd.ekSu is≥lrkq ,efí'
Y=oO
a Kh.e;shka úiska 0'34] l isg 0'51] la olajd jq
fmd<shla we't'c' fvd,r® i|yd o ^2015 ° th 0'02] la
iy 0'23] la úh& hqfrda i|yd 0'00] l isg 0'00] olajd
jQ fmd<sshla ^2015 - 0'00] iy 0'00]& fuu myiqlï i|yd
f.jkq ,efí' th fíreï ls¯fï †khka w;r Y=oO a Kh
ysñhkaf.a ffoksl m˙fYaI fYaIhkag udre lrkq ,efí'
tu fYaIfhka wod, jdr®;dlrK †kg wd'ks'i' fj; f.úh
hq;= m%udKh ksfhdackh fõ'
19' cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, ^cd'uQ'w'&
2016 2015
re' 000 re' 000
fmd<sh ork Kh - m%jr®;k fkdjk 48,288,764 34,386,440
fmd<sh ork Kh - m%jr®;k 34,687,890 65,334,236
ú'.e'ys' fjkals¯ï 79,638,200 78,946,116
cd'uQ'w' fj; f.úh hq;= wksl=;a uqo,a 52,858,160 47,512,222
mx.= nerlï 54,067,582 25,465,330
221,251,832 217,257,904
cd'uQ'w' iïnkaO uqΩ nerlï 269,540,596 251,644,344
w& fmd,S orK Kh" úia;sr®K Kh myiqlï (EFF) yd
cd'uq' wruqof,ka ,nd.kakd iómia: Kh myiqlï
j,ska iukaú; fõ'
wd& úia;sr®K Kh myiqlu hkq rcfha wdr®:ßl
m%;sixialrK kHhdh m;%hg iyh °ug yd fYaIh
mshùu i|yd iyh °ug cd'uq'w' úiska fok ,o ;=ka
wjqre≥ myiqluls' cd'uq'w' 2016 cqks ys† úia;sr®K Kh
myiqlï ú'.e'ys ì,shk 1'10la ^wdikak jYfhka
we'fvd'ì,shk 1'5 la& ,nd °ug wkque;sh ° ;sfí'
fuu uqo, cd'uq' wruqof,a rgj,aj, jr®;udk
mx.=fjka ishhg 185 lg iudk fõ' 2016 cqks ui
úia;sr®K Kh myiqlu hgf;a m<uqjeks jd˙lh
f,i ú'.e'ys ñ,shk 119'89 la ^wdikak jYfhka
we'fvd'ñ,shk 168'10& uqo,lao" fojk Kh jd˙lh"
fojk iudf,dapkfhka miq 2016 fkdjeïnr® ui
ú'.e'ys ñ,shk 119'89 ^wdikak jYfhka we'fvd,r®
ñ,shk 162'56la& f.jk ,°' b;s˙ uqo, jir 3la
we;=<; jd˙l mylska fn∞ ye¯ug wfmalaId lrk
w;r tys wjika jd˙lh 2019 wfm%a,a ui ° is≥ ls¯ug
kshñ;h' úia;SrK Kh myiqlu i`oyd w∞, jk
fmd,S wkqmd;h Ndr uQ,sl wkqmd;h fõ' fuh ú'.e'ys'
fmd,S wkqmd;h ^jr®;udkfha ° jdr®Islj 0'05]& iy
mokï wxl 100ys tl;=jg iudk fõ'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
we& iñmia: Kh myiqlu (SBA) hkq Kh .kq ,nk
rgj,aj, idr®j wdr®:ßl l<uKdlrK lghq;= ioyd
jq ksYaÑ; fldkafoaisj,g hg;a j f.jqï fYaI lghq;=
uQ,HlrKh ioyd ,nd fokq ,nk ;j;a myiqluls'
cd'uQ'w' úiska 2009 cQ,s ui ú'.e'ys' ì,shk 1'65la
^we't'c' fvd,r® ì,shk 2'6& iómia: Kh myiqlula
f.jqï fYaI lghq;=j,g iyh °u i|yd wkqu;
lrk ,°' 2012 cQ,s ui wjidk jd˙lh ysñùu;a
iu. iómia: Kh myiqlu 2012 jir ;=<° idr®:lj
wjika jk ,°' fuu Kh uqo, wdmiq f.ùu
i|yd jr®I 5l ld,iSudjla ysñjk w;r th 2012
Tlaf;danr® uiska wdrïN jqks' fuu Kh myiqlu
i|yd whlrk fmd<S wkqmd;h" fiajd .dia;= yd
ia:djr wdka;slh hk fldgia follska iukaú; fõ'
fiajd .dia;=j" úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï fmd<S wkqmd;hg
hg;aj i;sm;d .Kkh lrkq ,efí' fkdf.jQ Kh
uqo, cd'uQ' wruqof,a mx.=fjka 300] jk f;la ia:djr
wdka;slh jdr®Islj 1] fõ' fkdf.jQ Kh uqo, cd'uQ'
wruqof,a mx.=fjka 300]la blaujk wjia:djl°
tu blaujQ m%udKh u; jr®Ihlg 2] la jQ wu;r
.dia;=jla whn≥ f,i f.úh hq;=fõ' 2012 Tlaf;danr®
25 jk †k ú'.e'ys' ñ,shk 25'80 l uqo,la m%:u wdmiq
f.ùu f,i mshjk ,°' ú'.e'ys' ñ,shk 1"128'24 la
iy ú'.e'ys' ñ,shk 327'28 uqo,la ms<sfj<ska 2013-
2015 iy 2016 jirj,° wdmiq f.jk ,o w;r 2016
foieïnr® 31 †kg fkdf.jQ fYaIh ú'.e'ys' ñ,shk
172'25 fõ'
fmd<S orK Kh i|yd udi 12 lg fmr iy miq fíreï
ls¯ug wfmalaIs; uqo,a my; i|yka m˙† fõ'
iM,
m˙K; 2016 2015
fmd,S
jr®Ih re' 000 re' 000
wkqmd;slh ]
m%jr®;k
iómia: Kh
myiqlu (SBA) 0.244 2017 34,687,890 65,334,236
34,687,890 65,334,236
m%jr®;k fkdjk
úia;Sr®K Kh 2026 48,288,764 -
myiqlu (EFF) 0.244
iómia: Kh
2017 - 34,386,440
myiqlu (SBA)
48,288,764 34,386,440
fmd<S orK uqΩ 82,976,654 99,720,675
Kh uqo,
wE& úfYaI .eKqï ysñlu ^ú'.e'ys'& hkq mj;akd ixÑ;
j;alïj,g m˙mqrKhka jYfhka †.=ld,Sk f.da,Sh
wjYH;djhka imqrd,Su i|yd cd'uQ'w' úiska
msysgqjk ,o ixÑ; j;aluls' idud‚l rgj,g
tajdfha cd'uQ'w' mx.= m%ldr ú'.e'ys' fjkals¯ï is≥
lrhs' cd'uQ'wruqof,ys ú'.e'ys' fomdr®;fïka;=jg
^cd'uQ'w' ;=< msysá .sKqï tallhls&" iyNd.S jk
rgj,g muKla ú'.e'ys' fjka l< yelsh' cd'uQ'w'
i;= rka" úfoaY úksuh iy ixÑ; ;;ajhka
wd° jQ ks, ixÑ; j;alïj,g m˙mQrl jYfhka
cd'uQ'w' úiska ú'.e'ys' ìys lrk ,°' nexl=j úiska
YS% ,xld rch fjkqfjka w;aika lrk ,o .súiqfï i|yka
we;eï fldkafoais m%ldr" cd'uQ'w' úiska idud‚lhkag
II fldgi - 25
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
Tjqkaf.a cd'uQ'w' mx.= m%udKh wkqj ú'.e'ys' fjka
l< yels jkafkah' cd'uQ'w' úiska ú'.e'ys' fjkals¯u
u.ska tla tla idud‚lhdg ms˙jeh rys; j;alula
Woa.; jk w;r ta i|yd fmd<S bmehSula fyda
f.ùula is≥ fkdfõ' ú'.e'ys' wj,x.= ls¯ug o
.súiqfï fldkafoaisj,ska úêúOdk i,id ;sfnk
kuq;a fuf;la tu úêúOdk l%shd;aul lr
fkdue;' ú'.e'ys' fjka ls¯ï jeä ùfuka 7 jeks
igyfka úia;r lr we;s m˙† ú'.e'ys' ±¯ï jeä
fõ' cd'uQ'wruqof,ys ú'.e'ys' fomdr®;fïka;=j wjika
lrk fyda wEjr lrk wjia:djl ° idud‚lhka
úiska Y=oaO iuqÉÑ; fjkals¯ïj,g iudk uqo,la iy
ú'.e'ys' fomdr®;fïka;=fõ lghq;=j,g iyNd.S ùu
fya;=fjka f.úh hq;= wfkl=;a hï uqo,la fjf;d;a
th o cd'uQ'w' fj; f.ùug ne£ isà'
b& cd'uQ'w' fj; f.úh hq;= wksl=;a uqo,a ( fufyhqï iy
m˙md,k .kqfokq fjkqfjka nexl=j cd'uQ'w' fj;
f.úh hq;= m%udKh fuhska ±lafõ'
B& mx.= nerlu( wxl 7 orK igyfka úia;r lr we;s
cd'uQ'w' mx.=j i|yd f.úh hq;= uqo, mx.= nerlu
YSr®Ih hgf;a olajd we;'
20' wfkl=;a
2016
re' 000
DST tiafl%da .súiqu (Escrow
Agreement) hgf;a l%shd;aul jk
m%uqL;d udr®. jHdmD;sh II ^w& 364,794
tiafl%da .súiqu (Escrow Agreement)
hgf;a l%shd;aul jk fudr.ylkao
ixjr®Ok jHdmD;s Kh ^wd& 5,857,173
DST tiafl%da .súiqu (Escrow
Agreement) hgf;a l%shd;aul jk
m%uqL;d udr®. jHdmD;sh III ^we& 13,245,476
DST - tiafl%da .súiqu (Escrow
Agreement) hgf;a l%shd;aul jk
m%uqL;d udr®. jHdmD;sh III
w†hr II ^wE& 12,754,696
DST úfYaI fvd,r® .sKqu - l=vd
yd uOH m˙udK lr®udka; (SME)
iy f.da,Sh y˙; Yla;s Kh ^b& 2,195,121
DST úfYaI hqfrda .sKqu - l=vd yd
uOH m˙udK lr®udka; (SME) iy
f.da,Sh y˙; Yla;s Kh ^b& - 7,483,465
DST úfYaI fvd,r® .sKqu - wU;f,a
c, iïmdok m%jr®Ok jHdmD;sh ^B& 291,768
DST fmardfo◊h úYaj úoHd,fha
NORAD WASO ASIA jHdmD;sh
i`oyd jk .sKqu ^W& 6,409
id^r®&la úksuh yqjudrej
(SAARC SWAP facility) hgf;a
bka†hdkq uy nexl=jg (Reserve Bank
of India) f.úh hq;= uqo, ^W!& 59,920,000
wfkl=;a úfoaYSh nerlï 1,614,595
96,250,032
II fldgi - 26
II fldgi
^w& tiafl%da .súiqu (Escrow Agreement) hgf;a l%shd;aul
jk m%uqL;d ud¾. jHdmD;sh II
we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 500 Kh myiqlula ,nd .ekSu
i|yd 2011 udr®;= 31 †k Y%S ,xld rch yd Ök ixjr®Ok
nexl=j (CDB) w;r myiqlï tl`.;djla i|yd w;aika
;nk ,°' fuu myiqlï tl`.;dfõ wruqo,a m%uqL;d
udr®.hka ixjr®Okh yd mqkre;a:dmkh i|yd fhd∞
.efka' myiqlï tl`.;djh wkqj" nexl=j tiafldare
ksfhda‚;hd f,i m;a lrk ,°' ta wkqj Kh ;ekam;a
ls¯u yd tf,i ,efnk uqo,a udr®. jHdmD;s i|yd fn∞
ye¯fï yq≥ wruqK we;=j tiafldare .sKqula nexl=fõ
újD; lrk w;r iy tlS .súiqu m%ldrj Khysñhd ^Ök
ixjr®Ok nexl=j& yd Kh .ekqïlre ^Y%S ,xld rch& hk
fomdr®Yjhu tu tiafldare .sKqu yjqf,a n, mj;ajkq
,nhs'
fuu Kh myiqlu hgf;a we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 326
uqo,la m%:u jd˙lh f,i 2011 cQks 29 †k ,enqKq w;r
fojk jd˙lh jQ we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 174 m%udKh 2011
Tlaf;danr® 28 †k ,xldjg ,enqKs'
2015
re' 000 jeh wkqu; ksfõokh tiafldare ksfhda‚;hd fj;
tùu u.ska Khysñhd úiska tiafldare .sKqfï we;s uqo,a
jeh b,aÆï m;%fha i|yka .sKqï fj; jeh ls¯u i|yd
1,413,418
Wmfoia ,ndfoa'
11,957,787 ta wkqj Ök ixjr®Ok nexl=fjka jeh wkqu; ksfõokhla
,eîfuka wk;=rej 2011 Tlaf;danr® 18 †k we't'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 1'77 m%udKhla m%:ufhka fn∞ y˙k ,°'
21,701,612
Ök ixjr®Ok nexl=fjka lrk ,o jeh b,aÆï wkqj
Ys% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska 2011 iy 2012 jr®Ihka ;=<
we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 157'50 l uqo,la fn∞ yer we;'
14,406,230
we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 118'52 la" we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
161'01 la iy we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 51'37l uqo,la
- ms<sfj,ska 2013" 2014 iy 2015 jr®Ihka ys° fn∞ ye¯ï
lr we;' 2016 jifr®° we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 7'38 la
fnod y˙k ,o w;r 2016 foieïnr® ui 31 jk †k jk
úg b;s˙ fYaIh we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 2'44 ls'
720,312 ^wd& fudr.ylkao ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s Kh
we't'c'fvd' ñ,shk 214'20 ioyd jQ fuu Kh .súiqu
- Ök ixjr®Ok nexl=j ^Kh ysñhd& iy YS% ,xld rch
^Kh .ekqïlre& w;r 2012 cQks 28 †k w;aika lr we;'
fuu Kh .súiqfï wruqK jkafka fudr.ylkao c,
ú≥,s n,d.drh b†ls¯u i|yd myiqlï iemhSuhs' c,
158,468,530 iïmdok yd c, iïm;a l<uKdlrK wud;HdxYh úiska
1,772,788 fuu jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lrkq ,nhs' fuu .súiqfuys
217,924,142 nexl=lre jYfhka Kh ,eîug yd fn∞ ye¯ug úfoaY
iïm;a fomdr®;fïka;=fõ b,a,Su m˙† nexl=j úiska fmd≥
f,crfha .sKqula újD; lrk ,°'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
2012 cqks 29 we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 214'20 l Kh uqo,la
Ök ixjr®Ok nexl=fjka ,eî we;' 2012 wf.daia;= 24 †k
m%:u fn∞ye¯u f,i we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 64'34 l
f.ùï lr we;' 2013 - 2015 jir j,° we't'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 66'86 la fn∞ yer we;'
2016 jifr®° we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 43'90 la fn∞
y˙k ,o w;r 2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg b;s˙ jQ fYaIh
we't'c'fvd' ñ,shk 39'10 ls'
^we& tiafl%da .súiqu hgf;a ls%hd;aul jk m%uqL;d ud¾. u; we't'c' fvd,r® .sKqug yqjudre lrk ,o w;r tys
jHdmD;sh III
we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 300 la ioyd jq fuu myiqlï
.súiqu Ök ixjr®Ok nexl=j ^Kh ysñhd& iy YS% ,xld
rch ^Kh .eKqïlre& w;r 2014 udr®;= 11 jk †k w;aika
lr we;æ m%uqL;d udr®. I I I jk jHdmD;sfha I jk w†hr
;j≥rg;a †hqKq ls¯u iy h<s k`.d isgqùu i|yd jk
úhoï uq,Hkh ls¯u fuu Kh uqof,a wruqK fõæ Kh
myiqlï .súiqug wkqj rcfha nexl=j f,i YS% ,xld
uy nexl=j m;a lr.kakd ,°æ ta wkqj" yqfola Kh uqo,a
;ekam;a ls¯u iy tjeks ,enqkq uqo,a udr®. jHdmD;s fj;
fn∞ ye¯u i`oyd muKla fmd≥ f,crfha .sKqula újD;
fl˙◊æ 2014 udr®;= 28 jk †k by; .sKqug we't'c'
fvd,r® ñ,shk 300 la ,enq◊' 2014 iy 2015 jr®Ihka ;=<
° we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 149'36 la fn∞ ° we;s w;r 2016
jr®Ih ;=<° weæt'c fvd,r® ñ,shk 62'22la fn∞y˙k ,°'
2016 foieïnr® 31 jk úg b;s˙ ù we;s fYaIh we't'c'
fvd,r® ñ,shk 88'42ls'
^wE& tiafl%da .súiqu hgf;a l%shd;aul jk m%uqL;d ud¾. fYaIh we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 1'95 ls'
jHdmD;sh III wÈhr II
tiafl%da .súiqu hgf;a l%shd;aul jk II jk w†hr i|yd
jk we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 100 la 2014 fkdjeïnr® 24
jk †k ysñ úhæ 2016 jifr®° we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 14'86
la fnody˙k ,o w;r 2016 foieïnr® 31 †k jk úg b;s˙
fYaIh we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 85'14 ls
^b& l=vd yd uOH mßudK jHdmdr iy f.da,Sh yß;
Yla;s Kh
fuh YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd° ckrch iy hqfrdamSh
wdfhdack nexl=j w;r 2013 fkdjeïnr® 13 jk †k we;s
jq uq,H .súiqulsæ fuu myiqlï tl`.;djh wkqj" YS% ,xld
rcfha nexl=j f,i YS% ,xld uy nexl=j f;dard .e◊ksæ ta
wkqj" yqfola ,efnk Kh uqo,a ;ekam;a ls¯ug iy tu
uqo,a jHdmD;s ioyd fn∞ ye¯fï mrudr®:h we;sj fmd≥
f,crfha .sKqula újD; lrk ,°æ 2014 Tlaf;daïnr® 06
jk †k fuu .sKqug we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 21'13 la
,eì◊æ 2014 jir ;=<° we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 11'80 la
fn∞ yer we;s w;r 2014 foieïnr® 31 †kg b;s˙j ;snQ
fYaIh we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 9'33 lsæ tu fYaIh 2015
jir ;=<° fn∞ y˙k ,†'
by; l=vd yd uOH m˙udK jHdmdr iy f.da,Sh y˙;
Yla;s Kfhys fojk jd˙lh 2015 cQ,s 09 jk †k hQfrda
j,ska ,enq◊' ta wkqj yqfola Kh uqo,a ;ekam;a ls¯u iy
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
tjeks ,enqKq uqo,a jHmD;s fj; fnod ye¯u i|yd fmd≥
f,crfha .sKqula újD; fl˙◊' 2015 cQ,s 09 iy 2015
foieïnr® 23 †khkays ° by; .sKqug ms<sfj,ska hQfrda
ñ,shk 26'68 la iy hQfrda ñ,shk 46'87 la ,enqq◊'
2015 jr®Ih ;=< ° hqfrda ñ,shk 26'01 la fnod ° we;s
w;r 2015 foieïnr® 31 jk úg b;s˙ ù we;s fYaIh hqfrda
ñ,shka 47'54 ls'
hqfrda .sKqfï b;s˙ fYaIh jk hqfrda 37"337"757'66 l
uqo, NdKavd.dr fufyhqï fomdr®;fïka;=fõ tl`.;djh
jákdlu we't'c' fvd,r® 42"204"394'11 la fõ' 2016 jir
;=<° we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 27'55 la fn∞ y˙k ,o w;r
2016 foieïnr® 31 †k jk úg b;s˙ fYAIh we't'c' fvd,r®
ñ,shk 14'65 ls'
^B& DST úfYaI fvd,¾ .sKqu - wU;f,a c,
iïmdok m%j¾Ok jHdmD;sh
fuu Kh myiqlï .súiqu Agence Francaise de
Development ^Kh ysñhd& iy Y%S ,xld m%cd;dka;%sl
iudcjd° ckrch ^Kh .eKqïlre& w;r 2014 iema;eïnr®
29 jk †k w;aika lr we;' fuu .súiqfuys nexl=lre
jYfhka Kh ,eîug yd fnod ye¯ug NdKavd.dr
fufyhqï fomdr®;fïka;=fõ b,a,Su m˙† nexl=j úiska
fmd≥ f,crfha .sKqula újD; lrk ,°' 2015 iema;eïnr®
14 jk †k by; .sKqug we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 5 la
,enq◊' 2016 jir ;=<° we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 3'05 la
fn∞ y˙k ,o w;r 2016 foieïnr® 31 jk úg b;s˙
^W& fmardfo◊◊Ksh úYaj úoHd,fha NORAD WASO ASIA
jHmD;sh i`oyd jk fvd,¾ .sKqu
yelshdjka m%jr®Ok jHdmD;s fjkqfjka NORAD fj;ska
,efnk wruqo,a ,nd .ekSu i`oyd fmardfo◊h úYaj
úoHd,fha NORAD WASO ASIA jHdmD;sh i`oyd jk
.sKqu úYaj úoHd,h fjkqfjka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nhs' NdKavd.dr fufyhqï
fomdr®;fïka;=j yryd uqo,a kej; ,nd .ekSfï
wh≥ïm;%hla b†˙m;a lr we't'c' fvd,r® fyda remsh,a
jYfhka" .sKqfuka wruqo,a ,nd .ekSug fmardfo◊h
úYaj úoHd,h wfmalaId lrhs' by; i`oyka .sKqug 2016
foieïnr® 23 jk †k we't'c' fvd,r® 42"784'73 la ,eî
we;'
^W!& id^¾&la úksuh yqjudrej hgf;a bkaÈhdkq uy
nexl=jg f.úh hq;= uqo,
id^r®&la rgj,a i|yd uqo,a yqjudre .súiqï rduqjg 2011
iema;eïnr® 25 jk †k fjdIskagka ã'iS' ys° meje;a jQ
id^r®&la rgj,aj, uQ,H wêm;sjrekaf.a iïuka;%Kh
úiska uQ,Huh tl`.;djh ,nd fok ,°' id^r®&la cd;Skag
úêúOdkhka ms˙keófï †k isg jr®I 3 la hk f;la
yqjudre .súiqu j,x.= fõ' fuu úêúOdkh hgf;a
bka†hdkq uy nexl=j iy Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j oaúmdr®Yaúl
yqjudre .súiqulg t<U we;'
II fldgi - 27
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

.súiqfuys j,x.= ld,h ;=, ° wruqo,a ,nd .ekSï jd˙l 23' m%;s ñ,§ .ekSfï tlÕ;djh u; wf,ú l< iq/l=ïm;a
lsysmhlska is≥ ls¯ug wkque;sh ,nd ° we;' iEu .ekSula
2016 2015
u udi 3 la i|yd jk w;r tla jrla muKla ;j;a udi re' 000
re' 000
3 la i|yd °r®> ls¯ug wjirh we;' fuu ,nd .ekSï
rcfha iq/l=ïm;a 21,383,724 23,662,520
i|yd w∞< jk fmd,S wkqmd;slh jkafka" Kh ,nd
ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlu ^igyk 3'3'8& 48,670,712 81,828,486
.kakd †kfha ° mj;akd udi 3 we't'c' fvd,r® wka;r®
70,054,436 105,491,006
nexl= wr®mK wkqmd;slfhys iy 200 mokï wxl fmd,S
wkqmd;slfhys tl;=jhs'
uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh yeisrùfï wx.hla f,i uqo,a kS;s
2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg ys`. fYAIh" 2016 foieïnr® 16 mkf;a j.ka;s 90 yd 91 hgf;a uqo,a fjf<|fmd<
jk †k lrk ,o we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 400 l .ekSu øjYS,;djh kshdukhg újD; fj<|m, fufyhqï
ksrEmKh lrk w;r fuu jd˙lh kej; f.ùfï ld,h l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd nexl=j úiska m%;s ñ,° .ekSfï
2017 udr®;= 16 †fkka wjika fõ' tl`.;djka ksr®udKh lrkq ,nhs' fuu m%;sñ,° .ekSfï
tl`.;djhka nexl=j úiska l,ska l,g ;SrKh lrkq
21' nexl= iy uQ,H wdh;khka úiska ;ekam;= ,nk fjf<|m< øjYS,s;d m%;sm;a;sh u; rπ mj;sñka
tla †kla i|yd jk mokï u; fyda ld,Sk moku u;
uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 93 jk j.ka;sh m%ldrj jHjia:dms; rcfha iq/l=ïm;a muKla fhd∞ .ksñka l%shd;aul lrkq
ixÑ; wjYH;d imqrd,Su ms◊i n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= ,efí'
mj;ajdf.k hk ;ekam;= iy uqo,a kS;s mkf;a úêú∞k 24' fiajl m%;s,dN ie,iqïj, jQ fYaIhkA
hgf;a ;;ald,Sk o< mshjqï l%uh hgf;a ^RTGS&
nexl=j úiska" nexl=fõ idudkH ldr®hhka f,i tys
iyNd.Sjkakka jk n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= rcfha fiajl m%;s,dN ie,iqï i`oyd cx.u .sKqï myiqlï
iq/l=ïm;aj, m%d:ñl fjf<∫ka iy fiajl wr®:idOl imhkq ,efí' fjkuu m˙md,kh lrkq ,nk nexl=fõ
wruqo,a hk wdh;kj, ;ekam;= fï hgf;a fõ' fuu fiajl m%;s,dN ie,iqïj,g w∞< cx.u .sKqïj, iy
l%uh hgf;a" mshjqï moaO;sfha iqug l%shdld¯;ajh i|yd wka;r® tall .sKqïj, fYaIhka fufiah'
iyNd.S mdr®Yjhkag w∞, f.ùï wjYH;djhka †kla
;=,° imqrd,Sug rch úiska iïmQr®Kfhkau iq/l=ï iys;" 2016 2015
re' 000 re' 000
fmd,S rys; tla †k øjYS,;d myiqlu ,nd .ekSfï YS%',x'u'ne' wr®:idOl wruqo," YS%',x'u'ne'
yelshdj we;' .sKqïlrK fy<sorõ ls¯fï wjYH;djhka úY%du fhdackd l%uh iy jekaoUq$
51,744 7,212
u; fuu ;ekam;=" iïnkaê; mdr®Yaj iy wfkl=;a f,i jekaoUq yd wk;aore úY%du fhdackd
jr®. l<o" th nexl=j yd i|yka l< wdh;k w;r jQ l%ufhka ys fYaIh
51,744 7,212
úfYaI jHdmdr iïnkaO;d ksid yg.kakla fkdfõ'
25' ixirKfha we;s uqo,a
2016 2015
re' 000 re' 000
Y%S ,xldfõ uqo,a ksl=;a ls¯fï tlu n,Od˙hd jYfhka
nexl=j úiska ;ekam;a ls¯ï( nexl=j úiska wLKavj kS;sfhka j,x.= uqo,a ksl=;a ls¯u
- iïnkaê; mdr®Yajhka 183,836,224 89,340,293 is≥ lrkq ,efí' jdr®;dlrK †kg ksl=;alr ixirKfha
- wksl=;a 110,060,140 92,380,448 ;snQ uqo,a m%udKhka my; i|yka m˙† úh'
293,896,364 181,720,741
uQ,H wdh;k úiska ;ekam;a ls¯ï( jr®.h 2016 2015
- iïnkaê; mdr®Yajhka 477 729 ldis re' 000 re' 000
- wksl=;a 9,354,449 5,262 i; 1 3,631 3,631
i; 2 5,703 5,703
9,354,926 5,991
nexl= iy wksl=;a uQ,H wdh;k úiska i; 5 23,247 23,247
lrk ,o uqΩ ;ekam;= 303,251,290 181,726,732 i; 10 39,208 39,208
i; 25 120,586 120,558
i; 50 185,611 185,371
22' rch iy rcfha wdh;k úiska ;ekam;=
remsh,a 1 851,968 794,975
2016 2015 remsh,a 2 1,272,301 1,155,840
re' 000 re' 000 remsh,a 5 3,725,947 3,473,827
rcfha ;ekam;= 167,615 174,871 remsh,a 10 4,505,834 3,345,748
rcfha ksfhda‚;hka iy wruqo,a 283,269 253,271 wksl=;a iure ldis 584,177 582,423
450,884 428,142 11,318,213 9,730,531

rcfha iy$fyda rcfha ksfhda‚;hkaf.a fyda wdh;kj, fkdaÜgq

ks, ;ekam;=Od¯ jYfhka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska uqo,a remsh,a 1 4,981 4,981
remsh,a 2 26,696 26,696
kS;s mkf;a wxl 106 ^1& ork j.ka;shg hg;aj fuu
remsh,a 5 37,194 37,194
;ekam;= mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nhs' remsh,a 10 1,382,089 1,449,773

II fldgi - 28 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

remsh,a 20 5,331,571 4,882,579 29' ysñlre m%d.aOkh

remsh,a 50 5,141,033 4,671,924
ysñlre m%d.aOk úIhhkaf.a iajNdjh
remsh,a 100 20,590,404 18,979,404
m%d.aOk wruqo,a
remsh,a 200 130,526 131,246
remsh,a 500 33,475,699 31,656,334 ^w& ∞hl m%d.aOkh ( uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 6 jeks j.ka;sh
m%ldr nexl=fõ m%d.aOkh" m%d.aOk .sKqfuka fmkakqï
remsh,a 1"000 141,169,379 133,243,521
lrhs' 2014 wxl 15 orK uqo,a kS;s mkf;ys
remsh,a 2"000 20,436,195 38,973,585 ^ixfYdaê;& 6 jk j.ka;shg wkqj nexl=fõ ∞hl
remsh,a 5"000 313,733,885 247,912,180 m%d.aOkh remsh,a ì,shk 50 la olajd by< kxjk
541,459,652 481,969,417 ,°' ta wkqj nexl=j úiska uqo,a weu;sf.a tl`.;djh
ixirKfha we;s uqΩ uqo,a m%udKh 552,777,865 491,699,948 we;sj 2014 iema;eïnr® ui nexl=fõ ixÑ; m%d.aOks;
lrñka ∞hl m%d.aOkh remsh,a ì,shk 50 f;la jeä
26' wfkl=;a f.úh hq;= oE lrk ,°'
2016 2015 ^wd& ia:djr j;alï m%;Hd.Kk ixÑ;h - cd'.s'm%' wxl
re' 000 re' 000 16 m%ldrj foam<" ms˙h; yd WmlrK m%;Hd.Kk
fjkals¯ï iy whls¯ï 563,783 556,337 w;s˙la;hka ;=<ska fuu ixÑ;h f.dvke.S we;'
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j
u.ska l< ;ekam;= 2,440,187 2,314,645 ^we& wfkl=;a ixÑ; my; i|yka foa j,ska iukaú; fõ·
w;ay˙k ,o foam< ,eîï i`oyd jQ j.lSï 4,094,268 3,221,244 i. cd;Hka;r m%;Hd.Kk ixÑ;h (IRR) ( cd;Hka;r
wfkl=;a f.úh hq;= uqo,a 1,465,310 732,766 m%;Hd.Kk ixÑ;h jq l,S uqo,a kS;s mkf;a
8,563,548 6,824,992 41 jeks j.ka;sh m%ldr msysgqjk ,o ixÑ;hls'
fuu j.ka;sh m%ldr" rka iy úfoaY uqo,aj,ska
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ Y=oaO j;alï iy nerlï
w;ay˙k ,o foam,j,g w∞<j f.úh hq;= uqo,ska m%;Hd.Kkfhka Wm,íê fkdjQ ,dN fyda
ksfhdackh jkafka n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=j, w;ay˙k mdvq nexl=fõ Y=oaO ,dNh .Kkh ls¯u i|yd
,o foam< y`≥kd.ekSu" jdr®;d ls¯u" udre ls¯u yd ie,ls,a,g fkd.; hq;= w;r" ta fjkqjg tu
mj;ajdf.k hEug w∞< 2009 wxl 05 orK nexl= mkf;a ,dN fyda mdvq cd;Hka;r m%;Hd.Kk ixÑ;hg
úOdkhg wkql+,j n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=j,ska /ia udre l< hq;=h'
lr.;a wruqo, fõ' w;ay˙k ,o foam, j,g ysñlï mdk ii. fj<|m, m%;Hd.Kk ixÑ;h (MRR) ( cd;Hka;r
wjia:djl° nexl=j ;ekam;= uqo, yd thg w∞, fmd<Sh fj<|m, ;=, is≥jk wys;lr p,k m%;súmdlhka
f.ùug j.lSfuka nefoa' tu ksid uqΩ ;ekam;= uqo, ys m%;sM,hla f,i cd;Hka;r uq,H j;alï j,
yd nr;enQ idudkH NdKavd.dr ì,am;a fmd<S wkqmd;h fj<|m, ñ, .Kka ys is≥jk wys;lr fjkia
wkqj .Kkh lrk ,o fmd<Sh nexl=fjys j.lSula f,i ùïj,g uqyqK °fï mrudr®:fhka cd;Hka;r
jdr®;d lrhs' j;alï fj<|m, ñ, u; we.ehSfï ,dN udre
ls¯u i|yd 2003 ckjd˙ 30 †k ,nd ≥ka uqo,a
27' ú,ïNS; m%odkhka
uKav, ;SrKhg wkqj fj<|m, m%;Hd.Kk
2016 2015 ixÑ;h msysgqjk ,°' uqo,a uKav,h úiska fuu
re' 000 re' 000 ixÑ;h YS%',x'u'ne' o< úfoaY ixÑ; j,ska ishhg
oyhl m%udKhla olajd f.dvke`.Sug ;SrKh
ckjd˙ 01 jk †kg 106 515
lrk ,°'
jr®Ih ;=, l%ulaIh (26) (409)
foieïnr® 31 †kg 80 106 ;jo" 2016 fmnrjd˙ 29 jk †k MB/
DG(W)/7/1/2016 ork uqo,a uKav,fha fhda‚;
ixfYdaê; nexl=fõ ,dN fn∞ °fï m%;sm;a;shg
ú,ïNS; m%∞khka w∞, j;alfuys laIh ms<sfj;g wkqj" uqo,a uKav,hg wjYHhehs i,lk ´kEu
i˙,k m˙† ld,h mqrd l%ulaIh lrkq ,efí' f.ùula wjia:djl° Wm,íê fkdjq m%;Hd.Kkhkaf.ka
fkdue;sj nexl=jg ysñ jQ j;alï fuys we;=,;a fõ' we;sjkakd jQ mdvq jeäùu ksid r`ojd.;a ,dNhka
j;alfuys idOdrK w.h ú,ïNS; m%∞khka .sKqug ner RK jk wjia:djl° fjf<`ofmd, m%;Hd.Kk
lrk ,o w;r w∞, j;alfuys laIh ms<sfj; yd ix.; ixÑ;fha isg r`ojd.;a ,dNhka fj; yqjudre
jk m˙† m%fhdackj;a „ú; ld,h mqrd wfkl=;a wd∞hï ls¯ula is≥ l, yel'
fj; ,shd y˙k ,°' ta wkqj" m%Odk jYfhkau miq.sh jirj,°
Wm,íê fkdjQ m%;Hd.Kkhkaf.ka we;sjk
28' úúO nerlï yd WmÑ;hka ie<lsh hq;= w,dNhka tl;= ùfï m%;sM,hla
úúO nerlï yd WmÑ;hkays fYaIhka ;=< f.ùug f,i nexl=fõ ±kg mj;sk RK r`ojd.;a
we;s .sKï
q " fldka;d% ;a u; r|jd .ekSï" kej; ,nd †h ,dNhka jeä †hqKq lrùu i`oyd fjf<`ofmd<
hq;= fgkavr® ;ekam;= iy rchg f.úh hq;= ov uqo,a m%;Hd.Kk ixÑ;fha isg r`ojd.;a ,dNhka fj;
wka;r®.;h' remsh,a ì,shk 4'65 la udre lr we;'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 29

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

iii. wfkl=;a ixÑ; ( fmd≥ ixÑ;h" f.dvke.s,s uy nexl=fõ oekg Ndú;d lrk fmd≥ f,cr
ixÑ;h yd Kh wemlr ixÑ;hka wfkl=;a moaO;sh" ;;ald,Sk f.jqï mshjqï moaO;sh"
ixÑ;hka ;=, we;=,;a fõ' uqo,a uKav,h úiska NdKavd.dr fufyhqï l<ukdlrK moaO;sh
r|jd.;a ,dNhkaf.ka fjkal, m%udKhkaf.ka yd ksr®f,aLk.; iq/l=ïm;a mshùï l%uh hk
fmd≥ ixÑ;h iukaú; fõ' moaO;Skaj, is≥ l< hq;= kùlrK lghq;= fyda
iv. úls”u i|yd ;sfnk iq/l=ïm;aj, Y=oaO idOdrK jeä †hqKq ls¯ï i|yd wjYH wruqo,a iemhSu
,dNh$^w,dNh& ( úls”ug ;sfnk f,i kï lr i|yd fuh fhd∞ .ekSug wfmalaId flfr®'
we;s iq/l=ïm;a iy tall wdfhdackhka m%;Hd. viii. m<d;a ixjr®Ok Kh fhdackd l%u wruqo, ( 2010
Kkfhka Wm,íê fkdjQ ,dN iy mdvq fuu jr®Ih ;=< nexl=fõ ,dNj,ska remsh,a ì,shk 2'90
ixÑ;hg udre lrk ,°' l wruqo,la f.dvkÛd" tu.ska l,dmj, uOH
v. ;;ald,Sk o< mshjqï ksOka wruqo, ( ;;ald,Sk yd †.=ld,Sk ixjr®Ok wruqKq i|yd" m%;suQ,H
o< mshjqï moaO;sh i|yd iyNd.sjkakkaf.a Kh fhdackd l%uhla wdrïN lrk ,°' tu Kh
whls¯ïj,ska fuu wruqo, f.dvk.d we;' m%∞khka ,xld nexl=j yd uyck nexl=j yryd
is≥úh'
vi. úY%du m%;s,dN ixÑ;h ( fuu ixÑ;h 2007 jr®Ifha
,dNfhka remsh,a ì,shk 3 la udre ls¯fuka ix. úfYaIs; Kh wem l%u wruqo, ( uOHu yd
wdrïN lrk ,o w;r" ndysr wjodkï ;;a;ajhka °r®>ld,Sk Kh wruqo,ska remsh,a ì,shk 2 la
hgf;a nexl=fõ wd∞hï bmehSfï Od˙;djfha udre ls¯fuka 2014 ° fuu wruqo, msysgqjk ,o
jk WÉPdjpkhka yuqfõ úY%du wruqof,a jk w;r bka remsh,a ì,shk 1 la nexl=fõ m%dfoaYSh
ysÛ;djhka i|yd fhd∞.ekSug wfmalaId flfr®' ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska l%shd;aul
2011 ,dNj,ska ;j;a remsh,a ì,shk 1 la fuu lrk fi!Nd.Hd Kh l%uh" msìfok W;=r
ixÑ;hg udre lrk ,°' MB/HR/11/12/2015 w†hr II" kef.kysr m<d; ;=, wdr®:ßl lghq;=
orK uqo,a uKav, m;%sldj wkqj kj úY%du m%;sia:dmkh ls¯u II iy W;=re yd kef.kysr
fhdackd l%uh l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd 2015 cQks ydks jQ ksjdi m%;sixialrKh ls¯u hk Kh
udih ;=<° úY%du m%;s,dN ixÑ;fhka remsh,a l%uhka m%;s jHqy.; ls¯u i|yd fjkalr we;'
ì,shk 2la kj úY%du .sKqug udre lrk ,°' wfkla remsh,a ì,shk 1 l=vd yd uOHu m˙udK
jHdmdrj,g Kh °u i|yd jdksc nexl= u.ska
vii. ;dlaI◊l wNsjr®Ok ixÑ;h ( fuu ixÑ;h
úfYaIs; Kh wem l%uhla l%shdjg kexùug fjka
2007 jr®Ifha ,dNfhka f.dvk.d we;s w;r
lr we;'

wfkl=;a ixÑ;j, fjkia ùu my; m˙† fõ'

uOH iy fjf<|m, wfkl=;a úfYaIs; Kh ;;a ld,Sk cd;Hka;r úls”u i`oyd úY%du ;dlaIKsl m<d;a tl;=j
†.= ld,Sk m%;Hd.Kk ixÑ; wem l%u o< mshjqï m%;Hd.Kk ;sfnk wruqo,a wNsjr®Ok ixjr®Ok
Kh ixÑ;h ixÑ;h ksOka ixÑ;h iq/l=ïm;aj, ixÑ;h ixÑ;h Kh
ixÑ;h wruqo, Y=oaO idOdrK fhdackdl%u
,dNh$w,dNh wruqo,
re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
2016 ckjd˙ 01 †kg 2,925,000 4,650,806 2,489,920 2,000,000 1,332,628 19,157,122 1,258,572 2,000,000 1,000,000 2,900,000 39,714,048
;;ald,Sk o< mshjqu ixÑ;hg
udre ls¯u - - - - 220,272 - - - - - 220,272
úfoaY úksuh m%;Hd.Kk Y=oaO
w,dN udre ls¯u' - - - - - (6,775,246) - - - - (6,775,246)
úls”u i|yd ;sfnk
iq/l=ïm;aj, Y=oaO idOdrK ,dNh - - - - - - 2,022,241 - - - 2,022,241
fjf<`ofmd< m%;Hd.Kk ixÑ;fha
isg r`ojd.;a ,dNhka fj; wruqo,a
udre ls¯u' - ( 4,650,806) - - - - - - - - (4,650,806)
2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg 2,925,000 - 2,489,920 2,000,000 1,552,900 12,381,876 3,280,813 2,000,000 1,000,000 2,900,000 30,530,509

30' ,dN fnodyeÍu ^w& uqo,a kS;smkf;a j.ka;s wxl 41 g wkql+,j

úfoaY úksuh m%;Hd.Kkfhka jk ,dN$w,dN
uqo,a kS;s mk;g wkqj iy 2015 jifr® isg n,meje;afjk bj;alrkq ,efí'
uqo,a uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o Y%S ,xld uy
^wd& úfoaY j;alïj, Wm,íê fkdjQ m%;Hd.
nexl=fjys ,dN fn∞ye¯fï m%;sm;a;shg wkql+,j" fn†h Kkhkaf.ka we;sjkakdjQ mdvq .,mkq ,nk
yels ,dNh .Kkh ls¯fï° cd'uq'jd'm%' m%ldr jir i`oyd w;r ^bj;als¯ula fkdflfr®& Wm,íê fkdjQ
jk Y=oaO ,dNh $ w,dNh i|yd my; ±lafjk .e,mSï m%;Hd.Kkhkaf.ka we;sjkakdjQ jdis bj;a
lrkq ,efí' flfr® ^,dN fn∞ ye¯fï m%;sm;a;Skag wkql+,j&'

II fldgi - 30 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

^we& uqo,a uKav,h úiska ;SrKh lrk ,o m˙† uqo,a 32' Wm,íê fkdjQ ñ, m%;Hd.Kkhkaf.ka ,o ,dN$ ^w,dN&
kS;s mkf;a j.kaks wxl 38 wkqj ixÑ;hkag is≥ 2016 2015
lrkq ,nk fjk;a ´kEu udre ls¯ula iy uqo,a re' 000 re' 000
kS;smkf;a j.ka;s wxl 39 wkqj l< hq;= .e,mqï úfoaY iq/l=ïm;a 3,166 397,078
lrkq ,efí' rka 8,306,063 (17,305,760)

;jo .sKqïlrK m%ñ;s iy l<uKdld¯;ajfha úfoaY úksuh iy uqo,a yqjudre 5,719,563 (11,565,555)

;SrK wkqj l< hq;= .e,mqï o fn†h yels ,dNh fmd<S wkqmd;sl yqjudre (1,637) 2,017

.Kkh ls¯fï ° .,mkq ,efí' wka;r®.; jHq;amkak úksuh úl,amhka (4,288,112) (6,381,575)
Wm,íê fkdjQ ñ, m%;Hd.Kkhkaf.ka
by; i|yka .e,mqï j,g wkqj .Kkh lrk ,o 2016 ,o iïmQr®K ,dNh$ ^w,dNh& 9,739,043 (34,853,795)
foieïnr® 31 †kg fn†h yels ,dNh my; m˙† fõ'
2016 33' uQ,H nerlï u; fmd<S úhou
whs;uh
re' 000
2016 2015
cd'uq'jd'm%' m%ldr ,dNh $ ^w,dNh& 22,179,519
re' 000 re' 000
wvql<d (
úfoaY úksuh m%;Hd.Kk w,dNh cd;Hka;r m%;Hd.Kk úfoaYSh uQ,H nerlï u; jQ fmd<S úhou
ixÑ;hg udre ls¯u' ^uqo,a kS;s mkf;a j.ka;s wxl 41 wdishdkq ksYaldIK ix.uhg f.úh hq;=
m%ldr& (6,775,247) uqo, 174,504 38,009
úfoaY j;alïj, Wm,íê fkdjQ m%;Hd.Kkhkaf.ka we;s cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, iïnkaO j.lSï 1,180,604 1,394,723
jkakd jQ ,dN fjf<`ofmd< m%;Hd.Kk ixÑ;hg udre
ls¯u 14,028,792 jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK 396 341,117
wNHka;r wruqo,aj,ska ,o fmd,S wdodhï wod< wruqo,a fjk;a úfoaY f.úh hq;= uqo,a 2,598,331 1,848,888
fj; udre ls¯u' 396,063 úfoaYSh uQ,H nerlï u; jQ uqΩ fmd<S úhou 3,953,835 3,622,737
uqo,a kS;s mk;g wkqj Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ,dNh fn∞
foaYSh uQ,H nerlï u; jQ fmd<SS úhou
ye˙fï m%;sm;a;Ska iy wfkl=;a .e,mqïj,g wkql+,j fn∞ m%;sñ,° .ekSfï .súiqu u; wf,úlrK ,o
y˙k ,o ,dNh$^w,dNh& - Wm,íê jQ ,dNh$ ^w,dNh& 14,529,911
iq/l=ïm;a 345,835 4,067,059
ixÑ; i|yd udre ls¯ï ^uqo,a kS;s mkf;a j.ka;s wxl 38
m%ldr& - ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlu 1,519,585 4,582,318
mYapd;a fiajl m%;s,dN ie<iqï wdhq.Kkfhka ,o Khg .;a ne∫ïlr - 82,711
m%;s,dN ms˙jefhka 50] lg iudk w.hla w∞< w;ay, foam, 332,395 187,896
úfYaIs; ixÑ;hla fj; udre ls¯u' 689,026
foaYSh uQ,H nerlï u; jQ uqΩ fmd<S úhou 2,197,815 8,919,984
fmd≥ ixÑ; fj; udre ls¯u' 7,462,613
rcfha tAldnoaO wruqo,g udre ls¯ï iy uy nexl=j fj; uQ,H nerlï u; jQ iïmQr®K fmd<S úhou 6,151,650 12,542,721
we;s rcfha ne£ï h<s mshjd .ekSï' ^uqo,a kS;s mkf;a
j.ka;s wxl 39 m%ldr& 6,378,272 nexl=j úiska uqo,a fjf<`ofmd, ;=< we;s jQ W!K
31' uQ,H j;alïj,ska fmd<S wdodhu
øjYS,S;djh u`. yerùug remsh,a uq∞ ye¯u ;=<ska
2016 2015 re'ñ' 9"366'62 l Y=oaO ksjdrK ,dNhla 2016 jr®Ih ;=<°
re' 000 re' 000 Wmhdf.k we; ^2015 - Y=oaO ksjdrK ms˙jeh re'ñ' 4"354'36
úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alïj,ska bmehQ ls&' fuu ksjdrK ms˙jeh$^,dNh& m%;s ñ,°.ekqï .súiqï
fmd<S wd∞hu
hgf;a iq/l=ïm;a úls”u u; jQ fmd,S úhou" ne`≥ïlr
uqo,a yd fláld,Sk ;ekam;= 1,479,882 1,464,525
Khg .ekSu u; jQ fmd<S úhou" ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï
uQ,H j;alï 4,628,934 6,635,778
u; fmd<S úhou iy YS% ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;aj,ska ,o
jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK 8,761,019 4,947,011 fmd,S wd∞hfuys wvx.= kej; úls”fï .súiqï hgf;a
úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alïj,ska bmehQ ñ,° .;a iq/l=ïm;aj,ska ,o fmd,S wd∞hu iy úfoaY
uqΩ fmd<S wd∞hu 14,869,835 13,047,314
uQ,H j;alï u; jQ fmd,S wd∞hfuys wvx.= we't'c'
foaYSh uQ,H j;alïj,ska bmehQ fvd,r®$remsh,a jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK ,dNhkaf.a
fmd<S wd∞hu
Y=oaO w.h fõ'
Y%S ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a 20,333,567 8,749,944
wksl=;a Kh iy w;a;sldrï 687,124 573,609
foaYSh uQ,H j;alï j,ska bmehQ
uqΩ fmd<SS wd∞hu 21,020,691 9,323,553
uqΩ uQ,H j;alïj,ska bmehQ uqΩ
fmd<S wd∞hu 35,890,526 22,370,867

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 31

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

2016 2015 YS% ,xld b;s˙ ls¯fï nexl=j úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o 2012
re' 000 re' 000 foieïnr® ui 3 †k YS%',x'u'ne' g ,enqKq Khlr u; jQ
l%ulaIh ,dNh jk re'ñ' 1'40 ^2015 re'ñ' 1'24& l uqo,a
m%;sñ,° .ekqï .súiqï u; iy ú'.e'ys' 788"783 l jákdlñka hq;a cd;Hka;r uQ,H
úl=Kqï iq/l=ïm;a fjkqfjka wruqof,ys mj;ajdf.k hk PRGF ;ekam;= u; jir 2 l
orK ,o fmd<S úhoï 345,835 4,067,059
b;s˙ ld,h ^igyk 7& i`oyd jQ l%ulaIh ,dNh jk re'ñ'
ne∫ïlr Khg .ekSu 6'17 la ^2015 re'ñ' 5'73& úúO wd∞hï ys wka;r®.;j we;'
fjkqfjka f.jQ fmd<S úhou - 82,711
35' fiajl uKav, úhoï
ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlu
u; fmd<S úhou 1,519,585 4,582,318 2016 2015
wvq l<d ( re' 000 re' 000
m%;s úl=Kqï .súiqï u; fõ;k iy jegqma 4,258,884 4,201,583
ñ,° .;a iq/l=ïm;a
ksYaÑ; ∞hl m%;s,dN
fjkqfjka ,o fmd<S (2,471,022) (16,317)
ie,iqï ms˙jeh 629,786 629,357
we't'c'fvd'$remsh,a mYapd;a fiajl ksYaÑ;
jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrKj, m%;s,dN ie,iqï ms˙jeh 1,479,963 1,329,578
,dNh (8,761,019) (4,361,415) uqΩ f iajl uKav, úhoï 6,368,633 6,160,518
(9,366,621) 4,354,356
36' mßmd,k yd wksl=;a úhoï
34' wfkl=;a wdodhï
2016 2015 2016 2015
re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
,dNdxY wd∞hu wÆ;ajeähd iy kv;a;= 773,239 680,000
- iïnkaê; mdr®Yjhka 37,259 31,214 frdhsgr®" í¨ïnr®.a" SWIFT wd†h
fjkqfjka fufyhqï úhoï 134,648 154,937
- wksl=;a 1,818 1,050
.ukd.uk úhoï 116,658 97,552
foam<" ms˙h; iy WmlrK
n≥l=,S úhoï 4,994 5,106
neyer ls¯fuka ,o ,dNh 424 2
uqøK úhoï 27,468 26,476
ú,ïNS; m%∞kh l%uCIh ùu 34 409 ú.Kk .dia;= 7,846 7,768
uqo,a uKav,fha
uQ,H wdh;khkag wod, n,m;%
idud‚lhskg md˙Y%ñlh 3,605 1,084
.dia;= 519,900 490,350
Y%S ,xld uy nexl= wr®:idOl
l=,S wdodhï 455,514 381,491 wruqo,a fmd<SS iykdOdr úhoï 47,877 -
;;ald,Sk o< mshjqï moaO;sfhys m%pdrK úhoï 80,519 73,073
iyNd.Slrejkaf.ka whlrk 112,863 128,768 WmfoaYd;aul" ikaksfõok iy
jD;a;suh .dia;= 68,058 219,502
,o .dia;=
úúO úhoï 203,097 346,038
úúO wd∞hï 380,449 544,158 uqΩ m˙md,k yd wksl=;a úhoï 1,468,009 1,611,537
uqΩ wksl=;a wd∞hï 1,508,261 1,577,442

II fldgi - 32 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

37' r|jd.ekSï u; noao≥ 39' rcfha .kqfokq u; ixirK uqo,a Y=oaO ksl=;= $ ^wdmiq
.ekSï&
foaYSh wdodhï ^ixfYdaOk& 2006 wxl 10 orK 7b ^xvi& mK;
wkqj Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg wdohï n≥ f.ùu i|yd j.lSula 2016 2015
fkdue;s w;r nexl=j úiska f.jkq ,nk r`ojd.ekSfï re' 000 re' 000
noao wjidk noaola f,i ie,fla' 2013 jifr® isg YS% ,xld Y%S ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a
ñ,° .ekSu 246,320,577 (21,450,406)
uy nexl=j wdr®:ßl fiajd noafoka ksoyia ù we;' ,enqKq fmd<sh - foaYSh uqo,a - Y%S
,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a (18,094,641) (8,876,023)
2007 wxl 10 wd∞hï n≥ ^ixfYdaê;& mk;g wkqj ,dNdxY Y%S ,xld rchg fok ,o Kh
iy fmd<SS wd∞hï f.ùfï fyda ner ls¯fï wjia:dfõ ° iy w;a;sldrï jeäùu$^wvqùu& (67,824,900) 7,233,700
ishhg 10  l r|jd .ekSfï noaolg hg;a fõ' rcfha rch iy rcfha wdh;k iu.
iq/l=ïm;a i|yd jQ fmd<S wd∞hu u; jQ r|jd .ekSfï noao" fYaI ^jeäùu&$wvqùu (22,741) (116,192)
l,ams¯ug we;s †k .Kkg .e,mQ wdikak;u m%d:ñl
fjkafoaisfha idudkH nr ;nk ,o M,od wkqmd;h u; 160,378,295 (23,208,921)
mokï fõ'
jr®Ih ;=< ° re'ñ' 15"623'62 ^2015 re'ñ' 8"859'71& l fmd<S 40' nexl= iy uQ,H wdh;khkaf.a .kqfokq u; ixirK uqo,a
wd∞hu yd ,dNdxY wd∞hu jk re'ñ' 39'08 ^2015 re' ñ' 6'21& Y=oaO ksl=;=$^wdmiq .ekSï&
l wd∞hu u; r|jd .ekSfï n≥ f,i re' ñ' 1"834'35 ^2015
2016 2015
re' ñ' 1"788'16& l úhoula ord we;' re' 000 re' 000
38' fufyhqï ,dNh fufyhqï uqo,a m%jdyh iu. iei£u nexl= yd uQ,H wdh;khkaf.a
;ekam;= ^jeäùu&$wvqúu (121,524,559) (20,944,825)
2016 2015 (121,524,559) (20,944,825)
re' 000 re' 000
fufyhqï l%shdldrlïj,ska jdr®;d
f lreKq Y=oaO ,dNh$^w,dNh& 22,179,519 (19,601,819) 41' wjidk uqo,a iy uqo,a iudkhka
uqo,a fkdjk whs;uhka
tl;=l<d $ ^wvql<d&
2016 2015
laIhùï yd l%ulaIh 520,961 557,158 re' 000 re' 000

,enqKq fmd<ssh - foaYSh uqo,a wdfhdack (20,333,567)

úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï
(8,749,944)
l<U úfoaYSh nexl= iu`. uqo,a fYaI
423,783,737 557,474,685
Wm,íê fkdjQ o< úfoaY úksuh (12,107,722) (26,557,419)
^,dNh& $ mdvqj
423,783,737 557,474,685
ia:djr j;alï úls”fuka ,o ,dNh (1,400) (1,236)
wfkl=;a fjka ls¯ï 2,713,774 (89,185)
ú,ïNS; m%∞k (27) (409)
m%;Hd.Kk w,dN 378,907 -
PRGF ;ekam;= l%ulaIh (6,165) (5,726)
ia:djr wd∞hï iq/l=ïm;a l%ulaIh
úhoï 807,349 845,385
tl;=l<d $ ^wvql<d& wfkl=;a ldrl
m%d.aOk whs;uhkaf.a fjkiaùï
f;d.j, ^jeäùu&$wvqùu (2,694,897) 200,516
,eìh hq;= fmd<sh ^jeäùu&$wvqùu (4,576,657) 775,068
úúO nerlïj, jeäùu$^wvqùu& (723,637) (2,029,813)
f.úh hq;= fmd<sh jeäùu$ ^wvqùu& 32,460 (2,165,490)
wfkl=;a ,eîï ^jeäùu&$ wvqùu (26,455) 59,130
tl;=l<d$^wvql<d& wdfhdack iy
uQ,H l%shdldrlï
Y=oaO Wm,íê fkdjQ fjf<|fmd<
w.h fjkiaùu (9,857,403) 36,983,579
fufyhqï l%shdldrlïj,ska Y=oaO uqo,a
m%jdyh (23,694,960) (19,780,205)

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 33

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

42' wruqo,alrKfha ixflakaøKh ùu

jr®I wjidkhg nexl=fõ wruqo,alrKfha ie,lsh hq;= ixflakaøKh ùu my; i|yka m˙† h'

tl;=j Y%S ,xld Y%S ,xld Y%S ,xld wê cd;sl wksl=;a

rch uyckhd jd◊c uQ,H
nexl= wdh;k
re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg
úfoaYSh uQ,H nerlï
nexl= iy uQ,H wdh;kj,g f.úh
hq;= uqo,a 45,566,681 - - - 180,696 45,385,985

jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK 14,573,675 - - 14,573,664 11 -

wdishdkq ksYaldIK ix.uh 79,863,615 - - - 79,863,615 -

cd'uQ'w' 269,540,596 - - - 269,540,596 -

wksl=;a 96,250,032 34,417,259 - 1,169,177 440,328 60,223,268

uqΩ úfoaYSh uQ,H nerlï 505,794,599 34,417,259 - 15,742,841 350,025,246 105,609,253

foaYSh uQ,H nerlï

nexl= iy uQ,H wdh;k úiska
;ekam;= 303,251,290 - - 293,896,364 - 9,354,926

rch iy rcfha wdh;k úiska

;ekam;= 450,884 450,837 47 - - -

m%;sñ,° .ekSfï tl`.;djh u;

wf<ú l< iq/l=ïm;a 70,054,436 - - 67,552,907 - 2,501,529
fiajl m%;s,dN ie,iqïj, fYaIhka 51,744 - - - - 51,744
ixirKfha we;s uqo,a 552,777,865 - 552,777,865 - - -
wfkl=;a f.úh hq;= ≤ 8,563,548 46,218 - 182,000 - 8,335,330

uqΩ foaYSh uQ,H nerlï 935,149,767 497,055 552,777,912 361,631,271 - 20,243,529

uqΩ uQ,H nerlï 1,440,944,366 34,914,314 552,777,912 377,374,112 350,025,246 125,852,782

wksl=;a nerlï
ú,ïNS; m%∞khka 80 - - - - 80

úY%du jegqma iy wfkl=;a mYapd;a

/lshd m%;s,dN ie,iqï 2,429,153 - - - - 2,429,153
úúO nerlï iu. WmÑ;hka 193,297 62,449 - - - 130,848
uqqΩ wksl=;a nerlï 2,622,530 62,449 - - - 2,560,081
uqΩ nerlï 1,443,566,896 34,976,763 552,777,912 377,374,112 350,025,246 128,412,863

II fldgi - 34 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

2015 foieïnr® 31 †kg ixikaokd;aul ixLHd my; i|yka m˙† fõ'

tl;=j Y%S ,xld Y%S ,xld Y%S ,xld wê cd;sl wksl=;a

rch uyckhd jd◊c uQ,H
nexl= wdh;k
re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
2015 foieïnr® 31 †kg
úfoaYSh uQ,H nerlï
nexl= iy uQ,H wdh;kj,g f.úh
hq;= uqo,a 12,048,241 - - - 175,949 11,872,292
jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK 24,280,308 - - 24,280,059 - 249
wdishdkq ksYaldIK ix.uh 68,887,459 - - - 68,887,459 -
cd'uQ'w' 251,644,344 - - - 251,644,344 -
wksl=;a 217,924,142 49,479,048 - 1,124,395 643,303 166,677,396
uqΩ úfoaYSh uQ,H nerlï 574,784,494 49,479,048 - 25,404,454 321,351,055 178,549,937
foaYSh uQ,H nerlï
nexl= iy uQ,H wdh;k úiska
;ekam;= 181,726,732 - - 181,720,741 - 5,991
rch iy rcfha wdh;k úiska
;ekam;= 428,142 428,041 101 - - -
m%;sñ,° .ekSfï tl`.;djh u;
wf<ú l< iq/l=ïm;a 105,491,006 - - 105,491,006 - -
fiajl m%;s,dN ie,iqïj, fYaIhka 7,212 - - - - 7,212
ixirKfha we;s uqo,a 491,699,948 - 491,699,948 - - -
wfkl=;a f.úh hq;= ≤ 6,824,992 48,135 - 182,000 - 6,594,857
uqΩ foaYSh uQ,H nerlï 786,178,032 476,176 491,700,049 287,393,747 - 6,608,060
uqΩ uQ,H nerlï 1,360,962,526 49,955,224 491,700,049 312,798,201 321,351,055 185,157,997
wksl=;a nerlï
ú,ïNS; m%∞khka 106 - - - - 106
úY%du jegqma iy wfkl=;a mYapd;a
/lshd m%;s,dN ie,iqï 10,942,541 - - - - 10,942,541
úúO nerlï iu. WmÑ;hka 199,325 26,364 - - - 172,961
uqqΩ wksl=;a nerlï 11,141,972 26,364 - - - 11,115,608
uqΩ nerlï 1,372,104,498 49,981,588 491,700,049 312,798,201 321,351, 055 196,273,605

43' wjodkï l<ukdlrKh

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j tys jHjia:dms; wruqKq folla jk
ñ, ia:dhs;djh yd uQ,H moaO;sfha ia:dhs;djh fjkqfjka
lghq;= lrkq ,nhs' tfukau" wdr®:ßl yd uQ,H m%;sm;a;s
ls%hd;aul lr tys wruqKq iqrlaIs; ls¯u i|yd Y%S ,xld uy
nexl=j fj; mqΩ,a jQ jHjia:dms; n,;, mej¯ we;' uQ,H
uKav,h" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ md,k uKav,h jYfhka
nexl=fõ l<uKdlrKh" fufyhqï yd m˙md,kh
iïnkaO ishΩ m%;sm;a;suh ;SrK .ekSug j.lshkq ,nhs'
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ fufyhqï yd m%;sm;a;s" ,dN bmehSu
flfrys wruqKq .; fkdfõ' flfia fj;;a" nexl=j
;u ldr®hhka mj;ajdf.k hdfï° úúO jQ wj∞kï
;;a;ajhkag ksrdjrKh fõ'
tneúka nexl=fõ l<ukld˙;ajh" ±ä yd M,∞hs wj∞kï
l<ukdlrK yd md,k l%uhka ;yjqre ls¯ug lghq;=
lrkq ,nhs'
fï iïnkaOfhka uqo,a uKav,h" wjodkï md,kh yd
M,∞hS l<ukdlrKh ;yjqre ls¯u i|yd lñgq lsysmhlg
iy wxY$fomdr®;fïka;=j,g fuu lghq;= mjrd ;sfí'
tneúka wj∞kï l<uKdlrKh nexl=fõ ;SrK .ekSug
w∞, ishΩ uÜgïj, j.lSula fõ' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
;=, wj∞kï l<ukdlrK ldr®hh § ;=ka fm< wdrlaIs;
Wml%u¶ wdlD;sh hgf;a is≥fõ'
ta wkqj §m<uq fm< wdrlaIs; Wml%u¶ hkaf.a j.lSu w∞,
fomdr®;fïka;= yd nef|a' §m<uq fm< wdrlaIs; Wml%u¶
hg;g .efkk wj∞kï ;;a;ajhka fufyhqï iajNdjhla
we;s ;;a;ajhka jk neúka w∞, wj∞kï ;;a;ajhka tajd
yg.;a fomdr®;fïka;= úiskau yiqrejkq ,nhs'
wdrlaIs; Wml%uhkaf.a m<uq fm<" fhda.H wNHka;r
wjodkï l<uKdlrK moaO;s iy md,k udr®.hka kshñ;

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 35

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
m˙† we;s njg ;yjqre lrhs' wdrlaIs; Wml%uhkaf.a fojk
fm< jYfhka wj∞kï l<uKdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j
uQ,H wj∞kï ;;a;ajhka we.hSu" md,kh yd wëlaIKh
ls¯ug;a iajdëkj wêm;s;=udg jdr®;d ls¯ug;a j.lSu
orhs' wdrlaIs; Wml%uhkaf.a ;=kajk fm< f,i" wj∞kï
rlaIKh ls¯fï ldr®hfhys j.lSu wNHka;r ú.Kk
fomdr®;fïka;=jg mej¯ we;'
wj∞kï ys m%Odk udkhka fol jkqfha" uQ,H yd uQ,H
fkdjk wjodkï h' uQ,H wj∞ku ;=, fjf<`ofmd,
wj∞ku" ^fmd<S wkqmd; wj∞ku yd úfoaY úksuh
wkqmd; wj∞ku& Kh wj∞ku yd øjYS,;d wj∞ku
wka;r®.; fõ' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ úfoaY ixÑ; l<U
yd ne`≥kq wj∞kï ;lafiare ls¯u" wëlaIKh ls¯u iy
jdr®;d ls¯u wj∞kï l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska is≥lrkq ,nk w;r cd;Hka;r fufyhqï
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska úfoaY ixÑ; l<U l<ukdlrKh
lrkq ,nhs' fuu ixÑ; l<U l<ukdlrKh ls¯fï °"
cd;Hka;r fufyhqï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska wj∞kï
wdjrKh i`oyd jQ m%;sm;a;s we;=,;a úia;Sr®K u`.fmkaùï
wkq.ukh lrkq ,nk w;r" cd;Hka;r ixÑ; wdY%s;
uQ,H wj∞kï ;lafiare ls¯ï iajdëkj wêm;s ;=ud iy
uqo,a uKav,h fj; jdr®;d lrkq ,nhs'
fmd<S wkqmd; wj∞ku fyj;a fmd<S wkqmd; p,khkag
nexl=fõ úfoaY j;alï l<fUys wdjrKhùï" wdfhdack
l<fUys ld, mrdih .e,mSu u`.ska iy †k 10l
ld,mrdihlg iy ishhg wkQkjhl úYajdi;d
uÜgulg we;s wj∞kfuys jákdlu ;lafiare ls¯u u.ska
wëlaIKh flfr®' úfoaY úksuh wj∞ku fyj;a úfoaY
úksuh wkqmd;j, fjkiaùï fya;=fjka is≥jk m%d.aOk
mdvq m%Odk jYfhka wdfhdack úksuhka úúOdx.slrKh
;=<ska md,kh lrkq ,efí' øjYS,;d wj∞ku wju ls¯u
Wofid j;alï fn∞ fjkals¯fï l%shdj,sfhys j;alï
ldKav iSud ls¯u;a" iq/l=ïm;a ksl=;a lrkakkaf.ka ñ,°
.; yels uqΩ w.hg Wm˙u iSudjka mekùu;a is≥lrkq
,nhs' úfoaY ixÑ; l<ukdlrKfha °" úfoaY úksuh
wkqmd;h md,kh ls¯fï yelshdjka mj;ajd.ekSu i|yd"
øjYS,;d wj∞ku wju ls¯u flfrys uQ,sl wjOdkh
fhduq flfr®' Kh wj∞ku" fmd<S wkqmd;h" úfoaY
úksuh yd øjYS,;d wj∞ku md,kh ls¯u i|yd jq
m%;sm;a;s ms<sfj,ska 43'1" 43'2" 43'3 yd 43'4 hk igyka
j,ska úia;r flfr®'
wdfhdackj, yd m%;smdr®Yjhkaf.a Kh jr®.SlrKhka
mokï lr.;a úfoaY j;alï l<U iïnkaO Kh
wj∞ku md,kh ls¯u i|yd m%;smdr®Yjhka iïnkaO
Kh wj∞kï l<ukdlrK moaO;sh fhd∞ .kq ,nhs'
óg wu;rj" wj∞kï l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska uqo,a fjf<`ofmd, m%;smdr®Yúh Kh meyerye¯ï
yqjudre$fldgia ñ, ksrka;r wëlaIKhg ,la lrkq
,nhs'
wNHka;r wdfhdack wruqo,aj,g w∞, uQ,H wj∞kï
;lafiare ls¯u" wêlaIKh ls¯u iy jdr®;d ls¯u wj∞kï
l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j u`.ska is≥ flfr®' uQ,H
II fldgi - 36
II fldgi
lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=fõ b†˙ ldr®hd,h u`.ska Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ wNHka;r wdfhdack wruqo, md,kh flfrk
w;r" wjodkï l<ukdlrk fomdr®;fïka;=j u`.ska
thg wod, wjodkï wLKavj wëlaIKh lrkq ,nhs'
tfukau wLKavj ilik ,o ;;a;aj jdr®;d wêm;sjrhd
fj; iajdëkj jdr®;d ls¯u;a" m%d.aOk ixrlaIKh
iy m%udKj;a øjYS,S;djhla ksr;=rej mj;ajd .ekSu
fjkqfjka wdfhdack l%shdj,sh iy wdfhdack m%;sm;a;s
jeä†hqKq ls¯ug bjy,a jk wj∞kï ine`† fhojqï
uQ,H lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; ,nd°u;a" wj∞kï
l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j u`.ska is≥ flfr®'
uQ,H fkdjk wj∞ku ;=," kS;suh wjodku" wkqql+,;d
wjodku" udkj iïm;a wjodku" jxpd wjodku" Wmdh
udr®.sl yd m%;sm;a;s wjodku iy wfkl=;a fufyhqï
wj∞kï we;=<;a fõ'
uQ,H fkdjk wj∞kï wëlaIKh ls¯u" ldr®hh ms<fj;a"
kS;s yd udr®. ksr®foaYhka yd wkql+, ùfï wj∞ku
fukau nexl=jg fhda.H wj∞kï md,kh ls¯u o ;yjqre
lrhs' fï wkqj uQ,H fkdjk wj∞kï l<ukdlrK
lñgqj úiska tys ldr®;=uh /iaùï ys ° nexl=fjys uQ,H
fkdjk wj∞kï wëlaIKh lrkq ,nhs' wêm;s;=ud úiska
fuys iNdm;S;ajh ork w;r wj∞kï ;;a;ajhkag jeä
ksrdjrKhla we;s f;dard.;a m%Odk fomdr®;fïka;= fuys
idud‚l;ajh orhs' wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=fjys
wOHlaIljrhd fuys ks¯laIlfhl= f,i lghq;= lrkq
,nhs' fuu lñgqfõ m%Odk wruqK jkqfha" nexl=fjys
lSr®;sh wdrlaId ls¯ug yd is≥úh yels ydks yd w,dN
wju ls¯u fjkqfjka nexl=fõ uQ,H fkdjk wj∞kï
y`≥kd .ekSug;a" we.hSug;a" we;s úh yels n,mEu
iy iïNdú;djh wëlaIKhg;a uqo,a uKav,hg mej¯
we;s j.lSu i|yd iydh ùuhs' wj∞kï l<uKdlrK
ie,iqfï yd wNHka;r md,k ms<sfj;ays .=Kd;aulNdjh"
iïmQr®K;ajh yd ldr®hlaIu;djh iudf,dapkh yd
we.hSuo fuu lñgqj úiska is≥ lrhs'
wNHka;r md,k iy wj∞kï l<ukdlrK l%shdj,sh"
nexl=fõ wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
jdr®Islj ú.Kkh flfr®' fuu fomdr®;fïka;=j
tu l%shdudr®.j, m%udKd;au;djh yd tu l%shd udr®.
flfrys nexl=fõ wkql+,;djh m¯laId lrkq ,nhs' iEu
fomer®;fïka;=jlau l,ska l,g wNHka;r ú.Kk
úur®IKhlg ,la fõ' wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=j
m˙md,kuh jYfhka" uqo,a uKav,fhys iNdm;S;ajh
ork wêm;sjrhd fj; jdr®;d lrk w;r" l%shdld¯ f,i
ú.Kk lñgqj fj; jdr®;d lrkq ,efí'
uqo,a uKav,fhys f;dar.;a idud‚lfhl= úiska
WmfoaYd;aul ú.Kk lñgqfjys uq,iqk ork w;r"
tu lñgqj úiska jdr®Isl yd wfkl=;a uQ,H jdr®;dj,
úksúoNdjh ms<sn`ojo" uQ,Huh ldr®hidOkh ms<sn`oj
jQ ldr®;=uh l<ukdld¯;aj m%ldYk yd wfkl=;a ks,
±kqï °ï ms<sn`ojo" ie,lsh hq;= uQ,H jdr®;dlrK .egÆ
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

yd úksYaphka iudf,dapkh ms<sn`ojo" wNHka;r md,k ^wd& wdh;kh wkqj Kh ixf lakaøKh ùu

yd wj∞kï l<ukdld¯;aj moaO;s ms<sn`ojo" nexl=fõ nexl=fõ jr®Ih wjidkhg jk ie,lsh hq;= Kh
wkql+,;d ldr®hhfhys m%udKd;aul yd iM,∞hS nj ixflakaøKh ùu wdh;k jr®.hka wkqj my; ±lafõ'
ms<sn`ojo" wNHka;r ú.Kk ldr®hhka yd thg iïnkaê;
ldr®hhka yd thg iïnkaê; ldr®hhkaj, iM,∞hS;djh 2016 2015

iy ndysr ú.Kk lghq;= ms<sn`ojo" uqo,a uKav,h re' 000 re' 000
±kqj;a lrkq ,nhs' WmfoaYd;aul ú.Kk lñgqfjys rchka 843,824,011 903,134,670
ksr®foaYhka iy wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=fjys wê cd;sl uQ,H wdh;k 373,327,138 336,791,480
m%.;sh ldr®;=uh jYfhka uqo,a uKav, fj; jdr®;d lrkq úfoaYSh nexl= iy uQ,H 159,700,398 48,696,315
,nhs' wdh;k
Y%S ,xld nexl= yd uQ,H 3,838,531 909,033
uqo,a kS;S mkf;a 42 yd 43 j.ka;s m%ldrj" nexl=j wdh;k
ú.Kldêm;sjrhd úiska cd;Hka;r uQ,H jdr®;dls¯fï wksl=;a 5,880,308 5,513,446

m%ñ;Skag wkql+,j cd;Hka;r ú.Kk m%ñ;Ska hgf;a uqΩ uQ,H j;alï 1,386,570,386 1,295,044,944
ú.Kk lghq;= lrf.k hdu i|yd jr<;a .Kldêld¯
iud.ula jk wr®kiaÜ iy hx.ays iydho ,ndf.k we;'
^we& Kh fYa%◊.; ls¯u u.ska Kh wj∞ku uekSu
43'1 Kh wjodku
iagEkavr®â wekaâ mqjr®ia iy µsÉ fr®áka iud.ug
^w& N+f.da,Sh m%foaY wkqj Kh ixflakaøKh
wkqj Kh fY%aKs.; ls¯u is≥l< nexl=fõ uQ,H
nexl=fõ jr®Ih wjidkfha ° ie,lsh hq;= Kh j;alï fyda uQ,H j;alï ksl=;=lrejka my; j.=fjka
ixflakaøKhka N+f.da,Sh m%foaY wkqj ^wdh;kfha ±lafõ' iagEkavr®â iy mqjr®ia iy µsÉ fr®áka iud.fï
whs;sldr;aj rgj,a mokï lrf.k& my; ±lafõ' fY%aKs.; ls¯ï wkqj AAA ixfla;h b;d by<u
fY%aKs.; ls¯u yd wju wfmalaIs; Kh wj∞ku fmkakqï
2016 2015 lrk w;r" hïlsis wdh;khlg fmd<Sh iy uq,a uqo,a
re' 000 re' 000 f.ùug yels Yla;su;a ;;ajhla ;sfnk nj olajhs'
AA ixfla;fhka b;d by< fY%aKs.; ls¯ula yd b;d
YS% ,xldj 450,026,855 266,095,014
wvq wfmalaIs; Kh wj∞kula ±lafjk w;r" Yla;su;a
wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh 238,171,318 314,591,946 ;;ajhla olajhs' A ixfla;fhka by< uOHu fY%aKshka
cmdkh 42,458,692 47,722,367 olajk w;r Yla;su;a ;;a;ajhla yd Kh wjodkfï my<
ì%;dkHh 53,470,592 170,829,879
;;ajhla olajhs' BBB ixfla;fhka my< u wdfhdack
fY%aKs ls¯ula yd my< uÜgfï Kh wjodkula nj;sk
hqfrdamh 130,405,122 101,096,757 nj olajk w;r" m%udKj;a wdrlaIl mrdñ;s fmkakqï
wê cd;sl uQ,H wdh;k 373,327,138 336,791,479 lrhs' AAA ixfla;hg my< fY%aKs m%Odk m%fNaohka
fjk;a 98,710,669 57,917,502 w;r mj;akd ;;a;ajh ±laùu msKsi + fyda - ,l=Kq
u`.ska ldKavlrKh l< yelsh' iagEkavr®â wekaâ mqjr®ia
uqΩ uQ,H j;alï 1,386,570,386 1,295,044,944
yd µsÉ fr®áka.a iud.ï úiska Kh fY%aKs.; fkdl< nj
NR ixfla;fhka ±lafõ'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 37

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

Kh 2016 2015
Kh fY%a◊.; ls¯u u.ska Kh wjodku uekSï % %
fY%a◊h re' 000 re' 000
uqo,a yd uqo,a iudkhka
fµvr,a ˙iõ nEkala - we't'c'$ ˙iõ nEkala Tµa ´iafÜ%,shd
$nEkala fµda bkagr®keIk,a fiÜ,aukaÜia$nEkala Tµa cemEka$fvdhsIa
nqkafvia nEkala$nEkala Tµa bka.a,kaâ$fij¯.aia ˙laia
nEkala$nEkala Tµa lekvd$˙iõ nEkala Tµa ksõiS,kaâ 310,794,899 22.41% 553,410,725 42.73%
AAA 53,182,289 3.84% - -
AA 7,536 0.00% 3,435 0.00%
AA- 50,185,913 3.62% - -
A+ 8,002,830 0.58% 2,127,405 0.16%
A 946,070 0.07% 1,531,225 0.12%
A- 138,110 0.01% 1,734 0.00%
BBB+ 37 0.00% 202,837 0.02%
BBB- 29,187 0.00% 1,325 0.00%
NR 496,866 0.04% 195,999 0.02%
423,783,737 30.56% 557,474,685 43.05%
úfoaY úksuh úls”u$úls”u i`oyd we;s iq/l=ïm;a
fµvr,a ˙iõ nEkala - we' t' c'$˙iõ nEkala Tµa ´iafÜ%,shd$
nEkala fµda bkagr®keIk,a fiÜ,aukaÜia$ nEkala Tµa cemEka$
fvdhsIa nqkafvia nEkala$nEkala Tµa bka.a,kaâ$fij¯.aia ˙laia
nEkala$nEkala Tµa lekvd$˙iõ nEkala Tµa ksõiS,kaâ 8,820,628 0.64% 11,714,884 0.90%
AAA 123,208,858 8.89% 180,207,061 13.92%
AA+ 185,264,513 13.36% 117,813,693 9.10%
AA 4,523,696 0.33% 922,677 0.07%
AA- 20,567,813 1.48% 15,356,209 1.19%
A+ 22,509,922 1.62% 22,574,134 1.74%
A 3,119,014 0.22% - -
A- (120,419) -0.01% - -
BBB+ 542,589 0.04% - -
NR 9,990,623 0.72% 27,452,563 2.12%
378,427,237 27.29% 376,041,221 29.04%

,dN fyda w,dN u; idOdrK ñ,g we;s iq/l=ïm;a

A 13,396,168 0.97% 11,792,926 0.91%
13,396,168 0.97% 11,792,926 0.91%
jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK
fµvr,a ˙iõ nEkala-we't'c$'˙iõ nEkala Tµa ´iafÜ%,shd$
nEkala fµda bkagr®keIk,a fiÜ,aukaÜia$nEkala Tµa cemEka
$fvdhsIa nqkafvia nEkala$nEkala Tµa bka.a,kaâ$fij¯.aia ˙laia
nEkala$nEkala Tµa lekvd$˙iõ nEkala Tµa ksõiS,kaâ - - 99 0.00%
A - - 49 0.00%
foaYSh fY%a◊.; ls¯u A- - - 1,886 0.00%
AA+ 2,377 0.00% 1,652 0.00%
AA 156,660 0.01% 459 0.00%
AA- 39,843 0.00% - 0.00%
198,880 0.01% 4,145 0.00%
cd'uQ'w' iïnkaO j;alï AAA 117,008,339 8.44% 83,636,350 6.46%
117,008,339 8.44% 83,636,350 6.46%

II fldgi - 38 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

Kh 2016 2015 %
0.00%
fY%a◊h re' 000 re' 000
wfkl=;a ,eìh hq;= ≤
AAA 532 0.00% 344 0.00%
AA- 2,299,102 0.17% - -
A+ 224,742 0.02% - -
A 127 0.00% 2,370 0.00%
A- 120,772 0.01% - -
BBB+ 237,320 0.02% - -
BBB- - - 4 0.00%
foaYSh fY%a◊.; ls¯u AAA 2,247,000 0.16% 2,357 0.00%
NR 1,045,455 0.08% - -
6,175,050 0.45% 5,075 0.00%
uQΩ úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï 938,989,411 67.72% 1,028,954,402 79.45%
foaYSh uQ,H j;alï
YS% ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a B+ 351,426,470 25.35% 102,866,995 7.94%
rchg fokq ,enQ ld,Sk w;a;sldrï B+ 83,306,771 6.01% 151,131,672 11.67%
nexl=j,g fok ,o Kh AA+ 244,284 0.02% 503,989 0.04%
AA 4,040 0.00% 6,328 0.00%
AA- 7,902 0.00% 14,715 0.00%
A+ 17,775 0.00% 32,314 0.00%
A- 25,195 0.00% 33,101 0.00%
BBB 3,626 0.00% 6,835 0.00%
BB+ 62,341 0.00% 85,759 0.01%
B+ 515 0.00% 1,422 0.00%
B 3,500 0.00% 4,860 0.00%
NR 114,865 0.01% 197,034 0.02%
uQ,H yd wfkl=;a wdh;k j, ysñlre m%d.aOk wdfhdack NR 41,095 0.00% 41,095 0.00%
wfkl=;a j;alï AA+ 533,300 0.04% - -
AA 167,600 0.01% - -
A 6,500 0.00% - -
A- 56,400 0.00% - -
B+ 5,697,917 0.41% 5,671,508 0.44%
B 10,000 0.00% 10,000 0.00%
NR 5,850,879 0.42% 5,482,915 0.42%
uQΩ foaYSh uQ,H j;alï 447,580,975 32.28% 266,090,542 20.55%
uQΩ uQ,H j;alï 1,386,570,386 100.00% 1,295,044,944 100.00%

^wE& m%Odk Kh fY%a◊j, idrdxYh

úfoaYSh uq,H j;alï

fµvr,a ˙iõ nEkala - we't'c'$˙iõ nEkala Tµa ´iafÜ%,shd$
nEkala fµda bkagr®keIk,a fiÜ,aukaÜia$nEkala Tµa cemEka$
fvdhsIa nqkafvia nEkala$nEkala Tµa bx.a,kaâ$ fij¯.aia ˙laia
nEkala$nEkala Tµa lekvd$˙iõ nEkala Tµa ksõiS,kaâ 319,615,527 23.05% 565,125,708 43.64%
cd'uQ'w' iïnkaO j;alï 117,008,871 8.44% 83,636,694 6.46%
AAA 176,391,148 12.72% 180,207,061 13.92%
AA+/- 262,848,573 18.96% 134,096,014 10.35%
A+/- 48,337,336 3.49% 38,031,730 2.94%
BBB+/- 809,132 0.06% 204,166 0.02%
NR 10,487,489 0.76% 27,648,561 2.13%
foaYSh fY%aKs.; ls¯u AAA 2,247,000 0.16% 2,357 0.00%
AA+ 2,377 0.00% 1,652 0.00%
AA 156,660 0.01% 459 0.00%
AA- 39,843 0.00% - -
NR 1,045,455 0.08% - -
uqΩ úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï 938,989,411 67.72% 1,028,954,402 79.45%

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 39

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

foaYSh uQ,H j;alï AA+ 777,584 0.06% 503,989 0.04%

AA 171,640 0.01% 6,328 0.00%
AA- 7,902 0.00% 14,715 0.00%
A+ 17,775 0.00% 32,314 0.00%
A 6,500 0.00% - -
A- 81,595 0.01% 33,101 0.00%
BBB 3,626 0.00% 6,835 0.00%
BB+ 62,341 0.00% 85,759 0.01%
B+ 440,431,674 31.76% 259,671,597 20.05%
B 13,500 0.00% 14,860 0.00%
NR 6,006,838 0.43% 5,721,044 0.44%
uqΩ foaYSh uQ,H j;alï 447,580,975 32.28% 266,090,542 20.55%
uqΩ uQ,H j;alï 1,386,570,386 100.00% 1,295,044,944 100.00%

43'2 fmd<S wkqmd;sl wjodku wdfhdack l<fò we;s ix,laIKhka yd ne∫ïlr

^w& úfoaYSh uqo,a fmd<S wkqmd; ixfõ°;djh wdfhdack l<fò we;s wj∞kï wNsreÑh hk lreKq
i,ld ne,Sfuka wk;=rej uy nexl=j úiska WÑ;
fmd<S wkqmd; wjodku hkq fmd<S wkqmd;fha fjkiaùu úl˙; iM, ld,Éf√ohka l,ska l,g ilia lrkq
ksid we;sjk mdvq ú£fï wjodkuhs' ,efí' úfoaY j;alï wdfhdack l<fò úl˙; iM,
ia:djr wd∞hï iq/l=ïm;a wdfhdack l<fUys fmd<S ld,Éf√oh my; wdldr fõ'
wkqmd; ixfõ°;djh" ixÑ; l<ukdlrK iy WmfoaYl úl˙; iM, ld,Éf√oh
jevigyfkys wdfhdack (RAMP) yer" fmd,S wkqmd;h
úl˙; iM, ld,Éf√oh
mokï wxl 10 lska jeäùu u.ska w∞< wdfhdack l<fUys wdfhdack LKavh
úhyels ydksh jk w;r fuh YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska 2016 2015
wj∞kï ;lafiare ls¯u i`oyd fhd∞ .kakd ;j;a l%uhla m%d.aOk fjf<|fmd<
^ia:djr wd∞hï 2.26 3.28
fõ'
iq/l=ïm;a&
LKavkh lrk ,o ia:djr wd∞hï wdfhdack l<fUys RAMP 1.42 -
wjodkï ksjdrK ixfõ°;djh my; ±lafõ'
^ii& úl˙; iM, ld,Éf√oh u`.ska úYd, jYfhka jk
LKavkh lrk ,o úh yels mdvqj ñ, fjkiaùï .Kkh fkdjk ksid" úfoaY ixÑ;
ia:djr wd∞hï ^we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk&
wdfhdack l<fò fmd<S wkqmd; wjodku uekSu
iq/l=ïm;a l<U 2016 2015 i|yd Ndú;d lrk ;j;a ñkqula f,i W;a;,;djh
fjf<| yd (convexity) ±laúh yelsh' W;a;,;djh u`.ska
úls”u i|yd we;s 5.16 8.35
ne∫ïlr ñ, M,∞ jl%fha fjkiaùu ld, m˙Éf√ohg
wdfhdack wkqj ir, fr®Ldjla u`.ska ukskq ,nhs' fuu.ska
ia:djr iq/l=ïm;a ñ," fmd<S wkqmd;hg olajk
RAMP 0.03 - ixfõ°;djh ;j≥rg;a kshñ; w.hg wdikak ls¯ug
bvlv ,ndfoa' ld,Éf√ofha fjki i|yd M,∞
wj∞kï l<uKdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska úfoaY wkqmd;fha fjki W;a;,;djhhs' th úl˙; iM,
j;alï wdfhdack l<fUys fmd<S wkqmd; wjodku ld,Éf√ofha mqfrdal;kh l< f∞aIh ukskq ,nhs'
l<ukdlrKh ls¯u i|yd my; ±lafjk Wmdh udr®. fjk;a jpkfhka lsjfyd;a fuh M,∞ wkqmd;h
hka wkq.ukh lrkq ,efí' iïnkaOfhka iq/l=ïm;aj, ñ,hkays fojk
jHq;amkakhhs'
^i& fmd<S wkqmd; fjkiaùu u; úfoaY j;alï wdfhdack
l<Ug we;sjk n,mEu fmd<S wkqmd; ixfõ°;djh LKavkh lrk ,o ia:djr wd∞hï iq/l=ïm;a wdfhdack
u.ska ukskq ,nk w;ru fmd<S wkqmd;h fukau l<fò W;a;,;djh
wdfhdackfha ld, iSudj ie,ls,a,g .kq ,nk
úl˙; iM, ld,Éf√oh fmd<S wkqmd; wj∞ku LKavkh lrk ,o úh yels mdvqj
^we'fvd,r® ñ,shk&
uekSu i|yd nexl=j úiska fhd∞ .kq ,efí' úl˙; ia:djr wd∞hï
iM, ld,Éf√oh u.ska fok,o fmd,S wkqmd; iq/l=ïm;a l<U 2016 2015
^M,∞j& fjkiaùï u; iq/l=ïm;aj, ñ, fjkiaùï fjf<| yd úls”u i|yd we;s
ukskq ,efí' by< úl˙; iM, ld,Éf√ohla 0.99 0.19
wdfhdack
u.ska by< wj∞kula fmkakqï flfr®' tuksid
RAMP 0.04 -
uQ,H fjf<|fmd,j,a ;=< we;s jk ixjr®Okhka"

II fldgi - 40 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi
(iii) wj∞kï jákdlu (Value at Risk)
idudkH fjf<`ofmd< ;;a;ajhka hgf;a uQ,H
fjf<`ofmd< p,khka u.ska wdfhdack l<Ul whym;a
†idjg wj∞ku ;ks w.hlg idrdxY ls¯ula wj∞kï
jákdlu u.ska is≥lrhs' tu ksid wj∞kï jákdlu
b,lal ld, iSudj mqrdjg jk Wm˙u w,dNh jk w;r
tys ° i;H w,dNh by< ùfï iïNdú;dj my< yd
l,ska i`oyka uÜgfï úh yel' wj∞kï jákdlu u.ska"
wj∞ku iy ;;a;ajh yryd iudydrh l< yels uqo,ska
m%ldY lrkq ,nk ixLHdjla ,nd foa'
99] úY%ïN m%dka;rhla hgf;a †k 10 l ld, iSudjla
i|yd wj∞kï jákdlï w.h .Kkh i|yd nexl=j
ft;sydisl wkqrEmk (simulation) l%uh fhd∞.kS'
wj∞kï jákdlï ;lafiare ls¯u i|yd jQ ft;sydisl
l%uh úfgl ft;sydisl wkqrEmk l%uh f,i olajhs'
W∞yrKhla jYfhka ft;sydisl l%uh Ndú;d lrñka
5] ffoksl wj∞kï jákdlu .Kkh ls¯fï° miq.sh
ffoksl m%;s,dNh iuqÉÑ; fldg m%;s,dNhka by,u
w.fha isg my,u w.h olajd fY%a◊ .;fldg 5]
wju m%;s,dNh y∫kd .kS' fuu 5] wju m%;s,dNhka
w;=˙ka by,u w.h tla†k 5] jákdlï wj∞ku f,i
y∫kd.kS'
LKavkh lrk ,o ia:djr wj∞kï jákdlu
wd∞hï iq/l=ïm;a l<U ^we't' c'fvd,r®'ñ,shk&
2016 2015
fjf<| yd úls ” u i|yd
36.02 69.82
we;s wdfhdack
RAMP 0.65 - fjf<|fmdf<a fmd<S wkqmd;hka flfrys n,mdkq ,nhs'
(iv) fjf<`o yd újD; ;;a;ajhka (Open Positions) ys
iSud
.Kqfokq wêld˙h jYfhka nexl=j úiska wka;r® †k
lghq;= i`oyd ksYaÑ; .Kqfokqlre iSud (Specific Dealer
Limit) o tlaosk ;;a;aj iSud (Overnight Position Limit)
;ksmqoa., .Kqfokqlrejka i`oyd o mkjkq ,nhs'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
úfoaYSh ixÑ; l<ukdlrK lñgqjg wLKav j jdr®;d ls¯u
ms◊i fmd<S wkqmd;sl wjOdku" ixÑ; l<ukdlrKh
yd WmfoaYl jevigyfkys wdfhdackj,g w∞< j ukskq
,efí'
^wd& foaYSh uqo,a fmd<S wkqmd; ixfõ°;djh
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ uQ,H ;;aj m%ldYfha olajd we;s
foaYSh NdKavd.dr ì,am;a l<U" YS% ,xld rchg ,nd≥ka
Kh m%udKh ksfhdackh lrk ksid th l%uCIh w.hg
jdr®;d lrkq ,nhs' nexl=j fmd<S wd∞hu bmehSu wruqKq
lr fkdf.k NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ñ,° .ekSu is≥ lrk
fyhska NdKavd.dr ì,am;a l<U" wdfhdack l<Ula f,i
fkdie,fla' nexl=fõ uq,sl wruqKqj,ska tlla jk"
wdr®:ßl yd ñ, ia:dhs;djh /lSu iïnkaO uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh
l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd foaYSh fjf<|fmd<g øjYS,;djh
ú°ug fyda foaYSh fjf<|fmd<ska øjYS,;djh Wlyd
.ekSug nexl=j NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ñ,° .ekSu fyda
úls”u is≥ lrkq ,nhs' tfyhska nexl= wdfhdack l<fUys
NdKavd.dr ì,am;aj, m%udKh" tys uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh úiska
;SrKh lrkq ,efí' Bg wu;rj" remsh,a fjf<|fmdf<a
uQ,sl fmd<S wkqmd; tkï" m%;sñ,° .ekSfï wkqmd;h yd
m%;súl=Kqï wkqmd;" uQ,H m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd
nexl=j úiska ;SrKh lrkq ,nhs' jeä≥rg;a" remsh,a
øjYS,;djh ú°ï fyda fjf<|fmd<ska remsh,a øjYS,;djh
Wlyd .ekSï i|yd jQ nexl=fõ l%shdudr®. fmd≥ remsh,a
ta wkqj NdKavd.dr ì,am;a l<U u.ska Woa.; jk fmd<S
wd∞hfï fjkiaùï flfrys wdfhdack ;SrKj,g jvd
nexl=fjys NdKavd.dr ì,am;a l<fUys m%udKh fuka u
uQ,sl jYfhka nexl=fõ uQ,H m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®. n,mdkq
,nhs' tu ksid nexl=j foaYSh uQ,H j;alïj, fmd<sfha
jk ixfõ°;djh .ek fkdi,lkq ,efí'
II fldgi - 41
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

^we& j;alï iy j.lSï l,a ms¯u fyda m%;sñ, ls¯u my; i`oyka ld,˙Éf√oj,° is≥fõ'
N˙;
yh udi 6 jr®I jr®I jr®I
úfoaY uqo,a fmd<S wkqmd; ixfõ°;d idudkH 2016
uila isg 12 1 isg 2 isg 5g
wka;rh( fmd<S tl;=j
fyda wvq olajd 2 olajd 5 olajd jeä
wkqmd;h
] re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
fmd<S ixfõ° úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï

uqo,a yd uqo,a iudkhka 0.6352 423,783,737 423,783,737 - - - -

,dN$w,dN u; idOdrK jákdlug we;s
iq/l=ïm;a yd wf,ú l, yels iq/l=ïm;a 1.1792 378,427,237 82,598,844 37,282,832 100,641,826 117,752,141 40,151,594
cd' uQ' w' iïnkaO j;alï 0.0228 9,940,219 9,940,219 - - - -
uqΩ fmd<S ixfõ° úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï 812,151,193 516,322,800 37,282,832 100,641,826 117,752,141 40,151,594
fmd<S ixfõ° fkdjk úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï

cd'uQ'w' iïnkaO j;alï 107,068,121 - - - 145,906 106,922,215

jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK 198,880 198,880 - - - -
wfkl=;a ,eìh hq;= ≤ 6,175,049 6,175,049 - - - -
,dN$w,dN u; idOdrK jákdlug we;s
iq/l=ïm;a 13,396,168 13,396,168 - - - -
uqΩ fmd<S ixfõ† fkdjk úfoaYSh uQ,H
j;alï 126,838,218 19,770,097 - - 145,906 106,922,215
uQΩ úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï 938,989,411 536,092,897 37,282,832 100,641,826 117,898,047 147,073,809
fmd<S ixfõ° úfoaYSh uQ,H j.lSï
cd'uQ'w' 0.2440 82,976,654 27,750,312 6,937,578 - 18,108,285 30,180,479
wdishdkq ksYaldIK ix.uh 0.5100 79,863,615 79,863,615 - - - -
bka†hdkq uy nexl=j iu. úksuh yqjudre 2.9973 59,920,000 59,920,000 - - - -
uqΩ fmd<S ixfõ° úfoaYSh uQ,H j.lSï 222,760,269 167,533,927 6,937,578 - 18,108,285 30,180,479
fmd<S ixfõ° fkdjk úfoaYSh uQ,H j.lSï
nexl= yd uQ,H wdh;k 45,566,681 45,566,681 - - - -
jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK 14,573,675 5,088,148 3,564,938 3,931,574 1,989,015 -
cd'uQ'w' 186,563,942 - - - - 186,563,942
úfoaYSh uqo,ska we;s jd◊c nexl=j,
1,169,177 - - - - 1,169,177
m%d.aOkh
wfkl=;a úfoaY j.lSu 35,160,855 35,160,855 - - - -
uqΩ fmd<S ixfõ° fkdjk úfoaYSh uQ,H
j.lSï 283,034,330 85,815,684 3,564,938 3,931,574 1,989,015 187,733,119
uqΩ úfoaYSh uQ,H j.lSï 505,794,599 253,349,611 10,502,516 3,931,574 20,097,300 217,913,598
úfoaYSh uqo,a fmd<S wkqmd; ixfõ°;d
wka;rh 589,390,924 348,788,873 30,345,254 100,641,826 99,643,856 9,971,115

N˙;
yh udi 6 jr®I jr®I jr®I
foaYSh uqo,a fmd<S wkqmd; ixfõ°;d wka;rh( idudkH 2016
uila isg 12 1 isg 2 isg 5g
fmd<S tl;=j
fyda wvq olajd 2 olajd 5 olajd jeä
wkqmd;h
fmd<S ixfõ° foaYSh uQ,H j;alï ] re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
YS% ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a 9.1639 320,605,082 233,255,698 87,349,384 - - -
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a yd ne≥ïlr m%;sñ<°
.ekSu 8.5000 30,821,388 30,821,388 - - - -

nexl=j,g fok ,o Kh 8.4016 484,043 182,396 107,091 125,390 61,511 7,655

wksl=;a j;alï - fiajl Kh 3.5355 5,603,510 92,230 92,417 192,376 621,059 4,605,428
- wfkl=;a 10.0070 5,081,970 653,033 179,925 818,650 2,066,410 1,363,952
uqΩ fmd<S ixfõ° foaYSh uQ,H j;alï 362,595,993 265,004,745 87,728,817 1,136,416 2,748,980 5,977,035

II fldgi - 42 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

N˙;
foaYSh uqo,a fmd<S wkqmd; ixfõ°;d wka;rh( idudkH 2016 yh udi 6 jr®I jr®I jr®I
fmd<S tl;=j uila fyda wvq isg 12 olajd 1 isg 2 olajd 2 isg 5 olajd 5 g jeä
wkqmd;h
] re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
fmd<S ixfõ° fkdjk foaYSh uQ,H j;alï
rchg fok ,o ld,Sk w;a;sldrï 83,306,771 83,306,771 - - - -
wfkl=;a j;alï 1,637,116 1,637,116 - - - -
ysñlre m%d.aOk wdfhdack - úls”ug we;s 41,095 - - - - 41,095
uqΩ fmd<S ixfõ° fkdjk foaYSh uQ,H j;alï 84,984,982 84,943,887 - - - 41,095
uQΩ foaYSh uQ,H j;alï 447,580,975 349,948,632 87,728,817 1,136,416 2,748,980 6,018,130
fmd<S ixfõ° foaYSh uQ,H j.lSï
m%;sñ,° .ekqï .súiqï hgf;a úl=Kk ,o
iq/l=ïm;a 7.4282 21,383,724 21,383,724 - - - -
ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlu 7.0000 48,670,712 48,670,712 - - - -
uqΩ fmd<S ixfõ° foaYSh uQ,H j.lSï 70,054,436 70,054,436 - - - -
fmd<S ixfõ° fkdjk foaYSh uQ,H j.lSï
nexl= iy uQ,H wdh;k úiska ;ekam;= 303,251,290 303,251,290 - - - -
rch iy rcfha wdh;k úiska ;ekam;= 450,884 450,884 - - - -
fiajl m%;s,dN ie,iqïj, fYaIhka 51,744 51,744 - - - -
ixirKfha mj;sk uqo,a 552,777,865 552,777,865 - - - -
wksl=;a f.úh hq;= ≤ 8,563,548 8,563,548 - - - -
uqΩ fmd<S ixfõ° fkdjk foaYSh uQ,H j.lSï 865,095,331 865,095,331 - - - -
uqΩ foaYSh uQ,H j.lSï 935,149,767 935,149,767 - - - -
foaYSh uqo,a fmd<S wkqmd;
ixfõ†;d wka;rh 292,541,557 194,950,309 87,728,817 1,136,416 2,748,980 5,977,035

2015 foieïnr® 31 †kg ixixokd;aul ixLHd my; m˙† fõ'

N˙;
yh udi 6 jr®I jr®I jr®I
idudkH 2015
úfoaY uqo,a fmd<S wkqmd; ixfõ°;d wka;rh( uila isg 12 1 isg 2 isg 5g
fmd<S tl;=j
fyda wvq olajd 2 olajd 5 olajd jeä
wkqmd;h
] re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
fmd<S ixfõ° úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï
uqo,a yd uqo,a iudkhka 0.31 557,474,685 557,474,685 - - - -
,dN$w,dN u; idOdrK jákdlug we;s
iq/l=ïm;a yd wf,úl, yels iq/l=ïm;a 1.54 376,041,221 51,900,181 50,000,041 51,436,286 138,190,639 84,514,074

cd'uQ'w' iïnkaO j;alï 0.04 10,523,672 10,523,672 - - - -

uqΩ fmd<S ixfõ° úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï 944,039,578 619,898,538 50,000,041 51,436,286 138,190,639 84,514,074
fmd<S ixfõ° fkdjk úfoaYSh uQ,H
j;alï
cd'uQ'w' iïnkaO j;alï 73,112,678 - - - 138,622 72,974,056
jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK 4,145 2,259 - 1,886 - -
wfkl=;a ,eìh hq;= ≤ 5,075 5,075 - - - -
,dN$w,dN u; idOdrK jákdlug we;s
iq/l=ïm;a 11,792,926 11,792,926 - - - -
uqΩ fmd<S ixfõ† fkdjk úfoaYSh uQ,H
j;alï 84,914,824 11,800,260 - 1,886 138,622 72,974,056
uQΩ úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï 1,028,954,402 631,698,798 50,000,041 51,438,172 138,329,261 157,488,130
fmd<S ixfõ° úfoaYSh uQ,H j.lSï
cd'uQ'w' 0.00 99,720,675 37,825,083 27,509,152 34,386,440 - -
wdishdkq ksYaldIK ix.uh 0.23 68,887,459 68,887,459 - - - -
bkaoshdkq uy nexl=j iu`. úksuh yqjudrej 2.45 158,766,606 158,766,606 - - - -
uqΩ fmd<S ixfõ° úfoaYSh uQ,H j.lSï 327,374,740 265,479,148 27,509,152 34,386,440 - -

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 43

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

N˙;
yh udi 6 jr®I jr®I jr®I
idudkH 2015
úfoaY uqo,a fmd<S wkqmd; ixfõ°;d wka;rh( uila isg 12 1 isg 2 isg 5g
fmd<S tl;=j
fyda wvq olajd 2 olajd 5 olajd jeä
wkqmd;h
] re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
fmd<S ixfõ° fkdjk úfoaYSh uQ,H
j.lSï
nexl= iy uQ,H wdh;k 11,750,164 11,750,164 - - - -
jHq;amkak uq,H WmlrK 24,280,307 9,568,328 6,609,542 1,610,234 5,831,868 660,335
cd'uQ'w' 151,923,669 - - - - 151,923,669
úfoaYSh uqo,ska we;s jd◊c nexl=j, 1,124,395
m%d.aOkh - - - - 1,124,395
wfkl=;a úfoaYSh j.lSï 58,331,218 58,331,218 - - - -
uqΩ fmd<S ixfõ° fkdjk úfoaYSh
uQ,H j.lSï 247,409,753 79,649,710 6,609,542 1,610,234 5,831,868 153,708,399
uqΩ úfoaYSh uQ,H j.lSï 574,784,493 345,128,858 34,118,694 35,996,674 5,831,868 153,708,399
úfoaYSh uqo,a fmd<S wkqmd; ixfõ°;d
wka;rh 616,664,838 354,419,390 22,490,889 17,049,846 138,190,639 84,514,074

N˙; yh udi 6 jr®I jr®I jr®I

idudkH 2015
foaYSh uqo,a fmd<S wkqmd; ixfõ°;d wka;rh( uila isg 12 1 isg 2 isg 5g
fmd<S tl;=j fyda wvq olajd 2 olajd 5 olajd jeä
wkqmd;h
] re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
fmd<S ixfõ° foaYSh uQ,H j;alï
YS% ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a 6.5802 102,731,967 58,490,040 44,241,927 - - -
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a yd ne≥ïlr m%;sñ<° 7.5000 135,028 135,028 - - - -
.ekSu
nexl=j,g fok ,o Kh 8.3863 886,357 215,559 190,756 285,486 183,562 10,994
wksl=;a j;alï - fiajl Kh 3.6405 5,133,899 39,486 40,127 80,721 260,253 4,713,312
- wfkl=;a 8.4145 4,313,154 760,877 338,215 360,205 2,327,611 526,246
uqΩ fmd<S ixfõ° foaYSh uQ,H j;alï 113,200,405 59,640,990 44,811,025 726,412 2,771,426 5,250,552
fmd<S ixfõ° fkdjk foaYSh uQ,H j;alï
rchg fok ,o ld,Sk w;a;sldrï 151,131,671 151,131,671 - - - -
wfkl=;a j;alï 1,717,370 1,717,370 - - - -
ysñlre m%d.aOk wfhdack - úls”ug we;s
41,095 - - - - 41,095
uqΩ fmd<S ixfõ° fkdjk foaYSh uQ,H
j;alï 152,890,136 152,849,041 - - - 41,095
uQΩ foaYSh uQ,H j;alï 266,090,541 212,490,031 44,811,025 726,412 2,771,426 5,291,647
fmd<S ixfõ° foaYSh uQ,H j.lSï
m%;sñ,° .ekqï .súiqï hgf;a úl=Kk ,o
iq/l=ïm;a 6.4233 23,650,000 23,650,000 - - - -
ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï 6.0000 81,815,000 81,815,000 - - - -
uqΩ fmd<S ixfõ° foaYSh uQ,H j.lSï 105,465,000 105,465,000 - - - -
fmd<S ixfõ° fkdjk foaYSh uQ,H j.lSï
nexl= iy uQ,H wdh;k úiska ;ekam;= 181,726,732 181,726,732 - - - -
rch iy rcfha wdh;k úiska ;ekam;= 428,142 428,142 - - - -
fiajl m%;s,dN ie,iqïj, fYaIhka 7,212 7,212 - - - -
ixirKfhys mj;sk uqo,a 491,699,948 491,699,948 - - - -
wksl=;a f.úh hq;= ≤ 6,850,998 6,850,998 - - - -
uqΩ fmd<S ixfõ° fkdjk foaYSh uQ,H
j.lSï 680,713,032 680,713,032 - - - -
uqΩ foaYSh uQ,H j.lSï 786,178,032 786,178,032 - - - -
foaYSh uqo,a fmd,S wkqmd; ixfõ†;d 7,735,405 (45,824,010) 44,811,025 726,412 2,771,426 5,250,552
wka;rh

II fldgi - 44 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

43'3 úfoaYSh uqo,a wj∞ku jr®.j,ska ±˙h hq;= m%;sY; m%udKhla kshu lr ;sfí'
uqo,a fjkals¯u ms<sn|j ;SrKh ls˙fï ° rdcH Kh wdmiq
nexl=fõ úfoaYSh ixÑ; l<ukdlrK ldr®hh hgf;a f.ùfï wjYH;djhka ie,ls,a,g .kq ,efí' tneúka
orkakd jQ úfoaYSh j;alï ;=<ska nexl=fjys úfoaY uqo,a nexl=j úiska m%Odk uqo,a jr®. fndfyduhla" tkï
lghq;= ksrEmKh fõ' úfoaY úksuh fjf<|fmdf<a wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmo fvd,r®" iagr®,sx mjqï" cmka
fjkiaùu fya;=fjka nexl=j" úksuh wjodkug újD; fhka" hqfrda" ´iafÜ%,shka fvd,r® yd kjiS,ka; fvd,r®
fõ' uqo,a uKav,h iy úfoaY ixÑ; l<ukdlrK u.ska orkq ,nhs' úfoaYSh uqo,a ;;a;ajh u; mkjd we;s
lñgqj úiska nexl=fõ cd;Hka;r ixÑ;fhys úúO uqo,a iSudjkag wkql+,ùu iqm¯laIKhg Ndckh fõ'

úfoaY uqo,a i`oyd Y=oaO wjodkï ksrdjrKh

2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg m%Odk uqo,aj,g YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ Y=oaO wj∞kï ksrdjrKh my; i|yka úh'
uqo,a jr®.h
wefu˙ld hqfrda cmka iagr®,sx ´iafÜ%,shdkq lefkaähdkQ kjiS,ka; wksl=;a ishΩu uqo,a
2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg tlai;a ú.eys jr®.j,
ckmo fvd,r® fhka mjqï fvd,r® fvd,r® fvd,r® uqo,a tl;=j
re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000

úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï

uqo,a yd uqo,a iudkhka 60,672,511 (52,620,544) (44,196,304) 92,331,449 - 134,790,117 (9,651,058) (5,876,338) 248,333,904 423,783,737
,dN$w,dN u;
idOdrK
jákdlug we;s 243,152,847 44,267,349 21,813,382 11,527,275 - 21,471,379 9,797,465 9,687,691 30,106,017 391,823,405
iq/l=ïm;a
yd wf,ú l< yels
iq/l=ïm;a
jHq;amkak uQ,H
WmlrK - - - - - - - - 198,880 198,880
cd'uQ'w' iïnkaO j;alï - - - - 117,008,340 - - - - 117,008,340
wksl=;a ,eìh hq;= ≤ 6,053,745 120,772 - - 532 - - - - 6,175,049
uqΩ úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï 309,879,103 (8,232,423) (22,382,922) 103,858,724 117,008,872 156,261,496 146,407 3,811,353 278,638,801 938,989,411
iudkqmd;h 33.00% -0.88% -2.38% 11.06% 12.46% 16.64% 0.02% 0.41% 29.67% 100%
úfoaYSh uQ,H nerlï
nexl= yd uQ,H wdh;k 45,566,531 10 - 139 - - 1 - - 45,566,681
jHq;amkak uQ,H
WmlrK 11 - - - - - - - 14,573,664 14,573,675
wdishdkq ksYaldIK
ix.uh 79,863,615 - - - - - - - - 79,863,615
cd'uQ'w' - - - - 269,540,596 - - - - 269,540,596
wfkl=;a 95,804,614 - - - - - - - 445,418 96,250,032
uqΩ úfoaYSh uQ,H
nerlï 221,234,771 10 - 139 269,540,596 - 1 - 15,019,082 505,794,599
iudkqmd;h 43.74% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 53.29% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.97% 100%
Y=oaO úfoaYSh uqo,a
ksrdjrKh 88,644,332 (8,232,433) (22,382,922) 103,858,585 (152,531,724) 156,261,496 146,406 3,811,353 263,619,719 433,194,812

j;auka uQ,H jr®Ihg w∞, fjf<| †khka iys; yd ;lafiare †khka ó,Û uq,H jr®Ihg w∞,j is≥ùug kshñ; úfoaY
úksuh .Kqfokq uqo,a yd uqo,a iudkhka ;=< wvx.= fõ' tu .Kqfokq my; m˙† fõ'
YS% ,xld tlai;a hQfrda iagr®,sx cmka fhka ´iafÜ%,shdkq iaúvk
remsh,a ckmo mjqï fvd,r® fl%dakh
fvd,r®
2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
ñ,° .ekqï 399,872,823 (15,716,215) (985) (62,622) (4,876) (6,352,618) -
úl=Kqï (26,858,576) (377,765,524) 5,375,438 19,321,868 4,876 30,444 (960)
b†˙fhys jQ yqjudre m%;s.sKqu - wdikaku .kqfokqj (1,667) - - - - - -
b†˙ m%;s .sKqu 2,158,595 - - - - - -

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 45

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

2015 foieïnr® 31 †kg m%Odk uqo,aj,g YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ Y=oaO wj∞kï ksrdjrKh my; i|yka úh'
uqo,a jr®.h
wefu˙ld hqfrda cmka iagr®,sx ´iafÜ%,shdkq lefkaähdkQ kjiS,ka; wksl=;a ishΩu uqo,a
2015 foieïnr® 31 †kg tlai;a ú.eys jr®.j,
ckmo fvd,r® fhka mjqï fvd,r® fvd,r® fvd,r® uqo,a tl;=ú
re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï
uqo,a yd uqo,a iudkhka 176,922,656 (43,264,954) (14,336,028) 88,586,921 - 126,101,239 (10,249,157) (5,866,491) 239,580,499 557,474,685
,dN$w,dN u;
idOdrK
jákdlug we;s 203,115,851 52,346,338 19,947,895 23,753,864 - 28,241,778 10,036,752 8,790,359 41,601,310 387,834,147
iq/l=ïm;a
yd wf,ú l< yels
iq/l=ïm;a
jHq;amkak uQ,H
WmlrK 1,886 - 148 - - - - - 2,111 4,145
cd'uQ'w' iïnkaO j;alï - - - - 83,636,350 - - - - 83,636,350
wksl=;a ,eìh hq;= ≤ 2,374 2,357 - - 344 - - - - 5,075
uqΩ úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï 380,042,767 9,083,741 5,612,015 112,340,785 83,636,694 154,343,017 (212,405) 2,923,868 281,183,920 1,028,954,402
iudkqmd;h 36.93% 0.88% 0.55% 10.92% 8.13% 15.00% -0.02% 0.28% 27.33% 100%
úfoaYSh uQ,H nerlï
nexl= yd uQ,H wdh;k 12,046,056 376 - 1,766 - 43 - - - 12,048,241
jHq;amkak uQ,H
WmlrK 249 - - - - - - - 24,280,059 24,280,308
wdishdkq ksYaldIK
ix.uh 68,613,251 274,208 - - - - - - - 68,887,459
cd'uQ'w' - - - - 251,644,344 - - - - 251,644,344
wfkl=;a 209,792,285 7,483,464 - - - - - - 648,393 217,924,142
uqΩ úfoaYSh uQ,H
nerlï 290,451,841 7,758,048 - 1,766 251,644,344 43 - - 24,928,452 574,784,494
iudkqmd;h 50.53% 1.35% 0.00% 0.00% 43.78% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4.27% 100%
Y=oaO úfoaYSh uqo,a
ksrdjrKh 89,590,926 1,325,693 5,612,015 112,339,019 (168,007,650) 154,342,974 (212,405) 2,923,868 256,255,469 454,169,908

j;auka uQ,H jr®Ihg w∞, fjf<| †khka iys; yd ;lafiare †khka ó,Û uq,H jr®Ihg w∞,j is≥ùug kshñ; úfoaY
úksuh .Kqfokq uqo,a yd uqo,a iudkhka ;=< wvx.= fõ' tu .Kqfokq my; m˙† fõ'

Y%S ,xld remsh,a wefu˙ld tlai;a hqfrda iagr®,sx cmka ´iafÜ%,shdkq

ckmo fvd,r® mjqï fhka fvd,r®
2015 foieïnr® 31 †kg re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
ñ,° .ekqï 364,801,652 17,874,539 (985) (62,622) 67,254 (6,352,618)
úl=Kqï (60,385,247) (351,208,306) 5,375,438 19,321,868 (67,106) 30,444
b†˙fhys jQ yqjudre m%;s.sKqu - wdikaku .kqfokqj 7,732 - - - - -
b†˙ m%;s .sKqu 10,597,957 - - - - -
-

43'4 uQ,H j;alï yd j.lSï ys jÜgï fkdl< uqo,a m%jdyj, .súiqï.; l,a ms¯ï
2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg uQ,H j;alï yd j.lSïys jÜgï fkdl< uqo,a m%jdyj, .súiqï.; l,ams¯ï my; m˙† fõ'
yh uila wvq udi 6 isg 12 olajd jr®I 1 isg 2 olajd jr®I 2 isg 5 olajd jr®I 5 g jeä tl;=j
re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï
uqo,a yd uqo,a iudkhka 423,783,737 - - - - 423,783,737
,dN$w,dN u; idOdrK jákdlug we;s iq/l=ïm;a 18,588,564 5,033,982 12,151,636 8,087,248 - 43,861,430
wf,ú l< yels iq/l=ïm;a 54,001,291 39,271,443 104,459,788 120,422,348 38,708,398 356,863,268
cd'uQ'w' iïnkaO j;alï 9,940,219 - - 145,906 106,922,214 117,008,339
wksl=;a ,eìh hq;= ≤ 6,175,049 - - - - 6,175,049
uqΩ jÜgï fkdl< úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï 512,488,860 44,305,425 116,611,424 128,655,502 145,630,612 947,691,823
foaYSh uqo,a uQ,H j;alï
YS% ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a 267,791,962 94,425,980 - - - 362,217,942

II fldgi - 46 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

rchg fok ,o ld,Sk w;a;sldrï 83,306,771 - - - - 83,306,771

nexl= i`oyd fok ,o Kh 194,137 114,307 132,090 64,456 8,108 513,098
uQ,H yd wfkl=;a wdh;khkays ysñlre m%d.aOk wdfhdack - - - - 41,095 41,095
wfkl=;a j;alï 16,201,304 645,307 1,684,900 4,588,533 6,697,731 29,817,775
uqΩ jÜgï fkdl< foaYSh uQ,H j;alï 367,494,174 95,185,594 1,816,990 4,652,989 6,746,934 475,896,681
uqΩ jÜgï fkdl< uQ,H j;alï 879,983,034 139,491,019 118,428,414 133,308,491 152,377,546 1,423,588,504
úfoaYSh uQ,H j.lSï
nexl= iy uQ,H wdh;k 44,456,357 418,671 793,905 2,337,833 3,461,514 51,468,280
wdishdkq ksYaldYk ix.uh 79,863,615 - - - - 79,863,615
cd'uQ'w' 27,750,312 6,937,578 - 10,060,159 224,792,547 269,540,596
wfkl=;a 95,125,637 - - - 1,124,395 96,250,032
uqΩ jÜgï fkdl< úfoaYSh uQ,H j.lSï 247,195,921 7,356,249 793,905 12,397,992 229,378,456 497,122,523
foaYSh uqo,a uQ,H j.lSï
nexl= yd uQ,H wdh;k úiska ;ekam;= 303,251,290 - - - - 303,251,290
rcfha yd rcfha wdh;k úiska ;ekam;= 450,884 - - - - 450,884
m%;sñ,° .ekSfï tl`.;djh u; wf,ú l<
iq/l=ïm;a 70,081,240 - - - - 70,081,240
fiajl m%;s,dN ie,iqïj, fYaIhka 51,744 - - - - 51,744
ixirKfhys mj;akd uqo,a 552,777,865 - - - - 552,777,865
wfkl=;a f.úh hq;= ≤ 8,563,548 - - - - 8,563,548
uqΩ jÜgï fkdl< foaYSh uQ,H j.lSï 935,176,571 - - - - 935,176,571
uqΩ jÜgï fkdl< uQ,H j.lSï 1,182,372,492 7,356,249 793,905 12,397,992 229,378,456 1,432,299,094
Y=oaO jÜgï fkdl< uQ,H j;alï $ ^j.lSï& (302,389,458) 132,134,770 117,634,509 120,910,499 (77,000,910) (8,710,590)

yh uila udi 6 isg 12 úfoaYSh uqo,a m˙jr®;kh

wvq olajd
re' 000 re' 000
úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï yd j.lSïj,g iïnkaO ishÆu
2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg wkd.; uQ,H m%jdy jdr®;d.; lrk uqo,a tAllhg
jHq;amkak uQ,H j;alï 279,092,132 93,922,515 m˙jr®;kh lr we;af;a jdr®;dlrK †khg w∞< úksuh
jHq;amkak uQ,H j.lSï 279,934,575 92,340,465 wkqmd;slhghs'

2015 foieïnr® 31 †kg uQ,H j;alï yd j.lSï ys jÜgï fkdl< uqo,a m%jdyj, .súiqï.; l,a ms¯ï my; m˙† fõ'
udi 6 isg 12
yh uila wvq jr®I 1 isg 2 olajd jr®I 2 isg 5 olajd jr®I 5 g jeä tl;=j
olajd
re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
2015 foieïnr® 31 †kg
úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï
uqo,a yd uqo,a iudkhka 557,474,685 - - - - 557,474,685
,dN$w,dN u; idOdrK jákdlug we;s iq/l=ïm;a 43,171,272 - - - - 43,171,272
wf,ú l< yels iq/l=ïm;a 29,321,065 52,530,133 56,153,333 145,590,515 85,886,120 369,481,166
cd'uQ'w' iïnkaO j;alï 10,523,672 - - 138,622 72,974,056 83,636,350
wksl=;a ,eìh hq;= ≤ 5,075 - - - - 5,075
uqΩ jÜgï fkdl< úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï 640,495,769 52,530,133 56,153,333 145,729,137 158,860,176 1,053,768,548
foaYSh uqo,a uQ,H j;alï
YS% ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a 104,889,169 - - - - 104,889,169
rchg fok ,o ld,Sk w;a;sldrï 151,131,671 - - - - 151,131,671
nexl= i`oyd fok ,o Kh 237,733 207,777 304,647 194,165 11,852 956,174
uQ,H yd wfkl=;a wdh;khkays ysñlre m%d.aOk wdfhdack - - - - 41,095 41,095
wfkl=;a j;alï 2,675,835 524,731 709,055 3,125,543 5,270,055 12,305,219
uqΩ jÜgï fkdl< foaYSh uQ,H j;alï 258,934,408 732,508 1,013,702 3,319,708 5,323,002 269,323,328
uqΩ jÜgï fkdl< uQ,H j;alï 899,430,177 53,262,641 57,167,035 149,048,845 164,183,178 1,323,091,876

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 47

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

úfoaYSh uQ,H j.lSï

nexl= iy uQ,H wdh;k 13,012,853 294,833 186,752 121,023 413,161 14,028,622
wdishdkq ksYaldYk ix.uh 68,887,459 - - - - 68,887,459
cd'uQ'w' 44,702,372 20,631,864 34,386,440 - 151,923,668 251,644,344
wfkl=;a 216,799,748 - - - 1,124,394 217,924,142
uqΩ jÜgï fkdl< úfoaYSh uQ,H j.lSï 343,402,432 20,926,697 34,573,192 121,023 153,461,223 552,484,567
foaYSh uqo,a uQ,H j.lSï
nexl= yd uQ,H wdh;k úiska ;ekam;= 181,726,732 - - - - 181,726,732
rcfha yd rcfha wdh;k úiska ;ekam;= 428,142 - - - - 428,142

m%;sñ,° .ekSfï tl`.;djh u; wf,ú l< iq/l=ïm;a 105,607,860 - - - - 105,607,860

fiajl m%;s,dN ie,iqïj, fYaIhka 7,212 - - - - 7,212
ixirKfha mj;akd uqo,a 491,699,948 - - - - 491,699,948
wfkl=;a f.úh hq;= ≤ 6,910,166 - - - - 6,910,166
uqΩ jÜgï fkdl< foaYSh uQ,H j.lSï 786,380,060 - - - - 786,380,060
uqΩ jÜgï fkdl< uQ,H j.lSï 1,129,782,492 20,926,697 34,573,192 121,023 153,461,223 1,338,864,627
Y=oaO jÜgï fkdl< uQ,H j;alï$^j.lSï& (230,352,315) 32,335,944 22,593,843 148,927,822 10,721,955 (15,772,751)

yh uila udi 6 isg 12
wvq olajd
re' 000 re' 000
2015 foieïnr® 31 †kg
jHq;amkak uQ,H j;alï 181,916,705 122,504,814
jHq;amkak uQ,H j.lSï 189,611,926 122,520,743
43'5 øjYS,;d wjodku
uQ,H ,shú,s wdY%s; ne°ï imqrd,Sug wjYHjk wruqo,a flá
oekqï°ul ° imhd .ekSfï ° tallhla úiska uqyqKmdkq
,nk ≥Ialr;d øjYS,;d wj∞ku fõ' tAllhlg ;u
uQ,H j;alï blauKska" idOdrK w.hg jvd b;d wvq
ñ,lg úls”ug is≥ùu o øjYS,;d wj∞kuls'
^w& nexl=fõ úfoaYSh uqo,a j;alï ixhq;sh ksYaph ls¯fï°
o m%Odk jYfhka ie,ls,su;a jkafka øjYS,;djh
iïnkaOfhks' wjYH wjia:djkays ° ue†y;aùfï
ldr®hhka o rdcH Kh iy cd'uQ'w' Kh wdmiq f.ùu
jeks jQ ne£ï fíreï ls¯u i|yd o úfoaYSh ixÑ;
wEjr ls¯fï úNj wjYH;djh fuhska .uH fõ'
wruqo,aj,g blau◊ka m%fõYùu ;yjqre lr .ekSu
i|yd nexl=j my; i|yka ñkqï fhd∞ .kS'
l r|jdf.k we;s iq/l=ïm;aj, øjYS,;d ,CIKhka
mokï l< øjYS,;d j;alï wkqmd;'
l tla tla uqo,a jr®.fhka iy tla tla m%;smdr®Yajh
iu. r|jd .; yels ixÑ;j, Wm˙u ixl,kh jk
iSudjka'
^wd& úfYaIfhka u újg fjf<| lghq;= jeks foaYSh
uQ,H tallhka Ndú;d lrñka lrk lghq;=j, °
jk øjYS,;d wjodku wvq ls¯u i|yd b;d øjYS,S
fjf<|fmd< WmlrK jk NdKavd.dr ì,am;a
yd ne∫ïlr iq/l=ula f,i Ndú;d lr we;' ta
uÛska nexl= moaO;sfha ffoksl øjYS,;d ;;a;ajh
l<uKdlrKh ls¯u i|yd" wruqo,a fhoùu yd
md,kh ls¯ug NdKavd.dr ì,am;a yd uynexl= iq/
l=ïm;a m%;sñ,° .ekSï$úls”ï yd wfu˙ldkq tlai;a
ckmo fvd,r® u; YS% ,xld remsh,a yqjudrelrKh
fhd∞f.k we;'

44' j;alï yd nerlïys m˙K; úYaf,aIKh

2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg udi 12g wvq udi 12g jeä tl;=j
j;alï re'000 re'000 re'000
uqo,a yd uqo,a iudkhka 423,783,737 - 423,783,737
,dN$w,dN u; idOdrK jákdlug we;s iq/l=ïm;a 9,948,121 33,330,634 43,278,755
wf,ú l, yels iq/l=ïm;a 88,536,415 260,008,235 348,544,650
jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK 198,880 - 198,880
cd'uQ'w' iïnkaO j;alï 9,940,219 107,068,121 117,008,340
wfkl=;a ,eìh hq;= ≤ - úfoaYSh 6,175,049 - 6,175,049
Y%S ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a 351,426,470 - 351,426,470
rchg fokq ,enQ ld,Sk w;a;sldrï 83,306,771 - 83,306,771
nexl=j,g fokq ,enQ Kh 289,487 194,556 484,043
wfkl=;a j;alï 2,781,887 9,540,709 12,322,596
uQ,H yd wfkl=;a wdh;khkays ysñlre m%d.aOk wdfhdack - 41,095 41,095
rka - 111,009,339 111,009,339

II fldgi - 48 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

f;d.h - 6,114,861 6,114,861

wfkl=;a ,eìh hq;= ≤ yd l,ska f.ùï 6,830,387 396,414 7,226,801
foam< ms˙h; iy WmlrK - 18,132,390 18,132,390
wiamDYH j;alï - 156,320 156,320
uqΩ j;alï 983,217,423 545,992,674 1,529,210,097

nerlï
nexl= yd uQ,H wdh;k 45,566,681 - 45,566,681
jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK 14,573,675 - 14,573,675
wdishdkq ksYaldIK ix.uh 79,863,615 - 79,863,615
cd'uQ'w' 34,687,890 234,852,706 269,540,596
wksl=;a 95,125,637 1,124,395 96,250,032
nexl= yd uQ,H wdh;k úiska ;ekam;= 303,251,290 - 303,251,290
rch iy rcfha wdh;k úiska ;ekam;= 450,884 - 450,884
m%;sñ,° .ekSfï tl`.;djh u; wf,ú l, iq/l=ïm;a 70,054,436 - 70,054,436
fiajl m%;s,dN ie,iqïj, fYaIhka 51,744 - 51,744
ixirKfhys mj;akd uqo,a 552,777,865 - 552,777,865
wfkl=;a f.úh hq;= ≤ 8,563,548 - 8,563,548
ú,ïNS; m%odk 34 46 80
úY%du jegqma yd wfkl=;a mYapd;a /lshd m%;s,dN ie,iqï - 2,429,153 2,429,153
úúO nerlï iy WmÑ;hka 182,544 10,753 193,297
uqΩ nerlï 1,205,149,843 238,417,053 1,443,566,896
Y=oaO j;alï$^nerlï& w.h (221,932,420) 307,575,621 85,643,201

2015 foieïnr® 31 †kg udi 12g wvq udi 12g jeä tl;=j
j;alï re'000 re'000 re'000
uqo,a yd uqo,a iudkhka 557,474,685 - 557,474,685
,dN$w,dN u; idOdrK jákdlug we;s iq/l=ïm;a 35,779,665 - 35,779,665
wf,ú l, yels iq/l=ïm;a 77,913,482 274,141,000 352,054,482
jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK 2,259 1,886 4,145
cd'uQ'w' iïnkaO j;alï 10,523,672 73,112,678 83,636,350
wfkl=;a ,eìh hq;= ≤ - úfoaYSh 5,075 - 5,075
Y%S ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a 102,866,967 - 102,866,967
rchg fokq ,enQ ld,Sk w;a;sldrï 151,131,671 - 151,131,671
nexl=j,g fokq ,enQ Kh 406,315 480,042 886,357
wfkl=;a j;alï 2,896,103 8,268,349 11,164,452
uQ,H yd wfkl=;a wdh;khkays ysñlre m%d.aOk wdfhdack - 41,095 41,095
rka 97,723,836 - 97,723,836
f;d.h - 3,419,964 3,419,964
wfkl=;a ,eìh hq;= ≤ yd l,ska f.ùï 9,487,315 4,860,496 14,347,811
foam< ms˙h; iy WmlrK - 15,422,315 15,422,315
wiamDYH j;alï - 240,610 240,610
uqΩ j;alï 1,046,211,045 379,988,435 1,426,199,480
nerlï
nexl= yd uQ,H wdh;k 12,048,241 - 12,048,241
jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK 16,177,870 8,102,438 24,280,308
wdishdkq ksYaldIK ix.uh 68,887,459 - 68,887,459
cd'uQ'w' 65,334,235 186,310,109 251,644,344
wksl=;a 217,924,142 - 217,924,142
nexl= yd uQ,H wdh;k úiska ;ekam;= 181,726,732 - 181,726,732
rch iy rcfha wdh;k úiska ;ekam;= 428,142 - 428,142
m%;sñ,° .ekSfï tl`.;djh u; wf,ú l, iq/l=ïm;a 105,465,000 - 105,465,000
fiajl m%;s,dN ie,iqïj, fYaIhka 7,212 - 7,212
ixirKfhys mj;akd uqo,a 491,699,948 - 491,699,948
wfkl=;a f.úh hq;= ≤ 6,850,998 - 6,850,998
ú,ïNS; m%odk 34 72 106
úY%du jegqma yd wfkl=;a mYapd;a /lshd m%;s,dN ie,iqï - 10,942,541 10,942,541
úúO nerlï iy WmÑ;hka 175,377 23,948 199,325
uqΩ nerlï 1,166,725,390 205,379,108 1,372,104,498
Y=oaO j;alï$^nerlï& w.h (120,514,345) 174,609,327 54,094,982

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 49

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
45' úY%du jegqma iy wksl=;a mYapd;a fiajd m%;s,dN ie,iqï
ishΩu iq≥iqlï,;a fiajlhska wdjrKhjk ksYaÑ;
m%;s,dN ie,iqï yhla nexl=j úiska fufyhjkq ,efí'
fiajl úY%du jegqma fhdackd l%uh ^merKs& hgf;a"
1998 ckjd˙ 01 †kg fmr nexl=jg ne∫kq fiajlhska"
jr®I 10 l fiajd ld,hla ksu ls¯fuka wk;=rej thg
iq≥iqlï ,n;s' 1998 ckjd˙ 01 †kg miq nexl= fiajhg
tlaù jir 10 l fiajd ld,h iïmQr®K l, fiajlhka
kj úY%du jegqma fhdackd l%uh i|yd iq≥iqlï
,nhs' fiajl úY%du jegqma fhdackd l%uh ∞hl uqo,a
fkdf.jk úY%du jegqma fhdackd l%uhla jk w;r" tys
m%;s,dN ms˙jeh iïmqr®Kfhkau nexl=j úiska orkq ,efí'
ms˙ñ fiajlhka i|yd jQ jekaoUq iy wk;aore úY%du jegqma
fhdackd l%uh" ldka;d fiaúldjka i|yd jq jekaoUq mqreI
iy wk;aore úY%du jegqma l%uh" 1998 ckjd˙ 01 †kg
fmr nexl=fõ fiajhg ne∫kq fiajlhskag újD;h' fuu
ie,iqïj,g 1994'08'01 †kg fmr n|jd .;a fiajlhska
udisl uQ,sl jegqfmka 5] l m%udKhlska ∞hl jk w;r"
1994'08'01 †k fyda Bg miq n|jd.;a fiajlhska udisl
uQ,sl jegqfmka 10] lska ∞hl fjhs'
wjqre≥ 5 l fiajd ld,hla iïmqr®K l< fiajl jegqma
úY%du l%uh hgf;a úY%du jegqmlg ysñlï fkd,nk
fiajlhka i|yd md˙f;daIsl m%;s,dN o nexl=j úiska
i,ikq ,efí' fuu nerlu mshùu i|yd wdhq.Kk w.h
ls¯ug wkql+,j .Kkh l< nerlug iudk m%;smdokhla
uQ,H ;;a;ajh ms<sn| m%ldYfha b†˙hg f.khkq ,efí'
fiajl úY%du fiajl úY%du
2016
jegqma jegqma fhdackd
m%;s,dN nerlu$^j;alu&
fhdackd l%uh l%uh - kj
re' 000 re' 000
m%;s,dN ne£ïj, jr®;udk jákdlu 27,484,329 609,976
ie,iqï j;alïj, idOdrK jákdlu (25,408,311) (2,444,748)
m%jr®;k fkdjk m%;s,dN nerlï$^j;alï& 2,076,018 (1,834,772)
jekaoUq yd wk;aore úY%du jegqma
uQ,H ;;aj m%ldYfha úY%du fiajl yd wfkl=;a fiajl mYapd;a
m%;s,dN ie,iqï hgf;a olajd we;s nerlï fYaIh iajdëk
wdhq.Kkh lrkakd úiska fokq ,enQ Y=oaO nerlï
fYaIfhka fjkia ùug my; fya;= n,md we;'
^w& jekaoUq yd wk;aore úY%du jegqma" jekaoUq mqreI yd
wk;aore úY%du jegqma fhdackd l%u hgf;a wdhq.
Kkh lrkakd úiska fok ,o Y=oaO j;alï m%udKh
.sKqï.; fldg ke;af;a" tlS wruqo,a j, b;s˙
jkakd jQ hï fYaIhla fjf;d;a th nexl=jg ,nd
.ekSug we;s iïNdú;dj b;d wvq neúks'
^wd& md˙f;daIsl úY%du jegqma fhdackd l%uh yd ffjoH
m%;s,dN fhdackd l%uh hgf;a .sKqï .; fldg
we;af;a" wdhq.Kkh lrkakdg wkqj we;s Y=oaO
II fldgi - 50
II fldgi
mYapd;a ffjoH m%;s,dN fhdackd l%uh hgf;a úY%du,;a
nexl= fiajlhka yg ;ud yd ;u ld,;%hka iy
jekaoUqjka$jekaoUq mqreIhka úiska ork ,o we;eï
ffjoH úhoï m%;smQr®Kh lr.; yel'
fiajl úY%du jegqma fhdackd l%uh" jekaoUq iy wk;aore
úY%du jegqma fhdackd l%uh" jekaoUq mqreI iy wk;aore
úY%du jegqma fhdackd l%uh" md˙f;daIsl úY%du jegqma
fhdackd l%uh" ffjoH m%;s,dN hk fhdackd l%uj,
jr®Ih ;=< ksYaÑ; m%;s,dN ne£ï yd m%jr®:k fiajd
ms˙jeh kej; ;lafiare ls¯u i|yd iajdëk WmfoaYlhl=
yd wdhq.Klfhl= jk fla' tA' mKaä;a ^uqïndhs& uy;df.a
fiajh ,ndf.k we;'
fiajl úY%du jegqma fhdackd l%uh" jekaoUq yd wk;aore
úY%u jegqma fhdackd l%uh" jekaoUq mqreI iy wk;aore úY%du
jegqma fhdackd l%uhkays wruqo,a fjkaj l<ukdlrKh
lrk w;r" fjka jQ fmd;a mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nhs' flfia
fyda md˙f;daIsl úY%du jegqma fhdackd l%uh iy ffjoH
m%;s,dN hk fhdackd l%u nexl=fõ .sKqï fmd;aj,ska
fjkaj mj;ajdf.k hkq fkd,efí' ;j≥rg;a" wdfhdack
yd wdfhdack wd∞hï" nexl= fmd;aj, fuu wruqo,aj,g
m˙ndysrj jdr®;d lrkq ,efí' ;jo" wdfhdack wd∞hï
kej; fuu wruqo,aj,g udre lrk w;r fn∞ye¯ulska
f;drj kej; wdfhdackh lrkq ,efí'
uqΩ ie,iqï j;alï ys idOdrK w.h re'ñ' 36"145'06
^2015 - re'ñ' 36"912'71& jk w;r th m%;s,dN nerlfuys
jr®;udk w.h jk re'ñ' 36"065'09 ^2015 - re'ñ' 45"682'71&
blaujd re'ñ' 79'97 ^2015 - ys`.h re'ñ' 8"770'00& l
w;ss˙la;hla wjidkfha ° jdr®;d fõ'
jekaoUq yd jekaoUq mqreI md˙f;daIsl ffjoH
wk;aore yd wk;aore úY%du jegqma m%;s,dN tl;=j
úY%du jegqma úY%du jegqma fhdackd l%uh fhdackd l%uh 2016
fhdackd l%uh fhdackd l%uh
re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
4,957,084 825,792 131,774 2,056,133 36,065,088
(5,144,789) (1,828,245) (152,419) (1,166,543) (36,145,055)
(187,705) (1,002,453) (20,645) 889,590 (79,967)
nerlï m%udKh fkdj o< nerlï m%udKh jk
w;r thg fya;= jkafka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska
tlS fhdackd l%uj,g w∞, j;alï wNHka;rj
l<uKdlrKh jk iajdëk wruqo,la hgf;a
mj;ajd fkd.ekSuhs'
fiajl úY%du jegqma" jekaoUq yd wk;aore úY%du jegqma"
jekaoUq mqreI yd wk;aore úY%du jegqma" md˙f;dIsl úY%du
jegqma yd ffjoH m%;s,dN fhdackd l%uh hk wruqo,a ys re'ñ'
445'53 l w.hlska hq;= iqrel=ï rys; wdfhdack we;=,;a jk
w;r ta fjkqfjka 100] fjka ls¯ï lr we;s fyhska ie,iqï
j;alï ;=< we;=,;a lr fkdue;' tjeks wdfhdackhkays
w.hka fkdue;sj mjd" wdhq.Kk we.hSug wkqj fiajl
úY%du jegqma nerlfuys Y=oaO j;alï ;;a;ajhla nexl=j
i;= fõ'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

jekaoUq yd jekaoUq mqreI md˙f;daIsl

fiajl úY%du fiajl úY%du ffjoH m%;s,dN
wk;aore yd wk;aore úY%du jegqma tl;=j
m%;s,dN nerlu$^j;alu& fjkia ùu jegqma jegqma fhdackd fhdackd l%uh
úY%du jegqma úY%du jegqma fhdackd l%uh 2016
fhdackd l%uh l%uh - kj
fhdackd l%uh fhdackd l%uh
re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
2016 ckjd˙ 01 †kg 9,055,520 (1,245,041) 819,399 (612,924) (33,574) 786,620 8,770,000
m%;s,dN úhoï 1,232,222 (72,429) 81,940 (61,292) 24,042 112,275 1,316,758
wfkl=;a úia;SrK wd∞hï ys y`≥kd.;a
fldgi (7,765,143) (345,098) (1,055,189) (316,344) (11,113) 7,038 (9,485,849)
∞hl f.ùï (446,581) (172,204) (33,855) (11,893) - (16,343) (680,876)
2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg - m%jr®;k fkdjk 2,076,018 (1,834,772) (187,705) (1,002,453) (20,645) 889,590 (79,967)

jekaoUq yd jekaoUq mqreI md˙f;daIsl

fiajl úY%du fiajl úY%du ffjoH m%;s,dN
wk;aore yd wk;aore úY%du jegqma tl;=j
m%;s,dN úhoï jegqma jegqma fhdackd fhdackd l%uh
úY%du jegqma úY%du jegqma fhdackd l%uh 2016
fhdackd l%uh l%uh - kj
fhdackd l%uh fhdackd l%uh
re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
m%;s,dN ne£ï u; fmd<S ms˙jeh 905,552 (124,504) 81,940 (61,292) (3,358) 78,662 877,000
w;S; fiajd ms˙jeh 326,670 52,075 - - 27,400 33,613 439,758
m%;s,dN úhoï 1,232,222 (72,429) 81,940 (61,292) 24,042 112,275 1,316,758

ie,iqï j;alïj, i;H m%;s,dNh 877,139 12,576 268,269 89,924 (6,438) (37,029) 1,204,441
ie,iqï j;alïj, i;H m%;s,dNh
idudkH fYaIfha m%;sY;hla f,i 3.40% 0.53% 5.17% 5.03% -3.89% -2.91% 3.30%
f.jQ m%;s,dNh blaujd bmehQ w;s˙la;
fmd,sh (1,158,329) 12,576 (114,825) 69,041 (25,769) (231,229) (1,448,535)

jekaoUq yd jekaoUq mqreI md˙f;daIsl

fiajl úY%du fiajl úY%du ffjoH m%;s,dN
ie,iqï j;alïj, idOdrK wk;aore yd wk;aore úY%du jegqma tl;=j
jegqma jegqma fhdackd fhdackd l%uh
w.fhys fjkiaùu úY%du jegqma úY%du jegqma fhdackd l%uh 2016
fhdackd l%uh l%uh - kj
fhdackd l%uh fhdackd l%uh
re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
jr®I wdrïNfha ° ie,iqï j;alïj,
idOdrK w.h 26,120,059 2,259,968 5,225,759 1,747,311 178,188 1,381,429 36,912,714
ie,iqï j;alïj, i;H m%;s,dNh 877,139 12,576 268,269 89,924 (6,438) (37,029) 1,204,441
∞hl ,eîï 446,581 172,204 33,855 11,893 - 16,343 680,876
m%;s,dN f.ùï (2,035,468) - (383,094) (20,883) (19,331) (194,200) (2,652,976)
jr®I wjidkfha ° ie,iqï j;alïj, 25,408,311 2,444,748 5,144,789 1,828,245 152,419 1,166,543 36,145,055
idOdrK w.h

jekaoUq yd jekaoUq mqreI

fiajl úY%du fiajl úY%du md˙f;daIsl ffjoH
2015 wk;aore iy wk;aore tl;=j
jegqma jegqma fhdackd úY%du jegqma m%;s,dN
m%;s,dN nerlu$^j;alu& úY%du jegqma úY%du jegqma 2015
fhdackd l%uh l%uh - kj fhdackd l%uh fhdackd l%uh
fhdackd l%uh fhdackd l%uh
re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
m%;s,dN ne£ïj, jr®;udk jákdlï 35,175,579 1,014,927 6,045,158 1,134,387 144,614 2,168,049 45,682,714
ie,iqï j;alïj, idOdrK jákdlu (26,120,059) (2,259,968) (5,225,759) (1,747,311) (178,188) (1,381,429) (36,912,714)
m%jr®;k fkdjk m%;s,dN nerlu 9,055,520 (1,245,041) 819,399 (612,924) (33,574) 786,620 8,770,000

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 51

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

fiajl úY%du jekaoUq yd jekaoUq mqreI

fiajl úY%du md˙f;daIsl ffjoH
jegqma wk;aore iy wk;aore tl;=j
m%;s,dN nerlïj,$^j;alu& fjkia ùu' jegqma úY%du jegqma m%;s,dN
fhdackd l%uh úY%du jegqma úY%du jegqma 2015
fhdackd l%uh fhdackd l%uh fhdackd l%uh
- kj fhdackd l%uh fhdackd l%uh

re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000

2015 ckjd˙ 01 †kg 4,609,763 - (874,652) (869,130) 97,453 635,601 3,599,035

m%;s,dN úhoï 852,981 1,014,927 (87,465) (86,913) (200,806) 115,379 1,608,103

wfkl=;a úia;SrK wd∞hï;=, y`≥kd.;a 4,922,631 (103,601) 1,815,056 356,027 105,625 161,340 7,257,078
fldgi
∞hl f.ùï (1,329,855) (2,156,367) (33,540) (12,908) (35,846) (125,700) (3,694,216)

2015 foieïnr® 31 †kg - m%jr®;k

9,055,520 (1,245,041) 819,399 (612,924) (33,574) 786,620 8,770,000
fkdjk

fiajl úY%du jekaoUq yd jekaoUq mqreI

fiajl úY%du md˙f;daIsl ffjoH
jegqma wk;aore iy wk;aore tl;=j
m%;s,dN úhoï jegqma úY%du jegqma m%;s,dN
fhdackd l%uh úY%du jegqma úY%du jegqma 2015
fhdackd l%uh fhdackd l%uh fhdackd l%uh
- kj fhdackd l%uh fhdackd l%uh

re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000

m%;s,dN ne£ï u; fmd<S ms˙jeh 460,977 - (87,465) (86,913) 9,746 63,561 359,906

m%jr®;k fiajd ms˙jeh 392,004 - - - 28,390 51,818 472,212

w;S; fiajd ms˙jeh - 1,014,927 - - - - 1,014,927

Æyq`vq ls¯ï' - - - - (238,942) - (238,942)

m%;s,dN úhoï
852,981 1,014,927 (87,465) (86,913) (200,806) 115,379 1,608,103

ie,iqï j;alïj, i;H m%;s,dNh 2,116,753 103,601 431,654 156,161 18,660 125,149 2,951,978

ie,iqï j;alïj, i;H m%;s,dNh 8.40% 8.40% 8.40% 9.35% 12.00% 9.44% 8.53%
idudkH fYaIfha m%;sY;hla f,i
f.jQ m%;s,dNh blaujd bmehQ w;s˙la;
516,650 516,650 137,995 140,097 9,609 (13,165) 894,787
fmd<sh

fiajl úY%du jekaoUq yd jekaoUq mqreI

fiajl úY%du md˙f;daIsl ffjoH
ie,iqï j;alïj, idOdrK w.fhys jegqma wk;aore iy wk;aore tl;=j
jegqma úY%du jegqma m%;s,dN
fjkiaùu fhdackd l%uh úY%du jegqma úY%du jegqma 2015
fhdackd l%uh fhdackd l%uh fhdackd l%uh
- kj fhdackd l%uh fhdackd l%uh

re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000

jr®I wdrïNfha ° ie,iqï j;alïj, 24,273,554 - 5,054,224 1,594,306 132,733 1,268,894 32,323,711
idOdrK w.h

ie,iqï j;alïj, i;H m%;s,dNh 2,116,573 103,601 431,654 156,161 18,660 125,149 2,951,798

∞hl ,eîï 1,329,855 2,156,367 33,540 12,908 35,846 125,700 3,694,216

m%;s,dN f.ùï (1,599,923) - (293,659) (16,064) (9,051) (138,314) (2,057,011)

jr®I wjidkfha ie,iqï j;alïj, 26,120,059 2,259,968 5,225,759 1,747,311 178,188 1,381,429 36,912,714
idOdrK w.h

II fldgi - 52 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

ishΩu fiajl m%;s,dN ne£ï ksYaph ls¯fï ° fhd∞.kakd ,o m%Odk Wml,amkhka my; oelafõ'
2016 2015
jÜgï wkqmd;slh 13'00] 10'00]
j;alï u; wfmaCIs; m%;s,dN wkqmd;slh 13'00] 10'00]
wkd.; jegqma jeäùï 8'50] 8'50]
wkd.; jegqma jeäùï - ^úY%du& ^kj& 6'50] 6'50]
wkd.; úY%du jegqma jeäùu 7'50] 7'50]
fiajh yerhdfï wkqmd;h 2'00] 2'00]
ffjoH ms˙jefhys WoaOuk wkqmd;h 3'00] 3'00]
b;s˙ idudkH fiajd ld,h
Y%S ,x'u'ne' úY%du jegqma wjqre≥ 27 wjqre≥ 27
Y%S ,x'u'ne' úY%du jegqma - kj wjqre≥ 41 wjqre≥ 41
jekaoUq yd wk;aore wjqre≥ 27 wjqre≥ 27
jekaoUq mqreI yd wk;aore wjqre≥ 27 wjqre≥ 27
md˙f;daIsl úY%du jegqma wjqre≥ 20 wjqre≥ 20
ffjoH m%;s,dN wjqre≥ 32 wjqre≥ 32
úY%dñl jhi wjqre≥ 60 wjqre≥ 60

jekaoUq yd jekaoUq mqreI md˙f;daIsl úY%du

fiajl úY%du fiajl úY%du ffjoH m%;s,dN
0'5] ° ixfõ°;d úYaf,aIKh wk;aore yd wk;aore jegqma fhdackd
jegqma jegqma fhdackd fhdackd l%uh
^2016-12-31& úY%du jegqma úY%du jegqma l%uh
fhdackd l%uh l%uh - kj
fhdackd l%uh fhdackd l%uh
re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
mqfrdal:kh lrk ,o m%;s,dN i|yd jk ne£ï u; we;s
j;auka Wml,amkhka 27,484,329 609,976 4,957,084 825,792 131,774 2,056,133
§›¶ jÜáï wkqmd;slh fjkiaùfï n,mEu (1,120,339) (63,235) (223,313) (46,688) (4,572) (66,121)
§-¶ jÜgï wkqmd;slh fjkiaùfï n,mEu 1,207,556 72,190 243,228 51,001 4,876 70,826
§›¶ fiajh yer hdfï iS.%;djh fjkiaùfï n,mEu - - - - 26,335 12,733
§-¶ fiajh yer hdfï iS.%;djh fjkiaùfï n,mEu - - - - (28,715) (13,395)
§›¶ jegqma jeä ùfï iS.%;djh fjkiaùfï n,mEu 154,116 54,441 12,097 4,791 5,061 -
§-¶ jegqma jeä ùfï iS.%;djh fjkiaùfï n,mEu (150,130) (49,497) (11,789) (4,675) (4,776) -
§›¶ ffjoH ms˙jefhys WoaOukh fjkiaùfï n,mEu - - - - - 71,939
§-¶ ffjoH ms˙jefhys WoaOukh fjkiaùfï n,mEu - - - - - (67,155)
§›¶ úY%du jegqma by< hdfï m%;sY;h fjkiaùfï n,mEu 1,103,394 - 241,807 48,302 - -
§-¶ úY%du jegqma by< hdfï m%;sY;h fjkiaùfï n,mEu (1,035,401) - (224,268) (44,771) - -

46' idOdrK jákdlï ms<n| fy,sorõ ls¯ï
w& j;alï yd j.lSïj, idOdrK jákdlu
j;alï yd j.lSïj, idOdrK w.h jkafka hï j;alula
úls”ug fyda j.lSula mej¯u i`oyd l%uj;a .Kqfokqjl
° fj<`ofmd, iyNd.Sjkakka w;r ñKqïlrK †kfha
° ,eìh hq;= fyda f.úh hq;= uqo,hs' uQ,H ,shú,a,la
úl=Kkakdg tfrysj ñ, p,khla is≥ fkdjk m˙†
ie,lsh hq;= .kqfokqjla" .%yKh lr.; yels f,i
ixúOdk jQ iy øjYS,;djh we;s fjf<|fmd<l uQ,H
,shú,a,la úls”u l< úg tys m%ldYs; ñ, idOdrK
w.h fõ'
m<uqjk uÜÜu ( wkkH j;alu fyda j.lSu i`oyd
l%shdld¯ fj<`om, ;=< ysñ m%ldYs; ^fkdieliQ& ñ,
.Kka·
fojk uÜgu ( jdr®;d lrk ,o idOdrK w.h flfrys
m%udKd;aul n,mEula l< yels ish`Mu fhojqï i`oyd
iDcqj fyda jl%dldrfhka ks¯laIKh l,yels fhojqï
Ndú;d lrk wfkl=;a l%u·
f;jk uÜgu ( ks¯laIKh l< yels fj<`om, o;a; u;
mokï fkdjQ jdr®;d lrk ,o idOdrK w.h flfrys
m%udKd;aul n,mEula l< yels fhojqï" Ndú;d lrkq
,nk l%u·

we.hqï l%uhkag jk j;alï yd j.lSïj, idOdrK w.h my; ±lafjk j.=j u.ska idOdrK w.h OQrdj,sh wkqj
ksYaph ls¯ug iy wkdjrKh ls¯ug nexl=j úiska my; jdr®;d lrk ,o j;alï yd j.lSïj, úYaf,aIKhla
OQrdj,sh Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,efí' fmkakqï lrhs'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 53

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg m<uqjk fojk f;jk

uÜgu uÜgu uÜgu tl;=j
re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
uQ,H j;alï
,dN fyda w,dN u; idOdrK jákdlug we;s iq/l=ïm;a 43,278,755 - - 43,278,755
úl=Kqï i`oyd jk wdfhdack 348,544,650 - - 348,544,650
jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK - 198,880 - 198,880
391,823,405 198,880 - 392,022,285
uQ,H fkdjk úfoaY úksuh j;alï
rka 111,009,339 - - 111,009,339
111,009,339 - - 111,009,339
foaYSh uQ,H j;alï
Y%S ,xld rcfha iqrel=ïm;a - 320,640,852 - 320,640,852
- 320,640,852 - 320,640,852
wfkl=;a uQ,H fkdjk j;alï
bvï - - 8,976,339 8,976,339
f.dvke.s,s - - 7,695,682 7,695,682
- - 16,672,021 16,672,021
uQ,H j.lSï
wka;r®.; jHq;amkak uQ,H - úksuh úl,am - - 5,911,812 5,911,812
jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK - 8,661,863 - 8,661,863
- 8,661,863 5,911,812 14,573,675

2015 foieïnr® 31 †kg m<uqjk fojk f;jk tl;=j

uÜgu uÜgu uÜgu
re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
uQ,H j;alï
,dN fyda w,dN u; idOdrK jákdlug we;s iq/l=ïm;a 35,779,665 - - 35,779,665
úl=Kqï i`oyd jk wdfhdack 352,054,482 - - 352,054,482
jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK - 4,145 - 4,145
387,834,147 4,145 - 387,838,292
uQ,H fkdjk úfoaY úksuh j;alï
rka 97,723,836 - - 97,723,836
97,723,836 - - 97,723,836
foaYSh uQ,H j;alï
Y%S ,xld rcfha iqrel=ïm;a - 102,799,824 - 102,799,824
- 102,799,824 - 102,799,824
wfkl=;a uQ,H fkdjk j;alï
bvï - - 5,879,064 5,879,064
f.dvke.s,s - - 7,930,666 7,930,666
- - 13,809,730 13,809,730
uQ,H j.lSï
wka;r®.; jHq;amkak uQ,H - úksuh úl,am - - 10,290,162 10,290,162
jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK - 13,990,146 - 13,990,146
- 13,990,146 10,290,162 24,280,308
bvï yd f.dvke.s,s wfkl=;a f.dvke.s,s w.h ls¯u i`oyd" ;ks jr®;udk
w.hlg yer jQ ^jÜgï l,& weia;fïka;=.; wkd.;
w.h ls¯fï l%uh
wdodhu" ,dNh fyda uqo,a m%jdyhka u; mokïj foam,
Rcq ikaikaokd;aul l%uh iu`. fj<`ofmd, m%fõYh w.h lrkq ,nk wdodhï m%fõYh fhdod .kakd ,°'
Ndú;d lrñka bvï w.h lrkq ,nk w;r tys° j;alu
kq≥fr®° is≥lrk ,o iudk j;alul úl=Kqï w.h iu`. jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK
ixikaokh fldg tlS w.hg tl;= l< fyda kdñlj tl;= jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK w.h ls¯fï wdlD;s i|yd
l< jeä†hqKq w.hla .e,mqï ls¯ulska f;drj Points of b†˙ ñ, .Kka ^fjf<|fmd,ys we;s b†˙ ,laIH nysr®
Difference i`oyd muKla .e,mqï ls¯fuka idOdrK w.h
ksfõIKh (extrapolation) ls¯fuka .Kkh lrhs'& iy
.Kkh lrkq ,nhs'
w.h lrk †kg w∞, tla tla uqo,a jr®.hkays Y+kH fmd<S
fmd≥ uyck;djg fiajd imhk rdcH wxY tAllhka úiska M,∞ jl% u; mokï j .Kkh l, jÜgï idOl fhd∞
md,kh lrkq ,nk j;alï" újD; øjYS, fj<`ofmdf,ys
.efka' w.h lrk ,o WmlrKfha wdka;slhla wvx.= fõ
yqjudre fkdjk neúka fikag%,a fmdhskaÜ" jhsÜ wfõia"
f,dhsâia f.dvke.s,s yer wfkl=;a ishΩu f.dvke.s,s kï" wdka;sl wkqmd;hka ys n,mEu b†˙m;a ls¯ug;a b†˙
laIh lrk ,o m%jr®;k m%;sia:dmk ms˙jeh ^DRC& l%uhg ñ, .Kkaj,g yd$fyda fmd<S wkqmd;hkaj,g .e,mSu
;lafiare lr we;' is≥lrkq ,nhs'

II fldgi - 54 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

wka;r®.; jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK - uQ,H úl,amhka OdrK idOdrK

jákdlï jákdlï
wka;r®.; jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrKj, w.h í,elafIda,aia
2016 2015 2016 2015
wdor®Ylh Ndú;d lrñka .kKh lr we;'
re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000
f;jk uÜgï úfoaYSh uQ,H j;alï
2016 2015
úfoaYSh úksuh úl=Kqï
re' 000 re' 000 391,823,405 387,834,147 391,823,405 387,834,147
$úlsKSu i|yd we;s iq/l=ïm;a
ckjd˙ 1 †kg fYaIh 10,290,162 16,350,511
jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK j.lSï (4,378,349) (6,060,349) jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK 198,880 4,145 198,880 4,145
foieïnr® 31 †kg fYaIh 5,911,813 10,290,162 foaYSh uQ,H j;alï
bmhSïj, we;=<;a Wm,íê fkdjQ YS% ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a 351,426,470 102,866,967 320,640,852 102,799,824
4,378,349 6,159,141
bmehSïj, tl;=j nexl=j,g fokq ,enQ Kh 484,043 886,357 460,376 839,898
wksl=;a j;alï 12,322,596 11,164,452 9,573,218 7,973,781
Ndú;d lrk ,o ks¯laIKh l, fkdyels iqúfYaIS fhojqï
úfoaYSh uQ,H fkdjk j;alï
jÜgï idOlh 10%
rkaj,ska lrk ,o wdfhdack 111,009,339 97,723,836 111,009,339 97,723,836
WÉpdjpkh 5%
úfoaYSh uQ,H j.lSï
ixfõ°;d úYaf,aIlh jÜgï idOlh WÉpdjpkh jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK 14,573,675 24,280,308 14,573,675 24,280,308

9% 11% 4% 6%

re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 re' 000 47' ikaikaokd;aul f;dr;=re
wka;r®.; jHq;amkak WmlrK - 6,016,743 5,811,071 5,910,742 5,940,987 2015
uQ,H úl,amhka re' 000
wka;r®.; jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK 2016 2015 fmrd;=j b†˙m;aa l< wdldrhg(
u; ú,ïNS; j;alï re' 000 re' 000 foaYSh uQ,H j;alï
ckjd˙ 1 †kg fYaIh 13,292,126 25,832,842
Y%S ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a 102,866,967
jir ;=,° l%ulaIh lrk ,o wêñ, (8,666,461) (12,540,716)
wfkl=;a j;alï 11,164,452
foieïnr® 31 g fYaIh 4,625,665 13,292,126
foaYSh uQ,H nerlï
wd& m%;sñ,° .ekSï iy m%;súl=Kqï .súiqï m%;sñ,° .ekSfï tl`.;djh u; wf,ú l,
105,465,000
iq/l=ïm;a
.súiqïj, fláld,Sk iajNdjh ksid" wdikak idOdrK wfkl=;a f.úh hq;= ≤ 6,850,998
w.hla ,nd .ekSug m%;sñ,° .ekSï iy m%;súl=Kqï
.kqfokqj, jdr®;d l< w.h i,ld n,kq ,efí' 2016 2016 2015
foieïnr® 31 †kg m%;sñ,° .ekSï hgf;a mj;sk YS% ,xld re' 000 re' 000
rcfha iq/l=ïm;aj, OdrK jákdlu re'ñ' 21"383'72 la j;auka b†˙m;a ls¯u
úh' ^2015 - re'ñ' 23"662'52& iy ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï
foaYSh uQ,H j;alï
re'ñ' 48"670'71 ^2015 - re'ñ' 81"828'49&' 2016 foieïnr® 31
†kg m%;súl=Kqï .súiqï hgf;a mj;sk Y%S ,xld rcfha Y%S ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a 351,426,470 102,866,995
iq/l=ïm;aj, OdrK jákdlu re'ñ' 30"821'39 ^2015 ° th wfkl=;a j;alï 12,322,596 11,164,424
re'ñ' 135'03& ls' foaYSh uQ,H nerlï
we& ixirKfha we;s uqo,a m%;sñ,° .ekSfï tl`.;djh u; 70,054,436 105,491,006
wf,ú l< iq/l=ïm;a
ixirKfha we;s uqo,aj, idOdrK w.h" fYaI m;%fhys wfkl=;a f.úh hq;= ≤ 8,563,548 6,824,992
jdr®;dlr we;s m˙† tajdfha uqyqK; jákdluh'
wE& ;ekam;= jákdlu 2015 ° wfkl=;a j;alï hgf;a olajd we;s re'ñ 0'03la jQ
b,aÆ úfgl ° f.úh hq;= neúka ;ekam;=j, OdrK w.h m%;súl=Kqï u; jQ ,eìh hq;= fmd,S" jvd;a ksjer† b†˙m;a
wdikak idOdrK w.h f,i i,lkq ,efí' ls¯ula i`oyd jr®;udkfha Y%S ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a
b& idOdrK jákdlu ;S r Kh ls ¯ u yd idOdrK hgf;a olajd we;' tm˙oafoka 2015 ° wfkl=;a f.úh
jákdlï OQrdj,sh hq;= ≤ hgf;a olajd we;s re' ñ' 26'01la jQ m%;sñ,°.ekSï
my; ±lafjkafka OdrK w.hka iy idOdrK w.hka iy ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï u; jQ fmd,S" jvd;a ksjer†
wdikak jYfhka iudk fkdjk nexl=fõ j;alï yd b†˙m;a ls¯ula i`oyd jr®;udkfha m%;sñ,° .ekSfï
j.lSï ys mka;s f,i OdrK w.hka yd idOdrK w.hka tl`.;djh u; wf,ú l< iq/l=ïm;a hgf;a olajd
w;r ixikaokd;aul f;dr;=re fõ' we;'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 55

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

48' iïnkaê; mdr®Yjhka mdr®Yjhkag we;=<;a fõ' wka;r®cd;sl .sKqïlrK

48'1 rch iy rch úiska md,kh lrkq ,nk wdh;k
iu. .kqfokq
nexl=j úiska idudkH fufyhqï lghq;= lrf.k
hdfï ° iïnkaê; mdr®Yjhka iu`. .Kqfokqj,g
msúfikq ,efí' Y%S ,xld rch ^Y%S',x'u'ne' mru
whs;slre jYfhka& úúO rcfha fomdr®;fïka;= iy
rch u`.ska md,kh flfrk wdh;k o iïnkaê;
m%ñ; 24 ^ixfYdaê;& iïnkaê; mdr®Yjhka ms<sn`o
fy<sorõ ls¯fï .sKqïlrK m%ñ;shg wkqj ;ksj
.;a l< ie<lsh hq;= uÜgfï jk yd wfkl=;a
.Kqfokqj,° tlS .Kqfokq ;ks jYfhka fkdj
iduQyslj ie<lsh hq;= uÜgfï jk rch iy rch
u`.ska md,kh flfrk wdh;k iu`. t<eö .Kqfokq
iy úêúOdkhka my; i`oyka m˙† fõ'

.kqfokq j, iajNdjh 2016 2015

re' 000 re' 000
.kqfokq(
tlajr ñ,° .;a YS% ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a 8,065,953 -
tlajr úlsKQ YS% ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a 37,375,643 66,059,197
m%;s úls”fï yd m%;sñ,° .ekSfï .súiqï hgf;a ñ,° .;a fyda úl=KQ Y%S',x'u'ne' iy 6,215,152,910 8,558,487,853
Y%S ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a
foieïnr® 31 †kg uqo,a fkdaÜgq uqøKh ls¯fï ms˙jeh ^we& 3,162,625 1,954,763
foieïnr® 31 †fkka wjika jr®Ih i|yd NdKav yd fiajd i|yd f.jQ .dia;= iy n≥ ^wE& 1,229,032 762,417
jr®Ih ;=< ° w;s˙la;h rchg f.ùu ^igyk 30& 5,000,000 -
jr®Ih ;=<° o< úfoaY úksuh .kqfokq ^B&
- úl=Kqï 55,884,998 234,753,399
- ñ,g .ekSï 68,112,483 -
- we't'c' fvd,r® $ YS% ,xld remsh,a jHq;amkak uQ,H WmlrK 737,197,729 836,162,191
jr®Ih ;=,° w;ay< foam, fjkqfjka ,o wruqo,a 275,236 114,971
WmfoaYkd;aul" ikaksfõok yd jD;a;Suh f.ùï ^W& 28,038 155,428
fYaIhka (
Y%S ,x'u'ne' úiska whs;sld¯;ajh ork ,o Y%S ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;a ^W!& 320,605,082 102,731,967
rchg fok ,o ld,Sk w;a;sldrï ^igyk 9& 83,306,771 151,131,671
iqiyk w†hr I iy II" m<d;a ixjr®Ok Kh l%uh" fi!Nd.Hd Kh l%uh" msìfok W;=r Kh
l%uh ^w†hr II&" kef.kysr m<d; ;=< wdr®:ßl lghq;= m%;sYaGdmkh ls¯fï ^w†hr II& iy W;=re 112,652 352,864
kef.kyssr ydks jQ ksjdi m%;sixialrKh ls¯fï jevigyk hgf;a fok ,o Kh
ksYaÑ; wruqKq i|yd ñ,°.;a rcfha iq/l=ïm;a 5,208,837 4,292,385
nexl= yd uQ,H wdh;kj, ;;ald,Sk o< mshjqï moaO;sfha (RTGS) fYaIhka 183,836,224 115,013,766
,xld nexl=fõ ,kavka YdLdfõ mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk fkdiafg%d .sKqfï fYaIh 168,790 195,999
NdKavd.drfhka yd wfkl=;a wud;HdxY j,ska ,eìh hq;= ≤ 1,401,497 1,378,695
NdKavd.drh fj; l< hq;= f.ùï ^igyk 20& 291,768 8,203,776
cd;sl m%;sm;a;s iy wdr®:ßl lghq;= wud;HdxYh fj; f.ùï ^igyk 20& 32,222,139 49,479,048
foieïnr® 31 †kg rcfha yd rcfha wdh;k iu. cx.u .sKqï fYaIhka 198,936 176,637
wfkl=;a .Kqfokq yd fYAIhka ^T& 1,121,491 1,124,350

w& uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 28-33 j.ka;s wkqj mejfrk ,o
n,h m%ldr nexl=fõ" nexl= wëCIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a uKav,fha n,m;%,dNS
nexl=j, lghq;= kshdukh yd iqm¯laIKh lrkq
,nhs' 2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg rch u`.ska wruqo,a
iemhq fyda rcfha iqúfYaI n,mEula we;s n,m;%,dNS
jd◊c nexl= 03 la iy n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=
04 la fuu fomdr®;fïka;=fõ iqm¯laIKhg Ndckh
lr we;'
nexl=fõ nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ,shdm†xÑ nexl= fkdjk" uQ,H
iud.ïj, kshdukh iy iqm¯laIKh lrf.k hkq
,nhs' ta wkqj" rch úiska md,kh lrkq ,nk fyda
wruqo,a imhd we;s nexl=j,g iïnkaê; wdh;k iy
nexl= fkdjk uQ,H iud.ï fuu fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
iqm¯laIKh hg;g mejfr®'
wd& uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 113 j.ka;sh m%ldr rdcH Kh
l<ukdlrKh ls¯fï l%shdmámdáh" uqo,a uKav,h
yd nexl=j i;= fõ' ta wkqj" rcfha ksfhdacs;hd f,i"
rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska whjeh wjYH;d
iy foaYSh yd úfoaYSh Kh fiajd imqrd .ekSu i|yd
foaYSh fjf<|fmd<g iq/l=ïm;a ksl=;a ls¯u lrkq
,efí' rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska rdcH Kh
l<ukdlrKh yd Kh fjf<|fmd< ixjr®Okh
ls¯u lrkq ,nhs' rcfha wjYH;d yd tys mshùï
nerlï imqrd,Su idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd rdcH
Kh m˙md,kh ls¯u fuu fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
lrkq ,efí'

II fldgi - 56 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi
we& uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 49 j.ka;sh m%ldr" uqo,a ksl=;a
ls¯fï ;ks whs;sh yd n,;, nexl=j i;= fõ' ta
wkqj nexl=fõ jHjydr uqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j"
ffk;sl jHjydr uqo,a ksl=;a ls¯fï ;ks
n,Od˙hd f,i lghq;= lrhs' uqo,a fkdaÜgq uQøKh
ls¯fï ldr®hh ã ,d rE ,xld lrkais wekaâ
filshq˙á m%skaÜ ^mqoa& iud.u úiska lrf.k
hkq ,efí' fuys fldgia ysñlfuka 40] orkafka
rchhs'
wE& nexl=j idudkHfhka fufyhqï lghq;= lrf.k
hdfï °" úsúO NdKav yd fiajd ,nd .ekSu i|yd
rdcH wdh;k fyda rcfha iqúfYaI n,mEula fyda
md,khla we;s wdh;k iuÛ .kqfokqj,g t<fUkq
,efí'
b& igyka wxl 50 ys meye†,s lr we;s m˙† nexl=j
Ndrlre iy wfkl=;a úYajdi;d ;;a;ajhkays lghq;=
ls¯u u.ska rch" Ndrhka" úY%du m%;s,dN ie,iqï iy
wksl=;a wdh;k fjkqfjka j;alï iy nerlï ±¯u
fyda ia:dmkh ls¯u idudkHfhka is≥lrkq ,efí'
B& uqo,a kS;s mk;g hg;aj nexl=fõ cd;Hka;r
fufyhqï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska foaYSh" úfoaYSh
úksuh fjf<|fmdf<ys ixjr®Okh yd jd◊c
nexl=j, tla †k újD; úfoaY úksuh ;;a;ajh
iqm¯laIKh lrkq ,efí' foaYSh úfoaY úksuh
fjf<|fmd< ixjr®Okh iqm¯laIKfha ° YS% ,xld
remshf,a úksuh wkqmd;h ±ä f,i fjkiaùu ,sys,a
ls¯fï wruq◊ka nexl=j fjf<|fmdf<ys fuu wxY
foflys u kshef,kafkah' úfoaY úksuh ñ,g .ekSï
iy úl=Kqï m%udKhka tu iqm¯laIKfha m%;sM,
ksfhdackh flfr®'
W& tlai;a cd;Skaf.a udkj ysñlï úur®Ykh fjkqfjka
f.jQ WmfoaYKd;aul yd jD;a;Suh .dia;= fuu.ska
ksrEmKh lrhs' fuu f.ùï m˙md,k yd wksl=;a
úhoï hgf;a jdr®;d lr we;'
W!& foaYSh fufyhqï fomdr®;fïka;=j" 1949 wxl 58
orK uqo,a kS;s ixfYdaê; mkf;a 90-92 j.ka;s
m%ldr" nexl=fõ uQ,H m%;sm;a;s l%shdjg kexùfï
ldr®hhka f,i újD; fjf<|fmd< fufyhqï
lghq;=j, kshe,Su" uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 93-98 j.ka;s
m%ldr" ffk;sl ixÑ; mj;ajd .ekSfï wjYH;dj
n,d;aul ls¯u yd rcfha fldgia ysñlï we;s
jd◊c nexl=j, yd wfkl=;a iuyrla uQ,H wdh;k
yd rdcH wdh;kj, nexl=lre f,i lghq;= lrhs'
2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg fuu ldr®h ls¯fï ° Woa.;
jQ uqΩ fYaIh igyka 21 yd 22 ys olajd we;' rcfha
iq/l=ïm;a u; Wmhd.;a fmd<sh 31 igyfkys ±lafõ'
t& rcfha md,khg hg;a tla nexl=jl Ndrldr;aj
úêúOdkj, nexl=j ksheÆk w;r ta i|yd .dia;=jla
wh fkdflre◊'
tA& nexl= wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI úiska
ksl=;a lrk ,o pl%f,aLhg wkqj" lDIslr®udka;h
i|yd wju w;a;sldrï iSudj jQ 10] mj;ajdf.k
hkq fkd,nk nexl= úiska" tu ysÛ uqo, m%dfoaYSh
ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ls%hd;aul m%;suQ,H
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
wruqo,g ∞hl l< hq;=h' fï hgf;a 2016 foieïnr®
31 †kg m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
uyck nexl=j re'ñ' 25'57 ^2015 - re'ñ' 99'42&"
,xld nexl=j re'ñ' 7'71 ^2015 - re'ñ' 21'21&" m%dfoaYSh
ixjr®Ok nexl=j re'ñ' 23'42 ^2015 re'ñ' 64'63& yd
,xld mq;% ixjr®Ok nexl=j re'ñ' 7'78 ^2015 re'ñ'
15'19& yryd re'ñ' 64'48 Kh m%;suQ,Hkh lr we;'
tu.ska re'ñ' 97'36 l fmd<shla Wmhd we;'
T& ;ks jYfhka .;al, iqúfYaIS fkdjk" rch" rcfha
fomdr®;fïka;= iy rch u.ska md,kh jk wdh;k
iu. nexl=j úiska is≥l, .kqfokqj, fYaIhka"
wfkl=;a fYaIhka ys we;=,;a fõ'
48'2 m%Odk l<ukdlrK ldr®hh uKav,h iu`.
.kqfokq
wêm;s we;=Ω uqo,a uKav,fha idud‚lhka ^uqo,a
kS;s mk;g wkqj fuu idud‚lhska yg fjk;a lsis≥
nexl= wdh;khl wOHlaIlOQrhla" ks,Od¯ ;k;=rla"
fiajlfhla fyda fldgia ysñfhla úh fkdyel'&" ksfhdacH
wêm;sjreka" iyldr wêm;sjreka yd l<ukdlrK
ú.Kk wxYfha wOHlaIl m%Odk l<ukdlrK ldr®hh
uKav,hg we;=<;a fõ' m%Odk l<ukdlrK ldr®hh
uKav,h nexl=j iu. is≥lrk ,o .kqfokq my; m˙†
fõ'
48'3 m%Odk l<ukdlrK ldr®hh uKav,h fj; l<
f.ùï (
2016 2015
re' 000 re' 000
fláld,Sk fiajl m%;s,dN 123,948 107,904
fuhg wu;rj m%Odk l<ukdlrK ldr®hh uKav,h
i|yd Tjqkaf.a fiajd .súiqïj,g hg;aj uQ,H fkdjk
m%;s,dN o imhkq ,efí'
48'4 m%Odk l<ukdlrK ldr®hh uKav,fha idud‚lhka
iu`. jQ fjk;a .Kqfokq
2016 2015
re' 000 re' 000
l<ukdlrK ldr®hh
uKav,fha idud‚lhka yg 57,793 46,600
≥ka Kh
fuu Kh i|yd w∞< jk fmd<S wkqmd;hka ishhg 2
isg ishhg 7 olajd mrdihkays jk w;r" udislj f.jkq
,nk tu ishΩ Kh m%udKj;a m˙† wdrlaIs; fldg we;'
48'5 mYapd;a fiajd m%;s,dN ie,iqï iu. .kqfokq
2016 2015
re' 000 re' 000
f.jk ,o iy f.úh hq;= 69,511 68,382
∞hlh
II fldgi - 57
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

igyka wxl 45 ys olajd we;s m˙† nexl=j úiska úY%du
jegqma iy wksl=;a mYapd;a fiajd úY%du ie,iqï i|yd
úúO uqo,a m%udKj,ska ∞hl jQ w;r re'ñ' 559'67 la ^2015 -
re'ñ' 559'38& fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,g f.jk ,°'
idudkH jHdmd˙l lghq;= j,° nexl=j úiska iajlSh
mYapd;a fiajd ie<iqï i|yd nexl= iy uQ,H fiajd imhkq
,nhs' tjeks ie<iqï j, fYaIhka 24 igyfkys olajd
we;'
49' wiïNdjH j.lSï iy m%d.aOk ne£ï
49'1 uQ,H wem fldka;%d;a
rcfha fyda tys ksfhdacs;hkaf.a iy wdh;kj, ksfhdacs;
f,i l%shdlrñka" uyd NdKavd.drh úiska nexl=j fj;
ksl=;a lrkq ,nk m%;s wem u; úúO mdr®Yajhkag wem
imhkq ,efí' 2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg fYaI tjeks wem
lsisjla fkdùh'
49'3 úYajia; l%shdldrlï
uqo,a kS;s mk; wkqj nexl=j úiska úYajia; l%shdldrlï
lrf.k hkq ,nhs' ta wkqj l%shdls¯fï ° úúO mdr®Yajhka
i|yd j;alï ±¯u fyda ia:dmkh ls¯u o lrkq ,efí'
flfia jqjo tfia ls¯fuka lsishï nerlula we;sfõ hehs
nexl=j wfmalaId lrkq fkd,efí'
49'4 ffk;sl ysñlï
w∞< wdh;kfhys we,aue;s mdr®Yajhka úiska re'ñ' 35 la
i|yd ysñlïmdñka f.dkq lr we;s kvqjl nexl=j
ú;a;slre fõ' fuu meñ◊,a,g tfrysj nexl=j wNsfhda.
lrk neúka uQ,H m%ldYkj, fï i|yd m%;smdok i,id
fkdue;'
nexl=j" ydks re'ñ' 16'57 lg ysñlï mdñka f.dkqlr
we;s kvq 2 lg meñ◊,slre jk w;r ta fjkqfjka uQ,H
m%ldYkj, m%;smdok i,id fkdue;'

49'2 Kh wem ;jo" nexl=jg tfrysj kS;s lD;Hka .Kkdjla 2016

foieïnr® 31 †kg m˙fYaIj ;snq◊' fï iïnkaOfhka
nexl=fjys m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ie,lsh hq;= mdvqjla nexl=jg we;s fkdfõh hkq nexl=fõ
^m%d'ix'fo'& ldr®hhka jkafka msgia;r Kh udr®. ;=<ska u;h neúka tA i`oyd m%;smdok i,id fkdue;'
,efnk uqo,a iyNd.S uq,H wdh;k u.ska m%;suQ,HlrK
Kh f,i iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK jHjidhlhskag ,nd°u" 49'5 ne£ï
tu jHjidhlhska i|yd Kh wemúï ksl=;als¯u" wem ^w& 2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg foam<" ms˙h; yd WmlrK
jd˙l /ials¯u" Kh meyerye¯ï u.yerùu i|yd yd w;am;a lr .ekSu fjkqfjka re'ñ' 148'30 ^2015 re'ñ'
tu Kh ksism˙† fhofjk njg idlaId;a lr .ekSu 405'53& m%d.aOk ne|Sula nexl=j úiska we;s lr f.k
i|yd Kh wemlre wruqo,a m˙md,kh iy mYapd;a Kh ;sfí'
iqm¯laIKhhs' fuu jevms<sfj, hgf;a ,nd≥ka Kh ^wd& 2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg b†˙ yqjudre .Kqfokq
iïnkaOfhka iyNd.s uQ,H wdh;kj,g is≥úh yels fufiah'
mdvq wdjrKh iemhSu i|yd m%;suQ,H myiqlï iemhSu
m%d'ix'fo' úiska iudf,daÑ; jr®Ih ;=< ° wLKavj is≥ 2016 2015
lrk ,°' fuh Kh meyer ye¯fï m%udKh u; jk re' 000 re' 000
wdjrKhla fkdjk w;r iyNd.S jk uQ,H wdh;k b†˙ úksuh fldka;%d;a;=
u.ska Kh ,nd≥ka mdr®Yjhkaf.ka Kh wdmiq whlr b†˙ úksuh úl=Kqï
.eksfï l%shdudr®. .ekSfuka miq" b;s˙jk mdvq i|yd - weu˙ld tlai;a ckmo fvd,r® 2,501,145 2,416,415
jk wdjrKhls' Kh whlr .ekSfï l%shdudr®. .ekSfuka - iaùvk fl%dakh 58 -
wk;=rej is≥úh yels mdvq ms<sn|j iyNd.s uQ,H wdh;k b†˙ úksuh ñ,° .ekSï
úiska lrkq ,nk b,a,Sï muKla i,ld ne,Su fuys - weu˙ld tlai;a ckmo fvd,r® 15,998 249,810
wr®:h fõ' fuu jevms<sfj, u.ska Woa.; jk wiïNdjH
nerlï my; oelafõ' 49'6 j;alï Tvmk ls¯u
foaYSh jd◊c nexl= - Kh wem i|yd ( iq/l=ïm;a fíreï l%shdj,sh myiqlr,Su i|yd nexl=j
´iafÜ%,shdkq fvd,r® ñ,shk 35 - OdrK w.h -
Kh wem fkdmshjd meje;s wem ´iafÜ%,shdkq fvd,r® ñ,shk 36'02 ^2015 - ´iafÜ%,shdkq
iemhQ m%udKh
uqo,a 2016 2015 fvd,r® ñ,shk 35 - OdrK w.h - ´iafÜ%,shdkq fvd,r®
jr®.h re' 000 re' 000
ñ,shk 36'29& hQfrda la,shr® nexl=jg Tvmk fldg we't'c
iïnkaê; mdr®Yajhka remsh,a fvd,r® ñ,shk 30 ^2015 - we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 30&
nexl=j úiska wruqo,a Kh myiqlï ,ndf.k we;' Tvmk lrk ,o iq/l=ïm;a
54,799 2,310,793
iemhQ fhdackd l%u hQfrda la,shr® ys fjku .sKqul r|jd we;'
rch úiska wruqo,a 1,878,523 3,978,055
iemhQ fhdackd l%u tu iq/l=ïm;a uQ,H ;;aj m%ldYkh ;=< zw,ú l< yels
wksl=;a remsh,a iq/l=ïm;aZ f,i b†˙m;a lr ;sfí' "Collateral Agreement
nexl=j úiska wruqo,a 5,311 220,609 Governing Secured Borrowings by participants in the
iemhQ fhdackd l%u
Euroclear System" yd ''General Conditions Governing
rch úiska wruqo,a 213,748 315,680
iemhQ fhdackd l%u Extensions of credit to participants in the Euroclear
uqΩ Kh wem m%udKh 2,152,381 6,825,138 System'' hk udr®. ksr®foaYhka u; mokï ù tlS .Kqfokq
nexl=j úiska yiqrjkq ,efí'

II fldgi - 58 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi
50' Ndr iy Ndrldr;aj l%shdldrlï
nexl=j" idudkHfhka Ndrlrejl= f,i yd wfkl=;a
úYajdi;d ;;a;ajhkays l%shdls¯fï m%;sM,hla f,i rch"
Ndrhka" úY%du m%;s,dN ie,iqï iy wksl=;a wdh;k
fjkqfjka j;alï iy nerlï ±¯u fyda ia:dmkh ls¯u
is≥ lrkq ,efí' nexl=j úiska bgq lrkq ,nk ie,lsh
hq;= Ndr l%shdldrlï my; i|yka m˙† fõ'
w& úúO úfoaYSh Kh iy úfoaY wruqo,a fhdok ixjr®Ok
jHdmD;s iy Kh fhdackd l%u i|yd jk m%∞khkays
Kh uq∞ye¯u iy wdmiq f.ùï nexl=j úiska Y%S ,xld
rch ^Y%S',x'r& fjkqjka is≥ ls¯u lrkq ,efí' ;jo YS%
,xld rch fjkqfjka úúO úfoaYSh Kh iy m%∞khka
hgf;a m%;smdr®Yaùh wruqo,a /ialr m%∞kh lrk
ksfhdacs; wdh;khkaf.a b,a,su m˙† tu wruqo,a
NdKavd.dr ì,am;aj, wdfhdackh lrkq ,efí'
wd& nexl=j fiajl wr®:idOl wruqof,a ^fia'w'w&
Ndrldr;ajh Wiq,hs' ta wkqj" mkf;a úê úOdk
m%ldr ∞hl uqo,a ,nd .ekSu" wêNdr ,nd.ekSu"
wdfhdackj,ska wd∞hu ,nd .ekSu" fia'w' wruqof,a
,shdm†xÑ idud‚lhkaf.a .sKqï mj;ajdf.k hdu"
w;s˙la; uqo,a wdfhdackh iy idud‚lhskag m%;s,dN
f.ùu uqo,a uKav,fha ldr®hhkag we;=<;a jkafkah'
we& YS% ,xld uy nexl=fjys n,m;%,dNS nexl= wdh;k
iy 1972 wxl 5 ork iuqmldr iñ;s mk; hgf;a
,shdm†xÑ" nexl= jHdmdrfhys fh° isák iuqmldr
iñ;s i|yd újD;j we;s iafjÉPd ;ekam;a rCIK
fhdackd l%uhla jk §;ekam;= rCIK fhdackd l%uh¶
nexl=j úiska m˙md,kh lr we;' 2010 Tlaf;danr®
01 ∞ isg tu fhdackd l%ufhys we;s wruqo,a" 2010
iema;eïnr® 28 ∞ ;u" .eiÜ wxl 1673$11 hgf;a
msysg jQ §YS% ,xld ;ekam;= rlaIK fhdackd l%uh¶
fj; mjrd we;'
wE& 2010 iema;eïnr® 28 ∞;u jQ 1673$11 wxl orK .eiÜ
m;%h wkqj 2010 Tlaf;danr® 01 ∞ isg nexl=j úiska §YS%
,xld ;ekam;= rlaIK fhdackd l%uh¶ kñka md,s;
;ekam;= rlaIK l%uhla cd;sl wjYH;djhla f,i
;ekam;alrejkaf.a wruqo,a wdrlaIdj fjkqfjka
msysgqjd we;'
ishÆu n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=" n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs;
nexl= yd ,shdmosxÑ uQ,H iud.ï fuu fhdackd
l%ufha idud‚lhka fõ' ta wkqj" fuys iuia:
idud‚lhka .Kk 77 ls' .eiÜ m;%fha 5'2 j.ka;shg
wkqj úfYaIs; w;ye¯ï yd ishÆu Kh WmlrK
yer idud‚l wdh;khkays b,aÆï ;ekam;=" ld,Sk
;ekam;= iy b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;= j.lSï rlaIKh
flfr®'
re'ñ' 350'20 la jQ iafjÉPd ;ekam;a rlaIK fhdackd
l%ufhys wdfhdack yd re'ñ' 1"168'31 la jQ jd◊c
nexl=j, w;ay, foam< ;=<ska lrk ,o wdfhdack
mej¯fuka fuu ;ekam;= rlaIK wruqo, msysgqjd
we;' 2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg tu wruqof,a m%udKh
re' ì,shk 34'30 la ^;djld,sl& jk w;r" ±kg fuu
wruqof,ka ;ekam;= ysñfhl=g f.jk jka† uqo,a
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
m%udKh tla uQ,H wdh;khla i|yd re'ñ' 0'30 la
fyda úfoaY úksuh ;ekam;= i|yd Bg iudk uqo,ls'
jka† f.ùu nexl=fõ fyda uqo,a uKav,fha j.lSula
fkdjk w;r ;ekam;a wruqo, úiska tfia f.úh hq;=
uqΩ jka† uqo,a m%udKh ;ekam;a wruqof,a wjir,;a
Kh iy tl;= ù we;s jd˙l uqo,a o we;=Ωj ;ekam;=
rlaIK wruqof,ys /ia ù we;s" mj;akd uqo,a m%udKhg
iSud úh hq;=h' ke;fyd;a wjir,;a Kh .ekSï yd
,enqKq ∞hl uqo,aj,ska ;ekam;= rlaIK wruqo,
by< ±ñh yelsh' wruqof,a nerg we;s uqo,a m%udKh
blaujd hk lsis≥ j.lSulg uqo,a uKav,h yd
nexl=j j.lshkq fkd,efí'
fhdackd l%ufha fufyhqï yd l<ukdlrK lghq;=
nexl= wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ msysgqjd we;s tallh
u.ska is≥lrk w;r nexl=fõ uQ,H m%ldYkj,ska
fjkajQ fmd;a yd .sKqï mj;ajdf.k hkq ,efí'
ú.Kkh Ndrj ú.Kldêm;s lghq;= lrhs'
fuu fhdackd l%uh iy wruqo, 2013 fkdjeïnr®
22 jk †k isg ms<sfj,ska §Y%S ,xld ;ekam;=
rlaIK yd øjYS,;d wdOdrl fhdackd l%uh¶ iy
§Y%S ,xld ;ekam;= rlaIK yd øjYS,;d wdOdrl
wruqo,¶ f,i kï lrk ,°'
b& ,shdm†xÑ uQ,H iud.ï úêu;a ls¯u yd iqm¯laIK
lghq;=" uqo,a uKav,h úiska mjrd we;s n,;,
m%ldrj" nexl=j úiska is≥lrhs' tfia l%shdls¯fï °
wdrlaIs; l%shdudr®.hla f,i tu iajYla;s;djhka
fkdue;s yd nqkaj;a jQ uQ,H iud.ïj, j.lsjhq;=
mqoa.,hka f.a j;alï uqo,a uKav,h fj; mjrd.ekSu
o lrkq ,nhs'
B& nexl= wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI úiska
ksl=;a lrk ,o pl%f,aLkh wkqj" lDIsldr®ñl lghq;=
i|yd uqΩ w;a;sldrïj,ska 10] l wjuh mj;ajdf.k
fkdue;s nexl= tu ysÛ uqo, YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j ^m%d'ix'fo'& úiska
mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk m%;suQ,H wruqo,g ∞hl l<
hq;= fõ' m%d'ix'fo' tfia tl;= l< uqo,a m%dfoaYSh
ixjr®Ok nexl=j" ,xld mq;% ixjr®Ok nexl=j" ,xld
nexl=j iy uyck nexl=j ;=<ska lDIsldr®ñl lghq;=
i|yd §úialï¶ m%;suQ,H l%uh hgf;a m%;suQ,H
myiqlï imhkq ,efí' 2016 foieïnr® 31 †kg tfia
/ial< uqΩ uqo, re'ñ' 554'26 ^2015 - re'ñ' 40'11& ls'
jr®Ih wjika †k jk úg m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomd'
úiska re' ñ' 64'48 ^2015 re'ñ' 200'45& uqo,l Kh
,nd ° we;s w;r tu.ska re' ñ' 97'36 fmd<S wd∞hula
Wmhk ,°' ;jo re'ñ' 193'86 ^2015 re'ñ' 188'18& la tu
wdfhdackj, wd∞hu f,i Wmhd we;'
W& nexl=fõ uqo,a uKav,h fjkqfjka" m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok
fomdr®;fïka;=j" úfoaYSh ∞hlhkaf.a yd YS% ,xld
rch wruqo,a imhk jHdmD;s i`oyd YS% ,xld rcfha
úfYaIs; ksfhda‚;fhl= f,i lghq;= lrhs' ;j o
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j úiska wruqo,a imhk jHdmD;so ls%hdjg
kexùu bgq lrhs'
II fldgi - 59
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

ksulr wjika jHdmD;s

jHdmD;sfha ku uqΩ wruqo,a fjka Kh uqof,a iyNd.s;aj jeo.;a ,laIK j.lSï fmd≥ úfYaI
ls¯u wruqK uQ,H wdh;k yd fldkafoais fldkafoais
^ñ,shk& i|yd m%;suQ,H iy;sl
m%;smdok ùï
^remsh,a
ñ,shk&
f;a ixjr®Ok we' fvd,r® 24'50 l=vd m˙udK f;a j;= 2"550'90
jHdmD;sh ysñhkaf.a wd∞hu
jeäls¯u yd jHdmD;s
l,dmj, iajNdúl m˙irh
ixjr®Okh
fojk nyqjdr®Isl ú' .e' ys' 11'56 nyq jdr®Isl fNda. wxYh 1"453'11
fNda. ixjr®Ok jd◊cHlrKh" ksIamdok
jHdmD;sh jeä †hqKq ls¯u" ;jdkaa
ixjr®Okh" miq wiajkq
md,kh" ieliSu yd
wf,úlrKh
jeú,s wxYh we' fvd,r® 40'00 Y%S ,xldfõ fNda. 5"200'00
m%;sixialrK lr®udka;fha fNda. wkq
jHdmD;sh wxY j, m%;sm;a;s yd
wdh;kuh m%;sixialrK
j,g iydh °u" ksIamdokh
yd ,dN∞hs;ajh jeä†hqKq
ls¯u" ;r`.ld¯ jdish
mj;ajd .ekSu

iqiyk uQ,H yd remsh,a 352'69 iqkdñfhka n,mEug 351'06

l,an≥ iud.u ,lajQ jHdmdrhka kej;
k.d isgqùu
l=vd jHdmdr k.d remsh,a 2"656'00 iqkdñfhka n,mEug 2"663'40
isgqùfï jevigyk ,lajQ l=vd uOH m˙udK
jHdmdrhka kej; k.d
isgqùu i|yd Kh myiqlï
,nd °u kshñ; oskg
l=vd jHdmdr remsh,a 150'00 iqkdñh u.ska n,mEug 122'72 iyNd.S;aj uQ,H
k`.d isgqùfï ,lajQ l=vd yd uOH m˙udK wdh;kj,ska
jevigyk - jHdmdrhka kej; wdrïN m%;suQ,H tla/ia
pls%h wruqo, lsrSu i|yd Kh myiqlï ls¯u iy
,nd °u wjidkfha°
yelshd ixjr®Ok remsh,a 94'31 .=K;ajfhka wkqk Y%u 94'59 ksfhdacH
jHdmD;sh n,ldhla ìys ls¯u NdKavd.dr f,alï
i|yd wjYH yelshd fj; udre ls¯u
mqyqKq jevigyka j,
wod,;ajh iy .=K;ajh
jeä†hqKq ls¯u yd yelshd
fkd.e,mSï wduka;%Kh
ls¯u
kd.˙l md˙i˙l we'fvd,r® 4'00 kd.˙l yd wr®O kd.˙l 369'15
há;, myiqlï m%foaYj, „j;a jk
ixjr®Ok jHdmD;sh ck;djf.a md˙i˙l
fi!LH yd ikSmdrCIl
myiqlï jr®Okh ls¯u
wvq wd∞hï ksjdi we' fvd,r® 25'00 rfÜ wvq wdodhï,dNS 1"362'00
fijK Kh ck;djg ksjdi
wemlr jHdmD;sh f.dvke.Su w`M;ajeähdj
iy Tjqkaf.a jdiia:dk
jHdma; ls¯ug wdOdr ls¯u'
kd.rsl ixjr®Ok ú'.e'ys 15'10 wvq wdodhï l=gqïN j, 1"915'76
wvq wdodhï ksjdi ksjdi ixjr®Okhg wdOdr
jHdmD;sh ls¯ula jYfhka m%d.aOkh
imhd oSu
jhU m,d;a we' fvd,r® 1'80 jHdmD;sh ls%hd;aul jk 102'76
c,iïm;a m%foaYj, ñksiqkaf.a
ixjr®Ok jHdmD;sh wdr®:ßl" iud„h yd
fmdaIK Y=N idOkh jeä
†hqKq ls¯u'
ud;f,a m%dfoaYSh ú'.e'ys 2'00 l=vd jHjidhlhskaf.a 249'06
wdr®:ßlh jeäoshqKq wd∞hï jr®Okh yd ia:ßr
lsrSfï jHdmD;sh ls¯u

II fldgi - 60 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

rg ueo nyq jdr®Isl ú' .e' ys' 11'56 rg ueo nyqjdr®Isl fNda. 642'00
fNda. ixjr®Ok ksIamdokh k.d isgqùug
jHdmD;sh Kh myiqlï ie,iSu
lDIsldr®ñl ú' .e' ys' 17'05 isú,a wr®nqo j, n,mEug 843'00
mqkre;a:dmk ,lajQ W;=re kef.kysr
jHdmD;sh' m<d;a yd udhsï osia;s%lal
my ;=< mj;sk ñksia cSú;
yd foam, kej; k.d
isgqùu
l=vd f;a j;= we' fvd,r® 12'60 l=vd f;a j;= ysñhka 645'93
ysñhka ixjr®Ok ixjr®Okh ls¯u yd
jHdmD;s f;a j;= myiqlï
mqkre;a:dmkh ls¯u
os<sª nj msgqoelSfï cmka fhka 1"368'00 wdodhï W;amdok 1"402'45
CIqø uQ,H jHdmD;sh ls%hdldrlï i|yd úêu;a
f,i Kh fhduq ls¯ug
M,odhS Kh fnodye¯fï
hdka;%Khla we;s ls¯u
bvï wysñ l=vd we' fvd,r® 17'40 wvq wdodhï ,nkakka 345'69
m˙udK f.dú Kh i|yd /lshd W;amdokh
jHdmD;sh ls¯ug;a" b;srsls¯fï
mqre≥ jr®Okhg;a ms˙jeh
M,odhS iy Yla;su;a laIqø
Kh fnoeye¯fï l%uhla
ia:dms; ls¯u
lE.,a, ifudaOdk ú' .e' ys' 1'50 wdodhï W;amdok 148'00
.%dóh ixjr®Ok ls%hdldrlï i|yd wkq.%yh
jHdmD;sh ,nd°u u.ska jHdmD;sh
ls%hd;aul m%foaY j,
ñksiqkaf.a cSjk ;;a;ajh
k.d isgqùu
ol=Kq m<d;a .%dóh ú' .e' ys' 27'90 ol=Kq m<d;a ñksiqkaf.a 564'00
ixjr®Ok jHdmD;sh cSjk ;;a;ajh Wiia ls¯u
EIB .súiqï B hQfrda 10'00 iqkdñ u.ska iDcq n,mEug 1"553'27
,lajQ l=vd yd uOH
m˙udK jHjidhka kej;
k.d isgqùu
iQiyk Kh remsh,a 3"000'00 iqkdñfhka ydks jQ laIqø" 2"750'00
fhdackd l%uh l=vd yd uOH mrsudK iyNd.S;aj uQ,H
jHdmdr m%;sixialrKh wdh;k úiska
ls¯u i|yd Kh myiqlï kej; whlr.;a
m%;smdokh wruqo,a
iqiyk w†hr II remsh,a 500'00 iqkdñfhka ydks jQ laIqø" 105'54 kshñ; †kg
l=vd yd uOH m˙udK uQ,H lghq;=
jHjidhka m%;sia:dmkh fomdr®;fïka;j= g
ls¯u i|yd Kh myiqlï udre l< hq;=h'
m%;smdokh
msìfok W;=r remsh,a 2'000'00 W;=re m<d; ;=< 2'000'00
lDIsldr®ñl" mY= iïm;a"
laIqø yd l=vd jHdmdr
i|yd Kh myiqlï °r®> iyNd.S;aj uQ,H
ls¯u wdh;k úiska
kej; whlr.;a
kef.kysr remsh,a 1"000'00 kef.kysr m<d; ;=, 1"000'00
wruqo,a kshñ;
m<d; ;=< jQ l=vd yd uOH m˙udK
†kg m%dfoaYSh
wdr®:ßl lghq;= jHdmdr i|yd Kh my-
ixjr®Ok
mqkrdrïNh iqlï m%odkh ls¯u
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
msìfok W;=r remsh,a 2,154.25 W;=re m<d; ;=< 2"361'00 wod, .sKqïj,g
w†hr II lDIsldr®ñl" mY= iïm;a" udre ls¯ï
laIqø yd l=vd jHdmdr
i`oyd Kh myiqlï
°r®> ls¯u
fojk nyqjdr®Isl remsh,a 1,200.00 rg ;=< nyqjdr®Isl 1"199'82
fNda. ixjr®Ok fNda. wxYhg Kh
jHdmD;s - pl%Sh myiqlï imhd °u
wruqo,

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 61

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

ud;f,a m%dfoaYSh remsh,a 77.00 .%dóh f.dú mjq,aj, 77.00

wdr®:ßlh wd∞hï jr®Okh" f.dú
jeä†hqKq ls¯fï fkdjk jHjidh
- pl%Sh wruqo, ixjr®Okh i|yd uOH
m˙udK jHjidhl;aj
wruqo,a iïmdokh yd
tu †ia;%slalfha mj;akd
jHdmD;s m%idrKh
inr.uq remsh,a 100.00 inr.uq m<df;a kj 100.00
m<d;a .%dóh wd∞hï W;amdok
idfudaOdksl l%shdldrlï wdrïN
ixjr®Ok ls¯u yd jeä †hqKq
jHdmD;sh - pl%Sh ls¯u
wruqo,
b†ls¯ï wxYh hQfrda 9.00 miq iqkdñ m%;sixialrK 1,399.73
ixjr®Okh lghq;= hgf;a b†ls¯fï
ls¯fï jHdmD;sh yd uyck lghq;=j,g
il%Shj iyNd.S ùu
i|yd foaYSh fm!oa'
jHdmdrj, uQ,H yd
;dlaI◊l YlH;d
Yla;su;a ls¯u'
inr.uq remsh,a 70.00 inr.uq m<df;a kj 70.00
m<d;a .%dóh wd∞hï l%shdldrlï
ifudaOdksl wdrïN ls¯u yd jeä
ixjr®Ok †hqKq ls¯u
jHdmD;sh
^w†hr II&
miq iqkdñ ú'.e'ys 2.09 iqkdñfha n,mEug ,la 190.77
fjr<nv jQ ck;djf.a j;alï
mqkre;a:dmk kej; f.dvkxjd
iïm;a .ekSu" Tjqkaf.a ffoksl
l<uKdlrK wdr®:ßl lghq;= i|yd
jHdmD;sh moku ±óu yd wd∞hu
W;amdok udr®.
úúOdx.SlrKh ls¯u
i|yd iydh °u'
†<s`≥lu cmka fhka 2,381.00 jHdmD;s m%foaYfha isák 3,213.20
msgq±lSfï CIø udisl wd∞hu remsh,a
uQ,H jHdmD;sh II 15"000 g jvd wvq
^m%fndaêkS& mjq,aj, „jk ;;a;ajh
jr®Okh ls¯u'
iajhx /lshd remsh,a 250.00 rg;=< ms<s.;a jD;a;Sh 232.39
m%jr®Ok uQ,sl mqyqKq wdh;kj,ska
Kh fhdackd iu;a mqyqKq ;reK
l%uh ;re◊hkag iajhx
/lshd jHdmD;s
f.dvk.d .ekSug uQ,H
iykdOdr iemhSu'
úialï remsh,a 1,325.60 wdfhdack i|yd Kh 881.00 iyNd.S;aj nexl=
^lDIsldr®ñl ,nd .ekSfï yelshdj úiska wksjdr®h
wxYh ixjr®Okh ;yjqre lr .ekSu" wjYH;d
i|yd jQ úfYaI úúOdx.SlrKh iy iïmQr®K l<
Kh fhdackd jd◊c lDIs jHdmdr miq wruqo,a
l%uh& l%shdldrlï jeä†hqKq kej; ,nd°u
ls¯u is≥lrhs'
m<d;ano remsh,a 2,900.00 rg ;=< l=vd yd uOH 2,900.00 iyNd.S;aj uQ,H
ixjr®Ok Kh m˙udK jHjidhl wdh;k úiska
fhdackd l%uh wxYfha uOH yd †.=ld,Sk kej; whlr.;a
jHdmD;s i|yd Kh wruqo,a
myiqlï ie,iSu kshñ; †kg
uQ,H lghq;=
fomdr®;fïka;=j
fj; udre l,
hq;=h'

II fldgi - 62 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

úh,s l,dmSh remsh,a 252.95 wkqrdOmqr" fudKrd.," 252.95

„jfkdamdh yd l=reKE., yd n≥,a,
yjq,aùfï Kh †ia;%slalj, wd∞hu
iyk jevigyk ckkh jk l%shdldrlï
i|yd myiqlï iemhSu
kef.kysr remsh,a 1,078.27 kef.kysr m<d; ;=< 1,000.00
m<d; ;=< lDIsldr®ñl yd mY=
wdr®:ßl lghq;= iïm;a CIqø jHdmdr yd
mqkrdrïNh - l=vd jHdmdr i|yd Kh
w†hr II myiqlï °r®> ls¯u' iyNd.S;aj uQ,H
kef.kysr remsh,a 1,000.00 kef.kysr m<d; ;=< 1,428.47 wdh;k úiska
m<d; ;=< lDIsldr®ñl mY= iïm;a kej; whlr.;a
wdr®:ßl lghq;= laIqø jHdmdr yd l=vd wruqo,a
mqkrdrïNh - jHdmdr hk wxY i|yd kshñ; †kg
w†hr III Kh myiqlï °r®> ls¯u' uQ,H lghq;=
fomdr®;fïka;=j
W;=re yd remsh,a 600.00 .egqï mej;s ld, iSud 600.00 fj; udre l,
kef.kysr ;=< kef.kysr yd W;=re hq;=h'
ydks jQ ksjdi m<d;aj, ydkshg m;a jQ
m%;sixialrKh ksjdi m%;sixialrKh
ls¯fï i|yd Kh myiqlï
jevigyk iemhSu
cd;sl lDIs we' fvd,r® 32.90 fjf<|fmd< 113.13
jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jákdlï∞u ;=< isg
jevigyk m%fhdack,dNSkaf.a
wd∞hï by< kexùu
u.ska iqΩ bvï ysñ
ksIamdolhska yd bvï
wysñ jQjka" úfYaIfhka
fh!jkhkag wruqo,a
imhd°u yd wd∞hï by<
kexùu

bÈßhg hk jHdmD;s
jHdmD;sfha ku uqΩ wruqo,a Kh uqof,a iyNd.s;aj jeo.;a ,laIK j.lSï yd fmd≥ úfYaI
fjka ls¯u wruqK uQ,H wdh;k iy;sl fldkafoais fldkafoais
^ñ,shk& i|yd m%;suQ,H ùï
m%;smdok
^remsh,a ñ,shk&
f;a ixjr®Ok remsh,a 1"100'00 f;a wxYh ixjr®Okh ioyd 964'87
jHdmD;sh - pl%Sh Kh myiqlï imhd°u'
wruqo,
l=vd m˙udK jeú,s ú'.e'ys 2'60 kqjr t<sh" uykqjr" lE.e,a," 487'66
jHjidhlhska fudKrd., †ia;%slj, wvq wod, ishÆu
ixjr®Okh ls˙fï wdohï ,dNSkaf.a „jk ;;ajh mdr®Yajhkaf.a
jHdmD;sh Wiia ls¯u' tl`.;djh
†<s≥lu msgq±lSfï CIqø remsh,a 2"764'84 jHdmD;s m%foaYfha isák udisl 5"646'90 fkdue;sj
uq,H jHdmD;sh II pl%Sh wd∞hu re' 15"000 g jvd wvq uQ,H .súiqïj,
wruqo, ^m%fndaêkS& mjq,aj, „jk ;;ajh jr®Okh m%ldYk whs;sjdislï
ls¯u' j.lSï yd
ndysr yd ne£ï"
cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr remsh,a 743'00 f;dard.;a jHdmD;s m%foaYj, 730'70 iy;slùï
ú.Klhska mej¯ï fyda
ixjr®Ok CIqø uQ,H †<s`≥ ck;djf.a wd∞hï iy ke;
iyNd.S;aj uQ,H ú.Kkh ixfYdaOkh
jevigyk iudc ;;a;ajh jr®Okh ls¯u' l< hq;=h' fyda wfydais
wdh;k úiska
(NADeP) ls¯u fyda
kej; whlr.;a
NADeP ys fldka;%d;a remsh,a 469'00 lDIs ksIamdokfha ksIamdokh" - wruqo,a kshñ; †kg w;yer ±óu
f.dùkaf.a Kh M,∞hS;djh" .=K;ajh iy m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok is≥lrkq
fhdackd l%uh w.h tl;= ls¯ï jeä ls¯u' fomdr®;fïka;=fõ fkd,efí'
hgf;a we;s w.h ∞u
wod, .sKqïj,g
ixjr®Ok m%d.aOk
lDIsldr®ñl Kh udre ls¯ï
fhdackd l%uh

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 63

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

NADeP ys fldka;%d;a remsh,a 154'10 lDIs ksIamdokfha ksIamdokh" -

f.dùkaf.a Kh M,∞hS;djh" .=K;ajh iy
fhdackd l%uh w.h tl;= ls¯ï jeä ls¯u'
hgf;a we;s w.h ∞u iyNd.S;aj uQ,H
ixjr®Ok iD;=uh wdh;k úiska
lDIsldr®ñl Kh kej; whlr.;a
fhdackd l%uh
wruqo,a kshñ; †kg
;reK †˙h NADeP remsh,a 225'00 l=vd jHdmdr iy wfkl=;a 19'60
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok
wdldrfha jHjidhl;aj
iajhx /lshd jHdmD;s i`oyd fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
Kh myiqlï iemhSu wod, .sKqïj,g
;=<ska .%dóhuÜgfï †,s`≥ udre ls¯ï
fh!jkhkaf.a „jfkdamdh
jr®Okh ls¯u i`oyd Wmld¯
wod, ishÆu
ùu'
iqΩ f.dúhka yd bvï remsh,a 345'69 iqΩ m˙udK f.dùkaf.a 1"542'69 mdr®Yajhkaf.a
wysñ jQjka i|yd jk lDIsldr®ñl ksIamdok fõ.h tl`.;djh
Kh jHdmD;sh - pl%Sh jeä†hqKq ls¯u iy iqΩ fkdue;sj
wruqo, m˙udK j.d fkdjk .%dóh uQ,H .súiqïj,
jHjidhka ia:dmkh ls¯u' m%ldYk whs;sjdislï
j.lSï yd
ndysr yd ne£ï"
úh,s l,dmSh remsh,a 252'90 wkqrdOmqr" fudKrd.," 252'49 iy;slùï
ú.Klhska mej¯ï fyda
„jfkdamdh iydhùfï l=reKE., iy n≥,a, ke;
yd yjq,aùfï Kh †ia;%slalhkays wd∞hï ckkh ú.Kkh ixfYdaOkh
jevigyk - pl%Sh lrkq ,nk l%shdldrlï i|yd l< hq;=h' fyda wfydais
wruqo, myiqlï iemhSu' ls¯u fyda
†<s≥lu msgq±lsfï CIqø remsh,a 1"031'28 wvq wd∞hï,dNS mjq,aj, 3"752'96 w;yer ±óu
uq,H jHdmD;sh - pl%Sh wdr®:ßl ;;ajh Yla;su;a ls¯u' is≥lrkq
wruqo, fkd,efí'
fi!Nd.Hd Kh remsh,a 18"890'89 laIqø l=vd yd uOH m˙udK 18"890'89
fhdackd l%uh jHjidhka yd ydks jQ laIqø"
l=vd yd uOH m˙udK
jHjidhka hk wxY ioyd Kh
myiqlï °r®> ls¯u'
iajhx /lshd W;amdok remsh,a 75'00 National Vocational Qualification 74'90
uQ,drïNl Kh (NVQ) ys iy;slm;% fyda
woshr II ämaf,daud mdGud,djka
iïmQr®K lrk ,o mqyqKq
;reK ;re◊hkag iajhx
/lshd jHdmD;s f.dvk.d
.ekSug uQ,H iykdOdr
iemhSu'

51' wfkl=;a wdh;k fj; we;s ne`†hdj
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska l%shd;aul
lrkq ,nk iqiyk" iqiyk w†hr II" m<d;a ixjr®Ok
Kh l%uh" fi!Nd.Hd Kh l%uh" msìfok W;=r Kh
l%uh ^w†hr II&" kef.kysr m<d; ;=< wdr®:ßl lghq;=
m%;sYaGdmkh lss¯fï w†hr II iy W;=re yd kef.kysr
ydks jQ ksjdi m%;sixialrKh ls¯fï jeviygk i|yd
nexl=j úiska wruqo,a imhd we;s w;r tys m%d.aOk fYaIh
yd ys`. fmd,S nexl=fõ j;alï f,i jdr®;d lr we;s w;r
wd∞hu nexl=fõ wd∞hu f,i i,ld we;'
;jo" Y%s ,xld rch úiska wruqo,a imhk" m%foaYSh
ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska fufyhjk we;eï
jHmD;sj, m˙md,k úhoï wdjrKh fjkqfjka nexl=j
úiska m%ldYs; m%;sY;hla ,nd .kS'
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska l%shd;aul
lrk jHdmD;s i`oyd jQ nexl=j úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o Kh
wemlr u; yg.;a wiïNdjH j.lSï igyka wxl 49'2 ys
fy<sorõ lr we;'
52' fYaI m;% †kg miq we;s jq is≥ùï
uq,H m%ldYkj,g .e,mSula fyda fy<sorõ ls˙ula wjYH
jk lsis≥ m%udKd;aul is≥ùula fYAI m;% †kg miq we;s
fkdùh'

II fldgi - 64 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi
2' nexl= wëlaIK
nexl= wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j nexl=j, wLKav
wëlaIK iy ld,Sk m¯laIK lghq;= is≥ls¯u i|yd
úfYaI n,;, iy ldr®hhka iys;j" uqo,a kS;s mkf;ys
28 jeks j.ka;sh hgf;a msysgqjkq ,eì◊' fuhg wu;rj"
nexl= kshdukh iy wëlaIKh" 1988 wxl 30 ork
ixfYdaê; nexl= mkf;ys úêúOdk u.ska o md,kh fõ'
;jo" nexl= moaO;sfha Yla;su;aNdjh ;yjqre ls¯u i|yd
n,m;%,dNS nexl=j, jHdmdr lghq;= iïnkaOfhka
úplaIKYS,S úOdk ksl=;a ls¯ug uqo,a uKav,hg n,;,
mej¯ we;' ishÆu n,m;%,dNS nexl= uqo,a uKav,h úiska
ksl=;a lrk fuu úplaIKYS,S úOdk iy udr®f.damfoaY
iu`. wkql+,ùu wksjdr®hh fõ'
úplaIKYS,S úOdkhka iy uqo,a uKav,h úiska ksl=;a
lrk wkque;Ska flgqïm;a ls¯u iy ksl=;a ls¯u"
wLKav wëlaIK lghq;= iy ld,Sk m¯laId is≥ls¯u iy
Y%S ,xld ;ekam;= rlaIK iy øjYS,;d wdOdrl fhdackd
l%ufhys m˙md,k lghq;= is≥ls¯u nexl= wëlaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=fjys uQ,sl ldr®hhka fõ' fuhg wu;rj"
nexl= wxYhg iïnkaO ±kqj;a ls¯ï iy nexl= wxYfha
YlH;d jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd jk l%shdldrlï lsysmhl o
nexl= wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j ksr; úh' uqo,a kS;s
mkf;ys iy nexl= mkf;ys kshdukhg iy wëlaIKhg
hg;a n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= 25 la iy n,m;%,dNS
úfYaIs; nexl= 7 la 2016 jir wjika jkúg mej;=◊'
fuu nexl=j, kdu f,aLkhla II-1 weuqKqfuys wka;r®.;
fõ'
nexl= wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska 2016 jir ;=<°
is≥l< m%Odk ldr®hhka iy l%shdldrlïj, idrdxYhla
my; olajd we;'
2'1 úplaIKYS,S úOdk ksl=;a lsÍu
nexl= wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o
úplaIKYS,S úOdkhka fuu jdr®;dfõ III fldgfiys
olajd we;' ta w;˙ka m%Odk úplaIKYS,S úOdkhka ms<sn|
idrdxYhla my; olajd we;'
^w& ihsnr® wdrlaIK wjodkï wjia:d ms<sn|j jdr®;d
ls¯u
2016 ckjd˙ ui isg l%shd;aul jk m˙†" ishÆu
n,m;%,dNS nexl=j, is≥jk ihsnr® wdrlaIK
wj∞kï wjia:djka y∫kd .ekSfuka miq †kla ;=<
° iy ldr®;=uh jYfhka tu wj∞kï wjia:djka
nexl= wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=jg jdr®;d l< hq;=
fõ'
^wd& fmd,S wkqmd;sl" úksuh wkqmd;sl" fiajd .dia;="
whls¯ï iy fldñia uqo,a m%or®Ykh ls¯u
ishÆu n,m;%,dNS nexl= úiska zz,xld fiÜ,aZZ
(LankaSettle) moaO;sh" Y%S ,xld wka;r® nexl= f.ùï
moaO;sh (SLIPS) iy úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯fï fmd≥
hdka;%Kh (CEFTs) yryd is≥flfrk wruqo,a yqjudre
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
ls¯ï i|yd md˙fNda.slhkaf.ka whlr .kakd
fiajd .dia;=" ishÆu nexl= YdLd iy fjí wvúj,
m%or®Ykh l< hq;=h' fuu wjYH;djh ishÆu nexl=
úiska ;u ;ekam;= yd Kh °fï fmd,S wkqmd;sl"
úksuh wkqmd;sl yd wfkl=;a fiajd .dia;=" fldñia
wd†h o m%or®Ykh l< hq;= njg óg fmr ksl=;a l<
pl%f,aLhg wu;rj ksl=;a lrk ,°'
^we& jdr®Isl n,m;% .dia;=
n,m;%,dNS nexl= úiska iïu; jr®I 2017 i|yd
f.úh hq;= jdr®Isl n,m;% .dia;=" 2016 jr®Ih
wjidkfha° ta ta nexl=j, mej;s uqΩ j;alï m%udK
mokï fldg ksr®Kh lrk ,°'
^wE& oaú;ShSl fjf<|fmd< ;=< rcfha iq/l=ïm;a
fjf<πu iy jdr®;dlrKh
n,m;%,dNS nexl= úiska oaú;ShSl fjf<|fmd< ;=<
rcfha iq/l=ïm;a fjf<πu is≥ls¯fï° Y%S ,xldj
i|yd ksr®udKh l< í¨ïnr®.a (Bloomberg Trading
Platform) .kqfokq moaO;sh fhd∞.; hq;= nj kshu
fl˙◊' rcfha iq/l=ïm;a oaú;ShSl fjf<|fmd<
fjf<πï ùu m%p,s; ls¯u i|yd fuu pl%f,aLh
rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j iu`. taldnoaOj ksl=;a
lrk ,°'
^b& ndi,a III hgf;a m%d.aOk wjYH;d
2017 cQ,s ui 01 jeks †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† iEu
n,m;%,dNS nexl=jla úiskau" jvd Yla;su;a nexl= iy
nexl= moaO;shla i|yd jk ndi,a III f.da,Sh kshduk
rduqjg wkql+,j wj∞kï wkqj nr ;nk ,o" uqΩ
j;alï u; wju m%d.aOk wkqmd; mj;ajd.; hq;=h'
fï wkqj remsh,a ì,shk 500 g jeä j;alï iys;
nexl= i|yd wju m%d.aOk wkqmd;h ishhg 11'75 isg
ishhg 14 olajd;a" remsh,a ì,shk 500 g wvq j;alï
iys; nexl= i|yd wju m%d.aOk wkqmd;h ishhg
11'25 isg ishhg 12'50 olajd;a" 2019 ckjd˙ ui 01
jeks †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† by< kexfõ'
2'2 uqo,a uKav,h úiska fok ,o wkque;Ska
^w& nexl= YdLd iy wfkl=;a nexl= tall
jir ;=< ° kj nexl= YdLd 67 la" isiq b;=reï tall
51 la iy cx.u nexl= tall 3 la újD; ls¯u" nexl=
YdLd 97 la m%;sia:dmkh iy iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;%
146 la ia:dmkh ls¯u i|yd wkque;sh ,nd° we;'
ldr®hlaIu nexl= fiajdjla ,nd°u i|yd 2016 jir
wjidkh jkúg nexl= wxYh" nexl= YdLd 3"614 lska"
isiq b;=reï tall 3"045 lska iy iajhxl%Sh fg,r®
hka;% 3"843 lska o iukaú; úh' tfukau jir
;=< °" tla n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jl m˙md,s;
iud.ula ud,†jhska ckrcfhys ia:dms; ls¯ug o"
;j;a n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jl YdLdjla
nx.a,dfoaYfhys ia:dms; ls¯ug iy laIqø uQ,H
lghq;= i|yd nexl= m˙md,s; iud.ula ñhkaudrfhys
ia:dms; ls¯ug wkque;sh ,ndfok ,°'
II fldgi - 65
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

^wd& fjk;a kshduk wkque;Ska II-1 ixLHd igyk

wju m%d.aOk wjYH;d i|yd fojeks ia:r nexl= wxYfhys m%jK;d

m%d.aOk ixhq;sh .Kkh ls¯fï° Khlr we;=<;a 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
ls¯ug nexl= 7 la i|yd wkque;sh ,nd≥ka w;r" nexl= nexl= wxYfhys or®Yl ^re' ì,shk&
6 la i|yd úfoaY Kh ,nd.ekSfï° kshduk iSudjka uqΩ j;alï 6"972 8"077 9"047
blaujd hdug wkque;sh ,ndfok ,°' tfukau"
uqΩ Kh yd w;a;sldrï 3"895 4"715 5"541
nexl= 3 la i|yd fldgia ysñlï m%udKd;aul whs;sh
i|yd;a" nexl= 4 la i|yd Wm˙u Kh iSudj i|yd;a uqΩ wdfhdack 1"953 2"368 2"291
kshduk iSudjka blaujd hdug wkque;sh ,ndfok uqΩ ;ekam;= 4"686 5"403 6"296
,°' uqΩ Kh .ekSï 1"448 1"758 1"696
m%d.aOk wruqo,a 568 637 707
2'3 ksrka;r iqmÍlaIK isÿ lsÍu
Y=oaO ,dNh ^n≥ miq& 88 97 116
^w& ksrka;r iqm¯laIKh hkq iuia; nexl= moaO;sfhys nexl= YdLd ixLHdj 3"546 3"549 3"614
fufyhqï ldr®hlaIu;djh yd †.=ld,Sk ia:dhS;djh
iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% ixLHdj 3"276 3"477 3"843
ksr®Kh ls¯fuys,d l,awe;sj wk;=re we`.ùfï
l%ufõohla f,i fiajh imhkakd jQ iy wjYH úplaIK wkqmd; ^m%;sY;hla f,i&
wjia:djkays° ksjer† ls¯fï l%shdudr®. l%shd;aul uqΩ m%d.aOk m%udKd;au;d wkqmd;h 16'6 15'4 14'3
ls¯fuys yelshdj we;s nexl=j, jevlghq;= ms<sn| jHjia:dms; øjYS, j;alï wkqmd;h 39'5 33'9 30'0
ks¯laIKh ls¯u i|yd mj;akd l%ufõoh fõ' wl%Sh Kh wkqmd;h ^o<& 4'2 3'2 2'6
^wd& úfYaIs; j;alï fyda j.lSï nqnqΩ (bubbles) yd ysñlï u; m%;s,dN ^n≥ miq& 16'6 16'2 17'3
nexl= moaO;sfhys fyda tla nexl=jl is≥jkakd jQ Kh j;alï u; m%;s,dN ^n≥ miq& 1'4 1'3 1'4
ixflakaøKhka l,awe;sj wkdjrKh lr .ekSu ^w& ixfYdaê; ^wd& ;djld,sl
i|yd" by<u idx.ñl .kqfokqlrejka 20 fokd
fj; ksrdjrKh ù we;s m%udKh" ksfhda‚; wdh;k"
2'4 ld,Sk mÍlaIK isÿ lsÍu
wdY%s; iud.ï" wfkl=;a wdfhda‚; tallhka" by<u
iuQy .kqfokqlrejka 20 fokd i|yd iy b†ls¯ï ^w& miq.sh jifr® isg b†˙hg f.k wd m¯laIK
wxYh i|yd ksrdjrKh ù we;s m%udKh hk wxYhka 12 la o we;=Ωj" 2016 jifr®° nexl= wëlaIK
hgf;a ksrka;r ks¯laIKhka is≥ls¯u yd jdr®;d fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska m¯laIK 44 la is≥lrk ,°'
ms<sfh, ls¯u jr®Ih ;=< ° is≥lrk ,°' 2016 jir ;=< °" w∞< nexl=j, l<ukdld˙;ajh
^we& fjí wvú mdol lr.;a (web-based) µskafkÜ iu`. úêu;a idlÉPdjkays ksr; ùfuka iy uqo,a
moaO;sh yryd nexl= úiska l,ska l,g b†˙m;a l< uKav,h fj; w∞< jdr®;d fhduq ls¯fuka wk;=rej"
uQ,H iy ldr®hidOk f;dr;=re mokï lr .ksñka nexl=j, jHjia:dms; m¯laIK 38 la wjika flrekq
wLKav wëlaIK lghq;= is≥fl˙◊' wdikak w;r" m¯laIK 06 l lghq;= wjika fjñka mej;=◊'
jYfhka tla nexl=jla i|yd uQ,H iy úplaIKYS,S fuu m¯laIKj,° y∫kd.;a m%Odk lreKq f,i
f;dr;=re we;=<;a" jHjia:dms; jdr®;d 30 la muK wvq ldr®hlaIu;dj" wdh;ksl hymd,kh ms<sn|
udislj$ldr®;=uh jYfhka fuu µskafkÜ moaO;sh ≥r®j,;djhka" moaO;s iy md,k ≥r®j,;djhka" wl%Sh
fj; imhkq ,efí' fuu jr®Ih ;=<° tla tla Kh y`≥kd.ekSï" fnd,a yd wvudK Kh fjkals¯fï
nexl= YdLd jHdma;sh yd ldr®hidOkh jdr®;d ls¯ug iy wkd.; Kh fkdmshùfï wj∞kï wvqfjka
ixfYdaê; µskafkÜ jdr®;djla y∫kajdfok ,°' jvd ;lafiare ls¯u hk ≥r®j,;djhka we;=<;a úh'
hym;a jdr®;d ckkh ls¯u i|yd myiqlï iemhSug
f;dr;=re ;dlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ Wmfoia fuhg wu;rj" úplaIK iajNdjfha úfYaI
,nd.ksñka nexl= wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ o;a; lreKq i|yd iSñ; úIh m:hlska hq;=
iuQyh m%;sixialrKh ls¯u i|yd uQ,sl mshjr m¯laIK lsysmhla" ,shlshú,s i;Hdmkh" rdcH
.kakd ,°' óg wu;rj" jHjia:dms; m¯laIK j,° iq/l=ïm;aj, wdfhdackh" wdh;ksl hymd,kh"
y∫kd.;a ≥r®j,;djhka kshñ; ld,iSudjka ;=<° .kqfokqlrejkaf.a meñ◊,s yd úfoaY úksuh
ksjer† ls¯u iïnkaOfhka .kq ,nk l%shdudr®. .kqfokq hk wxY i|yd is≥lrk ,°'
hkays m%.;sh ldr®;=uh moku u; wëlaIKh lrk ^wd& nexl=j, ;sridr;ajh we.hSu flfrys wjOdkh
,°'
fhduq lrkq ,nk wëlaIK l%ufõohla ls%hd;aul
^wE& 2014 jifr® isg 2016 jir olajd nexl= wxYfhys lrk ,o w;r th nexl=j, uQ,H ldr®hCIu;djh"
ldr®hidOk idrdxYh my; j.=fjys olajd we;' jHdmdr l<ukdlrKh" wjodkï or®Yl iy
uQ,H wxYfhys l%shdld˙;ajh yd moaO;s ia:dhS;dj wjodkï l<ukdlrK moaO;sj, m%udKd;aul
iïnkaOfhka jk iúia;rd;aul we.hSula 8 jeks Ndjhg wod,j fidhd.kakd ,o lreKq u;
m˙Éf√ofha olajd we;' mokï úh' wëlaIK .egÆ" w∞< wOHlaI uKav,

II fldgi - 66 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi
Wm lñgqj,g ikaksfõokh l< w;r" w∞< .egÆ
ksrdlrKh ls¯u i|yd ksis mshjr .ekSu wOHlaI
uKav,fha iuia; j.lSula njg m;alrkq ,eîh'
;jo" ld,Sk m¯laIKhkays úfYaIs; fidhd.ekSï
idlÉPd ls¯ug iy ksis wëlaIKhla yd ksjer†
l%shdudr®. ldf,daÑ;j l%shd;aul ls¯fï ;yjqrejla
,nd.ekSu i|yd nexl= wOHlaI uKav, iu`. /iaùï
lsysmhla mj;ajkq ,eîh'
2'5 Y%S ,xld ;ekam;= rlaIK iy øjYS,;d wdOdrl
fhdackd l%uh mßmd,kh lsÍu
^w& 2016 foieïnr® ui 31 †kg" iuia; wruqof,ys
jákdlu wdikak jYfhka remsh,a ì,shk 34 la
^ú.Kkh fkdl<& muK jQ fuu fhdackd l%uh
idud‚l wdh;k 77 lska iukaú; úh' wruqo, úiska
is≥lrk ,o rcfha iq/l=ïm;aj, wdfhdackhkays yd
m%;sjHqy.; ls¯u i|yd idud‚l wdh;khla fj;
2014 jr®Ifha° iemhQ øjYS,;d wdOdrl myiqlfuys
fmd;a w.h" 2016 foieïnr® ui 31 †kg" ms<sfj<ska
remsh,a ì,shk 26 la yd remsh,a ì,shk 6 la fõ'
^wd& wdikak;u mQr®j uQ,H jr®Ih wjidkfha°" ishhg 14 la
fyda Bg jeä m%d.aOk m%udKd;aul;d wkqmd;hla
mj;ajd.kq ,enQ n,m;%,dNS nexl= úiska" iq≥iqlï
,enQ ;ekam;= m%udKh u; jirlg ishhg 0'1 la iy
wfkl=;a ishÆu nexl= úiska jirlg ishhg 0'125 la
wruqo, i|yd jd˙l jYfhka f.úh hq;= úh'
n,m;%,dNS uQ,H iud.ï i|yd w∞< jd˙l uqo,
jirlg ishhg 0'15 la úh' jir ;=<°" remsh,a
ì,shk 6'9 l uqo,la idud‚l wdh;kj,ska jd˙l
iy ov uqo,a jYfhka /ialr .kakd ,°'
^we& 2015 ckjd˙ 01 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙†" ;ekam;=
rlaIK wdjrKh tla wdh;khl tla ;ekam;=lrejl=
i|yd remsh,a 300"000 ls'
II-2 ixLHd igyk
Y%S ,xld ;ekam;= rlaIK iy øjYS,;d wdOdrl fhdackd
l%ufhys m%Odk uQ,H f;dr;=re
remsh,a ñ,shk
whs;uh
2015'12'31 2016'12'31
†kg
wruqof,a m%udKh 25"418
uqΩ wd∞hu 7"373
uqΩ úhou 504
jr®Ih i|yd ,dNh ^n≥ fmr& 6"869
rcfha iq/l=ïm;aj, wdfhdack 18"123
Kh iy ,eìh hq;= ≤ 6"227
fjf<πu ms◊i mj;sk j;alï 259
i|yd we;s ixÑ;
* ;djld,sl
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
2'6 nexl= wxYfha ±kqïj;aNdjh iy YlH;d jeä
ÈhqKq lsÍu
^w& YlH;d jeä †hqKq ls¯u
wdh;ksl hymd,kh" wj∞kï l<ukdlrKh"
nexl= m¯laIK" nexl= jHdmdr yd jHqyh iy nexl=
iy uQ,H wxYhg w∞< kS;s fr.=,dis yd jHjia:djka
jeks lafIa;%hkays ±kqu by< keùu i|yd nexl=
wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j" nexl= wxYfha YlH;d
jr®Okhg wLKavj ∞hl úh' 2016 jr®Ih ;=<° Y%S
,xld uy nexl=fõ nexl= ú≥mshfiys iy wfkl=;a
foaYSh yd úfoaYSh ndysr wdh;kj, iïm;a ∞hlhka
jYfhka nexl= wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ fcHIaG
ks,Od¯ka iïnkaO úh'
^wd& nexl=j, l<ukdld˙;ajh iu`. mej;s /iaùï
Y%S ,xld wdr®:ßlfha fukau nexl= wxYfha jr®Okhka
iy kshduk yd wëlaIK jeä †hqKqùï ms<sn|j
woyia yqjudre lr .ekSfï yuqjla f,i l%shd;aul
jQ" nexl=j, m%Ok úOdhl ks,Od˙ka iu`.ska Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ wêm;s úiska meje;ajQ /iaùï i|yd
w∞< f,alï lghq;= nexl= wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska is≥lrk ,°' nexl= moaO;sfha ldr®hidOkh iy
jr®Okhka i|yd foaYSh iy úfoaYShj ksl=;a lrk ,o
kj fr.=,dis ms<sn|j ±kqj;a ls¯u i|yd n,m;%,dNS
nexl=j, iNdm;sjreka iu`. o /iaùï mj;ajk ,°'
nexl= moaO;sfha wëlaIKh rduqj iy ia:djr;ajh
Yla;su;a ls¯u i|yd ksfhdacH wêm;s iy nexl=j,
wOHlaI uKav, lñgq iNdm;sjreka iu`. /iaùï
mj;ajk ,°' óg wu;rj nexl=j,g úfYaIs; jQ
lreKq idlÉPd ls¯ug iy ksis wëlaIKh iy
ksjer† ls¯fï l%shdudr®. ld,Skj l%shd;aul ls¯u
;yjqre ls¯ug nexl=j, fcHIaG l<ukdld˙;ajh
iu`. ksrka;r /iaùï iy idlÉPd mj;ajk ,°'
^we& uyck;dj ±kqj;a ls¯fï jevigyka
2016 jir ;=<° nexl= wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK
†kg *
fomdr®;fïka;=j iu. tlaj" uyck;djf.ka
34"257
;ekam;= Ndr .ekSu i|yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
9"593
úiska wjir ,nd° we;s uQ,H wdh;k iy kS;s
753
úfrdaë fhdackd l%uj,g iïnkaOùfï wj∞ku
8"840 ms<sn|j" jevuqΩ 47 la 5600 fofkla blaujQ uqΩ
25"700 iyNd.s;ajhlska mj;ajk ,°' óg wu;rj" uyck
6"179 ±kaùula NdId ;%s;ajfhkau mqj;am;a 16 l m<
^665& lrk ,o w;r" nexl= wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska .=jkaú≥,s jevigyklg o iïm;a ∞hl;ajh
,ndfok ,°'
II fldgi - 67
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

weuqKqu II-1 fufyhqï" wdfhdack yd NdKavd.dr l<ukdlrKh"

n,m;%,dNS nexl=j, kduf,aLkh wjodkï l<ukdlrKh" uQ,H l<ukdlrKfhys kS;s yd
n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= kshdukhka" ;dlaI◊l yd fN!;sl ksmqK;d iy udkj
iïm;a l<ukdlrKh hk wxYhka wdjrKh jk m˙†
1' wudkd nEkala mS't,a'iS'
2016 jifr® ° mqyqKq mdGud,d mj;ajk ,°' °r®> ld,Sk
2' welaiSia nEkala ,sñgâ
m,mqreoao iy ksmqK;djh iys; Ydia;%Sh iy jD;a;Sh
3' ,xld nexl=j uÜgfï iq≥iqlï,;a úfYaI{ uvq,a,la úiska mdGud,d
4' ldr®.s,aia nEkala ,sñgâ ie,iqï ls¯u iy hdj;ald,Sk ls¯u is≥ lrkq ,nhs' Bg
5' isá nEkala tka'ta' wu;rj" ol=Kq yd w.aks†. wdishdkq uy nexl= wdh;kh
(SEACEN) bka†hdkq uy nexl=j" cr®uka uy nexl=j iy
6' fldur®I,a nEkala Tµa isf,daka mS't,a'iS'
cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, we;=<;aj cd;Hka;rj ms<s.;a
7' fvdhsIa nEkala ta'„'
uQ,H mqyqKq wdh;k yd úYajúoHd, lsysmhla iuÛ
8' ã'tµa'iS'iS' nEkala mS't,a'iS' iyfhda.S;djfhka hq;=j nexl= ú≥ msfhi úiska mdGud,d
9' yîí nEkala ,sñgâ fndfyda m%udKhla ie,iqï ls¯u yd ms˙keóu is≥ lrk
10' yegka keIk,a nEkala mS't,a'iS' ,°'
11' whs'iS'whs'iS'whs' nEkala ,sñgâ
Y%S ,xld uy nexl= Wmdhudr®.sl ie,eiafuys YlH;d
12' bka†hka nEkala jr®Okh iy Wmldrl fiajd wruqKq yd iu.dój hñka"
13' bka†hka ´jr®iSia nEkala nexl= ú≥ msfhi úiska b;d mqΩ,a jQ uQ,H wxYhg wh;a
14' tïiSî nEkala ,sñgâ ud;Dld wdjrKh jk m˙† WÑ; yd ldf,daÑ; mdGud,d
.Kkdjla 2016 jir ;=< ° is≥ lrk ,°' nexl= ú≥ msfhi
15' keIk,a äjf,dmaukaÜ nEkala mS't,a'iS'
úiska is≥ lrkq ,enQ mdGud,d Y%s ,xld uy nexl=jg
16' fkaIkaia g%iaÜ nEkala mS't,a'iS'
muKla iSud fkdjQ w;r" fndfyda mdGud,d" iïuka;%K
17' mEka taIshd nEkalska fldamfr®Ika mS't,a'iS' iy jevuqΩ uy nexl=jg m˙ndysr Wkka≥jla olajk úúO
18' uyck nexl=j wxYhkays YlH;djhka jr®Okh ls¯ug mj;ajk ,°'
19' mí,sla nEkala nr®ydâ mdGud,djka ,nd °ug muKla iSud fkdù" mj;ajkq ,enQ
20' iïm;a nEkala mS't,a'iS'
mdGud,d i|yd b;d mqΩ,a yd .eUqre we.hSula ls¯u ;=<ska
mdGud,dj, .=K;ajh by< kexùfuys we;s jeo.;alu
21' fi,dka nEkala mS't,a'iS'
y∫kd.;a w;r" ,nd fok fiajdjkays .=Kd;aulNdjh
22' iagEkavr®â pdr®gr®â nEkala jr®Okh lr .ekSfuys,d iq≥iq ñkqïo~q y∫kajd °uo
23' iafÜÜ nEkala Tµa bka†hd is≥lr we;' ta wkqj" 2016 jir ;=< ° nexl= ú≥ msfhi
24' o fydxfldx wekaâ Iexyhs nEkalska fldamfr®Ika ,sñgâ úiska mqyqKq mdGud,djkays .=Kd;aulNdjfhys iy há;,
25' hQkshka nEkala Tµa l,ïnq mS't,a'iS'
myiqlï hk fowxYfhysu we.hSï m%;sM, wju w.h
75] olajd by< kexùu ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lf<ah'
n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=
nyq;rhla jQ mqyqKqjkakkaf.a m%;spdr u.ska nexl= ú≥
26' Y%S ,xld ksjdi ixjr®Ok uQ,H ixia:d nexl=j msfhig fuu uÜgu lrd <Ûd ùug yels jQ w;r" ta
27' ,xldmq;% äjf,dmaukaÜ nEkala ,sñgâ ;=<ska mqyqKqjkakkag yd Tjqka ksfhdackh l< wdh;k
28' cd;sl b;s˙ ls¯fï nexl=j u.ska jeh l< uqo,g iy ld,hg nexl= ú≥ msfhi u.ska
29' m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok nexl=j ,nd≥ka mqyqKq mdGud,d m%;s,dN W∞ lr≥ka nj ;yjqre
lr we;'
30' iKi äuf,dmaukaÜ nEkala mS't,a'iS'
31' Y%S ,xld fiaúkaia nEkala ,sñgâ 2016 jir nexl= ú≥ msfhig b;d iqúfYaIS jirla jQfha"
32' rdcH Wlia yd wdfhdack nexl=j m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,o mdGud,d 46 la o" y∫kd.;a
±kqï mr;rhla mshùu i|yd mdGud,d 49 la o"
iy;slm;% mdGud,d 4 la o" cd;Hka;r mdGud,d 2 la
3' nexl= úÿ msfhi o we;=<;aj mdGud,d 101 la meje;aùug yels ùfuks'
;jo" idudkH uyck;djf.a uQ,H idlaIr;djh
nexl= ú≥ msfhi" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fjys mqyqKq iy udkj jr®Okh ls¯fuys iy ±kqu iys; wdr®:ßlhla
iïm;a ixjr®Ok yia;h jYfhka" 2016 jifr® ° foaYSh f.dvke.Sfuys,d rcfhys wruqKg iyfhda.h ,nd°fï
fukau ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmfha isák uQ,H wxYfha wruqfKka nexl= ú≥ msfhi u.ska uyck;dj fjkqfjka újD;
jD;a;slhkaf.a wdr®:ßl úoHd" nexl= yd uQ,H wxYhkays jQ m%isoaO foaYk 5 la o" úYajúoHd, isiqka Wfoid jevigyka
±kqu jr®Okh ls¯u wruqKq lrf.k mqyqKq mdGud,d" 3 la o" mdi,a isiqka i|yd jevigyka 4 la o jir ;=< ° is≥
iïuka;%K iy jevuqΩ mj;ajk ,°' foaYSh iy l,dmSh lrk ,°' fï ;=<ska foaYShj 5"000 lg wêl mqyqKqjkakka
hk fowxYfhysu wjYH;djhka mdol lr .ksñka" ms˙ila o" fkamd,h" nx.,dfoaYh" iS fI,aia" mlsia:dkh"
cd;Hka;r uQ,H fufyhqï we;=<;aj uQ,H wxYfha ud,°jhsk yd memqjd ksõ.skshd wd° rgj,ska 150 lg

II fldgi - 68 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi
wêl mqyqKqjkakka ms˙ila o mqyqKqj ,nd we;' tfukau"
wOHhk fmd≥ iy;sl m;% Wiia fm< y∞rk isiqka
i|yd ie,iqï l< ;laIs,dj (Thakshilawa) yd w˙jqÜre
(Ariwootroo) hk rEmjdyskS jevigyka úldYkh ls¯u
nexl= ú≥ msfhi u.ska iïnkaëlrKh lrk ,°' cd;sfha
;SrKd;aul wjYH;djhla jk .%dóh ixjr®Okh i,ld
n,d nexl= ú≥ msfhi úiska m<d;a ldr®hd, fufyhqï
fomdr®;fïka;=j iy m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j
iuÛ taldnoaOj .%dóh ck;djf.a „jk ;;a;ajh by<
kexùfuys wruqfKka mdGud,d 14 la jir ;=< ° mj;ajk
,°'
jD;a;Shfõ°kaf.a" úfYaIfhkau uQ,H wxYhkays jD;a;Shj,
ksr;jkakkaf.a ±kqu yd l=i,;d" ;u jD;a;Sh lghq;=j,
° ldr®hlaIuj yd M,∞hSj fhd∞ .ekSu i|yd wjYH
jr®;udk yd wkd.; mqyqKq wjYH;djka iqm¯laIdld¯
f,i wëlaIKfhka miqj" nexl= ú≥ msfhi úiska 2017
jir i|yd jQ jevigyka fm<.eiau m%ldYhg m;a lrk
,°' nexl= ú≥ msfhi" tys jevigykaj,g iyNd.Sjkakka
yd iyNd.S jk wdh;khka úiska wfmalaId lrk Wiia
uÜgulska ms<s.kakd jQ jevigyka mj;ajk w;ru jir
;=< ° ,nd.;a wd∞hï uÜgu by< kxjd .ekSug o iu;a
úh'
4' ikaksfõok
2016 jr®Ih ;=< ° ikaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
ldr®hNdrh ;j;a Yla;su;a ùu yryd uy nexl= wruqKq jk
wdr®:ßl yd ñ, ia:dhs;dj mj;ajd .ekSu yd uQ,H moaO;s
ia:dhs;dj mj;ajd .ekSu ;=<ska ;sridr jr®Ok b,lalhka
imqrd .ekSug mdr®Yajlrejka fj; f;dr;=re fnodye¯u"
ndysr ikaksfõok m%úIaghka Wmfhda.S lr.ekSu" uyck
oekqïj;a ls¯ï" úoHq;a udOH u.ska oekqu ñkqu jevigyka
meje;aùu yd mqia;ld, yd f;dr;=re uOHia:dkh yryd
ikaksfõok fomr®;fïka;=j ish odhl;ajh ,nd ≥kafkah'
ndysr ikaksfõokh
ikaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska f;dr;=re ;dlaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ iydh we;sj Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ
ks, fjí wvúh m%;sksr®udKh lr kj uqyqKqjrlska
b†˙m;a ls¯fï ldr®hh wdrïN lrk ,°' fuu ldr®hh
ikaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska jir ;=< ° uqyqK
≥ka m%Odk;u wNsfhda. w;=˙ka tlla f,i oelaúh yel'
fï i|yd ikaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=j Ndr ksfhdacH
wêm;sjrhdf.a m%Odk;ajfhka hq;= ldr®hidOl n,ldhla
ia:dmkh lr ikaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
f;dr;=re ;dlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j yd tlaj idlÉPd jg
lsysmhla yd wod< fomdr®;fïka;= iu`. /iaùï mj;ajd
fjí wvúfha wka;r®.;h ilia ls¯u is≥ lrk ,°'
isxy," fou< yd bx.%Sis hk NdId ;%s;ajfhka u iukaú;
fuu fjí wvúh 2017 jifr® ° t<soelaùug kshñ; h'
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ m%Odk ikaksfõok udOHh yd
mr®Yajlrejka i|yd mj;sk m%uqL;u f;dr;=re uQ,dY%h
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
jYfhka ie,lsh yels oekg mj;sk www.cbsl.gov.lk
fjí wvúh fnfyúka ckm%sh w;r fuhg ksoiqkla
f,i 2015 jirg idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° fjí wvúh
fj; msúiSfï m%;sY;h ishhg 3'3lska jeä ùu f.kyer
oelaúh yel' úoHq;a ;emE, yd flá m◊jqv fiajdj u.ska
oekqï°ï i|yd b,aÆï l< .%dylhka m%udKho jeä úh'
II-3 ixLHd igyk
ndysr ikaksfõokh ms<sn| úia;r
udOH jr®. 2015 2016
uy nexl= fjí wvúh fj; msúiSï ^ñ,shk& 145 150
hQáhqí ^uy nexl= ùäfhda Wvq.; ls¯ï& 33 54
úoHq;a ;emE, u.ska oekqï°ï i|yd b,aÆï l< 2"392 2"406
.%dylhka ^jir wjidkh jk úg&
flá m◊jqv fiajdj u.ska oekqï°ï i|yd b,aÆï 1"073 1"003
l< .%dylhka
2016 jir ;=< mqj;am;a ksfõok 1"185la ^uqo,a m%;sm;a;s
újrK" úfoaY wxYfha l%shdld¯;ajh" WoaOukh wd°
m%Odk;u ksfõok 264la&" .eiÜ ksfõok 14la"
udOH ksfõok 169la ^oekaùï we;=Ωj& ikaksfõok
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ksl=;a lr we;'
óg wu;rj nexl=jg wod< úúO ud;Dld Tiafia udOH
oekqïj;a ls¯ï 20la o 2016 jir ;=< meje;aúh' ;jo"
uy nexl= fndaïn m%ydrfhka úm;g m;ajQjkaf.a 20 jk
.=KdkqiaurK Wf<," 2015 jdr®Isl jdr®;dj t<soelaùu"
§Financial Sector Reforms in India¶ ud;Dldj hgf;a
bka†hdkq rdcH nexl=fõ iNdm;sksh jk wrekao;S
NÜgdpdr®h uy;añh meje;ajQ Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ
66 jeks ixj;ai˙l foaYkh wd° jevigyka rdYshla
ixúOdkh ls¯u i|yd ikaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=j ish
odhl;ajh iemhS h'
;jo nKavdrkdhl cd;Hka;r iïuka;%K Yd,dfõ
2016'09'16 isg 2016'09'25 olajd mej;s fld<U cd;Hka;r
fmd;a m%or®Ykh i|yd o ikaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=j
iyNd.S jQ w;r fuys wruqK jQfha Y%S ,xld uy nexl=
m%;sm;a;s" l%shdldrlï yd m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok jevigyka
iy fjk;a ldr®hhka iïnkaOj uyck oekqïj;aNdjh
jeä†hqKq ls¯uhs'
wNHka;r ikaksfõokh
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg wod< f;dr;=re" wdr®:ßl yd
uQ,H wxYj,g wod< ld,Sk mqj;a ms<sn|j fcHIaG
l<ukdld¯;ajhg meye†,s wjfndaOhla ,nd°u Wfoid
ikaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska mqj;am;aj, m< jQ
jdr®;d" ,sms yd uyck u;hka 9"311la isxy," fou< yd
bx.%Sis cd;sl mqj;am;a 15 lska fcHIaG l<ukdld¯;ajhg
,ndfok ,°'
ks, wNHka;r mqj;a ,smsh jk ljqΩfõ l,dm folla o
ikaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=j jir ;=< m< lf<a h'
II fldgi - 69
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
uyck oekqïj;a lsÍï
ikaaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=j ixúOdkh lrk rEmjdysks
udOH Tiafia úldYh jk oekqu ñkqu ;r.dj,shla jk
§Econ Icon Season III¶ jevigyfkys uQ,sl jgh jk
,sÅ; m¯laIK idr®:lj ksu l< w;r fï i|yd †jhsfka
ishÆ u †ia;%slal wdjrKh jk m˙† isxy, udOH mdi,a
420la iy fou< udOH mdi,a 204la iyNd.S úh' m%isoaO
rEmjdysks kd,sldjla Tiafia úldYh jQ fuu wka;r®-
mdi,a ;r.dj,sh i|yd isxy, yd fou< udOH mdi,a 16
ne.ska iyNd.s úh' m%:u" fojk yd wjika mQr®j jghkays
rEmjdysks má.; ls¯ï wjika lr úldYh ls¯u 2016
Tlaf;danr® udifha isg wdrïN úh' 2017 jir uq, wjika
uy ;r.h meje;aùug kshñ;j ;snq◊'
;jo uy nexl= wruqKq" ldr®hhka yd Y%S ,xld wdr®:ßlh
wd° úúO jQ ud;Dld wdjrKh jk m˙† wOHdmksl
yd oekqïj;a ls¯fï jevigyka 128la meje;ajQ w;r
7"216l ms˙ila fuu jevigyka i|yd iyNd.S úh' ñka
jevigyka 18la Y%S ,xld uy nexl= m%Odk ldr®hd,fhka
msg; mj;ajk ,°'
II-4 ixLHd igyk
2016 § meje;ajQ uyck oekqïj;a lsÍfï jevigyka
ms<sn| úia;r
wdh;kh jevigyka
.Kk
mdi,a 91
úYajúoHd, 7
Y%S ,xld ;%súO yuqodj iy wdrlaIl 6 190
úYajúoHd,h
úfoia wdrlaIl úYajúoHd, ksfhda‚; ms˙ia 3 58
;kdm;s ks,Od¯ka f,i kï flrek yd 3 51
úfoia fiajhg iïnkaO ks,Od¯ka
mdi,a .=re Nj;=ka 18
uqΩ .Kk 128
nexl= wOHhk flakaøh u.ska fou< NdIdfjka mj;ajk
,o rEmjdysks jevigykla jQ we˙jqq;%E ^oekqfï W,am; hk
wr®:h we;s& jevigykg ikaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska iïm;a odhl;ajh ,ndfok ,°' ;jo m%dfoaYSh
ldr®hd, ^W;=re yd kef.kysr& úiska ixúOdkh
l< oekqïj;a ls¯fï jevigyka 04la i|yd o iïm;a
odhl;ajh iu.ska uy nexl= m%ldYk o ,nd°fuka ish
odhl;ajh imhk ,°'
wdr®:ßl b;sydi fl!;=ld.drfha m%ldYk wf,ú ljqΩj"
rdc.s˙fha nexl= wOHhk flakaø mqia;ld,h" uy nexl=
m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd, yd fld<U cd;Hka;r fmd;a m%or®Ykh
yryd re' ñ,shk 6'07l uqΩ jákdlula iys; uy nexl=
m%ldYk m%udKhla úls”ug ikaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=j
iu;a úh' tfukau ikaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska úúO uy nexl= m%ldYk 11"591la †jhsk mqrd
mdi,a mqia;ld, yd uyck mqia;ld, fj; fkdñ,fha
fnodyer we;'
II fldgi - 70
II fldgi
fou< NdId mßj¾;k fiajd
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ishÆ u m%ldYk fou< NdIdfjka
m%ldYhg m;a ls¯u i|yd Wr foñka NdId;%fhka u
f;dr;=re iemhSfï lghq;a;g fou< NdId m˙jr®;k
tallh ;u odhl;ajh imhk ,°'
nexl=fõ jeo.;a wjia:d PdhdrEm.; lsÍu
ksYap, PdhdrEm yd ùäfhda hk oDYH udOH Tiafia ish
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is≥ jQ jeo.;a is≥ùï 379 la wdjrKh l< w;r PdhdrEm
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°u i|yd rE rgd ie,iqï ls¯u" jr®Kfhdackh yd uqøK
lghq;= is≥ls¯u Tiafia uqøKd,h ish odhl;ajh ,nd≥ka
w;r 2016 jir ;=< uy nexl= uqøK ldr®hhka 214la ksu
lrk ,°' fuu ldr®hhka w;r igyk ^fjΩï 04la&"
News Survey ^fjΩï 03la&" l=˙mafmavq ^fjΩï 02la&
hk jdr m%ldYk" udisl újr◊ldjka ^fjí wvúfha
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iy fou< uqøK" Y%S ,xldfõ iudc wdr®:ßl o;a;" Y%S
,xldfõ jHdmdrhla mj;ajdf.k hEug mshjfrka mshjr
udr®f.damfoaYkh ^kej; uqøKh&" 66 jeks idxj;ai˙l
ieureï foaYkh we;=<;a fmd;a msxp yd Y%S ,xldfõ
625 wdr®:ßl yd iudc ixLHdk hk m%ldYk we;=<;a h' ;jo
7"216 úúO wdlD;s m;% uqøKh ls¯u yd imhd °u" uy nexl=
ks,Od¯kaf.a kdu m;% uqøKh iy ,sms øjH uqøKh ls¯u
o uqøKd,h úiska is≥lrk ,°'
mqia;ld,h iy f;dr;=re uOHia:dkh
mqia;ld,fha iy f;dr;=re uOHia:dkfha fiajdjka
nexl=fõ ldr®h uKav,hg fuka u úYajúoHd, isiqka
iy mr®fhaIlhska jeks wjir,;a ndysr m˙YS,lhskag o
imhkq ,efí' tu.ska jir ;=< tl;= jQ kj .%ka: 570 la"
jdr®;d 100 la" ixhqla; ;eá 60 la o we;=Ωj .%ka: 30"000
la" jdr®;d 19"000 la iy ixhqla; ;eá 1"935 l tl;=jla
fuka u 45"000 lg jvd jeä i`.rd tl;=jla ;=<ska fiajdj
,nd fohs' tfukau" mqia;ld,h yd f;dr;=re uOHia:dkh
‘Science Direct’ iy ‘Econlit’ jeks ux.; m˙.Kl o;a;
.nvd i|yd o odhl;ajh ,nd we;s w;r tu.ska w;s
úYd, wdr®:ßl" l<ukdlrK iy uQ,H f;dr;=re i|yd
m%fõYh imhhs' thg wu;rj mqia;ld,h iy f;dr;=re
uOHia:dkh" uy nexl= l%shdldrlïj,g wod< ;j;a
ux.; iïm;a lSmhl u odhl;ajh ,nd we;' ta w;˙ka
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

fï jk úg;a www.centralbanking.com i|yd m%fõYh 5'1 jHjydr uqo,a ksl=;=j ^l<ukdlrKh&

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ft.com i|yd o wka;r®cd, in|;d we;s ldr®huKav,fha w& ixirKfha mj;sk jHjydr uqo,a
ishÆ fokdg m%fõYh ,nd ° we;' uqo,a Ndú;fhka f;drj ;dlaI◊l l%u u.ska is≥ lrkq
mqia;ld,h iy f;dr;=re uOHia:dkh u.ska odhl;ajh ,nk .kqfokq †˙u;a ls¯u i|yd myiqlï iemhSu
,nd we;s foaYSh iy úfoaYSh i`.rdj, ^journals) uqΩ wLKavj is≥ lrñka ;sìh°;a 2016 jr®Ih ;=< °" jHjydr
tl;=j ms<sfj<ska 88 la iy 16 la fõ' mqia;ld,h iy uqo,a fkdaÜgq iy ldis i|yd jk b,aÆu" Y%S ,xldfõ
wdr®:ßl jr®Okh iy WoaOukh wkqj by< f.dia we;'
f;dr;=re uOHia:dkh u.ska kj tl;= ls¯fï ^Recent
ta wkqj" wxl II-5 ixLHd igyfkys olajd we;s m˙†"
additions - Wod' fmd;a&" j;auka wka;r®.;hka ^Current
2016'12'31 †kg ixirKfha mej;s uqΩ jHjydr uqo,a
contents) cd;Hka;r mqj;am;a ksfõok ^International
fkdaÜgq yd ldisj, jákdlu remsh,a ì,shk 552'2 la jQ
News Alert&" foaYSh mqj;a ^Local Press) iy wdr®:ßl"
w;r th fmr jr®Ifha mej;s ;;a;ajhg idfmalaIj ishhg
nexl= yd uQ,H jdr®;djka iïnkaê; igyka újr◊ldjka
12'4 l jr®Okhls'
f,i úoHq;a udOH yryd /ia lr ;nd .ekSu o" wdh;k
wNHka;r cd,h jk "Mansala" yryd tajd fnod ye¯u II-5 ixLHd igyk
o is≥ flfr®' rdcH NdId m%;sm;a;sh iu`. wkql+, ùu
ixirKfhys mej;s jHjydr uqo,a ^j¾Ih wjidkh jk úg&
i|yd yels iEu wjia:djl° u bx.%Sis" isxy, iy fou<
whs;uh jákdlu ^remsh,a ì,shk& fjki m%;sY;hla f,i
udOHfhka cd;sl mqj;a wdjrKh jk m˙† lghq;= flfr®'
tfukau nexl=fõ wod< ks,Od¯ka i|yd f;dard .;a 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
f;dr;=re fnodye¯fï l%ufõohla o fhdod .efka' fkdaÜgq 311'2 332'4 408'8 482'0 541'5 8'4 6'8 23'0 17'9 12'3
ldis* 6'3 6'8 7'5 9'1 10'7 13'5 7'5 10'7 21'3 17'3
m%fhdackj;a f;dr;=re úoHq;a ;emE, yryd iy
tl;=j 317'5 339'2 416'3 491'1 552'2 8'5 6'8 22'7 18'0 12'4
wka;r® mqia;ld, msreΩ fiajdj yryd Y%S ,xldfõ
úYajúoHd, iy wfkl=;a úfYaIs; mqia;ld, fj; imhñka *iure ldis we;=<;a fkdfõ'
mqia;ld,h iy f;dr;=re uOHia:dkh ;u fiajdjka
Y%S ,xldfõ jHjydr uqo,a ixirKfha m%Odk jYfhka
b†˙hg l%shd;aul lrñka hhs' tfukau" mqia;ld, iy
^ishhg 98 la& ksfhdackh jkakd jQ jHjydr uqo,a
f;dr;=re uOHia:dkh" f.da,Sh jYfhka uy nexl= iy
fkdaÜgqj, jákdlu 2016 jr®Ih ;=< ° remsh,a ì,shk
wfkl=;a wka;r®cd;sl uQ,H wdh;k yryd f;dr;=re
541'5 olajd ishhg 12'3 lska jeäù we;' wxl II-1
iïm;a iy w;aoelSï fnod.kakd f.da,Sh uy nexl= iy
rEm igyfkys olajd we;s m˙† jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgq
uQ,H wdh;kj, mqia;ld, iy f;dr;=re jD;a;slhkaf.a
w;˙ka re'5"000 iy re'1"000 uqo,a fkdaÜgqj, jákdlu
cd,fha l%shdld¯ idud‚lfhla o úh' mqia;ld,fha
tlaj .;al< tu m%;sY;h wdikak jYfhka 2016'12'31
wNHka;r fjí wvúh ;=<ska nexl=fõ ldr®huKav,hg
†kg ixirKfha mej;s uqΩ jHjydr uqo,a fkdaaÜgqj,
ä‚g,a mqia;ld, fiajdj ,nd°ug o lghq;= lrhs' jákdlñka ishhg 84 ls' 2010 jr®Ifha ° uyckhd
i;= jHjydr uqo,a m%udKh ^ixirKh ;=<& o< foaYSh
5' jHjydr uqo,a ksIamd†;fha wkqmd;slh f,i ishhg 4 la jQ w;r th
2016 jr®Ih wjidkfha ° ishhg 4'6 olajd by< hEu
1949 wxl 58 ork uqo,a kS;s mk; u.ska Y%S ,xldj ;=<
;=<ska" rg ;=< ;j≥rg;a jeo.;a f.ùï udOHhla f,i
ffk;sl f.ùï udOH jYfhka jHjydr uqo,a ksl=;a
jHjydr uqo,a i|yd jeä fjñka mj;sk b,aÆula mj;akd
ls¯fï mru whs;sh iy wêld¯ n,h uqo,a uKav,h fj;
nj ;yjqre lrhs'
mjrd we;' uqo,a uKav,h i;= fuu jHjia:dms; j.lSï
iïnkaO ldr®hhka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ jHjydr uqo,a II-1 rEm igyk
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska bgqlrkq ,nhs' jHjydr uqo,a ixirKfha mj;sk uqo,a fkdaÜgqj, jákdlu
fomdr®;fïka;=j tys m%Odk ldr®hhka f,i" jHjydr uqo,a
1% 1%
fkdaÜgq uqøKh" ldis gxlkh" uyck b,aÆï imqrd,Su 0%
4% 0%
Rs 5000
i|yd uqo,a fkdaÜgq yd ldis ksl=;a ls¯u" n,m;%,dNS 6%
Rs 2000
jd◊c nexl= fj;ska ,efnk jHjydr uqo,a ;ekam;=
Rs 1000
ndr .ekSu" fiajd wksis fkdaÜgq yd ldis ixirKfhka
Rs 500
bj;a ls¯u" jHjydr uqo,a iïnkaOj uqo,a kS;s mkf;a
Rs 200
i|yka úêúOdk W,a,x>kh ls¯fï wjia:d ms<sn|j 26% Rs 100
lghq;= ls¯ug kS;s l%shd;aul lrk n,Od¯kag iyfhda.h
58% Rs 50
,nd °u iy jHjydr uqo,aa ksis f,i Ndú;h u.ska tys
Rs 10
.=Kd;aul ;;a;ajh mj;ajd .ekSu ms<sn|j uyckhd 4%
fjk;a
±kqïj;a ls¯fï jevigyka l%shd;aul ls¯u is≥ lrkq
,efí'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 71

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

II-2 rEm igyk II-3 rEm igyk

ixirKfha mj;sk jHjydr uqo,a $ o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h jHjydr uqo,a ksl=;=j - jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgq iy ldis
ixLHdj
5.0% ixLHdj
^ñ,shk&
4.5%

4.0%
600.0

3.5% 500.0
3.0%
400.0
2.5%
300.0
2.0%

1.5% 200.0

1.0% 100.0
0.5%
0.0
0.0% 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 3 jk ld¾;=j ldis
2016 uqo,a fkdaÜgq

^we& n,m;%,dNS jd◊‚c nexl= fj;ska jHjydr uqo,a ;ekam;=

^wd& jHjydr uqo,a ksl=;= Ndr .ekSu'

rg ;=< jHjydr uqo,a i|yd jk b,aÆu imqrd,Su i|yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=j,g
jHjydr uqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j wLKavj yd úêu;aj mkjk ,o jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wjYH;djh mj;ajdf.k
hEu i|yd uQ,sl jYfhka n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= úiska
jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgq iy ldis iemhSu ;yjqre ls˙u i|yd
lrkq ,nk ;ekam;=" jHjydr uqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j
n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= yd ,xld nexl=fõ msgfldgqj úiska Ndr .ekSu jHjydr uqo,a fufyhqï lghq;= j,° is≥
YdLdfjys msysgqjd we;s úfYaI uyck uqo,a ljqΩj yryd lrk ,°' 3 jk ixLHd igyfkys olajd we;s m˙†" m%Odk
uqo,a ksl=;a ls¯u fkdlvjd is≥ fl˙◊' rfgys ixirKh jYfhka fuu ;ekam;=" fiajd ksis ^Ndú;hg iq≥iq& iy
i|yd jHjydr uqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2016 jr®Ih fiajd wksis ^Ndú;hg kqiq≥iq& fkdaÜgq f,i fohdldrhls'
;=< oS ksl=;a lr we;s jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgq iy ldisj, miq.sh jir yd ii|k úg 2016 jr®Ifha ° n,m;%,dNS
jd◊c nexl= úiska is≥ l< tjeks uqo,a ;ekam;= m%udKh
jáskdlu ms<sfj<ska remsh,a ì,shk 594'0 la iy remsh,a
ishhg 24'2 lska jeä ù we;'
ìs,shk 1'6 la fõ ^ II-6 ixLHd igyk&'
II-7 ixLHd igyk
II-6 ixLHd igyk n,m;%,dNS jd◊‚◊c nexl= úiska isÿ l< jHjydr uqo,a
n,m;%,dNS jd‚◊c nexl= fj; ksl=;a lrk ,o ;ekam;= ^j¾Ih ;=<§&
jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgq yd ldis whs;uh jákdlu ^remsh,a ì,shk& fjki m%;sY;hla f,i
whs;uh jákdlu ^remsh,a ì,shk& fjki m%;sY;hla f,i 2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016

2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016 fkdaÜgq 354'7 429'6 534'5 ^6'9& 21'1 24'2
igyk( n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= úiska Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fjys ;ekam;a lrk ldisj,
fkdaÜgq 431'8 503'4 594'0 7'4 16'6 18 jákdlu ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhla fkdfõ'

ldis 0'8 1'6 1'6 41'1 112'8 0

tl;=j 432'6 505'0 595'6
2015 jr®Ifha isg ie,lsh hq;= ldis m%udKhla wLKavj
ksl=;a ls¯u u.ska rg ;=< mj;akd ldis b,aÆu ys`.
hlska f;drj imqrd,Sug 2016 jr®Ih ;=< ° jHjydr uqo,a
fomdr®;fïka;=jg yelshdjla ,enq◊ ^II-3 rEm igyk&'
,xld nexl=fõ msgfldgqj YdLdfjys msysgqjd we;s úfYaI
uyck uqo,a ljqΩj yryd ldis ksl=;a ls¯fï lghq;= o
jHjydr uqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska wLKavj is≥ lrkq
,eîh'
^wE& mú;% uqo,a fkdaÜgq m%;sm;a;sh
7'5 16'7 17'9
fiajd ksis ^Ndú;hg iq≥iq& jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgq úêu;a
f,i iemhSu ;yjqre ls¯u iy fiajd wksis ^Ndú;hg
kqiq≥iq& jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgq úkdY ls¯u i|yd jQ
lghq;= jHjydr uqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska fkdlvjd
is≥ lrkq ,eîh' 2016 jr®Ih ;=< °" n,m;%,dNS jd◊c
nexl= úiska ;ekam;a lrk ,o uqyqK; jákdlu remsh,a
ì,shk 57'4 la jQ fiajd wksis uqo,a fkdaÜgq ñ,shk 179'2
la jHjydr uqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska úkdY lrk
,o w;r" uqyqK; jákdlu remsh,a ì,shk 455'6 la jQ
fiajd ksis jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgq ñ,shk 279'4 la kej;
ixirKhg ksl=;a lrk ,°'

II fldgi - 72 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi
n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= w;r ldr®hlaIuj iy M,∞hS
f,i uqo,a l<ukdlrKh yd fufyhqï jr®Okhg iy
jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgqj, M,∞hS wdhq ld,h jr®Okhg
fya;=jk uqo,a fkdaaÜgq f;a¯fï yd uqo,a m˙yrKfha
l%shdmámdà iïnkaOfhka mj;sk .egÆ yd ndOl
ms<sn|j idlÉPd ls¯ug jHjydr uqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=j, uqo,a l<ukdlrejka
iuÛ /iaùï mj;ajk ,°' ;j≥rg;a uqo,a fkdaÜgq ydks
ls¯u" fjkia ls¯u iy úlD;s ls¯ug tfrysj n,d;aul
lr we;s ±ä kS;s iïnkaOfhka n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=
fj; ±kqï ≥ka w;r ys;du;d ydks lrk ,o" fjkia
lrk ,o fyda úlD;s lrk ,o uqo,a fkdaÜgq y|qqkd.ekSSu
ms<sn| Tjqkaf.a fiajl uKav,h ±kqïj;a lrk f,io
ys;du;d ydks ls¯u" fjkia ls¯u iy úlD;s ls¯ïj,ska
j<lsk f,i uyck;dj o ±kqïj;a lrk f,i ±kqï
fok ,°'
^b& iure ldis ksl=;a lsÍu iy iure whs;u úlsŒu
2016 jr®Ih ;=< °" jHjydr uqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j fj;
iure ldis ksl=;a ls¯u i|yd b,a,Sï 5 la ,eì◊' fuu
b,a,Sï j,ska b,a,Sï y;rla ms<s.; yelss f,i i,lk ,o
w;r 2017 jr®Ifha ° tu iure ldis 2 la ksl=;a ls¯u is≥
flfrkq we;' ;jo" iure whs;u wf,ú ls¯u fld<U
fldgqfjys msysá wdr®:ßl b;sydi fl!;=ld.drh iy
Y%S ,xld uy nexl= m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd, yryd is≥ fl˙◊'
5'2 uqo,a fkdaÜgq uqøKh iy ldis gxlkh lsÍu
wdr®:ßlh ;=< jHjydr uqo,a i|yd we;s b,aÆu imqrd,Su"
Wiia ;;a;ajfha uqo,a fkdaÜgq ixirKfha fhoùu ;yjqre
ls¯u iy m%udKj;a wdrlaIs; uqo,a ixÑ; mj;ajd f.k hEu
i|yd 2016 jr®Ih ;=< ° jHjydr uqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska uqo,a fkdaÜgq ñ,shk 775 la uqøKh ls¯ug iy ldis
ñ,shk 575 la gxlkh ls¯ug wjYH lghq;= fhdok ,°'
ldis gxlkh ls¯fï ms˙sjeh wju ls¯fï mshjrla f,i
jHjydr uqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska remsh, iy remsh,a
5 ldis ^2005 jr®Ihg miq gxlkh lrk ,o& gxlkh
ls¯ug fhd∞ .;a ms;a;, wdf,ams; jdfka f,dayh fjkqjg
u, fkdn¢k jdfka f,dayh fhd∞ .ekSug lgh;== lrk
,°' ;j≥rg;a gxlk ms˙jeh wju ls¯u;a" Ndú;fha
myiqj i|yd;a remsh," remsh,a 2" remsh,a 5 iy remsh,a
10 hk ldis u, fkdn¢k jdfka fhd∞ .ksñka yd tu
ldis m%udKfhka l=vd lrñka ixirKh i|yd kj ldis
ldKavhla ksr®udKh ls¯ug;a mshjr .kq ,eì◊'
5'3 fufyhqï moaO;s jeäÈhqKq lsÍu
2016 jr®Ih ;=< ° fiajd wksis ^Ndú;hg kqiq≥iq& uqo,a
fkdaÜgq iajhxl%Shj úkdY ls¯u i|yd hka;%hla ñ,°
f.k ia:dms; lrk ,°' fuu kj hka;%h u.ska jvd;a
wdrlaIdld¯ yd m˙ir ys;ldó f,i tljr fiajd
wksis ^Ndú;hg kqiq≥iq& yd ydks jQ uqo,a fkdaÜgq úYd,
m%udKhla úkdY l< yelsh'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
jHjydr uqo,a fufyhqï lghq;= iajhxl%Sh ls¯fï l%shdj,sh
;j≥rg;a jeä †hqKq lrñka wdrlaIs;j yd wju udkj
ue†y;aùulska uqo,a fkdaÜgq weis¯u i|yd iajhxl%Shj
uqo,a fkdaÜgq .Kkh ls¯fï hka;% folg iajhxl%Sh uqo,a
fkdaaÜgq ñá weis¯fï hka;%hla ia:dms; lrk ,°'
5'4 kS;s l%shd;aul lsÍfï n,Odßkag iydh ,nd§u
jHjydr uqo,a iïnkaO uqo,a kS;s mkf;a úêúOdk
W,a,x>kh lrñka jHjydr uqo,a jHdc f,i m%;sksr®udKh
ls¯u iïnkaOj kS;s l%shd;aul lrk n,Od¯kag iydh
°u i|yd jHjydr uqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j 2016 jr®Ih ;=<
° my; i|yka l%shdudr®. wkq.ukh lrk ,°'
^w& jHdc uqo,a ieliSfï m%h;akhkag w∞<j Y%S ,xld
fmd,sia wmrdO m¯laIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jHdc
uqo,a úur®IK ldr®hdxYhg yd kS;s l%shd;aul lrk
n,Od¯kag wjYH iyfhda.h ,nd°u' 2016 jr®Ih
;=< ° y∫kd.;a jHdc uqo,a fkdaÜgq ixLHdj 2"612 ls'
^wd& jHdc uqo,a fkdaÜgq ilia ls¯ï ms<sn|j mej;s
kvq úNd.j,g wjYH lghq;= i|yd wNsfhda.
l< fkdyels idlaIshla jYfhka w∞< Widúj,g
wêm;s;=udf.a w;aik iys; iy;sl 162 la ksl=;a
ls¯u'
^we& jHdc uqo,a ieliSu mss<sn|j wêlrK kvq úNd.j,
idlaIslrejka jYfhka kvq úNd. 12 lg fmkS isàu'
5'5 uyck;dj ±kqïj;a lsÍu
uqo,a ms<sn| uyck wjfndaOh jeä†hqKq ls¯fï wruq◊ka
idudkH uyck;dj" fmd,sia ks,Od¯ka" n,m;%,dNS jd◊c
nexl=" wfkl=;a uQ,H wdh;kj, ks,Od¯ka" .=rejreka"
YsIHhka iy rdcH ks,Od¯ka i|yd úúO uÜgfï ±kqïj;a
ls¯fï jevigyka l%shd;aul ls¯u iy jHjydr uqo,a
fl!;=ld.dr m%or®Ykh ls¯u my; whq˙ka is≥ lrk ,°'
^w& mú;% uqo,a fkdaÜgq m%;sm;a;sh l%shdjg kexùu"
jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgqj, wka;r®.; wdrlaIK
i,l=Kq" jHdc uqo,a fkdaÜgq y∫kd.ekSu iy uqo,a
fkdaaÜgq yd ldis Ndú;fha hym;a m˙phka ms<sn|j
iïuka;%K$jevuqΩ 42 la nexl= lghq;= wOHhk
flakaøfha" úúO n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=j," fmd,sia
ia:dkhkays iy cd;sl mdie,a ;=< ° meje;aùu'
^wd& fld<U 02" lΩ;r iy .d,a, hk m%foaYj, mej;s
m%%or®Yk 3 l ° cx.u uqo,a fl!;=ld.drh m%or®Ykh
ls¯u'
^we& Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg wh;a uqo,a fl!;=ld.dr ;=k
keröug meñ◊ mdie,a isiqka" úfoaYsl ixpdrlhka
iy idudkH uyck;dj we;=Ωj 9"470 l muK
ms˙ilg myiqlï ie,iSu' mú;% uqo,a fkdaÜgq
Ndú;h iy jHdc uqo,a fkdaÜgq ksIamdokh ls¯fï
wksis m%;sM, iïnkaOfhka uyck;dj ±kqïj;a
ls¯fï w;am;%sld iy f;dr;=re m;%sld fn∞ ye¯u'
II fldgi - 73
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
5'6 jHjydr uqo,a m%;sks¾udKh lsÍu i|yd wjir
,nd§u
2016 jr®Ifha ° ±kaùï i|yd uqo,a fkdaÜgq m%;sksr®udKh
ls¯fï wjia:djka 4 la i|yd tjeks m%;sksr®udK
iïnkaOfhka uqo,a uKav,fha wkqu; m%;m s ;a;shg
wkql+,j wkque;sh ,nd fok ,°'
6' foaYSh lghq;=
6'1 foaYSh lghq;= fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ld¾hhka
uqo,a kS;s mk; hgf;a mej¯ we;s úêúOdk wkqj foaYSh
lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=jg ldr®hhka lsysmhla mej¯ we;'
tajd kï" ^w& újg fjf<| lghq;= mj;ajdf.k hEu"
^wd& jd◊c nexl=j, ixÑ; kshdukh" ^we& rchg" rdcH
ksfhda‚; wdh;k iy rch fjkqfjka lghq;= lrk
wfkl=;a wdh;k i|yd nexl=lre iy rdcH ;ekam;=j
f,i ls%hdld¯u" ^wE& rch i|yd ;djld,sl w;a;sldrï
iemhSu" ^b& Rcq fjf<∫ka iy Rcq iyNd.s;aj wdh;k
i|yd .sKqï mj;ajdf.k hEu" ^B& iyNd.s;aj wdh;k
i|yd tla†k Kh ,nd°u" iy ^t& wjYH wjia:dj,°
nexl= wdh;k iuÛ Kh lghq;=j, fh°uh'
6'2 uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh ls%hd;aul lsÍu
fláld,Sk fmd,S wkqmd;sl YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
wkq.ukh lrk uqo,a m%;sm;a;shg .e,fmk m˙†
mj;ajdf.k hdfï wruq◊ka fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
;j≥rg;a uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh ls%hd;aul lrk ,°' ta wkqj"
ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd;slh iy ks;H Kh
myiqlï wkqmd;slj,ska ieliqKq ks;H fmd,S wkqmd;sl
fld˙fvdaj ;=< n˙; idudkH talaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slh
úp,H;djh wju jk m˙† wfmalaIs; uÜgfï mj;ajd
.ekqKq kuq;a 2016 jifr® iuyrla †kj, ° th ks;H
fmd,S wkqmd;sl fld˙fvdafõ by< iSudj blauùh'
n˙; idudkH talaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slh" wfmalaIs; uÜgug
f.k taug foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j m%Odk uqo,a
m%;sm;a;s WmlrKh f,i újg fjf<| lghq;= fhd∞
.kakd ,o w;r ks;H myiqlï o iyNd.s;aj wdh;k
fj; ,ndfok ,°' óg wu;rj fj<|fmdf<ys øjYS,;d
uÜgfuys ia:ßr fjkialï is≥ls¯ug jHjia:dms; ixÑ;
wjYH;dj o jeo.;a ldr®hNdrhla bgqlrk ,°' i;s
foll ixÑ; .Kkh ls¯fï iy mj;ajd f.k hEfï
ld,h yuqfõ 2016 jifr® ° talaIK fj<|fmdf<a fmd,S
wkqmd;slfha úp,H;djhka wju jk m˙† jd◊c nexl=
ish øjYS, wjYH;dj iM,∞hS f,i l<ukdlrKh lrk
,°'
6'3 fláld,Sk fmd,S wkqmd;slj, yeisÍu
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ñ,° .ekSu
fya;=fldgf.k jir wdrïNfha ° wka;r® nexl= uqo,a
fj<|fmd< by< w;s˙la; øjYS,;d uÜgula meje;=◊'
II fldgi - 74
II fldgi
fuu w;s˙la; øjYS,;dj fláld,Sk yd †.=ld,Sk
m%;sñ,°.ekqï fjkafoais yryd ;djld,sl mokñka o
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ia:djr moku u; úls”u yryd
ia:djr mokñka o wjfYdaIKh lr .kakd ,°' óg
wu;rj" 2016 ckjd˙ 16 jk †k isg n,meje;afjk
m˙† uy nexl=j úiska jd◊c nexl=j, ishÆu remsh,a
;ekam;= j.lSï i|yd jk jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wkqmd;slh
m%;sY;dxl 1'50 lska ishhg 7'50 olajd by< ±óu yryd
remsh,a ì,shk 52 la wjfYdaIKh lr.kakd ,°' Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j úiska úfoaY úksuh wdY%s; .kqfokq u.ska o
remsh,a øjYS,;dj wjfYdaIKh lr .kakd ,°' tneúka"
foaYSh uqo,a fj<|fmdf<ys w;s˙la; remsh,a øjYS,;dj
l%ufhka wvq jQ w;r 2016 udr®;= wjidkh jkúg
fjf<|fmd< øjYS,;dj iuia; ysÛhla njg m;aúh'
fuu fjf<|fmd< øjYS,;d ysÛh foieïnr® w. Nd.h
olajd meje;=◊' fuu ld,iSudj ;=< °" fndfyda †kj, °
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska m%;súlsKqï fjkafoais mj;ajk
,°' úfoaY úksuh wdYs%; .kqfokq iy úfoaYSh Kh
,nd.ekSï m%Odk jYfhka fya;=fldgf.k uqo,a
fjf<|fmd< øjYS,;dj foieïnr® w. Nd.fha ° kej;
w;s˙la;hla njg m˙jr®;kh jQ w;r 2015 foieïnr®
wjidkfha mej;s øjYS,;djh jQ remsh,a ì,shk 81'7 iuÛ
iei£fï ° 2016 wjidkfha ° th remsh,a ì,shk 39'2 l
w;s˙la; øjYS,;djla njg m;a úh'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl jk
ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd;slh iy ks;H Kh
myiqlï wkqmd;slh ms<sfj<ska mokï wxl 50 ne.ska
2016 fmnrjd˙ ui 19 jk †k iy 2016 cQ,s ui 28 jk
†k by< kexùfuka wk;=rej ishhg 7'00 iy ishhg
8'50 olajd by< .sfhah' 2015 jir w. ° ishhg 6'40 l
mej;s n˙; idudkH talaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slh 2016 uq,a
ld,m˙Éf√ofha ° by< hdfï m%jK;djla fmkajk ,°'
jifr® m%:u m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl ixfYdaOkhg miq
n˙; idudkH talaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slh m%;sm;a;s fmd,S
wkqmd;sl fld˙fvdafõ by< iSudj olajd YS>%fhka by<
hk ,°' udr®;= ui w. jkúg øjYS,;dj ;j≥rg;a my<
hdu;a iuÛ rcfha iq/l=ïm;a oaú;ShSl fjf<|fmdf<a
.kqfokqj,ska ,efnk fmd,S wd∞hug w∞<j is≥ lrk
,o n≥ .e,mSfï m%;sM,hla f,i n˙; idudkH talaIK
uqo,a wkqmd;slh m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl fld˙fvdafõ
by< iSudfjka msg;g .uka l< w;r" cQ,s udifha
kej;;a m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl ixfYdaOkh lrk ;=re
ishhg 8'20 wdikakfha mej;=◊' m<uq m%;sm;a;s fmd,S
wkqmd;sl ixfYdaOkfha ° fjf<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;sl
úYd, jYfhka fjkia jQ fyhska fojk m%;sm;a;s fmd,S
wkqmd;sl ixfYdaOkfha ° n˙; idudkH talaIK uqo,a
wkqmd;slh iqΩ jYfhka by< f.dia m%;sm;a;s fmd,S
wkqmd;sl fld˙fvdaj ;=< rπ mej;=◊' 2016 jir
wjidkfha n˙; idudkH talaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slh
ishhg 8'42 la úh' 2016 jifr® ffoksl idudkH talaIK
uqo,a fjf<|fmd< m˙udj remsh,a ì,shk 14'5 la jQ
w;r" th remsh,a ì,shk 2'99 l iy remsh,a ì,shk
25'05 l mrdihl mej;=◊' nexl= lsysmhla talaIK uqo,a
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

fjf<|fmd<ska ksrka;rfhka Kh .ekSu is≥ lrk ,°' n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= iuÛ lrk ,o .kqfokq"
talaIK uqo,a fjf<|fmd<ska Kh .ekSu i,ld ne¨ úg YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska yiqrejk ,o rcfha úfoaY Kh
uqΩ Kh .ekSï j,ska ishhg 77 la is≥ lr ;snqfKa nexl= ,eîï iy f.ùï" rch úiska úfoaYShj iy foaYShj ksl=;a
4 la úisks' lrk úfoaY úksuh ne∫ïlr" n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=j,
uqo,a ;ekam;= iy wdmiq .ekSï" YS% ,xld uy nexl=j i;=
n˙; idudkH fjf<|fmd< m%;sñ,°.ekqï wkqmd;slh
fndfyda fihska n˙; idudkH talaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slhg NdKavd.dr ì,am;a m%udKfhys is≥jk fjkiaùï iy
iudk yeis¯ula fmkakqï lrk ,°' th 2016 m<uq úfoaY uqo,a fjf<|fmdf<ys YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska is≥
ldr®;=fõ° l%ufhka by< f.dia cQ,s udifha m%;sm;a;s lrk ue†y;aùï hkd° idOl u; øjYS,;d mqfrdal:kh
fmd,S wkqmd;sl kej; by< kxjk f;la ishhg 8'00 mdol fõ'
wdikakfha mej;=◊' ±ä uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ia:djrhg
m%;spdr f,i by< hñka jdr®;d l< by<u w.h jQ ^wd& ffoksl fjkafoais
ishhg 9'15 Tlaf;danr® ui ueo jkúg fmkakqï lrk ^⁄& m%;sñ,°.ekqï fjkafoais
,°' fjf<|fmd< øjYS,;d uÜgu wkqj fjkia fjñka
2016 w. jkúg th ishhg 8'62 la úh' tla m%d:ñl 2016 jifr® ° talaIK m%;sñ,°.ekqï fjkafoais
fjf<kaofl=f.a .kqfokq bj;a lr ^Kh f.ùfï wjia:d 11 l° mj;ajk ,o w;r tys ° b†˙m;a lrk
fkdyels ;;a;ajhg m;aùu ksid fjf<|fmd< fmd,S ,o jákdlu remsh,a ì,shk 272 la úh' fjkafoais
wkqmd;sl j,g by<ska .kqfokq is≥ lrk& n˙; idudkH foll ishÆ ,xiq m%;slafIam lrk ,o w;r jákdlu
fjf<|fmd< m%;sñ,°.ekqï wkqmd;slh 2016 foieïnr® remsh,a ì,shk 151'82 la jQ fjkafoais 9 la ms<s.kakd
ui w. jkúg m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl fld˙fvdafõ ,o w;r tys n˙; idudkH M,∞ wkqmd;slh ishhg
by< iSudjg wdikakj ishhg 8'50 l mej;=◊' 7'42 la iy ishhg 7'50 mrdih ;=< mej;=◊'

2017 cd;sl whjeh fhdackd ls%hd;aul ls¯u;a iuÛ ^⁄⁄& m%;súl=Kqï fjkafoais
m%;sñ,°.ekqï .kqfokq u; n≥ .e,mSu fya;=fjka
2016 jifr® fndfyda †khkays talaIK m%;súl=Kqï
fláld,Sk fmd,S wkqmd;sl i|yd we;s ù ;sfnk .egÆ"
fjkafoais mj;ajk ,°' foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j
2017 wfm%a,a ui 01 jk †k isg n≥ ixfYdaOkh;a iuÛ my
remsh,a ì,shk 4"252 l jákdlñka hq;= m%;súl=Kqï
ù hkq we;' túg n˙; idudkH talaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slh
m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl fld˙fvdaj ;=< iSudjkq we;' fjkafoais 136 la mj;ajk ,o w;r thska remsh,a
ì,shk 3"949'72 l jákdlulska hqla; fjkafoais
II-4 rEm igyk
iuia; øjYS,;dj iy ks;H fmd,S 134 la ms<s.kakd ,o w;r tys n˙; idudkH M,∞
wkqmd;sl fldßfvdaj wkqmd;slh ishhg 6'59 iy ishhg 8'50 mrdih ;=<
450 10 mej;=◊' flfia fj;;a" iyNd.s;aj wdh;k úiska
400 9 by< fmd,S wkqmd;slhka b†˙m;a ls¯u fya;=fldg
350 8
300 f.k m%;súl=Kqï fjkafoais 2l ishÆ ,xiq m%;slafIam
remsh,a ì,shk

7
250
6 lrk ,°'
ishhg

200
5
150
4
100
3 ^we& fláld,Sk fjkafoais
50
0 2
-50 1 ^⁄& m%;sñ,° .ekqï fjkafoais
-100 0
t†ku mshùfï moku u; i;shla olajd ld,
1-ck-14
1-udr®'-14
1-uehs-14
1-cQ,s-14
1-iema-14

1-ck-15
1-udr®'-15
1-uehs-15
1-cQ,s-15
1-iema-15

1-ck-16
1-udr®'-16
1-uehs-16
1-cQ,s-16
1-iema-16

1-ck-17
1-fkdje-14

1-fkdje-15

1-fkdje-16

iSudjlg øjYS,;dj wjfYdaIKh lr .ekSfï

tla†k fjkafoaish †.=ld,Sk fjkafoaish ks;H myqilu Wmdhla f,i fláld,Sk fjkafoais mj;ajhs' 2016
fláld,Sk fjkafoaish ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï ks;H Kh myiqlï
wkqmd;slh wkqmd;slh jifr® ° foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j fláld,Sk
n˙; idudkH talaIK úfYaI ks;H ;ekam;=
uqo,a wkqmd;slh wkqmd;slh m%;sñ,°.ekqï fjkafoais 3 la mj;ajk ,°' thska
remsh,a ì,shk 80 la ms˙keuQ w;r" remsh,a ì,shk
47 l m%udKhla wjfYdaIKh lr .ekq◊' tys nr
6'3'1 újg fjf<| lghq;=
;nk ,o idudkH M,∞ wkqmd;slh ishhg 6'29 ;a
^w& øjYS,;d mqfrdal:kh ishhg 6'50 ;a w;r mej;=◊'
foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska fjf<|fmdf<ys ^⁄⁄& m%;súl=Kqï fjkafoais
t†fk∞ ue†y;aùu ksr®Kh ls¯u i|yd ffokslj
fjf<|fmd< øjYS,;dj mqfrdal:kh lrkq 2016 jifr® ° foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j
,nhs' YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska rch iy fláld,Sk m%;súl=Kqï fjkafoais fkdmj;ajk ,°'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 75

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
^wE& †.=ld,Sk fjkafoais
^⁄& m%;sñ,° .ekqï fjkafoais
2016 ckjd˙ udifha° muKla †.=ld,Sk
m%;sñ,° .ekqï fjkafoais mj;ajk ,°' †.=ld,Sk
m%;sñ,° .ekqï fjkafoais 14 la mj;ajk ,o w;r"
remsh,a ì,shk 165 la ms˙kuk ,°' thska remsh,a
ì,shk 53'10 la fjkafoais 9 la Tiafia wjfYdaIKh
lr.kakd ,o w;r tys nr ;nk ,o idudkH
M,∞ wkqmd;slh ishhg 6'37 ;a ishhg 6'55 ;a w;r
mej;=◊' †.=ld,Sk m%;sñ,°.ekqï fjkafoaisj, ld,
iSudj †k 11 ;a †k 28 ;a w;r mej;=◊'
^⁄⁄& m%;súl=Kqï fjkafoais
2016 jifr® ° foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j lsis≥
†.=ld,Sk m%;súl=Kqï fjkafoaishla fkdmj;ajk ,°'
^b& ia:ßr moku u; jQ .kqfokq
foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska w;s˙la; øjYS,;dj
wjfYdaIKh lr.ekSu i|yd NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ia:ßr
moku u; wf,ú ls¯ug 2016 m<uq udi fol ;=< °
fjkafoais mj;ajk ,°' foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j
ia:ßr moku u; NdKavd.dr ì,am;a wf,ú ls¯fï
fjkafoais 9 la mj;ajk ,°' thska remsh,a ì,shk 60 l
m%udKhla ms˙kuk ,o w;r" remsh,a ì,shk 39'60 l
m%udKhla fjkafoais 6 la Tiafia wjfYdaIKh lr .kakd
,°' tys nr ;nk ,o idudkH M,∞ wkqmd;slh ishhg
6'47 ;a ishhg 6'77 ;a w;r mej;=◊' iyNd.s;aj wdh;k
úisska b†˙m;a lrk ,o my< wkqmd;sl fya;=fjka
fjkafoais 3 l ishÆu ,xiq m%;slafIam lrk ,°'
fjf<|fmdf<ys mej;s øjYS,;d ysÛ;dj ksid 2016
fkdjeïnr® ui w. ld, iSudfõ °" fjf<|fmd<g ia:ßr
moku u; uqo,a ,nd°u i|yd NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ia:ßr
moku u; ñ,g .ekSu is≥ lrk ,°' foaYSh lghq;=
fomdr®;fïka;=j ia:ßr moku u; NdKavd.dr ì,am;a
ñ,g .ekSfï fjkafoais 78 la mj;ajk ,°' tu.ska remsh,a
ì,shk 165 l m%udKhla ms˙kuk ,o w;r" remsh,a
ì,shk 15'8 l m%udKhla fjkafoais 15 la Tiafia ms<s.kakd
,°' tys nr ;nk ,o idudkH M,∞ wkqmd;slh ishhg
8'65 ;a ishhg 9'95 ;a w;r mej;=◊' iyNd.s;aj wdh;k
úiska b†˙m;a lrk ,o by< wkqmd;slhka fya;=fjka
fuu fjkafoais 16 ishÆu ,xiq m%;slafIam lrk ,°' b;s˙
fjkafoais i|yd fjf<|fmdf<ka m%;spdrhla fkd;snq◊'
6'3'2 ks;H myiqlu
wka;r® nexl= uqo,a fjf<|fmdf<ka iy újg fjf<|
lghq;= fjkafoais ;=<ska ;u øjYS,;d wjYH;djka
iïmQr®Kfhka imqrd .ekSug fkdyels jQ iyNd.s;aj
wdh;k i|yd ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd;slh yd
ks;H Kh myiqlï wkqmd;slh hgf;a ks;H myiqlï
II fldgi - 76
II fldgi
iemhSu jir mqrd u is≥ lrk ,°' ks;H ;ekam;=
myiqlïj, uqΩ jákdlu remsh,a ì,shk 5"572'7 la jQ
w;r tys ffoksl idudkH remsh,a ì,shk 23'1 la úh'
ks;H Kh myiqlïj, uqΩ jákdlu remsh,a ì,shk
3"208'3 la jQ w;r tys ffoksl idudkH remsh,a ì,shk
15'8 la úh'
6'3'3 jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wjYH;dj
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ úêúOdkj,g wkql+,j iEu jd◊c
nexl=jla úiska u ish uqΩ remsh,a ;ekam;= j.lSu mokï
lrf.k uy nexl=fjys mj;ajdf.k hk cx.u .sKqfï
wksjdr®hfhka †km;d mj;ajdf.k hd hq;= wju ixÑ;
m%udKh jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wjYH;dj f,i y∫kajkq
,efí' jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wjYH;dj mj;ajdf.k hEu
md,kh ls¯u iy jd◊c nexl= úiska olajk wkql+,;dj
wëlaIKh ls¯u foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=fõ j.lSuls'
wdr®:ßlfha b†˙ WoaOuk ;;a;Ajhka W.%ùug ;=vq†h yels
uqo,a iuia;hkaf.a wksis m%idrKh je<elaùfï wruq◊ka
jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wjYH;d wkqmd;h ishhg 7'50 la
olajd m%;sY;dxl 1'50 lska 2016 ckjd˙ 16 jeks †k isg
n,meje;afjk m˙† by< kexùug 2015 foieïnr® ui
° ;SrKh lrk ,°' tys m%;sM,hla jYfhka 2016 jir
wdrïNfha ° Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska remsh,a ì,shk
52'0 l w;s˙la; øjYS,;d m%udKhla uqo,a fjf<|fmdf<ka
wjfYdaIKh lr.kakd ,°'
6'3'4 nexl= wkqmd;slh
uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 87 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a n,m;%,dNS
jd◊c nexl=j,g imhkq ,nk fláld,Sk w;a;sldrï
u; jQ uy nexl= fmd,S wkqmd;slh ishhg 15 la f,i
fkdfjkiaj mej;=◊' flfia jqjo" fuu fmd,S wkqmd;slh
hgf;a jd◊c nexl=j,g uy nexl=fjka Kh ,nd .ekSfï
wjYH;djla fuu jir ;=< ° we;s fkdùh'
6'4 rcfha iy jd◊‚c nexl=j, nexl=lre jYfhka uy
nexl=fõ ld¾hNdrh
6'4'1 uQ,H wdh;kj, .sKqï
jd◊c nexl=j, nexl=lre jYfhka uy nexl=fõ
ldr®hNdrh bgq lrñka" ldr®hlaIu wka;r® nexl= f.ùï
iy mshùï moaO;shla iy;sl lrkq ms◊i foaYSh lghq;=
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska jd◊c nexl= iy m%d:ñl fjf<∫ka
yg cx.u .sKqï myiqlï iemhSu wLKavj is≥ lrk ,°'
2016 jir wjidkh jk úg Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska
jd◊c nexl= iy m%d:ñl fj<∫ka i|yd .sKqï 25 la
mj;ajd f.k hk ,°' fuu .sKqï ;;ald,Sk o< mshjqï
moku u; l%shd;aul úh'
6'4'2 rcfha .sKqï
2016 jir wjidkh jk úg Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska
mj;ajdf.k hkq ,enQ tjeks uqΩ .sKqï ixLHdj 61 ls'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

ta wkqj" foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j rch fjkqfjka 6'6 uqo,a ;e/õlrejka wëlaIKh
remsh,a ì,shk 14"963'3 la jákd .kqfokq 22"730 la is≥
uqo,a fjf<|fmdf<ys ^uqo,a" úfoaY úksuh iy rcfha
lrk ,°' tu .kqfokq ixLHdfjka ishhg 90 lg jeä iq/l=ïm;a& ñ, .fõIK ls%hdj,sfha ° uqo,a
m%;sY;hla ksfhdacH NdKavd.dr f,alï .sKqu" rdcH ;e/õlrejkaf.a ldr®hfhys jeo.;alu i,ld n,ñka
Kh fomdr®;fïka;=fõ cx.u .sKqu" foaYSh wd∞hï uqo,a kS;s mkf;a wxl 10 ^we& j.ka;sh hgf;a 2013
flduid˙iaf.a tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ wdmiq f.ùfï fmnrjd˙ 15 jk †k isg ls%hd;aul jk m˙† 2013 wxl
.sKqu iy ckdêm;s wruqo,a .sKqu hk .sKqïj,g wh;a 01 ork uqo,a ;e/õldr kshdukh ksl=;a lrk ,°' uqo,a
úh' ;e/õlrejkaf.a iud.ï 9 la i|yd zn,h meje¯fï
iy;slZ fuu kshdukh wkqj ksl=;a lrk ,o w;r" tajd
uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 89 jeks j.ka;sh m%ldrj rcfha zn,h,;a uqo,a ;e/õlrefjdaZ f,i kï lrk ,°' 2016
b†˙ jifr® ° weia;fïka;=.; wd∞hfuka ishhg 10 wxl 01 ork uqo,a ;e/õldr mkf;ys 20 jeks kshdukh
Wm˙uhlg hg;aj uy nexl=j úiska rchg fmd,S rys; wkqj" uqo,a fjf<|fmd< lghq;= wëCIKh jeä †hqKq
;djld,sl w;a;sldrï ,nd °ug lghq;= lrkq ,efí' ls¯u i|yd foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska uqo,a
2015 jifr® ° rchg ,nd ≥ka ;djld,sl w;a;sldrï uqo, ;e/õlrejkag Tjqka úiska yiqrjk ,o .Kqfokq yd
remsh,a ì,shk 153'2 iuÛ iei£fï °" 2016 wdrïNh jk iïnkaO ishÆu o;a; jdr®;d ls¯u i|yd ux.; moaO;shla
úg rchg ,ndfok ;djld,sl w;a;sldrï uqo,a remsh,a y∫kajd fok ,°' tA wkqj uqo,a ;e/õlrejka yryd
ì,shk 185'1 olajd remsh,a ì,shk 31'9 lska jeä úh' is≥jk ishÆu .kqfokq w∞< mdr®Yajhkaf.a kï iuÛska
,xiq ;eîfï f;dr;=re hdj;ald,Sk ls¯u wjYH fõ'
6'5 tlaosk øjYS,;d myiqlu iemhSu foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j jir ;=< ° n,h,;a uqo,a
;e/õldr iud.ï 9 l t;eka m¯laIK mj;ajk ,o
;;ald,Sk o< mshjqï moaO;sh ;=< fufyhqï lghq;= iqugj w;r" tu iud.ïj, wOHlaI uKav, iuÛ /iaùï
yd ldr®hlaIuj is≥ ls¯u iy;sl ls¯ug foaYSh lghq;= 6 la mj;ajk ,°' 2016 jir ;=< n,h,;a uqo,a ;e/õldr
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska iyNd.s;aj wdh;k fj; †kh wdh;k ixLHdj fkdfjkiaj mej;=◊'
;=< øjYS,;d myiqlï imhk ,°' NdKavd.dr ì,am;a
iy NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr iq/l=ï f,i ;nd .ksñka uqo,a ;e/õldr iud.ï ,ehsia;=j
,nd fok fuu myiqlï iemhSu" .dia;=jlska f;drj 1' ndÜ,SÜ uelaf,ahs wekaâ frdahs ^m%hsjÜ& ,sñgâ
is≥ l< w;r" iq/l=ïm;aj, jr®;udk ñ, .Kka wkqj
2' µiaÜ t,dhkaia uks fn%dalr®ia ^m%hsjÜ& ,sñgâ
ñ, WÉPdjpkhka wdjrKh lr.; yels m˙† m%udKj;a
.e,mSula tys ° is≥ lrk ,°' 3' fcdar®– iagqjr®Ü bkafjiaÜukaÜia ^mSùà& ,sñgâ
4' tï ù tia uks fn%dalr®ia ,sñgâ
II-5 rEm igyk
2016 ;=< ,nd.;a tla Èk øjYS,;d myiqlu 5' kjdrd fµdfrlaia wekaâ uks fn%dalr®ia ,sñgâ

75 6' ms.Ü pemauka wekaâ lïmeks ^mSùà& ,sñgâ

65
7' tia tï î uks fn%dalr®ia ^m%hsjÜ& ,sñgâ
remsh,a ì,shk

55

45
8' gefm%dfíka bkafjiaÜukaÜia ^m%hsjÜ& ,sñgâ
35 9' úIaúka uks wekaâ tlaiafÉka– fn%dalr®ia ,sñgâ
25

15
7' wd¾Ól m¾fhaIK
5
ck'-15

fmn'-15

udr®'-15

wfma%'-15

uehs'-15

cqks-15

cQ,s-15

wf.da-15

iema'-15

Tla'-15

fkdje-15'

foie'-15

wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j" 1949 uqo,a kS;s mk;

hgf;a Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j ia:dms; lrk ,o wjia:dfõ °
tla †k øjYS,;d ffoksl idudkHh msysgqjk ,o m%Odk;u fomdr®;fïka;= w;=˙ka tla
myiqlu
fomdr®;fïka;=jls' uqo,a yd nexl= iy wfkl=;a fmd≥
wdr®:ßl úIh lreKq iïnkaOfhka m%;sm;a;s yd l%shdudr®.
fuu jir ;=< ° ,nd.;a uqΩ tla†k øjYS,;d myiqlï ilia ls¯u iy l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd uqo,a uKav,hg
m%udKh iy ffoksl idudkHh" ms<sfj<ska remsh,a yd wêm;sjrhdg Wmld¯ ùu ms◊i iy uyck;djg
ì,shk 9"351 iy remsh,a ì,shk 38'8 la úh' fuh fmr f;dr;=re ,nd°u i|yd o;a; ilia ls¯u fukau wdr®:ßl
jifr® mej;s fuu w.hka jk remsh,a ì,shk 5"594 iy mr®fhaIK is≥ ls¯u" uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 25 jk j.ka;sh
remsh,a ì,shk 23'3 iuÛ iei£fï ° by< hdula jdr®;d wkqj wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=jg mej¯ we;s
lrk ,°' m%Odk ldr®hNdrhka fõ' wdr®:ßl yd ñ, ia:dhS;dj mj;ajd

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 77

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
.ekSu i|yd jk uy nexl=fõ wruqK <Ûdlr .ekSu
i|yd uqo,a yd úfoaY wxYfha m%;sm;a;s fukau rcfha
wdr®:ßl WmfoaYl f,i lghq;= ls¯u i|yd iydh fjñka
wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j ish ldr®hNdrh
bgq lf<ah' wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
ld,Sk úIhhka iïnkaOfhka mr®fhaIK is≥ ls¯u o"
uy nexl=fjys jHjia:dms; m%ldYk m%ldYhg m;als¯u o"
uyck;dj we;=Ω wdr®:ßlfha ishÆ mdr®Yajlrejka
fj; o;a; iy f;dr;=re fn∞ye¯u o" rch fjkqfjka
cd;Hka;r ixúOdk iuÛ ióm in|;d meje;aùu o
wLKavj is≥ lrk ,°'
7'1 wd¾Ól yd ñ, ia:dhS;dj mj;ajd .ekSu
wdr®:ßl yd ñ, ia:dhS;dj mj;ajd .ekSfï Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ wruqK imqrd,Sfuys,d" wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska foaYSh wdr®:ßlfha úfoaY" rdcH
uQ,H" uqo,a iy uQr®; hk ishÆu wxYj, fukau f.da,Sh
wdr®:ßlfha m%jK;d iy fjkiaùï iómj wëlaIKh
lrk ,°' ta wkqj" wvq WoaOukld¯ ;;a;ajhla ;=<
ys;lr wdr®:ßl jr®Okhla we;s ls¯u i|yd wjYH jk
uqo,a m%;sm;a;sfhys †Ydk;sh ms<sn| uqo,a uKav,h fj;
b†˙ ±laulska hq;=j ksr®foaY ,nd°u i|yd uqo,a m%;sm;a;s
lñgqjg yelsjk m˙† wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska wLKavj ks¯laIK is≥ lrk w;r" idr®j wdr®:ßl
ixLHdk iy idr®j wdr®:ßlñ:ßl mqfrdal:k mdol
fldgf.k is≥ lrkq ,nk mqΩ,a úYaf,aIK fukau
ksis m%;sm;a;s ksr®foaY o uqo,a m%;sm;a;s lñgqjg b†˙m;a
lrk ,°' fuu ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sh i|yd wjYH jk
m%Odk fhojqï jk u;=msg iy uQ,sl WoaOuk mqfrdal:k"
wdr®:ßlfha m%Yia; ksuejqï yelshdj iy ksuejqï mr;rh
ms<sn| weia;fïka;= iy uqo,a yd Kh iuia;j, yeis¯u
ms<sn| o;a;" wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
wLKavj iïmdokh lrk ,°' m%Odk idr®j wdr®:ßl
úp,Hj, wfmalaIs; l%shdld˙;ajhg n,mE yels foaYSh iy
cd;Hka;r wdr®:ßl úp,khkaf.ka mekk.sk wj∞kï
ms<sn|j o uqo,a uKav,h ±kqïj;a ls¯u fukau" iq≥iq
m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®. fhdackd ls¯u o wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska is≥ lrk ,°' 2015 jdr®Isl jdr®;dj
u.ska i|yka l< wkaoug" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska
wkq.ukh flfrk jeä†hqKq l< uqo,a m%;sm;a;s rduqj
hgf;a ue†ld,Sk jYfhka kuHYS,S WoaOuk b,lallrK
rduqjla lrd fhduqùu i|yd fhda‚; ixl%dka;s ie,eiaug
wod<j m%Odk wdr®:ßl mdr®Yajlrejka ms<sn| úêu;a
we.hSula wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska is≥
lrk ,°' fuys uQ,sl mshjrla f,i" mqfrdal:k iy
m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIK moaO;shla ^Forcasting and Policy
Analysis System, FPAS) ia:dmkh ls¯u i|yd 2016 jifr®
° wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska cd;Hka;r
uQ,H wruqof,a ;dlaI◊l lKavdhula iuÛ tlaj lghq;=
lrk ,°' ta wkqj" wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska ;dlaI◊l iydh iydh i|yd jk ¥; fufyjr
lKavdhï ;=kla iïnkaëlrKh lrk ,o w;r" thg
II fldgi - 78
II fldgi
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;s WmfoaYk mr®Ioh
;=<ska f;dard.;a ldr®huKav, idud‚lfhda o iyNd.s jQy'
idr®j wdr®:ßl wdlD;s ksr®udKh iy mqfrdal:khg w∞<j
uy nexl= ldr®h uKav,fha ;dlaI◊l l=i,;d jeä†hqKq
ls¯u fuys wruqK úh' ta wkqj" fuu moaO;sh mshjr
jYfhka l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd 2016 jifr® uehs udifha °"
wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ldr®h uKav,h
fj; m%Odk j.lSï mjrñka wka;r® fomdr®;fïka;=
wdlD;s iy mqfrdal:k tallhla msysgqjk ,°' mqfrdal:k
iy m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIK moaO;sh l%shd;aul ls¯fï jeo.;a
wx.hla f,i" wdlD;s yd mqfrdal:k tallh cd;Hka;r
uQ,H wruqof,a lKavdhu iuÛ tlaj ue†ld,Sk mqfrdal:k
is≥lr tys m%;sM, iy m%;sm;a;suh ksr®foaY uqo,a m%;sm;a;s
lñgqfjys úfYaI /iaùula i|yd b†˙m;a lrk ,°'
fuu l%shd∞uh b†˙hg is≥lr f.k hEfï wdh;ksl
lemùfï wjYH;dj y∫kd .ksñka" wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=j ;=< wdlD;slrK iy mqfrdal:k wxYhla
ia:ßr jYfhka ia:dmkh lrk ,°' ta wkqj" mqfrdal:k
iy m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIK moaO;sh jeä†hqKq ls¯u yd
l%shd;aul ls¯u Y%S ,xldj i|yd uQ,H jevigykla ilia
ls¯u" wdlD;s mokï lr.;a m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIK is≥ ls¯u
iy wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wfkl=;a wxY
iuÛ tlaj mr®fhaIK is≥ ls¯u hk j.lSï wdlD;slrK
iy mqfrdal:k wxYhg mjrd we;' fuu jir ;=< °"
wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska cd;Hka;r
uQ,H wruqof,a uqo,a iy uQ,H ixLHdk ms<sfh, ls¯u
ms<sn| kj;u w;afmd;g wkql+,j uqo,a ixLHdk
hdj;ald,Sk ls¯u wdrïN lrk ,°' ta wkqj" 2016 cQ,s
udifha° ;dlaI◊l iydh ,nd .ekSu i|yd cd;Hka;r
uQ,H wruqof,ys lKavdhul Wmldr iys;j uy nexl=j
iy wfkl=;a ;ekam;= wdh;k i|yd iïu; jdr®;dlrK
wdlD;s y∫kajd °ug wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
lghq;= l< w;r" uy nexl=fõ úYaf,aIK wjYH;d
imqrd,sh yels taldnoaO uqo,a o;a; mokula ksr®udKh
ls¯fï l%shdj,sh i|yd ldr®h uKav,h fhduq lrk ,°'
fuu ;dlaI◊l iydh ,nd .ekSfuka miqj" Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j úiska cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,ys iïu;
jdr®;dlrK wdlD;sj,g wkql+,j o;a; jdr®;d ls¯u
wdrïN lrk ,°'
7'2 úfoaYSh wxYfha ia:dhS;dj mj;ajd .ekSu
wdr®:ßlfhys úfoaYSh wxYfhys ia:dhS;dj mj;ajd .ekSug
iydh ùu ms◊i wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska cd;Hka;r uQ,H iy fj<|dug w∞< wdr®:ßl
ixLHd o;a; /ia ls¯u" iïmdokh ls¯u iy úYaf,aIKh
ls¯fuys wLKavj ksr; jQ w;r" foaYSh yd f.da,Sh
wdr®:ßlfha fjkiaùï ms<sn|j mqΩ,a we.hSï is≥ lrñka
iq≥iq m%;sm;a;s ksr®foaY ,nd °u is≥ lrk ,°' wdr®:ßlfha
wfkl=;a wxYj, fjkiaùï yd iu.dój úfoaYSh wxYfhys
ixLHd o;a; iy kdñl yd uQr®; úksuh wkqmd;sl u.ska
ms<sìUq jk úfoaYSh wxYfhys fjkiaùï" uqo,a m%;sm;a;s
lñgqj iy uqo,a uKav,h fj; udislj jdr®;d lrk ,°'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
úfoaYSh wxYhg w∞< úúO lreKq iïnkaOfhka
úYaf,aIKh ls¯u iy ks¯laIK ,nd °ug wu;rj" uqo,a
kS;s mkf;ys úêúOdkj,g wkqj" rch úisska úfoaYSh
Kh .ekSfï ° bka uqo,a m%;sm;a;shg we;s jk n,mEu
we.hSu o wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
wLKavj is≥ lrk ,°'
óg wu;rj" ksrka;r iy ld,Sk uqo,a uKav, m;%sld
b†˙m;a ls¯u ;=<ska úfoaYSh wxYfha we;s úh yels
wj∞kï ms<sn|j uqo,a uKav,h ±kqïj;a ls¯u i|yd o
wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j jeo.;a ldr®hNdrhla
bgq lf<ah' 2016 cqks udifha ° cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo,
fj;ska ú'.e'ys' ì,shk 1'1 ^wdikak jYfhka t'c' fvd,r®
ì,shk 1'5& la jákd ;=ka wjqre≥ úia;Sr®K Kh myiqlu
,nd .ekSu i|yd wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska ;dlaI◊l iydh iemhQ w;r" tu jevigyk
hgf;a tl`. jQ ldr®hidOk ksr®Kdhl" w;rue† b,lal
iy jHQyd;aul ñkqïo~qj, m%.;sh ms<sn|j úêu;a f,i
uqo,a uKav,h ±kqïj;a lrk ,°'
wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska úfoaYSh wxYfha
ixLHd o;a; iïmdokh iy m%ldYkh jeä†hqKq ls¯u
i|yd fmr jirj, ° .kakd ,o l%shdudr®. fuu jifr® °o
wLKavj mj;ajdf.k hk ,°' wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska f.jqï ;=,k w;afmdf;ys yhfjks
ixialrKhg wkqj (BPM6) ldr®;=uh moku u; jk
f.jqï ;=,k ixLHd o;a; iy cd;Hka;r wdfhdack
;;a;ajh ms<sn| ixLHd o;a; m%ldYhg m;a ls¯u iy
úfoaYSh Kh ms<sn| ixLHd o;a; ks;sm;d f,dal nexl=j
fj; jdr®;d ls¯u" iDcq wdfhdack o;a; jdr®Isl moku
u; úfoaYSh wdfhdack ms<sn| taldnoaO iólaIKhg
(CDIS) b†˙m;a ls¯u iy cd;Hka;r ixÑ; o;a;
igyk (RDT) m%ldYhg m;a ls¯u wLKavj is≥ lrk
,°' wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska cd;Hka;r
uQ,H wruqof,a úfYaIs; o;a; m%ldYk iïu;hg (SDDS)
w∞< uQ,sl wjYH;dj wkqj mQr®j ksfõ†; †k or®Ykhlg
wkqj o;a; m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,°' wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska o;a;j, ksrjoHNdjh iy ld,Sk
nj iy;sl ls¯u Wfoid" cd;Hka;r wdfhdack ms<sn|
jdr®Isl iólaIKh hgf;a úúO iólaIK lsysmhla is≥
lrkq ,enQ w;r" 2016 jifr®° tu.ska wdjrKh jk
iud.ï .Kk 1"600 la olajd by< kxjk ,°' fuu
iólaIK u.ska fm!oa.,sl wxYfhys úfoaYSh j;alï iy
j.lSï ms<sn| f;dr;=re iy fiajd wxYfhys ixLHd o;a;
/ia lrk ,°' ;j o" úfoaY fiajd kshqla;slhkaf.a fm%aIK
,eîï ms<sn| jQ udisl iólaIKh o wLKavj is≥ lrk
,°'
7'3 ¥ro¾YS m%;sm;a;suh WmfoaYk ,nd §u
2016 jir ;=< ° o uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" úksuh wkqmd;sl
m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H wxYhg w∞< .egÆ iïnkaOj
b†˙ ld,Sk ±laulska hq;= m%;sm;a;suh Wmfoia" wdr®:ßl
mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska uy nexl=fõ by<
l<ukdld˙;ajh iy rch fj; wLKavj ,nd fok ,°'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
fmr jirj, ° fukau" wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska uqo,a kS;s mkf;a wxl 116 ^1& j.ka;shg wkql+,j
§iema;eïnr® 15 jdr®;dj¶ uqo,a wud;Hjrhd fj; b†˙m;a
lrk ,°' whjeh f,aLkh ilia ls¯u i|yd m%;sm;a;suh
udr®f.damfoaYhla f,i b†˙m;a lrkq ,nk fuu ryiH
jdr®;dj u.ska" jifr® uq,a udi kjhg w∞<j wdr®:ßlfha
is≥jQ jr®Okhka idlÉPd lrk w;r" wdr®:ßlfha mj;sk
.egÆ iy tajd úi£u i|yd fhd∞ .; yels m%;sm;a;suh
l%shdudr®. o b†˙m;a lrkq ,efí' óg wu;rj" wdr®:ßl
mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska uqo,a kS;s mkf;a úúO
j.ka;sj, i|yka lr we;s m˙†" m%;sm;a;suh we.hSï iy
Wmfoia we;=<;a jdr®;d o uqo,a wud;Hjrhd fj; b†˙m;a
lrk ,°'
wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ks,Od¯yq ndysr
wdh;kj, lñgq iy uKav, i|yd ish ∞hl;ajh
wLKavj ,nd≥kay' fylagr® fldínElvqj f.dú lghq;=
mr®fhaIK yd mqyqKq ls¯ï wdh;kh" cd;sl úoHd
moku" ,xld ú≥,sn, uKav,h" cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj
ne∫ïlr ksl=;= iy úfoaY úksuh ld,Sk uQ,H myiqlï
,nd .ekSug w∞< fgkavr® uKav, iy ;dlaI◊l
we.hSï lñgq" rdcH uQ,H ixLHdk iïnkaëlrK lñgqj"
idïm%∞hsl fkdjk mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s .dia;= ms<sn|
lñgqj" c, iïmdok iy ikSmdrlaIl fiajd iemhqï
lñgqj iy .%dóh iuQmldr nexl= wOHhkh i|yd jk
lKavdhu wd†h fuhg we;=<;a fõ'
;j o" wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska iïnkaëlrKh
lrk uqo,a m%;sm;a;s lñgq /iaùï i|yd iyNd.s ùug wu;rj"
wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ fcHIaG ks,Od¯yq"
fj<|fmd< fufyhqï lñgqj" foaYSh Kh l<ukdlrK lñgqj"
wdfhdack iqm¯laIK lñgqj$wdfhdack lñgqj" cd;Hka;r
ixÑ; l<ukdlrK lñgqj" mqia;ld, WmfoaYd;aul lñgqj
iy mr®fhaIK m%ldYk lñgqj jeks uy nexl=fõ úúO wNHka;r
lñgq i|yd o ish ∞hl;ajh ,nd≥kay' wka;r® fomdr®;fïka;=
lñgq lsysmhla i|yd ;dlaI◊l ±kqu iy w;a±lSï imhñka o
ish ∞hl;ajh wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
wLKavj ,ndfok ,°'
7'4' jHjia:dms; m%ldYk iy o;a; yd f;dr;=re
fnodyeÍu
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ jHjia:dms; m%ldYk ksl=;a ls¯fï
uQ,sl j.lSu wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=jg mej¯
we;' ta wkqj" wfkl=;a fomdr®;fïka;=j, ∞hl;ajh yd
iydh we;sj wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
m%Odk jdr®Isl m%ldYk folla ksl=;a lrk ,°' uqo,a kS;s
mkf;a 35 jk j.ka;shg w∞< wjYH;dj imqrd,ñka"
wdr®:ßlfha ishÆ wxY wdjrKh jk m˙† wdr®:ßl m%jK;d
ms<sn| iúia;rd;aul úYaf,aIK" .egÆ yd wNsfhda. iy
m%;sm;a;s m%uqL;d fukau" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd
lghq;=" uqo,a uKav,h úiska wkq.ukh lrk ,o m%Odk
m˙md,k úêúOdk yd uy nexl= lghq;=j,g w∞<j
iïu; lrk ,o m%Odk kS;s wKmk;a iy ixLHdf,aLk
m˙YsIag we;=<;aj" 2015 jdr®Isl jdr®;dj kshñ; ld,
II fldgi - 79
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
jljdkqj ;=<° NdId ;%s;ajfhkau m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,°'
wdr®:ßlh ms<sn| wka;r®ld,Sk iudf,dapk jdr®;dj jk
§uE;ld,Sk wdr®:ßl m%jK;d( 2016 iqúfYaIS is≥ùï iy 2017
wfmalaIdjka¶ m%ldYkho 2016 fkdjeïnr® udifha° NdId
;%s;ajfhkau m%ldYhg m;a fl˙◊' 2017 jir wdrïNfha °
ksfõokh lrk ,o §2017 jir yd b†˙h i|yd uqo,a yd
uQ,H wxYh i|yd jQ m%;sm;a;s fmr±lau¶ 2016 foieïnr®
udifha ° wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ilia
lrk ,°'
fï w;r" wdr®:ßlfha ishÆ mdr®Yajlrejkaf.a m%fhdackh
ms◊i" wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska o;a; yd
f;dr;=re iuq∞hla ilia ls¯u yd m%ldYhg m;a ls¯u
wLKavju is≥ lrk ,°' uy nexl= fjí wvúh ;=<
ksr;=rej hdj;ald,Sk lrkq ,nk o;a;j,g wu;rj"
wdr®:ßlfha ishÆ wxY wdjrKh jk o;a; we;=<;a jk
udisl újr◊ld" i;sm;d iy udislj ms<sfh, lrkq
,nk wdr®:ßl or®Yl iy Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a
m%;sm;a;sh iy úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d ms<sn|j jk
udisl mqj;am;a ksfõok ta w;r fõ' fuhg wu;rj"
fmd≥ uyck;djf.a wjOdkhg ,lajQ wdr®:ßlfha úúO
m%jK;d ms<sn|j wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska mqj;am;a ksfõok ksl=;a lrk ,°'
7'5 m%;sm;a;suh m¾fhaIKj, ksr; ùu iy ±kqu
fnodyeÍu
Y%S ,xldfõ m%uqL;u wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK wdh;khla
f,i wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j" uqo,a m%;sm;a;s
lñgqfjys yd uqo,a uKav,fhys wjOdkh fhduq
lrùu ms◊i j;auka wdr®:ßl .egÆ yd m%;sm;a;s ms<sn|
fkdfhl=;a m%;sm;a;suh mr®fhaIK lghq;=j, ks;r úh'
f;dr;=re ±kqï °fï uqo,a uKav, m;%sld" uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh
ms<sn| uqo,a uKav, m;%sld" ks¯laIK jdr®;d iy b†˙m;a
ls¯ï hkd†h u.ska wdr®:ßlfhys ;;a;ajh" .egÆ" wNsfhda.
iy wj∞kï ;;a;aj fukau iq≥iq m%;sm;a;s †Ydj ms<sn|j
by< l<ukdld˙;ajh ks;sm;d ±kqïj;a ls¯fï lghq;=
wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska bgq lrkq ,eîh'
mr®fhaIK lghq;=j,g w∞< wNHka;r lñgqjla jk
§mr®fhaIK WmfoaYl uKav,h¶ úiska iuia;hla
jYfhka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j ;=< fukau fomdr®;fïka;j
;=<o mr®fhaIK is≥ ls¯fï keUqrej jeä†hqKq ls¯u
i|yd myiqlï ie,iSu wLKavj is≥ lrkq ,eîh'
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ks,Od¯kaf.a fukau wfkl=;a
fomdr®;fïka;=j, ks,Od¯kaf.a mr®fhaIK m%;sM,
we;=<;a Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ks, mr®fhaIK m%ldYkh
jk §udKav,sl m;%sld¶ m%ldYhg m;als¯u jeks lghq;=
wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska wLKavj
is≥lrk ,°' óg wu;rj" wdr®:ßl lafIa;%fha ;dlaI◊l
iy ld,Sk ±kqu yqjudre lr .ekSu †˙.kajkq ms◊i
úúO lafIa;%j, úfYaI{fhda fomdr®;fïka;=j ;=<
iïuka;%K .Kkdjla meje;ajQy' ;jo" jifr® wjidk
Nd.fha ° úúO Wiia wOHdmksl wdh;k fj;ska
meñfKk wdOqksl mqyqKqjkakkaf.ka iukaú;
lKavdhï yhla fjkqfjka wdr®:ßl úoHdj iy uy
nexl=lrKh ms<sn| m%dfhda.sl wOHdmksl ±kqu ,nd°u
II fldgi - 80
II fldgi
i|yd wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ishÆ wxY
tlaj l%shd lf<ah' wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j"
udkj iïm;a fomdr®;fïka;=j iy mqyqKq yd ixjr®Ok
fomdr®;fïka;=j iuÛ tlaj uy nexl=fõ ks,Od¯ka iy
uyck;dj fjkqfjka úúO ud;Dld iïnkaOj wdr®:ßl
iïuka;%K ud,djla fukau" m%isoaO foaYk ixúOdkh
lrk ,o w;r" jHqyd;aul iy by< .=Kd;aulNdjhlska
hq;= Wiia mqyqKq jevigyka h<s wdrïN ls¯ug o myiqlï
i,id fokq ,eîh'
mr®fhaIK WmfoaYl uKav,h úiska úúO mr®fhaIlhkag
iy Ydia;%{hkag ld,Sk idr®j wdr®:ßl .egÆ ms<sn| ish
mr®fhaIK b†˙m;a ls¯u i|yd wjia:djla imhñka Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ cd;Hka;r mr®fhaIK iuqΩj 9 fjks jrg;a
idr®:lj ixúOdkh lrk ,°' 2016 jifr® ° fuu iuqΩj
§wNsfhda.d;aul f.da,Sh iy foaYSh m˙irhla ;=< ;sridr
ixjr®Okh iy idr®j wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;s¶ hk f;audj hgf;a
mj;ajk ,°' bka°h ckrcfha l%uiïmdok fldñifï
ysgmq Wm iNdm;s wdpdr®h fudkafgla isx.a wÆjd,shd
uy;d úiska fuys m%Odk foaYkh mj;ajk ,°' fmr
jirj, fukau" 2016 iuqΩj i|yd ixjr®ê; iy ke.S tk
fj<|fmd< wdr®:ßlj, iy Y%S ,xldfõ úoHdia:dk iy
m%;sm;a;s iïmdok wdh;k úiska Wiia .Kfha mr®fhaIK
m;%sld úYd, m%udKhla b†˙m;a lr ;sì◊' ;Sj% úur®Yk
l%shdj,shlska miqj" wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
mr®fhaIK m;%sld folla o we;=Ωj" mr®fhaIK m;%sld wgla
fujr iuqΩfõ ° b†˙m;a ls¯ug f;dard .kakd ,°' fuu
iuqΩfõ iqúfYaIS wx.hla f,i §Y%S ,xld uQ,H fj<|fmd<
i|yd flgqïm;la¶ hk f;audj hgf;a uydpdr®h ,,s;a
iurfldaka uy;d úiska wdrdê; foaYkhla b†˙m;a
lrk ,°' 2016 jifr® ° fyd|u mr®fhaIK m;%sldj i|yd
jk wdpdr®h ã'tia'úf–isxy wkqiaurK m%∞kh" wdr®:ßl
mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ks,Od˙kshla jk wdpdr®h
iq„;d fc.„jka uy;añh fj; ms˙kuk ,°' ;jo" fuu
iuqΩfõ °" 2015 jifr® mj;ajk ,o cd;Hka;r mr®fhaIK
iuqΩfjys mr®fhaIK m;%sld lD;shla f,i m%ldYhg m;a
lr ,°'
wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ks,Od¯ka úiska
wLKavj iajlSh mr®fhaIK foaYSh yd cd;Hka;r
m%ldYkj, m< lrk ,°' Springer International
Publishing wdh;k úiska m< lrk ,o kï Causal
Inference in Econometrics lD;sfha Autoregressive
conditionl duration model with an extended distribution
hk mrsÉf√oh i|yd wdpdr®h risld há.ïuk uy;añh
úiska iu lr®;D;ajh ork ,o w;r" Journal of
International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money
kï i`.rdfõ m<jQ "Determinants of commercial bank
retail interest rate adjustments: evidence from a panel
data model" kï jQ mr®fhaIK m;%sldfõ iu lr®;D;ajh
wdpdr®h wdr®'ta' wks,a fmfr®rd uy;d úiska ork ,°'
wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI" w;sfr®l
wOHlaIjreka we;=Ω ks,Od¯ka úiska mr®fhaIK m;%sld
b†˙m;a lrkakka yd újrKh lrkakka f,i úúO iuqΩ
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
ksfhdackh lrk ,°' ud,†jhsfka mej;s §jHjyd˙l
wdr®:ßlñ:ßh ms<sn| jevigyk¶ yd ;dhs,ka;fha mej;s
§iDcq wdfhdack .sKqï iïmdokh¶ ms<sn| jevuqΩj
we;=Ω úúO foaYSh yd úfoaYSh mqyqKq jevigyka i|yd
wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ks,Od¯ka úiska
iïm;a ∞hl;ajh ,nd fok ,°' wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ks,Od¯ka fofofkl= uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh
yd idr®j wdr®:ßl wdlD;slrKh ms<sn|j ish mr®fhaIK
m;%sld w.aks†. wdishdkq uy nexl= wdh;kh (SEACEN
Centre) u.ska uq,ajrg ixúOdkh lrk ,o mr®fhaIK
i;sfha ° b†˙m;a l< w;r" w.aks†. wdishdkq uy nexl=
wdh;kh yd ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmSh iyfhda.S;d uQ,H
ixúOdkh (SAARCFINANCE) úiska iïmdokh lrkq
,enQ taldnoaO mr®fhaIK m%ldYk i|yd ks,Od¯yq ish
∞hl;ajh ,nd ≥kay'
f.jqï ;=,k w;afmdf;ys 6 jk ixialrKhg wkqrEmj
is≥jQ fjkialï iïnkaOfhka ishÆ mdr®Yajlrejka
w;r ±kqïj;aNdjh by< kexùu i|yd jir ;=< °
wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska f.jqï ;=,k
w;afmdf;ys 6 jk ixialrKh mokï lr .ksñka is≥
lrkq ,nk fjkialï yd wfkl=;a úfoaY wxYfha úfYaI
ixLHdk igyka úia;r lrñka .%ka:hla ilia lrk ,°'
tu lD;sh 2017 jifr®° m%ldYhg m;a ls¯ug kshñ;h'
;j o" Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaY wxYfhys ixLHdk iïmdokh
ms<sn| we;s mqΩ,a w;a±lSï ie,ls,a,g .ksñka wfkl=;a
uy nexl= i|yd fláld,Sk mqyqKq ieis meje;aùu i|yd
cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, úiska f.jqï ;=,k úfYaI{jrfhl=
f,i wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ks,Od¯ wñ,
úf–jr®Ok uy;d f;dard .kakd ,°'
úksuh wkqmd;sl ksr®Kh ls¯fï uQ,sldx. iy fj<|fmd<
mokï lr.;a úksuh wkqmd;sl ksr®Kh ls¯u ms<sn|
uyck;dj ±kqïj;a ls¯u i|yd" §úksuh wkqmd;sl
yd wjm%udKfha wdr®:ßl m%;súmdl¶ kñka f;dr;=re
m;%sldjla NdId ;%s;ajfhkau m< ls¯ug wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=j lghq;= lf<ah'
fï w;r" ikaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=j" nexl= ú≥ msfhi
iy m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd, iuÛ taldnoaOj úYajúoHd,
isiqka" mdi,a .=reNj;=ka yd mdi,a isiqka iy wfkl=;a
rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl wdh;kj, ks,Od¯kaf.a ±kqu
m%jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
il%Shj ue†y;a úh' 2015 jifr® jdr®Isl jdr®;dj ms<sn|
foaYk wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ fcHIaG
ks,Od¯ka úiska NdId ;%s;ajfhkau mj;ajk ,°' Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ wruqKq yd ldr®hNdrh" uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh"
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh" úfoaY wxYfha m%;sm;a;s iy
uE;ld,Sk wdr®:ßl m%jK;d hk úIh hgf;a b;d úYd,
m%udKhl wOHdmksl jevigyka wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ks,Od¯ka úiska mj;ajkq ,eîh'
tfiau" wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wdpdr®h
Wmdê iy Ydia;%m;s Wmdê wOHdmk iq≥iqlï iys;
w;a±lSï nyq, ks,Od¯ka úiska uy nexl=fõ wNHka;r
mYapd;a Wmdê wfmalaIlhkaf.a mr®fhaIK l=i,;d
jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd Wiia ;;a;ajfha mr®fhaIK m;%sld
ilia ls¯ug wjYH lrkq ,nk WmfoaYl;ajh imhk ,o
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
w;r" mYapd;a Wmdê YsIH;aj l%ufha wjYH;d imqrd,Su
ms◊i idr®j wdr®:ßl úoHdj" iQlaIu wdr®:ßl úoHdj iy
.◊;h jeks úIhdkqnoaO fláld,Sk mdGud,d mj;ajk
,°' mqyqKq yd ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=fõ b,a,Su m˙†"
w.aks†. wdishdkq uy nexl= wdh;kh úiska b†˙m;a
flreKq mr®fhaIK m;%sldj,g wu;rj" wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ks,Od¯ka úiska uy nexl= ks,Od¯kaf.a
mr®fhaIK fhdackd m;%sld 17 la iy iïmQr®K lrk ,o
mr®fhaIK m;%sld 11 la wëlaIKh lrk ,°' tfukau"
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ks,Od¯ka úiska 2016 jifr® cd;Hka;r
mr®fhaIK iuqΩj i|yd b†˙m;a lrk ,o mr®fhaIK
fhdackd m;%sld 80 la o újrKh lrk ,°'
wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ fcHIaG ks,Od¯ka
lsysm fofkla ikaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
ixúOdkh lrk ,o isxy, iy fou< udOHfhka
úldYkh jQ §;laIs,dj¶ iy §w˙jqÜrE¶ (Arivootru)
rEmjdyskS wOHdmksl jevigykaj,g ish iïm;a
∞hl;ajh ,ndfok ≥kay' ;jo" fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
ks,Od¯ka §bfldaka whslka¶ (Econ Icon) kï isxy,
iy fou< NdIdj,ska meje;ajQ wka;r® mdGYd,hSh
m%Yak úpdrd;aul jevigyk ixúOdkh ls¯u i|yd
ikaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=jg iyfhda.h ,ndfok
,°' óg wu;rj" Y%S ,xld nexl=lrejkaf.a wdh;kh
u.ska mj;ajkq ,enQ §wka;r® nexl= m%Yak úpdrd;aul
;r.dj,sh¶ ixúOdkh ls¯u i|yd o wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=j l%shdld¯j iyNd.S úh'
7'6 cd;Hka;r iïnkaO;d mj;ajdf.k hEu
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j iy Y%S ,xld rch fjkqfjka wdr®:ßl
mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j in|;d flakaøia:dkhla f,i
lghq;= lrñka cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo," w.aks†. wdishdkq
uy nexl= wdh;kh (SEACEN)" w.aks†. wdishdkq"
kjiS,ka;h iy ´iafÜ%,shdkq nexl= ix.uh (SEANZA)"
iy ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmSh iyfhda.S;d uQ,H ixúOdkh
(SAARCFINANCE)" jeks cd;Hka;r nyqmdr®Yaùh uQ,H
ixúOdk iu`. wLKavj in|;d mj;ajd .kq ,enQ w;r"
f,dal nexl=j" wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=j yd wfkl=;a
cd;Hka;r wdh;k iu`. iïnkaëlrK lghq;= is≥ ls¯u
i|yd rchg wjYH iyfhda.h ,nd fok ,°'
fï w;r" wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,ys úia;Sr®K Kh myiqlu
ms<sn|j jevigyk iy cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,a ˚
jk j.ka;sh hgf;a jk úfYaI fufyhqï jevigykla
i|yd jk ¥; lKavdhï foll iïnkaëlrK lghq;=
is≥ lrk ,°' idr®la uQ,H cd,fha lghq;= /il°
wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ldr®huKav,h"
l,dmfha wfkl=;a uy nexl=j, iïnkaëldrljreka
iu`. tlaj lghq;= lrk ,°' 2015 jifr® fmare
rdcHfha° mej;s 31 jeks idr®la uQ,H cd,fha lKavdhï
/iaùfï° idr®la uQ,H cd,fha iNdm;s;ajh Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ wêm;sjrhd fj; mej¯u;a iu`. 23 jeks
idr®la uQ,H cd,fha iïnkaëldrljrekaf.a /iaùu iy
2016 jifr® wfm%a,a udifha° mej;s idr®la uQ,H cd,fha
iyfhda.S;d mr®fhaIK wOHhk hgf;ajQ mr®fhaIlhkaf.a
II fldgi - 81
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

/iaùu fukau" 2016 iema;eïnr® udifha ° mej;s idr®la
uQ,H cd,fha 24 jeks iïnkaëldrljrekaf.a /iaùu"
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ i;aldrl;ajfhka hq;=j meje;s
w;r" tys ixúOdk lghq;= is≥ lrkq ,enqfõ wdr®:ßl
mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úisks' fuu /iaùï idr®la
uQ,H cd,fha iïnkaëldrljrekaf.a" mr®fhaIlhkaf.a
iy fjk;a idud‚l rgj, uy nexl=j, yd uqo,a
wud;HdxYj, fcHIaG ks,Od¯kaf.a iyNd.s;ajfhka
hq;=j meje;aú◊' 2016 jifr® uehs ui bka†hdkq
ixÑ; nexl=fõ° meje;s idr®la uQ,H cd,fha uy nexl=
wêm;sjrekaf.a ieisjdrfha ° idr®la uQ,H o;a; .nvdj
t<s ±laùu i|yd wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska myiqlï iemhQ w;r" bka wk;=rej idr®la l,dmSh
wdr®:ßlhka ms<sn|j mr®fhaIK ls¯u m%jr®Okh ls¯fï
wruqK we;sj tu o;a; .nvdj mqΩ,a ls¯fï yelshdj
iy ;dlaIK iyfhda.S;dj wOHhkh ls¯u hkd†h
i|yd wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ks,Od¯ka
;sfofkl= o we;=<;a jQ lñgqjla msysgqjk ,°' cd;Hka;r
uQ,H wruqo," f,dal nexl=j iy cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj
fY%a◊.; ls¯fï wdh;k jeks cd;Hka;r ixúOdkj,g
fukau" cd;Hka;r wdfhdaclhka fj; kj;u wdr®:ßl
f;dr;=re iemhSu yd idr®j wdr®:ßl ixLHdf,aLk iemhSu
wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska wLKavj is≥
lrk ,°' wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska úúO
wdfhdaclhka i|yd uE;ld,Sk wdr®:ßl m%jK;d" m%Odk
idr®j wdr®:ßl úp,Hhkaf.a m%jK;d iy yeis¯ï iy
wdr®:ßl ±lau biau;= lrñka úúO m%or®Yl ilia ls¯u o
iïnkaëlrKh lrk ,°'
8' fiajl w¾:idOl wruqo, wruqo, ms<sn| m%Odk o;a;
fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo, ^fia'w'w'& 1958 wxl 15 ork
fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a mk; hgf;a ia:dms; lr we;'
wruqof,ys ishÆu m˙md,k n,;, yd ldr®hhka lïlre
flduid˙iaajrhd i;=jk w;r" wruqo,a l<ukdlrKhg
w∞< n,;," ldr®hhka yd j.lSï mkf;a m%;smdok
wkqj Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a uKav,hg mej¯ we;'
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a uKav,h ;uka fj; mej¯
we;s ldr®hNdrhka l%shd;aul ls¯fï fufyhqï hdka;%Kh
f,i fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j n,
.kajd we;'
8'2 ld¾hhkays ld¾hidOkh
^w& wruqof,a jákdlu" idud‚l .sKqï fYaI yd m%;s,dN
f.ùï
2016 jir wjidkfha °" wruqof,a uqΩ jákdlu 2015
jir wjidkfha jQ remsh,a ì,shk 1"664'9 isg ishhg
10'6 lska jr®Okh ù remsh,a ì,shk 1"841'5 la úh'
wdfhdack ;=<ska bmehQ wd∞hï yd idud‚l Y=oaO odhl
uqo,a ^∞hl uqo,a ,eîï j,ska m%;s,dN f.ùï wvq l<
miq& ,eîï wruqof,a fuu jr®Okhg fya;= úh' 2015
jifr® ° idud‚l fmd,sh o we;=Ωj remsh,a ì,shk
1"625'5 laj mej;s wruqof,a idud‚lhkaf.a uqΩ j.lSu
2016 jir wjika jk úg remsh,a ì,shk 1"810'6 olajd
ishhg 11'4 lska jr®Okh úh ^ixLHd igyk ˚˚-8&'
miq.sh jifr® jdr®;d jQ ∞hl uqo,a ,eîï remsh,a ì,shk
102'5 isg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 118'3 olajd ishhg
15'4 lska jr®Okhla úh' 2016 ;=< ° wruqof,a idud‚lhka
yd Tjqkaf.a ffk;sl Wreulrejka fj; m%;s,dN f,i
remsh,a ìs,shk 108'4 la f.jk ,o w;r th 2015 jirg
idfmalaIj 39'3 l jr®Okhls' fuu jr®Okh i|yd ksjdi
Kh iy ffjoH m%;sldr i|yd ishhg 30 fYaIh wdmiq
.ekSfï myiqlu hgf;a m%;s,dN f.ùï n,mdk ,°'
ta wkqj" Y=oaO ∞hl;ajh 2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk
24'7 yd iei£fï° remsh,a ì,shk 9'9 la olajd wvq úh'
wruqof,a Y=oaO wd∞hu 2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk
156'9 yd ii|k úg 2016 jifr® ° remsh,a ì,shk 175'9 la
olajd ishhg 12'1 lska jr®Okh úh'
II - 8 ixLHd igyk
whs;uh 2015 2016 fjki
^w& ^]&
wruqof,a iuia; jákdlu ^remsh,a ì,shk& 1"664'9 1"841'5 10'6
idud‚lhka fj; jQ iuia; j.lSu ^remsh,a 1"625'5 1"810'6 11'4
ì,shk&
uqΩ idud‚l .sKqï ixLHdj ^ñ,shk& 16'9 17'1 1'2
odhl uqo,a tjkq ,nk .sKqï ^ñ,shk& 2'6 2'4 ^7'7&
odhl uqo,a tjkq fkd,nk .sKqï ^ñ,shk& 14'3 14'7 2'8
uqΩ odhl uqo,a ,eîï ^remsh,a ì,shk& 102'5 118'3 15'4

8'1 fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ld¾hhka uqΩ m%;s,dN f.ùï ^remsh,a ì,shk& 77'8 108'4 39'3

idud‚l ∞hl uqo,a iy wêNdr /ials¯u" fmd≥ .sKqï iy Y=oaO odhl uqo,a ^remsh,a ì,shk& 24'7 9'9 ^59'9&
idud‚l .sKqï mj;ajd f.k hEu" idud‚l .sKqïj,g m%;s,dN f.ùï ixLHdj 136"815 187"147 36'8
fmd,sh ner ls¯u" idud‚lhkag yd Tjqkaf.a kS;suh
Y=oaO wd∞hu ^remsh,a ì,shk& 156'9 175'9 12'1
ysñlrejkag m%;s,dN wdmiq f.ùu" w;s˙la; uqo,a
wdfhdackh ls¯u yd mk; u`.ska uqo,a uKav,h yd w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j"
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
lïlre flduid˙iaajrhd fj; mjrd we;s ldr®hNdrhka
bgq ls¯fï ° ork ms˙jeh wruqof,a wd∞hfuka whlr ^wd& wruqo,a wdfhdackh yd m%;s,dN
.ekSu hk ldr®hNdrhka fia'w'w' fomdr®;fïka;=j fj;
mej¯ we;' 2016 jifr® ° tu ldr®hhka bgq ls¯fï ° ^і& wdfhdack l<U (
fia'w'w' fomdr®;fïka;=j uqo,a uKav,fha wkqu; iuia; wdfhdack l<fUys jákdlu ^fmd;a w.h& 2015
m%;sm;a;s yd ksr®foaYhkag wkqj lghq;= l< w;r lïlre jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 1"604'2 isg 2016 jir
flduid˙iajrhd iu`. ióm iïnkaëlrKhla mj;ajd wjidkh jk úg remsh,a ì,shk 1"772'2 olajd ishhg
f.k hk ,°' 10'5 lska jr®Okh úh ^ixLHd igyk ˚˚-9&' wruqof,a

II fldgi - 82 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

iqrlaIs;Ndjh wdrlaId lr .ksñka" m%;s,dN f.ùï is≥ wd∞hï m%Njh ^th wd∞hfuka ishhg 85'8 ls& jQ w;r th
ls¯ug yd wfkl=;a úhoï imqrd .ekSug m%udKj;a m˙† 2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 143'1 isg 2016 jifr® oS
øjYS,;djhla mj;ajd .ksñka" wruqof,a idud‚lhka fj; remsh,a ì,shk 165'5 olajd ishhg 15'7 lska jr®Okh úh'
†.=ld,Sk Ok uQr®; m%;s,dNhla ,nd °u b,lal fldg.;a jÜgï l< NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr ;=<ska 2016 jir ;=< ,o
wruqof,a wdfhdack m%;sm;a;sh wLKavj l%shd;aul lrk l%ulaIh ,dN remsh,a ì,shk 28'2 la jQ w;r" th 2015
,°' jir ;=< ,o remsh,a ì,sshk 26'6 yd iei£fï ° ishhg
5'9 l jr®Okhls' ;jo" jHmdr fldgiaj, wdfhdackh
wruqof,a iuia; wdfhdackhkaf.ka ishhg 93'1 la rcfha lsrSu ;=<ska Wmhk ,o wdodhu ^m%d.aOk ,dN iy ,dNdxY
iq/l=ïm;ays wdfhdackh lr ;snQ w;r" jHdmdr fldgiaj, j,ska& 2015 jifr® ° mej;s remsh,a ñ,shk 4"065'2 iuÛ
ishhg 4'6 la iy idx.ñl Khlr iy Ndrldr iei£fï ° 2016 jir ;=< ° remsh,a ñ,shk 4"714'6 la
iy;slm;aj, ishhg 2'1 la wdfhdackh lr ;snq◊' b;s˙
olajd ishhg 16'0 lska jr®Okh úh' flfia jqj;a" wys;lr
ishhg 0'2 wruqof,a ffoksl øjYS,;d wjYH;djhka
fj<|fmd< ;;a;ajhkaa iy oaú;ShSl fj<|fmdf<a
l<ukdlrKh lr .ekSu i|yd rcfha iq/l=ïm;a j,ska
wdfhdackhka iïnkaOfhka mej;s iSudjkaf.a
wdjrKh jk m%;súl=Kqï .súiqï iy ks;H ;ekam;=
m%;sM,hla f,i NdKavd.dr ne`≥ïlr uÛska Wmhk ,o
myiqlï jeks by< øjYS,;djhka iys; j;alïj,
m%d.aOk ,dN 2015 jir yd iei£fï ° 2016 jir ;=<
wdfhdackh lr ;snq◊' rdcH iq/l=ï wdfhdackhkaf.a
remsh,a ñ,shk 611'8 olajd ishhg 47'8 lska wvq úh'
l,ams¯fï jHqyh iy M,∞ wkqmd; ixLHd igyk ˚˚-10
fldgia wdfhdackhkaf.a ydkslrKh 2016 jifr®
ys olajd we;'
°" remsh,a ñ,shk 5"231'6 olajd ishhg 76'9 lska
II - 9 ixLHd igyk
jr®Okh úh' iuia;hla f,i" wruqof,a wdfhdack
u; m%;s,dNj, jr®Okh 2015 jifr® ° mej;s 11'3
wdfhdack l<U
iuÛ ii|k úg th 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 11'4 ls'
2015 2016 ^w&
wdfhdack jr®.h II - 11 ixLHd igyk
jákdlu odhl;ajh jákdlu odhl;ajh
wdfhdack u`.ska ,o wdodhï
^re'ì,shk& ^]& ^re'ì,shk& ^]&
2015 2016 ^w&
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr yd 1"487'0 92'7 1"650'4 93'1
wd∞hï uQ,dY%h jákdlu odhl;ajh jákdlu odhl;ajh
ì,am;a
^re'ñ,shk& ^]& ^re'ñ,shk& ^]&
iud.ï fldgia 87'6 5'5 80'9 4'6
fmd,S 143"055'1 83'4 165"485'4 85'8
idx.ñl Kh WmlrK 25'5 1'6 38'1 2'1
m%;súl=Kqï .súiqï 4'1 0'2 2'8 0'2 l%ulaIh ,dN 26"590'8 15'5 28"170'9 14'6

tl;=j 1"604'2 100'0 1"772'2 100'0 m%d.aOk ,dN - rcfha 1"171'4 0'7 611'8 0'3
iq/l=ïm;a
w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j" YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
fjf<|fmd< ñ,g ^394'0& ^0'2& ^842'0& ^0'4&
w.h ls¯fuka
II - 10 ixLHd igyk ,dN$^mdvq&
2016 wjidkfha § rdcH
m%d.aOk ,dN jHdmdr 552'8 0'3 452'0 0'2
iq/l=ïm;a l<fò l,aamsÍfï jHQyh fldgia
l,ams¯ï m˙K; jákdlu ∞hl;ajh ^]& n˙; idudkH M,od ,dNdxY 3"512'4 2'0 4"262'6 2'2
^re' ñ,shk& ^w& wkqmd;slh ^]&
uQ,H j;alï ^2"956'6& ^1'7& ^5"231'6& ^2'7&
jirlg jvd wvq 99"049'7 5'57 9'78 ydkslrKh
jir 1 - 2 195"613'1 11'00 10'71 tl;=j 171"531'9 100'0 192"909'1 100'0
jir 3 - 4 136"011'2 7'65 10'58 w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j"
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

jir 5 g jeä 1"347"602'0 75'78 11'46

tl;=j 1"778"276'0
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j" YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^іі& wdfhdack wd∞hu(
wruqof,a iuia; wdfhdack wd∞hu 2016 jifr® °
remsh,a ì,shk 192'9 la f,i igyka jQ w;r" th
2015 jifr® Wmhk ,o iuia; wdfhdack wd∞hu yd
iei£fï ° ishhg 12'5 l jeäùula jdr®;d lrk ,°
^ixLHd igyk ˚˚-11&' fmd,S wd∞hu wruqof,a m%Odk
^ііі& úhou(
100'00 11'22
2016 jifr® wruqof,a iuia; fufyhqï úhou remsh,a
ñ,shk 1"487'2 la jQ w;r" th 2015 jifr® iuia; úhou
jQ remsh,a ñ,shk 1"190'6 yd ii|k úg ishhg 24'9 l
jeäùuls' wruqof,a o< wd∞hfï m%;sY;hla f,i iuia;
fufyhqï úhou 2015 jifr® ° mej;s ishhg 0'69 iuÛ
ii|k úg 2016 jifr® ° ishhg 0'77 la úh ^ixLHd igyk
˚˚-12&' jir .Kkdjla mqrdu wruqof,a iuia; fufyhqï
úhou tys o< wd∞hñka ishhg 1 lg jvd my< uÜgul
mj;ajd .ekSug wruqo,g yels úh'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 83

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

II - 12 ixLHd igyk II - 14 ixLHd igyk

fufyhqï úhoï idudðl .sKqï fYaI u; f.jk ,o fmd,S wkqmd;h
jákdlu m%;sY; jir f.jk ,o fmd,S iM, fmd,S
whs;uh ^re' ñ,shk& fjki wkqmd;h ^]& wkqmd;h ^]&
^]&
2015 2016 ^w& 2006 10'10 10'30
fiajl msrsjeh 748'5 861'1 15'0 2007 11'20 11'40
mrsmd,k úhoï 397'2 402'8 1'4 2008 13'20 13'44
fjk;a úhoï 44'9 223'3 397'3 2009 13'75 13'92
tl;=j 1"190'6 1"487'2 24'9 2010 12'50 12'65
uqΩ msrsjeh o< wdodhfï 0'69 0'77 2011 11'50 11'58
m%;sY;hla f,i
2012 11'50 11'62
w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j"
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j 2013 11'00 11'14
2014 10'50 10'60
^we& idud‚l fYaI i|yd fmd,S f.ùï
2015 10'50 10'57
miq.sh jir 10 mqrd" fia'w'w' wruqo,g" tys idud‚lhka 2016 ^w& 10'50 10'51
fj; ishhg 2'5 la jk jHjia:dms; wju wkqmd;h w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j" YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
blaujk by< fmd,sshla wLKavj f.ùug yels úh ^ixLHd iM, fmd,S wkqmd;h } ^idud‚lhkag f.jk ,o fmd,sh& $ [^wdrïNl idud‚l fYaIh ›
igyk ˚˚ - 10&' wruqof,a idud‚lhka fj; fn∞ ye¯ug jir wjidkfha fmd,S f.ùïj,g fmr idud‚l fYaIh &$2]

we;s Y=oaO wd∞hu 2015 jifr® mej;s remsh,a ì,shk 154'4

iu`. iei£fï ° 2016 jir wjidkfha ° remsh,a ì,shk 8'3 idudðl fiajdjka
171'5 la úh ^ixLHd igyk ˚˚ - 13&' fia'w'w'g tys 2016
^w& idud‚l .sKqï m%ldYk
jifr® whjeh.; fmd,S wkqmd;h jQ ishhg 10'0 blaujd
ishhg 10'5 l fmd,S wkqmd;hla idudcsl fYaI i|yd 2015 jifr® m<uq yd fojk wr®O jdr®Isl idud‚l .sKqï
f.ùug yels úh' m%ldYk fiajdfhdaclhska yg 2016 jir ;=< ° ksl=;a lrk
,°' fia'w' wruqof,a l%shdld¯ idud‚lhska i|yd 2016
II - 13 ixLHd igyk
jifr® m<uq wr®O jr®Ih i|yd idud‚l .sKqï m%ldYk"
idudðlhkag f.jk ,o fmd,sh
Tjqkaf.a fiajdfhdaclhska yryd ksl=;a ls¯u 2017 jifr®
jákdlu ^re' ñ,shk& m%;sY; udr®;= ui wdrïN úh'
whs;uh fjki
^]&
2015 2016 ^w& II - 15 ixLHd igyk
o< wdodhu 171"855'3 193"071'4 12'3 ksl=;a l< idudðl .sKqï m%ldYk
uqΩ fufyhqï úhou ^1"190'6& ^1"487'2& 24'9 ld,Éf√oh fiajdfhdaclhska m%ldYk ixLHdj
wdodhï n≥ ^13"727'4& ^15"657'2& 14'1 ixLHdj ^l%shdld¯
idud‚lhska&
jifr® Y=oaO wdodhu 156"937'3 175"927'0 12'1
2015 m<uq wr®O jr®Ih 67"821 2"052"866
fmr jifr® r|jd.;a ,dN 311'3 215'6 ^30'7&
2015 fojk wr®O jr®Ih 72"144 2"518"454
jir ;=< is≥ l< m%;s,dN f.ùï u; ^2"833'0& ^4"645'8& 64'0
f.jk ,o fmd,sh ^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j"
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
idudcslhka fj; fnod 154"415'6 171"496'8 11'1
ye¯ug we;s Y=oaO wdodhu ^jir ;=<
° m%;s,dN f.ùï u; f.jk ,o ^wd& idud‚lhska i|yd jQ ksjdi Kh myiqlu
fmd,sh wvq l< miq&
ixÑ; j,ska$^ixÑ; j,g& udre lsrSu - 250'0 100'0 wruqof,a idud‚lhka yg ish fia'w'w' .sKqfï fYaIh
ixÑ; j,ska$^ixÑ; j,g& udre 154"415'6 171"746'8 11'2 wemhg ;nd ksjdi Kh ,nd .ekSfï fhdackd l%uh 1988
lsrSfuka miq jifr® ° y∫kajd ≥ka w;r" tu Kh" ,xld nexl=j" uyck
idudcslhkag fnod yerSug we;s Y=oaO
wdodhu
nexl=j" rdcH Wlia yd wdfhdack nexl=j" ksjdi ixjr®Ok
idudcsl fYaI i|yd fmd,sh ^154"200'0& ^171"557'4& 11'3 yd uQ,H ixia:d nexl=j yd iuQmldr .%dóh nexl=j hk
r|jd.;a Y=oaO wdodhu 215'6 189'4 ^12'2& iyNd.s;aj Kh fok wdh;k u`.ska 2016 jir ;=< °
o ,nd .ekSug yels úh' jir ;=< ° fuu jHdmD;sh
idudcsl fYaI i|yd f.jk ,o fmd,S 10'5 10'5
wkqmd;h ^]& hgf;a fYaI iy;sl 12"780 la w∞< wdh;k fj; ksl=;a
w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j" lrk ,o w;r wkqu; lrk ,o iuia; ksjdi Kh
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
m%udKh remsh,a ñ,shk 5"414 ls ^ixLHd igyk ˚˚-16&'

II fldgi - 84 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

;jo" 2015 jifr® ° meyer y˙k ,o Kh fjkqfjka"  ,smsf.dkq fj; msúiSfï yelshdj by< hEu
wruqo, úiska remsh,a ñ,shk 2"541 lg wdikak uqo,a  fia'w'w' idud‚lhkaf.a f;dr;=re ixfYdaOkh ls¯u
m%udKhla idud‚l .sKqïj,ska wvqlr iyNd.s;aj Kh úuOH.; ls¯u
fok wdh;k fj; 2016 jir ;=< ° fm%aIKh lrk ,°'
 .nvd ls¯fï bvlv wju ùu
II - 16 ixLHd igyk  udkj iïm;a" ,sms øjH" l=<S i|yd jeh jk ms˙jeh
ksjdi Kh myiqlu
wju ùu
jir ksl=;a l< wkqu; l< wkqu; Kh
iy;slm;a Kh m%udKh fok wdh;k fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska"
ixLHdj ^re'ñ,shk& fj; uq∞y< jeo.;a iy ks;r Ndú;d jk ,sms f,aLk úoHq;a udOHhg
uqo, ^re'ñ,shk& m˙jr®;kh lsrSu i|yd Pdhdia:.; ls¯fï fojk w†hr
2006 15"136 3"049 1"078 wdrïN lrk ,o w;r th 2017 jifr® ° iïmQr®K ls¯ug
2007 12"969 2"872 1"240 wfmalaId flfr®' lv∞is ,sms f,aLk" fomdr®;fïka;=jg
2008 12"519 3"008 1"192
,efnk wjia:dfõ°u úoHq;a udOHhg m˙jr®;kh ls¯u
i|yd ;;ald,Sk m˙f,dalkh ls¯fï l%uh 2017 jifr®
2009 10"383 2"680 1"552
fojk ldr®;=fõ ° wdrïN ls¯ug wfmalaId flfr®'
2010 13"848 4"512 2"093
2011 20"041 6"355 1"896 ^b& uyck ±kqïj;aNdjh
2012 11"234 3"973 2"019 fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=fjys lghq;=
2013 16"268 6"914 2"178 taldnoaO wdlD;shlg m˙jr®;kh ls¯ug myiqlï ie,iSu
2014 17"786 8"021 2"394 i|yd fia'w'w' lghq;= ms<sn|j ±kqïj;aNdjh by< kexùu
2015 13"132 5"489 2"522 fomdr®;fïka;=fõ tla m%Odk wruqKla fõ' ta wkqj" by;
2016 ^w& 12"780 5"414 2"541
wruqK bgq lr .ekSfï m%Odk Wml%uhla f,i fia'w'w'
fomdr®;fïka;=j uÛska 2016 jifr® ° n≥,a," ñ˙iai"
w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j"
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j lyj;a; iy fmdf<dkakrej we;=Ω m%foaY 10 l ° cx.u
fiajdjka mj;ajk ,°' fuu ±kqïj;a ls¯fï jevigyka
we& mQr®j úY%dñl m%;s,dN f.ùfï l%uh lïlre fomdr®;fïka;=j" mqoa.,hska ,shdm†xÑ ls¯fï
fomdr®;fïka;=j" fr‚iag%dr® ckrd,a fomdr®;fïka;=j"
2012 wxl 02 ork fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a ^ixfYdaê;& fmd,sia fomdr®;fïka;=j iy †ia;%sla f,alï ldr®hd,
mk;g iy miqld,Skj mdr®,sfïka;=j uÛska iïu; jeks wfkl==;a rdcH wdh;khkays o iyNd.s;ajh we;=Ωj
lrk ,o l%shdmámdáhkag wkqj" ishhg 30 mQr®j úY%dñl mj;ajk ,°' ;jo" cd;sl iycSjkh" ixjdo yd rdcH
m%;s,dN f.ùfï l%uh hgf;a lrk f.ùï" 2015 cQ,s 01 NdId wud;HdxYh uÛska fld<U †ia;%slalh wdjrKh
jk †k isg l%shd;aul úh' fuu l%uh i|yd m%;s,dN lrñka m%foaY 08 l ixúOdkh lrk ,o cx.u fiajdjka
,nkakkaf.a by< b,aÆula ;snQ w;r" 70"000 blau jQ i|yd fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j jir
;=<° iyNd.S úh'
m%;s,dNSkag remsh,a ì,shk 41 l m%;s,dN 2016 w. jk
úg f.jd we;' 2016 jir ;=< ° remsh,a ì,shk 33'7 la fuu cx.u fiajd jevigyka uÛska m%Odk ldr®hd,fhka
m%;s,dNSka 60"021 la fj; ksl=;a fldg we;' imhkq ,nk fiajdjka /ila tkï idudcslhka i|yd
fYaI jdr®;d ksl=;a lsrSu" idud‚l f;dr;=re iy .sKqï
^wE& Pdhdia:.; ls¯fï jHdmD;sh ksjer†j ilia ls¯u" idud‚lhka kej; ,shdm†xÑ ls¯u"
ux.; l%uh Tiafia idudcsl fYaI úuiSu" úoHq;a ∞hl
ldr®hlaIu yd M,∞hs fiaajdjla ie,iSfï Wmdh udr®.sl uqo,a fiajh iy fia'w'w' l%shdmámdá ms<sn| Wmfoia
wruqK imqrd,kq msKsi fia'w'w' fomdr®;fïka;=fjys idud‚lhka iy fmd≥ ck;dj i|yd iemhSu is≥ lrkq
f,aaLk.; fufyhqï mrsirh wju f,aLk iys; úoHq;a ,efí'
udOHhg m˙jr®;kh ls¯u Wfoid f,aLk ms<sìUq
Pdhdia:.; lss¯fï jHdmD;sh ^ISP& wdrïN lrk ,°' 2013 fmr jir j,° fukau" cx.u fiajdjkaj, ldr®hlaI;djh
jeä ls¯u i|yd wjYH;d y∫kd.ekSug w∞<
jifr® wdrïN lrk ,o tu m<uq woshfr® jHmD;sh 2015
fiajdfhdaclhka" l<ukdlrejka iy fiajdfhdaclhkaf.a
jifr® oS idr®:lj iïmQr®K lrk ,°' m<uq w†hfr® °
mrsmd,k ks,Od¯ka i|yd úfYaI jev igykla m;ajk
m%Odk f,aLk jk m%Odk ,smf.dkq" §ã¶ fmdaru" kej; ,°' Bg wu;rj" fiajdfhdaclhka" fiajd∞hlhka iy
,shdm†xÑ ls¯fï f,aLk iy 2013 jifr® m%;s,dN f.ùfï wfkl==;a Wkka≥jla olajk mdr®Yajhka b,lal lr .kssñka
jdr®;d igyka úoHq;a udOHhg m˙jr®;kh lrk ,°' cx.u fiajdjka iy iu.dój fmdaiagr®" oekaùï m;%sld"
m<uq w†hr iïmQr®K ls¯fuka miq" wruqo,g my; i|yka ùäfhda iy b†˙m;a ls¯ï jeks úúO ikaksfõok udOH
ldr®hhka i|yd jvd fyd| miqìula ieliS we;' fhd∞ .ksñka ±kqïj;a ls¯fï lghq;= is≥ lrk ,°'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 85

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
^B& úoHq;a o;a; Ndú;fhka fia'w'w' ∞hl uqo,a ^UID& Ndú;d ls¯u is≥ lrkq we;' tuÛska lïlre
/ials¯fï l%uh
fia'w'w' úiska ish idud‚lhka i|yd jvd ldr®hlaIu
fiajdjla ,nd°fï wruq◊ka" uqΩukskau lv∞is
Ndú;fhka f;dr" idud‚l .sKqï hdj;ald,Sk ls¯fï
ldr®hlaIu;djh by< kxjk" ms˙jeh wvq" m%udoùï wju
jk l%ufõohlaa jk úoHq;a o;a; Ndú;fhka fia'w'w' ∞hl
uqo,a /ia ls¯fï l%uh y∫kajd ° we;' fï wkqj" 2016 jir
;=< b,lal.; fiajdfhdaclhka jk" ish wdh;khkays
fiajlhka 50 la fyda Bg jeä m%udKhla fiajd kshqla;j
isák fiajdfhdaclhka fuu l%shd∞uhg wka;r® .%yKh
lr .ekSu i|yd ;j≥rg;a úoHq;a o;a; /ia ls¯fï l%uh
iún, .ekaùu fjkqfjka fia'w'w' úiska úúO l%shd∞uhka
wkq.ukh lrk ,°' fuh" jHdmdrhla mj;ajdf.k
hEfï myiqj fY%a◊.; ls¯fï or®Ylfha jr®Okhla <Ûd
lr .ekSu i|yd jk wjYH;djhka iuÛ wkq.; jk
w;r th úfoaYSh wdfhdackhka rg ;=<g wdlr®IKh lr
.ekSu i|yd o msgqjy,la fõ'
2016 jir wdrïNfha ° úoHq;a o;a; /ials¯fï l%ufõofha
kj m%jK;djhla jk ux.; o;a; i;Hdmkh iys;
f.ùï l%uhla y`≥kajd foñka cd;sl ixjr®Ok nexl=j
ux.; l%uh hgf;a ∞hl uqo,a /ia lrk ksfhda‚;
jd◊c nexl= w;rg tla úh' fuys ° úoHq;a o;a; f.dkqj,
wvx.= idud‚l o;a; ux.;j i;Hdmkh ls¯u is≥jk
w;r ta ;=<ska o;a; ieliSu i|yd jk udkj ue†y;aùï
is≥ fkdjk neúka idud‚l .sKqï hdj;ald,Sk ls¯fï
l%shdj,sh jvd;a fõ.j;a jkq we;' ;jo" ±kgu;a fia'w'w'
odhl uqo,a /ia ls¯fï ksfhda‚; nexl==jla f,i l%shdlrk
fldur®I,a nEkala Tµa isf,daka mSt,aiS o ish fia'w'w' ∞hl
uqo,a f.ùï i|yd jk ux.; l%uh jeä†hqKq lrñka
fuu ux.; o;a; i;Hdmkh iys; f.ùï l%uh 2016 ueo
Nd.h jk úg y∫kajd fok ,°'
tfiau" úoHq;a /ia ls¯fï l%uh ;j≥rg;a fiajdfhdaclhka
w;r m%p,s; ls¯fï wruq◊ka ,sms heùu yd ±kqïj;a
ls¯fï jevigyka fia'w'w' jir mqrd ls%hd;aul ú◊'
tys m%;sM,hla f,i" 2015 jir wjidkh jk úg fuu
jHdmD;sh hgf;a ,shdm†xÑj isá 6"093 la jQ fiajdfhdaclhka
ixLHdj 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg 6"955 olajd jr®Okh
jQ w;r iuia:hla f,i .;a l< úoHq;a o;a; /ials¯fï
l%%uh yryd ñ,shk 2'4 la jk il%Sh idud‚lhka w;rska
ishhg 76 l muK m%udKhla wdjrKh úh'
^t& fia'w'w' idud‚lhka kej; ,shdm†xÑ ls¯u
fia'w'w' idud‚lhka i|yd ldr®hlaIu fiajhla ,nd°fï
wruqK we;sj fia'w'w' fomdr®;fïka;=j yd lïlre
fomdr®;fïka;=j iïnkaO ù †h;a l< úfYaI jHdmD;sh
uÛska fia'w'w' idud‚lhka Tjqkaf.a cd;sl ye∫kqïmf;ys
^cd'ye'm'& ku i|ykaj we;s wdldrhg idud‚l .sKqï
kej; ,shdm†xÑ lrk w;r" cd;sl ye∫kqïm;a wxlh
idud‚lhdf.a talSh y∫kd .ekSfï wxlh f,i
II fldgi - 86
II fldgi
fomdr®;fïka;=jg fukau fia'w'w' fomdr®;fïka;=jg
fmd≥ idud‚l uQ, o;a; moaO;shla Ndú;d ls¯ug yelsfõ'
2016 jir wjidk jkúg ñ,shk 1'8 lg wdikak il%Sh
idud‚lhkaf.a ^∞hl uqo,a tjk idud‚lhka& cd;sl
ye`≥kqïm;a f;dr;=re m%udKhla /ialr .ekSug yelsúh'
ta w;=˙ka ishhg 82 ^.sKqï ñ,shk 1'4& la muK jQ idud‚l
ixLHdjlg talSh y∫kd .ekSfï wxl ,nd ° we;s w;r"
b†˙m;a lr we;s f;dr;=rej, mj;sk hï hï .egÆ
ksid /ia lrk ,o b;s˙ f;dr;=re w∞< fiajdfhdaclhka
uÛska kej; ;yjqre ls¯u ,nd .ekSfuka miq ,shdm†xÑh
i|yd fhduq lrkq ,efí' fia'w'w' ,shdm†xÑ jk
kj idud‚lhska cd;sl ye`≥kqïm;a wxlh hgf;au
;;ald,Skj ,shdm†xÑ ls¯u 2010 fkdjeïnr® ui isg
wdrïN lr we;' ta wkqj" m<uq jrg odhl uqo,a ,efnk
idudcslhkaf.a cd;sl ye|qkqïm;a f;dr;=re udislj /ia
lr .ekSu i|yd fufyhqï l%shdj,shla o mj;ajdf.k hkq
,efí' kj idud‚lhka iy jr®;udk idudcslhka 69"326
la ,shdm†xÑ ù we;s w;r idud‚l uQ, o;a; moaO;sh fj;
,shdm†xÑ ls¯ï 76"386 la 2016 jir ;=< oS udre lrk ,°'
9' úksuh md,kh
1953 wxl 24 ork úksuh md,k mkf;a 2 jk j.ka;sh
m%ldrj" rcfha ksfhda‚;hd jYfhka tu mkf;a
m%;smdokhka l%ßhd;aul ls¯fï j.lSu Y%Í ,xld uy nexl=jg
mej¯ we;æ ;jo" úksuh md,k mkf;a m%;smdokhka
l%shd;aul ls¯u Wfoid úksuh md,k fomdr®;fïka;=j
msysgqùu mkf;a 2 j.ka;sh hgf;a uqo,a uKav,h fj;
mej¯ we;æ úksuh md,k mkf;a ´kEu m%;smdokhla
u.ska" YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska l%ßhd;aul ls¯u fyda
bgq ls¯u wjYH hehs kshu flfrkakd jQ fyda wêld˙h
,nd fokq ,enQ ´kEu n,hka" rdcld¯ka iy ldr®hhka"
wêm;sf.a úOdkhka yd md,khg hg;aj l%shd;aul ls¯u
fyda bgq ls¯u i|yd úksuh md,k fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
m%Odkshd jYfhka úksuh md,lg fyda Tyq fjkqfjka
fjk;a n,h,;a ks,Od˙fhl= yg" úksuh md,k mkf;a
3 jk j.ka;sh u.ska n,h mejfr®æ wod< úOdkhka ksl=;a
ls¯u yryd tjeks wjirhka ,nd°fï j.lSu n,h,;a
fj<`≥ka yg mej¯u i|yd 3 jk j.ka;sh u.ska ;j≥rg;a
úksuh md,l yg n,h ,nd foaæ ´kEu jdKsc nexl=jla
n,h,;a fjf<kafol= f,i lghq;= ls¯u i|yd uqo,a
wud;H úiska n,h ,nd †hyelæ
ta wkqj" úksuh md,k fomdr®;fïka;=fõ m%Odk ldr®hhka
jkqfha rdcH m%;sm;a;s yd idr®j wdr®:ßl wruqKq l%ßhd;aul
ls¯u Wfoid úfoaY úksuh .kqfokq iïnkaOfhka
m%;sm;a;s iïmdokh ls¯u" úfoaY úksuh .kqfokq i|yd
fmd≥ wjirhka ,nd °u msKsi n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka yg
úOdkhka yd uyck;dj fj; .eiÜ ksfõok ksl=;a
ls¯u" úfYaIs; úfoaY úksuh .kqfokq i|yd wkque;Ska
m%odkh ls¯u" uqo,a udre ls¯fï ldr®hhka i|yd n,m;%
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
ksl=;a ls¯u" úfoaY úksuh .kqfokq iqm¯laIKh iy
úksuh md,k mkf;a m%;smdokhka W,a,x>kh ls¯u
ms<sn| úur®Ykhka meje;aùu hkd†hhsæ 2016 jr®Ih ;=<°
úksuh md,k fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska bgq lrk ,o m%Odk
ldr®hhka yd lghq;= my; idrdxY .; flfr®æ
9'1 úfoaY úksuh .kqfokq i|yd fmdÿ wjirhka
m%odkh lsÍu
lsis≥ iSud ls¯ulg hg;a fkdù cx.u .sKqï .kqfokq
i|yd úfoaY úksuh ksl=;a ls¯u msKsi 1994 ° n,h,;a
fjf<`≥ka yg wjir ,nd°fuka miq" cd;Hka;r uQ,H
.kqfokq is≥ ls¯fï° ukd ldr®hlaIu;djhla <Ûd lr
.ekSfï wruqKska hq;=j m%d.aOk .sKqï .kqfokqo Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j l%ñlj ,sys,a lr we;æ wdfhdaclhkaf.a
úYajdih by< kexùu" Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaY úksuh ixÑ;
Yla;su;a ls¯u yd úfoaY úksuh fjf<|fmd< ia:dhS ls¯u
wruqKq lr .ksñka f.da,Sh jHdmd˙l l%shdldrlïj,
° Y%S ,xldjg ysñ ;r.ld¯;aj jdis m%jr®Okh ls¯u
Wfoid" mj;akd idr®j wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;sj,g wkql+,j
úksuh md,k fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2016 jr®Ifha° o
m%;sm;a;suh l%shdudr®. lsysmhlau †h;a lrk ,°æ
9'1'1 n,h,;a fjf<÷ka fj; úOdkhka ksl=;a lsÍu
2016 jr®Ih ;=<° n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka yg ksl=;a lrk ,o
úOdkhka fuu jdr®;dfõ III fldgfia olajd we;s w;r
tys idrdxYhla my; oelafõæ
^w& wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï (NRFC)"
fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï (RFC)"
fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï
(RNNFC) yd úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqï
(FEEA) j, mj;akd wruqo,a ksoyfia Y%S ,xldfjka
msg;g fm%aIKh ls¯ug iy ´kEu wruqKla
fjkqfjka weætæcæ fvd,r® 10"000 la fyda fjk;a
úfoaY jHjydr uqo,lska Bg iudk m%udKhla wdmiq
,nd .ekSu ms◊i tu .sKqï ysñhka yg wjir ,nd
fok ,°æ ^2016 wxl 01" 02" 03 yd 04 ork úOdkhka&
^wd& wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï" fkajdisl
úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï" fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY
jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï yd úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a
.sKqïj, mj;akd wruqo,a Y%S ,xldj ;=< úfoaY
jHjydr uqo,ska lrkq ,nk wkqu; wdfhdackhka
i|yd Ndú;d ls¯ug;a" tjeks wdfhdackhkaf.ka ,o
m%d.aOkh" m%d.aOk ,dN" Ndú;hg fkd.;a úfoaY
jHjydr uqo,a we;=Ω wfkl=;a ,eîï tu .sKqïj,g
ner ls¯u i|yd;a tlS .sKqï ysñhka yg ;j≥rg;a
wjir ,nd fok ,°æ ^2016 wxl 05" 06" 07 yd 08
ork úOdkhka&
^we& Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne`≥ïlr w;am;a lr .ekSu"
±¯u yd mej¯u iy iq≥iqlï,;a wdfhdaclhka
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
úiska n,h,;a fjf<kafol=f.ka weætæcæ fvd,r®
ñ,° .ekSu fjkqfjka zY%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne`≥ïlr
wdfhdack .sKquZ iy zne`≥ïlr wdfhdackh i|yd
jk fvd,r® .sKquZ kñka úfYaI úfoaY jHjydr
uqo,a .sKqï újD; ls¯ug n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka yg
iy Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne`≥ïlr i|yd n,h,;a
ksfhda‚;hka f,i m;a lrk ,o m%d:ñl fjf<`≥ka
yg wjir ,nd fok ,°æ ^2016 wxl 09 ork úOdkh&
^wE& rdcH ¥; ldr®hd, úiska /ia lrk ùid .dia;= iy
rdcH ¥; fiajfha kshq;= mqoa.,hska i;=j mej;s
jdyk úlsKSfuka ,o uqo,a rdcH ¥; remsh,a .sKqï
yryd fm%aIKh ls¯ug n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka yg wjir
,nd fok ,°æ ;jo" rdcH ¥; úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a
.sKqï yd rdcH ¥; remsh,a .sKqïj, mj;akd wruqo,a"
iq/l=ïm;a wdfhdack .sKqï yryd Y%S ,xldj ;=<
wdfhdackh ls¯ug wjir ,nd fok ,°æ ^2016 wxl
10 ork úOdkh&
^b& 2013æ06æ12 †kg miq Y%S ,xldj ;=<° ,o jr®;k wdodhï
yd md˙f;daIsl m%;s,dN iq≥iqlï,;a ixl%uKsl
°ukdfjka wvq ls¯ulska f;drj" wfkajdisl wdjD;
.sKqï yryd fm%aIKh ls¯ug 2013æ06æ12 †kg fmr
ia:ßr fkajdisl ùid u; ixl%uKh jQ Y%S ,dxlslhka
yg wjir ,nd fok ,°æ ^2016 wxl 11 yd 12 ork
úOdkhka&
^B& iq≥iqlï,;a ixl%uKsl °ukdj Y%Í ,xldj ;=<
wdfhdackh ls¯u msKsi iq/l=ïm;a wdfhdack
.sKqïj,g udre ls¯u i|yd 2013æ06æ12 †kg miqj
fjk;a rgl ia:ßr fkajdisl;ajh ,nd.;a Y%S
,dxlslhkag wjir ,nd fok ,°' ^2016 wxl 13
ork úOdkh&
^W& úfoaY uQ,dY%hkaf.ka Kh ,nd .ekSu i|yd Y%Í
,xldfõ ixia:dms; iud.ïj,g y`≥kajd ≥ka
kj úfoaYSh jdKsc Kh .ekSfï fhdackd l%uhg
iu.dój" iq≥iqlï,;a Kh .ekqïlrejkaf.a kñka
zúfoaYSh jdKsc Kh .ekSfï .sKqïZ újD; ls¯ug yd
mj;ajdf.k hdug n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka fj; wjir
,nd fok ,°' ^2016 wxl 14 ork úOdkh&
9'1'2 .eiÜ ksfõok ksl=;a lsÍu
2016 jr®Ih ;=<°" my; idrdxY.; lr we;s wdldrhg
úksuh md,k fomdr®;fïka;=j .eiÜ ksfõokhka
lsysmhlau ksl=;a lrk ,°' fuu .eiÜ ksfõokhka fuu
jdr®;dfõ III fldgfia m< flfr®'
^w& Y%S ,xldfõ fkajdisl ´kEu mqoa.,fhl=g weætæcæ
fvd,r® 10"000 la fyda fjk;a ´kEu úfoaY jHjydr
uqo,lska Bg iudk jk m%udKhla olajd úfoaY
jHjydr uqo,a ;ud ika;lfha r|jd .ekSug wjir
,nd fok ,°' flfia fj;;a" fuu úfoaY jHjydr
uqo,a wod< .eiÜ ksfõokfha i|yka lr we;s
II fldgi - 87
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
wdldrhkaf.ka muKla w;am;a lr.;a úfoaY uqo,a
úh hq;=h' ^2016'01'20 †ke;s .eiÜ m;% wxl 1950$29&
^wd& wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï" fkajdisl
úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï" fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY
jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï" úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a
.sKqïj, mj;akd wruqo,a Ndú;d ls¯u iïnkaOfhka
y`≥kajd ≥ka ,sys,alrKhka yd iu.dój" úoHq;a uqo,a
udre ls¯fï ldâm;a Ndú;fhka Y%S ,xldfjka msg;
jdisl mqoa.,fhl=g ´kEu f.ùula is≥ ls¯ug tu
.sKqï ysñhkag wjir ,nd fok ,°' ^2016'01'20
†ke;s .eiÜ m;% wxl 1950$40&
^we& Y%S ,xld rch úiska ksl=;a lrkq ,nk YS% ,xld
ixjr®Ok ne`≥ïlrj, wdfhdackh ls¯u i|yd
wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï" fkajdisl
úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï" fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY
jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï yd úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a
.sKqï ysñhka" n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka" n,m;%,dNS
úfYaIs; nexl=" úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska ;ekam;= Ndr
.ekSug wjir ,nd ° we;s n,m;%,dNS uQ,H iud.ï
iy oaú;aj mqrjeisNdjhla we;s Y%S ,dxlsl mqrjeishka
yg wjir ,nd fok ,°' ^2016'03'11 †ke;s .eiÜ m;%
wxl 1957$23&
^wE& wmkhk bmehSï ,xldfjka msg; r|jd .ekSu msKsi
1993 ° ,nd ° ;snQ ksoyia ls¯u wj,x.= lrk ,o
w;r" NdKav wmkhkh ls¯fï †k isg †k 90 la
we;=<; wmkhk bmehSï Y%S ,xldjg /f.k wd
hq;= njg NdKav wmkhklrejka yg kshu lrk
,°' ;jo" oekgu;a msgrg r|jdf.k we;s tjeks
bmehSï 2016'05'01 †kg fmr Y%S ,xldjg /f.k
wd hq;= njg wmkhklrejka yg kshu lrk ,°'
miqj" 2016'08'01 †k isg n,meje;afjk m˙† fuu
ld,h †k 120 olajd °r®> lrk ,o w;r" ksfhda.hka
W,a,x>kh ls¯ula iïnkaO l%shdudr®. wdrïN
ls¯ug m%:ufhka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska †k 30 l
iyk ld,hla ,nd †h yel' ^2016'04'01 †ke;s
.eiÜ m;% wxl 1960$66" 2016'09'29 †ke;s .eiÜ m;%
wxl 1986$42" iy 2016'09'29 †ke;s .eiÜ m;% wxl
1986$43&
^b& 2016 whjeh ksfõokhg wkq.dój" n,m;%,dNS
jdKsc nexl=" n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=" n,m;%,dNS
uQ,H iud.ï" úfYaIs; l,an≥ iud.ï" wemfhka
iSñ; iud.ï iy úfoaYSh iud.ï yer YS% ,xldfõ
ixia:dms; iud.ï yg úfoaYSh uQ,dY%hkaf.ka Kh
,nd .ekSu i|yd kj úfoaYSh jdKsc Kh .ekSfï
fhdackd l%uhla y`≥kajd fok ,°' ^2016'06'07 †ke;s
.eiÜ m;% wxl 1970$8&
^B& uqo,a Khg °u iy wdrlaIl l<ukdlrKh"
;lafiarelrKh yd ;ks mqoa.,hkag fyda fm!oa.,sl
wdh;khkag WmfoaYk iemhSu we;=Ω wdrlaIl
II fldgi - 88
II fldgi
fiajd iemhSu hk lafIa;%hkays úfoaYSh wdfhdack
is≥ ls¯ug wod<j mej;s iSudjka bj;a lrk ,°'
^2016'06'10 †ke;s .eiÜ m;% wxl 1970$49 iy
2016'06'10 †ke;s .eiÜ m;% wxl 1970$50&
9'2 úfoaY úksuh .kqfokq i|yd úfYaI wkque;Ska
m%odkh lsÍu
^w& we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 37'48 la msgrg wdfhdackh
ls¯ug iud.ï 5 lg wjir ,nd fok ,°'
^wd& we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk 204'3 l uqo,la úfoaYhkaf.ka
Khg .ekSu i|yd iud.ï 21 lg wjir ,nd
fok ,°'
^we& wfkajdislhka i;=j YS% ,xldj ;=< we;s fldgia
ksl=;a ls¯u$,shdm†xÑ ls¯u$mej¯u yd iïnkaOfhka
iud.ï$mqoa.,hska fj; wkque;Ska 100 la m%odkh
lrk ,°'
^wE& n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka fj; ksl=;a lrk ,o
úOdkhka$fufyhqï Wmfoia hgf;a wdjrKh
fkdfjk úfoaY úksuh .kqfokq is≥ ls¯u i|yd
n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka fj; wkque;Ska 237 la m%odkh
lrk ,°'
^b& oekgu;a y`≥kajd° we;s úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï
hgf;a is≥ lrf.k hd fkdyels .kqfokq l%shd;aul
ls¯u i|yd úfYaI úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï wdrïN
ls¯u yd mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd wkque;Ska 33 la
m%odkh lrk ,°'
^B& nexl=$ixia:dms; wemlr ksl=;a ls¯u i|yd fkajdisl
iud.ï 11lgo" nexl= wemlr ksl=;a ls¯u yd wΩ;a
ls¯u i|yd keõ fiajd yd .=jka fiajd ksfhda‚;hka
iïnkaOfhka wkque;Ska 6 la o m%odkh lrk ,°'
^W& uqo,a udre ls¯fï jHdmdrfha kshe<Su i|yd n,m;%
ksl=;a ls¯u'
 iSñ; iud.ï 2la" n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï
2la yd tla fydag,hla i|yd kj uqo,a udre
ls¯fï n,m;% 5 la 2016 jr®Ih ;=<° ksl=;a
lrk ,°'
 jr®Ih ;=<°" n,m;%fha i|yka lr we;s jdr®Isl
ms˙jegqï wjYH;djhkaj,g wkq.; fkdùu
fya;=fjka iSñ; iud.ï 6lg ksl=;a lr ;snQ
n,m;% wj,x.= lrk ,°' ;jo" 2016 jr®Ih
;=<° tla iSñ; uqo,a udre ls¯fï iud.ula yd
iqm˙ fjf<|ie,la Tjqkaf.a uqo,a udre ls¯fï
jHdmdr w;aysgqjk ,°'
 ta wkqj" 2016 foieïnr® 31 †k jk úg"
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï 8 lska" n,m;%,dNS
úfYaIs; nexl= 2 lska ixpdrl fydag,a 2 lska
iy wfkl=;a iSñ; uqo,a udre ls¯fï iud.ï
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
63 lska iukaú; jk m˙† iuia; uqo,a udre
lrkakkaf.a ixLHdj 75 la úh' 2016'12'31 †kg
n,h,;a uqo,a udre lrkakkaf.a ,ehsia;=j
weuqKqu 1 ys olajd we;'
 2016 jr®Ih ;=<° n,m;%,dNS uQ,H iud.ï 2
lg úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a úls”u i|yd kj
n,m;% 2 la ksl=;a lrk ,°' ;jo" úfoaY
úksuh úls”u i|yd iq≥iqlï ,eîu msKsi
n,m;%fha i|yka lr we;s jdr®Isl ms˙jegqï
wjYH;djhkag wkq.; fkdùu fya;=fjka tla
iSñ; iud.ulg ksl=;a lr ;snQ úfoaY jHjydr
uqo,a úls”u i|yd jk n,m;%h wj,x.=
lrk ,o w;r" tla iqms˙ fjf<|ie,la ish
jHdmd˙l lghq;= w;aysgqjk ,°'
 ta wkqj" 2016 jr®Ih wjidk jk úg"
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a udre lrkakka 61 lg úfoaY
jHjydr uqo,a ñ,° .ekSu i|yd muKla
wjir ,nd° ;snQ w;r" n,m;%,dNS uQ,H
iud.ï 8 lska" n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= 2
lska yd iSñ; iud.ï 4 lska iukaú; jk
wdldrhg n,m;%,dNS uqo,a udrelrkakka 14
la fj; úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a ñ,° .ekSug iy
úls”ug wjir ,nd ° ;sìKs'
^W!& ixl%uKslhkaf.a wruqo,a fm%aIKh ls¯u
2013 cqks 12 †kg miqj fjk;a rgl ia:ßr
fkajdisl;ajh ,nd.;a YS% ,dxlslhskag ysñ ixl%uKsl
°ukdj ksoyia ls¯u i|yd ixl%uKsl wdjD; .sKqï
221 la újD; ls¯u i|yd n,h,;a fjf<`≥kag wjir
,nd fok ,°' ;jo" 2013 cqks 12 †k fyda Bg fmr
fjk;a rgl ia:ßr fkajdisl;ajh ,ndf.k we;s
Y%S ,dxlsl ixl%uKslhka 377 fofkl=g wfkajdisl
wdjD; .sKqï yryd Y%S ,xldfjka msg;g wruqo,a
fm%aIKh ls¯ug wjir ,nd fok ,°'
9'3 wëlaIKh iy iqmÍlaIKh$úfoaY úksuh
.kqfokq úu¾Ykh
^w& t;eka m¯laIK
 úfoaY úksuh úls”u yd ñ,° .ekSu iy
úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï wdrïN ls¯u
yd mj;ajdf.k hdu iïnkaOfhka jk
úOdkhka yd úksuh md,l úiska i|yka lr
we;s wfkl=;a wjYH;djhka flfrys n,h,;a
fjf<`≥kaf.a wkql+,;djh ikd: lr .ekSu
msKsi t;eka m¯laIK 34 la is≥ lrk ,°'
 n,h,;a uqo,a udre lrkakkag ksl=;a lr
we;s n,m;%hkays i|yka fldkafoais yd
kshuhkaj,g Tjqka olajk wkql+,;djh
;yjqre lr .ekSu msKsi t;eka m¯laIKhka
19 la is≥ lrk ,°'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
 ;jo" wkjir uqo,a udre lrkakka y`≥kd .ekSu
msKsi Y%S ,xld fmd,sia fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
iyfhda.h we;sj wkdjrKh lr .ekSï 15
la is≥ l< w;r Tjqkag wêlrKh yuqfõ
fpdaokd f.dkq lrk ,°'
^wd& úur®Ykhka
 2016 jr®Ih ;=<° úur®Ykhka 200 la is≥
lrk ,o w;r úur®Ykhka 91 la wjidk
ls¯fuka wk;=rej ov uqo,a jYfhka wh
lr .kq ,enQ re' ñ,shk 62'45 l uqo,la
taldnoaO wruqo,g udre lrk ,°' fuu
úur®Ykj,ska nyq;rhlau fkajdislhka úiska
wfkajdislhkag lrk ,o wkjir f.ùï"
úksuh md,l úiska n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka
fj; ksl=;a lrk ,o úOdkhka$fufyhqï
Wmfoiaj,g wkql+, fkdùï" n,h,;a uqo,a
udre lrkakkag ksl=;a lrk ,o n,m;%hkays
i|yka fldkafoais W,a,x>kh ls¯ï" úfoaY
uqo,a wkjirfhka <Û ;nd .ekSu iy
fmd≥ wjirhkays olajd we;s l%shdmámdáh
W,a,x>kh lrñka iq/l=ïm;a ksl=;a ls¯u yd
mej¯u ms<sn|j fõ'
^we& óg wu;r" úksuh md,k fomdr®;fïka;=j kvq yd
wêlrKuh l%shdmámdàkays° úfYaI{ idlaIs$jdÑl
idlaIs ,nd°u yryd wjYH wjia:djkays° kS;s
n,d;aul ls¯fï wêld¯kaj,g iyfhda.h olajk
,°'
9'4 úksuh md,k fr.=,dis ms<sn| oekqïj;aNdjh
by< kexùu
^w& úfoaY úksuh iïnkaO .kqfokqj,g wod<
.egÆ idlÉPd ls¯u yd kj fr.=,dis ms<sn|
oekqu hdj;ald,Sk ls¯u msKsi" úksuh
md,k fr.=,dis iu. wkql+,ùu ;yjqre
lrkq msKsi m;a lrkq ,enQ n,m;%,dNS
jdKsc nexl=j, wkql+,;d ks,Od¯ka" nexl=j,
ksfhda‚;hka iy n,h,;a uqo,a udre lrkakka
iu. /iaùï lsysmhlau mj;ajk ,°'
^wd& ffoksl úfoaY úksuh fufyhqï l%shdldrlï
yd .kqfokqj, ldr®hlaIuj yd iM,odhSj
kshe<Su ms◊i yelshdj ,nd foñka úksuh
md,k fr.=,dis ms<sn| nexl= ks,Od¯kaf.a
oekqu jeä†hqKq ls¯u msKsi Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ nexl= wOHhk flakaøfha
yd Y%Í ,xld nexl=lrejkaf.a wdh;kfha
iyfhda.h we;sj n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka
fjkqfjka" mj;akd úksuh md,k fr.=,dis
ms<sn|j oekqïj;a ls¯fï jev igyka
5 la mj;ajk ,°'
II fldgi - 89
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

^we& uE;ld,Sk m%d.aOk .sKqï .kqfokq 23 l,ïnq uks tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u
,sys,alrKhka ms<sn|j oekqïj;aNdjh 24 ksõ ¯.,aia uks fÉkacr® ^mqoa'& iud.u
jeä†hqKq ls¯fï wruqKska hq;=j uyck;dj
25 foaú fµdfrlaia ^mqoa'& iud.u
iy wfkl=;a Wkka≥jla olajk mdr®Yajhka
b,lal lrñka nexl= wOHhk flakaøfha† 26 isá tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u
jevigyka 3 la †h;a lrk ,°' 27 ta ´ ,laIañ cqfj,aia ^mqoa'& iud.u
28 f;dauia l=la ,xld ^mqoa'& iud.u
^wE& úksuh md,k fr.=,dis ms<sn|j uyck;djf.a
29 rù fµdfrlaia ^mqoa'& iud.u
oekqïj;aNdjh by< kexùu msKsi úksuh
md,k fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ks, fjí wvúh 30 bkagr®keIk,a tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u
ksis m˙† hdj;ald,Sk l< w;r úoHq;a ;emE," 31 w˙hjxY tkagr®m%hsiia ^mqoa'& iud.u
≥rl:k weu;=ï yryd iy fomdr®;fïka;=jg 32 tï mS uks fÉkacr®ia ^mqoa'& iud.u
meñK b†˙m;a lrkq ,nk .egΩj,g 33 úkaâir® uks tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u
wLKavj ms<s;=re iy meye†,s ls¯ï ,nd fok
34 ure;s uks tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u
,°'
35 mr®,a tlais ^mqoa'& iud.u

9'5 kj úfoaY úksuh l<ukdlrK rduqj l%shd;aul 36 lemsg,a tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u
lsÍu msKsi myiqlï iemhSu 37 lu,a tkagr®m%hsiia ^mqoa'& iud.u
38 jika;dia bkagr®keIk,a uks tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u
2016 whjefhka wkqu; l< m˙†" kj úfoaY úksuh
l<ukdlrK rduqjla l%shd;aul ls¯u msKsi uQ,sl lghq;= 39 ˙ïyd cqfj,r®ia ^mqoa'& iud.u
2016 jr®Ih ;=<† wdrïN lrk ,°' fhd‚; flgqïm; 40 ksõ kgdId ^mqoa'& iud.u
ms<sn| úksuh md,k fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ks˙laIKhka 41 fuÜfrda fµdfrlaia ^mqoa'& iud.u
b†˙m;a lrk ,o w;r fhda‚; mk; kS;s.; ls¯fï 42 flair® tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u
lghq;= iïmQr®K ls¯u msKsi wjYH myiqlï ie,iSu
43 wrE‚kd cqj,˙ ^mqoa'& iud.u
wLKavj is≥ flfrkq we;'
44 hqksla fµdfrlaia ^mqoa'& iud.u
weuqKqu II-2 45 frâ rEì cqfj,r®ia ^mqoa'& iud.u
2016'12'31 Èkg n,h,;a uqo,a udrelrkakkaf.a ,ehsia;=j
46 nq,shka uks tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u
1 mqIamd uks fÉkacr®ia ^mqoa'& iud.u 47 fcdar®– uhsl,a fyda,aäxia ^mqoa'& iud.u
2 Isµdia uks fÉkacr®ia ^mqoa'& iud.u 48 isá tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u
3 rµSlaia fcïia ^mqoa'& iud.u 49 wreK fµdfrlaia ^mqoa'& iud.u
4 l%jqka uks fÉkacr®ia ^mqoa'& iud.u 50 wiaúka tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u
5 ohd ´;rhsiaâ uks fÉkacr® ^mqoa'& iud.u 51 kr®uod f.da,aâfikagr® ^mqoa'& iud.u
6 i,dld g%iaÜ bkafjiaÜukaÜ ^mqoa'& iud.u 52 Ydrx.d uks tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u
7 i,dld g%iaÜ bkafjiaÜukaÜ ^mqoa'& iud.u - YdLdj 53 fv,agd ir;a fyda,aäxia ^mqoa'& iud.u
8 fâgd tlaiafÉka– bkagr®keIk,a ^mqoa'& iud.u 54 ñ,dfkda uks tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u
9 frdah,a uks udr®Ü ^mqoa'& iud.u 55 uefciaála cqj,˙ ^mqoa'& iud.u
10 m%ikak uks tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u 56 .af,dan,a úf,– tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u
11 m%ikak uks tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u - YdLdj 57 f;dauia l=la ,xld ^mqoa'& iud.u - YdLd wxl 2
12 iaúia uks tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u 58 l=vduvq uks tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u
13 iaúia uks tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u - YdLdj 59 ˙ú`≥ tkagr®m%hsiia ^mqoa'& iud.u
14 f.da,avka uks fÉkacr®ia ^mqoa'& iud.u 60 f;dauia l=la ,xld ^mqoa'& iud.u - YdLd wxl 3
15 frdah,a uks tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u 61 fjiagr®ka uks tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u
16 frdah,a uks tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u - YdLdj 62 cfhia bkafjiaÜukaÜ ^mqoa'& iud.u
17 ñâkd ñks udr®lÜ ^mqoa'& iud.u 63 taIshka uks tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u
18 uhqrß uks fÉkacr®ia ^mqoa'& iud.u n,m;%,dNS uQ,H iud.ï
19 wdí°ka uks fÉkacr®ia ^mqoa'& iud.u 64 ,xld T˙laia µskEkaia iud.u
20 cqfj,a ,xld uks tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u 65 isáikaia äjf,dmaukaÜ ìiakia µskEkaia iud.u
21 oeä.u .Dma ^mqoa'& iud.u 66 fixlv., µskEkaia iud.u
22 fudkaáldf,da tlaiafÉka– ^mqoa'& iud.u 67 ìïmq;a µskEkaia iud.u

II fldgi - 90 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi
68 isxymq;% µskEkaia iud.u
69 isx.r® µskEkaia ^,xld& iud.u
70 taIshd wefiÜ µskEkaia iud.u
71 t,a î µskEkaia iud.u
n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=
72 cd;sl b;s˙ls¯fï nexl=j
73 iKi ixjr®Ok nexl=j
fydag,a
74 mr®,a isá fydfg,a ^mqoa'& iud.u
75 Iex.s%,dia yïnkaf;dg ˙fidaÜia wekaâ iamd
10' myiqlï l<ukdlrK
rdcld¯ lghq;= i|yd WÑ; m˙irhla f.dvke.Su ;=<ska
fiajl ldr®hlaIu;djh jr®Okh ls¯fï wruq◊ka iy
nexl= lghq;= wLKavj mj;ajdf.k hEfï wruq◊ka
hq;=j" myiqlï l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
2016 jifr®° o nexl= m˙Y%hkays ixjr®Ok lghq;= iy
kv;a;= lghq;= fkdlvjd is≥ lrk ,°' tfukau nexl=
ldr®h uKav,fha;a" nexl=j i;= r: jdykj,;a iy ndysr
mdr®Yajhkays;a iqrlaIs;nj /flk m˙†" uy nexl=fõ r:
jdyk ixÑ;fha Odjk ldr®hlaIu;djh mj;ajdf.k
hEug o lghq;= lrk ,°'
myiqlï l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2016
jifr®° o ú≥,sh" jdhq iólrK" c, iïmdok iy
m%jdyk wd° b;d jeo.;a fiajd myiqlï by< úYajikSh
uÜgulska mj;ajd f.k hEug lghq;= lrk ,°'
myiqlï l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=jg fuu myiqlï
b;d Wiia uÜgulska hq;=j iemhSug yels jQ w;r tu.ska
uy nexl=fõ lghq;= wLKavj mj;ajdf.k hEug mqΩ,a
∞hl;ajhla iemhSug yels úh'
jD;a;Shfõ°kaf.ka iukaú; m%ùk ks,Od¯ uvq,a,la
úiska jHdmD;s we.hSu iy l<ukdlrK lghq;= ls¯u
fya;=fjka jr®Ih ;=< l%shd;aul lrk ,o jHdmD;s i|yd
jeh l< ms˙jefhka Wm˙u m%;s,dN ,nd .ekSug yels jQ
w;r" ms<s.;a fldka;%d;alrejka fj; jHdmD;s ms˙keóu
iy fuu jHdmD;s ióm wëlaIKhlg ,la ls¯u fya;=fjka
kshñ; ld,iSudjka ;=< wfmalaIs; m%ñ;Skag wkqj fuu
jHdmD;s ksu ls¯ug yels úh'
jhsÜfõia (Whiteaways) f.dvke.s,a, m%;sixialrKh
ls¯u fuu jir ;=< ° ksu ls¯ug yels úh' tfiau" 2016
fkdjeïnr® 18 jeks †k l;r.u ksjdvq ksfla;kh i|yd
;kd ksu l< w;sfr®l tall kjhla iys; f.dvke.s,s
;=kla újD; lrk ,°' uy nexl=fõ m%Odk ldr®hd,fha
r:.df,a 10 jk uyf,a wÆ;ska b†lrk ,o kj Y¯r
iqj;d uOHia:dkh 2016 cqks 28 †k újD; lrk
,°' 2016 wf.daia;= ui 19 jk †k rdc.s˙fha nexl=
wOHhk flakaøfha kj f.dvke.s,a, újD; lrk ,°'
óg wu;rj ls,sfkdÉÑ W;=re m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd,
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
f.dvke.s,s ixlSr®Kfha fojk w†hfrys b†ls¯ï lghq;=
wjika ls¯ug o myiqlï l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=jg
yels úh'
;jo" Y%S ,xld uy nexl= m%Odk ldr®hd,fha jHqyd;aul
Yla;su;a nj wdrlaId ls¯u i|yd iy Y%S ,xld uy nexl=
m%Odk ldr®hd,fha hkaf;%damlrKj, úYajdikSh;ajh yd
fufyhqï ldr®hlaIu;dj jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd myiqlï
l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska mqΩ,a kj Wmdx.
iúls¯fï úia;rd;aul jHdmD;shla (Retrofit) ie,iqï
lrk ,°'
2016 °" myiqlï l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ m%Odk ldr®hd,fha wdmk Yd,dj
we;=Ω" wkqrdOmqr yd ud;r m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd,j, iy nexl=
wOHhk flakaøfha m%;sixialrK yd wÆ;ajeähd lghq;=
is≥ l< w;r" m%Odk ldr®hd,fha hï hï y†is kv;a;=
lghq;= o is≥ lrk ,°' kqjrt<sh m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd,fha
f.j;= yd N+ñ ksr®udKh o ksu lrk ,°'
óg wu;rj" myiqlï l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska Y%S ,xld uy nexl= m%Odk ldr®hd,fha wdrlaIdj
yd ksis l%shdld¯;ajh i|yd jHqyd;aul Yla;su;a nj
we.hSulg ,lalrk ,o w;r Y%S ,xld uy nexl= m˙Y%fha
n,Yla;s Ndú;fhka Wm˙u M, ,nd .ekSu i|yd o
mshjr .kakd ,°'
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ idudkH m%jdyk ldr®hhkag
wu;rj 2016 jifr® ° uy nexl=j úiska ixúOdkh lrk
,o cd;Hka;r iuqΩ .Kkdjla iy fjk;a W;aij i|yd
ndOdjlska f;drj m%jdyk myiqlï ,nd °ug o myiqlï
l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=jg yels úh'
11' uQ,H lghq;=
cd;Hka;r .sKqïlrK m%ñ;Ska" cd;Hka;r uQ,H
jdr®;dlrK m%ñ;Ska iy uqo,a kS;s mkf;a w∞< úêúOdk
hgf;a Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uQ,H jdr®;dlrK ldr®hh
uQ,H lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska is≥ lrkq ,efí'
uQ,H lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ldr®hhkag" Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ uQ,H m%ldYk ms<sfh, ls¯u" uy nexl=fõ
jdr®Isl whjeh f,aLkh ms<sfh, ls¯u yd ks¯laIKh
ls¯u" uy nexl=fõ wNHka;r yd ndysr uQ,H .kqfokq
i|yd f.ùfï moaO;shla mj;ajdf.k hEu" uQ,H .kqfokq
wNHka;r jdr®;dlrKh i|yd moaO;s mj;ajd f.k hEu"
wNHka;r wruqo,a 16 la l<ukdlrKh ls¯u" Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ ia:djr j;alï f,aLkh mj;ajdf.k hEu
iy fiajl Kh o;a; ixÑ;h mj;ajdf.k hEu we;=<;a
fõ'
11'1 uQ,H m%ldYk ms<sfh< lsÍu
^w& udisl fYaI m;%h( uqo,a kS;s mkf;a úêúOdk
m%ldrj" 2015 jifr® foieïnr® udih yd 2016 jifr®
ckjd˙ ui isg fkdjeïnr® ui olajd jQ udisl fYaI
m;%hka ms<sfh< lrk ,°'
II fldgi - 91
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

^wd& ldr®;=uh jdr®;d( ldr®;=uh uQ,H m%.;s$ldr®h M, iy hk NdKavd.dr ì,am;aj,ska ,o by< fmd,S wd∞hu"
;;a;ajhka 2016 jifr® ° uqo,a uKav,h fj; jdr®;d 2016 jifr® Y=oaO ,dNh jr®Okhùug fya;= úh' m%Odk
ls¯u is≥ lrk ,°' jYfhka 2016 ueo Nd.h ;=< ° úfoaY ixÑ;fhka
^we& jdr®Isl uQ,H m%ldYk( 2002 jr®Ifha isg fuu ldr®hh wdikak jYfhka ishhg 8 muK jk tlai;a rdcOdks
i|yd cd;Hka;r .sKqïlrK m%ñ;Ska iy cd;Hka;r mjqïj,ska ksfhdackh jk úfoaYSh j;alï j,g tfrysj
uQ,H jdr®;dlrK m%ñ;Ska w∞< lr .kakd ,°' fuu remshf,ys jQ wêm%udKh iy 2016 ° t'c'fvd,rhg
uQ,H m%ldYk uy nexl= jdr®Isl jdr®;dfõ m%ldYhg tfrysj remshf,ys wjm%udK wkqmd;h wvqùu úksuh
m;a lrkq ,efí' 2016 jr®Ih ;=< °;a uQ,H lghq;= mdvqjg fya;=úh' uqo,a kS;s iy wfk;=;a jHjia:d hgf;a"
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska wLKav mokulska w∞< fmd≥ hym; i,ld nexl=fõ uqo,a iy uQ,H m%;sm;a;Ska
.sKqïlrK m%ñ;Ska yd wjYH;djhka u; wkql+,ùu úiska Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uQ,H m%;sM,h ;SrKh lrkq
i|yd .sKqïlrK moaO;Ska yd ldr®h mámdáh ,efí' tneúka Y%S',x'u'ne'fõ fufyhqï lghq;= jd◊cuh
hdj;ald,Sk lrk ,°' 2016 jr®Ih i|yd jQ uy mokula u; jQ uQ,H m%;sM,hla fjkqfjka fufyhjkq
nexl=fõ ú.Kkh lrk ,o uQ,H m%ldYk jdr®Isl fkd,nk w;r uQ,H l<ukdlrKfhys uQ,sl wjOdkh
jdr®;dfõ ˚˚ jk fldgi wdrïNfha ° b†˙m;a lr ms˙jeh ldr®hlaIu;djh flfrys fhduq lr we;'
we;'
uqo,a kS;s mkf;a iy uqo,a uKav, wkqu; m%;sm;a;Ska ys
II-17 ixLHd igyk fjka ls¯ï m%ldrj Y%S',x'u'ne'fõ ,dNh fn∞ y˙kq ,efí'
m%Odk uQ,H f;dr;=re ^re'ì'&
2016 2015 11'2 jd¾Isl whjeh f,aLkh ms<sfh, lsÍu
uqΩ j;alï 1"529'2 1"426'2
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ 2017 jir i|yd jQ jdr®Isl wd∞hï
úfoaYSh j;aalï ^uQ,H fkdjk j;alula jk rka& 1"050'0 1"126'7 yd úhoï whjeh yd m%d.aOk whjeh uy nexl=fõ
foaYSh j;alï 479'2 299'5 ishÆu fomdr®;fïka;=j, Wmdhudr®.sl ie,iqï hgf;a
úfoaYSh j.lSï 505'8 574'8 we;s ldr®hh ie,iqïj,g wkql+,j ms<sfh< lrk ,°'
foaYSh j.lSï 937'8 797'3
fuu l%shdj,sh 2016 wf.daia;= ui wdrïN lrk ,o
w;r" 2016 fkdjeïnr® ui wjika úh' jdr®Isl whjeh
ysñlu 85'6 54'1
i|yd uqo,a uKav,fha wkque;sh 2016 fkdjeïnr® ui
uqΩ wd∞hu 42'1 6'4
,nd .kakd ,o w;r" whjeh 2017 jifr® uq,a †k isgu
fmd,S wd∞hu 35'9 22'4 ishÆu fomdr®;fïka;=j,g ,ndfok ,°' 2016 jir i|yd
úksuh jdish $ ^mdvqj& -6'8 10'6 jQ whjefhys m%.;ssh ±lsfjk ldr®;=uh jdr®;d M,∞hs
fj<|fmd< ñ, u; we.hSfï ,dNh$^mdvqj& - 9'7 -34'9 whjeh md,kh i|yd uqo,a uKav,h fj; fhduq lrk
úfoaYSh ,°'
wfkl=;a wd∞hï 3'3 8'3
uqΩ úhou 19'9 26'0 11'3 wNHka;r yd ndysr uQ,H .kqfokq i|yd f.ùfï
fmd,S úhou 6'1 12'6 moaO;sh
fufyhqï úhou 12'0 11'6
^w& 2016 jir ;=< ° kshñ; ld,iSudjka we;=<; ishÆ
r|jd .ekSï u; noao 1'8 1'8 wNHka;r f.ùï tkï fiajl fõ;k" fiajl Kh
Y=oaO ,dNh$^mdvqj& 22'2 -19'6 yd fufyhqï úhoï hkd†h f.jk ,°'
foaYSh j;alïj,g ysñlï wkqmd;h ^]& 17'9 18'1
^wd& uy nexl=fõ ia:djr ksfhda. hgf;a we;s l%shdmámdá
2016 ° foaYSh yd úfoaYSh j;alï w;r we;s j;alï j,g hg;aj foaYSh yd úfoaYSh iemhqïlrejkag
ixl,kfhys fjkila fmkakqï lrk ,°' foaYSh f.úh hq;= ishÆu ndysr f.ùï is≥ lr we;' 2016
j;alïys jeä ùu i|yd 2016 w. Nd.fha ° mej;s uQ,H jr®Ih we;=<; uqΩ f.ùï 4"457 la is≥ lrk ,o
fj<|fmd< øjYS,;d ;;a;ajfhys jQ ysÛh m%Odk jYfhka w;r" bka 4"186 la foaYSh iemhqïlrejka i|yd;a 271
fya;= úh' rfgys f.jqï fYaI ;;a;ajhka ksid we;s jQ la úfoaYSh iemhqïlrejka i|yd;a úh'
úfoaY ixÑ; wvqùu" úfoaYSh j;alïj, wvqùu ;=<ska
ms<sìUq úh' tm˙oafoka" nerlï wxYfhys" 2016 ckjd˙ ui ^we& 2016 jir ;=< ° uyd NdKavd.drhg iy w∞<
° jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wjYH;djh ^SRR& ishhg 1'5 lska jHdmD;Ska i|yd re'ì,shk 692'8 l jákdlulska
jeäùu;a iuÛ jd◊c nexl= iy wfkl=;a uQ,H hq;a Kh wruqo,a ksoyia ls¯ï 2"752 la iy re'ì,shk
wdh;khkay fYaIhka jeä ùu fya;=fjka foaYSh 688'8 l jákdlulska hq;a úfoaYSh Kh jd˙l wdmiq
j.lSïj, ie,lsh hq;= jr®Okhla we;s úh' rka i|yd f.ùï 619 la wdikak jYfhka is≥ lr we;' óg
jk fj<|fmd< ñf,ys by<hdu ;=<ska ,enQ fj<|fmd< wu;rj jHdmD;s i|yd úfoaY nexl==jla iuÛ nexl=
jdish iy újD; fj<|fmd< lghq;= i|yd mj;ajd f.k tlÛ;djka 4 la w;aika lrk ,°'

II fldgi - 92 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi
11'4 wNHka;r wruqo,a l<ukdlrKh
⁄' uqo,a uKav, ;SrKhlg wkqj uy nexl=fõ
wNHka;r wruqo,a ^fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo, yer&
uOH.; f,i l<ukdlrKh ls¯u i|yd uQ,H
fomdr®;fïka;=j hgf;a ;ks tallhla ia:dms; l<
w;r tys fufyhqï lghq;= 2016 udr®;= ui isg
wdrïN úh' ta wkqj" ishÆ wruqo,a fmd≥ wdfhdack
m%;sm;a;shla hgf;a uQ,H fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
wdfhdackh flfrk w;r w∞< wruqo,a ysñldr
fomdr®;fïka;= tajdfha m˙md,l f,i lghq;= lrhs'
wruqo,a l<ukdlrK md,k moaO;sh iajdëkj
lghq;= lrk b†˙ ldr®hd,h" ueo ldr®hd,h yd
miq ldr®hd,hlska iukaú; jk w;r ksfhdacH
wêm;sjrfhl=f.a m%Odk;ajfhka hq;a wdfhdack
lñgqj úiska ;SrKh .ekSu is≥ flfr®' wdfhdack
lñgqj úiska wruqo,a wdfhdack Wmfoia °u i|yd
2016 jir ;=< 12 j;djla /ia jQ w;r wdfhdack
wmrdkqu; ls¯u i|yd udislj uqo,a uKav,hg
jdr®;d lr we;' ta wkqj" uQ,H fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska md,kh lrk úY%du m%;s,dN wruqo,a 7 la yd
fjk;a wruqo,a 4 la" nexl= wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska md,kh lrk Y%S ,xld ;ekam;= yd øjYS,;d
wdOdrl wruqo," ldr®h uKav, l<ukdlrK fiajd
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska md,kh lrk wruqo,a 3 la
yd m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j md,kh
lrk jHdmD;s wruqo,a j,ska iukaú; wruqo,a 16 la
uQ,H fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska l<ukdlrKh lrhs'
⁄⁄' fuu wruqo,a m%Odk jYfhka rcfha iq/l=ïm;aj,"
rdcH nexl= ^uyck nexl=j" ,xld nexl=j" cd;sl
b;s˙ls¯fï nexl=j& ia:djr ;ekam;=j," by<
fY%a◊.; ixia:dms; Khlrj, yd fláld,Sk
m%;súl=Kqïj, wdfhdackh flfr®' fuu wruqo,aj,
2016 jir i|yd jQ ú.Kkh lrk ,o uQ,H jdr®;d
tu wruqo,aj, kS;s ¯;sj,g wkqj uqo,a uKav,h
fj; b†˙m;a lr we;s w;r" uqΩ wruqo, re'ì,shk
79'26 olajd jr®Okh úh'
II-18 ixLHd igyk
wruqo,a l<ukdlrK ld¾h idOkh - 2016 ^re'ì,shk&
fomdr®;fïka;=j 2016 foieïnr® 31 2015 foieïnr® 31
†kg wdfhdack †kg wdfhdack
l<fUys jákdlu l<fUys jákdlu
^wdfhda‚; w.h& ^wdfhda‚; w.h&
uQ,H 48'90 45'80
nexl= wëlaIK 27'21 16'99
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok 3'09 3'04
ldr®h uKav, 0'06 0'06
l<ukdlrK
tl;=j 79'26 65'89
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
11'5 ia:djr j;alï f,aLkh mj;ajdf.k hEu
uQ,H lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska fmd≥ f,crfha
ia:djr j;alï tallh hgf;a ia:djr j;alï f,aLkh
;=< uy nexl=fõ ishÆu ia:djr j;alï ms<sn| jdr®;djka
mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nhs' ishÆu fjkialï tkï kj ñ,°
.ekSï yd tajdfha ia:dk.; ls¯u" ia:dk.; ls¯ïj, is≥
jQ fjkialï" m%;Hd.Kkhka" laIhùï iy bj;a ls¯ï
2016 jir ;=< ° fuu f,aLkfha jdr®;d .; lr we;'
whs;uhka w;am;a lr .ekSï 1"187 la iy bj;a ls¯ï 253
la iu.ska 2016 jir ;=< ° fuu f,aLkh hdj;ald,Sk
lrk ,°'
11'6
ld¾huKav, Kh ms<sn| o;a; ixÑ;h
mj;ajdf.k hEu
uQ,H lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j" f;dr;=re ;dlaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ iydh we;sj uy nexl= ldr®h uKav,
Kh ms<sn| o;a; ixÑ;h wLKavj mj;ajdf.k hk w;r"
tu.ska Kh whlr .ekSï jdr®;d ls¯fï l%shdj,sh i|yd
iy fiajlhkag iy l<ukdlrKh fj; Kh f;dr;=re
iemhSfï lghq;= i|yd 2016 jir ;=< ° myiqlï imhk
,°' 2016 jir ;=< ° re'ì,shk 1'69 l jákdlulska hq;a
2"173 l Kh ixLHdjla fiajlhka i|yd msrskud we;'
11'7 wfkl=;a ld¾hhka
ñ,§ .ekSï l%shdj,sh(
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ kS;s¯;sj,g wkqj" uQ,H lghq;=
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ks,Od¯ka ishÆu ;dlaI◊l we.hSï
lñgqj,g iy NdKav yd fiajd ,nd .ekSu i|yd jk
fgkavr® uKav,j,g iy iólaIK uKav,j,g iyNd.s
úh hq;=h' 2016 jir ;=< ° wdikak jYfhka tjeks
fgkavr® uKav, 259 la iy tjeks ñ,° .ekSï yd iïnkaO
;dlaI◊l we.hSï lñgq 57 lg iyNd.s ù we;'
12' uQ,H nqoaê tAllh
uQ,H nqoaê tallh" 2006 wxl 6 ork uqo,a .kqfokq jdr®;d
ls¯fï mk;g wkqj iajdëk jHjia:dms; wêld˙hla
f,iska 2006 jifr® ° msysgqjk ,°' uqo,a .kqfokq jdr®;d
ls¯fï mk; hgf;a uqo,a wud;HdxYh u.ska ksl=;a lrk
,o ksfhda.hlg wkqj 2007 jr®Ifha udr®;= ui isg uQ,H
nqoaê tallh m˙md,kuh jYfhka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ
fomdr®;fïka;=jla f,i l%shd;aul fjhs' uQ,H nqoaê
tallfhys m%Odk ldr®hhka w;rg uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh"
;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSu iy uqo,a .kqfokq jdr®;d
ls¯fï mkf;a olajd we;s kS;Hdkql+, fkdjk wfkl=;a
l%shdjkag w∞< úh yels iïnkaO;djhka wkdjrKh
lr .ekSu ms◊i uqo,a .kqfokq ms<sn| f;dr;=re
tla/ia ls¯u yd f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu" iel lghq;= .kqfokq
ms<sn| úYaf,aIKh ls¯u iy jeä≥r úur®Yk i|yd kS;sh
l%shd;aul lrk wdh;k fj; tu úYaf,aIKhkag w∞<
II fldgi - 93
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
úia;r yd f;dr;=re ,nd°u we;=<;a fõ' ;jo" 2006 wxl
5 ork uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùfï mk; iy 2005
wxl 25 ork ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï
iïuq;s mk; hgf;a o uQ,H nqoaê tallh ish lghq;=
l%shd;aul lrkq ,nhs'
12'1 f;dr;=re tla/ia lsÍu" úYaf,aIKh lsÍu iy
f;dr;=re fnod yeÍu
uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh yd ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSu ms<sn|j
uQ,H nqoaê tallh fj; jdr®;d ls¯u myiq ls¯u ms◊i
úfYaIfhka y∫kajd ° we;s §,xldµska¶ (LankaFIN)
udr®..; o;a; moaO;sh yryd uQ,H wdh;k u.ska
iel lghq;= .kqfokq jdr®;d iy uqo,a .kqfokq ms<sn|
f;dr;=re uQ,H nqoaê tallh fj; ,efí' n,m;%,dNS
jd◊c nexl=" n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=" n,m;%,dNS uQ,H
iud.ï" fldgia ;e/õlrejka" uqo,a fyda uQ,H jákdlï
yqjudre ls¯fï fiajd imhk wdh;k iy rlaIK iud.ï
úiska remsh,a ñ,shkhla yd Bg jeä uqo,a .kqfokq iy
úoHq;a uqo,a fm%aIK .kqfokq fyda ta yd iudk w.hlska
hq;= úfoaYSh jHjydr uqo,a .kqfokq ^foaYSh iy úfoaYSh&
uQ,H nqoaê tallh fj; jdr®;d ls¯u fkdlvjd is≥
lrf.k hk ,°' óg wu;rj uqo,a .kqfokq jdr®;d ls¯fï
mkf;ys 7 jk j.ka;shg wkqj iel lghq;= .kqfokq
jdr®;djka o uQ,H nqoaê tallh fj; jdr®;d lrk ,°'
ta wkqj" 2016 jir ;=< ° ñ,shk 9'07 lg jvd jeä
uqo,a .kqfokq iy uqo,a fm%aIK ixLHdjla o" iel lghq;=
.kqfokq 759 la o jdr®;d lr we;' ;jo" n,h,;a úfoaY
uqo,a yqjudrelrkakka o tu lafIa;%h wëlaIKh iy
kshdukh lrkq ,nk úksuh md,ljrhd yryd remsh,a
ñ,shkhla iy Bg jeä jk w.hlska hq;= uqo,a .kqfokq
uQ,H nqoaê tallh fj; jdr®;d lrk ,°' uQ,H nqoaê
tallh" 2016 jir ;=< ° kS;sh l%shd;aul lrk wdh;k
iy kshduk wêld¯ka fj; iel lghq;= .kqfokq jdr®;d
436 la fhduq lrk ,°'
12'2 jd¾;dlrK wdh;k kshdukh lsÍu
2016 wxl 01 ork uQ,H wdh;k .kqfokqlrejka ms<sn|j
ksis Woafhda.fhka lghq;= ls¯fï ¯;Ska 2016 ckjd˙ 27
jk †k ksl=;a ls¯u;a iuÛ iEu uQ,H wdh;khlau tys
.kqfokqlrejka" uQ,H wdh;khkays uQ,Huh iemhqï
yd fiajdjka iy tajd iemhSfï l%u wd†hg w∞<j
uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh iy ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSu
ms<sn|j wj∞ku y∫kd .ekSug" ;lafiare ls¯ug iy
l<ukdlrKh ls¯ug iq≥iq mshjr .; hq;= w;r wj∞kï
mokï lr.;a m%fõYhg wkqj .kqfokqlre ms<sn|j ksis
Woafhda.fhka lghq;= l< hq;= fõ' 2016 jifr® ° uQ,H
nqoaê tallh úiska wj∞kï mokï lr.;a m%fõYhg wkqj
uQ,H wdh;khka uQ,sl we.hSulg ,la l< w;r" fuys°
tla tla wdh;khg wkkH jQ wj∞kï iy wj∞kï wju
ls¯fï l%shdj,Ska ie,ls,a,g .eks◊' fuu we.hSfï °
y∫kd.;a wj∞kï uÜgu mokï lr.ksñka uQ,H wdh;k
II fldgi - 94
II fldgi
ldKav ;=klg jr®.SlrKh l< w;r" 2016 jir ;=< °
wj∞kï mokï lr.;a m%fõYhg wkqj úur®Yk 13 la
mj;ajk ,°'
12'3 foaYSh iy úfoaYSh iyfhda.S;djh
wjfndaO;d .súiqï
2016 jr®Ih ;=< ° úur®Ykhka i|yd f;dr;=re yqjudre
lr .ekSfï$,nd .ekSfï wruqK we;sj foaYSh jYfhka
wjfndaO;d .súiqï folla foaYSh wd∞hï fomdr®;fïka;=j
iy wd.uk yd ú.uk fomdr®;fïka;=j iuÛ w;aika l<
w;r" úfoaYSh jYfhka wjfndaO;d .súiqï 4 la mekud
rdcHh" hqlafr®kh" BY%dh,h iy isx.mamQrej hk rgj,
uQ,H nqoaê tallhka iuÛ w;aika lrk ,°' ta wkqj" 2016
jr®Ih wjika jk úg ° uQ,H nqoaê tallh ish úfoaYSh
mdr®Yjhka iy foaYSh ksfhda‚; wdh;k iuÛ w;aika
;nd we;s uqΩ wjfndaO;d .súiqï ixLHdj ms<sfj<ska 32
la yd 3 la fõ'
t.afudkaÜ lKavdhu (EGMONT Group)
úur®Yk mj;ajdf.k hEfï ° wjYH f;dr;=re yqjudre
lr .ekSu ms◊i uQ,H nqoaê tall 152 lska iukaú;j
msysgqjd we;s t.afudkaÜ lKavdhfï iydh uQ,H nqoaê
tallh úiska ,nd .kakd ,o w;r idud‚l rgj,
úur®Yk lghq;= i|yd nqoaêuh f;dr;=re tla/ia ls¯ug
o iydh fok ,°' 2016 jir ;=< ° uQ,H nqoaê tallh
úiska wjia:d 62 l ° úfoaYSh uQ,H nqoaê tall iuÛ
f;dr;=re yqjudre lrf.k we;' ;jo" fmnrjd˙ udifha
fudkdfldays ° mj;ajk ,o t.afudkaÜ lKavdhï
/iaùug iy iema;eïnr® udifha ° lgdr®ys ° mj;ajk
,o t.afudkaÜ lKavdhfï m%;sm;a;s iy ldr®h mámdá
ms<sn| l%shdldrlï lKavdhï lñgq /iaùï i|yd uQ,H
nqoaê tallfha ks,Od¯ka iyNd.s úh'
uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| wdishd Ydka;slr l,dmSh lKavdhu
(Asia Pacific Group on Money Laundering)
Y%S ,xldj" uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| wdishd Ydka;slr
l,dmSh lKavdhfï (APG) wdrïNl idud‚lfhls'
Y%S ,xldj ksfhdackh lrñka uQ,H nqoaê tallh iy
w∞< ;j;a mdr®Yj 2016 iema;eïnr® ui weu˙ld tlai;a
ckmofha iekaähdf.da (San Diego) ys mej;s 19 jk
jdr®Isl /iaùug iy 2016 fkdjeïnr® ui ijq† wrdìfha
fcvd kqjr ° (Jeddah) mej;s uqo,a úY=oaêlrK Wmdh
udr®. ms<sn| 19 jk jevuqΩjg o iyNd.S jQy'
nyq wdxYsl ;dlaI◊Ksl iy wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;djh Wfoid jk
fnx.d, fndlafla rgj, uQ,sl;ajh (BIMSTEC)
nyq wdxYsl ;dlaI◊l iy wdr®:ßl iyfhda.S;djh Wfoid
jk fnx.d, fndlafla rgj, uQ,sl;ajh (BIMSTEC)
ixúOdkfha ;%ia;jdohg uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï
wkq ldrl iNdfõ 8 jk Wm lKavdhï ieis jdrh
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
2016 udr®;= 16-17 hk fo†k ;=< uQ,H nqoaê tallfha
wkq.%dyl;ajfhka fld<U ° mj;ajkakg fh≥Kq w;r
tys iu iNdm;S;ajh o uQ,H nqoaê tallh úiska ork
,°' BIMSTEC rgj,a ksfhdackh lrñka ksfhda‚;hka 35
fofkla fuu iuqΩjg iyNd.s úh'
12'4
wdh;ksl yelshdjka m%j¾Okh lsÍu iy
±kqïj;a lsÍfï jevigyka
uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg iy ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSfï
lghq;=j,g w∞< .kqfokq y∫kd .ekSu" úYaf,aIKh
ls¯u iy jdr®;d ls¯u iïnkaOfhka we;s ±kqïj;aNdjh
by< kexùfï wruq◊ka n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl="
n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=" n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy
uqo,a fyda uQ,H jákdlï yqjudre ls¯fï fiajd imhk
wdh;k ksfhdackh lrk ks,Od¯ka 1"600 lg ±kqïj;a
ls¯fï jevigyka$mqyqKq jevuqΩ 28 la fuu jir ;=< °
mj;ajk ,°' ;jo" jD;a;Suh jYfhka yelshdjka jr®Okh
ls¯ug iy jr®;udkfha fukau b†˙fha ° we;s úh yels
kshduk .egÆ yd uQ,H nqoaê f;dr;=re iïnkaO .egÆ
ms<sn|j ±kqu yqjudre lr .ekSu i|yd nx.a,dfoaYh iy
ud,°jhska ks,Od¯ka i|yd úfYaIs; wOHhk jevigyka
folla o 2016 jifr® ° uQ,H nqoaê tallh úiska mj;ajk
,°' uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh yd ;%ia;jdohg uqo,a iemhSu
je<elaùu i|yd jdr®Isl iuqΩj" n,m;%,dNS jd◊c
nexl=" n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= iy n,m;%,dNS uqo,a
iud.ïj, wkql+,;d lghq;=j,g w∞< ks,Od¯ka
123 la i|yd foaYSh fukau úfoaYSh iïm;a ∞hlhkaf.a
iyfhda.h we;sj 2016 foieïnr® udifha ° mj;ajk ,°'
12'5 wfkHdkH we.hSu iy miq úmrï l%shdj,sh
uQ,H ldr®h idOl n,ldfha (FATF) ixfYdaê; ksr®foaYhkag
wkqj uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| wdishd Ydka;slr l,dmSh
lKavdhu (APG) úiska 2014$15 ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=<
° Y%S ,xldj iïnkaOfhka ;=kajk jgfha wfkHdkH
we.hSu mj;ajk ,°' cd;Hka;r jYfhka ms<s.;a uqo,a
úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu iy ;%ia;jdohg uqo,a iemhSu
je<elaùfï iïu;hkag Y%S ,xldfõ uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh
iy ;%ia;jdohg uqo,a iemhSu je<elaùfï iïu;hka
fld;rï ≥rg wkql+, fõ±hs ;yjqre ls¯u fuys wruqKhs'
uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| wdishd Ydka;slr l,dmSh
lKavdhu (APG) úiska 2015 iema;eïnr® udifha ° ksl=;a
l< wfkHdkH we.hSï jdr®;djg wkqj §läkï iy mqΩ,a
miq úmrï l%shdj,sh¶ (Expedite Enhanced Follow-Up)
hgf;a mshjr /ila l%shd;aul ls¯ug Y%S ,xldjg ksr®foaY
lr we;' wfkHdkH we.hSï jdr®;dj u.ska y∫kd.;a
wvqmdvq u.yrjd .ekSu i|yd my; i|yka m%Odk
mshjrhka uQ,H nqoaê tallh úiska y∫kajd ° we;'
^w& 2015-2020 i|yd jk uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu
iy ;%ia;jdohg uqo,a iemhSu je<elaùu i|yd
jk cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh wud;H uKav,fha wkque;sh
iys;j l%shdjg kexùu'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
^wd& wfkHdkH we.hSï mokï lrf.k w∞< wdh;kj,
woyia úuiSulska miqj tla tla wdh;kk i|yd
l%shdld¯ ie,eiaula ilia ls¯u iy th l%shd;aul
ls¯u i|yd wud;H uKav, wkque;sh ,nd .ekSu'
^we& uQ,H .kqfokq jdr®;d ls¯fï mk; iy uqo,a
úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùfï mk;aj,g w∞<
ixfYdaOkhka ksr®foaY ls¯u i|yd kS;s iudf,dapk
lñgqj kej; msysgqùu'
^wE& 2006 wxl 06 ork uQ,H .kqfokq jdr®;d ls¯fï
mk;ska wr®: ±lafjk m˙†" uQ,H jHdmdrj, fhfok
ishÆu wdh;khka wdjrKh jk f,i 2016 wxl
01 ork .kqfokqlrejka ms<sn| ksis Woafhda.fhka
lghq;= ls¯fï ¯;s ksl=;a ls¯u'
^b& uQ,H lafIa;%h iy kï lrk ,o uQ,H fkdjk
jHdmdr iy jD;a;Suh lafIa;%hka i|yd .kqfokqlre
ms<sn|j iqm¯laIdld¯ ùug w∞< ¯;Ska iïmdokh
ls¯u'
^B& uQ,H wxYh i|yd jQ wj∞ku we.hSu iy wj∞ku
u; mokï jQ uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu yd
;%ia;jdohg uqo,a iemhSu je<elaùfï wëlaIK
l%ufõoh y∫kajd °u'
13' udkj iïm;a
2016 jir ;=< °" udkj iïm;a fomdr®;fïka;=j" Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ wruqKq bgq lr .ekSu Wfoid ∞hl úh
yels by< M,∞hS;djhlska hq;a" wNsfm%a˙; yd ldr®hY+r
fiajl ms˙ila uy nexl=j ;=< ìys ls¯u wruqKq fldg
f.k" fiajl wNsfm%arKh" kj fiajlhka n|jd .ekSu"
ldr®hidOk l<ukdlrKh" Wiiaùï ,nd °u" fiajlhka
fomdr®;fïka;= w;r ia:dk.; ls¯u iy fiajl .egÆ
l<ukdlrKh jeks lghq;=j, wLKavj kshe<sKs'
;jo" uy nexl=j ;=< ldr®ñl iduh mj;ajd .ekSu
iy nexl=fõ iuia; M,∞hs;djh by< kxjd .ekSu
Wfoid udkj iïm;a fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska uy nexl=
l<ukdld˙;ajh" ldr®h uKav, iy jD;a;Sh iñ;s iu`.
iqyo in|;d mj;ajd .ekSug lghq;= lrk ,°' Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ udkj iïm;a jHqyh iy 2016 jir ;=< °
udkj iïm;a fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska l%shd;aul lrk ,o
ldr®hhka ms<sn| idrdxYhla my; my; ±lafõ'
13'1 udkj iïm;a jHqyh
^w& 2016 foieïnr® ui wjidkh jk úg Y%S ,xld uy
nexl=fõ iuia; fiajl ixLHdj 1"471 la jQ w;r" th
udKav,sl mka;sfha ks,Od¯ka 671 lska" udKav,sl
fkdjk mka;sfha ks,Od¯ka 640 lska yd iqΩ fiajl
ldr®h uKav,h 160 lska iukaú; úh' ldr®h
uKav,fha ixhq;sh mka;s wkqj" ia;%S-mqreI Ndjh
wkqj iy jhi wkqj my; rEm igyka u.ska olajd
we;'
II fldgi - 95
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

II-6 rEm igyk l<ukdlrK wNHdi,dNSka 53 la n|jd .kakd ,°'

2016 foieïn¾ 31 Èkg fiajl ixhq;sh l<ukdlrK wNHdi,dNSka 53 fokd w;rska 42 la
ndysr wh≥ïlrejka jQ w;r" 11 fofkl= wNHka;r
^w& fiajl ixhq;sh( mka;s wkqj wh≥ïlrejkaa úh'
iqΩ f iajl mka;sh ^wd& ldr®hidOk l<ukdlrKh
160
11] Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ldr®hidOk l<ukdlrK
udKav,sl mka;sh l%shdj,sh m%Odk mshjr 4 lska iukaú; fõ'
671
udKav,sl fkdjk tkï" fiajlhkaf.a /lshd ms˙ú;r ilia ls¯u
46]
mka;sh yd iudf,dapkh ls¯u" tla tla fiajlhdf.a /
640
43] lshd b,lal msysgqùu" fiajlhkaf.a ldr®hidOk
ks¯laIKh yd ldr®hidOkh we.ehSuhs' ldr®hidOkh
we.ehSï l%shdj,sh hgf;a tla tla fiajlhdf.a
^wd& fiajl ixhq;sh( ia;%S$mqreI Ndjh wkqj
ldr®hidOk uÜgu" ldr®hidOk we.ehSï wdlD;sfha
olajd we;s m˙† idudkH yd ;dlaIKsl ksmqK;d
uÜgïj,g iq≥iq w.hka ,nd foñka w.hkq ,efí'
wjidk ldr®hidOk uÜgï" fiajl Wiiaùï
.eyeKq mámdáfha tla ixrplhla f,i fhd∞ .efka'
ms˙ñ 650
821 44]
56] udkj iïm;a fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska fiajl
ldr®hidOk we.hSï ie,iqï l< m˙†" jr®Ih
;=< ° l%shd;aul lrk ,°' ;jo" udkj iïm;a
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska uOH jdr®Isl ldr®hidOk
^we& jhi wkqj fiajl ixhq;sh
iudf,dapk l%shdj,sh yd 2016 jr®Ih i|yd
fiajlhkaf.a /lshd b,lal ,nd .ekSu o is≥ lrk
,°'
jhi ^wjqre≥& jhi ^wjqre≥&
31-40
21-30
423 ^we& Wiiaùï
445 29]
30] 2016 jir ;=< ° tla iyldr wêm;sjrfhl= ksfhdacH
wêm;sjrfhl= f,ig;a" fomdr®;fïka;= m%OdkSka 5
jhi ^wjqre≥& jhi ^wjqre≥& fofkl= iyldr wêm;sjreka f,ig;a" ksfhdacH
41-50
51-60
239
fomdr®;fïka;= m%OdkSka 20 fofkl= w;sfr®l
364
25] 16] fomdr®;fïka;= m%OdkSka f,ig;a Wiiaùï ,nd fok
,°' Y%S ,xld uy nexl= Wiia ls¯ï mámdáh hgf;a
fiajlhka 50 fofkl=g fY%a◊ Wiiaùï ,nd°ug
13'2
fiajd kshqla;slhkaf.a wOHdmk yd jD;a;Sh
2016 jir ;=< ° lghq;= lrk ,°' ta wkqj" udKav,sl
iqÿiqlï
fY%a◊fha ks,Od¯ka 19 fofkl= yd udKav,sl
2016 jifr® °" udKav,sl mka;sfha yd udKav,sl fkdjk fY%a◊fha ks,Od¯ka 31 fofkl= i|yd w∞<
fkdjk mka;sfha ldr®h uKav, úúO yelshdjkaf.ka Wiiaùï mámdáhg wkq.;j Wiiaùï ,nd fok ,°'
hqla; jQ fiajd kshqla;slhska ms˙ilf.ka iukaú; ;jo" fuu jr®Ih ;=< ° udKav,sl fkdjk mka;sfha
jk f,i mj;ajd .ekSug Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg yels ks,Od¯ka 32 la udKav,sl mka;shg Wiia lrk ,°'
ù we;' 2016 jir wjidkh jk úg Y%S ,xld uy
^wE& fiajlhka fomdr®;fïka;= w;r ia:dk.; ls¯u
nexl=fõ fiajd kshqla;slhkaf.a wOHdmk$jD;a;Sh
iq≥iqlï ms<sn| f;dr;=re my; ixLHd igyk II-19 uy nexl=fõ úúO lafIa;%hkays w;a±lSï ,nd .ekSug
ys ±lafõ' wjia:dj i,id °fï wruq◊ka hqla;j" Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j ish fiajlhka fomdr®;fïka;= w;r
13'3 udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrKh ia:dk.; ls¯fï l%shdj,shla jdr®Islj l%shd;aul
lrkq ,nhs' ta hgf;a" 2016 jifr® ° udkj iïm;a
^w& n|jd .ekSï
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska udKav,sl ks,Od¯ka 19 la
udkj iïm;a fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska fuu jir ;=< yd udKav,sl fkdjk ks,Od¯ka 31 la 2017 ckjd˙
° wdrlaIl fomdr®;fïka;=jg fldka;%d;a moku u; 01 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† fomdr®;fïka;= w;r
wOHlaIjrfhla" nexl= iydhlhska ^mqyqKq& 79 la yd ia:dk.; ls¯ug lghq;= lrk ,°'

II fldgi - 96 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

II-19 ixLHd igyk

2016'12'31 oskg Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ fiajd kshqla;slhkaf.a wOHdmk$jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï
wOHdmk$jD;a;Sh iq≥iqlï
ldKav mYapd;a Wmdê" mYapd;a Wmdê m%:u Wmdê jD;a;Sh
mYapd;a Wmdê m%:u Wmdê
m%:u Wmdê yd yd jD;a;Sh yd jD;a;Sh iq≥iqlï
yd m%:u Wmdê
jD;a;Sh iq≥iqlï iq≥iqlï iq≥iqlï
udKav,sl mka;sh *123 **135 14 127 122 75
udKav,sl fkdjk mka;sh 15 8 11 33 33 78
tl;=j 138 143 25 160 155 153
* wdpdr®h WmdêOd¯ka 5 fokd fuys we;=<;a fõ'
** wdpdr®h WmdêOd¯ka 8 fokd fuys we;=<;a fõ'

^b& fiajH fiajl in|;d 13'6 2016 jir ;=< wêm;sjrhd úiska úfoaYhkays
iyNd.s jQ /iaùï
ldr®ñl iduh wdrlaId lr .ekSu i|yd myiqlï
i,ikakdf.a ldr®hNdrh idr®:l f,i wLKavj ,laIauka wr®cqk ufyakaøka uy;d ^2016 ckjd˙ 01 isg
cqks 30 olajd&
mj;ajd f.k hñka" udkj iïm;a fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska" 2016 ° l<ukdld˙;ajh iy jD;a;Sh iñ;s 1' .re w.ue;s;=udf.a ksfhdacs; uKav,fha
w;r idlÉPd jg lsysmhla mj;ajk ,°' idudcslfhl= f,i iyNd.s jQ" 2016 ckjdrs udifha
iaúiagr®,ka;fha" odfjdaia ys ° mej;s f,dal wdr®:ßl
^B& fiajl .egÆ l<ukdlrKh iuqΩfõ 46 jk jdr®Isl /iaùu'

2016 jifr® ° udkj iïm;a fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
uy nexl= fiajlhkaf.a iy úY%dñlhkaf.a .egÆ
i|yd iyk ,nd °ug iq≥iq l%shdudr®. .kakd ,°'
2' 2016 fmnrjdrs udifha ° m%xYfha me˙ia ys ° wdr®:ßl
iyfhda.s;dj yd ixjr®Okh i|yd jQ ixúOdkfha
^OECD& uy f,alï takac,a .=˙hd uy;d iu. mej;s
/iaùu'

13'4 kj fomd¾;fïka;=$m%dfoaYSh ld¾hd, msysgqùu
^w& fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a lghq;= i|yd myiqlï
ie,iSu iy m%foaYfha m%dfoaYSh ixr®Ok lghq;+ jeä
oshqKq ls¯fï wruq◊ka kj m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd,hla
kqjrt<sh m%foaYfha msysgqjk ,°'
^wd& niakdysr" ol=K" Wvrg" W;=re ueo yd jhU iy W;=re
yd kef.kysr hk m%dfoaYSh uÜgfï fomdr®;fïka;=
5 la taldnoaO lrñka nexl=fõ úúO fomdr®;fïka;="
rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk wdh;k iu. m%dfoaYSh
ldr®hd,j, iïnkaëlrKh Yla;su;a lrk w;r;=r
m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd,j, l<uklrK yd wëlaIK
lghq;= u.ska m%dfoaYSh uÜgfï wdr®:ßl jr®Okh
läkï ls¯u i|yd 2016 fkdjïnr® 21 †k isg
n,meje;afjk m˙† m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd, l<ukdlrK
fomdr®;fïka;=j msysgqjk ,°'
13'5 fomd¾;fïka;= kej; kï lsÍu
2016 Tlaf;danr® 14 jk †k isg uQ,H wxY
fomdr®;fïka;=j" idr®j úplaIK;d
fomdr®;fïka;=j f,i kï lrk ,°'
3' 2016 fmnrjd˙ udifha °" Ök uyck nexl=fõ
yd Ök uyck iuQydKavqfõ uQ,H wdh;hkays
ks,Od¯ka iu. mej;s /iaùï yd idlÉPd i|yd
Y%S ,xld nexl=lrejkaf.a m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯kaf.a
ksfhda‚; uKav,fha m%Odk;ajh ±¯u yd we.hSï
WmfoaYljrekaa iu. isx.mamQrefõ ° mej;s /iaùï'
4' 2016 udr®;= udifha °" †,a,sys ° mej;s wdishdfõ
m%.ukh Wfoid jk by< uÜgfï iuqΩj ^High-
Level Conference Advancing Asia& iy isx.mamQrefõ
° mej;s Y%S ,xld wdfhdacl iuqΩj ^Sri Lanka
Investment Summit, Finance Asia&
5' 2016 wfm%a,a udifha ° .re w.%dud;H;=udf.a
ksfhda‚; uKav,fha idud‚lfhl= f,i iyNd.s jQ
Ök uyck iuQydKavqfõ ° mej;s /iaùï'
6' 2016 wfm%a,a udifha °" fjdIskagkays ° mej;s
cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo,$f,dal nexl=fõ jika; iD;=
/iaùï iy ksõfhdar®la" fndaiagkaa" ieka µekaisiaflda
iy f,dia wekac,Siays ° wdfhdaclhka iu. mj;ajk
,o /iaùï'
7' 2016 wfm%a,a iy uehs udij, ° fydxfldx iy
mr®fhaIK isx.mamQrefõ wdfhdaclhka iu. mej;s /iaùï'
wOHhk 8' 2016 wfm%a,a iy uehs udij, ° isx.mamQrefõ
wdfhdaclhka iu. mej;s /iaùï'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 97

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
9' 2016 uehs udifha °" uqïndhs kqjr mej;s
SAARCFINANCE wêm;sjrekaf.a 32 jk /iaùu iy
SAARCFINANCE wêm;sjrekaf.a iïfï,kh'
wdpdr®h bkaø‚;a l=udriajdñ uy;d ^2016 cQ,s 03 isg
foieïnr® 31 olajd&
1' 2016 wf.daia;= udifha mdlsia:dkfha bia,dudndoa
kqjr ° mej;s SAARCFINANCE wud;Hjrekaf.a
8 jk /iaùu'
2' 2016 Tlaf;danr® udifha fjdIskagkays ° mej;s
cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo,$f,dal nexl=fõ jdr®Isl
/iaùu'
13'7 Wiia lsÍï $ m;alsÍï
1' iyldr wêm;s" tia' ,xld;s,l uy;d ksfhdacH
wêm;sjrfhl= f,i 2016 ckjd˙ 24 †k isg m;a
lrk ,°'
2' udKav,sl mka;sfha úfYaI fY%a◊h i|yd Wiia ls¯ï
yd m;a ls¯ï my; m˙† is≥ lrk ,°'
i. fla' irjkuq;a;= fukúh 2016 wfm%a,a 05 †k
isg iyldr wêm;sjrfhl= jYfhka m;a lrk
,°'
ii. B' ta' fyÜáwdrÉÑ uy;d 2016 wfm%a,a 05 †k
isg iyldr wêm;sjrfhl= jYfhka m;a lrk
,°'
iii. wdr®' ta' ta' ch,;a uy;d 2016 wfm%a,a 16 †k
isg iyldr wêm;sjrfhl= jYfhka m;a lrk
,°'
iv. fla' tï' tï' is˙jr®Ok uy;d 2016 cqks 12 †k
isg iyldr wêm;sjrfhl= jYfhka m;a lrk
,°'
v. tia' f–' ta' y|.u uy;d uy;d 2016 cqks 18
†k isg iyldr wêm;sjrfhl= jYfhka m;a
lrk ,°'
3' 2016 iema;eïnr® 01 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙†
my; i|yka ks,Od¯ka udKav,ssl mka;sfha IV jk
fY%a◊hg Wiia ls¯ï yd m;als¯ï is≥ lrk ,°'
i. tia' wdr®' iqukfialr uy;d m%;sm;a;s
iudf,dapk yd ks¯laIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
jev n,k w;sfr®l wOHlaI f,i m;a lrk
,°'
ii. tï' ú;dk uy;d fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev n,k w;sfr®l wêld˙
f,i m;a lrk ,°'
iii. hQ' t,a' ;s,lr;ak uy;d m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok
fomdr®;fïk;=fõ jev n,k w;sfr®l wOHCI
f,i m;a lrk ,°'
II fldgi - 98
II fldgi
iv. ta' ta' pkaøfiak uy;d wNHka;r ú.Kk
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev n,k w;sfr®l wOHlaI
f,i m;a lrk ,°'
v. tï' wdr®' tï' wfír;ak uy;d nexl= wëlaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev n,k w;sfr®l
wOHlaI f,i m;a lrk ,°'
vi. iS' ta' wfíisxy uy;d foaaYSh fufyhqï
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev n,k w;sfr®l wOHlaI
f,i m;a lrk ,°'
vii. ã' tï' ã' î' †idkdhl uy;d nexl= ú≥
mshfiys jev n,k w;sfr®l wOHlaI f,i m;a
lrk ,°'
viii. wdr®' ã' ví' m,af,a.u uy;d nexl= fkdjk
uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
jev n,k w;sfr®l wOHlaI f,i m;a lrk
,°'
ix. ví' rKùr uy;d nexl= fkdjk uQ,H
wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev
n,k w;sfr®l wOHlaI f,i m;a lrk ,°'
x. fla' „' wdr®' fla' ërisxy fukúh ldr®h uKav,
fiajd l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev
n,k w;sfr®l wOHlaI f,i m;a lrk ,°'
xi. f–' mS' .u,;a uy;d cd;Hka;r fufyhqï
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev n,k w;sfr®l wOHlaI
f,i m;a lrk ,°'
xii. iS' mS' tia' nKavdr uy;d rdcH Kh
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev n,k w;sfr®l wêld¯
f,i m;a lrk ,°'
xiii. ta' tï' .=K;s,l uy;d fiajl wr®:idOl
wruqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev n,k w;sfr®l
wêld¯ f,i m;a lrk ,°'
xiv. ví' ta' †,arelaIskS uy;añh wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev n,k w;sfr®l wOHlaI
f,i m;a lrk ,°'
xv. uqo,a wud;HdxYh fj; uq∞ yer isá ã' tia'
ví' iur;=x. uy;añh jev n,k w;sfr®l
wOHlaIj˙hl f,i m;a lrk ,°'
xvi. f–' ã' tia' f–' kdkdhlaldr uy;d fiajl
wr®:idOl wruqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev
n,k w;sfr®l wêld˙ f,i m;a lrk ,°'
xvii. wdr®' ã' à' .=Kfialr uy;añh rdcH Kh
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev n,k w;sfr®l wêld˙
f,i m;a lrk ,°'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
xviii. fla' „' mS' is˙l=udr uy;d kS;s yd wkql+,;d
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev n,k w;sfr®l wOHlaI
f,i m;a lrk ,°'
xix. wdpdr®h iS' wurfialr uy;d wdr®:ßl
mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev n,k
w;sfr®l wOHlaI f,i m;a lrk ,°'
xx. uqo,a wud;HdxYh fj; uq∞ yer isá wdpdr®h
mS' fla' „' yrsiapkaø uy;d jev n,k w;sfr®l
wOHlaIjrfhl= f,i m;a lrk ,°'
4' ikaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI" ta' ta' tï'
;diSï my;d 2016 ckjd˙ 05 †k isg nexl= wëlaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI f,i m;a lrk ,°'
5' nexl= wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev n,k tia'
tÉ' .=Kjr®Ok fukúh 2016 ckjd˙ 05 †k isg
ikaksfõok fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev n,k wOHlaI
f,i m;a lrk ,°'
6' myiqlï l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI"
B' ta' fyÜáwdrÉÑ uy;d 2016 fmnrjd˙ 03 †k isg
myiqlï l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ rdcld˙
j,g wu;rj wdrlaIl fiajd fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
jev n,k wOHlaI f,i o m;a lrk ,°'
7' kS;s yd wkql+,;d fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI" mS' ù'
t,a' kkaois˙ uy;d 2016 wfm%a,a 12 †k isg kS;s yd
wkql+,;d fomdr®;fïka;=fõ rdcld˙j,g wu;rj
wdrlaIl fiajd fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev n,k
wOHlaI f,i o m;a lrk ,°'
8' wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ w;sfr®l
wOHlaI ã' l=udr;=x. uy;d 2016 wfm%a,a 12 †k
isg f.ùï yd mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev n,k
wOHlaI f,i m;a lrk ,°'
9' uQ,H wxY mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI"
tka' ví' „' wdr®' ã' kdkdhlaldr uy;d 2016 wfm%a,a
19 †k isg uQ,H wxY mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
rdcld˙j,g wu;rj m%;sm;a;s iudf,dapk yd
ks¯laIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev n,k wOHlaI
f,i o m;a lrk ,°'
10' foaYSh fufyhqï lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
w;sfr®l wOHlaI tÉ' î' ã' lreKdr;ak uy;d
2016 wfm%a,a 19 osk isg myiqlï l<ukdlrK
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev n,k wOHlaI f,i m;a
lrk ,°'
11' wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ w;sfr®l
wOHlaI fla' tka' tka' tï' nKavdr uy;añh
2016 wfm%a,a 27 †k isg fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev n,k wêld¯ f,i m;a
lrk ,°'
12' udkj iïm;a fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI" ta' tï'
tka' .=Kjr®Ok uy;d 2016 cqks 23 †k isg m%;sm;a;s
iudf,dapk yd ks¯laIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI
f,i m;a lrk ,°'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
13' mqyqKq yd ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI" fla'
tï' wfífldaka uy;d 2016 cqks 23 osk isg udkj
iïm;a fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI f,i m;a lrk
,°'
14' m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=fõ w;sfr®l
wOHlaI ã' ù' tia' ohdjxY uy;añh 2016 cqks 23 †k
isg tu fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev n,k wOHlaI f,i
m;a lrk ,°'
15' nexl= wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ w;sfr®l wOHlaI
tia' fla' rKisxy uy;d 2016 cqks 23 †k isg mqyqKq
yd ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev n,k wOHlaI
f,i m;a lrk ,°'
16' uqo,a uKAv,fha ksfhdacH f,alï fla' tï' ta' tka'
ojq,., uy;añh 2016 cqks 28 †k isg fomdr®;fïka;=
uÜgfï m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd,h - W;=re ueo yd jhU
m<d;a wOHlaI f,io" wk;=rej 2016 cQ,s 07 †k isg
kej;;a uqo,a uKAv,fha ksfhdacH f,alï f,io m;a
lrk ,°'
17' fomdr®;fïka;= uÜgfï m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd,h - Wvrg
ys wOHlaI ã' tï' rEmisxy uy;d tys rdcld˙j,g
wu;rj 2016 cQ,s 07 †k isg fomdr®;fïka;= uÜgfï
m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd,h - W;=re ueo yd jhU m<d;a jev
n,k wOHlaI f,io" wk;=rej 2016 wf.daia;= 05
†k isg fomdr®;fïka;= uÜgfï m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd,h
- ol=Kq m<d; nev n,k wOHlaI f,i o 2016
iema;eïnr® 15 †k isg fomdr®;fïka;= uÜgfï
m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd,h - W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;ays
jev n,k wOHlaI f,i o m;a lrk ,°'
18' fomdr®;fïka;= uÜgfï m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd,h -
W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;a ys wOHlaI tï' whs'
iqµshdka uy;d 2016 iema;eïnr® 15 †k isg uQ,H
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ m%Odk .Kldêld¯ f,i m;a
lrk ,°'
19' ldr®huKav, fiajd l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
wOHlaI" î' ví' ‚kfiak uy;d 2016 Tlaf;danr®
12 †k isg ldr®huKav, fiajd l<ukdlrK
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ rdcld˙j,g wu;rj f,alï
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ nev n,k f,alï f,i o m;a
lrk ,°'
13'8 uqod yßkq ,en isá ks,Odßka
1' iyldr wêm;s" tia' wdr®' wdá., uy;d" ksfhdacH
f,alï f,i uqo,a wud;HdxYh fj;'
2' udKav,sl mx;sfha ˚ fY%a◊fha" tia' .=Kr;ak
uy;añh" úl,am úOdhl wOHlaI f,i cd;Hka;r
uQ,H wruqo, fj;'
3' udKav,sl mx;sfha ˚ fY%a◊fha" wdpdr®h wdr®'
ta' fmfr®rd uy;añh" rdcH jHjidh ixjr®Ok
wud;HdxYh fj;'
II fldgi - 99
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
4' udKav,sl mx;sfha ˚ fY%a◊fha" ã' tia' ví' iur;=x.
uy;añh" uqo,a wud;HdxYh fj;'
5' udKav,sl mx;sfha ˚ fY%a◊fha" wdpdr®h mS' fla' „'
y˙iapkaø uy;d" uqo,a wud;HdxYh fj;'
6' udKav,sl mx;sfha ˚˚˚ ^1& fY%a◊fha" hQ' fyÜáwdrÉÑ
uy;d" ksjdi ixjr®Ok uQ,H ixia:d nexl=j fj;
7' udKav,sl mx;sfha ˚˚ fY%a◊fha" ta' t†˙isxy uy;añh
uqo,a wud;HdxYh fj;'
8' udKav,sl mx;sfha ˚˚ fY%a◊fha" tia' r;akdhl
uy;añh" m˙md,k iyldr f,i cd;Hka;r uQ,H
wruqo, fj;'
9' udKav,sl mx;sfha ˚ fY%a◊fha" tka' î' ck.ka uy;d"
uqo,a wud;HdxYh fj;'
10' ˙h≥re" tia' tka' ví' lreKd∞i uy;d" ú≥,sn, yd
mqkr®ckkSh wud;HdxYh fj;'
13'9 úY%du .ekSï
1' ksfhdacH wêm;s" î' ã' ví' ta' is,ajd uy;d" 2016
ckjd˙ 24 †k isg uy nexl= fiajfhka úY%du .kakd
,°'
2' iyldr wêm;s" iS' mS' ta' lreKd;s,l uy;d 2016
wfm%a,a 16 osk isg uy nexl= fiajfhka úY%du .kakd
,°'
3' iyldr wêm;s" B' ta' fyÜáwdrÉÑ uy;d 2016 uehs
26 †k isg uy nexl= fiajfhka úY%du .kakd ,°'
4' iyldr wêm;s" wdr®' ërisxy uy;añh 2016 cqks 12
†k isg uy nexl= fiajfhka úY%du .kakd ,°'
5' iyldr wêm;s" ã' jika; uy;d 2016 cqks 18 †k isg
uy nexl= fiajfhka úY%du .kakd ,°'
6' wdrlaIl fiajd fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI" tÉ' tï'
talkdhl uy;d 2016 uehs 01 †k isg uy nexl=
fiajfhka úY%du .kakd ,°'
7' f.ùï yd mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI" wdr®' ta'
tia' tï' ohdr;ak uy;añh 2016 cQ,s 11 †k isg uy
nexl= fiajfhka úY%du .kakd ,°'
8' fomdr®;fïka;= uÜgfï m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd,h - ol=Kq
m<d; ys wOHlaI" tï' f–' tia' wfíisxy uy;d 2016
fkdjeïnr® 02 †k isg uy nexl= fiajfhka úY%du
.kakd ,°'
9' uQ,H fomdr®;fïka;=fõ m%Odk .Kldêld¯" mS' ta'
úf–r;ak uy;d 2016 foieïnr® 15 †k isg uy nexl=
fiajfhka úY%du .kakd ,°'
10' fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jev
n,k w;sfr®l wêld¯" tï' ú;dk uy;d 2016
Tlaf;danr® 19 †k isg uy nexl= fiajfhka úY%du
.kakd ,°'
II fldgi - 100
II fldgi
14' f;dr;=re ;dlaIK
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ m%Odk wruqKq idlaId;a lr .ekSu
i|yd Wiia m%ñ;sfhka hq;= taldnoaO uD≥ldx. imhñka
f;dr;=re ;dlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j tys l%shdld¯
ldr®hNdrh wLKavj is≥ lrk ,°'
miq.sh jir ;=< f;dr;=re ;dlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
m%Odk wxY myla hgf;a ish odhl;ajh imhk ,°'
^w& ms˙jeh-M,odhS jHdmdr úi`≥ï b†˙m;a ls¯u'
^wd& f;dr;=re ;dlaIK há;, myiqlï wLKavj jeä
†hqKq ls¯u'
^we& cd;sl f.ùï moaO;sfha há;, myiqlï jr®Okh
i|yd odhl;ajh ,nd °u'
^wE& f;dr;=re ;dlaIK wdrlaIdj yd Tfrd;a;= °fï
yelshdj by< kexùu'
^b& ldr®h uKav,h w;r f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok
;dlaIK ksmqK;d ixjr®Okh ls¯u'
^w& ms˙jeh M,∞hS jHdmdr úi`≥ï b†˙m;a ls¯u
uy nexl=fõ jHdmdr l%shdj,s jeä †hqKq ls¯u i|yd
f;dr;=re ;dlaIK jHdmD;s 25 la f;dr;=re ;dlaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ksu l< w;r oekg mj;sk
ishÆ uD≥ldx. kv;a;= ls¯u i|yd iyfhda.h ,nd fok
,°' fuys°" jHdmD;s 6 la wdr®:ßl m%;sm;a;s WmfoaYk
fCIa;%fha ldr®hhka i|yd;a" jHdmD;s 12 la uQ,H wxY
kshduk yd wëCIK fCIa;%fha ldr®hhka i|yd;a" jHdmD;s
7 la YlH;d †hqKq ls¯ï iy myiqlï iemhSï fCIa;%fha
ldr®hhka i|yd;a is≥lrk ,°'
jr®Ih ;=< ° iïmQr®K lrk ,o m%Odk uD≥ldx. moaO;s
my; oelafõ'
i. wNHka;r yd ndysr mr®fhaIlhkaf.a wjYH;d
i|yd myiqlï ie,iSug mqΩ,a mrdihlska hq;=j
úúO fomdr®;fïka;= u.ska ksl=;a lrk iudc yd
wdr®:ßl o;a;" fmd≥ wdlD;shlska ,nd .ekSug
yelsjkfia fmd≥ úoHqq;a mr®fhaIK o;a;
.nvdjla ^Common Electronic Research Database &
ksr®udKh ls¯u'
ii. jdKsc nexl= yd uqo,a m%jdykh ls¯fï iud.ï
iïnkaO uqo,a ;ekam;a ls¯fï l%shdj,sh fõ.j;a
ls¯u i|yd ;Sre fla; ^Bar code& iys; kj
moaO;shla jHjydr uqo,a l<ukdlrK
fomdr®;fïka;=jg y`≥kajd °u'
iii. fiajl ksjdvq o;a; l%udkql+, fia ilia
ls¯ug yd ksjdvq wh≥ï ls¯fï l%shdj,sh ir,
ls¯ug bf,lafg%dksl ksjdvq l<ukdlrK moaO;sh
y`≥kajd °u'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

iv. fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a moaO;sfha iajhxl%Sh iii. f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
odhl uqo,a tl;= ls¯fï wka;r®cd, úi`≥u mj;ajk ,o Bis lEIa ^eZ Cash&" tï lEIa ^m cash&
jeä†hqKq ls¯u yryd tu fudfydf;au f.ùï yd .ukd.uk wruqKq i|yd muKla Ndú;d l<
iïnkaO o;a; j,x.= ls¯u u.ska odhl uqo,a yels ñ, kshu l< ldâm;a moaO;s ^single
purpose stored value travel card systems&
t†ku idud‚l .sKqug ner ls¯ug myiqlï
wëlaIK i|yd iyNd.S ùu'
iemhSu'
^wE& f;dr;=re ;dlaIK wdrlaIdj yd Tfrd;a;= °fï
v. uQ,H fomdr®;fïka;=jg iy f,alï yelshdj by< kexùu
fomdr®;fïka;=jg .kqfokq ls¯ug yd wjYH
jdr®;d ieliSug yels m˙† uy nexl= wr®: idOl f;dr;=rej, iqrlaIs;Ndjh jeä †hqKq fldg" is≥ úh
yels ;r®ck wju lr .ekSu i|yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIK
wruqo,a moaO;sh iy uy nexl= fiajd
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska miq.sh jir ;=<o my; oelafjk
kshqla;slhkaf.a Ndrldr wruqo,a moaO;sh l%shdudr®. .kakd ,°'
kùlrKh ls¯u'
i. fufyhqï fomdr®;fïka;=j, wLKav jHdmdr
^wd& f;dr;=re ;dlaIK há;, myiqlï wLKavj jeä fufyhqï i|yd myiqlï ie,iSug kj wdmod
†hqKq ls¯u m%;sidOk uOHia:dkhla ^Disaster Recovery Site&
fï iïnkaOj miq.sh jir ;=< lrk ,o l%shdldrlï ia:dms; ls¯u'
my; oelafõ' ii. f;dr;=re wdrlaIK m¯laIK ls¯u i|yd
úoHd.drhla msysgqùu'
i. fm!oa.,sl m˙.Klj, wdrlaIdj iïnkaO
iel iys; is≥ùï y`≥kd .ekSug uhsfl%dfidµaÜ iii. uy nexl=fõ f;dr;=rej, ryiHNdjh iy;sl
ls¯ug f;dr;=re jr®.SlrK iy ä‚g,a f;dr;=re
ixlSr®K ;r®ck úYaf,aIK uD≥ldx.h ^The
ysñlï l<ukdlrK uD≥ldx. moaO;shla ia:dms;
Microsoft Advanced Threat Analytics Feature& ls¯u' fuys fufyhqï 2017 fojk ldr®;=fõ° wdrïN
ia:dmkh ls¯u' fõ'
ii. uy nexl= fiajlhkaf.a rdcld˙ f,aLkj, óg wu;rj f;dr;=re ;dlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
msgm;a ;nd .ekSu i|yd uOH.; ä‚g,a o;a; wLKavj uy nexl=fõ Wmdh udr®.sl f,i jeo.;a
ixÑ; iemhSu' f;dr;=re moaO;sj, wdrlaIdj we.hSu i|yd my;
oelafjk l%shdudr®. .kakd ,°'
iii. †.= ld,hla B-fï,a mKsjqv r|jd .ekSug yd
uOH.;j B-fï,a mKsjqv ixrlaIKh ls¯u i. wjodku we.hSu ^vulnerability assessments& iy
i|yd Bfï,a fiajd odhlh Microsoft Exchange wjfndaO m¯laIK ^penetration tests& u.ska y`≥kd.;a
2016 olajd ixl%uKh ls¯u' wkdrlaIs; ;;a;aj i|yd wdrlaIK l%ufõo fh°u'

iv. fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,a fomdr®;fïka;=j
m%Odk ldr®hd,fha kej; msysgqùu i|yd myiqlï
ie,iSug m˙.Kl cd,h m%;sjHqy.; ls¯u'
^we& cd;sl f.ùï moaO;sfha há;, myiqlï jr®Okh
i|yd odhl;ajh ,nd °u
f;dr;=re ;dlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska cd;sl jYfhka
jeo.;alula we;s my; oelafjk jHdmD;s i|yd wjYH
jk WmfoaYkh iy ;dlaIK oekqu wLKavj imhk ,°'
i. LankaSettle/LankaSecure uD≥ldx. moaO;sh
kùlrKh ^ixialrK 3'7 isg 3'8 olajd& u.ska
jeä †hqKq l< jHdmdr wx.hka we;=<;a ls¯u
iy kj cd;sl ye`≥kqïm;a wxlh we;=<;a ls¯u
i|yd wjYH myiqlï iemhSu'
ii. uOHu m%;smdr®Yj moaO;sh (Central
Counter party Solution) iïnkaO B-fjf<|
fõ†ldj ^e-Trading platform& iy ne`≥ïlr
ksYaldYk wdh;kh ia:dms; ls¯u i|yd jk
;dlaIKsl we.hSï lñgqj, fiajh ls¯u'
ii. wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=j iy ndysr
ú.Klhka lrk ,o b,a,Sï u; f;dr;=re moaO;s
ú.Kkh i|yd wjYH myiqlï iemhSu'
^b& ldr®h uKav,h w;r f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok
;dlaIK ksmqK;d ixjr®Okh ls¯u'
i. f;dr;=re ;dlaIK fomdr®;fïka;= ks,Od¯kaf.a
oekqu yd l=i,;d jeä†hqKq ls¯u msKsi" tu
ks,Od¯kag foaYSh yd úfoaY mqyqKq wjia:d ,nd fok
,°' ta wkqj f;dr;=re" ihsnr® iy m˙.Kl cd,
wdrlaIdj" f.ùï iy mshùï moaO;s" md,kh iy
kdhl;ajh iy úkafvdaia ir®jr® udklrKh
iy m˙md,kh ^Windows Server Configuration
Administration& hk ud;Dld hgf;a ks,Od¯ka 47
fofkla foaYSh jYfhkao" ks,Od¯ka 14 fofkla
úfoaYhkays o flá ld,Sk mqyqKq jevigyka i|yd
iyNd.s jQy'
ii. uy nexl=fõ ishÆ fiajlhkaf.a f;dr;=re ;dlaIK
oekqu jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska wLKavj B-fï,a yd wNHka;r
fjí wvúh u.ska oekqj;a ls¯ï iy wk;=re weÛùï
m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,°'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 101

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
15' wNHka;r ú.Kk
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ fufyhqï iy md,k m˙irh iy
iïnkaê; lghq;= ms<sn|j iajdëk iy úIh uQ,sl ;yjqre
,nd°u u.ska iy tu lghq;= jeä †hqKq lr .ekSu i|yd
ksr®foaYhka ,nd°fï mrudr®:fhka wNHka;r ú.Kk
lghq;= 1951 jifr® isg l%shd;aul fõ' wNHka;r ú.Kk
fomdr®;fïka;= wOHlaI iy ldr®h uKav,fha fufyjr"
ldr®h jmi˙h" j.ùu" iajdëk;ajh" j.lSSu iy wêld¯
n,h 2016 jifr® wjika jrg ixfYdaê; wNHka;r
ú.Kk wêld˙ m;%fha wka;r®.;j we;' wNHka;r
ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=j" f.da,Sh m%ñ;Ska iy lafIa;%fha
úYsIag m˙phkag wkql+,j ú.Kk lghq;= is≥ lrk ,°'
2016 jir ;=< ° fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska is≥ lrk ,o
ldr®hhkays idrdxYhla my; ±lafõ'
15'1 ú.Kk mejreï l%shd;aul lsÍu
^w& 2016 jr®Ih i|yd jQ jdr®Isl ú.Kk ie,eiau
jdr®Isl ú.Kk ie,eiau ilia ls¯u i|yd Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ hdj;ald,Sk lrk ,o ú.Kkhg
Ndckh úhhq;= l%shdldrlï iuq∞h ^Audit Universe&
ie,ls,a,g .kq ,eîh' fï i|yd hdj;ald,Sk
lrk ,o fomdr®;fïka;= fufyhqï w;afmd;aj,
wka;r®.; l%shdldrlï ,ehsia;=.; lr tajdfha
wj∞ku ;lafiare ls¯fuka wj∞kï wêl ldr®hhka
we;=<;a jk fia Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uQ,sl mrudr®:
iy Bg wkqhd; mrudr®:hkag w∞< ldr®hhka
i|yd m%uqL;ajh foñka" ksfhda‚; ldr®hhka iy
fjk;a ldr®hhka o we;=<;aa jk m˙† jdr®Isl
ú.Kk ie,eiau ilia lrk ,°' ;jo" f;dr;=re
moaO;s ú.Kkhka o tlS ie,eiaug we;=<;aa úh'
uqo,a uKav, WmfoaYk ú.Kk lñgqfõ ksr®foaY
iy uqo,a uKav,fha wkque;sh iys;j jdr®Isl
ú.Kk ie,eiau l%shdjg kxjk ,°' óg wu;rj"
iqrlaIs;;dj ;yjqre ls¯u ms<sn| cd;Hka;r uQ,H
wruqof,a ¥; uKav,h u.ska ksr®foaYs; ;=ka wjqre≥
Wmdh udr®.sl ú.Kk ie,eiau ieliSu i|yd o
wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=j wjYH lghq;=
lrñka 2018 - 2020 ld, mrsÉf√oh i|yd jQ Wmdh
udr®.sl ú.Kk ie,eiau fuu jifr®° ms<sfh,
lrk ,°'
^wd& wNHka;r ú.Kk l%shdmámdáh
iEu ú.Kk mejreulau ie,iqï ls¯u" l%shd;aul
ls¯u" ikaksfõokh ls¯u iy ksrdlrKhg wod<
lghq;= lsrSu hk w†hr y;rlska is≥ lrk ,°'
l%shd;aul ls¯fï w†hfr® ° ú.Kk f;dr;=re
tla/ia ls¯u iy f,aLk.; ls¯u is≥ lrkq ,eì◊'
cd;Hka;rj ms<s.;a m%ñ;Skag wkql+,j ú.Kk
m%;sM, ikaksfõokh ls¯fï ° mshjr y;rla wkq.
ukh lrk ,°' tkï ú.Kk ks¯laIK ;yjqre lr
II fldgi - 102
II fldgi
.ekSu i|yd ksuls¯ï /iaùï meje;aùu" ú.Kk
kss¯laIK ,sÅ;j oekqï°u" ú.Kk flgqïm;a
jdr®;dj ksl=;a ls¯u iy wjika ú.Kk jdr®;dj
ksl=;a ls¯u fõ' ;jo" fomdr®;fïka;=j, l%shdj,s
ysñlrejka ^Process Owners& úiska tlÛ jQ ú.Kk
ksr®foaY l%shd;aul ls¯u ;yjqre lr .ekSu i|yd
miq úmrï ú.Kkhka o kshñ; ld, mrdihka ;=<
° is≥ lrk ,°' ishÆu ú.Kk mejreï wNHka;r
ú.Kljrekaf.a wdh;kfha ^IIA& wka;r®cd;sl
jD;a;Suh m˙ph rduqfjys ^IPPF& m%ñ;Skag iy
f;dr;=re moaO;s ú.Kk iy md,k wdh;kfha
^ISACA& udr®f.damfoaYhkag wkql+,j is≥ lrkq
,eîh'
wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska wfkl=;a
fomdr®;fïka;= Ndú;d lrk moaO;Ska ^f;dr;=re
moaO;s we;=<;aj& iy tajdfha wNHka;r md,khkao"
tla tla fomdr®;fïka;= tys w;afmd;a" m%;sm;a;s
iy mámdáj,g olajk wkql+,;djho úur®Ykh
lrk ,°' ta yereKq fldg uqo,a uKav, WmfoaYk
ú.Kk lñgqfõ Wmfoia m˙† fomdr®;fïka;=
.Kkdjl ia:dkSh ú.Kkhka /ila o wNHka;r
ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska is≥ lrk ,°'
ta wkqj" fomdr®;fïka;= rdYshl wNHka;r md,k
≥r®j,;djhka iy moaO;sj, wvqÆyq`vqlï fmkajd
foñka tu ks¯laIKhka iy ne∫Kq wjodku wju
lr .ekSug .;hq;= l%shdudr®.hka o ksr®foaY lrk
,°' fomdr®;fïka;=j, ldr®hhkays ldr®hlaIu;dj
by< kxjd,Sug;a nexl=j ;=< is≥úh yels jxpd"
wmf;a hEï iy ie<lsh hq;= uÜgfï w,dN is≥ùfï
wj∞ku wju lr .ekSug;a tlS ksr®foaY bjy,a úh'
^we& úfYaI mejreï
Y%S ,xld uy nexl= wêm;sf.a" uqo,a uKav,fha iy
uqo,a uKav, WmfoaYk ú.Kk lñgqfõ b,a,Su
m˙† Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ úúO fomdr®;fïka;=
u.ska is≥lrkq ,enQ wdfhdack mámdá" wruqo,a
l<ukdlrK lghq;=" wdrlaIl l%shdudr®." fjk;a
wNHka;r md,khkaa iy w;afmd;aj,g" m%;sm;a;Skag
yd l%shd mámdáj,g wkql+,ùu b,lal lr.;a
úfYaI úur®Ykhka is≥ lrk ,o w;r tu úur®Yk
u.ska fomdr®;fïka;= lsysmhlu l%shdj,Ska wdjrKh
lrk ,°' tu úur®Yk u.ska fidhd .;a lreKqj,g
w∞<j wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=j lrk ,o
ksr®foaY l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd w∞< fomdr®;fïka;=
úiska fï jk úg;a lghq;= wdrïN lr we;'
^wE& ú.Kk lghq;=j, m%.;sh jdr®;d ls¯u
ú.Kk mejreï l%shd;aul ls¯fï m%.;sh uqo,a
uKav,hg iy uqo,a uKav, WmfoaYk lñgqjg
ldr®;=uh jYfhka jdr®;d lrk ,°' tfukau
ú.Kldêm;s fj; ú.Kk lghq;= ms<sn| wr®O
jdr®Isl jdr®;d imhk ,°'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
15'2 oekqïj;a lsÍfï jevigyka iy mqyqKq lsÍï
wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska tys ldr®h
uKav,h i|yd lafIa;%fha m%ùKfhl=f.a iydh
we;sj f;dr;=re moaO;s ú.Kkh ms<sn|j foaYkhla
2016 jir ;=< is≥ lrk ,°' ;jo" wNHka;r ú.Kk
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ldr®h uKav,h ish ±kqu fn∞ .ekSu
iy jr®Okh lr .ekSu i|yd wNHka;r ieis mj;ajk ,°'
udkj iïm;a fomdr®;fïka;=fõ b,a,Su m˙† WmdêOd¯ka"
Wmdê wfmalaIlhka iy Y%S ,xld jr,;a .Kldêld¯
wdh;kfha YsIHhka i|yd wNHka;r ú.Kkh iy Bg
w∞< úIhhka ms<sn|j mqyqKq ls¯fï lghq;= o wNHka;r
ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2016 jir ;=<°;a wLKavj
is≥ lrkq ,eîh'
15'3 uqo,a uKav, WmfoaYk ú.Kk lñgqj
uqo,a uKav, WmfoaYk ú.Kk lñgqj hkq uqo,a
uKav,fha wkq-lñgqjla jk w;r ú.Kk lghq;=j,g
w∞< m%;sm;a;s iy wfkl=;a lreKq ms<sn|j uqo,a
uKav,hg Wmfoia °u is≥ lrhs' jdr®Isl ú.Kk ie,eiau
iy tys w;=re ixfYdaOkhka" ndysr ú.Kljreka ksl=;a
lrk l<ukdld¯;aj ,sms i|yd l<ukdlrKfha m%;spdr
wd° lreKq tys° i,ld nef,hs' wNHka;r ú.Kk
wOHlaI uqo,a uKav, WmfoaYk ú.Kk lñgqfõ iyldr
f,alï f,i lghqq;= lrk w;r wNHka;r ú.Kk
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska lñgqfõ f,alï lghq;= i|yd
myiqlï ie,iSu jir mqrd wLKavj is≥ lrk ,°'
15'4 ndysr ú.Kk lghq;= i|yd myiqlï ie,iSu
ú.Kldêm;s úiska Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ndysr ú.Kkh
is≥ lrkq ,nk w;r" uqo,a uKav,fha f,alï u.ska
wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=j ndysr ú.Kkh
i|yd myiqlï imhkafkl= f,i lghq;= lrhs' wka;r®®
cd;sl uQ,H jdr®;dlrK m%ñ;Skag wkql+,j uQ,H m%ldYk
ú.Kkh i|yd ú.Kldêm;s úiska wr®kaiaÜ wekaâ hka.a
(Ernst & Young) jr,;a .Kldêld¯jreka m;alr we;'
ta wkqj" w∞< lghq;= is≥ ls¯ug wjYH f;dr;=re /ia
ls¯u" úYaf,aIKh iy ikaksfõokh ls¯u i|yd uqo,a
uKav,fha f,alï fj; ;dlaI◊l iyh iemhSu o
wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska is≥ lrk ,°'
15'5 ndysr ;;a;aj wdrlaIK iudf,dapkh
wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=fõ lghq;= wNHka;r
ú.Kljrekaaf.a wdh;kfha wka;r®cd;sl jD;a;Sh m˙ph
rduqfjys iïu;hkag wkql+,;djh olajkafka±hs ;yjqre
lr.ekSu i|yd fofjks jrg;a ndysr ;;a;aj wdrlaIK
iudf,dapkhla ms<s.;a foaYSh ú.Kk wdh;khla u.ska
is≥lrk ,°' wkaa;r® cd;sl uQ,H wruqof,a iqrlaIs;;d ¥;
uKav,h u.ska 2016 uehs ui ° is≥ flreKq Y%S ,xld
ixpdrfha ° o tjeks iudf,dapkhla meje;aùug ksr®foaY
lrk ,°' wNHka;r ú.Kk fomdr®;fïka;=fjys lghq;=
wNHka;r ú.Kljrekaf.a wdh;kfha m%ñ;Skag wr®O
jYfhka wkql+,;djh olajk nj tu iudf,dapkh uÛska
;yjqre lrk ,°'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
16' cd;Hka;r fufyhqï
uqo,a kS;s mk; wkqj" YS% ,xldfõ ks, úfoaY ixÑ;
l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| j.lSu YS% ,xld uy nexl=j i;=
fõ' ta wkqj cd;Hka;r ixÑ; l<ukdlrKh iy foaYSh
úfoaY úksuh fjf<|fmd< wëCIKh ms<sn| j.lSï
uqo,a uKav,h úiska cd;Hka;r fufyhqï lghq;=
fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; mjrkq ,en we;'
uqo,a kS;s mk; u.ska cd;Hka;r ixÑ;hkays ixhq;sh iy
th mj;ajdf.k hdu" remshf,ys ndysr ia:dhS;dj wdrlaId
lr.ekSu i`oyd ls%hdudr®. .ekSu" YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ
úfoaY úksuh fufyhqï lghq;=" cd;Hka;r ixÑ;
l<ukdlrK lghq;= j,g w∞<j uqo,a uKav,h i;=
n,;, yd j.lSï iy cd;Hka;r ixÑ; l<ukdlrKh
i|yd wjYH kS;suh rduqj imhkq ,nhs' ta wkqj uqo,a kS;s
mkf;a 67 jk j.ka;sfhys j;alï jr®." m%;smdr®Yajhka
(counterparties)" uQ,H WmlrK yd tajd ksl=;a lrkakkag
w∞< mrdñ;Ska iïnkaOj lreKq olajd we;' ;jo"
ixÑ;j, wdrlaIdj" øjYS,;dj iy m%;s,dN hk ixÑ;
l<ukdlrK wruqKq k.disgqùu i|yd w∞< ksr®Kdhl"
uqo,a uKav,h úiska ksl=;a lrkq ,efí'
16'1 cd;Hka;r ixÑ; l<ukdlrKh
cd;Hka;r ixÑ; iïnkaO wdfhdack lghq;=" uqo,a
uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o úfoaY ixÑ;
l<ukdlrK udr®f.damfoaYj,g wkqj iy úfoaY ixÑ;
l<ukdlrK lñgqfõ (Foreign Reserve Management
Committee) wëlaIKh hgf;a" ixÑ;j, wdrlaIdj"
øjYS,;djh iy m%;s,dN hk wruqKq i,ld n,ñka
is≥ lrkq ,nhs' cd;Hka;r ixÑ; m%Odk uqo,a jr®.
lsysmhlska olajd we;s w;r m%Odk jYfhka ia:ßr wd∞hï
iq/l=ï" uqo,a fjf<|fmd< WmlrK iy rka ixÑ;j,
wdfhdackh lr we;' fuu ia:ßr wd∞hï iq/l=ï l<U"
by< fY%a◊.; ls¯ula iys; rdcH iq/l=ïm;a" rdcH j.lSu
iys; iq/l=ïm;a" rdcH ksfhda‚; wdh;k iy wêcd;sl
wdh;k (Supra-National Institutions) u.ska ksl=;a lrk
,o iq/l=ïm;aj,ska iukaú; fõ' cd;Hka;r fufyhqï
lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ixÑ; l<ukdlrKh
i|yd lrkq ,nk .kqfokq is≥ lrkq ,nkafka ta ta
m%;smdr®Yajhkaf.a ia:djrNdjh iy Kh ,nd °ug we;s
fhda.H;djh ms<sn|j ±äj i,ld n,ñka" l<ukdlrKh
úiska wkqu; lrk ,o uy nexl=" by< fY%a◊.; ls¯ula
iys; jd◊c nexl= iy wdfhdack wdh;k (Investment
Houses) iu.sks' úfoaY ixÑ; l<U iukaú; jk j;alï
iy uqo,a ixhq;Ska ;SrKh ls¯fï ° øjYS, wjYH;d" Kh
fiajd f.ùï" wj∞kï l<ukdlrK mrdñ;Ska" wd∞hï
W;amdok yelshdjka iy uqo,a uKav,fha úfYaIs; ksfhda.
hk m%Odk idOl i,ld nef,a'
2016 jir ;=< ° YS% ,xld uy nexl=j ixÑ;
l<ukdlrKhg w∞< úfYaI{ ±kqu jeä †hqKq lr
.ekSfï wruq◊ka f,dal nexl=fõ ixÑ; WmfoaYl
iy l<ukdlrK jevigyk (Reserve Advisory and
II fldgi - 103
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
Management Programme – RAMP) yd iïnkaO úh'
f,dal nexl= NdKavd.drh úiska fufyhjkq ,nk fuu
jevigyk u.ska" úfoaY úksuh ixÑ; iy wfkl=;a
wdfhdack l<U ldr®hlaIuj l<ukdlrKhg wjldYh
,nd foñka WmfoaYl fiajd iy rdcH wxYfha (State
Sector) wdfhdack l<ukdlrejkag mqyqKqj iemhSu is≥
lrkq ,nhs' fuu jevigyfka uQ,sl wruqK jkafka f,dal
nexl=fõ idud‚l wdh;khka yg j;alï l<ukdlrK
yelshdj" fufyhqï há;, myiqlï iy udkj iïm;a
Od˙;dj by< kexùu i|yd wjYH iyh ,nd°uhs'
ixÑ; WmfoaYl iy l<ukdlrK jevigyk (RAMP)
hgf;a f,dal nexl=fõ u.fmkaùu iys;j j.lSïj,g
wkqj j;alï Wmdhudr®.sl f,i fhoùug bv i,ik
úoHd;aul m%fõYhla hgf;a YS% ,xld uy nexl=j ish úfoaY
ixÑ; l<ukdlrKh is≥ lrkq ,nhs' fuu ls%hdj,sh
Wmdhudr®.sl j;alï fjka ls¯fï l%uh (Strategic Asset
Allocation – SAA) f,i y∫kajk w;r tu.ska YS% ,xld
uy nexl=jg ish °r®>ld,Sk wdfhdack wruqKq fj;
<Ûdùug wjYH m˙† j;alï fjka ls¯u ms<sn| ;SrKh
ls¯ug wjldY i,ihs' Wmdhudr®.sl j;alï fjka ls¯fï
l%ufhys wruqKq °r®>ld,Sk jk w;r wkd.; Kh
fiajdlrK f.ùï" m%d.aOk ixrlaIKh iy jr®Okh
fuu wruqKq w;r fõ'
wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh ish fmd,S wkqmd;slh by<
±óu;a iu. wdfhdaclhka úiska ish wdfhdack ke`.S
tk fjf<`ofmd<j, isg idfmalaIj by< m%;s,dN iys;
ixjr®ê; fjf<|fmd<j,a fj; fhduq lrk ,°' flfia
fj;;a" ì%;dkHh hqfrdamd yjqf,ka bj;aùfï ;SrKfhka
miqj we;s jQ wys;lr n,mEï jHdma;ùfï wj∞ku iy
wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmo kj kdhl;ajh u.ska fhda‚;
cd;Hka;r fjf<| yd rdcH uQ,H wxYhka i|yd jk
m%;sm;a;suh fjkialï fya;=fjka cd;Hka;r uQ,H
fjf<|fmd< ;=< yg.;a úp,;djhka fya;= fldgf.k
wdfhdaclhkaf.a wjOdkh jeä jYfhka wdrlaIs; j;alï
(Safe Haven Assets) fj; fhduq jQ w;r tu.ska wdishdkq
wdr®:ßlhkaf.ka m%d.aOk wjm%jdyhla is≥ úh' fujeks
wNsfhda.d;aul f.da,Sh jd;djrKhla ;=<" cd;Hka;r
fufyhqï lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2016 jir ;=<
° úfoaY úksuh .kqfokq" uqo,a fjf<|fmd< ^Money
Market& wdfhdack iy m%d.aOk bmehqï yd ia:ßr wd∞hï
iq/l=ï u; jk l+mka wd∞hï u.ska tlai;a ckmo
fvd,r® ñ,shk 53 l Wm,íê wd∞hula (Realised Return)
Wmhk ,°'
2015 jir ;=<" YS% ,xld uy nexl=jg tlai;a ckmo
fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"500 l uqo,la ,nd.; yels jk m˙†
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j iy bka†hdkq ixÑ; nexl=j (Reserve
Bank of India) w;r uqo,a yqjudre .súiqï i|yd w;aika
;nk ,°' fuu .súiqï hgf;a" tlai;a ckmo fvd,r®
ñ,shk 700 l uqo,la 2016 udr®;= ui isg f;uila i|yd"
úfYaI uqo,a yqjudre .súiqu u.ska ,enq◊' ;jo" 2015 jir
wfm%a,a ui" by; yqjudre .súiqu hgf;a" tlai;a ckmo
fvd,r® ñ,shk 400 l uqo, Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg ysñ
II fldgi - 104
II fldgi
jQ w;r" fuu uqo," l,dmSh iyfhda.S;djh ms<sn| ol=Kq
wdishdkq ixúOdkfha (SAARC) idud‚l rdcHhkays uy
nexl= i|yd jk uQ,H myiqlu hgf;a" 2016 jir ;=<
isõ j;djla kej; wÆ;a ls¯u (rolled over) is≥ lrk ,°'
fuh uQ,H fjf<|fmd< ;=< YS% ,xld uy nexl=j ish
;;aFjh ;j≥rg;a Yla;su;a ls¯u fuka u idr®j wdr®:ßl
uQ,Or®u iy m%uqL fjf<| yjq,alrejkag w∞< uqo,a tall
úp,khkag iu.dój úksuh wkqmd;slfha ia:djrNdjh
Yla;su;aj mj;ajdf.k hEu i`oyd Wmld¯ úh'
16'2 wdfhdack ls%hdldrlï úYaf,aIKh yd myiqlï
ie,iSu
wdfhdack ls%hdldrlï úYaf,aIKh yd myiqlï ie,iSu
hgf;a YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ ixÑ; l<ukdlrKh yd
iïnkaO my; i|yka m%Odk ldr®hhka is≥ flfr®'
^w& ldr®h idOk we.hSu
cd;Hka;r fufyhqï lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j" tys
ixÑ; l<ukdlrK ls%hdldrlïj, ldr®h idOk
we.hSï lghq;= tys iuia; m%;s,dN m%udKh" j;alï
iy uqo,a tall jHdma;sh flfrys úfYaI wjOdkh
fhduq lrñka úfoaY ixÑ; uÜgu iy tys m%jK;d
ms<sn| úYaf,aIKhla o iys;j udisl" ldr®;=uh iy
jdr®Isl mokï hgf;a úfoaY ixÑ; l<ukdlrK
lñgqjg iy uqo,a uKav,hg b†˙m;a lrhs' ;jo"
ia:djr wd∞hï iq/l=ïm;aj, wdfhdackhka yryd
bmefhk m%;s,dN" uqo,a uKav,h wkqu; l<
Wmdhudr®.sl j;alï fjka ls¯fï l%uhg wkqj nr
;nk ,o wls%h l<Ulg idfmalaIj we.hSug ,la
lrhs' fuu we.hSï l%uh" wd∞hï ixikaokhg
wu;rj b†˙ ldr®hd,fha wf,úlrejka úiska .kq
,nk wu;r wj∞ku" ,efnk wu;r m%;s,dN
u.ska m%udKj;a f,i wdjrKh jkafka o hkak
fmkakqï ls¯fuka ils%h l<ukdlrK Wmdhudr®.
fha ldr®hlaIu;dj ;SrKh ls¯ug Wmld¯ fõ'
^wd& ixÑ; l<ukdlrK moaO;sh (TMS) md,kh ls¯u
cd;Hka;r fufyhqï lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j" ixÑ;
l<ukdlrK moaO;sfha m%Odk m˙YS,lhd jkakd fia
u" tys m˙md,k lghq;=j, Ndrldr;ajh o Wiq,k
w;r" wfkla m˙YS,k fomdr®;fïka;=" tu moaO;sfha
(TMS) úfoaY úl=Kqïlre iy foaYSh yjq,alre w;r
ksis iïnkaëlrKh mj;ajd .ekSu iïnkaOfhka
o j.lSu orhs' ;jo" ixÑ; l<ukdlrK moaO;sfha
ldr®hlaIu ls%hdld¯;ajh iy;sl lrkq jia iaúµaÜ
^SWIFT&" ;;ald,Sk uqo,a mshùfï moaO;sh ^RTGS&
iy fmd≥ f,crh ^GL& jeks wNHka;r moaO;s iu.
fuka u í¨ïnr®.a (Bloomberg) iy frdhsgr®ia
(Reuters) jeks ndysr moaO;s; iu. o tys mQr®K
iy wLKav iïnkaO;djh iy;sl ls¯fï j.lSu o
cd;Hka;r fufyhqï lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j i;=
fõ'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

^we& uQ,Huh fkdjk wj∞kï wëlaIKh iy wkql+,;d
we.hSu
ixÑ; l<ukdlrK lghq;=j,g w∞< uQ,H-fkdjk
wj∞kï ;;aFjh iy ta yd ine¢ wj∞kï m%;slr®u
ieliSu iy wëlaIKh cd;Hka;r fufyhqï lghq;=
fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska lrkq ,nk w;r tu jdr®;d
uQ,H-fkdjk wj∞kï l<ukdlrK lñgqj fj;
iEu ldr®;=jl ° u b†˙m;a lrhs'
ta w;r" cd;sl b;s˙ls¯fï nexl=j i|yd o 2016 foieïnr®
05 jeks∞ isg ls%hd;aul jk m˙† mj;ajdf.k hd yels
Y=oaO úfoaY úksuh m%udKh i|yd jk iSudjla ,ndfok
,°' ;jo" 2015 jifr® Y=oaO úfoaY úksuh úl=Kqï m%udKh
jk wefu˙ldkq fvd,r® ñ,shk 3"249'53 yd iei£fï °"
2016 jifr® ° YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska is≥ lrk ,o
Y=oaO úfoaY úksuh úl=Kqï m%udKh wefu˙ldkq fvd,r®
ñ,shk 768'16 la úh ^˚˚-21 jk ixLHd igyk&'

^b& uQ,H úY=oaêlrKhg yd ;%ia;jd° lghq;= i|yd II-20 ixLHd igyk

wruqo,a iemhSu je<elaùu iïnkaOfhka .kqfokq wka;¾ nexl= úfoaY úksuh .kqfokq mßudj - 2016
mdr®Yajhkaf.a we;s ne£u$wkql+,ùu ms<sn| jdr®Isl ^t'c'fvd' ñ,shk&
iudf,dapkh
udih t;eka miq†k t†k b†˙ tl;=j
jir 2016 ° cd;Hka;r fufyhqï lghq;=
ckjd˙ 393'00 101'00 80'90 575'76 1"150'66
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska §Tfí .kqfokqlre y∫kd
fmnrjd˙ 301'13 101'50 76'40 696'16 1"175'19
.ekSu (KYC) $ .kqfokqlrejka ms<sn| ksis WfoHda.
udr®;= 226'00 239'20 143'35 829'63 1"438'18
fhka ls%hd ls¯u (CDD) iïnkaO YS% ,xld uy
wfm%a,a 138'80 149'50 188'50 701'41 1"178'21
nexl=fõ .kqfokq mdr®Yaj fj; n,mj;ajk ¯;s¶
uehs 98'75 98'75 153'95 781'83 1"133'28
kï jQ kj udr®f.damfoaY moaO;shla ilia lrk
,°' fuys uqLH wruqK jkafka ishÆu úfoaY úksuh cqks 316'45 150'55 142'75 794'22 1"403'97

.kqfokq iïnkaOfhka ishÆu .kqfokq mdr®Yj cQ,s 144'75 108'50 73'20 794'88 1"121'33

úiska uQ,H úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu iy ;%ia;jdohg wf.daia;= 112'75 199'85 261'55 614'79 1"188'94

wruqo,a iemhSu je<elaùu ms<sn| ms<s.;a cd;Hka;r iema;eïnr® 234'75 185'70 357'70 661'45 1"439'60
m˙phka iïnkaOfhka jQ kS;s yd fr.=,dis ms<sn| Tlaf;danr® 210'90 220'60 165'95 709'03 1"306'48
wkql+,;djh iy;sl ls¯uhs' fkdjeïnr® 102'00 91'00 87'40 716'21 996'61
foieïnr® 177'22 78'50 159'68 821'63 1"237'03
16'3 foaYSh úfoaY úksuh fjf<|fmd< tl;=j 2"456'50 1"724'65 1"891'33 8"696'04 14"769'50
uQ,dY%h( cd;Hka;r fufyhqï lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j" YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
2016 jifr® °" úksuh wkqmd;slfha wêl úp,khka
md,kh ls¯fï wruq◊ka" cd;Hka;r fufyhqï lghq;=
fomdr®fïka;=j wLKav wëlaIKh ;=<ska" foaYSh úfoaY II-21 ixLHd igyk
úksuh fjf<|fmd< lghq;= iqugj mj;ajdf.k hk YS% ,xld uy nexl=j u.ska isÿlrk ,o úfoaY úksuh .ekqï
,°' miq.sh jir ;=< uyd ì%;dkHh" hqfrdamd ix.ufhka iy úl=Kqï - 2016
bj;aùu iy wefu˙ldkq tlai;a ckmo fµvr,a ixÑ; ^t'c'fvd' ñ,shk&
nexl=j u.ska fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< hEfï iïNdú;djla Y=oaO úfoaY úksuh
udih .ekqï úl=Kqï
we;s njg wfmalaId ls¯u ksid we;s jQ wúksYaÑ;Ndjhka .ekqï$^úl=Kqï&
fya;=fjka wefu˙ldkq fvd,rh wêm%udKh ùfï ckjd˙ - 303'50 ^303'50&
m%;sM,hla f,i m%d.aOk .,dhdï by< hEu iy NdKavd.dr fmnrjd˙ - 189'05 ^189'05&
iq/l=ïm;aj, wdfhdackh lr ;snQ úfoaYSh wdfhdack udr®;= 10'95 432'06 ^421'11&
kej; ujq rgj,a lrd hEu u.ska YS% ,xld remsh,
wfm%a,a 14'94 266'45 ^251'51&
wjm%udKh ùu i|yd mSvkhla t,a, úh' 2015 jifr®
uehs 123'83 36'20 87'63
° wefu˙ldkq fvd,r® ì,shk 13'6 la jQ wka;r® nexl=
.kqfokq m˙udj" 2016 jifr® ° wefu˙ldkq fvd,r® ì,shk cqks 178'78 194'02 ^15'24&
14'8 olajd jeä úh ^˚˚-20 jk ixLHd igyk&' miq.sh cQ,s 204'55 53'90 150'65
jir yd iei£fï °" miq†k (Tom), t†k (Cash) iy wf.daia;= 190'77 57'58 133'19
b†˙ (Forward) moku hgf;a jQ úksuh .kqfokqj, iema;eïnr® 131'29 15'20 116'09
wvqùula fmkakqï l< w;r t;eka (Spot) moku hgf;a Tlaf;danr® 88'33 163'78 ^75'45&
is≥jQ úksuh .kqfokqj, ie,lsh hq;= jr®Okhla fmkakqï
fkdjeïnr® 9'45 116'91 ^107'46&
fl˙◊' 2016 jr®Ih ;=< °" YS% ,xld uy nexl=j u.ska
n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=j,g mj;ajdf.k hd yels Y=oaO foieïnr® 179'31 71'73 107'58
úfoaY úksuh m%udKh u; mkjk ,o iuia; iSudj tl;=j 1"132'22 1"900'38 ^768'16&
wefu˙ldkq fvd,r® ñ,shk 197 uÜgu olajd jeä lrk ,°' uQ,dY%h( cd;Hka;r fufyhqï lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j" YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 105

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
17' kS;s iy wkql+,;d lghq;=
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uQ,sl wruqKq idlaId;a lr .ekSfuys,d
kS;s iy wkql+,;d fomdr®;fïka;=fjys ∞hl;ajh uE;
iufha ° tys Wmdh udr®.sl ie,iqïj, m%Odk ia:dkhla
,nd f.k we;' kS;s iy wkql+,;d fomdr®;fïka;=j"
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ffk;sl whs;sjdislï wdrlaId
ls¯u;a" kS;s iy kshduk moaO;sfha ld,dkqrEmS nj
;yjqre ls¯u;a hk ish m%Odk b,lal lrd <`.d fjñka
cd;sl jeo.;alula we;s lreKq iïnkaO m%;sm;a;s
ieliSfï w†hfr® ° kS;suh iydh o imhñka jeo.;a
ldr®h Ndrhla bgq lrhs' 2015 cqks udifha ° msysg jQ kS;s
iy wkql+,;d fomdr®;fïka;=jg" rcfha fomdr®;fïka;+"
fjk;a kshduk wêld¯ka iy uy nexl=fõ wfkl=;a
fomdr®;fïka;= o iu`. iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lrñka"
uy nexl=j ;=< ishÆu kS;suh iy mámdál wxY wdY%s;j"
uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj" f.ùï moaO;sh iy rfÜ uQ,H
moaO;shg w∞<j mek k`.sk kS;suh iy m%;sia:dmk
.egÆ wjfndaO lr .ekSfï ksis m˙mQr®K njla ;yjqre
lr °ug yels ù we;'
uy nexl=j úiska l%shdfjys fhdojkq ,nk kS;s iy
kshduk moaO;sh cd;Hka;r ms<s.ekSï yd úYsIag
Ndú;djka yd wkql+, jk njg ;yjqre lrk w;r uy
nexl=fõ ffk;sl wj∞ku yd lSr®;sh mΩ≥ ùu ms<sn|
wj∞ku wju ls¯u iïnkaOfhka o kS;s iy wkql+,;d
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska m%Odk ldr®h Ndrhla bgq lrk
,°'
kS;s iy wkql+,;d fomdr®;fïka;=j ia:dms; ls¯u
fya;=fjka uy nexl=jg w∞< ishÆu kvq lghq;= iy
fjk;a kS;suh .egÆ iïnkaOfhka ksis l,g ldr®hlaIuj
iy M,∞hS f,i lghq;= ls¯ug yelshdj ,eì◊' fuys°
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska wfkl=;a ishÆ fomdr®;fïka;=
uqyqK fok kS;suh m%Yak úiπ .ekSfï ° o ish wLKav
iyfhda.h ,nd fok ,°' tu fomdr®;fïka;= úiska
l%shd;aul lrk ,o ishÆu .súiqï" tl`.;djka iy fjk;a
m%Odk kS;suh ne£ï yd iïnkaO f,aLk o flgqïm;a
ls¯u yd$fyda iudf,dapkh ls¯u kS;s iy wkql+,;d
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska is≥ lrk ,°' ishÆu fkd;d˙ia
lghq;=" úfYaIfhka uy nexl= ldr®h uKav, ^Wlia& Kh
fhdackd l%uh yd iïnkaO lghq;= o ldr®hlaIu f,i bgq
lrk ,°'
úfYaIfhkau uQ,H moaO;s wxYfha wëlaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=j, kshdukhg hg;a wdh;k úiska lrkq
,nk ksfhda. lvls¯ïj,° wjYH m˙† iq≥iq kshduk
lghq;= iy mekùï is≥ls¯u i|yd tu fomdr®;fïka;=j,g
ks¯laIK" ksr®foaY iy Wmfoia ,nd °u o kS;s iy
wkql+,;d fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jeo.;a ldr®hhls' ;jo"
msysgqùfuka miq f.ù.sh flá ld,h ;=< fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska uqo,a uKav,fha ;SrKj,ska we;s úh yels kS;suh
iy fjk;a wj∞kï wju ls¯u Wfoid" l,ska l< wjYH
m˙† uqo,a uKav,h fj; Wmfoia" kS;suh meye†,s ls¯ï
iy ksr®foaYhka o imhk ,°'
II fldgi - 106
II fldgi
kS;s iy wkql+,;d fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ks,Od¯ka wêlrK"
úksYaph iNd" fldñIka iNd hkd° úúO ffk;sl
wêldrhka b†˙fha uy nexl=j ksfhdackh lrk ,o w;r
kvq lghq;=j,g w∞<j kS;sm;s fomdr®;fïka;=j iu`.
lghq;= ls¯fï ° iïnkaëlrK ldr®hhka o bgq lrk
,°' tfiau kS;s úfrdaë uQ,H fhdackd l%u iy wkjir
uQ,H jHdmdr wd†h ms<sn|j uyck;djf.a ±kqu jr®Okh
ls¯u wruqKq lr.;a ±kqj;a ls¯fï jevigyka rdYshlg
o iïm;a ∞hlhka jYfhka fomdr®;fïka;= ks,Od¯yq
iyNd.s jQy'
fï wdldrfhka uy nexl=fõ ldr®hhka iy j.lSï w∞<
kS;s m%;smdok" ¯;s iy fr.=,disj,g wkql+,j mj;ajd
.ekSu úIhfhys kS;s iy wkql+,;d fomdr®;fïka;=j
iqúfYaIS ∞hl;ajhla imhkq ,nhs' uy nexl=j úiska
l%shdfõ fhdojkq ,nk mk;a i|yd fhda.H ixfYdaOk
y∫kajd °u miq.sh jifr® ° fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
wdrïN lrk ,°' tu mk;a f.da,Sh kshduk m%ñ;Skag
iy úYsIag Ndú;hkag wkq.; ùu ;yjqre lrñka fuu
ldr®hh wLKavj is≥ flfr®' fulS wruqKg w∞<j
Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj idlaId;a ls¯u Wfoid"
ukd kshduk m%fõYhla jr®Okh lr .ekSfï wruq◊ka
kS;s iy wkql+,;d fomdr®;fïka;=j fjk;a kshduk iy
wëlaIK wêld¯ka iu`. ksrka;r woyia yqjudrejla
mj;ajd .kS'
18' id¾j úplaIK;d wOHhk
uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;d fomdr®;fïka;=j kñka 2007 jifr®
° wdrïN lrk ,o fuu fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ku" 2011
jifr® ° uQ,H ia:dhS;d wOHhk fomdr®;fïka;=j f,i;a"
2014 jifr® ° uQ,H wxY mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
f,i;a" bka wk;=rej 2016 jifr® fkdjeïnr® udifha °
idr®j úplaIK;d wOHhk fomdr®;fïka;=j f,i;a
fjkia lrk ,°' bgqúh hq;= ldr®hhka i,ld ne,Sfï °
wjYH ;dlaI◊l l=i,;d iy udkj iïm;a w;ska
fomdr®;fïka;=j ;ju;a uQ,sl w†hrj, mj;S'
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ m%Odk wruqKqj,ska tlla jk
uQ,H moaO;sfha ia:dhS;dj mj;ajdf.k hEu idlaId;a lr
.ekSu i|yd uQ,H wxYfha moaO;suh wj∞ku iajdëkj
we.hSu idr®j úplaIK;d wOHhk fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
uQ,sl wruqK fõ' idr®j úplaIK wfõlaIKh" uQ,H
ia:dhS;djg n,mEï l< yels m%Odk úp,Hhka we;=<;a
o;a; ks;sm;d /ials¯u yd mj;ajd f.k hEu" jdr®Isl
uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;d újrK jdr®;dj ms<sfh< ls¯u iy
jHjia:dms; iy wfkl=;a ld,Sk jdr®;dj,g ∞hl;ajh
,nd °u fomdr®;fïka;=fõ uQ,sl ldr®hhkag we;=<;a
fõ' ta wkqj" fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2016 jir ;=< °
tys idr®j úplaIK wfõlaIK rduqj ;j≥rg;a jeä†hqKq
l< w;r" uQ,H moaO;s ia:dhS;dj jr®Okh yd Yla;su;a
ls¯u iïnkaO ud;Dld ms<sn|j wOHhkh ls¯u iy Y%S
,xld uy nexl=fõ jHjia:dms; jdr®;d iy wfkl=;a
fomdr®;fïka;= u.ska ms<sfh< lrk m%ldYkhka i|yd
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
∞hl;ajh ,nd°u o is≥ fl˙◊' fuu ldr®hNdrhka my;
ieflúka olajd we;'
^w& idr®j úplaIK wfõlaIKh
fomdr®;fïka;=jg mej¯ we;s ldr®hNdrhg wkq.;
fjñka uy nexl=fõ wfkl=;a fomdr®;fïka;=j,ska iy
ndysr wdh;kj,ska imhd.kq ,enQ o;a; mokï fldg
f.k uQ,H wdh;k" uQ,H fj<|fmd<j,a" idx.ñl wxYh
iy idr®j wdr®:ßlh hk wxYhkays uQ,H Yla;su;aNdjh
ms<sìUq flfrk or®Yl fm<la ldr®;=uh iy udisl
mokula hgf;a wLKavj ilia lrk ,°' fujeks
we.hSï yryd by; i|yka l< uQ,H wxYfha Wm wxYj,
ia:dhS;dj we.hSu iy tlS wxYj, we;s úh yels wj∞kï
lrkfldgf.k iuia; uQ,H moaO;sfha ia:dhS;djhg
wys;lr n,mEula we;s ùug hï m%jK;d mj;S kï tlS
uQ,sl ;;a;aj y∫kd .ekSu;a is≥ fl˙◊' ;j o" uQ,H
fj<|fmd<j,a" n,m;%,dNS nexl= yd nexl= fkdjk uQ,H
wdh;k" idx.ñl wxYh iy idr®j wdr®:ßlh wdjrKh
jk m˙† idr®j úplaIK or®Yl lsysmhla fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska ilia l< w;r úksuh wkqmd;slfha yeis¯u"
idx.ñl wxYfha Kh ,nd .ekSfï yelshdj iy uQ,H
wxYfha Kh .,d hEï wdY%s;j iuia; uQ,H moaO;shg we;s
úh yels wjodkï l,a;nd y∫kd .ekSfï wruqfKka tlS
wxY wdY%s; mQr®j ±kqï°fï or®Yl ;j≥rg;a jeä†hqKq lrk
,°' by; i|yka l< idr®j úplaIK wfõlaIKhkaf.ka
wkdjrKh jk uQ,H wxYfha m%jK;d iy ixjr®Okhka
u;=lr olajñka udisl uQ,H wxY wj∞kï we.hSfï jdr®;d
uQ,H m%;sm;a;s lñgqj fj; wLKavj b†˙m;a lrk ,°'
^wd& uQ,H wxYfha úfYaIs; úIh lafIa;% wdjrKh jk
m˙† mr®fhaIK is≥ ls¯u
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2016 jir ;=< ° uQ,H wxYfha
úfYaIs; úIh lafIa;% y;rla hgf;a mr®fhaIK is≥
lrk ,°' fuu mr®fhaIKhka ;=<ska nexl= fkdjk uQ,H
wdh;kj, Kh °fï lghq;= úúOdx.SlrKh i|yd
mj;akd iSudjka y∫kd .ekSu" uQ,H wdh;k i;= ,eìh
hq;= Kh fYaIhka m%;suQ,HlrKh" ysÛysá fyda wlr®ukH
Kh o we;=<;aj ≥r®j, uQ,H wdh;k l%ñlj m%;sjHqy.;
ls¯u iy l,dmSh uy nexl=j, uQ,H moaO;s wxYfha
fomdr®;fïka;=j, ixúOdk jHqyh wOHhkh ls¯u is≥
fl˙◊'
^we& Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ jHjia:dms; iy wfkl=;a
m%ldYk i|yd ∞hl ùu
idr®j úplaIK;d wOHhk fomdr®;fïka;=j" Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ 2015 jifr® jdr®Isl jdr®;dfjys §uQ,H
wxYfha ls%hdld¯;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj¶ iy
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,o uE;ld,Sk
wdr®:ßl m%jK;d - 2016 ys §uQ,H wxYfha m%jK;d iy
ia:dhS;dj¶ hk m˙Éf√o ieliSu i|yd ∞hl;ajh iy
wjYH iïnkaëlrK lghq;= is≥ lrk ,°' ;jo" Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j úiska 2016 iema;eïnr® ui uqo,a wud;Hjrhdg
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
ms<s.kajk ,o iema;eïnr® 15 jdr®;dfõ §uQ,H wxYfha
m%jK;d iy ia:dhS;dj¶ m˙Éf√oh ndysr wdh;k iy Y%S
,xld uy nexl=fõ w∞< fomdr®;fïka;= úiska imhk ,o
jdr®;d tla/ia ls¯u iy wjYH ∞hl;ajh ,nd °u ;=<ska
ksu lrk ,°' fuu jdr®;d u.ska ldr®hidOkh" wj∞kï
iy wj∞kï l<ukdlrKh" iïm;a Wmfhdackh hk
wxY iïnkaO úfYaI wjOdkh fhduq lrñka rfgys uQ,H
wdh;k" uQ,H fj<|fmd< iy uQ,H moaO;sh ms<sn| mqΩ,a
úYaf,aIKhla is≥ lrk w;r" rfgys uQ,H wxYfha iuia;
ia:dhS;djh flfrys fuu tla tla wxYhkaf.ka is≥ jQ yd
b†˙fha ° úh yels n,mEï we.hSu yd tu wxYhkag w∞<
kshdukhkays ;j≥rg;a is≥ jQ jr®Okhka ms<sn| úia;r
we;=<;a fõ' tfukau fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska Y%S ,xld uy
nexl=fõ wfkl=;a fomdr®;fïka;=j,g uQ,H wxYfha o;a;
iïmdokh" wLKav jdr®;d b†˙m;a ls¯ï iy m%ldYk
i|yd ∞hl;ajh ,nd°u o is≥ fl˙◊'
^wE& wfkl=;a l%shdldrlï
idr®j úplaIK;d wOHhk fomdr®;fïka;=j" wka;r®cd;sl
uQ,H wruqo, iy f,dal nexl=fõ ;dlaIK ks,Od¯ka iuÛ
tlaj .egÆld¯ j;alï h:d;;a;ajhg m;als¯u" uQ,H wxYfha
kshdukhkag w∞< kshduk l%ufõohka yd kS;s hdj;ald,Sk
ls¯u yryd uQ,H wxYfha wLKav jr®Okhka is≥ ls¯ug Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ w∞< fomdr®;fïka;=j,g wjYH ;dlaI◊l iydh
,nd°u i|yd wjYH uQ,sl iïnkaëlrK lghq;= o 2016 jir
;=< ° is≥ lrk ,°'
19' f.ùï iy mshùï
uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 62 w j.ka;sh u.ska Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
fj; wruqo,a udre ls¯u i|yd moaO;s msysgqùu iy
fufyhùu" f.ùï nerlï mshùu iy iyNd.s;aj
wdh;kj,g moaO;s kS;s¯;s ksl=;a ls¯u i|yd n,h mjrd
we;' fï wkqj" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg mej¯ we;s j.lSu
bgq ls¯u i|yd f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j 2002
° ia:dmkh lrk ,°' ;jo" 2005 wxl 28 ork f.ùfï
yd fíreï ls¯fï moaO;s mk; n,d;aul ls¯u;a iu`.
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg tu mk; hgf;a mej¯ we;s
j.lSï bgq ls¯u o f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=jg
mjrk ,°' ;;ald,Sk o< mshùï moaO;sfhys fufyhqï
is≥ ls¯u" uQ,H .kqfokq i|yd miq fufyhqï ldr®hd,
myiqlï ie,iSu" iaúµaÜ (SWIFT) ikaksfõok lghq;=
l<ukdlrKh ls¯u" wdishdkq ksIaldYk ix.ufha
rgj,a w;r .kqfokq i|yd myiqlï ie,iSu" cd;sl
f.ùï hdka;%Kh f.dvke.Su i|yd myiqlï ie,iSu
fukau rg;=< f.ùï iy mshùï moaO;s kshduk iy
wfõlaIK lghq;= is≥ ls¯u hk ldr®hhka f.ùï iy
mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=fjys m%Odk lghq;= fõ' tA wkqj"
2016 jir ;=< f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=fjys
m%Odk lghq;=j,g w∞< l%shdld˙;ajh my; ±lafjk
w;r f.ùï yd mshùï moaO;s ms<sn| úia;rd;aul ú.%yhla
8 jk m˙Éf√ofhys ±lafõ'
II fldgi - 107
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
19'1
;;ald,Sk o< mshùï moaO;sfhys (RTGS)
fufyhqï lghq;=
f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska iyNd.s;aj
wdh;k w;r ld, ixfõ° úYd, jákdlï iys; f.ùï
;;ald,Sk o< mshùï moku u; mshùï is≥ lrk
;;ald,Sk o< mshùï moaO;sfhys fufyhqï lghq;= is≥
lrk ,o w;r" tu moaO;sfhys iqug l%shdld˙;ajh iy;sl
ls¯u i|yd iyNd.s;aj wdh;k fj; tla †k øjYS,;d
myiqlu ,nd °u o is≥ lrk ,°' ;;ald,Sk o< mshùï
moaO;sfhys iyNd.s;aj wdh;k jkqfha Y%S ,xld uy
nexl=j" n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=" nexl= fkdjk m%d:ñl
wf,úlrejka" fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo, iy fld<U
fldgia yqjudrefjys uOHu ;ekam;= moaO;shhs'
;;ald,Sk o< mshùï moaO;sh yd ,xldfilHq moaO;sh
hk moaO;s follska iukaú; ,xldfiÜ,a moaO;sh" 2016
foieïnr® udifha ° ixialrK 3'7 isg ixialrK 3'8
olajd jeä †hqKq lrk ,o w;r tu kj ixialrK hgf;a
i„ù fufyhqï lghq;= wdrïN lrk ,°'
2016 jir wjidkfha ° iyNd.s;aj wdh;k ixLHdj 36 la
úh' jir ;=< ° ;;ald,Sk o< mshùï moaO;sh u.ska remsh,a
ì,shk 93"378 l jákdlñka hq;a .kqfokq 365"991 l
m%udKhl mshùï lghq;= is≥ lrk ,°' ;;ald,Sk o<
mshùï moaO;sh u.ska mshjk ,o ffoksl idudkH
.kqfokq m%udKh 1"519 la jQ w;r tys .kqfokqj,
idudkH jákdlu remsh,a ì,shk 387 la úh' iyNd.s;aj
wdh;k fj; ffokslj ,nd fok ,o tla †k øjYS,;d
myiqlfuys idudkHh remsh,a ì,shk 38'8 la úh'
cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Skag wkql+,j lghq;= lrñka ;;ald,Sk
o< mshùï moaO;sfhys Wmfhda.S;dj 2016 jifr® ° ishhg
99'90 f,i mj;ajdf.k hk ,°'
19'2 Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fjys uQ,H .kqfokq i|yd miq
fufyhqï ld¾hd, fiajd iemhSu
^w& úfoaY úksuh .kqfokq i|yd miq fufyhqï ldr®hd,
fiajd
2016 jifr® °" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ cd;Hka;r ixÑ;
l<ukdlrK lghq;= iïnkaOfhka imhk ,o miq
fufyhqï ldr®hd, fiajd my; ±lafõ'
^⁄& 2016 jifr® °" úfoaY úksuh wf,ú iy uQ,Hk"
uqo,a fj<|fmd<" ia:djr wd∞hï iq/l=ïm;a" rka
fj<|fmd< wdY%s; lghq;=" wdishdkq ksIaldYk
ix.ufha .kqfokq iy m%;sñ,° .ekSï$m%;súl=Kqï
.kqfokq 12"621 lg w∞< mshùï is≥ l< w;r" tys
jákdlu tlai;a ckmo fvd,r® ì,shk 343'4 la
úh' 19'4 wdishdkq ksIaldYk ix.uh hgf;a isÿ lrk
^⁄⁄& cd;Hka;r fufyhqï lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska
fhduq lrk .kqfokq mshùug myiqlï ie,iSu
Wfoid fiajd uqr l%uh 2016 m<uq i;a udih ;=<
° ;j≥rg;a l%shd;aul lrk ,°' flfia jqj o"
II fldgi - 108
II fldgi
jd◊cuh moku u; jQ (Proprietary) úfoaY úksuh
.kqfokq w;aysgqùu;a iu`. fiajd uqr l%uh o 2016
wf.daia;= udifha 10 jk ∞ isg w;aysgqjk ,°'
^wd& újg fj<|fmd< lghq;= i|yd miq fufyhqï
ldr®hd, fiajd
n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= iy m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka iu`.
is≥ l< újg fj<|fmd< lghq;= i|yd miq fufyhqï
ldr®hd, myiqlï i,id foñka újg fj<|fmd<
iyNd.s;aj wdh;kj, øjYS, wjYH;d l<ukdlrKh
i|yd myiqlï i,ik ,°' ta wkqj" 2016 jir ;=< °
f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska remsh,a ì,shk
252 la jákd m%;sñ,° .ekSï .kqfokq 120 la o" jákdlu
remsh,a ì,shk 5"573 la jQ ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï .kqfokq
3"813 la o" remsh,a ì,shk 3"208 la jQ ks;H Kh myiqlï
2"555 la o" remsh,a ì,shk 3"938 la jQ m%;sñ,° .ekqï
.kqfokq 4"119 la o" remsh,a ì,shk 39'60 la jQ ia:ßr moku
u; NdKavd.dr ì,am;a úl=Kqï .kqfokq 22 la o" remsh,a
ì,shk 15'77 la jQ ia®:ßr moku u; NdKavd.dr ì,am;a
ñ,° .ekSï .kqfokq 21 la o is≥ ls¯ug iy myiqlï
ie,iSug ∞hl úh'
19'3 iaú*AÜ (SWIFT) uQ,H ikaksfõok moaO;sh
l<ukdlrKh
f,dal jHdma; wka;r®nexl= uQ,H ikaksfõok ix.uh
^iaúµaÜ& hkq iqrlaIs; yd wdrlaIdld¯ m˙irhla ;=< uQ,H
.kqfokqj, f.ùï Wmfoia iy fjk;a w∞< f;dr;=re
yqjudre ls˙fï ikaksfõok udr®.hla fõ' uD≥ldx.
yd oDvdx." l%shd∞uhka" l%shdmámdàka iy wj∞kï
l<ukdlrK md,khka iïnkaOfhka iaúµaÜ m%Odk
uQ,ia:dkh u.ska kshu lrk ,o m%ñ;Skag wkql+, fjñka
wfkl=;a foaYSh yd wka;r®cd;sl uQ,H wdh;k iu`.
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ishÆu iaúµaÜ ikaksfõok lghq;=
f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska mj;ajdf.k
hkq ,nhs'
2016 jir ;=< ° Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ foaYSh iy úfoaYSh
úksuh .kqfokq i|yd myiqlï i,iñka hjk ,o iy
,enqKq uqΩ iaúµaÜ mKsjqv ixLHdj" ms<sfj<ska 1"649"068
iy 876"294 la úh' ;u fiajd ∞hlhka fj; jeä†hqKq
lrk ,o myiqlï iys; jvd ldr®hlaIu fiajdjla ,nd
°u i|yd fiajd iemhqïlre úiska iaúµaÜ moaO;sh kj
ixialrK 7.1.21 olajd jeä†hqKq lrk ,°' ta wkqj"
iaúµaÜ úiska y∫kajd ≥ka cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Skag wkql+,
ùu i|yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j o fuu kj ixialrKh
idr®:lj ia:dmkh lrk ,°'
.kqfokq i|yd myiqlï ie,iSu
2016 jifr® ° f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
wdishdkq ksIaldYk ix.ufhys idud‚l rgj,a 9 w;r
is≥jk cd;Hka;r fj<| .kqfokq mshùu i|yd myiqlï
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
ie,iSu wLKavj is≥ lrk ,°' wdishdkq ksIaldYk ix.ï
hdka;%Kh yryd Y%S ,xldj" remsh,a ì,shk 478'1 l
jákdlulska hq;a .kqfokq 6"510 la is≥ lrk ,°' tu
hdka;%Kh hgf;a is≥ lrk ,o Y=oaO mshùïj, jákdlu
remsh,a ì,shk 409'4 la úh'
wdishdkq ksIaldYk ix.ufha 45 jk wOHlaI uKav,
/iaùu 2016 jifr® cqks udifha ñhekaudrfha ° meje;ajQ
w;r Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fjys ksfhdacH wêm;s" f.ùï
iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=fõ" wOHlaIl iy wdishdkq
ksIaldYk wxYfha wxY m%Odks tu /iaùug iyNd.s úh'
19'5
cd;sl f.ùï hdka;%Kh f.dvke.Su i|yd
myiqlï ie,iSu
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska" —,xldfma˜ (LankaPay)
ikakduh hgf;a ,xldla,shr® ^fm!oa.,sl& iud.u
u.ska fufyhjkq ,nk ldâm;a iy wfkl=;a f.ùï
wdY%s; fmd≥ f.ùï hdka;%Kfhys ia:dms; ls¯u i|yd
wjYH myiqlï iemhSu wLKavj is≥ lrk ,°' rfgys
cd;sl f.ùï hdka;%Kh f,i kï lrk ,o ldâm;a iy
wfkl=;a f.ùï wdY%s; fmd≥ f.ùï hdka;%Kh moaO;s 5
lska iukaú; fõ' tkï" iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% i|yd
jQ fmd≥ f.ùï hdka;%Kh (CAS)" úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u
i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh (CEFTS)" iajhxl%Sh fg,r®
hka;% i|yd iajlSh hdka;%Khla fkdue;s wh fjkqfjka
jQ yjq,a fiajd hdka;%Kh (SAS)" úl=Kqïm, f.ùï hka;%
wdY%s; fmd≥ hdka;%Kh (CPS) iy cx.u ≥rl:k wdY%s;
f.ùï i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh (CMobS) fõ' ldâm;a
iy wfkl=;a f.ùï wdY%s; fmd≥ hdka;%Kfha cd;sl
jeo.;alu ie,ls,a,g f.k ta i|yd myiqlï iemhSu
i|yd f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j" ldâm;a iy
wfkl=;a f.ùï wdY%s; fmd≥ f.ùï hdka;%K lghq;=j,
l%shdld˙;ajh iy 2015 wxl 07 ork f.ùï iy mshùï
moaO;s pl%f,aLh u.ska ldâm;a iy wfkl=;a f.ùï wdY%s;
fmd≥ f.ùï hdka;%Kh iu`. iïnkaO ùug w∞<j kshu
lrk ,o ld,iSudjka ks¯laIKh ls¯u is≥ lrk ,°'
2016 jir wjidk jk úg ldâm;a iy wfkl=;a f.ùï
wdY%s; fmd≥ f.ùï hdka;%Kfha m%.;sh my; ±lafõ'
^w& ldâm;a iy wfkl=;a f.ùï wdY%s; fmd≥ f.ùï
hdka;%Kfha m%:u moaO;sh f,i" iajhxl%Sh fg,r®
hka;% i|yd jQ fmd≥ f.ùï hdka;%Kh 2013 cQ,s
udifha ° fufyhqï lghq;= wdrïN lrk ,°' 2016
wjidk jk úg iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% i|yd jQ
fmd≥ f.ùï hdka;%Kfha idud‚l ixLHdj 23
la jQ w;r Bg iïnkaO ù ;snQ iajhxl%Sh fg,r®
hka;% ixLHdj 3"800 blaujk ,°' fuu hdka;%Kh
u.ska iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% yryd uqo,a .ekSfï
yd fYaIh m¯laId ls¯fï myiqlï imhkq ,nhs'
2016 jifr® ° iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% i|yd jQ fmd≥
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
f.ùï hdka;%Kh yryd remsh,a ì,shk 174 l
jákdlulska hq;a .kqfokq ñ,shk 31'3 la is≥ lrk
,°'
^wd& ldâm;a iy wfkl=;a f.ùï wdY%s; fmd≥ f.ùï
hdka;%Kfhys fojk Wm moaO;sh jk úoHq;a
wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh 2015
wf.daia;= udifha ° wdrïN lrk ,°' úoHq;a wruqo,a
mej¯u i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kh .kqfokqlrejkag
wka;r®cd,h mokï lr.;a nexl= lghq;=" cx.u
≥rl:k mokï lr.;a nexl= lghq;= u.ska"
iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;%" lsfhdiala hka;% iy nexl=
ljqΩj fj;ska hk úúO l%u yryd ;;ald,Skj
wruqo,a heùug myiqlï i,ihs'
2016 wjika jk úg úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯u i|yd jQ
fmd≥ hdka;%Khg uQ,H wdh;k 22 la iïnkaO ù
isá w;r tu.ska jákdlu remsh,a ì,shk 69'4 la jQ
.kqfokq 894"674 la i|yd myiqlï imhk ,°'
^we& iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% i|yd jQ yjq,a fiajd
hdka;%Kh 2015 wf.daia;= udifha ° tla idud‚l
wdh;khla iys;j wdrïN l< w;r fï u.ska
iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% fiajdj iemhSu i|yd iajlSh
iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% hdka;%Khka fkdue;s uQ,H
wdh;k i|yd myiqlï imhhs'
19'6
f.ùï iy mshùï moaO;s kshdukh iy
wfõlaIKh
úoHq;a f.ùï moaO;sj, iqrlaIs;Ndjh iy ldr®hlaIu;dj
;yjqre ls¯u i|yd f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j tys
kshduk iy wfõlaIK lghq;= ;j≥rg;a is≥ lrk ,°' ta
wkqj" 2016 jir ;=< ° f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j
my; ±lafjk m%Odk ldr®hhka is≥ lrk ,°'
^w& 2013 wxl 1 ork f.ùï ldâm;a iy cx.u ≥rl:k
wdY%s; f.ùï moaO;s i|yd jk ksfhda. hgf;a
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j 2016 jifr® ° n,m;% folla
ksl=;a lrk ,o w;r tla uQ,H wdh;khlg f.úï
ldâm;a ksl=;a lrkafkl= f,i o" wfkla uQ,H
wdh;khg f.ùï ldâm;a ksl=;a lrkafkl= iy
.kqfokqlrejkaf.a .sKqï mokï lr.;a cx.u
≥rl:k wdY%s; f.ùï moaO;shl l%shdlrefjla f,i
lghq;= ls¯ug o n,m;% ,nd fok ,°' ta wkqj" 2016
jir wjidkfha °" n,m;%,dNS fiajd iemhqïlrejka
ixLHdj 35 olajd jeä úh'
^wd& cx.u ≥rl:k mokï lr.;a úoHq;a uqo,a moaO;sj,
mj;sk wj∞kï ie,ls,a,g .ksñka" f.ùï iy
mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j cx.u ≥rl:k mokï
lr.;a úoHq;a uqo,a moaO;s fufyhùu i`oyd
II fldgi - 109
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
n,m;%,dNS fiajd iemhqïlrejkaf.a úoHq;a uqo,a
moaO;sj, lghq;= m¯CId ls¯ug t;eka m¯laIK
lghq;= is≥ ls¯u;a tu moaO;sj, úYajikSh;ajh iy
iqug l%shdld˙;ajh ;yjqre ls¯u i|yd w∞< fiajd
iemhqïlrejkag ksr®foaY kshu ls¯u;a is≥lrk ,°'
^we& ffoksl iqΩ m˙udK f.ùï lghq;= is≥ ls˙u
i|yd iqrlaIs; iy úYajdi∞hS f.ùï moaO;Ska
mj;ajdf.k hEu iy;sl ls¯u i|yd Kh ldâm;a
iy cx.u ≥rl:k wdY%s; f.ùï moaO;s i|yd jk
udr®f.damfoaYhkag iy wfkl=;a fr.=,disj,g
fiajd iemhqïlrejkaf.a wkql+,;dj m¯laId ls¯ug
≥ria: wfõlaIK lghq;= wLKavj is≥ lrk ,°'
^wE& y†is wjia:djl ° ;u jHdmdr fufyhqï lghq;=
wLKavj mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd jk iQ∞ku
;yjqre lr .ekSu i|yd ,xldfiÜ,a moaO;sfhys
iyNd.s;aj wdh;k iy ,xldla,shr® ^fm!oa.,sl&
iud.fuys jHdmdr wLKav;d ie,iqï we.hSug ,la
lrk ,°'
19'7 cd;sl f.ùï ljqkais,h
2005 wxl 28 ork f.ùfï yd fíreï ls¯fï moaO;s
mkf;a úêúOdk hgf;a f.ùï moaO;s ms<sn| WmfoaYk
iy ks¯laIK lñgqj f,i 2006 ° msysgqjk ,o cd;sl
f.ùï ljqkais,fha m%;sm;a;s l%shdfjys fhdojkakd f,i
f.ùï yd mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j lghq;= lrk ,°'
cd;sl f.ùï iNdj Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fjys Bg w∞<
fomdr®;fïka;=" n,m;%,dNS nexl=" uQ,H lafIa;%fha
wdh;k yd ix.ï iy cx.u ≥rl:k mokï lr.;a fiajd
imhkakkaf.ka iukaú; fõ'
jir ;=< ° cd;sl f.ùï ljqkais,fha /iaùï 3 la
meje;ajQ w;r kj ;dlaIKh fhd∞ .ekSu" kj f.ùï
l%ufõo iy ia:dhS;dj iy .kqfokqlrejka wdrlaId
ls¯u flfrys fhduq jQ kshdukh we;=<;a jk m˙† f.ùï
moaO;sj, ue†ld,Sk ixjr®Okh i|yd m%;sm;a;s fmr
±lau iE°ug wjYH iduQysl WmfoaYk l%shdj,sh cd;sl
f.ùï ljqkais,h úiska wLKavj is≥ lrf.k hk ,°'
19'8 uyck;dj ±kqïj;a lsÍu
f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska rfgys
l%shd;aul f.ùï iy mshùï moaO;s ms<sn| f;dr;=re
iy ixLHdf,aLk m%pdrh ls¯u i|yd ksl=;a lrkq ,nk
ldr®;=uh újr◊ldj (Payments Bulletin) Y%S ,xld uy
nexl= fjí wvúfhys wLKavj m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,°'
;jo" wjYH;dj u; mokïj" f.ùï moaO;s iy fjk;a
iïnkaê; lreKq ms<sn|j idudkH ck;dj iy nexl=
ldr®huKav, ±kqj;a ls¯fï wruq◊ka jevigyka 11 la
f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska mj;ajk ,°'
II fldgi - 110
II fldgi
úoHq;a f.ùï ms<sn|j fmd≥ uyck;dj Wkka≥ ls¯u
i|yd t†fk∞ .kqfokq lr .ekSu i|yd ;sfnk iqΩ
m˙udK f.ùï moaO;s ms<sn| fmd≥ uyck;dj ±kqïj;a
ls¯ug f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska f.ùï
WmlrK ms<sn| mqj;am;a ±kaùï m< lrk ,°'
20' m%;sm;a;s iudf,dapk iy ksÍlaIK
m%;sm;a;s iudf,dapk yd ks¯laIK fomdr®;fïka;=jg
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ Wmdhudr®.sl ie,iqu ms<sfh<
ls¯fï lghq;= iïnkaëlrKh iy tys l%shd;aul ls¯fï
m%.;sh ks¯laIKh lr l<ukdld˙;ajh fj; ld,Skj
jdr®;d ls¯fï j.lSu mej¯ we;' fomdr®;fïka;=fõ 2016
;=< ° bgq l< l%shdldrlï my; idrdxY.; lr we;'
20'1 Wmdhud¾.sl ie,iqu ms<sfh< lsÍu" m%.;sh
ksÍlaIKh lsÍu yd l<ukdldß;ajhg jd¾;d lsÍu'
§udkj m%d.aOk jr®Okh iy YlH;d ixjr®Okh¶ hk
f;audj hgf;a ms<sfh< lrk ,o 2016-2018 i|yd jk
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ Wmdhudr®.sl ie,iqu 2016 ckjd˙ ui
01 jk †k meje;ajQ wÆ;a wjqre≥ jev weröfï W;aijfha
° b†˙m;a lrk ,°' bkamiqj tla tla fomdr®;fïka;=j,
wruqKq iy m%;sm;a;s ms<sn|jo" tu wruqKq lrd <`.d ùug
wkq.ukh l< hq;= Wml%uhka iy m%.;s iudf,dapkhg
fhd∞ .kakd uQ,sl ldr®hidOk or®Yl ms<sn|jo uy
nexl= ldr®h uKav,h ±kqj;a ls¯u i|yd 2016-2018
Wmdhudr®.sl ie,iqï m%ldYkfha msgm;a fn∞ fok ,°'
m%;sm;a;s iudf,dapk iy ks¯laIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska Wmdhudr®.sl ie,iqu l%shd;aul ls¯fï m%.;sh
ks¯laIKh ls¯u i|yd ishÆ fomdr®;fïka;= iu`. m%.;s
iudf,dapk /iaùï ld,Sk jYfhka mj;ajk ,o w;r
l<ukdld˙;ajh fj; tu m%.;sh jdr®;d lrk ,°'
2016 jr®Ifha fojk wr®Oh ;=< ° 2017-2021 ld,m˙Éf√oh
i|yd jQ Wmdhudr®.sl ie,eiau ms<sfh< ls¯fï lghq;=
wdrïN fl˙◊' kj Wmdhudr®.sl ie,eiau idlÉPdjg
,la flfrk l<ukdld˙;aj ixioh jk Wmdhudr®.sl
l;sldj; 2016 jifr® fkdjeïnr® ui wêm;s" uqo,a
uKav,fha idud‚lhska" uqo,a uKav, WmfoaYl ú.Kk
lñgqfõ idud‚lhska" wdh;ksl l<ukdlrK lKavdhu"
fomdr®;fïka;= m%OdkSka iy wfkl=;a w∞< ks,Od¯kaf.a
iyNd.s;ajfhka mj;ajk ,°' jr®;udkfhys rfgys
mj;sk rdcH uQ,H iy Kh .;sl;ajhka u`.ye¯u ms◊i
m%;sm;a;suh mshjr .ekSfï wjYH;dj biau;= ls¯u i|yd
2017-2021 Wmdh udr®.sl ie,eiau §úIu pl%h ì| ±óu¶
hk f;audj hgf;a ms<sfh< lrk ,°'
úIu pl%h ì| ±óu ms◊i Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska is≥
lrkq ,nk kj jevigyka" jHdmD;s iy l%shdldrlï
Wmdhudr®.sl ie,eiau ;=< we;=<;a lr we;s w;r 2017-
2021 ie,iqu o ldr®h uKav,hg ,nd ° we;'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=

20'2 cd;sl m%;sm;a;s iy wd¾Ól lghq;= wud;HdxYhg WmlrKh 2015 2016

jd¾;d bÈßm;a lsÍu' ksl=;a ls¯ï fjkafoais ksl=;a fjkafoais
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ l%shdldrlï ms<sn|j w∞< re'ì,shk .Kk ls¯ï .Kk
re'ì,shk
fomdr®;fïka;=j,ska ,nd .kakd Wmdhudr®.sl ie,iqï
cd;Hka;r 2"150'0 2 1"500'0 1
iy m%.;s jdr®;d cd;sl m%;sm;a;s iy wdr®:ßl lghq;=
iaffj¯;aj
wud;HdxYfha b,a,Sï wkqj m%;sm;a;s iudf,dapk yd ne∫ïlr (ISB)
ks¯laIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska b†˙m;a lrk ,°'
^we& NdKavd.dr ì,am;a yd NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlrj,ska
21' rdcH Kh iuia; Y=oaO úfoaY .,d hEï we't'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
324'3 la jQ w;r th jir ;=< NdKavd.dr ì,am;aj,ska
rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 113 úfoaYSh .,d taï we't'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 45'3 lska
j.ka;shg wkqj rcfha ksfhda‚; jYfhka Y%S ,xld uy yd NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlrj,ska úfoaYSh .,dhEï
nexl=j fj; mej¯ we;s rdcH Kh l<ukdlrKh ls¯fï we't'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 369'6 lska iukaú; úh'
jHjia:dms; j.lSï bgq lrhs' tu j.lSï bgqls¯u i|yd
^wE& Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ±ä uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ia:djrh yd
rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j 1950 wf.daia;= ui 28 jk
weu˙ld tlai;a ckmo m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;slfha
†k Á ,xld uy nexl=fõ wdrïNh;a iu`. msysgqjk ,°'
jeäùu 2016 jir ;=< foaYSh yd úfoaYSh
rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=fõ m%Odk ldr®hhka jkqfha"
fjf<|fmd<j, fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< hEug
úir®ck mkf;ys i|yka o< Kh .ekSï wjYH;djh
∞hl úh' fuu m˙irh ;=<" 2015 jifr® †.=ld,Sk
imqrd .ekSu i|yd wruqo,a /ia ls¯u" kshñ; ld,h
ksl=;=j,g idfmalaIj 2016 jifr® ° jeä jYfhka
;=< rcfha Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï is≥ ls¯u" rdcH
flfrkakg fh≥Kq flá yd uOHld,Sk rdcH iq/
iq/l=ïm;a .kqfokq mshùfï myiqlï iqugj is≥ ls¯u
l=ïm;a ksl=;a ls¯ï fya;=fldg tf;la fkdmshjQ
i|yd ,xldfilsHq (LankaSecure) moaO;sh u.ska myiqlï
foaYSh Kh m%udKfha m˙K;shg we;s idudkH
ie,iSu iy uOHu ;ekam;= moaO;sfha (CDS) rdcH
iq/l=ïm;a f,aLkh mj;ajdf.k hEu fõ' óg wu;rj" ld,h 2015 jir w. ° ;snQ jir 6'28" 2016 jir
rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j Kh fj<|fmd< †hqKq w. ° jir 5'98 olajd my< jeá◊' fï w;r" 2016
ls¯fuys,d lghq;= lrhs' ° fjf<|fmdf<a ishÆ u rdcH iq/l=ïm;a ksl=;="
fjkafoais moku u; is≥ úh'
21'1 úi¾ck mk;g wkqj rcfha o< Kh .ekSï i|yd 21'2 rcfha Kh fiajdlrK
wruqo,a /ia lsÍu'
jir ;=< ° is≥ lrk ,o iuia; rdcH Kh f.ùï remsh,a
^w& 2016 jifr® °" rcfha o< wruqo,a wjYH;djh uQ,Hkh
ì,shk 1"334'73 la jQ w;r" th foaYSh Kh fiajdlrK
ls¯u i|yd m%Odk jYfhka NdKavd.dr ì,am;a"
f.ùï remsh,a ì,shk 1"042'72 lska iy úfoaY Kh
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr" Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr yd
fiajdlrK f.ùï remsh,a ì,shk 292'01 lska iukaú;
cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr ksl=;= u.ska foaYSh
úh'
yd úfoaYSh uQ,dY%hkaf.ka wruqo,a /ia ls¯u is≥ úh'
^wd& by; i|yka l< Kh WmlrK u.ska is≥ lrkq ,enQ 21'3 rdcH iq/l=ïm;a mshùfï myiqlï ie,iSu
uQ,Hk lghq;= ms<sn| idrdxYhla my; ±lafõ'
rdcH iq/l=ïm;aj, m%d:ñl yd oaú;ShSl fj<|fmd<
II-22 ixLHd igyk .kqfokq mshùfï myiqlï ie,iSu i|yd ,xldfilsHq
2015 iy 2016 j¾Ifha l,amsÍï yd fjkafoais ld¾hidOkh (LankaSecure) moaO;sh Ndú;d lrk ,°' fuu
moaO;sh Tjqka fjkqfjka iy Tjqkaf.a .kqfokqlrejka
WmlrKh 2015 2016
jk wfkl=;a wdfhdaclhka fjkqfjka .sKqï
ksl=;a ls¯ï fjkafoais ksl=;a fjkafoais
re'ì,shk .Kk ls¯ï .Kk
mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk iDcq wf,ú iyNd.slrejka 33
re'ì,shk fofkl=f.ka ^n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= 25 la iy m%d:ñl
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a 1"589'5 52 1"635'4 52 wf,ú iud.ï 8 la& iy Tjqka fjkqfjka muKla .sKqï
mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk Rcq iyNd.slrejka 3 fofkl=f.ka
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr 869'9 36 663'6 23
^fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,o we;=Ωj& iukaú; fõ'
ksl=;a ls¯ï fjkafoais ksl=;a fjkafoais
rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j ,xldfilHq moaO;sfhys
we't'c' .Kk ls¯ï .Kk
fvd,r® we't'c' wLKavj yd ;;ald,Skj fufyhqï is≥jk nj iy;sl
ñ,shk fvd,r® lrñka mshùfï lghq;=j,g w∞< myiqlï iemhSu i|yd
ñ,shk m%Odk ldr®hNdrhla bgq lrkq ,nhs' 2016 foieïnr® ui
Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok 2"491'4 5 1"365'9 6 wjidk jk úg iuia; ksr®f,aÅ; iq/l=ïm;aj, uqyqK;
ne∫ïlr (SLDB) jákdlu remsh,a ì,shk 4"846'0 la jQ w;r th

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 II fldgi - 111

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
remsh,a ì,shk 792'4 la jQ NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy remsh,a
ì,shk 4"053'6 la jQ NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlrj,ska iukaú;
úh'
21'4 rdcH iq/l=ïm;a f,aLkh mj;ajdf.k hEu
rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska uOHu ;ekam;=
moaO;sfha (CDS) rdcH iq/l=ïm;a ysñld˙;ajfha is≥jk
fjkialï hdj;ald,Skj mj;ajdf.k hEu" oaú;ShSl
fj<|fmd< iqug f,i mj;ajdf.k hEug Wmld¯ úh'
2013 wf.daia;= 01 jk †k ksl=;a lrk ,o ,xldfiÜ,a
(LankaSettle) moaO;s kS;s ^2'1 wkqjdoh& ixfYdaOkhkag
wkql+, jk m˙† rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
ksr®f,aÅ; iq/l=ïm;a mshùfï moaO;sh (SSSS) i|yd
kj .sKqï jr®.hka y∫kajd fok ,°' fï w;r uOHu
;ekam;= moaO;sfha (CDS) .sKqï ysñhkag ld,Sk ysñlï"
.kqfokq iy f.ùï m%ldYhka heùfï ldr®hh jir mqrd
wLKavj is≥ úh' rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska 2016
jir ;=< úoHq;a ;emE, u.ska úoHq;a m%ldYkhka 1"506 la
iy idudkH ;emE, u.ska wr®O jdr®Isl ysñlï m%ldYk
23"161 la" udisl .kqfokq m%ldYk 63"177 la iy f.ùï
m%ldYk 40"065 la uOHu ;ekam;= moaO;sfha (CDS) .sKqï
ysñhka fj; hjk ,°' ;jo" uOHu ;ekam;= moaO;sfha
(CDS) .sKqï ysñhkag ;u hdj;ald,Sk .sKqï f;dr;=re
wka;r®cd, .sKqula yryd m¯laId ls¯fï myiqlu ,nd
fok ,°' 2016 foieïnr® ui w. jk úg uOHu ;ekam;=
moaO;sfha (CDS) uqΩ ,shdm†xÑ .sKqï ysñhka ixLHdj
92"065 la úh'
21'5 moaO;s m%;sixialrK
rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska m%Yia; jQ fiajdjla
,nd°u i|yd my; i|yka moaO;s m%;sixialrKhka 2016
jir ;=< ° is≥ lrkakg fh≥◊'
^w& rdcH iq/l=ïm;a wdfhdaclhkaf.a iqrlaIs;Ndjh iy
m%d:ñl wf,úlre moaO;sfha ia:djr;ajh iy;sl
ls¯u i|yd foaYSh NdKavd.dr ì,am;a wd« mk;
iy ,shdm†xÑ ialkaO iy iq/l=ïm;a wd« mk;
hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o fr.=,dis wkqj m%d:ñl
wf,úlrejka fufyhùu iy iqm¯laIKh" nexl=
fkdjk uq,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
fj; mjrk ,°'
^wd& fjf<|fmd< f;dr;=rej, talShNdjh iu`.
fjf<|fmd< úksúoNdjh jeä†hqKq ls¯fï
wfmalaIdfjka rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j ishÆu
m%d:ñl wf,úlrejkaf.a iyNd.S;ajfhka 2016
cQ,s ui isg b†˙ fjkafoais i|yd mQr®j ,xiq /iaùï
fufyhùu wdrïN lrk ,°' ta wkqj úksúoNdjh
;j≥rg;a jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd jifr® wjidk
Nd.fha isg NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy NdKavd.dr
ne∫ïlr tla tla fjkafoais ;=<ska ms<s.;a iuia;
,xiq jákdlu fjkafoais i|yd b†˙m;a l< iuia;
jákdlug iSud lrk ,°'
II fldgi - 112
II fldgi
^we& ta yd iu.dój úksúoNdjh by< kexùu i|yd"
2016 jifr® wf.daia;= ui isg uyd NdKavd.drfha
ks,Od¯ka fofofkl= NdKavd.dr ì,am;a"
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr yd Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr
fgkavr® lñgq idud‚lhka f,i m;alr we;'
^wE& rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska fjkafoais †kh
iy m˙K; ld,h yd ;j;a f;dr;=re we;=<;a fldg
fjkafoais †k or®Ykh b†˙m;a fldg we;' fuh
uqo,a wud;HdxYfha tl`.;dj iys;j m%ldYkhg m;a
flfrk w;r" tu.ska m%d:ñl fjkafoais l%shdj,sh
mqfrdal:kh myiq ls¯u iy b†˙ fjkafoais ms<sn|
f;dr;=re l,afõ,d we;=j ,nd°u ;yjqre lr we;'
^b& ;jo rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=jg" rdcH Kh
l<ukdlrK l%fudamdhka jr®Okh i|yd tlai;a
ckmo NdKavd.dr WmfoaYl ;dlaI◊l iydh o
,eî we;'
21'6 Kh fjf<|fmd< m%j¾Okhka
rdcH Kh l<ukdlrKfha wruqKq jkafka w∞< wj∞kï
;;a;ajhka úplaIKYS,S uÜgul mj;ajd .ksñka ,nd.;
yels wju ms˙jehla hgf;a rdcH uQ,H wjYH;djka
imqrd .ekSuhs' ta i|yd rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska úksúoNdjh ;j≥rg;a jr®Okh ls¯u u.ska" rcfha
iq/l=ïm;a fjf<|fmd< ;=< we;s ;r.ld¯;ajh jeä
ls¯u yd tu.ska fjf<|fmd< ldr®hlaIu;dj jeä†hqKq
ls¯u ms◊i" Kh fjf<|fmdf<a my; i|yka uE; ld,Sk
ixjr®Okhka is≥lrk ,°'
^w& rcfha iq/l=ïm;a fjf<πu i|yd í¨ïnr®.a
(Bloomberg) .kqfokq moaO;shla y∫kajd°u
;=<ska jvd fyd| ñ,la wkdjrKh lr.ekSu"
by< úksúoNdjh iy oaú;ShSl fjf<|fmd< ;=<
fjf<|fmd< m˙udj ie,lsh hq;= uÜgulska
by< hEu ;=<ska ms<sìUq jk m˙† úYajdikSh;ajh
jeä ùu wd†h ±lsh yel ^fjf<|fmd< m˙udj -
remsh,a ì,shk 690'77" .kqfokq ixLHdj - 4"681&'
;jo" í¨ïnr®.a bf,lafg%dksla fjf<| moaO;sh
m%;sñ,° .ekSï .kqfokq i|yd mqΩ,a ls¯ug;a ñ,°
.ekSfï yd úls”fï wfmalaIs; ñ, .Kka ^Two-
way Quotes) tu moaO;sh yryd m%ldYhg m;a ls¯u
wksjdr®h ls¯ug;a wfmalaId flfr®'
^wd& úfoaY wdfhdaclhkaf.a iq/l=ïm;a mshùï yd
ksIaldYk l%shdj,sh jvd;a jeä†hqKq ls¯fï
wáfhka" rdcH iq/l=ïm;a i|yd hQfrdaksIaldYk
yelshdj (Euroclearability) ,nd .ekSu ms◊i rdcH
Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska lghq;= lrñka isà'
tu.ska úfoaYSh wdfhdack moku úúOdx.SlrKh
jk w;ru iy úfoaY wdfhdaclhka yg rcfha
iq/l=ïm;a fjf<|fmd<g m%fõY ùfï myiqj
jeä†hqKq jkq we;'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
^we& ;jo" wjYH kS;suh rduqj we;s ls¯u iu.ska
rcfha iq/l=ïm;a i|yd úoHq;a fjf<| myiqlï
iy uOHu m%;smdr®Yaj ksIaldYkd.drhla ^CCP&
msysgqùfï l%shdj,sh" rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska tlai;a ckmo NdKavd.dr fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
;dlaI◊l iydh iu.ska is≥ lrñka isà'
^wE& ;j≥rg;a Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ f;dr;=re
;dlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j" NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr i|yd wka;r®cd,h mokï
lr.;a fjkafoais moaO;sh hdj;ald,Sk lr we;'
iajdëk ú.Kkh wjika jQ miqj fuu jeä†hqKq l<
moaO;sh l%shd;aul lrkq we;' fjkafoais l%shdj,sfha
úksúoNdjh ;j≥rg;a jr®Okh lr.ekSu i|yd
rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ilia lr we;s
fjkafoais kS;s" 2017 jifr® ° m%ldYhg m;a lrkq we;'
;jo" rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j tlai;a ckmo
NdKavd.drfha Wmldr iys;j ñ, fidhd .ekSfï
hdka;%Kh iy úksúoNdjh jeä†hqKq ls¯u wruqKq
fldg f.k mj;sk fjkafoais l%ufõoh ;j≥rg;a
iudf,dapkh lrñka isà'
21'7 cd;Hka;r iaffjÍ;aj fY%a◊‚.; lsÍfï lghq;=
iïnkaëlrKh
rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=j Y%S ,xldj i|yd cd;Hka;r
iaffj¯;aj fY%a◊.; ls¯ï ,nd.ekSu ;yjqre ls¯fï
wruq◊ka wka;r®cd;sl fY%a◊.; ls¯fï wdh;k ^µsÉ
fr®áka.aia ,sñgâ" uQãia bkafjiagr® ir®úiia" iagEkavr®â
wekaâ mqjr®ia& iu`. Tjqkaf.a 2016 jdr®Isl fY%a◊.;
ls¯fï iudf,dapk i|yd myiqlï imhk ,o w;r
Tjqkaf.a fY%a◊.; ls¯fï fiajdjka o we.hSï lrk ,°'
22' m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok
;=,s; yd iyNd.s;aj wdr®:ßl jr®Okhla <Ûd lr .ekSug
iydhùu iy rg ;=< uQ,H wka;r®.;Ndjh by< kexùu
wruqKq lr .ksñka m%;suQ,H Kh fhdackd l%u" fmd,S
iykdOdr iy Kh wem wdjrK fhdackd l%u ls%hd;aul
ls¯u" iïnkaëlrKh ls¯u yd myiqlï ie,iSu fukau
Kh m˙mQrl fiajd iemhSu Y%S ,xld rch fjkqfjka
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2016 jifr® °
wLKavj is≥ lrk ,°' fuu Kh fhdackd l%u Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j" Y%S ,xld rch" odhl wruqo,a imhk wdh;k
iy iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k u.ska uQ,Hhkh lrkq ,nhs'
tA wkqj Kh fhdackd l%uhkays m%;s,dNSkaf.a uQ,H
wjYH;djhka imqrd .ekSug yels wdldrhg iy oe˙h
yels ms˙jehlg lDIsldr®ñl" i;a;aj md,k" laIqø" l=vd
yd uOH m˙udK jHjidh hk wxYhkays uQ,H wjYH;d
we;s mqoa.,hka iy jHdmdr i|yd iykodhS Kh yd Kh
wem wdjrK fhdackd l%u u.ska uQ,H myiqlï ,nd °u
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska is≥ lrk ,°'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
;jo" úêu;a uQ,H wxYfhka neyerj isák mqoa.,hka
b,lal lr .ksñka oekqïj;a ls¯fï yd ksmqK;d
ixjr®Okh ls¯fï jevigyka ud,djla jir mqrd meje;aùu
iy úoHq;a yd uqøs; udOH fhdod.ksñka fomdr®;fïka;=j
u.ska ls%hd;aul lrk úúO Kh fhdackd l%u ms<sn|j
uyckhd oekqïj;a ls¯u o is≥ lrk ,°'
m%;sm;a;suh jYfhka laIqø" iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK jHjidh
wxYh ;j≥rg;a ixjr®Okh ls¯u b,lal lr.ksñka"
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j u.ska ls%hd;aul lrk m%;suQ,H Kh
fhdackd l%u m%p,s; ls¯u i|yd 2016 jir ;=<° úúO
m%;sm;a;suh fhdackd ls%hd;aul lrk ,°' fuu ls%hdudr®.
j,ska lsysmhla f,i" uyd m˙udK ls˙ ksIamdok ixjr®Ok
Kh fhdackd l%ufhys Kh wdmiq f.ùfï ld,h by<
kexùu iy cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyfkys
wju Kh iSudj fjkia ls¯u wd†h oelaúh yelshs'
22'1 Kh$Kh wem wdjrK fhdackd l%u ls%hd;aul
lsÍu
2016 jifr® ° m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j Kh
yd Kh wem wdjrK fhdackd l%u 13 la ls%hd;aul
ls¯u u.ska wLKavj uQ,H fiajdjkaf.a mrdih jvd;a
mqΩ,a ls¯u i|yd lghq;= lrk ,°' ^ixLHd igyk
II-23& fuu fhdackd l%u w;r" Y%S ,xld rch úiska
uQ,Hhkh lrkq ,nk iajhx /lshd m%jr®Ol uQ,drïN
Kh fhdackd l%uh w†hr - II iy lDIsldr®ñl ixjr®Okh
i|yd jQ cd;Hka;r wruqo, u.ska uQ,Hhkh lrkq ,nk
cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyk hgf;a ls%hd;aul
jk fhdackd l%u folla o we;=<;a fõ'
iuia;hla f,i .;a úg" 2016 jir ;=<° m%dfoaYSh
ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k
u.ska Kh m%;s,dNSka 136"503 la i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk
20"809'1 l Kh uqo,a m%udKhla uqodyer we;' fuu Kh
uqo,a m%udKfhka ishhg 63'3 la fmd,S iykdOdr Kh
fhdackd l%u hgf;a ,nd ° we;s w;r" ishhg 36'7 la
m%;suQ,H Kh fhdackd l%u hgf;a ,nd ° ;sfí' 2016 jir
;=<° uqod yer we;s uqΩ Kh uqo,a m%udKfhka ishhg
46'4 la lDIsldr®ñl yd i;a;aj md,k wxYh i|yd
,nd ° we;s w;r" ms<sfj<ska ishhg 40'6 la iy ishhg
13'0 la laIqø" iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK jHjidh wxYh iy
laIqø uQ,H wxYh i|yd ,nd ° we;'
2016 jir ;=<° m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
ls%hd;aul lrk ,o Kh fhdackd l%u ms<sn| f;dr;=re
my; oelafõ'
22'2 lDIsld¾ñl yd i;a;aj md,k wxYh
wdr®:ßl jr®Okh i|yd lDIsldr®ñl yd i;a;aj md,k
wxYfhys odhl;ajh y`≥kd .ksñka 2016 jir ;=<°
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j iykodhS Kh yd
Kh wem wdjrK fhdackd l%u ;=kla u.ska fuu wxYhg
Kh ,nd °u wLKavj is≥ lrk ,°' fuu wxYh i|yd
II fldgi - 113
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

II-23 ixLHd igyk

2016 jir ;=< § m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska
l%shd;aul lrkq ,enQ Kh fhdackd l%u
Khlrejka
fhoùug 2016 jif¾ uqodyeÍug
Kh fhdackd l%ufha ku wruqo,a imhk Kh fhdackd l%ufhys wruqK uqÞy< f.úh hq;=
wfmalaIs; we;s b;sß
,o wdh;k wruqo,a jd¾Isl fmd,S
uq¿ wruqo,a wruqo,a m%udKh
m%udKh m%udKh ^re'ñ,shk& wkqmd;slh
^re'ñ,shk& ^re'ñ,shk& ^jir wjidkfha§&

11' lDIsldr®ñl yd i;a;aj md,k wxYh

1'1 f;a ixjr®Ok pl%Sh wruqo,a Y%S ,xld rch l=vd f;a j;= ysñhkaf.a wd∞hu 1"100 17'82 135'13 9]
Kh jHdmD;sh (TDP - RF) ;sridr f,i by< ±óu iy
wmkhk fj<|fmd< i|yd wjYH
há;, myiqlï ixjr®Okh ls¯u
u.ska HACCP* iy;slh ,nd
.ekSu i|yd f;a lr®udka;Yd,d
kùlrKh ls¯ug wjYH uQ,H
myiqlï iemhSu
1'2 kj ims˙ .%dóh Kh iyNd.S;aj uQ,H ù iy flá ld,Sk fNda. wruqo,a 8"009'21 7]
fhdackd l%uh (NCRCS) wdh;k i;= j.djkays kshq;= laIqø yd iqΩ i|yd jk w∞< fkdfõ
wruqo,a iy m˙udK f.dùkaf.a iudc wdr®:ßl b,aÆu u;
Y%S ,xld rcfha ;;a;ajhka by< kexùu
fmd,S iykdOdr
1'3 uyd m˙udK ls˙ ksIamdok iyNd.s;aj jd◊c uÜgfï ls˙ f.dúm<j,a wruqo,a 1"633'49 w∞< fkdfõ 6]
ixjr®Ok Kh fhdackd uQ,H wdh;k msysgqùu ;=<ska ls˙ iy ls˙ i|yd jk
l%uh (CSDDLS) i;= wruqo,a ksIamdokj,ska iajhxfmdaIs;Ndjh b,aÆu u;
iy Y%S ,xld <`.dlr .ekSug iydh ùu
uy nexl=fõ
fmd,S iykdOdr
myiqlï
2' laIqø" iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK jHjidhsl wxYh

2'1 iajhx Y%S ,xld rch ms<s.;a jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wdh;kj,ska 75 74'90 - 7]
/lshd m%jr®Ok uQ,drïNl mqyqKqj ,enQ ;reK ms˙ia i|yd
Kh fhdackd l%uh (SEPI) uQ,H iydh iemhSu

2'2 fi!Nd.Hd Kh Y%S ,xld uy laIqø" iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK jHdmD;s 4"767'12 4"767'12 - 8]
fhdackd l%uh nexl=j fyda fjk;a jHikhl n,mEulg
,la jQ tjeks jHdmD;s weröug fyda
mj;sk jHdmdr jeä†hqKq ls¯u
2'3 l=vd j;= jHjidh ixjr®Ok lDIsldr®ñl ueorg m%foaYfha f;a iy nyq 63'18 63'18 wjika lr we; 7]
jevigyk (SPEnDP) ixjr®Okh jdr®Isl fNda. j.d lrk l=vd
i|yd jQ j;= ysñhkaf.a iy fudKrd.,
cd;Hka;r †ia;%slalfha wka;r® l,dmSh
wruqo, m%foaYhkays Wiaaìïj, wdydr fNda.
(IFAD) j.d lrk rnr® j.dj i|yd fhduq
ùug leu;s f.dùkaf.a „jk
;;a;ajh by< kexùu
2'4 úh<s l,dmSh „jfkdamdhhka lDIsldr®ñl W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;aj, 252'9 21'5 0'4 10]
i|yd iydh ùfï yd ixjr®Okh .egqïj,ska ydkshg m;a ksjdi
yjq,aùfï jevigyk-pl%Sh i|yd jQ wÆ;ajeähd ls¯u i|yd Kh
wruqo, cd;Hka;r myiqlï iemhSu
wruqo,
(IFAD)
2'5 f;a lr®udka;Yd,d i|yd iyNd.s;aj uQ,H ,shdm†xÑ lrk ,o f;a lr®udka; fmd,S 3"539'83 w∞< fkdfõ ^N˙; idudkH
ldrl m%d.aOk Kh fhdackd wdh;k i;= i|yd wjYH ldrl m%d.aOkh imhd iykdOdr m%uqL Kh
l%uh (WCLSTF) wruqo,a iy .ekSug iydhùu i|yd wkqmd;h ›1'0]
Y%S ,xld rcfha wkqu; - 2'0]&
fmd,S iykdOdr wruqo,a
i|yd jk
b,aÆu u;

II fldgi - 114 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi
3' laIqø uQ,H yd fjk;a wxY
3'1 cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyk (NADeP)
3'1'1 laIqø uQ,H Kh fhdackd lDIsldr®ñl
l%uh ixjr®Okh
i|yd jQ
cd;Hka;r
wruqo,
(IFAD)
3'1'2 ;reK †˙h Kh fhdackd lDIsldr®ñl
l%uh ixjr®Okh
i|yd jQ
cd;Hka;r
wruqo,
(IFAD)
3'2 iqΩ f.dùka yd bvï Y%S ,xld rch
fkdue;s wh i|yd jk Kh
jHdmD;sh - pl%Sh wruqo,
(SFLCP-RF)
3'3 †<s∫lu msgq ±lSu i|yd jk Y%S ,xld rch
laIqø uQ,H Kh jHdmD;sh -
pl%Sh wruqo, (PAMP-RF)
3'4 †<s∫lu msgq ±lSu i|yd jk Y%S ,xld rch
laIqø uQ,H Kh jHdmD;sh
woshr ˚˚ - pl%Sh wruqo,
(PAMP ˚˚ - RF)
* HACCP - WmøjH úYaf,aIK w;s wjodkï md,k ia:dk
,nd ≥ka remsh,a ñ,shk 9"660'5 l Kh uqo,a m%udKh
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j jir ;=<° ishÆu
wxY i|yd ,nd ≥ka uqΩ Kh m%udKfhka ishhg 46'4 la
f,i igyka fõ'
fláld,Sk fNda. 33 la i|yd iqΩ m˙udK f.dùkag
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k ,ndfok Kh i|yd fmd,S
iykdOdr iy Kh wem wdjrK ,ndfok kj ims˙ .%dóh
Kh fhdackd l%uh —ireidr˜" fuu wxYhg Kh ,nd
fok m%Odku fhdackd l%uh f,i l%shd;aul úh'
kj ims˙ .%dóh Kh fhdackd l%uh u.ska remsh,a ñ,shk
8"009'2 l Kh wruqo,a ,nd ° we;s w;r" th lDIsldr®ñl
yd i;a;aj md,k wxYh i|yd uqodyer we;s uqΩ Kh
m%udKfhka ishhg 82'9 la fõ' m%Odk j.d m%foaYj,
meje;s whym;a ld,.=Ksl ;;a;ajh uOHfha jqjo" fuu
Kh fhdackd l%uh yryd ,nd ° we;s Kh m%udKh 2015
jirg idfmalaIj remsh,a ñ,shk 871'2 lska tkï ishhg
12'2 lska jr®Okh ù ;sfí'
;jo" m%;sm;a;shuh jYfhka Wla f.dùka úiska lrk ,o
b,a,Sï ie,ls,a,g .ksñka 2016 iema;eïnr® ui isg kj
ims˙ .%dóh Kh fhdackd l%uhg wh;a fNda.hla f,i
zWlaZ fNda.h we;=<;a lrk ,°'
 2016 jir ;=< ° wkqrdOmqr †ia;%slalh ;j
≥rg;a kj ims˙ .%dóh Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
jHmD;sh ls%hd;aul jk f;dard.;a 743 730'70 12'2 6'5]
m%foaYj, ≥mam;a ck fldgiaj,
wd∞hï uÜgu iy iudc ;;a;ajh
†hqKq ls¯u'
iqΩ m˙udK jHdmdr iy iajhx 225 19'70 205'30 6'5]
/lshd jHdm;s i|yd Kh myiqlï
,nd°u u.ska .%dóh †<s`≥ ;reK
m%cdjf.a „jk ;;a;ajh †hqKq
ls¯u iy Tjqka jHjidlhska njg
m;a ls¯u'
m%;s,dN ,nkakkaf.a iqNidOkh 346 67'34 wdmiq whlr 12]
iy wdr®:ßl ;;a;ajh jeä†hqKq .ekSï kej;
ls¯u ms◊i .%dóh †<s∫ ck;djf.a wruqo,g
wd∞hï bmehSfï lghq;= fjkqfjka fho fõ
úêu;a Kh iemhSu
1"031 316'74 wdmiq whlr 12]
.ekSï kej;
wruqo,g
wd∞hï W;amdok l%shdldrlï fhofõ'
m%jr®Okh iy ixúê; nexl=
wxYh yd iïnkaO ùu i|yd wvq 2"764 1"566'96 wdmiq whlr iyNd.s;aj
wd∞hï,dNS lKavdhï ixúOdkh .ekSï kej; uQ,H wdh;k
ls¯u u`.ska †<s∫nj msgq ±lSu wruqo,g 10]
fhofõ'
uqod y˙k ,o Kh m%udKfha by<u fldgila
jdr®;d l< w;r ^uqΩ Kh m%udKfhka ishhg 17la&
ms<sfj<ska" fmdf<dkakrej †ia;%slalh ^ishhg 12'9&
iy wïmdr †ia;s%lalh ^ishhg 10'3& la jYfhka
—ireidr˜ Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a Kh ,nd f.k
we;' m<d;a jYfhka .;a l<" W;=re ueo m<d;
^ishhg 29'9& by<u Kh m%udKhla ,nd f.k we;'
 fmd,S iykdOdr Kh fhdackd l%uhla f,i
l%shd;aul jk uyd m˙udK ls˙ ksIamdok ixjr®Ok
Kh fhdackd l%uh u.ska uqody˙k ,o Kh m%udKh"
2016 jir ;=<° ishhg 2'2 la f,i jr®Okh ù ;sfí'
fuu fhdackd l%uh u.ska Kh m%;s,dNSka 2"667
fokl= w;r remsh,a ñ,shk 1"633'5 l Kh uqo,a
m%udKhla uqod yer we;s w;r" th uqody˙k ,o uqΩ
Kh m%udKfha m%;sY;hla f,i .;a úg 2015 jifr®
igyka jQ ishhg 14'7 g idfmalaIj ishhg 16'7 la
f,i oelaúh yelsh'
 2016 ckjd˙ ui ;=<°" ls˙ f.dùkaf.a$
jHjidhlhkaf.a wdodhï bmehSfï rgdj ie,ls,a,g
.ksñka" jHdmD;sfha wjYH;dj mokïj uyd m˙udK
ls˙ ksIamdok ixjr®Ok Kh fhdackd l%ufha iyk
ld,h udi 6 isg udi 12 la olajd by< kxjk ,°'
óg wu;rj" iqΩ m˙udK ls˙ f.dùka jdKsc uÜgug
<Ûd ùug .;jk by< ld,iSudj" ls˙ wiajekak
,nd.eksug .; jk ld,iSudj iy ls˙ f.dùkaf.a
II fldgi - 115
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
b,a,Sï ie,ls,a,g .ksñka" 2017 fmnrjd˙ ui isg
uyd m˙udK ls˙ ksIamdok ixjr®Ok Kh fhdackd
l%ufha Kh wdmiq f.ùfï ld,h" iyk ld,h o
we;=<;aj jir 5 isg jir 6 la olajd by< kxjk
,°'
22'3 laIqø$iqΩ¿ yd uOH mßudK jHjidh wxYh
cd;sl ksIamdokh" /lshd W;amdokh iy kfjda;amdok
i|yd laIqø" iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK jHjidh wxYfhys
odhl;ajh y`≥kd .ksñka" fuu wxYfhys lghq;=
lrk jHjidhlhka iy jHdmd˙l úNj;djhla iys;
jHjidhlhka by< m%d.aOk ms˙jefhka mSvdjg m;aùu
je<elaùu i|yd 2016 jir ;=<° m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska iykodhS fmd,S wkqmd;sl hgf;a
Kh ,nd °u wLKavj is≥ lrk ,°' fï wkqj" 2016
jifr® ° lDIslr®u" ksIamdok yd fiajd iïnkaO lghq;=j,
fhfok jHdjidhlhka 13"810 lg remsh,a ñ,shk
8"447'2 l Kh uqo,a m%udKhla ,nd fok ,°'
laIqø" iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK jHjidh wxYh fj; Kh
uqo,a uqodye¯u fi!Nd.Hd Kh fhdackd l%uh" iajhx
/lshd m%jr®Ok uQ,drïNl Kh fhdackd l%uh w†hr
II" l=vd j;= jeú,s jHjidh ixjr®Ok jevigyk" f;a
lr®udka;Yd,d i|yd jk ldrl m%d.aOk Kh fhdackd
l%uh iy úh,s l,dmSh „jfkdamdhhka i|yd iydh ùfï
yd yjq,a ùfï pl%Sh Kh jevigyk hk Kh fhdackd
l%u hgf;a is≥lrk ,°'
 laIqø" iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK jHjidh wxYfha
m%uqL;u m%;suQ,H fhdackd l%uh f,i ie,flk
—fi!Nd.Hd˜ Kh fhdackd l%uh u.ska" fuu wxYh
fj; uqody˙k ,o uqΩ Kh m%udKfhka ishhg
56'4 la tkï" remsh,a ñ,shk 4"767'1 la jHjidhlhka
13"018 la w;fr® uq∞y˙k ,°'
 ,shdm†xÑ f;a lr®udka;Yd,d ysñhkaf.a ldrl
m%d.aOk wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug iyh oelaùu i|yd
2015 jifr®° y`≥kajd fok ,o" Y%S ,xld rch u.ska
uQ,Hkh lrk f;a lr®udka;Yd,d i|yd jk ldrl
m%d.aOk Kh fhdackd l%uh u.ska 2016 jir ;=<°
jHjidhlhka 115 lg remsh,a ñ,shk 3"539'8 l Kh
m%udKhla ,nd fok ,°' fuu Kh m%udKh laIqø"
iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK jHjidh wxYh fj; uqod y˙k
,o uqΩ Kh m%udKfhka ishhg 41'9 la fõ'
 2016 wfm%a,a ui ;=<°" mqyqKq ;reK mss˙ia fj;
Tjqkaf.a iajhx /lshd jHdmD;s wdrïN lr .ekSu
i|yd uQ,H iydh ,nd°fï wruqKska" iajhx
/lshd m%jr®Ok uQ,drïNl ls¯fï Kh fhdackd
l%uh w†hr - II wdrïN lrk ,°' fuu Kh fhdackd
l%uh hgf;a" ms<s.;a ;dlaIKsl mqyqKq wdh;khkays
jD;a;Sh mqyqKq iq≥iqlï ,nd we;s ;reK ms˙ia
i|yd iqΩ m˙udK jHdmdr wdrïN ls¯ug remsh,a
ñ,shk 74'9 l Kh uqo,la uqody˙k ,°' wfkl=;a
laIqø" iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK Kh fhdackd l%u jk
l=vd j;= jeú,s jHjidh ixjr®Ok jevigyk
II fldgi - 116
II fldgi
iy úh,s l,dmSh „jfkdamdhhka i|yd iydh
ùfï pl%Sh Kh jevigyk u.ska remsh,a ñ,shk
65'3 l Kh uqo,la Kh m%;s,dNSka 505 fokl= fj;
,nd fok ,°'
 m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j" cd;sl m%;sm;a;s
yd wdr®:ßl lghq;= wud;HdxYh iu. tlaj laIqø"
iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK jHjidh wxYfha ixjr®Okh
iy /lshd W;amdok wruqKq lr .ksñka —iajYla;s˜
/lshd oY ,laIhla lrd" hk kñka Kh fhdackd
l%uhla y`≥kajd fok ,°' Y%S ,xld rch u.ska uQ,Hkh
lrkq ,nk fuu Kh fhdackd l%uh yryd .%dñh
uÜgñka lDIsldr®ñl yd i;a;ajmd,k" lr®udka;
iy fiajd wxY hgf;a wdodhï W;amdokh ls¯ug
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk kj jHjidhlhkag fukau oekg
jHdmdrhla ysñ jHjidhlhkag o uQ,Huh iydh
imhkq ,efí' fuu Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a Kh
iemhSug wu;rj tA yd iïnkaO wfkl=;a fiajdjka
iemhSu o °m jHdma;j is≥lrkq ,nhs' .%dóh m%foaYj,
mj;sk iïm;a iy úNj;djhla iys; jHjidhlhka
;=< mj;akd olaI;d iy yelshdjka y`≥kd .ksñka
Tjqkag iajYla;sfhka laIqø jHjidhlhka f,i ke.S
isàug wjYH mqyqKqj" ;dlaIKsl iy wf,úlrK
iydh ,nd°u fuu fhdackd l%uh u.ska is≥ fõ'
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k u.ska ishhg 5'5 l fmd,S
wkqmd;slhla hgf;a ,nd fok Kh uqo,g wu;rj"
kj jHjidhlhkag ±¯ug is≥jk uQ,sl úhoï
mshjd .ekSu i|yd úfYaIs; m%odkhla ,nd °u fuu
Kh fhdackd l%ufha iqúfYaIS ,laIKh fõ'
22'4 laIqø uQ,H wxYh
wvq wdodhï,dNSkaf.a „jk ;;a;ajh by< kexùu wruqKq
lr .ksñka Tjqkaf.a wdodhï W;amdok udr®.hka wdrïN
ls¯u i|yd laIqø uQ,H Kh fhdackd l%u ;j≥rg;a
ls%hd;aul fl˙Kss' úêu;a uQ,H wxYfhka neyerj isák
mqoa.,hka b,lal lr .ksñka fuu Kh fhdackd l%u"
ls%hd;aul lrk ,°' wdr®:ßl ixjr®Okh Wfoid uQ,H
l<ukdlrKfha we;s jeo.;alu ie,ls,a,g .ksñka"
tu iudc ia:rfhys mqoa.,hkaf.a uQ,H idlaIr;djh
by< kexùu flfrys fuu Kh fhdackd l%uh úfYaI
wjOdkhla fhduq lrk ,°' †<s`≥lu msgqoelSu i|yd jk
laIqø uQ,H plS%h Kh jHdmD;sh - w†hr II" iqΩ f.dùka
yd bvï fkdue;s wh i|yd jk plS%h Kh jHdmD;sh
iy cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyk hk l%u
j,ska fuu wxYh iukaú; ù we;' 2016 jir ;=<°" fuu
Kh fhdackd l%u u.ska Kh m%;s,dNSka 32"963 la w;fr®
remsh,a ñ,shk 2"701'4 l Kh uqo,la uq∞ y˙k ,°'
†<s`≥lu msgqoelSu i|yd jk laIqø uQ,H plS%h Kh
jHdmD;sh - w†hr II yryd laIqø uQ,H wxYh u.ska uqod
y˙k ,o uqΩ Kh m%udKfhka ishhg 58'0 la" Kh
m%;s,dNSka 19"268 fofkl= i|yd ,nd fok ,°' 2015
jir iu`. ixikaokd;aulj .;aúg fuu m%udKh ishhg
64'9 la f,i igyka jq◊' wÆ;ska y`≥kajd ≥ka cd;sl lDIs
jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jHdmD;sfhys laIqø uQ,H jevigyk
hgf;a laIqø uQ,H wxYh fj; uqΩ Kh m%udKfhka ishhg
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
27 la uqodye¯u fya;=fjka 2015 jir g idfmalaIj 2016
jifr®° †<s`≥lu msgq±lSu i|yd jk laIqø uQ,H pl%Sh
Kh jHdmD;sh - w†hr II ys my< hdula fmkakqï lrk
,°' †<s`≥lu msgq ±lSu i|yd jk laIqø uQ,H pl%Sh Kh
jHdmD;sh - w†hr II" 2016 jir ;=<° ishhg 17'7 lska
jr®Okh ù we;'
 †<s`≥ ck fldgiaj, „jk ;;a;ajh by< kexùu
i|yd ldka;djka" bvï wysñ mqoa.,hka yd wfkl=;a
wvq wdodhï,dNSka b,lal lr .ksñka lDIsldr®ñl
ixjr®Okh i|yd jQ cd;Hka;r wruqo, u.ska
uQ,Hhkh lrkq ,nk cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok
jevigyfkys laIqø uQ,H Kh fhdackd l%uh 2016
ckjd˙ ui wdrïN lrk ,°' fuu jevigyk
u.ska lDIs jHdmdr" lDIslr®uh" ëjr lr®udka;h"
i;a;ajmd,kh" fjf<| yd fiajd lghq;= iy
l=vd jHdmdr wxYhkays iajhx /lshd jeks wdodhï
W;amdok ls%hdldrlï i|yd laIqø uQ,H Kh myiqlï
,nd fokq we;' fuu Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a 2016
jifr®° Kh m%;s,dNSka 5"839 la i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk
730'7 l Kh uqo,la ,nd fok ,°'
 cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyfkys laIqø
uQ,H Kh fhdackd l%ufhys wju Kh iSudj wvq
ls¯u i|yd Kh m%;s,dNSka úiska lrk ,o b,a,Sï
ie,ls,a,g .ksñka" uQ,H fiajdjkaf.a jHdma;sh
by< kexùu i|yd 2016 wfm%a,a ui isg tlS wju
Kh iSudj remsh,a 30"000 isg remsh,a 10"000 olajd
my; ouk ,°' ta wkqj" fuu Kh fhdackd l%uh
hgf;a Kh m%;s,dNSkag remsh,a 10"000 isg remsh,a
300"000 la olajd Kh uqo,a ,nd .ekSug yelsh'
 ixjr®Ok l%shdj,shg ;reKhka iyNd.s lr
.ekSu iy ;reKhska iún, .ekaùu wruqKq
lr .ksñka" remsh,a ñ,shk 225 l wruqo,a fjka
ls¯ula iys;j cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok
jevigyfkys ;dreKH iún, .ekaùu iy
/lshd jHdmD;sh ^;reK †˙h& wdrïN lrk ,°' l=vd
jHdmdr iy fjk;a iajhx /lshd jHdmD;s wdrïN
ls¯u i|yd Kh myiqlï ,nd °u u.ska .ï uÜgfï
;reK ms˙iaj, „jk ;;a;ajh k.d isgqùu fuu Kh
fhdackd l%ufha uQ,sl wruqK fõ' 2016 wf.daia;= isg
foieïnr® olajd ld,h ;=<" fuu Kh fhdackd l%uh
u.ska ;reK ;reKshka 170 fofkl= i|yd remsh,a
ñ,shk 19'7 l Kh uqo,a m%udKhla ,nd ° ;sfí'
 2016 Tlaf;danr® ui ;=<°" cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok
jevigyfkys msg; j.dlrejka ^fldka;%d;a f.dùka&
i|yd jQ Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a" —w.hodu ixjr®Ok
m%d.aOk lDIsldr®ñl Kh fhdackd l%uh¶ iy
§w.hodu ixjr®Ok m%d.aOk lDIsldr®ñl Kh
fhdackd l%uh˜ wdrïN lrk ,°' lDIs ksIamdokhkays
M,odhs;dj" .=Kd;aul ;;a;ajh iy tl;= l<
jákdlu jeäls¯fï wruqKska ls%hd;aul lrk fuu
Kh fhdackd l%uh i|yd lDIsldr®ñl ixjr®Okh
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
i|yd jQ cd;Hka;r wruqo, úiska remsh,a ñ,shk
623'2 l uqo,la fjka lr ;sfí'
22'5 wfkl=;a
^w& uQ,H wka;r®.;Ndjh ms<sn| iólaIKhla meje;aùu
uQ,H ksIamdok iy fiajdjka i|yd myiq m%fõY
udr®.hka we;s ls¯fï woyiska" 2016 jifr®° Y%S
,xldfõ m%:u °m jHdma; uQ,H wka;r®.;Ndjh
ms<sn| iólaIKh mj;ajkq ,eìKss' iólaIKfhka
,nd.;a m%;sM, iy wfkl=;a iyfhda.s rgj,
uQ,H wka;r®.;Ndjh iïnkaOfhka mj;sk
kQ;k Wmdhudr®. ie,ls,a,g .ksñka 2017
jifr®° uQ,H wka;r®.;Ndjh i|yd jk cd;sl
Wmdhudr®.sl flgqïm;la ilia lrkq we;' ;jo
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j iqΩ yd uOH
m˙udK jHdmdr wxYh ixjr®Okh i|yd jk cd;sl
m%;sm;a;s rduqj hgf;a uQ,H m%fõYh i|yd jk cd;sl
m%;sm;a;suh Wmdh udr®. i|yd o fhduq jkq we;'
^wd& laaIqø" iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK jHjidh wxYfha
lDIs jHdmdrj, uQ,H m%fõYh by< kexùu'
ldnksl lDIslr®uh ms<sn|j fmd≥ uyck;djf.a iy
rcfha fï ms<sn|j" by< hk wjOdkh ie,ls,a,g
.ksñka" úêu;a lDIs ixúOdk iy nyq mdr®Yùh
jHdmdr yryd jdKsc uÜgfï ldnksl lDIs
lr®udka;h iy ls˙ ksIamdokh by< kexùu
i|yd moku ilia lrk ,°' fuu ls%hdj,sfha °
uQ,H fiajd fukau Kh m˙mQrl fiajd ,nd °ug
wfmalaIs; w;r" f.dùka iy jHjidhlhska i|yd
wf,ú in|;d f.dvkexùu iy y`≥kd.;a f.dúhka
by< wdr®:ßl uÜgulg f.k tau i|yd wjYH jk
uQ,H iy ;dlaIKsl iydh ,nd°u o is≥ lrkq we;'
^b& iQr®h n,fhka ú≥,s W;amdokh ls¯u i|yd Kh
fhdackd l%uhla y`≥kajd °u ms<sn|j idlÉPd wdrïN
ls¯u'
rg ;=< .DydY%s; iQr®hn, W;amdokh by< kexùu
i|yd cd;sl m%;sm;a;s iy wdr®:ßl lghq;= wud;HdxYh"
ú≥,sn, iy mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s wud;HdxYh"
Y%S ,xld iqks;H n,Yla;s wêld˙h iy wfkl=;a
mdr®Yajlrejka iu. tlaj wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=j
úiska uQ,Hhkh lrkq ,nk Kh fhdackd l%uhla
y`≥kajd°u ms<sn|j idlÉPd wdrïN lrkq ,eìKss'
fuu Kh fhdackd l%ufha m%Odk wruqK jkafka
jir 2020 jk úg iQr®h n,fhka lsf,da fjdÜ 200 la
W;amdokh ls¯u i|yd jk rcfha m%;sm;a;shg iydh
oelaùuhss'
^B& lDIs wxYh kùlrKh ls¯fï jHdmD;sh hgf;a Kh
uqo,ska fldgila wdjrKh ls¯u i|yd jk Kh wem
wdjrK fhdackd l%uhla y`≥kajd °u'
uQ,H w;rue† fiajd imhkakkaf.a wjYH;djhkays
.;sl iajNdjh y`≥kd .ksñka tu wjYH;d
imqrd,Sfï wruqKska" f,dal nexl=j úiska uQ,Hkh
II fldgi - 117
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
lrkq ,nk fhda‚; lDIs wxYh kùlrKh ls¯fï
jHdmD;sh hgf;a Kh uqo,ska fldgila wdjrKh
ls¯u i|yd jk Kh wem wdjrK fhdackd l%uhla
y`≥kajd °ug Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska lghq;=
wdrïN lrk ,°' lDIsldr®ñl ksIamdokhkays
ldr®hlaIu;dj iy M,odhS;dj" fjf<|fmd< msúiqu
jeä†hqKq ls¯u iy w.h tl;= ls¯u uQ,sl wruqK
lr .ksñka lDIs wxYh kùlrKh ls¯fï jHdmD;sh
hgf;a wjodkï fnod ye¯fï WmlrKhla f,i
fuu Kh wem wdjrK l%uh y`≥kajd ° we;' ;jo"
fuu jHdmD;sh u.ska i,ld n,k jHdmD;sfhys uqΩ
ms˙jefhka ishhg 50 l m%odkhla ,ndfokq ,efí' tA
fya;=fjka uQ,H m%fõYh ;j≥rg;a by< hkq we;ehs
wfmalaId flfr®'
22'6 l=i,;d ixj¾Okh yd YlH;d f.dvkexùu
mqΩ,a wka;r®.;Ndjhla i|yd jk .;sl ixrplhka
f,i uQ,H idlaIr;djfhys iy oekqïj;a ls¯fuys
we;s jeo.;alu jgyd .ksñka" m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2016 jir ;=<° m%;s,dNSka yd
wfkl=;a mdr®Yjlrejka ±kqïj;a ls¯fï wruq◊ka
uQ,H idlaIr;djh" jHjidhl;aj ixjr®Okh" l=i,;d
ixjr®Okh iy mqyqKqlrejka mqyqKq ls¯u i`oyd
jevigyka 172 la mj;ajd we;'
uQ,H wxYfhka neyer ùu ksid wysñ ù we;s m%;s,dN
ms<sn|j fukau úêu;a uQ,H wxYhg m%úIag ùu ;=<ska
,eìh yels m%;s,dN ms<sn|j o ±kqïj;a ls¯fï wruq◊ka
uQ,H idlaIr;d jevigyka mj;ajkq ,eì◊' hym;a
nexl= mqre≥" uQ,H úkh iy kj uQ,H WmlrK yd
fiajd ms<sn|j o ±kqïj;a lrk ,°' m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok
fomdr®;fïka;=j iajhx wdOdrl lKvdhï f.dvkexùu
yryd fuu wOHdmksl jevigyk ;j≥rg;a m%dfhda.slj
ls%hd;aul ls¯u ;=<ska uQ,H l<ukdlrKh iy hym;a
uQ,H mqre≥ m%jr®Okh ls¯ug o lghq;= lrk ,°'
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdfr®;fïka;=j u.ska mj;ajk ,o
jevigykaj, f;dr;=re my; ixLHd igyfkys oelafõ'
II-24 ixLHd igyk
2016 jir ;=< m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok fomd¾;fïka;=j u.ska
mj;ajk ,o jevigyka
jevigyk jevigyka ixLHdj
uQ,H idlaIr;dj 82
l=i,;d ixjr®Okh 60
YlH;d f.dvkexùu 26
udOH jevigyka 04
uqΩ ixLHdj 172
II fldgi - 118
II fldgi
23' m%dfoaYSh ld¾hd, l<ukdlrK
2015 iema;eïnr® ui ia:dms; lrk ,o fomdr®;fïka;=
uÜgfï m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd, 05 taldnoaO lrñka 2016
fkdjeïnr® ui ° m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd, l<ukdlrK
fomdr®;fïka;=j ia:dmkh lrk ,°' ta wkqj †jhsfka
ishÆu m<d;a wdjrKh jk m˙† jHdma;j we;s m%dfoaYSh
ldr®hd, l<ukdlrKh yd wëlaIKh ls¯u fuu
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ uQ,sl mrudr®:h fõ'
uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 07 jk j.ka;shg wkqj kqjrt<sh yd
n≥,a, †ia;s%lalj, m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Okh mqΩ,a ls¯fï
wruqKska" 2016 ckjd˙ udifha° kqjrt<sfha kj m%dfoaYSh
ldr®hd,hla újD; lrk ,°' fuu m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd,h
ia:dk.; ls¯fï° kqjrt<sh yd n≥,a, †ia;s%lalj,
jeú,s wxYfha fiajl ixflakaøkh ie,ls,a,g .ksñka
Tjqkaf.a wr®:idOl yd iïnkaO lghq;=j,g myiqlï
iemhSu flfrys úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduqlrk ,°' by;
lS m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd,h o iu. Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ
m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd, .Kk 07 la jQ w;r tu ldr®hd, ud;r"
wkqrdOmqr" ud;f,a" hdmkh" ;s%l=Kdu,h" ls,sfkdÉÑh
yd kqjrt<sh k.rj, msysgqjd we;'
23'1 ixj¾Ok ld¾hhka
2016 jr®Ifha° ishÆu m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd, tajdfha
m˙md,khg hg;ajk m%foaYj, ixjr®Ok lghq;=j,
ksr; jQ w;r tys° úfYaI wjOdkh fhduqlrk ,oafoa Kh
m%odkh ls¯fï ls%hdj,sfha ldr®hlaIu;dj jeä†hqKq ls¯u
iy tu.ska Kh myiqlï ksis fj,djg ndOdjlska f;drj
iemhSu ;=<ska lDIslr®udka;h" i;a;aj md,kh iy laIqø"
iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK jHdmdr wxYhka m%jr®Okh ls¯uh'
jdKsc iy ixjr®Ok nexl=" ,shdm†xÑ uqo,a iud.ï iy
wfkl=;a rdcH ksfhda‚; wdh;k iïnkaëlrKh ls¯u
u.ska ixjr®Ok jHdmD;s i`oyd Kh,dNSkaf.a iy Kh
wfmalaIs; mqoa.,hkaf.a wod< jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul ls¯u
i`oyd m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd, iyh úh' ta wkqj 2016 jir ;=,°
Kh l|jqre 66 la mj;ajd jHjidhlhka 7"327 lg úúO
fiajd ,ndfok ,o w;r ta ;=<ska Kh iïnkaO;djhka
3"121 f.dvk.k ,°'
;jo" úúO mqyqKq jevigyka yd fjk;a jevuqΩ meje;aùu
u.ska Kh,dNSkag yd .%dóh m%cd uQ, ixúOdkj,
idud‚lhkag uQ,H idlaIr;djh" jHjidh ixjr®Okh"
;dlaIKsl †hqKqj yd úYsIag m˙phka ms<n| oekqu
,ndfok ,°' tys° jevigyka 145 la mj;ajd mqoa.,hska
13"570 lg uQ,H idlaIr;djh ms<sn| oekqu fnodfok
,°' ;dlaIKsl †hqKqj yd l<ukdlrK ixjr®Okh hk
wxY j,g wod,j ms<sfj<ska mqoa.,hska 4"806" 1"292 yd
1"971 la fjkqfjka jHjidh ixjr®Ok jevigyka 55 la"
lafIa;% pd˙ld$;dlaIK yqjudre jevigyka 34 la yd
úYsIag m˙phka ms<sn| jevigyka 44 la mj;ajk ,°'
fuu jevigykaj, ° uQ,slju lDIslr®udka;h" ëjr
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
lr®udka;h" WoHdk úoHdj wd† wdr®:ßl fCIa;% flfrys
wjOdkh fhduq lrk ,o w;r wdf,dal úfudapk vfhdavh
^LED&" fouqyqï yd µhsnr® ;dlaIKh ^Fiber Technology&
wd† wdr®:ßl fCIa;% flfrys o wjOdkh fhduq lrk
,°' ;jo ldnksl lDIslr®udka;h yd jeä wiajekakla
,ndfok yd fouqyqï îc ms<sn`o f.dùka oekqj;als¯ug
oekqj;als¯fï jevigyka 12 la mj;ajk ,o w;r
tajdg mqoa.,hska 597 la iyNd.s úh' ;jo Kh f.ùfï°
úúO ≥Ialr;djhkag uqyqK ≥ka Kh,dNska wrNhd
Kh WmfoaYK fiajdjkao mj;ajk ,o w;r ta ;=<ska
mqoa.,hska 1"763 la m%;s,dN ,eîh' tfukau Kh,dNSkaf.a
wf,úlrKh myiq ls¯u i|yd fj<ofmd< iïnkaO;d
we;s ls¯u" .ekqïlrejkaf.a yd úlsKqïlrejkaf.a
ixjdo$/iaùï meje;aùu iy W;aijld,j,° fj<|
i,ams,a meje;aùu o m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd, úiska is≥ lrk ,°'
ol=Kq yd niakdysr m<d;a wdKavqldrjreka" fcHIaG
rdcH yd m<d;a iNd ks,Od˙ka iy wod< m%foaYj,
uQ,H wdh;kj, ks,Od˙kaf.a iyNd.S;ajfhka /iaùï
folla .d,a, yd fld<U k.rj, mj;ajk ,°' fuu
/iaùï j, wruqK jQfha tu m<d;a ixjr®Okh i|yd
uQ,H iy nexl= myiqlï iemhSu" uQ,H m%fõYh m%jr®Okh
ls¯u iy uQ,H wka;r®.;Ndjh jeä†hqKq ls¯u ms<sn|j jQ
.egÆ y`≥kd.ekSu yd tajd ms<sn| idlÉPd ls¯uhs'
23'2 m%dfoaYSh lghq;= i|yd uy nexl=j ksfhdackh
lsÍu
2016 jir ;=<° o m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd, úiska wod< m<d;aj,
uy nexl=fõ úúO jevigyka meje;aùu u.ska m%dfoaYSh
jYfhka uy nexl=j ksfhdackh ls¯u o is≥ lrk ,°'
ta wkqj ms˙is≥ uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" jHdc fkdaÜgq y`≥kd.ekSu"
kS;Hdkql+, fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k" ;ykï Kh fhdackd
l%u" úksuh md,k fr.=,dis wd†h ms<sn| oekqïj;als¯fï
jevigyka iy isiqka yd .=rejreka fjkqfjka wOHdmksl
jevigyka 107 la mj;ajk ,o w;r ta i|yd mqoa.,hska
9"347 la iyNd.s úh' fï w;˙ka jevigyka 39 la ms˙is≥
fkdaÜgq m%;sm;a;sh yd jHdc fkdaÜgq y`≥kd.ekSu ms<sn|j
o" jevigyka 50 la kS;Hdkql+, fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k
yd ;ykï Kh fhdackd l%u ms<sn|j jQ w;r wOHdmksl
jevigyka 08 la o ta w;r úh' ;j o jeú,s wxYfha
fcHIaG ks,Od¯ka 95 la b,lal lr.ksñka fiajl
wr®:idOl wruqo, ms<sn|j oekqj;als¯fï jevigykla
o meje;aúKs' wr®:idOl wruqof,a idud‚lhka g wjYH
fiajdjka iemhSu flfrys o úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduqlrk
,o w;r ta wkqj wr®:idOl wruqof,a idud‚lhka 49"495
lg wjYH fiajdjka iemhSug o yels úh' ;j o Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ nexl= lghq;= wOHhk flakaøh ^nexl=
ú≥ mshi& u.ska m<d;a uÜgñka fufyhjk ,o mqyqKq
jevigyka 09 la o mj;ajk ,o w;r ta ;=<ska niakdysr
m<df;ka msg; msysgqjd we;s nexl= yd uQ,H wdh;k YdLd
j, ks,Od¯yq 671 la m%;s,dN ,eîh'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
24' wjodkï l<ukdlrK
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wj∞kï l<ukdlrK l%shdj,sh
ukd wj∞kï l<ukdlrK hymd,k rduqjla Tiafia
Yla;su;a ls¯fï wruq◊ka 1949 wxl 58 ork uqo,a kS;s
mkf;a 33 j.ka;sh hgf;a" 2015 fmnrjd˙ 09 jk †k
wj∞kï l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j msysgqjkq ,eîh'
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j wkq.ukh lrk f;je≤reï wdrlaIl
l%ufõoh hgf;a" fojk fm< wdrlaIl l%uh yd iïnkaO
ldr®hNdrh wj∞kï l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=jg
mej¯ we;s w;r ta ;=<ska iajdëk yd uOH.; wj∞kï
l<ukdlrK l%ufõohla ia:dms; ls¯ug lghq;= lrkq
,nhs' wj∞kï l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=jg mjrk
,o ldr®hNdrh mshjfrka mshjrg bgqls¯u Wfoid
wj∞kï l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j lghq;= lrk
,o w;r" jr®Ih ;=< ° cd;Hka;r ixÑ; wdfhdack
iïnkaOfhka yd uQ,H fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
l<ukdlrKh is≥ lrk wNHka;r wruqo,a úiska lrkq
,nk wdfhdack iïnkaOfhka jk uQ,H wj∞kï y∫kd
.ekSu" weia;fïka;= ls¯u" wëlaIKh ls¯u yd jdr®;d
ls¯ï is≥lrk ,°'
2016 jr®Ih ;=< fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska is≥lrk ,o m%Odk
ldr®hhkays idrdxY.; wka;r®.;h my; i|yka fõ'
1' cd;Hka;r ixÑ; l<ukdlrKh iïnkaOfhka
uQ,H wj∞kï
wj∞kï l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
cd;Hka;r ixÑ; iïnkaO uQ,H wj∞ku ;lafiare
ls¯fï ° fj<|fmd< wj∞ku ^fmd,S wkqmd;sl
wj∞ku yd úfoaYSh úksuh wj∞ku& yd Kh
wj∞ku flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrk ,°'
fj<|fmd< wjodku
fj<|fmd< idOlhkays WÉpdjpk ;=<ska we;s úh yels
w,dNhka fj<|fmd< wj∞ku f,i ye`†kaúh yelsh'
úlrKh l< mej;=ï ld,h (Modified Duration)" fmd,S
wkqmd;sl ixfõ°;dj (Interest Rate Sensitivity) yd
wj∞kug ,la l< jákdlu (Value - at - Risk) hk ñkqï
l%u ;=<ska fj<|fmd< wj∞ku ;lafiare lrkq ,efí'
M,∞hs;d wkqmd;slfhys fjkia ùug m%;spdr f,i
iq/l=ïm;a ñf,ys we;sjk fjkiaùfï m%;sY;h
úlrKh l< mej;=ï ld,h (Modified Duration)
;=<ska o" fj<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;slfhys we;s úh
yels WÉpdjpkhkag wkqj wdfhdack l<fUys we;s jk
fjkiaùu fmd,S wkqmd;sl ixfõ°;dj ;=<ska o ukskq
,efí' fok ,o úYajdi∞hS uÜgula yd ld,mrdihla ;=<
wdfhdack l<U ;=< we;s úh yels w,dNh uekSu i|yd
wj∞kug ,la l< jákdlu (Value at Risk) fhd∞.kq
,efí'
II fldgi - 119
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
Kh wjodku
tlÛjk ,o fldkafoaisj,g wkql+,j Khlrefjl= fyda
iïnkaê; mdr®Yajhka úiska ish Kh j.lSï bgqls¯ug
wfmdfydi;a ùfï wj∞ku Kh wj∞ku f,i ye¢kaúh
yelsh' Khlrejka iïnkaO Kh wj∞kï l<ukdlrK
udr®f.damfoaYhg (CCRMG) wkqj Kh wj∞ku ;lafiare
ls¯u" wëlaIKh ls¯u" jdr®;d ls¯u yd l<ukdlrKh
ls¯u is≥ lrk ,o w;r" ishÆu .kqfokq kshu lrk
,o iSudjka ;=< is≥ lrkq ,en we;a±hs iy;sl lr.kq
,eîh' wkd.; mdr®Yajlrefjl=f.a Kh wj∞ku
fldmuK±hs .Kkh ls¯ug Tjqkf.a uQ,H jdr®;dj,
f;dr;=re" Kh fY%a◊.; ls¯fï wdh;kj,ska m%ldY
lrk fY%a◊.; ls¯ï yd tu mdr®Yajh iïnkaO
fj<|fmd< ;;a;ajhka ie,ls,a,g .kakd w;r jr®;udk
mdr®Yajlrejka Tjqkaf.a Kh fY%a◊.; ls¯ï wdY%fhka
ffokslj we.hSu yd wëlaIKh lrkq ,nhs' jr®Ih
;=< ° Fitch Ratings, Standard & Poor's iy Moody's
Analytics Kh fY%aKs.; ls¯fï wdh;k ;%s;ajh yryd
ksl=;a lrk ,o fY%a◊.; ls¯ïj, fjkialïj,g wkqj
mdr®Yajlrejka lSm fofkl=f.a wdfhdack WmlrK iy
wfhdack iSudjka ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°' tu fjkialï
NdKavd.dr l<ukdlrK moaO;sh (TMS) fj; we;=<;a
lrk ,o w;r tu iSudjkag hg;aj .kqfokq ls¯u
i|yd fuu f;dr;=re cd;Hka;r fufyhqï lghq;=
fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; ikaksfõokh lrk ,°' Bg wu;rj"
uqo,a fj<|fmd< mdr®Yajlrejka is≥lrk .kqfokqj,
Kh meyer ye¯fï wj∞ku" ia:djr m%;s,dN ysñ
iq/l=ïm;aj, .kqfokq lrk mdr®Yajlrejkaf.a Kh
meyer ye¯fï wj∞kug jvd jeä ksid" wjodkï
l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j Kh meyer ye¯u
yqjudrefõ wka;rfha (Credit- Default-swap; CDS)
iy fldgia ñ, .Kkaj, WÉpdjpkh ffokslj
wëlaIKh lrkq ,nk w;r cd;Hka;r uQ,H lghq;=
fomdr®;fïka;=jg" uqo,a fjf<|fmd< mdr®Yajlrejkaf.a
úh yels uQ,H ≥r®j,;d ^wêl WÉpdjpkhka iy ms<s.;
yels uÜgug jvd is≥úh yels me;sr hdï& ms<sn| wjodkï
jdr®;djla ffokslj b†˙m;a lrhs' ta ;=<ska ;uka
Yla;su;a uQ,H ;;a;ajhla we;s fj<|fmd< mdr®Yajlrejka
iuÛ .kqfokqj,g t<eô we;s njg cd;Hka;r fufyhqï
lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=jg ;yjqre lr.; yelsh'
2' ixÑ; WmfoaYk yd l<ukdlrK jevigyk
(RAMP) hgf;a f,dal nexl=j fj;ska ;dlaI◊l
iydhka ,nd.ekSu'
wj∞kï l<ukdlrK yd jdr®;d ls¯fï l%ufõoh
Yla;su;a ls¯fï wruqK we;sj fomdr®;fïka;=
ldr®huKav,fha ±kqu yd yelshdjka by< kexùu
i|yd cd;Hka;r ixÑ; wdfhdack l%shdj,shg
iïnkaO wj∞kï l<ukdlrKh i|yd wj∞kï
l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j f,dal nexl=fõ
ixÑ; WmfoaYk yd l<ukdlrK jevigyk ;=<ska
;dlaI◊l iydhka ,nd.ekSug lghq;= lrk ,°'
II fldgi - 120
II fldgi
3' Wmdhudr®.sl j;alï fn∞ye¯u (Strategic Asset
Allocation (SAA)
;u ldr®hNdrh ;j≥rg;a l%shd;aul lrñka †.=ld,Sk
wdfhdack l<U wj∞kï yd m%;s,dN iunr
uÜgulska mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd j;alï yd j.lSï
l<ukdlrK l%shdms<sfj;la iksgqyka lrñka
cd;Hka;r ixÑ; l<ukdlrKh i|yd Wmdhudr®.sl
j;alï fn∞ye¯fï l%ufõohla y∫kajd°ug
cd;Hka;r fufyhqï lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j yd
tlaj wj∞kï l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j mshjr
.kakd ,°' fuu l%ufõoh ;=< úúO ld,mrdihka
Tiafia fjkiajk øjYS, wjYH;d y∫kd .ksñka
ixÑ; l<ukdlrKh myiqfjka yd by<
ldr®hlaIu;djlska is≥ l< yelsh' fuu ldr®hfha
° wj∞kï l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j jr®;udk
cd;Hka;r ixÑ; l<ukdlrK u.fmkaùï
(Foreign Reserve Management Guidelines;
FRMG) ixfYdaOkhg ,lalrkq ,nk w;r" ta
fjkqjg cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Ska yd .e<fmk f,i kj
m%;sm;a;s f,aLk lÜg, folla ms<sfh< lrk ,°'
tajd wdfhdack m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkh (Investment
Policy Statement; IPS) yd wdfhdack u.fmkaùï
(Investment Guidelines;IG) f,i y∫kajkq ,nhs'
fï wkqj" wdfhdack m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkh yd wfhdack
u.fmkaùï y∫kajd °u i|yd miqìï jQ b;d jeo.;au
idOlh f,i Wmdhudr®.sl j;alï fn∞ye¯u
i|yka l< yelsh'
4' f.da,Sh fj<|fmd< ;;a;ajhka ms<sn|j wëlaIKh
ls¯u
f.da,Sh fj<|fmd< ;;a;ajfha is≥ úh yels
fjkiaùï yd f.da,Sh ixisoaëka ms<sn|j wj∞kï
l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j by< wjOdkhla
fhduq l< w;r" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ cd;Hka;r
ixÑ; flfrys tu idOlj, n,mEu ms<sn|j
wj∞kï l<ukdlrK oDIaá fldaKhlska wjOdkh
fhduq lrk ,°' fï iïnkaO wj∞kï we;=<;a jdr®;d
wj∞kï l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska by<
l<ukdlrKh fj; b†˙m;a l< w;r" nexl=fõ
f.ùï yd mshùï moaO;shg iïnkaOj mj;sk md,k
l%ufõohkays m%udKj;a nj" uyd ì%;dkHh" hqfrdamd
ix.ufhka fjkaùu ;=<ska cd;Hka;r ixÑ;
l<ukdlrKhg we;sjk n,mEu yd uy nexl=fõ
wdfhdack mdr®Yajhka yd ne£ we;s nexl=j, is≥úh
yels ì|jeàï yd iïnkaO Kh wj∞kï ms<sn|
±kqj;a ls¯ï hkd†h fuu jdr®;dj,ska lsysmhls'
5' cd;Hka;r ixÑ; l<ukdlrK lñgqj (FRMC)
i|yd lrk ,enQ ∞hl;ajh
cd;Hka;r ixÑ; l<ukdlrK lñgqfõ
ks¯laIlfhl= f,i wj∞kï l<ukdlrK
fomdr®;fïka;=j lghq;= lrk w;r cd;Hka;r
ixÑ; wdfhdack lghq;= yd iïnkaO fj<|fmd<
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
wj∞ku yd Kh wj∞ku ms<sn| jQ udisl b†˙m;a
ls¯ï lñgqj fj; is≥ lrk ,°' thg wu;rj ixÑ;
wdfhdack ms<sn| jQ fhdackd we;s úg tajd we.hSï
is≥ ls¯u" f,dal fj<|fmd< ;;a;ajhkays fjkiaùu
;=<ska ks, ixÑ;j,g flfrk n,mEu hkd†h
we;=<;a f;dr;=re cd;Hka;r ixÑ; l<ukdlrK
lñgqj fj; b†˙m;a lrk ,°'
6' ffoksl fj<| f;dr;=re úYaf,aIKh ls¯u
ffoksl jr®;udk fj<|fmd< o;a; yd f;dr;=re
ms<sn|j ú.%yhla fldg wêm;sjrhd fj; tu
f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh ls¯u wj∞kï l<ukdlrK
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska is≥ lrk ,°' fuu f;dr;=re
;=< fj<|fmd< øjYS,;dj" fláld,Sk fmd,S
wkqmd;slfha yeis¯u" cd;Hka;r ixÑ; wdfhdack
ms<sn| úia;r iy rcfha iq/l=ïm;a yd NdKavd.dr
wruqo,a wjYH;d iy M,∞ jl%fha yeis¯u hkd†h
wvx.= úh'
7' wNHka;r wruqo,a wdfhdack lghq;= iïnkaO
wj∞kï l<ukdlrKh
wj∞kï l<ukdlrKh iïnkaOfhka .kakd
,o ;j;a jeo.;a mshjrla f,i wNHka;r wruqo,a
wdfhdack iïnkaO wj∞kï l<ukdlrKh uOH.;
lrñka tu wxYfha wj∞kï l<ukdlrKh" wj∞kï
l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; mej¯u ±laúh
yelsh' uQ,H fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ia:dms; lrk ,o
úfYaI tallhla yryd wNHka;r wruqo,a wdfhdack
l<ukdlrKh is≥lrk w;r ;ekam;= rlaIK yd
øjYS,;d wdOdrl wruqo," Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ
úY%dñl wruqo," Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wr®:idOl
wruqo, hk wruqo,a o we;<;aj nexl= wëlaIK"
uQ,H" ldr®h uKav, fiajd l<ukdlrK yd m%dfoaYSh
ixjr®Ok hk fomdr®;fïka;= úiska mj;ajdf.k
hk wruqo,a j,ska iukaú; fõ' fuu ishÆ wruqo,a
yd iïnkaO wj∞ku ta ta fomdr®;fïka;= úiska
óg fmr l<ukdlrKh l< o" fuu jifr® isg
tu ishÆ wruqo,a yd iïnkaO wj∞ku wëlaIKh
ls¯u yd md,kh ls¯u wj∞kï l<ukdlrK
fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; mjrk ,°' wj∞kï
l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska wdfhdack
m%;sm;a;s m%ldYh ms<sfh< lsrSu i|yd fhdackd
uQ,H fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; ,nd°u" wdfhdack
m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkfha wruqKqj,g wkqj wdfhdack
l<U i|yd ñkqï ,l=Kq (benchmark) ieliSu yd
mdr®Yajlrejkaf.a Kh wj∞ku m%isoaO lrk ,o
Kh fY%a◊ .; ls¯u u; wëlaIKh ls¯u;a is≥
lrk ,°' wj∞kï l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska wdfhdackhkag wod< wj∞ku iïnkaO
oDIaá fldaKhlska" uqo,a uKav,h wkqu; lrk
,o wdfhdack m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkfha wvx.= lreKq
yd wdfhdack iïnkaO wj∞kï idOl hk lreKq
mokï lr .ksñka udisl wj∞kï ú.%yhla is≥
lrk ,°'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
8' uQ,H fkdjk wj∞kï l<ukdlrK lñgqj
(NFRMC) fj; lrk ,o ∞hl;ajh
wêm;sjrhdf.a uQ,sl;ajfhka ldr®;=uh jYfhka
mj;ajkq ,nk uQ,H fkdjk wj∞kï l<ukdlrK
lñgqj fj; wjYH lrk iydhka wj∞kï
l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska imhkq ,eîh'
idfmalaI jYfhka by< uQ,H fkdjk wj∞kï we;s
fomdr®;fïka;= b,lal lr.ksñka tu wj∞kï
l<ukdlrKh ms<sn|j fidhd ne,Sug uQ,H fkdjk
wj∞kï l<ukdlrK lñgqj msysgqjk ,°' tys
/iaùï ixúOdkh ls¯u" ta ta fomdr®;fïka;=j,ska
uQ,H fkdjk wj∞kï i|yd wj∞kï wdlD;s
tla/ia fldg uQ,H fkdjk wj∞kï wdlD;sh
ms<sfh< ls¯u yd tajd lñgqj fj; b†˙m;a ls¯u
hk ldr®hNdrhka bgq lrñka wj∞kï l<ukdlrK
wOHlaI fuu lñgqfõ f,alï f,i lghq;= lrkq
,nhs'
25' f,alï fomd¾;fïka;=j
f,alï fomdr®;fïka;=j Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j wdrïNfha°u
m%;sIaGdms; fomdr®;fïka;= w;˙ka tlls' tu.ska is≥
flfrk ldr®hhka w;˙ka NdKav yd fiajd m%iïmdokh
ls¯u" úY%du jegqma m%;s,dN l%shd;aul ls¯u" ksjdvq ¯;s
l%shd;aul ls¯u" mYapd;a Wmdê wOHhk lghq;=" úfoaY
mqyqKq yd úfoaY ixpdr iïnkaO jk f.ùï lghq;= is≥
ls¯u" W;aij ixúOdkh ls¯u" wNdú; iy h,a mskQ NdKav
ms<sn| iólaIK uKav, lghq;= yd ;eme,a ldur fiajdj
wd° fmd≥ fiajd iemhSu iy wêm;sjrhdg wjYH f,alï
yd ikaOdk fiajd imhd °u m%Odk fõ' fuu ldr®hhka
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ fufyhqï lghq;= idr®:lj lrf.k
hEu i|yd úYd, ∞hl;ajhla imhhs' 2016 jir wjika
jk úg wkQ tla fofkl=f.ka ie≥ï ,;a ldr®h uKav,hla
f,alï fomdr®;fïka;=fõ fiajh lf<ah'
^w& NdKav yd fiajd m%iïmdokh ls¯u (
2016 jr®Ih ;=< fomdr®;fïka;=j m%Odk jYfhkau
fgkavr® mámdáh uQ,sl lr .ksñka remsh,a ñ,shk
233'2 l jákdlñka hq;a m%d.aOk yd m%d.aOk
fkdjk NdKav yd fiajd ie,iqï l< ld,h ;=<
° m%iïmdokh lrk ,°' uy nexl=j i|yd l,g
fõ,djg NdKav yd fiajd m%iïmdokh ls¯u iy;sl
lrkq ms◊i 2016 jr®Ifha ° m%iïmdok ie,iqï ilia
lrk ,o w;r tys m%;sM,hla jYfhka 2016 jr®Ih
i|yd ie,iqï l< uy nexl=fõ iuia; m%iïmdok
wjYH;dj,ska ishhg 86 l m%udKhla b;d idr®:l
f,i wjika ls¯ug f,alï fomdr®;fïka;=jg yels
úh' ;jo" fmd≥ j.lSï rlaIK wdjrKh o we;=Ω
nexl=fõ ishÆu foam< i|yd iM, úia;Sr®K rlaIK
wdjrKhla ,nd .kakd ,°'
^wd& úY%du jegqma m%;s,dN l%uh l%shd;aul ls¯u (
fooyilg wdikak m%;s,dNSka ixLHdjla fjkqfjka
uy nexl= úY%du jegqma l%uh" jekaoUq yd wk;aore
II fldgi - 121
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
wruqo," jekaoUq mqreI yd wk;aore wruqo, iy
uy nexl= wr®:idOl wruqo, hgf;a w∞< f.ùï
lghq;= iy Bg w∞< ,sms f,aLk lghq;= f,alï
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska wLKavj lrk ,°'
^we& ksjdvq ¯;s l%shd;aul ls¯u wfkl=;a fmd≥ m˙md,k
lghq;= is≥ ls¯u (
f,alï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska fiajd kshqla;hkaf.a
úfoaY ixpdr i|yd fm!oa.,sl yd rdcld¯ ksjdvq
wkque;s 429 la ,nd °ug lghq;= lrk ,°' uy
nexl= fiajd kshqla;slhkaf.a jD;a;Sh ix.ï yd
fjk;a iñ;s ixúOdkj,g imhkq ,nk fiajdj,g
w∞< ,smsf,aLk lghq;= is≥ l< w;r" ksjdvq ¯;s
iy fjk;a m˙md,k ¯;s iïnkaOfhka lrk b,a,Sï
i|yd jvd úêu;a m%;spdr ,nd °ug mshjr .kakd
,°'
^wE& mYapd;a Wmdê wOHhk lghq;=" úfoaY mqyqKq yd
úfoaY ixpdr iïnkaOfhka jk f.ùï lghq;= is≥
ls¯u (
fiajd kshqla;hka 37 fofkl=f.a mYapd;a Wmdê
lghq;= i|yd iy fiajd kshqla;hkaf.a flá
ld,Sk úfoaY mqyqKq ixpdr 431 la i|yd f,alï
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska f.ùï lrk ,°'
^b& wNdú; iy h,amskQ NdKav ms<sn| iólaIK uKav,
lghq;=" W;aij ixúOdkh ls¯u iy ;eme,a ldur
fiajdj (
2016 jr®Ih ;=< ° wNdú; h,amskQ ldr®hd,hSh
WmlrK bj;a ls¯u Wfoid uy nexl= w;afmdf;ys
±lafjk l%ufõohg wkql+,j uy nexl= m%Odk
ldr®hd,fha ° iólaIK uKav,hl lghq;= iïmQr®K
lrk ,°' 2016 jr®Ih ;=< ° fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
wÆ;a wjqre≥ jev weröfï W;aijh yd Bg iu.dój
°r®> fiajd ;s<sK m%∞k W;aijh" 1996 fndaïnfhka
úm;g m;a jQjka ieu¯fï jevigyk iy Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j msysgqùfï 66 jeks ixj;ai˙l foaYkh
we;=Ω úúO ieureï W;aij iïnkaëlrKh iy
ixúOdkh lrkq ,eîh' f,alï fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk ;eme,a ldur fiajdj
u.ska 2016 jr®Ifha ° foaYSh iy úfoaYSh jYfhka ,sms
67"590 la o l+˙hr® fiajd ,sms 10"981 la o heùu i|yd
myiqlï i,ik ,°'
^B& wêm;sjrhdg wjYH f,alï yd ikaOdk fiajd
imhd°u (
2016 jr®Ih ;=< uy nexl= wêm;sf.a ks, ldr®hhka
is≥ ls¯u i|yd wjYH f,alï yd ikaOdk lghq;=
iemhSu o f,alï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska lrf.k
hk ,°' ta wkqj" wêm;sf.a yuqùï yd /iaùï
ixúOdkh" foaYk yd ,sms i|yd wjYH flgqïm;a
ilia ls¯u" uQ,H fj<|fmd< ms<sn| f;dr;=re
II fldgi - 122
II fldgi
iemhSu is≥ lrk ,°' wêm;sf.a foaYSh yd úfoaYSh
ks, ixpdr yd wêm;s iy ksfhdacH wêm;sjrekaf.a
ks, W;aij i|yd w∞< lghq;= ixúOdkh
ls¯u o wêm;s f,alï wxYh u.ska bgq lrk ,°' óg
wu;rj" uy nexl=fõ yd wêm;sf.a úfYaIs; wdrdê;
wuq;a;kag wjYH myiqlï iemhSu o is≥ flre◊'
26' wdrlaIl fiajd
w∞< jr®Ih ;=< ° Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wdrlaIdj ;j≥rg;a
Yla;su;a lrñka tys fiajlhkag" f.dvke.s,sj,g"
wfkl=;a foam<j,g iy uqo,a m%jdykh i|yd wdrlaIdj
imhk w;r;=r wdrlaIl fiajd fomdr®;fïka;=j Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ we;eï wfõlaIK hdka;%Khka wkql+,kh
lrk ,°' uy nexl=fõ wdrlaIl fiajdj Yla;su;a ls¯u
my;ska idrdxY.; wdldrhg uQ,sl jYfhka wdrlaIl
moaO;sh jeä†hqKq ls¯u iy fiajl mqyqKqùï jYfhka
wxY follska iukaú; úh'
26'1 wdrlaIl moaO;s jeäÈhqKq lsÍï
^w& .sks wk;=re uevmeje;aùfï moaO;sh
fuu jr®Ih ;=< °" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ
zij˙kaZ wOHhk uOHia:dkh i|yd .sks wk;=re
uevmeje;aùfï moaO;shla ia:dms; lrk ,°'
wkqrdOmqr m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd, f.dvke.s,a, i|yd
kj .sks wk;=re ksjdrK iy wdrlaIl moaO;shla
m%;sia:dmkh ls¯fï lghq;= ksu fl˙◊' óg
wu;rj uy nexl= uQ,ia:dkfha yd wfkl=;a ishÆ
msgia;r m˙Y% ;=< ia:dms; lr ;snQ ishÆ .sks ksùï
WmlrK úêu;a mokula u; m¯laId ls¯u" wjYH
wÆ;ajeähdjka is≥ ls¯u iy m%;sia:dmkh ls¯u is≥
lrk ,°'
^wd& iS iS à ù ks¯laIK moaO;sh
rdc.s˙fha Y%S ,xld uy nexl= zij˙kaZ wOHhk
uOHia:dkh" uy nexl= uQ,ia:dkfha msysá r:
.d," ishÆu m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd, iy ksjdvq ksfla;k
i|yd iS iS à ù ks¯laIK moaO;s ia:dms; lr" tajd
uy nexl= uQ,ia:dkfha jeä†hqKq ls¯ug kshñ;
moaO;shg iïnkaO lr ishÆu ixp,khka ≥ria:j
ks¯laIKh ls¯u i|yd uq,a mshjr ;nk ,°'
^we& y†is wjia:djkays ° rdcld¯ wLKavj mj;ajdf.k
hdfï ie,eiau
f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j iy f;dr;=re
;dlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska meje;ajQ y†is
wjia:djkays ° rdcld˙ wLKavj mj;ajdf.k hdfï
mqyqKq lghq;= i|yd wdrlaIl fiajd fomdr®;fïka;=j
il%Shj iyNd.s úh'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
26'2 mqyqKqùï
^w& .sks wk;=re je<elaùu" .sks ksùu iy m%:udOdr
jevigyka
uy nexl=fõ ishÆu fomdr®;fïka;=j,ska f;dard
.kakd ,o ishÆu .sks wk;=re wdrlaIK ks,Od¯ka
i|yd fld<U uy k.r iNdfõ .sks ksùï
fomdr®;fïka;=j" Ydka; fcdaka .s,ka r: fiajdj
iy wdm∞ l<ukdlrK uOHia:dkfha iyfhda.h
we;sj .sks je<elaùu" .sks ksùu" m%:udOdr iy
wdm∞ l<ukdlrK ms<sn|j †k foll mD:q,
jevigykla mj;ajk ,°' óg wu;rj udr®;= ui °
Y%S ,xld .=jka yuq∞j iy fld<U .sks ksùï tallh
iu.ska Y%S ,xld uy nexl= uQ,ia:dkfha iuia;
fiajd kshqla;slhska Wfoid .sks ksùfï iy .sks
wk;=re irU fmryqrejla o mj;ajk ,°'
^wd& l=i,;d yd olaI;d Tmakexùu
wdrlaIl ks,Od¯kaf.a l=i,;d yd olaI;d
Tmakexùu i|yd jeo.;a ia:dkj, wdrlaIdj
iemhSu" m%N+ wdrlaIdj iemhSu" wdrlaIl m˙jdr
rdcld¯ iy uyck iïnkaO;d hk úIhhka
we;=<;a †k foll fkajdisl jevuqΩjla cd;sl
jeú,s l<ukdld˙;aj wdh;kfha † wdrlaIl
ks,Od¯ka 29 fofkl= i|yd mj;ajk ,°' wdrlaIl
ks,Od¯kaf.a l=i,;djh jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd
wdrlaIl fiajd fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska wOHdmksl
jevigyka lsysmhla o ms<sfh, lrk ,°' fuu
wOHhk jevigyka wdrlaIl" f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh"
wNsfm%arK wdl,am m˙jr®;k me;slv" md˙fNda.sl
iïnkaO;d iy kdhl;aj mqyqKqj wd° m%Odk wxY
wdjrKh lrk ,°'
^we& wú m˙yrKh iy „j fjä mqyqKqj
Y%S ,xld hqO yuq∞fõ iyfhda.h we;sj ishÆu
wdrlaIl ks,Od¯ka i|yd wú m˙yrKh iy ‚j
fjä ;eîfï mqyqKqjla jr®Ifha wjidk ldr®;=fõ °
,nd fok ,°'
27' ld¾h uKav, fiajd l<ukdlrK
ldr®huKav, fiajd l<ukdlrK fomdr®;fïka;=j
^ld'fia'l& iqNidOk myiqlï ldr®hlaIuj iy M,∞hS
f,i m%;s,dNSka fj; ,nd °ug 2016 jir ;=< ° o mshjr
.kakd ,°' ldr®huKav, ksjdi ^Wlia& Kh iemhSu"
wr®:idOl wruqo,a Kh l%uh iy ldr®h uKav, iqNidOk
Kh l%uh hgf;a Kh ,nd °u" fiajH ∞hl ffjoH
m%;s,dN l%uh hgf;a ffjoH úhoï m%;smQrKh ls¯u"
ffjoH uOHia:dk myiqlï iy wdmkYd,d myiqlï
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
iemhSu fuu fiajdjkaj,g wh;a úh' 2016 jir wjidk
jk úg fiajd kshqla;hka" úY%dñlhka" jekaoUqjka" jekaoUqq
mqreIhka yd ,shd†xÑ hefmkakkaf.ka iukaú; ffjoH
m%;s,dN l%uh hgf;a ,shdm†xÑ uqΩ m%;s,dNSka ixLHdj
10"000 la muK úh'
2016 jir ;=< °" ld'fia'l' fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
wr®:idOl wruqo,a iy ldr®huKav, iqNidOk Kh
l%uhka hgf;a jdyk Kh" m˙.Kl Kh" fjk;a Kh
iy ksjdi Kh we;=Ω uqΩ Kh 2"188 la m%∞kh lrk ,°'
wh≥ïlre úiska w∞< ishÆu ,shlshú,s iys;j b†˙m;a
lrkq ,enQ wh≥ïm;a i|yd kshñ; †k .Kk we;=<;
Kh ksl=;a ls¯ug fomdr®;fïka;=j mshjr f.k we;'
ld'fia'l' fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska y∫kajd fokq ,enQ
Kh wëlaIK l%uh u.ska jvd;a ldr®hlaIuj fiajd
kshqla;hkag Kh ,nd °u wëlaIKh ls¯ug yels úh'
f;dr;=re ;dlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ iydh we;sj
wr®:idOl wruqo,a Kh" SLIPS l%uh u.ska wh≥ïlref.a
nexl= .sKqug ner ls¯u wdrïN lrk ,°'
uy nexl= wdmkYd,dj u.ska nexl= ldr®h uKav,hg
wdydr iemhSfï ldr®hh ;j≥rg;a ldr®hlaIu ls¯ug
mshjr .kakd ,°' ;jo" fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska mj;ajk
,o iólaIKfhka ,o m%;sM, wkqj" wdmkYd,d u.ska
.=Kd;aul wdydr ,nd °u iy f;a iemhSu fiajd
kshqla;hka úiska by<ska w.h fldg we;' 2016 jir ;=<
° wdmkYd,d myiqlï fukau wdmkYd,d ;=< m˙irh
;j;a jeä†hqKq ls¯ug wjYH ishÆ uQ,sl úêúOdk ilia
lrk ,°'
ishÆu ,shdm†xÑ m%;s,dNSka i|yd ffjoH m%;s,dN
l%uh hgf;a ffjoH úhoï m%;smQrKh ld'fia'l'
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska fkdlvjd l%shd;aul lrk ,°'
miq.sh jirg idfmalaIj 2016 jr®Ifha ° m%;smQrKh lrk
,o uqΩ ffjoH úhoï m%udKh ishhg ;sia y;rlska
^ishhg 34& by< f.dia we;' uqo,a uKav,fha wkque;sh
u; ffjoH m%;s,dN l%ufha ysñlï iSudjka 2016'01'01
†k isg n,meje;afjk m˙† jeä lrk ,°' ffjoH
uOHia:dkh u.ska imhkq ,nk ffjoH myiqlï" ms<s.;a
fm!oa.,sl wdfrda.H Yd,djla u.ska ;j≥rg;a uy nexl=
fiajd kshqla;hka fj; ldr®hd, fõ,djka ;=< ° imhk
,°' ;jo" idOdrK ñ, .Kka hgf;a ffjoH m¯laIK iy
ridhkd.dr fiajd myiqlï o ffjoH uOHia:dkh ;=<ska
is≥ ls¯ug o mshjr .kakd ,°' fi!LH fiajdjka iïkaOj
fiajd kshqla;hka ±kqïj;a ls¯fï jevigyka ;=kla ^03&
i,ld n,k jr®Ih ;=< ° ld'fia'l' fomdr®;fïka;=j
u.ska ixúOdkh lrk ,°' 2016 cqks ui fiajd kshqla;hka
i|yd fi!LH l|jqrla idr®:l f,i mj;ajk ,°'
II fldgi - 123
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
28' ixLHdk
2016 jifr®° o ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j YS% ,xld
uy nexl=fõ uQ,sl wruqKq idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd
wdr®®:ßl yd ñ, ia:dhS;dj mj;ajd .ekSfï mr®Ioh ;=<
tys ldr®hhka M,∞hSj bgq lrñka wLKavj ∞hl úh'
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ m%Odk ldr®hNdr®hhka jYfhka" wdlD;s
yd wdlD;s fkdjk l%ufõo Ndú;fhka fláld,Sk
m%Odk idr®j wdr®®:ßl úp,Hhka weia;fïka;= ls¯u yd
mqfrdal:kh ls¯u· wfkl=;a fomdr®;fïka;= yd tlaj
mqfrdal:k yd m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIK moaO;sh (Forecasting
and Policy Analysis System- FPAS), fíishdkq ffoYsl
iajm%;smdhkh (Bayesian Vector Autoregression -
BVAR) iy idOl mokï lr.;a ffoYsl iajm%;smdhkh
(Factor Augmented Vector Autoregression - FAVAR)
jeks jvd †hqKq Ys,am l%u Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka idr®j
wdr®®:ßl wdlD;s ksr®udKh ls¯u· ñ, yd fõ;k or®Yl"
YS% ,xld fi!Nd.H or®Ylh yd m<d;a uÜgñka o<
foaYSh ksIamd†;h iïmdokh ls¯u· °mjHdma; o;a;
tla/ia ls¯fï jev igyk jeks m%d:ñl o;a; uQ,dY%
yd wfkl=;a oaú;ShSl o;a; uQ,dY% yryd o;a; tl;=
ls¯u yd ieliSu· iólaIK meje;aùu iy tfia
tla/ia lrk ,o o;a; Ndú;fhka uqo,a m%;sm;a;s ;SrK
.ekSfï ls%hdj,shg ∞hl ùu i|yd wdr®:ßluh jYfhka
jeo.;a b†˙ ±laulska hqla; or®Yl ieliSu· m%ldYk yd
mqj;am;a ksfõok u.ska ixLHdxl yd f;dr;=re ld,Skj
ksl=;a ls¯u· m%:ufhka wNHka;rj mj;ajdf.k hkq
,enQ kuq;a bka wk;=rej fmd≥ ck;djg ksl=;a l<
o;a; ixÑ;h l<ukdlrKh iy mj;ajdf.k hEu· iy
m%Odk f.da,Sh fY%a◊.; ls¯ïys YS% ,xldfõ ia:dkh by<
kexùu i|yd ∞hl ùu wd†h ie,lsh yelsh' óg wu;rj
w∞< jr®Ih ;=< ° ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j" foaYSh yd
cd;Hka;r wdh;khkays Od˙;d jr®Ok jevigyka i|yd
iïm;a ∞hl;ajh o imhk ,°'
28'1 m%Odk id¾j wd¾Ól úp,H mqfrdal:kh lsÍu
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ uQ,sl wruqKla jk wdr®®:ßl yd
ñ, ia:dhS;dj mj;ajd .ekSu fjkqfjka ixLHdk
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska md˙fNda.sl ñ, WoaOukh
yd wdr®:ßl jr®Okh ms<sn| fláld,Sk mqfrdal:k
is≥ fl˙◊' rfgys uqo,a m%;sm;a;s iïmdokh ls¯u
i|yd" fuu mqfrdal:k uqo,a m%;sm;a;s lñgqjg
iy uqo,a uKav,hg fhduqlrk ,°' ;j≥rg;a"
md˙fNda.sl ñ, .Kkaj, úp,k u; mokï jQ" WoaOukh
flfrys n,mdk úp,Hhkays i;Hh iy m%;HlaI
fjkiaùï wkqj iy fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska ls%hd;aul
lrk iólaIK yryd fidhd.kakd fhojqï iy
ksuejqïj, ñ, jr®Ok wkqj WoaOukh ms<sn| mqfrdal:k
ksr;=re hdj;ald,Sk lrkq ,efí'
II fldgi - 124
II fldgi
mqfrdal:k ld,rduqj u; mokïj" WoaOukh mqfrdal:k
ls¯fï l%u .Kkdjla Ndú;d flfr®' fláld,Sk
mqfrdal:k i|yd uQ,sl jYfhka" uE;ld,Sk ñ, m%jK;d
iy fj<|fmd< jr®Ok wdY%s; fláld,Sk ñ, .Kkaj,
wfmalaIs; úp,k mokï lr .efka' ue† yd †.=ld,Sk
mqfrdal:k i|yd wdr®:ßlñ;sl l%ufõo mokï lr
.efkk w;r" iemhqï iy b,aÆï hk fomdr®Yjfhkau
WoaOukhg n,mdk nj fmkakqï lrk kj úp,Hh
ms<sn| ksrka;rfhka wOHhkh lrkq ,efí' fuys °
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ mqfrdal:k iy m%;sm;a;s
úYaf,aIK moaO;sh i|yd mqfrdal:k wdlD;s lsysmhla
f.dvke.Su i|yd wdr®®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
iu. tlaj ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ∞hl;ajh
,ndfok ,°'
fjkiajk úhoï rgdjg .e<fmk m˙† iy fj<|fmdf<a
mj;sk NdKav yd fiajdj, fjkiaùï ksfhdackh ls¯u
i|yd" ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylfha mokï
jr®Ih 2006$07 isg 2013 olajd hdj;ald,Sk lrk
,°' ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
kj mokï jr®Ih hgf;a ilia l< fld<U
md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh ^2013}100& 2017 jifr® ckjd˙
ui ° ksl=;a lrk ,°' ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j kj
or®Ylhg .e<fmk m˙† mqfrdal:k l%u kej; ilia
lrk ,°' ta w;r" m%;sm;a;s ieliqï wjYH;d i|yd cd;sl
md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh iy fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ,
or®Yl foflysu ñ, m%jK;d ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska wLKavj ks¯laIKh lrkq ,efí'
tla tla Wm ls%hdldrlïj,g w∞< m%d:ñl yd
oaú;ShSl o;a; Ndú;d lrñka o< foaYSh ksIamd†;h
^o'foa'ks'& ldr®;=uh jYfhka mqfrdal:kh lrkq ,eîh'
wdr®®:ßl or®Yl mokï lr.;a mqfrdal:k i|yd wdr®®:ßlfha
Wm ls%hdldrlïj,g w∞< m%uqL wdr®®:ßl or®Yl" iólaIK
;=<ska ,nd.;a f;dr;=re iy wfkl=;a wdr®®:ßl f;dr;=re
mokï lr.kq ,nk w;r mqfrdal:khkays ksrjoH;djh
jeä †hqKq ls¯u msKsi fhd∞.kakd wdlD;Ska u; mokï
jQ w∞< ixLHdkuh l%ufõohka o mqfrdal:k i|yd
Wmfhda.S lr .kq ,efí' ;jo" ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 jr®Ih mokï lr cd;sl
.sKqï iïmdokh ls¯u;a iu.u y∫kajd fok ,o wdr®®:ßl
lghq;= jr®.SlrKhg wkql+,j ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
wdr®®:ßl or®Yl mokï lr.;a mqfrdal:k ls%hdj,sh o
hdj;ald,Sk lrk ,°' ta wkqj iólaIKj,ska iy ndysr
wdh;kj,ska ,nd.;a f;dr;=re u; mokïj ilid.;a
kj or®Yl" mqfrdal:k ls%hdj,sh i|yd we;=<;a lr.kakd
,°'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ish fomdr®;fïka;=j
;=< is≥ lrkq ,nk mqfrdal:k ls%hdj,shg wu;rj"
wdr®®:ßl mr®fhaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j iu`. tlaj
cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,a ;dlaI◊l iydh iys;j
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ mqfrdal:k yd m%;sm;a;s úYaf,aIK
moaO;sh (FPAS) ia:dmkh ls¯u i|yd iïnkaO úh' fuu
rduqj ;=< o'foa'ks' iy WoaOukh we;=<;a idr®j wdr®:ßl
úp,kj, uOHld,Sk mqfrdal:k i|yd kj flakaishdkq
újD; wdr®®:ßl wdlD;shla ilia lrk ,°' w∞< we.hSï
lghq;=j,ska wk;=rej fuu wdlD;sh uqo,a m%;sm;a;s
úYaf,aIKh i|yd fhd∞.efkkq we;' óg wu;rj
o'foa'ks' yd WoaOukh i|yd fláld,Sk mqfrdal:khka
is≥ ls¯ug" idOl mokï lr.;a ffoYsl iajm%;smdhk
wdlD;shla (FAVAR) iy fíishdkq ffoYsl iajm%;smdhk
wdlD;shla (BVAR) ksr®udKh lrk ,°'
28'2 ñ, yd jegqma o¾Yl .Kkh lsÍu
ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska wr®O jdr®Islj bvï ñ,
or®Ylh .Kkh ls¯u fkdlvjd is≥ l< w;r ta i|yd
fld<U" foysj," fydaud.u" lvqfj, iy leianEj hk
m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdij,g wh;a Wm fldÜGdi 51la
i|yd jk ;lafiare o;a;" ;lafiare fomdr®;fïka;=j
u.ska ,nd .efka' fkajdisl" jd◊c iy ldr®ñl hk wxY
wdjrKh lrñka or®Yl ;=kla iïmdokh lrkq ,nk
w;r tu or®Yl ;=fkys ir, idudkHh ;=<ska iuia;
bvï ñ, or®Ylh .Kkh lrkq ,nhs' óg wu;rj foam<
ñ, or®Ylhkays wdjrK m:h jeä †hqKq ls¯u i|yd ±kg
mj;akd or®Yl" N+f.da,Sh jYfhka iy l%ufõ° jYfhka
hk fohdldrfhkau jeä †hqKq ls¯u iy fkajdisl foam<
fj<|fmdf<ys jr®Okhka .%yKh lr .ekSu i|yd kj
or®Yl y∫kajd °u i|yd ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j uQ,sl
mshjr lsysmhla ;nd we;' fï wkqj l<ukdld˙;ajh
±kqj;a ls¯u ms◊i iydêm;H foam< fj<|fmdf<ys ñ,
úp,khka wëlaIKh ls¯u i|yd 2016 jifr® ° fld<U
†ia;s%lalh wdjrKh lrñka ñ, or®Ylhla iïmdokh
lrk ,°'
ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska wdr®®:ßlfha jegqma iy
fõ;kj, úp,k uekSu i|yd jegqma m%udK or®Yl
.Kkh lrkq ,efí' fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska rdcH wxYfha
fiajlhkaf.a kdñl iy uQr®; jegqma m%udK or®Yl .Kkh
lrkq ,nhs' lïlre fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska iïmdokh
lrkq ,nk" mä md,l iNdj, fiajlhkaf.a kdñl
jegqma m%udK or®Ylh mokïj úêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha
uQr®; jegqma m%udK or®Yl .Kkh lrkq ,nhs' °m jHdma;
o;a; /ials¯fï jevms<sfj< u.ska /ialrkq ,nk o;a;
mokï lrf.k ilikq ,nk wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha
jegqma m%udK or®Yl u.ska" wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha
jegqma úp,k úYaf,aIKh lrkq ,efí' úêu;a fm!oa.,sl
wxYfha fiajlhkaf.a jegqma m%jK;d ksrEmKh ls¯u
i|yd kj or®Yl iïmdokh ls¯fï ldr®hhg ixLHdk
fomdr®;fïka;=j uq,mqrd we;'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
28'3 YS% ,xld fi!Nd.H o¾Ylh .Kkh lsÍu
ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j 2015 jir i|yd o iuia;
rfgys fukau tla tla m<d;a jYfhka fi!Nd.H
;;a;ajh uek ne,Sfï iy ixikaokh ls¯fï ixhqla;
or®Ylhla jk YS% ,xld fi!Nd.H or®Ylh iïmdokh
lrk ,°' fuu or®Ylh" m<d;a uÜgñka wdr®®:ßl yd
iud„h m%.ukh ksrEmKh lrk úp,Hhka 42la fhd∞
.ksñka .Kkh lrkq ,nkakd jQ wdr®:ßl yd jHdmdr
m˙irh" ck „ú;fha hy meje;au iy iudc wdr®®:ßl
há;, myiqlï hk Wmor®Yl ;=klska iukaú; fjhs'
2014 jifr® isg YS% ,xld fi!Nd.H or®Ylh ieliSfï
°" f,.gï fi!Nd.H or®Ylh .Kkh ls¯fï l%ufõoh
iómj wkq.ukh lrkq ,nk kj l%ufõohla Ndú;d
lrk w;r tys ° o;a; idudkHlrKh fjkqjg ishÆu
úp,Hhka tllska wksflys wkqmd;hla f,i .ekSu
i|yd iïu;lrKh lrkq ,nhs' rfgys iuia;
fi!Nd.Hh ksrEmKh lrk fuu or®Ylfhys
ksrEmH;djh jeä ls¯fï wruqK iys;j" fhd∞.kakd
úp,Hhka iy l%ufõoh jeä †hqKq ls¯u ms<sn|j ixLHdk
fomdr®;fïka;=j" ksrka;r úuis,af,ka miq fjhs' ta wkqj
2016 jir ;=< ° or®Ylfha .=Kd;aulNdjh jeä†hqKq
lrñka" úêu;a wxYfha fiajd kshqla;slhka iuia; fiajd
kshqla;slhkaf.a m%;sY;hla f,i .Kkh ls¯u i|yd
kj úp,Hhla wdr®®:ßl yd jHdmdr m˙irh Wmor®Ylh
ieliSfï ° Wmfhda.S lr .kakd ,°'
28'4 m<d;a o< foaYSh ksIamdokh .Kkh lsÍu
ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j" ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk
fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska weia;fïka;= lrk ,o o< foaYSh
ksIamd†;h m<d;a wkqj úfNaokh u.ska 2015 jir i|yd
jQ kdñl m<d;a o< foaYSh ksIamd†;h .Kkh ls¯u yd
m%ldYhg m;a ls¯u is≥ lrk ,°' fuys° m<d;a uÜgug
w∞< or®Yl Ndú;d lrñka o< foaYSh ksIamd†;fha iEu
whs;uhlu w.hka fn∞ fjka lrkq ,nhs' 2015 jir
i|yd jQ ixLHdxl iy 2014 jir i|yd jQ ixfYdaê;
weia;fïka;= w.h" 2016 jifr® wf.daia;= ui m%ldYhg
m;a lrk ,°' ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j" weia;fïka;=
w.hkays úYajikSh;ajh jeä †hqKq ls¯u i|yd" m<d;a
uÜgñka cd;sl o;a; fn∞ fjka l< yels fhda.H
or®Yl ms<sn|j ksrka;r wOHhkhl fhfoñka isáhs'
óg wkqrEmj 2016 jifr® ° or®Ylhkays .=Kd;aulNdjh
;j≥rg;a jeä lrñka" i;a;aj ksIamdok ls%hdldrlïys
fkdksñ jev lDIsldr®ñl wxYh i|yd tl;= ls¯u¦ NdKav
iy u.Ska m%jdykfha ° iuia; isú,a .=jka fiajd iy
NdKav yeisrùï i|yd .nvd myiqlï o we;=<;a jk m˙†
fiajd wxYh mqΩ,a ls¯u¦ iy lr®udka; wxYfha b†ls¯ï
i|yd jvd;au fhda.H úp,Hhka w∞< jr®Ih ;=< °
Wmfhda.S lr .ekSu is≥ lrk ,°'
II fldgi - 125
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
28'5 ixLHdk iólaIK isÿ lsÍu
jr®;udk wdr®:ßl ;;a;ajhka iy fláld,Sk fj<|fmd<
m%jK;d wdjrKh ls¯u i|yd jHdmdr wfmalaId ms<sn|
iólaIKh 2016 jir ;=< ° o wLKavj ls%hd;aul lrk
,°' fuu iólaIKh wdr®®:ßlfha b†˙ m%jK;d ms<sn|j
mQr®j ±kqï°fï or®Ylhla f,i ls%hd lrhs' wdr®®:ßlfha
m%Odk ls%hdldrlï ^lDIsldr®ñl" ldr®ñl yd fiajd&
ksfhdackh lrk uyd m˙udK jHdmdr tall fuu
iólaIKfha b,lal.; ix.ykh fõ' fuu iólaIKh"
jir ;=< isõ j;djla ldr®;=uh jYfhka mj;ajk ,o w;r
tys m%;sM, u; mokïj jHdmdr ;;a;ajh" ,dN∞hS;ajh"
mqyqKq Y%uh WmfhdacH;djh" úl=Kqï" b,aÆu yd Od˙;d
WmfhdacH;djh hk jHdmdr u;h ms<sn| jQ or®Yl .Kkh
lrk ,°' w∞< iólaIK m%;sM, uqo,a m%;sm;a;s lñgqjg
b†˙m;a lrk w;r idudkH uyck;djf.a ±kqïj;a ùu
ms◊i idrdxY.; m%;sM, ldr®;=uh jYfhka YS% ,xld uy
nexl=fõ fjí wvúfha m< lrk ,°'
Kh fj<|fmdf<a b,aÆu iy iemhqu ms<sn| m%jK;d
wOHhkh ls¯fï wruq◊ka Kh ;;a;ajh ms<sn| wr®O
jdr®Isl iólaIKh 2016 jir ;=< ° o wLKavj ls%hd;aul
lrk ,°' Kh b,aÆu ms<sn| m%jK;d y∫kd.ekSug
Kh b,aÆu ms<sn| iólaIKh o" Kh iemhqu ms<sn|
m%jK;d y∫kd.ekSug Kh iemhqu ms<sn| iólaIKh o"
jYfhka fuu iólaIKh fldgia follska iukaú; fõ'
Kh iemhqu ms<sn| iólaIKh ishÆ n,m;%,dNS jdKsc
nexl= iy úfYaIs; n,m;%,dNS nexl= wdjrKh lrkq
,nhs' wdr®®:ßlfha iqΩ yd uOH m˙udK jHdmdr tAll
Kh b,aÆu ms<sn| iólaIKfha b,lal.; ix.ykh
fõ' fuu iólaIKh niakdysr m<d; ;=< fukau YS%
,xld uy nexl=fõ m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd,j,ska wdjrKh jk
m<d;a ;=< o ls%hd;aulj mj;S' fuu iólaIKfha m%;sM,
wr®O jdr®Isl mokñka m%;sm;a;suh ;SrK .ekSu i|yd
l<ukdld˙;ajh fj; jdr®;d lrkq ,eîh'
ksIamdok yd fiajd lghq;=j,g w∞<j .ekqï
l<ukdlrejkaf.a or®Ylh udislj iïmdokh lrkq
,enQ w;r tu.ska jD;a;Sh .ekqïlrejka" jHdmdr
ms<sn|j ;SrK .kakka yd wdr®®:ßl úYaf,aIlhkag
lr®udka; lghq;=j, mj;akd ;;a;ajh ms<sn|j ukd
wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug Wmld¯ jk" iy ksIamdok iy
fiajd lghq;=j, ls%hdld˙;ajh ms<sn|j mQr®j ±kqï°fï
or®Ylhla f,i Ndú;d l< yels w;sfr®l yd ld,Sk o;a;
,nd °u wruqKq flfr®' fuu iólaIKfha ° ksIamdok
lr®udka; lghq;=j,g w∞<j .ekqï l<ukdlrK
or®Yl iólaIKfhys b,lal.; ix.ykh f,i m%Odk
jYfhka niakdysr m<df;a ia:dk.; ù we;s ksIamdok
lr®udka;hkays .ekqï l<ukdlrejka we;=<;a jk w;r
wdh;k 100 l kshe†hla b,lal lr .ksñka iEu uilu
wjidk i;sh ;=< ° fuu iólaIKh is≥ lrkq ,nhs'
iólaIKfha ksIamdok lr®udka; lghq;= i|yd Wmor®Yl
f,i kj weKjqï" ksIamd†;h" fiajd kshqla;sh" weKjqula
II fldgi - 126
II fldgi
iemhSug iemhqïlrejkag .; jk ld,h iy .ekqï
f;d.o" fiajd lghq;= i|yd Wm or®Yl f,i kj jHdmdr
lghq;=" jHdmdr ls%hdldrlï" fiajd kshqla;sh" ksu ls¯ug
kshñ; ldr®hhka iy jHdmdr ls%hdldrlï iïnkaO b†˙
wfmalaIdjka o we;=<;a jk m˙† fmr udihg wkqrEmj
udisl m%jK;djhka ksrEmKh jk or®Ylhka .Kkh
lrkq ,enQ w;r" w∞< m%;sM, m%;sm;a;suh ;SrK .ekSfï
ls%hdj,shg ∞hl lr .ekSu i|yd by< l<ukdld˙;ajhg
iy uqo,a m%;sm;a;s lñgqjg jdr®;d lrk ,°' ksIamdok
ñ, m%jK;d y∫kd .ekSfï wruqfKka" 2016 cQ,s ui isg
.ekqï l<ukdlrejkaf.a or®Ylfha ksIamdok lr®udka;
lghq;= i|yd kj Wmor®Ylhla f,i §úl=Kqï ñ,¶
we;=<;a lrk ,°' .ekqï l<ukdlrejkaf.a or®Yl
idudkH uyck;djf.a ±kqïj;a ùu ms◊i 2016 cqks ui
isg udislj YS% ,xld uy nexl= fjí wvúfha m< lrk
,°'
WoaOuk wfmalaId ms<sn| iólaIKh" 2006 jifr® isg
ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska udislj mj;ajk ,°'
jr®;udkfha °" fuu iólaIKh i|yd jHdmd˙l iy
.Dyia: hk fowxYfha m%;spdr olajkakka wka;r®.;
fõ' 2016 jifr® ° ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska fuu
iólaIKhg w∞< kshe† hdj;ald,Sk ls¯ug lghq;=
lrk ,°' m%;spdr olajkakka úiska jr®;udk WoaOuk
;;a;ajh fukau b†˙ udi 12 l ld,h ;=< ° wfmalaIs;
WoaOukh ms<sn| m%udKd;aul yd .=Kd;aul f;dr;=re
imhkq ,efí' iólaIKfha m%;sM, uqo,a m%;sm;a;s lñgqjg
iy uqo,a uKav,hg udislj jdr®;d lrk ,°'
rfgys rdcH wxYfha fiajd kshqla;sfhys m%jK;d ksr®Kh
ls¯u i|yd" rdcH wxYfha ishÆu wdh;k wdjrKh jk
m˙† rdcH wxYfha fiajd kshqla;sh ms<sn| iólaIKh
wr®O jdr®Islj mj;ajk ,°' ;jo" Y%u n,ldh yd Y%u
fj<|fmd< ms<sn|j tla/ia l< f;dr;=re rfgys fiajd
kshqla;sh" fiajd úhqla;sh" úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh" lïlre
in|;d" Y%u fj<|fmd< m%;sixialrK iy Y%u M,∞hs;dj
hk ldKav hgf;a úYaf,aIKh lrk ,°' w∞< m%;sm;a;s
iïmdokhg iydh ùula f,i" cd;sl iy wka;r®cd;sl
wdh;k iu. wfkHdakH jYfhka o;a; yqjudre lr
.ekSfï l%ufõohla ls%hd;aul úh'
ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska" YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ
wfkl=;a fomdr®;fïka;= iy fjk;a ndysr mdr®Yj
lsysmhla o iu. taldnoaOj" 2017 jir i|yd jQ f,dal
nexl= f.da,Sh uQ,H wka;r®.;Ndjh iy md˙fNda.sl
wdrlaIK iólaIKh (Financial Inclusion and Consumer
Protection - FICP) ksu ls¯u i|yd ∞hl ùu is≥lrk ,°'
fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fi!LH fiajd lghq;=j, m%jK;djhka
y∫kd .ekSfï wruqfKka or®Ylhla f.dvke.Su i|yd
ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska fuu jir ;=< °
fm!oa.,sl wxYfhys fi!LH fiajd lghq;= ms<sn|
iólaIKhla wdrïN lrk ,°' fuys° fm!oa.,sl wxYfha
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
fi!LHh fiajd lghq;= ksfhdackh i|yd iq≥iq kshe†hla
y∫kd .ekSfï wruqfKka 2016 jifr® isõjk ldr®;=fõ
° ix.Kkhla u.ska fm!oa.,sl frday,a iy ffjoH
uOHia:dkj,ska m%;sldr ,nd.;a frda.Ska ixLHdj ms<sn|j
o;a; /ialrk ,°' ta wkqj fm!oa.,sl frday,a iy ffjoH
uOHia:dkj,ska udislj m%;sldr ,nd .kakd ,o ndysr
frda.Ska .Kk yd fkajdisl frda.Ska .Kk ldr®;=uh
jYfhka fuu iólaIKh u.ska tla/ia lr w∞< or®Ylh
ilia ls¯ug ie,iqï lr we;'
28'6
§m jHdma; o;a; /ialsÍfï jev ms<sfj<
mßmd,kh lsÍu
1978 jifr® ° wdrïN lrk ,o °m jHdma; o;a; /ials¯fï
jev ms<sfj< 2016 jifr® °;a wLKavj ls%hd;aul jQ w;r
ta yryd md˙fNda.sl NdKavj, ñ, .Kka" lDIsldr®ñl
yd u;aiH ksIamdokj, ksIamdol ñ, .Kka" wúêu;a
fm!oa.,sl wxYfha ffoksl jegqma iy lDIsldr®ñl yd
u;aiH ksIamdokj, wfmalaIs; wkd.; ksIamdok uÜgï hk
f;dr;=re i;sm;d" udiam;d yd ldr®;=uh jYfhka l%ñlj
/ialrkq ,nhs' †jhsk mqrd uOHia:dk 106la i|yd o;a;
iólaIljre f,i lghq;= lrk rcfha mdi,aj, .=rejreka
yryd o;a; /ials¯fï ls%hdj,sh is≥ lrkq ,nhs' óg wu;rj"
msgfldgqj fj<|fmd<" ur|.yuq, iy,a fj<|fmd<"
oUq,a, iy kdrdfyakamsg úfYaI wdr®®:ßl uOHia:dk iy
ó.uqj yd mE,shf.dv udΩ fj<|fmd< hk ia:dkj,ska
f;d. iy is,a,r ñ, .Kka ffokslj yd i;sm;d
/ials¯u i|yd o;a; iólaIljreka 6 fofkl=f.a
fiajh o fuu jev ms<sfj< i|yd fhd∞ .efka' ;jo
l<ukdlrK f;dr;=re moaO;sh Yla;su;a ls¯u i|yd
fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska f;dard.;a fj<|fmd<j,ska wdydr
øjHh lsysmhl f;d. iy is,a,r ñ, .Kka ffokslj
/ia ls¯u is≥ flfr®'
fuu jevms<sfj< hgf;a tla /ia lrkq ,nk ñ, yd
jegqma iïnkaO o;a;j, R;=uh úp,khka iy m%dfoaYSh
fjkialï úfYaf,aIK ls¯u¦ ñ, or®Yl" m<d;a o< foaYSh
ksIamd†;h iy YS% ,xld fi!Nd.H or®Ylh iïmdokh
ls¯u¦ ñ, úp,k mqfrdal:kh ls¯u¦ wdr®®:ßl m%;sm;a;sj,
fjkialï u.ska ñ, u; we;s lrk n,mEu we.hSu¦
cd;sl wd∞hu yd úhou weia;fïka;= ls¯u iy ñ, yd
jegqma o;a; fmd≥ ck;dj fj; fn∞ye¯u jeks wruqKq
i|yd mqΩ,a jYfhka fhd∞ .kq ,nhs'
o;a; iólaIljreka úiska jdr®;d lrkq ,nk o;a;j,
ksrjoH nj yd ld,Sk nj mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd úêu;a
ia:dkSh iy ú;eka m¯laIK is≥ lrk ,°' ixLHdk
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ks,Od¯ka úiska fld<U †ia;%slalfha
f;dard.kakd ,o fj<|fmd<j,ska Rcqju /ia lrkq ,nk
ñ, .Kka u.ska fuu o;a;j, ksrjoH;djh ;j≥rg;a
;yjqre lr .kakd ,°'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
idudkH m˙ph wkqj hñka 2016 jifr® ° o °m jHdma;
o;a; /ia ls¯fï jevms<sfj< hgf;a" w;a±lSï fn∞
y∞ .ekSug" y∫kd.;a m%foaYj, ñ, jr®Okhkaf.a
fjkialï ms<sn| m%;spdr ,nd .ekSug iy jevms<sfj<g
w∞< fufyhqï .egÆ idlÉPd ls¯ug fld<U" ud;r"
wkqrdOmqr" uykqjr iy hdmkh hk m%foaYj, m%dfoaYSh
iïuka;%K 5la mj;ajk ,°' tfiau o;a; iólaIlhkaf.a
yelshdj by< kexùu o fuu iïuka;%K ud,dfõ
wruqKla úh'
fmr jirj, ° fukau o;a; /ials¯fï ls%hdj,sh jeä
†hqKq ls¯u i|yd uE;ld,Sk fj<|fmd< jr®Okhka
yd wdr®®:ßl ls%hdldrlïj,g wkqrEmj hdj;ald,Sk l<
o;a; /ials¯fï wdlD;Ska y∫kajd fok ,°' §fmr úuiqï
jevigyk¶ i|yd fhd∞ .kq ,nk o;a; wdlD;sh o fuu
jir ;=< ° jvd iúia;rd;aul jk m˙† iy Ndú;hg
myiq jk whq˙ka ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°' ;jo" o;a;
/ia ls¯u iy iïmdokh ls¯u läkï lrùfï ±laula
iys;j o;a; iólaIljreka úiska bf,lafg%dkslj o;a;
jdr®;d ls¯fï ls%hdj,sh ffOr®hu;a lrk ,o w;r uqΩ
o;a; iólaIljreka w;=˙ka 1$4 l muK ms˙ila 2016
jir ;=< ° fuu ls%hdj,sh i|yd wkq.; úh' ;j ≥rg;a
ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j kj ;dlaIKh Wmfhda.S lr
.ksñka o;a; läkñka /ials¯u iy ldr®hlaIuj ilia
ls¯u b,lal fldg f.k" mj;akd °m o;a; jevms<sfj<
m%;sixfYdaOkh ls¯ug ±kgu;a mshjr f.k we;'
28'7 f.da,Sh fYa%◊‚.; lsÍfï o¾Yl w;r YS% ,xldj
by< ia:dkhl mj;ajd .ekSu
§jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k hEfï myiqj¶ ms<sn| jk fYa%◊.;
ls¯u
miq.sh jir lsysmh fukau" ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska §jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k hEfï myiqj¶ ms<sn| jk
fY%a◊.; ls¯u ;=< YS% ,xldj by< ia:dkhl msysgqùu
i|yd ∞hl;ajhla olajk ;u m%h;akhka ;j ≥rg;a bgq
lrk ,°' wdfhdack m˙irh jeä †hqKq ls¯fï iuia;
wruqKg w∞<j m%;sixialrK ls%hdjg kexùu i|yd
2016 jifr® isg f,dal nexl=fjys ;dlaI◊l iydh ,nd
.kakd jQ kj ldr®hh ms<sfj<la" ixjr®Ok Wmdhudr®.
yd cd;Hka;r fj<| wud;HdxYh hgf;a msysgqjk ,°'
ta wkqj 2016 jifr® ° ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j" is≥
flfrk m%;sixialrKj, m%.;sh ms<sn| fidhd ne,Sug
w∞< rcfha wdh;k iu. ksrka;r idlÉPd meje;aùu¦
uE;ld,Sk m%jK;d ms<sn|j ±kqïj;a ls¯ug f;dr;=re
imhkakka i|yd /iaùï ixúOdkh ls¯u¦ fYa%◊.;
ls¯ug w∞< lafIa;%j, kshq;= rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl wxYj,
ks,Od¯ka iu. idlÉPd ls¯ug f,dal nexl= ¥; uKav,
i|yd myiqlï ie,iSu¦ fYa%◊.; ls¯ï ;=< rfgys
ia:dkh jeä †hqKq lr .ekSu yd iïnkaO jk cd;Hka;r
iïuka;%K i|yd YS% ,dxlsl iyNd.s;ajhg w∞< lghq;=
iïnkaëlrKh ls¯u iy b;du jeo.;a jYfhka fuu
fYa%◊.; ls¯u i|yd i,ld nef,k úp,Hhkag n,mdk
II fldgi - 127
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
f,i ls%hd;aul jQ ixfYdaOk ms<sn| f;dr;=re kshñ;
fõ,djg f,dal nexl=j fj; ,nd °u hkd†h is≥ lrkq
,eì◊'
wfkl=;a f.da,Sh fY%a◊Ks.; lsÍï
f.da,Sh or®Yl jk f,daljHdma; md,k or®Yl (Worldwide
Governance Indicators)" f.da,Sh ;r.ld˙;aj or®Ylh
(Global Competitiveness Index)" wdr®®:ßl iajdëk;d
or®Ylh (Index of Economic Freedom)" udkj ixjr®Ok
or®Ylh (Human Development Index)" f,dal wdr®®:ßl
iajdëk or®Ylh (Economic Freedom of the World Index)"
¥IK ms<sn| ixcdkk or®Ylh (Corruption Perceptions
Index)" fj<| lghq;= Yla;su;a ls¯fï or®Ylh (Enabling
Trade Index) iy wdr®®:ßl iyfhda.S;djh iy ixjr®Okh
i|yd jQ ixúOdkh (Organization for Economic
Co-operation and Development) u.ska is≥lrk yjq,aldr
rgj, wjodkï jr®.SlrKh ms<sn| we.hSï wLKavj
wëlaIKh lrñka fuu fYa%◊.; ls¯ï wkqj YS% ,xldjg
,eî we;s ia:dkh iy fYa%◊.; ls¯ïj, jr®Okhla we;s
lr .ekSu i|yd fhd∞ .; yels Wmdh udr®. ms<sn|
jdr®;d l<ukdld˙;ajhg iy wfkl=;a by< wêld¯ka
fj; wjYH m˙† ±kqï fok ,°' tfiau by; i|yka
or®Yl iïmdokh lrkq ,nk wdh;k fj; YS% ,xldj
ms<sn| idr®j wdr®®:ßl f;dr;=re i;sm;d fukau udislj
iemhSug lghq;= lrk ,°'
28'8 ixLHdk f;dr;=re fnodyeÍu
ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j jdr®Islj m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhka"
mr®fhaIlhka" Ydia;%{hka" jD;a;slhka" YsIHhka yd
uyck;dj fj; ld,Sk jeo.;alula we;s iudc wdr®®:ßl
o;a; mqΩ,a mrdihlska fn∞ y˙kq ,nhs' fuu jir
;=< ° fomdr®;fïka;=j" §YS% ,xldfõ wdr®®:ßl yd iudc
ixLHdk 2016 - XXXVIII fjΩu¶ wf.daia;= udifha
° o §YS% ,xldfõ iudc wdr®®:ßl o;a; 2016 - XXXIII
fjΩu¶ iema;eïnr® udifha ° o NdId ;s%;ajfhkau iy
bf,lafg%dksl udOHfhka m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,°' óg
wu;rj udiam;d iy i;sm;d wdr®®:ßl or®Yl m%ldYhg
m;a ls¯u wLKavj is≥ lrk w;ru rfgys fmd≥ ñ,
uÜgu flfrys ie,lsh hq;= n,mEula t,a, l< yels"
m%Odk fj<|fmd<j,ska ,nd.kakd ,o w;HjYH
wdydr øjH whs;uhkaf.a ñ, úp,khka úYaf,aIKh
Yla;su;a ls¯u i|yd f;dard.;a md˙fNda.sl whs;u
i|yd ffoksl ñ, jdr®;d ilia flfr®' 2016 jifr® isg
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ fjí wvúh yryd ffoksl ñ,
jdr®;dj m˙YS,kh i|yd fmd≥ ck;djg wjia:dj
i,iajd ° we;' ;jo uy nexl= jdr®;dfõ iy uE;ld,Sk
wdr®®:ßl m%jK;d m%ldYkh i|yd m˙Éf√o follg iy
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ udisl újr◊ldj i|yd ixLHdk
fomdr®;fïka;=j ∞hl;ajh olajkq ,eîh'
II fldgi - 128
II fldgi
;jo" ixLHdk fomdr®;fïka;=j" o;a; m˙YS,lhkaf.a
myiqj ms◊i bf,lafg%dksl o;a; ixÑ;hla ia:dms; ls¯u
i|yd uQ,drïNl lghq;= iy iïnkaëlrK lghq;= is≥
l< w;r f;dr;=re ;dlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ;dlaI◊l
iydh we;sj 2016 jir ;=< ° fuu ixÑ;h wNHka;r
m˙YS,kh i|yd †h;a lrk ,°' fuu o;a; ixÑ;h YS%
,xld uy nexl=fõ fomdr®;fïka;= 9 lg w∞< uQr®;" uqo,a"
rdcH uQ,H" úfoaY iy uQ,H hk wxY wdjrKh lrk
úúO ud;Dld hgf;a jk ld, fYa%◊ o;a;j,ska iukaú;
jvd;a iúia;rd;aul o;a; .nvdjls' tys o;a; wjYH m˙†
f;dard .ekSu" ixLHd igyka ilia ls¯u" nd.; ls¯u
iy wkd.; m˙YS,kh i|yd .nvd ls¯u jeks úúO
wjYH;djhka i|yd myiqlï i,id we;' ;j≥rg;a jeä
†hqKq lrk ,o fuu o;a; ixÑ;h YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ
fjí wvúh ;=<ska uyck;dj fj; ksl=;a ls¯ug 2017
jir wdrïNfha ° lghq;= lr we;'
29' laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK
2006 wxl 6 ork laIqøuQ,H mk; ^laIqøuQ,H mk;&
m%ldrj laIqøuQ,H jHdmdr kshdukh iy wëlaIKh
i|yd laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
msysgqjk ,°' laIqøuQ,H jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k hEug
wjYH n,m;%h ,nd .ekSu i|yd ,efnk wh≥ïm;a
m¯laId ls¯u" jHjia:dms; m¯laId iy ú;eka m¯laId
u.ska n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ï wëlaIKh ls¯u"
n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ï wdY%s;j we;sjk .egÆ
iy tajdfha m%.;sh ms<sn|j uqo,a uKav,hg ksr;=rej
jdr®;d ls¯u" n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ï fj; ¯;s
iy úOdk ksl=;a ls¯u" n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ï
i|yd kshduk wkque;sh ,nd °u" n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H
iud.ïj, n,m;%h wfydais ls¯u iy wEjr ls¯u" laIqøuQ,H
rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk ,shdm†xÑh iy wëlaIKh
i|yd iafõÉPd iudc fiajd ixúOdk fr‚iag%dr®jrhd
^fr‚iag%dr®jrhd& fj; m%;sm;a;s" m%ñ;s iy udr®f.damfoaY
ksl=;a ls¯u" laIqøuQ,H wxYh ms<sn| mr®fhaIK ls¯u iy
mqyqKq jevigyka iy uyck ±kqj;a ls¯ï meje;aùu
laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j i;=
j.lSï fõ' 2016 jir ;=< laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=j is≥ l< m%Odk ldr®hhka iy fiiq
l%shdldrlï my; m˙† fõ'
^⁄& n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ï fj; ¯;s iy úOdk
ksl=;a ls¯u
2016 Tlaf;danr® 27 jk †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙†
uqo,a uKav,h úiska n,m;%h i|yd jk ksr®Kdhl
iy n,m;% .dia;=j hkqfjka ¯;s folla o wju uQ,sl
m%d.aOkh" jHjia:dms; ixÑ;" ;ekam;=" wju øjYS,S
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
j;alï wkqmd;slhla mj;ajd .ekSu" fldgia ysñhka
we.hSu" wOHlaIjrekaf.a iy m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯
fyda idudkHdêld¯jrhdf.a WÑ; nj iy fhda.H;djh
we.hSu" Kh myiqlï i|yd jk kshduk rduqj iy
f;dr;=re iemhsfï wjYH;djh hkqfjka úOdk wgla o
ksl=;a lrk ,°'
^⁄⁄& fr‚iag%dr®jrhd iy wfkl=;a Wkka≥jla olajk
mdr®Yajhka iu. ksr;=rej /iaùï meje;aùu
laIqøuQ,H rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk kshdukh ls¯u i|yd
wjYH m%;sm;a;s" m%ñ;s iy udr®f.damfoaY iïmdokh ls¯u
i|yd laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
fr‚iag%dr®jrhd" laIqøuQ,H rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk iy
,xld laIqøuQ,H jD;a;slhskaf.a ix.uh iu. ksr;=rej
/iaùï mj;ajk ,°'
^⁄⁄⁄& laIqøuQ,H wxYh ms<sn| iólaIKhla meje;aùu
,xld laIqøuQ,H jD;a;slhskaf.a ix.ufha o iydh we;sj
kshduk wjYH;djhka y∫kd.ekSu fukau iM, iy
ldr®hlaIu kshduk moaO;shla ia:dms; ls¯fï wruqKq
we;sj laIqøuQ,H wdh;k iïnkaOfhka iólaIKhla is≥
lrk ,°'
^⁄¤& lafIa;% wOHhk is≥ ls¯u
laIqøuQ,H wxYh ;=< we;s jr®;udk m˙phka" moaO;Ska
iy l%shdj,Ska ms<sn|j wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSu i|yd
laIqøuQ,H wdh;k lsysmhl lafIa;% wOHhk is≥ lrk
,°' ;jo" n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ï iy laIqøuQ,H
rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk fjkqfjka fr.=,dis ilia ls¯u
i|yd wdishdkq l,dmh fj; úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq
lrñka laIqøuQ,H wxYh kshdukh ls¯u ms<sn| cd;Hka;r
w;a±lSï o wOHhkh lrk ,°' óg wu;rj" laIqøuQ,H
wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fjys ldr®h uKav,h
laIqøuQ,H wxYh kshdukh ls¯u ms<sn| yi< w;a±lSï
we;s l,dmSh uy nexl=jl kshduk iy wëlaIK moaO;Ska
wOHkh ls¯u i|yd wOHhk pd˙ldjl o fhfok ,°'
^¤& ±kqïj;a ls¯ï iy YlH;d jeä†hqKq ls¯u
iKi iuQmldr iñ;s" †úke.=u nexl= iñ;s iy rdcH
fkdjk ixúOdk lsysmhla i|yd laIqøuQ,H mk; iy
ta hgf;a ksl=;a lr we;s fr.=,dis ms<sn| ±kqj;a ls¯ï
is≥ ls¯u u.ska laIqøuQ,H wxYfhys YlH;d jeä†hqKq
ls¯u iy ±kqj;a ls¯u fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska is≥ lrk
,°' tfiau ,xld laIqøuQ,H jD;a;slhskaf.a ix.uh
iy iafõÉPd fiajd ixúOdk l%shdld¯ fmruqK u.ska
ixúOdkh lrk ,o ±kqj;a ls¯fï jevigyka i|yd
o laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j ish
∞hl;ajh ,nd fok ,°'
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
30' nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK
2011 wxl 42 ork uqo,a jHdmdr mk; yd 2000 wxl 56
ork l,an≥ uQ,HlrK mk; wkqj ms<sfj<ska n,m;%,dNS
uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï
kshdukh yd wëlaIKh ls¯u nexl= fkdjk uQ,H
wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; meje¯ we;'
óg wu;rj" 2016 jr®Ih ;=< ° m%d:ñl wf,úlrejkaf.a
ldr®hhka wëlaIKh ls¯fï ldr®hNdrh o nexl= fkdjk
uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; mjrk ,°'
jHjia:dms; m¯laIK ^t;eka m¯laIK& yd wLKav
iqm¯laIK ^≥ria: m¯laIK& is≥ ls¯u" úplaIK kshduk
fr.=,dis ksl=;a ls¯u" kshduk wkque;Ska ,nd°u iy
wkjirfhka mj;ajdf.k hk uqo,a jHdmdr ms<sn|
úur®Ykh ls¯u nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ m%Odk ldr®hhka fõ' óg wu;rj" nexl=
fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
±kqïj;a ls¯fï jevigyka meje;aùu" uQ,H wdh;kj,
YlH;d jeä†hqKq ls¯u" wêlrK ldr®hhka i|yd
myiqlï iemhSu iy uyck meñ◊,s i|yd ue†y;aùu
jeks fjk;a úúO ldr®hhkaj, o ksr; fõ'
2016 wjidkh jkúg" n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï 46
la" m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka 15 la iy ,shdm†xÑ l,an≥
uQ,HlrK wdh;k 70 la meje;s◊' tu n,m;%,dNS uqo,a
iud.ï" ,shdm†xÑ l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï iy m%d:ñl
wf,úlrejkaf.a kdu f,aLkh fuu fldgi wjidkfha
olajd we;' 2016 jr®Ifha ° ksl=;a lrk ,o kshduk
wjYH;d fuu jdr®;dfõ ;=kajeks fldgfiys ±lafõ'
30'1 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,anÿ≥
uQ,HlrK iud.ï wëlaIKh lsÍu
^w& jHjia:dms; m¯laIK meje;aùu ^t;eka m¯laIK&
^⁄& 2016 jr®Ih ;=< ° m%Odk jYfhka u n,m;%,dNS
uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK
iud.ïj, ldr®hlaIu;dj iy ia:djr;ajh
b,lal lr.;a wëlaIK l%ufõohka ls%hd;aul
lrk ,°' fuu rduqj hgf;a uQ,H wdh;khl
†.=ld,Sk ia:djr;ajh i|yd wd∞hï m%jdyfha
jr®Okh" fiajd l<fUys úúOdx.SlrKh iy
fjf<|fmd< fjkiaùïj,g wkqrEm ùug
we;s yelshdj iïnkaOfhka b;d .eUq˙ka
w.h flfr®' óg wu;rj" n,m;%,dNS uqo,a
iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK
iud.ïys jHdmd˙l ls%hdld¯;ajh i|yd uQ,H
w;rue†lrK ms˙jeh l<ukdlrKh yd tys
M,∞hS;djka úur®Ykhg Ndckh flfr®'
^⁄⁄& nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=j 2016 jr®Ih ;=< ° n,m;%,dNS
uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK
iud.ï 30 l jdr®Isl t;eka m¯laIK is≥
lrk ,°' Kh w,dN i|yd m%udKj;a fkdjk
II fldgi - 129
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
fjkals¯ï" wNHka;r md,kfha ≥r®j,;d"
wdh;ksl hymd,k úOdkhkag wkql+,
fkdùï" jHdmdr fufyhqï lghq;=j, is≥jk
wldr®hlaIu;d" laIqø uQ,H jeks kj jHdmd˙l
lghq;=j, we;súh yels f.ùï meyer ye¯fï
wj∞ku iy we;eï wdh;kj, †.=ld,Sk
ia:djr;ajh i|yd jHdmdr fufyhqï
lghq;=j, we;s .egÆ fulS m¯laIKj,
m%Odk fidhd.ekSï úh'
^⁄⁄⁄& óg wu;rj" uQ,H jdr®;dlrKh iy .egÆld¯
wka;r® iud.ï .kqfokq jeks fufyhqï lghq;=
j,g w∞< úfYaIs; .egÆ iy wëlaIKfha °
y∫kd.;a ≥r®j,;d yd iïnkaO iSñ; úIh
m:hla b,lal lr.;a m¯laIK 6 la o is≥
lrk ,°'
^⁄¤& m¯laIKj, ° y∫kd.;a uqo,a uKav,h úiska
wkqu; lrk ,o ls%hdld¯ ie,iqï iy
ksr®foaYhka w∞< n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï yd
úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ïj, wOHlaI
uKav,hka fj; ±kqï ° tlÛ jQ ld, rduqj ;=<
ksjer† ls¯fï ls%hdudr®. .ekSu iy;sl ls¯u
i|yd ksrka;r miq úmrï is≥ flfr®'
^wd& wLKav iqm¯laIK is≥ ls¯u ^≥ria: m¯laIK&
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥
uQ,HlrK iud.ïj, uQ,H ;;aFjh we.hSu iy
mek ke`.sh yels .egÆ ms<sn|j mQr®j wk;=re
weÛùï l,a;shd y∫kdf.k ta i|yd iq≥iq ksjer†
ls¯fï mshjrhka läkñka .ekSfï wruq◊ka nexl=
fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
wLKavj iqm¯laIK lghq;= is≥ lrk ,°' iud.ï
úiska ld,djr®;s;j b†˙m;a lrkq ,nk uQ,H
f;dr;=re" ú.Kk jdr®;d" l<ukdlrK ,sms"
ndysr fY%a◊.; ls¯ï iy mqj;am;a jdr®;d mokï
lr.ksñka fuu wLKav iqm¯laIK lghq;= is≥
fl˙◊' mj;sk øjYS,;d .egÆ fya;=fjka jHdmdr
lghq;= j,ska neyerj isák n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï
2 l yer wfkla ishÆu n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï
iy úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ïj, wjYH
kshduk ls%hdudr®. .ekSug iqm¯laIK jdr®;d uqo,a
uKav,h fj; b†˙m;a ls¯u i|yd ms<sfh, lrk
,°' n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ïj, wNHka;r wëlaIK
fY%a◊.; ls¯ï ls%hd;aul ls¯ug iy iqm¯laIKfha
° y∫kd.;a ≥r®j,;djhka ksjer† ls¯fï ls%hdudr®.
.ekSug wLKav iqm¯laIKh u.ska yels úh' ;jo"
wLKav iqm¯laIK ls%hdj,shg myiqlï ie,iSu
i|yd n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥
uQ,HlrK iud.ï wxYfha ldr®;=uh ldr®hidOk
jdr®;d 4 la ms<sfh, lrk ,°'
II fldgi - 130
II fldgi
^we& ≥r®j, n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï i|yd wr®nqo
ksrdlrKh ls¯fï ls%hdudr®.
2016 jr®Ih ;=< °" RK m%d.aOkhla iy m%udKj;a
fkdjQ øjYS, ;;aFjhla iys; ≥r®j, iud.ïj,
†.=ld,hl isg meje;s .egÆ ksrdlrKh ls¯u i|yd
wjYH mshjr .kakd ,°' ta wkqj" ksis f,i ls%hd;aul
lsrSug wjYH kS;suh yd fjk;a wjirhkag hg;aj
uQ,Huh jYfhka mSvdjg m;a iud.ï 3 l wr®nqo
ksrdlrKh ls¯fï ie,eiau i|yd uqo,a uKav,h
úiska uQ,sl wkque;sh ,nd fok ,°' nexl= fkdjk
uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j ±kg
úia;rd;aul ls%hdld¯ ie,iqï ms<sfh, ls¯u iy
by; i|yka mQr®j wjYH;djka iïmQr®K ls¯fuys
ksr;j isà' iud.ï 3 la m%;sjHqy.; lr ia:djr
uÜgul mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd tys wOHlaI uKav,h
fjkia lrk ,°' óg wu;rj" fuu iud.ïj,
m%.;sh ks¯laIKh ls¯u i|yd wOHlaI uKav,"
fcHIaG l<ukdld¯;ajh iy ndysr ú.Kljreka
iuÛ ksrka;r /iaùï meje;ajQ w;r fuu ≥r®j,
iud.ï m%;sjHqy.; ls¯u i`oyd iq≥iq wdfhdaclhka
iyNd.S lr.ekSu i|yd nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k
wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska tu iud.ïj,
wOHlaI uKav, fhduq lrjk ,°'
30'2 m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka wëlaIKh lsÍu
^w& jHjia:dms; m¯laIK iy wLKav iqm¯laIK is≥
ls¯u
m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka i|yd mj;sk wëlaIKh
;j≥rg;a úêu;a ls¯fï iy jeä†hqKq ls¯fï
wfmalaIdfjka m%d:ñl wf,úlrejkaf.a wëlaIK
yd kshduk ldr®hhka 2016'06'03 †k isg rdcH Kh
fomdr®;fïka;=fjka nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k
wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; udre ls¯ug
uqo,a uKav,h úiska ;SrKh lrk ,°' m%d:ñl
wf,úlrejka wj∞kug ksrdjrKh ùug we;s
yelshdj úksYaph ls¯fï l%ufõoh ;j≥rg;a Yla;su;a
ls¯fï wruq◊ka m¯laIKj, úIh m:h mqΩ,a l<
w;r jHjia:dms; m¯laIK ls%hdj,sh Yla;su;a lrk
,°' 2016 cQks udifha isg wëlaIK ldr®hhka nexl=
fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=jg
Ndr ≥ka miq m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka fofofkl=f.a
jHjia:dms; m¯laIK wjika fl˙◊'
^wd& tkag%iaÜ filshq˙àia mSt,aiS iud.fï wr®nqo
ksrdlrKh ls¯fï ls%hdudr®.
tkag%iaÜ filshq˙àia mSt,aiS iud.fï ≥r®j, uQ,H
Ndú;fhys m%;sM,hla f,i 2016 jr®Ih ;=< ° RK
øjYS,;d ;;aFjhka fya;=fjka rcfha iq/l=ïm;a
fjf<|fmdf<ys we;súh yels wj∞ku yd tu.ska
iuia; uQ,H moaO;sfhys we;súh yels .egÆjla
biau;= úh' fuys ° rdcH iq/l=ïm;aj, m%;sñ,°
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
II fldgi
.ekqï .súiqï úYd, m%udKhl f.ùï meyer yer
;sì◊' b†˙fha ° fï fya;=fjka uqo,a" nexl= yd uQ,H
moaO;sfhys iy úfYaIfhkau rcfha iq/l=ïm;a
fjf<|fmdf<ys we;súh yels iuia; ia:djr;ajfha
ì|jeàu je<elaùfï wruq◊ka uy nexl=j tkag%iaÜ
filshq˙àia mSt,aiS iud.fï wOHlaI uKav,h
fjkqjg kj wOHlaI uKav,hla m;afldg tkag%iaÜ
iud.ï iuQyfha is≥ ù we;s ≥r®j, uQ,H Ndú;h yd
uQ,H wl%ñl;d iïnkaOj mqΩ,a úur®Ykhka is≥
l< w;r tys ° ksrdjrKh lr.;a f;dr;=re kS;s
n,d;aul ls¯fï wêld¯ka ^uQ,H wmrdO úur®Yk
fldÜGdih& fj; fhduq lrk ,°' fï w;r" wr®nqo
ksrdlrKh ls¯fï ie,eiau i|yd kS;suh yd uQ,H
wjirhkag hg;aj iqrlaIs; m%;sñ,° .ekqï yd ia:ßr
mokula u; jQ .kqfokq fuka u iqrlaIs; fkd jQ
m%;sñ,° .ekqï .kqfokq mshùu i|yd uqo,a uKav,h
úiska uQ,sl wkque;sh ,nd ° we;'
30'3 úplaIK kshduk ksl=;a lsÍu" m%;sm;a;s iïmdokh
yd kshduk wkque;Ska
^w& úOdkhka iy úplaIK wjYH;d ksl=;a ls¯u
^⁄& n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥
uQ,HlrK iud.ïj, jHdmdr ia:dk újD;
ls¯u" jeiSu yd ia:dkh fjkia ls¯u iïnkaO
úOdkh
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs;
l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ïj, jHdmdr ia:dk
újD; ls¯u" jeiSu yd ia:dkSh fjkia ls¯ï
iïnkaOfhka ±kg mj;sk m%;sm;a;s yd
ls%hdudr®. Yla;su;a ls¯ug yd úêu;a ls¯ug
kj kshduk rduqjla y∫kajd fok ,°'
^⁄⁄& ;ekam;= yd Kh idOk m;% i|yd Wm˙u
fmd,S wkqmd; iïnkaO úOdkh
;ekam;= yd Kh idOk m;% i|yd f.úh yels
Wm˙u fmd,S wkqmd;h ;SrKh ls¯fï moku
f,i Ndú;d jQ NdKavd.dr ì,am;aj, nr ;nk
,o idudkH M,∞ wkqmd;h .Kkh ls¯fï
moku ldr®;=uh .Kkh ls¯fï isg wr®O
jdr®Isl .Kkh ls¯u olajd ixfYdaOkh lrk
,°' fmd,S wkqmd;fhys laI◊l fjkiaùï
u.ska we;sjk n,mEu wju ls¯u i|yd fuu
ixfYdaOkh is≥ lrk ,°'
^wd& kshduk rduqj iudf,dapkh ls¯u
^⁄& 2016 jr®Ih ;=< ° nexl= fkdjk uQ,H
wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï fj; ksl=;a lr
we;s mj;akd kshduk rduqj ;j≥rg;a úêu;a
ls¯u i|yd ksr®foaY b†˙m;a ls¯fï wruq◊ka
iúia;rd;aul wOHhkhla yryd iudf,dapkh
lrk ,°' fuys mrudr®:h jQfha ±kg nexl=
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
wxYfha Ndú; m%Yia; m˙phka iy .sKqïlrK
m%ñ;Skaj, uE; ld,Sk jr®Okhkag iu.dój
iq≥iq fjkialï is≥ ls¯u h' ta wkqj" w∞<
mdr®Yajlrejkaf.ka o woyia úuiSfuka miq
tu ixfYdaOkhka b†˙fha ° m%ldYhg m;a
lrkq we;'
^⁄⁄& m%d:ñl wf,úlrejkaf.a kshduk l%ufõoh
kej; i,ld ne,Sug iy mj;akd wëlaIK
l%ufõoh i|yd wjYH fjkialï ksr®foaY
ls¯u i|yd iyldr wêm;s" nexl= fkdjk uQ,H
wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI"
rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wêld¯ iy
tu fomdr®;fïka;=j, w∞< ks,Od¯kaf.ka
iukaú; lñgqjla 2016 jr®Ih ;=< ° uqo,a
uKav,h úiska m;a lrk ,°' tu lñgqj
úiska ilik ,o ksr®foaY we;=<;a jdr®;dj
wjYH lghq;= i|yd uy nexl=fõ by<
l<ukdld¯;ajh fj; b†˙m;a lrk ,°'
^we& kshduk wkque;Ska ,nd°u
^⁄& 2016 jr®Ih ;=< °" nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k
wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska n,m;%,dNS
uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK
iud.ï i|yd idx.ñl jHjia:dj,Ska fjkia
ls¯ug" md,s; iud.ï msysgqùug" Kh idOk
m;% ksl=;a ls¯ug" fldgia m%d.aOkh jeä
ls¯ug" kj wdfhdaclhka yryd m%d.aOkh
fhoùug" jHdmdr fufyhqï lghq;= i|yd
ndysr fiajdjka ,nd .ekSug" kj wOHlaIjreka
iy úOdhl ldr®hhkays kshq;= ks,Od¯ka m;a
ls¯ug" ,shdm†xÑ ,smskhka fjkia ls¯ug"
jHdmdr ia:dkj, ia:dkh fjkia ls¯ug"
jHdmdr ysñlu udre ls¯ug iy kj YdLdjka
101 la újD; ls¯ug wkque;Ska ,nd fok ,°'
^⁄⁄& ir®fjdaoh äjf,dmaukaÜ µskEkaia ,sñgâ fj;
l,an≥ uQ,HlrK n,m;%h ,nd ≥ka w;r
uyck nexl=fõ b,a,Su m˙†" tu nexl=j fj;
ksl=;a lr ;snQ l,an≥ uQ,HlrK n,m;%h
wj,x.= lrk ,°' óg wu;rj" fydxfldx
wekaâ Iexyhs nEkalsx fldamfr®Ika ,sñgâ
wdh;kh m%d:ñl wf,úldr;ajfhka bj;a
úh'
30'4
wkjirfhka mj;ajdf.k hk uqo,a jHdmdr
ms<sn| úu¾Ykh
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska fjf<|fmd< f;dr;=re yd
uyck meñ◊,s mokï lrf.k wjir fkdue;sj uqo,a
jHdmdrj, ksr;ùï ms<sn|j ;j≥rg;a m¯laIK lghq;=
is≥ lrk ,°' 2016 jr®Ih wjidk jk úg úur®Yk
II fldgi - 131
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi
weuqKqu II-3
kS;s m%ldrj Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ,shdmÈxÑ ù kshdukh jk wdh;k ^2016 j¾Ih wjidkhg&
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï
1' wndkaia µskEkaia mSt,aiS 24' mSm,aia ,Sisx wekaâ µskEkaia mSt,aiS
2' whsäh,a µskEkaia ,sñgâ 25' ìïmq;a µskEkaia mSt,aiS
3' wdr®msfldaa µskEkaia lïmeks mSt,aiS 26' n%ela ,xld µskEkaia mSt,aiS
4' wefidaisfhagâ fudagr® µskEkaia lïmeks mSt,aiS 27' ur®lkaghs,a bkafjiaÜukaÜia wekaâ µskEkaia mSt,aiS
5' Bàwhs µskEkaia ,sñgâ 28' ur®pkaÜ nEkala Tµa Y%S ,xld wekaâ µskEkaia mSt,aiS
6' tÉtkaî .%dóka µskEkaia ,sñgâ 29' u,aá µskEkaia mSt,aiS
7' t,aî µskEkaia mSt,aiS 30' fu,aiagd ¯.,a µskEkaia ,sñgâ
8' t,a´t,aiS µskEkaia mSt,aiS 31' hQî µskEkaia lïmeks ,sñgâ
9' t,hkaia µskEkaia lïmeks mSt,aiS 32' ˙pâ mS˙ia µskEkaia ,sñgâ
10' tatïví,sõ lemsg,a ,Sisx wekaâ µskEkaia mSt,aiS 33' je,sn,a µskEkaia mSt,aiS
11' taIshd wefiÜ µskEkaia mSt,aiS 34' iñÜ µskEkaia mSt,aiS
12' T˙hkaÜ µskEkaia mSt,aiS 35' ir®fjdaoh äjf,dmaukaÜ µskEkaia ,sñgâ
13' l,ïfnd g%iaÜ µskEkaia mSt,aiS 36' iajr®Kuy,a µskEkaIsh,a ir®úiia mSt,aiS
14' leka˙É µskEkaia ,sñgâ 37' isá µskEkaia fldamfr®Ika ,sñgâ
15' fldur®I,a fl%äÜ wekaâ µskEkaia mSt,aiS 38' ishm; µskEkaia mSt,aiS
16' fldur®I,a ,Sisx wekaâ µskEkaia mSt,aiS 39' isx.r® µskEkaia ^,xld& mSt,aiS
17' Ñ,õ µskEkaia mSt,aiS 40' isxymq;% µskEkaia mSt,aiS
18' àflatia µskEkaia ,sñgâ 41' isáikaia äjf,dmaukaÜ ìiakia µskEkaia mSt,aiS
19' fÜ%â µskEkaia wekaâ bkafjiaÜukaÜia mSt,aiS 42' fikalv., µskEkaia mSt,aiS
20' o iagEkavr®â fl%äÜ µskEkaia ,sñgâ 43' fikag%,a bkafjiaÜukaÜia wekaâ µskEkaia mSt,aiS*
21' o µskEkaia lïmeks mSt,aiS 44' fikag%,a µskEkaia lïmeks mSt,aiS
22' fkaIka ,xld µskEkaia mSt,aiS 45' firkaäí µskEkaia ,sñgâ
23' mSm,aia ur®pkaÜ µskEkaia mSt,aiS 46' fidµaÜf,d‚la µskEkaia mSt,aiS
* Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska m;a lrk ,o l<ukdlrK ksfhda‚;fhl= úiska l<ukdlrKh flfrk w;r" m%;sjHqy.; flfrñka mj;S' ta w;r;=r ;ekam;= /ia ls¯u w;aysgqjd we;'

,shdmÈxÑ l,anÿ uQ,HlrK wdh;k

^w& n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= ^wd& n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=
1' wudkd nEkala mSt,aiS 1' m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok nexl=j
2' tïiSî nEkala ,sñgâ 2' ,xldmq;% äjf,dmaukaÜ nEkala ,sñgâ
3' fldur®I,a nEkala Tµa isf,daka mSt,aiS 3' Y%S ,xld ksjdi ixjr®Ok uQ,H ixia:d nexl=j
4' ãtµaiSiS nEkala mSt,aiS 4' Y%S ,xld fiaúka.aia nEkala ,sñgâ
5' keIk,a äjf,dmaukaÜ nEkala mSt,aiS 5' iKi äjf,dmaukaÜ nEkala mSt,aiS
6' fkaIkaia g%iaÜ nEkala mSt,aiS ^we& úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï
7' mEka taIshd nEkalsx fldamfr®Ika mSt,aiS 1' wefiÜ,hska ,Sisx lïmeks ,sñgâ
8' hqkshka nEkala Tµa l,ïnq mSt,aiS 2' biqre ,Sisx lïmeks ,sñgâ
9' ,xld nexl=j 3' t,a´t,aiS uhsfl%da fl%äÜ ,sñgâ
10' iïm;a nEkala mSt,aiS 4' tiatïî ,Sisx mSt,aiS
11' fi,dka nEkala mSt,aiS 5' fldamfr®áõ ,Sisx lïmeks ,sñgâ
12' yegka keIk,a nEkala mSt,aiS 6' ksfjiaÜ lemsg,a ,sñgâ
7' hqksikaia lemsg,a ,Sisx ,sñgâ
^wE& by; i|yka ishÆu n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï
m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka
1' welshqá filshq˙àia ,sñgâ 9' uyck nexl=j
2' tkatiaî µkaâ uefka–ukaÜ lïmeks ,sñgâ 10' hqkshka nEkala Tµa l,ïnQ mSt,aiS
3' tkag%iaÜ filshq˙àia mSt,aiS 11' ,xld nexl=j
4' lemsg,a t,hkaia ,sñgâ 12' fj,a;ag%iaÜ filshq˙àia ,sñgâ
5' fldur®I,a nEkala Tµa isf,daka mSt,aiS 13' iïm;a nEkala mSt,aiS
6' keÜfj,a;a filshq˙àia ,sñgâ 14' fi,dka nEkala mSt,aiS
7' mr®fmjqj,a fg%I¯ia ,sñgâ 15' µiaÜ lemsg,a fg%I¯ia mSt,aiS
8' mEka tAIshd nEkalsx fldamfr®Ika mSt,aiS

II fldgi - 132 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi
lghq;= 14 la ls%hd;aul fjñka meje;s w;r wjir
fkd,;a uqo,a jHdmdr f,i ;SrKh lrk ,o iud.ïj,g
tfrysj kS;suh ls%hdudr®. .ekSu wdrïN ls¯u i|yd
kS;sm;s;=ukaf.ka Wmfoia ,nd .kakd ,°'
30'5 uyckhd ±kqïj;a lsÍï iy n,m;%,dNS uqo,a
iud.ï $ úfYaIs; l,anÿ uQ,HlrK iud.ï
wxYfha YlH;d jeäÈhqKq lsÍu
^w& uyck ±kqïj;a ls¯fï jevigyka
nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska wkjir uQ,H wdh;kj, iy
wdfhdack l%uj, wdfhdackh ls¯fï we;s wj∞ku
ms<sn| uyck;dj oekqïj;a ls¯fï jevigyka
28 la meje;ajQ w;r úoHq;a udOH ±kaùï 9 la
m%pdrKh lrk ,°' n,m;%,dNS nexl= yd n,m;%,dNS
uqo,a iud.ïj, kï ,ehsia;= yd fjk;a m%fhdackj;a
f;dr;=re we;=<;a w;am;s%ld 15"000 la muK uyckhd
w;r fn∞fok ,°'
^wd& nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k wxYfha YlH;d
jeä†hqKq ls¯u
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥
uQ,HlrK iud.ï wxYfha ls%hdld¯;ajh" kshduk
jr®Okhka iy ld,Sk wdr®:ßl m%jk;d iïnkaO
woyia yqjudre lr .ekSfï mrudr®:fhka uy nexl=
wêm;sjrhdf.a m%Odk;ajfhka n,m;%,dNS uqo,a
iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ïj,
m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯ka iuÛ nexl= fkdjk uQ,H
wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska /iaùï
lsysmhla mj;ajk ,°' óg wu;rj" fomdr®;fïka;=j
úiska n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs;
l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï yd fuu wxYh wdYs%;
lreKq iïnkaOfhka idlÉPd ls¯ug iy ksjer†
ls¯fï ls%hdudr®. .ekSug ndysr ú.Kljreka iy
cd;Hka;r ksfhda‚;hka iuÛ wLKavj f;dr;=re
yqjudre lr .kakd ,°' ;jo" fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
fcHIaG ks,Od¯ka úiska YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ nexl=
ú≥ mshfiys iy m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd,j, meje;s mqyqKq
jevuqΩ i|yd iïm;a ∞hl;ajh ,nd fok ,°'
30'6 wkjir uQ,H wdh;k iïnkaOfhka we;s kS;suh
ld¾hhka i|yd myiqlï iemhSu
^⁄& f.da,avka lS fl%äÜ ldâ lïmeks ,sñgâ
wdh;kh
uy nexl=j úiska fY%aIaGdêlrKh fj; b†˙m;a
lrk ,o f.da,avka lS fl%äÜ ldâ lïmeks
,sñgâ wdh;kfha wdrlaIs; ;ekam;alrejkag
w†hr 3 lska ;ekam;= wdmiq f.ùfï l%ufõoh
wkqj" rch úiska ;=kajk w†hfrys f.ùï
lghq;= is≥ ls¯fï ls%hdj,sfhys ksr;j isà'
uqΩ wruqo,a wjYH;dj jk remsh,a ñ,shk
4"055 ka ±kg rch úiska remsh,a ñ,shk 500
la ,nd ° we;' 3 jk w†hfrys wruqo,a jd˙l
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
f,i ksl=;a ls¯ug rch úiska ;SrKh lr we;s
w;r wruqo,a ,enqKq miq b;s˙ ;ekam;alrejka
i|yd f.ùï is≥ flfr®'
^⁄⁄& fjk;a wkjir uQ,H wdh;k
o µskEkaia wekaâ .erkaá fm%dmr®á äjf,dmr®ia
m%hsjÜ ,sñgâ (The Finance and Guarantee
Property Developers Private Ltd.) iy tµa
wekaâ „ ˙h,a tiafÜÜ lïmeks ,sñgâ (F&G
Real Estate Company Ltd.) wdh;khkays
;ekam;alrejka úiska 2015 jir ;=< b†˙m;a
lrk ,o meñ◊,a,g wkqj tu iud.ï
foflys ;ekam;alrejkag iajdëk ix.ïj,ska
fofofkl= ne.ska ksfhdackh jk m˙†" o
µskEkaia wekaâ .erkaá fm%dmr®á äjf,dmr®ia
m%hsjÜ ,sñgâ iy tµa wekaâ „ ˙h,a tiafÜÜ
lïmeks ,sñgâ wdh;kj, wOHlaI uKav,
i|yd idud‚lhka 4 fofkl= m;a ls¯ug
fY%aIaGdêlrKh wkque;sh ,ndfok ,°' uy
nexl=j úiska 2013'10'23 †k b†˙m;a lrk ,o
ls%hdld¯ ie,eiau b†˙hg;a ls%hd;aul ls¯u
i|yd fY%aIaGdêlrKh úiska kj wOHlaI
uKav,h fj; ;j≥rg;a ksfhda. lrk ,°'
o µskEkaia wekaâ .erkaá fm%dmr®á äjf,dmr®ia
m%hsjÜ ,sñgâ iy tµa wekaâ „ ˙h,a tiafÜÜ
lïmeks ,sñgâ wdh;k fj; m;a lrk
,o wOHlaI uKav, fY%aIaGdêlrKh úiska
,nd ≥ka ls%hdld¯ ie,eiaug yd úOdkj,g
wkql+, ùug wfmdfydi;a ù we;s njg
fY%aIaGdêlrKh úiska wkdjrKh lr.kakd
,°' tu ksid" o µskEkaia wekaâ .erkaá
fm%dmr®á äjf,dmr®ia m%hsjÜ ,sñgâ iy
tµa wekaâ „ ˙h,a tiafÜÜ lïmeks ,sñgâ
wdh;kj, wOHlaI uKav, fj; 2016'09'30
†k isg n,meje;afjk m˙† kj idud‚lhka
4 fofkl= m;a ls¯ug fY%aIaGdêlrKh ;SrKh
lrk ,°' ;jo" fY%aIaGdêlrKh úiska" o
µskEkaia wekaâ .erkaá fm%dmr®á äjf,dmr®ia
m%hsjÜ ,sñgâ iy tµa wekaâ „ ˙h,a tiafÜÜ
lïmeks ,sñgâ wdh;kj, wOHlaI uKav,
fj; ;j;a wOHlaIjrfhl= 2016'11'22 †k m;a
lrk ,°'
30'7 uyck meñ‚◊,s yeisrùu
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK
iud.ï iïnkaOj m%Odk jYfhka widOdrK md˙fNda.sl
ie,lSï iy ,nd.;a Kh i|yd iyk b,a,Sï iïnkaOj
uyck;djf.ka b†˙m;a jQ meñ◊,s úYd, m%udKhla i|yd
nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
ta iïnkaOj úuiSñ ls¯fuka iy tjeks fpdaokd w∞<
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï yd úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK
iud.ï fj; fhduq ls¯fuka úi∫ï ,nd °ug ue†y;a úh'
II fldgi - 133
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

31' mqyqKq yd ixj¾Ok cr®uka uy nexl=j" bka†hd uy nexl=j" u,hdishdkq uy

nexl=j" fld˙hdkq uy nexl=j iy wefu˙ldfõ fµvr,a
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ udkj m%d.aOk ixjr®Okfhys ixÑ; nexl=j hk uy nexl= u.ska úfYaIs; mqyqKq
u;= fjñka mj;sk wjYH;d imqrd,Sfï wruq◊ka uqo,a jevigyka" jevuqΩ" iïuka;%K iy wOHhk pd˙ld f,i
uKav,h úiska 2015 cQ,s ui ° mqyqKq yd ixjr®Ok
mj;ajkq ,nk fláld,Sk úfoaY mqyqKq wjia:d 319 la
fomdr®;fïka;=j kej; ia:dms; lrk ,°' mqyqKq wjYH;d
i|yd myiqlï imhk ,°' cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo,"
y∫kd .ekSu iy nexl=fõ mqyqKq wjYH;d imqrd,Su i|yd
Wmdh udr®. ilia ls¯u" jdr®Isl mqyqKq ie,eiau ilia f,dal nexl=j" wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=j" ol=Kq yd
ls¯u yd l%shd;aul ls¯u" nqoaêuh YlH;dj jr®Okhg kef.kysr wdishdkq rgj, mr®fhaIK yd mqyqKq
myiqlï iemhSu" nexl=fõ ldr®h uKav,hg wjYH uOHia:dkh (SEACEN)" cd;Hka;r mshùï nexl=j (BIS)
mYapd;a Wmdê wOHhk lghq;= i|yd myiqlï ie,iSu" jeks wruqo,a imhk cd;Hka;r wdh;k iy mr®fhaIK
úfoaYSh$foaYSh flá ld,Sk mqyqKq wjia:d i,id °u wdh;k úiska b†˙m;a lrk ,o mqyqKq wjia:d i|yd o
iy ldr®h uKav,fha ±kqu yqjudre lr .ekSu i|yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ldr®h uKav,h iyNd.S úh' mqyqKq
myiqlï ie,iSu" mqyqKq yd ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=fõ yd ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j" úfoaYSh wOHhk pd˙ld 10
m%Odk ldr®hhka fõ' la i|yd 2016 ° myiqlï i,ik ,°' 2016 jir ;=< ° Y%S
,xld uy nexl= ks,Od¯ka i|yd ,nd ° we;s fláld,Sk
mYapd;a Wmdê wOHhk lghq;= úfoaY mqyqKq wjia:d ms<sn| úia;r ixLHd igyk ˚˚-26
2016 jir ;=< ° ´iafÜ%,shdfõ" tlai;a rdcOdksfha u.ska fmkajhs'
iy we't'ckmofha ms<s.;a úYajúoHd,hl Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ udKav,sl fY%a◊fha ks,Od¯ka ;sfofkl=g II-26 ixLHd igyk
wdpdr®h Wmdêh ye≤¯u i|yd o" ks,Od¯ka 15 fofkl=g fláld,Sk úfoaY mqyqKq wjia:d - 2016
úoHdm;s$Ydia;%m;s Wmdêh ye≤¯u i|yd o wjYH
myiqlï imhk ,o w;r tla ks,Od˙fhla furg mqyqKq mqyqKq
úYajúoHd,hl wdpdr®h Wmdêh ye≤¯u wdrïN lf<ah' lafIa;%h jevigyka wjia:d
.Kk .Kk
fï w;r" ish wdpdr®h Wmdêh iïmQr®K l< ks,Od¯ka
;sfofkla iy úoHdm;s$Ydia;%m;s Wmdê iïmQr®K l< uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" wdr®:ßl úoHdj iy 57 71
ixLHdkh
ks,Od¯ka 18 fofkla 2016 jir ;=< ° Y%S ,xld uy
nexl=fõ rdcld¯ lghq;= i|yd kej; meñ◊hy' 2012 isg uQ,H moaO;s ia:djr;ajh 47 62
2016 olajd nexl=fõ YsIH;aj jevigyk hgf;a mYapd;a wj∞kï l<ukdlrKh" kS;s yd 27 34
Wmdê wOHhk lghq;= wdrïN lrk ,o yd iïmQr®K wkql+,;d
lrk ,o ks,Od¯ka ixLHdj my; ixLHd igyka wxl wdfhdack l<U l<ukdlrKh 27 40
˚˚-25 ka fmkajhs' uy nexl= lghq;= 11 14
f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh$f.ùï yd mshùï 20 27
fláld,Sk mqyqKq wjia:d jHjydr uqo,a l<ukdlrKh 8 9
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ldr®h uKav,fhys ksmqK;d by< udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrKh 5 11
kexùfï wruq◊ka" mqyqKq yd ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j laIqø uQ,H 7 15
nexl=fõ ldr®h uKav,hg iq≥iq fláld,Sk úfoaYSh yd
fjk;a 14 36
foaYSh mqyqKq wjia:djka 1"246 la imhk ,°' 2015 jr®Ifha
wjidkfha ° is≥ lrk ,o jdr®Isl ksmqK;d y∫kd .ekSfï tl;=j 223 319
wNHdih yryd fuu mqyqKq wjYH;d y∫kd .kakd ,°'
mqyqKq jevigyka yryd ,nd .;a ±kqu yd w;a±lSï
Ndú;d lrñka is≥ l< hq;= úúO mejreï mej¯u u.ska
fláld,Sk úfoaY mqyqKq wjia:d
w∞< ks,Od¯ka yg ,enqKq fláld,Sk úfoaY mqyqKqj,
2016 jir ;=< ° mqyqKq yd ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j iM,;dj we.hSu wLKavj lrf.k hk ,°' fuu lghq;=
ms<s.;a úfoaY mqyqKq wdh;k iy tx.,ka; uy nexl=j" nexl=fõ by< l<ukdld˙;ajh úiska m;a lrk ,o mqyqKq
II-25 ixLHd igyk
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ YsIH;aj jevigyk hgf;a ish mYapd;a Wmdê wOHhk lghq;= wdrïN lrk ,o yd iïmQ¾K lrk ,o
ks,OdÍka ixLHdj ^2012 - 2016&
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
iq≥iqlï wdrïN iïmQr®K wdrïN iïmQr®K wdrïN iïmQr®K wdrïN iïmQr®K wdrïN iïmQr®K
l< l< l< l< l< l< l< l< l< l<
wdpdr®h Wmdêh 4 2 6 0 5 2 3 1 4 3
úoHdm;s$Ydia;%m;s Wmdêh 18 17 11 19 24 11 19 21 15 18

II fldgi - 134 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

II fldgi
wkq lñgqjla úiska wëlaIKh lrkq ,eîh' ta wkqj" 2016
jir ;=< ° mqyqKq wkq lñgq 06 la meje;ajQ w;r tys° ,nd
≥ka mejreï 37 la fláld,Sk úfoaY mqyqKq jevigyka
i|yd iyNd.s jQ ks,Od¯ka úiska iïmQr®K lr Ndrfok
,°' 2016 ° ks,Od¯ka úiska iïmQr®K lr we;s mejreï
ms<sn| úia;r my; ixLHd igyk ˚˚-27 ;=< idrdxY.;
fldg we;'
II-27 ixLHd igyk
2016 jir ;=< fláld,Sk úfoaY mqyqKq jevigykaj,g
iyNd.s jQjka úiska iïmQ¾K lrk ,o mejreï
jr®.SlrKh mejreï .Kk
uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIKh ls¯u i|yd jk 2 (Forensic Accounting) hk lafIa;%h wdjrKh lrñka uy
udr®f.damfoaY
,sms" b†˙m;a ls¯ï yryd ±kqu yqjudre lr .ekSu 64
yd ldr®huKav, ±kqïj;a ls¯ï
moaO;s yd l%shd mámdá jeä †hqKq ls¯u i|yd jk 8 wu;rj" wksl=;a fomdr®;fïka;=j, iyfhda.h we;sj
fhdackd
tl;=j 74
fláld,Sk foaYSh mqyqKq wjia:d
2016 jir ;=< °" mqyqKq yd ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j" /
iaùï" wka;r®cd;sl idlÉPd" iïuka;%K" iuqΩ iy Ydia;%Sh
iïuka;%K we;=Ω fláld,Sk foaYSh mqyqKq wjia:d 927 la
nexl=fõ ldr®h uKav,h fj; ,nd fok ,°' fuu mqyqKq
jevigyka nexl= ú≥ msfhi iy fjk;a ms<s.;a foaYSh
mqyqKq wdh;khkays ° mj;ajk ,o w;r tajd m%Odk
jYfhka wdr®:ßl úoHdj" ixLHdk úoHdj" .sKqïlrKh"
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;=
nexl=lrKh" f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh" kS;sh" ú.Kkh"
wruqo,a l<ukdlrKh" wj∞kï l<ukdlrKh" f,aLk
lghq;= ms<sn| ldr®hhka" udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrKh"
nexl= yd uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIKh" uQ,H fj<|fmd<"
úfoaY úksuh" jHjydr uqo,a" m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Okh hk
wxY hgf;a úh' nexl= ú≥ mshi iy wfkl=;a mqyqKq
wdh;k u.ska meje;a jQ mqyqKq jevigyka i|yd iyNd.s
jQ ks,Od¯ka ixLHdj ms<sfj<ska 461 la iy 466 la úh'
jevuq¿ iy ±kqu yqjudrej
2016 jir ;=< ° mqyqKq yd ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j"
nexl= ú≥ mshi iu`. tlaj fjdaydrl .sKqïlrKh
nexl= ks,Od¯kaf.a ld,Skj jeo.;a l=i,;d jeä ls¯fï
wruq◊ka jevuqΩjla ixúOdkh lrk ,°' ;jo" 2016 °"
mqyqKq yd ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j by< fmf<a jHqy.;
mqyqKq jevigyka 02 la o ixúOdkh lrk ,°' fuhg
mqyqKq yd ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ixúOdkh
lrkq ,nk udisl wdr®:ßl ixi| ud,dj hgf;a nexl=fõ
ldr®h uKav,hg ±kqu jr®Okh lr .ekSu i|yd myiqlï
i,iñka jir ;=< ° wdr®:ßl úoHdj" nexl= lghq;= iy
uQ,H lghq;= ms<sn| ld,Skj jeo.;a úúO ud;Dld ms<sn|
lafIa;%fha úfYaI{hka úiska foaYk 06 la mj;ajk ,°'
fuhg wu;rj" mqyqKq yd ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j"
úfoaYSh mqyqKq i|yd iyNd.s jQ ks,Od¯ka úiska mj;ajk
,o b†˙m;a ls¯ï 04 lg iy mYapd;a Wmdê wOHhk
lghq;=j,ska miqj fiajhg jdr®;d lrk ,o ks,Od¯ka
úiska mj;ajk ,o b†˙m;a ls¯ï 09 lg myiqlï i,ik
,°'
II fldgi - 135
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ .sKqï yd lghq;= II fldgi

II fldgi - 136 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

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uqo,a uKav,h úiska 2016 j¾Ifha§ Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ

m%Odk mßmd,k úêúOdk
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uqo,a m%or®Ykh ls¯u
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iy n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=j, jdr®Il
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,nk rcfha iq/l=ïm;a oaú;shSl fj<`ofmd< ;=< fjf<`∞u iy
jdr®;dlrKh
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hgf;a jk m%d.aOk wjYH;djhka
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6 YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd° ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h ^w;s úfYI& 1969$17 05
7 fj<`ofmd< lgh;= i`oyd jk tAldnoaO fufyhqï Wmfoia 35$03$016$007$001 06

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9 úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka 2016 wxl 02( fkajdisl úfoaY 20
jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka fj; ksl=;a
lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
10 úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka 2016 wxl 03( fkajdisl úcd;sl 22
úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka fj;
ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
11 úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka 2016 wxl 04( úfoaY úksuh 24
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lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
12 YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd° ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h ^w;s úfYI&( 1950$29 26
úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a ±kaùu
13 YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd° ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h ^w;s úfYI&( 1950$40 28
úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a ±kaùu
 fhduq wxlh msgqj

14 YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd° ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h ^w;s úfYI&( 1957$23 30
úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a ±kaùu
15 úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka 2016 wxl 05( wfkajdisl úfoaY 31
jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka fj; ksl=;a
lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
16 úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka 2016 wxl 06( fkajdisl úfoaY 31
jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka fj; ksl=;a
lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
17 úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka 2016 wxl 07( fkajdisl úcd;sl 31
úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka fj;
ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
18 úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka 2016 wxl 08( úfoaY úksuh 32
Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqï iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka fj; ksl=;a
lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
19 úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka 2016 wxl 09( n,h,;a fj<`≥ka 32
yd YS% ,xld ixjr®Ok ne`≥ïlr i`oyd wkqu; ksfhda‚;hka f,i m;a
lrk ,o m%d:ñl fjf<`≥ka fj; ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
20 YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd° ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h ^w;s úfYI&( 1960$66 34
úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a ±kaùu
21 úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka 2016 wxl 10( YS% ,xldj ;=< 34
úfoaY rdcH ¥; ldr®hd," rdcH ¥; ks,Od¯ka iy Tjqkaf.a mjqf,a
idud‚lhka i`oyd úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a yd remsh,a .sKqï iïnkaOfhka
n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka fj; ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
22 úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka 2016 wxl 11( wfkajdisl wdjD; 36
.sKqï iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka fj; ksl=;a lrkq ,nk
úOdkhka
23 úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka 2016 wxl 12( ú.dñlhkag úfoaY 36
úksuh úls”u iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka fj; ksl=;a lrkq
,nk úOdkhka
24 úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka 2016 wxl 13( ú.dñlhkag úfoaY 36
úksuh úls”u iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka fj; ksl=;a lrkq
,nk úOdkhka
25 úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka 2016 wxl 14( úfoaYSh jd◊c 36
Kh .ekSfï .sKqu iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka fj; ksl=;a lrkq
,nk úOdkhka
26 YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd° ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h ^w;s úfYI&( 1970$8 38
úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a ±kaùu
27 YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd° ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h ^w;s úfYI&( 1970$49 39
úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a ±kaùu
28 YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd° ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h ^w;s úfYI&( 1970$50 39
úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a ±kaùu
 fhduq wxlh msgqj

29 úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka 2016 wxl 15( n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka 40
yd YS% ,xld ixjr®Ok ne`≥ïlr i`oyd wkqu; ksfhda‚;hka f,i m;a
lrk ,o m%d:ñl fjf<`≥ka fj; ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
30 úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka 2016 wxl 16( iS$i ,xld keõ 40
iud.fï wdkhksl keõ NdKav fjka ls¯u i`oyd n,m;%,dNS fjf<`≥ka
fj; ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
31 YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd° ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h ^w;s úfYI&( 1986$42 41
úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a ±kaùu
32 YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd° ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h ^w;s úfYI&( 1986$43 42
úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a ±kaùu
uQ,H nqoaê tAllh

33 YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd° ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h ^w;s úfYI& 1951$13 42
34 2006 wxl 06 ork uqo,a .kqfokq jdr®;d ls¯fï mkf;a 2 jk j.ka;sh 37$05$002$0016$016 59
hgf;a ksl=;a lrkq ,enQ pl%f,aLh
f.ùï iy mshùï

35 ,xldfilHq uOHu ;ekam;= l%ufhys rcfha iq/l=ïm;aj, ysñld˙;ajh 34$07$029$0001$002 60

jdr®;d ls¯u
36 2016 iema;eïnr® ui 09 jk isl=rd∞ †k ,xldfiÜ,a moaO;sfhys 34$07$029$0001$002 60
i„ù fufyhqï lghq;= m%;sm%dma;s jevìfuys isg is≥ ls¯u
37 ,xldfiÜ,a moaO;sfha ffoksl fufyhqï ld,igyk ixfYdaOkh ls¯u 34$07$029$0001$002 60
38 2016 foieïnr® ui 18 jk †k i„ù m¯laIKhla meje;aùu i`oyd 34$07$029$0001$002 62
,xldfiÜ,a moaO;sh újD; ls¯u
rdcH Kh

39 oaú;shSl fj<`ofmd< fj<`∞u yd jdr®;dlrKh 08$21$005$035$001 62

m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok

40 NADeP cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyfka laIqøuQ,H wxYh RDD/NADeP/2016 63

ls%hd;aul ls¯u i`oyd fufyhqï Wmfoia
41 uyd m˙udK ls˙ ksIamdok ixjr®Ok Kh fhdackd l%ufhys fufyhqï RDD/CSDDLS/2013/01 72
Wmfoia ixfYdaOkh ls¯u (A-03)

42 fufyhqï Wmfoia( iajhx /lshd m%jr®Ok uQ,drïNl Kh fhdackd RDD/SEPI/2016/01 73

l%uh w†hr II
43 cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyk hgf;a wju Kh iSudj RDD/NADeP-2016/01 81
ixfYdaOkh ^ixfYdaOkh&

44 cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyk hgf;a ls%hd;aul z;reK RDD/NADeP/ 82

†˙hZ" ;dreKHh iún, .ekaùu iy /lshd jHdmD;shys fufyhqï YOUTH2016/01
Wmfoia
45 kj ims˙ .%dóh Kh fhdackd l%ufhys (NCRCS) fufyhqï Wmfoia RDD/NCRCS/2011 87
ixfYdaOkh ls¯u'
 fhduq wxlh msgqj

46 cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyfkys msg; j.dlrejka i`oyd jQ RDD/NADeP/Value Chain 88
^fldka;%d;a f.dùka& Kh fhdackd l%uh Develop/2016/01

47 cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyk hgf;a ls%hd;aul jk z;reK RDD/NADeP/ 96

†˙hZ ;dreKHh iún, .ekaùu iy /lshd jHdmD;shys fufyhqï YOUTH2016/01
Wmfoia ixfYdaOkh ^ixfYdaOkh&

laIqø uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK

48 laIqøuQ,H mkf;a úOdk" 2016 wxl 01( wju uQ,sl m%d.aOkh 96

49 laIqøuQ,H mkf;a úOdk" 2016 wxl 02( jHjia:dms; ixÑ; 97
50 laIqøuQ,H mkf;a úOdk" 2016 wxl 03( ;ekam;= 97
51 laIqøuQ,H mkf;a úOdk" 2016 wxl 04( wju øjYS, j;alï wkqmd;slhla 98
mj;ajd .ekSu
52 laIqøuQ,H mkf;a úOdk" 2016 wxl 05( fldgia ysñhka we.hSu 100
53 laIqøuQ,H mkf;a úOdk" 2016 wxl 06( wOHlaIjrekaf.a iy m%Odk 101
úOdhl ks,Od˙hdf.a$idudkHdêld˙f.a iq≥iqlï iy fhda.H;djh
ms<sn`o ;lafiarej
54 laIqøuQ,H mkf;a úOdk" 2016 wxl 07( Kh myiqlï i`oyd jk kshduk 105
rduqj
55 laIqøuQ,H mkf;a úOdk" 2016 wxl 08( f;dr;=re iemhSfï wjYH;djh 108
56 laIqøuQ,H mkf;a ¯;s" 2016 wxl 01( n,m;%h i`oyd jk ksr®Kdhl 109
57 laIqøuQ,H mkf;a ¯;s" 2016 wxl 02( n,m;%h .dia;=j 119

nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK

58 uqo,a jHdmdr mk; hgf;a ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdk 2016 wxl 01( 119
jHdmdr ia:dk újD; ls¯u" jeiSu yd ia:dkh fjkia ls¯u
59 uqo,a jHdmdr mk; hgf;a ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdk 2016 wxl 02( 124
;ekam;= iy Kh idOk m;% i`oyd Wm˙u fmd,S wkqmd;
60 l,an≥ uQ,HlrK mk; hgf;a ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdk 2016 wxl 01( 125
jHdmdr ia:dk újD; ls¯u" jeiSu yd ia:dkh fjkia ls¯u
III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

fhduqj(02$17$150$0095$01 2016 ckjd˙ 25

ishÆu n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=j, iy n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=j,
m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯ka fj;'
ihsn¾ wdrlaIK wjodkï wjia:d jd¾;dlrKh
jydu l%shd;aul jk m˙† ishÆu n,m;%,dNS nexl= úiska ihsnr® wdrlaIK wj∞kï wjia:d my; i|yka m˙† jdr®;d l< hq;= fõ'
^w& CSE - I weuqKqfï i|yka m˙† wod< isoaêh y∫kd .ekSfuka jev lrk †khla we;=<;
^wd& CSE - II weuqKqfï i|yka m˙† iEu ldr®;=jla wjidkfha isg osk 15 la we;=<;
^we& 2015'01'01 jeks †k isg jdr®;d jQ ishÆu ihsnr® wdrlaIK wj∞kï wjia:d fï jkúg;a
jdr®;d lr fkdue;s kï by; ^wd& fldgfia i|yka lr we;s wdlD;sh m˙†

by; ishÆu f;dr;=re dbsd@cbsl.lk hk úoHq;a ;emE,g fyda ryiH ljrhl nyd nexl= wëlaIK wOHlaI fj; ,eîug
ie,eiaúh hq;=h'
nexl= wëlaIK wOHlaI

CSE I
nexl= wëlaIK wOHlaI fj;"
ihsn¾ wdrlaIK wjodkï wjia:d ms<sn| jd¾;d lsÍu
nexl=fõ ku(
jdr®;d lrk ld,iSudj(
isoaêfha isoaêh ms<sn| y∫kd ia:dkh$YdLdj isoaêh fya;=fjka jQ wNHka;r jdr®;d iyNd.s jQ kS;s n,d;aul
iajNdjh idrdxYh .;a †kh ^w∞< fõ kï& weia;fïka;=.; $i;H ls¯fï wêld˙h ls¯fï wêld˙h
^w& n,mEu ^uQ,H iy ^we& ^w∞< fõ kï&
fufyhqï& ^wd&

n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a ku iy ;k;=r

^w& isoaêfha iajNdjh( whq;= we;=`Mùï (Intrusion)" wkjir we;=`Mùï (Hacking)" wksIag uD≥ldx. (Malware)" l+G fla;
(Malicious Codes)" ffjria" ;;=nEï (Phishing)" fiajd m%;sfYdaOkh ls¯fï iudc fufyhùï" wkjir moaO;s m˙yrKh"
fjk;a ^i|yka lrkak'&
^wd& uQ,H n,mEula we;akï" is≥ jQ w,dNfha m%udKh o fufyhqï ydkshl ° ta ms<sn| úia;rhla o ,nd fokak'
^we& wNHka;r jdr®;dlrKfha ° isoaêh fhduq lrkq ,nk ks,Od˙hd'
fuu wdlD;sh iïmQr®K lr dbsd@cbsl.lk hk ,smskhg úoHq;a ;emE, yryd fyda ryiH ,shqï ljrhl nyd fyda nexl= wëlaIK
wOHlaI fj; ,eîug i,iajkak'

CSE II
nexl= wëlaIK wOHlaI fj;"

ihsn¾ wdrlaIK wjodkï wjia:d ms<sn| jd¾;d lsÍu

nexl=fõ ku(
jdr®;d lrk ld,iSudj(
isoaêfha isoaêh ms<sn| y∫kd ia:dkh$YdLdj isoaêh fya;=fjka jQ wNHka;r jdr®;d iyNd.s jQ kS;s n,d;aul
iajNdjh idrdxYh .;a †kh ^w∞< fõ kï& weia;fïka;=.; $i;H ls¯fï wêld˙h ls¯fï wêld˙h
^w& n,mEu ^uQ,H iy ^we& ^w∞< fõ kï&
fufyhqï& ^wd&

n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a ku iy ;k;=r

^w& isoaêfha iajNdjh( whq;= we;=`Mùï (Intrusion)" wkjir we;=`Mùï (Hacking)" wksIag uD≥ldx. (Malware)" l+G fla; (Malicious
Codes)" ffjria" ;;=nEï (Phishing)" fiajd m%;sfYdaOkh ls¯fï iudc fufyhùï" wkjir moaO;s m˙yrKh" fjk;a ^i|yka
lrkak'&
^wd& uQ,H n,mEula we;akï" is≥ jQ w,dNfha m%udKh o fufyhqï ydkshl ° ta ms<sn| úia;rhla o ,nd fokak'
^we& wNHka;r jdr®;dlrKfha ° isoaêh fhduq lrkq ,nk ks,Od˙hd'
fuu wdlD;sh iïmQr®K lr dbsd@cbsl.lk hk ,smskhg úoHq;a ;emE, yryd fyda ryiH ,shqï ljrhl nyd fyda nexl= wëlaIK
wOHlaI fj; ,eîug i,iajkak'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 1

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

fhduqj(02$17$500$0012$001 2016 fmnrjd˙ 01

ishÆu n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=j, iy n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=j,
m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯ka fj;"
fmd,S wkqmd;" úksuh wkqmd;" fiajd .dia;=" wh lsÍï iy
fldñia uqo,a m%o¾Ykh lsÍu
Wla; lreK iïnkaOfhka 2011 cqks 06 jeks †k ksl=;a lrk ,o pl%f,aLh yd nef|a'
ishÆu nexl= úiska §,xld fiÜ,a¶ (LankaSettle) moaO;sh" Y%S ,xld wka;r® nexl= f.ùï moaO;sh (SLIPS) iy úoHq;a wruqo,a
mej¯fï fmd≥ hdka;%Kh (CEFTS) yryd is≥ flfrk wruqo,a yqjudre ls¯ï i|yd md˙fNda.slhkaf.ka whlr .kq ,nk fiajd
.dia;= my; i|yka wdlD;shg wkql+,j 2016 fmnrjd˙ 10 jeks †k isg ishÆu nexl= YdLd ;=< yd nexl= fjí wvúj, m%or®Ykh
l< hq;= fõ'
tlS m%or®Ykh lrkq ,nk ishÆu fiajd .dia;= iy whls¯ï Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ;SrKh lrk ,o iy ld,dkqrEmSj
ikaksfõokh lrk ,o whls¯ï úh hq;= fõ'
úia;rh .dia;=j
,xld fiÜ,a (LankaSettle) moaO;sh yryd is≥ flfrk wruqo,a yqjudre
Y%S ,xld wka;r® nexl= f.ùï (SLIPS) moaO;sh yryd is≥ flfrk wruqo,a yqjudre
úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯fï fmd≥ hdka;%Kh (CEFTS)
- wka;r®cd, nexl=lrKh yryd is≥ flfrk wruqo,a yqjudre
- cx.u nexl=lrKh yryd is≥ flfrk wruqo,a yqjudre
- nexl= ljqkagr® yryd is≥ flfrk wruqo,a yqjudre
- ^nexl=fõ ku& nexl= ATM hka;% yryd is≥ flfrk wruqo,a yqjudre
- wfkl=;a CEFTS idud‚l nexl=j, ATM hka;% yryd is≥ flfrk wruqo,a yqjudre

ta'ta'tï' ;diSï
nexl= wëlaIK wOHlaI

nexl= mk; hgf;a úOdkh 2016 wxl 01 2016 cQ,s 25

n,m;%,dNS jd◊‚c nexl=j, iy n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=j,
jd¾Isl n,m;% .dia;=
1988 wxl 30 ork ixfYdaê; nexl= mkf;a 8 iy 76 wE ^6& j.ka;s m%ldrj Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a uKav,h úOdkh lrhs'
nexl= mkf;a 8^1& iy 76 wE^6& j.ka;s m%ldrj" n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= iy n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= 2017 iïu; jr®Ih i|yd"
2016 jr®Ih wjidkhg mj;sk uq`M j;alï m%udKh mokï lrf.k my; j.=fõ i|yka m˙† 2017 ckjd˙ 31 fyda Bg fmr
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg .dia;= f.úh hq;= nj uqo,a uKav,h úiska ;SrKh lr we;'
2016 jr®Ih wjidkfha mej;s j;alï n,m;% .dia;=j
^remsh,a ì,shk& ^remsh,a ñ,shk&
750 g jeä 30
500 isg 750 olajd 25
200 isg 500 olajd 22
125 isg 200 olajd 16'5
75 isg 125 olajd 11
25 isg 75 olajd 5'5
25 g wvq 2'2

wdpdr®h bkaø‚;a l=udriajdñ

uqo,a uKav,fha iNdm;s iy
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wêm;s

III fldgi - 2 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

fhduqj(02$17$800$0007$002 2016 iema;eïnr® 01

n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=j, iy n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=j,
m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯ka fj;'
n,m;%,dNS jd‚◊c nexl= iy n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= úiska lrkq ,nk
rcfha iq/l=ïm;a oaú;Shsl fj<|fmd< ;=< fjf<|du iy jd¾;dlrKh
oaù;Shsl fj<|fmd< ;=< rcfha iq/l=ïm;a m%jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd tajdfha ñ, wkdjrKh ls¯fï l%shdj,sh iy úksúoNdjh
jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd" ishÆu n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= iy n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= my; i|yka ≤ iu`. 2016 iema;eïnr® ui
15 jeks †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† wkq.; úh hq;=h'
2' Y%S ,xldjg w∞< jk í¨ïnr®.a .kqfokq moaO;sh ^ia:djr wd∞hï iq/l=ïm;a - FIQ) my; ≤ i|yd fhd∞ .; hq;=
fõ'
^⁄& nexl= úiska wfkl=;a nexl= iy m%d:ñl fj<∫ka iu`. is≥ flfrk ishÆu ia:˙r mokula u; jQ .kqfokq is≥
ls¯u'
^⁄⁄& remsh,a ñ,shk 50 blaujk ia:ßr mokula u; jQ w;amsg .kqfokqj, M,∞ wkqmd;h iy .kqfokq m˙udjka tu
tla tla .kqfokqj wjidk ù úkdä 30 la we;=<; ° jdr®;d ls¯u'
3' ;e/õlrejka yryd is≥ lrk ,o .kqfokq by; 2 ^ii& hgf;a úl=Kqï mdr®Yjfha nexl= úiska jdr®;d l<
hq;= fõ'

nexl= wëlaIK wOHlaI rdcH Kh wêld¯

nexl= mk; hgf;a ksl=;a l< úOdkh 2016 wxl 01 2016 foieïnr® 29
n,m;%,dNS jd◊‚c nexl= iy n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= i|yd
ndi,a III hgf;a jk m%d.aOk wjYH;djhka
1988 wxl 30 ork nexl= mkf;a 19 ^7& ^w& iy 76 ^W& ^7& hk j.ka;s m%ldrj mjrd we;s n,;,j,g wkql+,j n,m;%,dNS jd◊c
nexl= iy n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= i|yd cd;Hka;r mshùï nexl=j (BIS) u.ska 2006 cqks ui yd 2010 foieïnr® ui ksl=;a
lr" 2011 cqks ui ixfYdaOkh lrk ,o udr®f.damfoaYkhka i,ld n,ñka" uqo,a uKav,h úiska wju m%d.aOk wkqmd;hka kshu
lrk ,°'
1' n,.ekaùu 1'1 n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= iy n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= u.ska iajlSh uq`M j;alï m%udKh
u; fyda fjk;a úfYaIs; j;alï ldKavhl m%udKh u; mj;ajdf.k hd hq;= wju m%d.aOk
wkqmd;hka" uqo,a uKav,h úiska uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 102 jk j.ka;sh m%ldrj l,ska l,g
ksl=;a lrkq ,nk ksfhda.hka u.ska kshu flfrkq we;'
1'2 uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 46 ^1& iy 76 ^ta& ^1& jk j.ka;s m%ldrj nexl= moaO;sfha Yla;su;aNdjh
iy;sl lrkq jia" ishÆu iy ´kEu n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jla fyda n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs;
nexl=jla fj; tu nexl= jHdmdrfha lsishï jHdmdr lghq;a;la mj;ajdf.k hdu ms<sn|
ksfhda.hka ksl=;a ls¯ug uqo,a uKav,h fj; n,h mej¯ we;'
2' úIh m:h 2'1 fuu ksfhda.hka ishÆ n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= iy n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= i|yd w∞<
jkq we;'
^⁄& flaj, yd jHdmdr iuQyh uÜgñka Y%S ,xldj ;=< ixia:dms;
^⁄⁄& iajdëk moku u; Y%S ,xldfjka msg; ixia:dmkh lrk ,o fyda msysgqjk ,o nexl=j,
YdLdjka
3' wju m%d.aOk wjYH;d 3'1 2017 cQ,s 01 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† iEu n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jla u yd n,m;%,dNS
iy iajdrlaIl úfYaIs; nexl=jla u úiska iEu úgl u fuys m<uq Wmf,aLkh m%ldr wj∞kï wkqj nr
;nk ,o uq`M j;alï u; wju m%d.aOk wkqmd; iy iajdrlaIl mj;ajd .; hq;=h'
3'2 my; ±lafjk 1 iy 2 j.=j, w∞< wkqmd; iy l%shd;aul l< hq;= †k jljdkq olajd we;'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 3

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

j.=j 1 - re' ì,shk 500 g wvq j;alï iys; nexl=

m%d.aOk ixrpl 01'07'2017 01'01'2018 01'01'2019
m%d.aOk ixrlaIK iajdrlaIl we;=`M m<uq fm< idudkH fldgia 5'75] 6'375] 7'00]
m%d.aOkh
m%d.aOk ixrlaIK iajdrlaIl we;=`M iuia; m<uq fm< m%d.aOkh 7'25] 7'875] 8'50]

m%d.aOk ixrlaIK iajdrlaIl we;=`M uq`M m%d.aOk wkqmd;h 11'25] 11'875] 12'50]
j.=j 2 - re' ì,shk 500 g jeä j;alï iys; nexl=
m%d.aOk ixrpl 01'07'2017 01'01'2018 01'01'2019
m%d.aOk ixrlaIK iajdrlaIl iy moaO;suh jYfhka jeo.;a jk 6'25] 7'375] 8'50]
nexl= i|yd jk m%d.aOk wêNdrh we;=`M" m<uq fm< idudkH fldgia
m%d.aOkh
m%d.aOk ixrlaIK iajdrlaIl iy moaO;suh jYfhka jeo.;a jk 7'75] 8'875] 10'00]
nexl= i|yd jk m%d.aOk wêNdrh we;=`M" iuia; m<uq fm< m%d.aOkh
m%d.aOk ixrlaIK iajdrlaIl iy moaO;suh jYfhka jeo.;a jk 11'75] 12'875] 14'00]
nexl= i|yd jk m%d.aOk wêNdrh we;=`M uq`M m%d.aOk wkqmd;h

4 wju m%d.aOk 4'1 fuys ˚˚ jk Wm f,aLkfha i|yka jk wdldrhg" wëlaIK iudf,dapk l%shdj,sh (SRP)
wjYH;d blaujk ms<sn| kshduk rduqfjys i|yka wjYH;djhka ie,ls,a,g .ksñka" iEu n,m;%,dNS
m%udKj;a m%d.aOkhla jd◊c nexl=jla u yd n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=jla u úiska ishÆ wjia:djkays °
mj;ajdf.k hdu tu nexl=j ksrdjrKh jkakd jQ ishÆu wj∞kï wdjrKh jk wdldrhg m%udKj;a
m%d.aOkhla mj;ajd .; hq;=h'
4'2 iEu n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jla yd n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=jla úiska u wëlaIK
iudf,dapk l%shdj,sfhys (SRP) i|yka wjYH;djhkag wkql+, jk m˙† nexl=fõ wNHka;r
m%d.aOk m%udKd;aul;d we.hSfï l%shdj,sh (ICAAP) m˙mQr®K f,i l%shd;aul l< hq;=h'
4'3 iEu n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jla iy n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=jla úiska u ish uQ,H jr®Ih
wjika ù udi 05 la we;=<; wOHlaI uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o wNHka;r m%d.aOk
m%udKd;aul;d we.hSfï l%shdj,sh ms<sn| f,aLkhla" nexl= wëlaIK wOHlaI fj; b†˙m;a
l< hq;=h'
5' fy<sorõ ls¯fï 5'1 2017 cQ,s 01 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† iEu n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jla u yd n,m;%,dNS
wjYH;d úfYaIs; nexl=jla u úiska ˚˚˚ jk Wmf,aLkfha i|yka jk wdldrhg flaj, yd jHdmdr
iuQyh uÜgñka m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,o uQ,H m%ldYhka ys i|yka m˙†" kshduk m%d.aOkh"
øjYS,;d yd wj∞kï l<ukdlrKh ms<sn|j jeo.;a f;dr;=re ikaikaokd;aul wdldrfhka
fy<sorõ l< hq;=h'
6' wkql+, ùu Wfoid 6'1' lsishï nexl=jlg by; kshduk m%d.aOk wkqmd;hka imqrd .ekSu Wfoid ;u m%.aOkh
mshjrhka jr®Okh lr .ekSug wjYH úfgl ° tn∫ nexl=jla 2017 cQ,s 01 †k isg l%shd;aul jkakd jQ
fuu úOdkhka ms<sme†h hq;=h'
6'2 hïlsis n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jla fyda n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=jla fuu úOdkhka
ms<sme°ug wiu;a jk wjia:djl °" tu úOdkhka l%shd;aul ls¯fuka wk;=rej tu l%shd;aul
ls¯ï nexl= wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI;=ud úiska ;yjqre ls¯ula is≥ lrk ;=re"
tn∫ n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jla fyda n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=jla úiska ,dNdxY f.ùu
w;aysgqúh hq;= w;r" ,dN fmr<d ishrg heùu fyda tn∫ n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=j fyda
n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=j i;= kshduk m%d.aOk ;;a;ajh ;j≥rg;a úhelS hk lsis≥
l%shdudr®.hla fkd.; hq;=h'
7' úOdkhka yd pl%f,aL
wfydais ls¯u my; i|yka úOdkhka yd pl%f,aL fuhska wfydais flfr®'
(i) jdr®Isl jdr®;dfjys m%udKj;a m%.aOk m%ldYk m%ldYhg m;a ls¯u ms<sn| 2001 udr®;= 20
†ke;s pl%f,aL wxl 02$04$002$0105$001 iy 02$04$002$0151$001

III fldgi - 4 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

(ii) nexl= u.ska ksl=;a lrkq ,nk kdjql wemlr ms<sn| 2004 foieïnr® 16 †ke;s pl%f,aL
wxl 02$04$003$0400$002
(iii) 2008 jir uq, isg l%shd;aul ls¯ug kshñ; jQ ndi,a ˚˚ m%udKj;a m%d.aOk rduqj
ms,sn|j 2007 foieïnr® 26 †k ksl;
= a lrk ,o pl%f,aLh
(iv) wju m%d.aOk wkqmd;hka mj;ajdf.k hdu ms<sn| nexl= mk; hgf;a 2007 ° ksl=;a
lrk ,o wxl 9 iy 10 ork úOdkhka
(v) nexl= mk; hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o 2011 wxl 7 ork n,m;%,dNS nexl= i|yd jk"
taldnoaO wj∞kï l<ukdlrK moaO;sh ms<sn| úOdkfhys (H) fldgfia olajd we;s
wkdjrK wjYH;djka
(vi) wju m%d.aOk wkqmd;hka ms<sn| ixfYdaê; úOdkhka i|yd nexl= mk; hgf;a 2011 °
ksl=;a lrk ,o wxl 9 iy 10 ork úOdkhka
(vii) ICRA ,xld ,sñgâ Kh fY%a◊.; ls¯fï ndysr wdh;khla f,i ms<s.ekSu ms<sn|j
ksl=;a lrk ,o 2012 foieïnr® 07 †ke;s pl%f,aL wxl 02$17$500$0086$001
(viii) wëlaIK úuiqï l%shdj,shg w∞< kshduk rduqj ^ndi,a II fojeks wdOdrlh& i|yd
nexl= mk; hgf;a" n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= iy n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= fj; ksl=;a
lrk ,o 2013 wxl 05 ork úOdkh
(ix) fufyhqï wj∞ku u; .Kkh l< nr ;enQ jákdlu ms<sn| m%ñ;s.; m%fõYh i|yd
2014 udr®;= 31 †k ksl=;a lrk ,o ixfYdaê; udr®f.damfoaYkh
(x) n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= iy n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= fj; ksl=;a lrk ,o" ndi,a
˚˚ m%d.aOk m%udKd;aul rduqj hgf;a fufyhqï wj∞ku u; .Kkh l< nr ;enQ
jákdlu ms<sn| m%ñ;s.; m%fõYh l%shd;aul ls¯u iïnkaOfhka 2014 udr®;= 31 †ke;s
pl%f,aL wxl 02$17$600$0029$001

wdpdr®h bkaø‚;a l=udriajdñ

uqo,a uKav,fha iNdm;s iy
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wêm;s
mdo igyk(
fuu úOdkfha ˚" ˚˚ iy ˚˚˚ hk Wmf,aLkhka i|yd my; i|yka wka;r®cd, ine¢h fj; fhduq jkak'
http//www.cbsl.gov.lk/pics_n_docs/09_n_lr/_docs/directions/bsd/bsd8_2016/banking_act_directions_no_01/2016/capital/requirements_basal_III_e.
pdf

YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd§ ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h

w;s úfYI
wxl 1969$17 - 2016 cqks ui 01 jeks nod∞ - 2016'06'01
^rcfha n,hmsg m%isoaO lrk ,°&
1 jeks fldgi ( (I) jeks fPoh - idudkH
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ksfõok
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska lrkq ,nk ksfõokhhs
1949 wxl 58 ork uqo,a kS;s mkf;a ^422 wêldrh& 10 ^iS& j.ka;sfha úêúOdk m%ldr Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a uKav,h úiska
ksl=;a lrk ,o fr.=,dishls'
,laIauka wr®cqk ufyakaøka"
iNdm;s"
uqo,a uKav,h - Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
2016 la jQ uehs ui 31 †k"
fld<U ° h'
uqo,a ;e/õlrK fr.=,dis
2013 wxl 1 ork uqo,a ;e/õlrK fr.=,dis i|yd ixfYdaOkh
1'1 fuu fr.=,dis §2016 wxl 1 ork uqo,a ;e/õlrK fr.=,dis¶ hkqfjka ye¢kaúh hq;=h'
2'1 2013 fmnrjd˙ 08 jeks †k wxl 1796$21 ork w;s úfYI .eiÜ m;%h u.ska m%isoaO lrk ,o 2013 wxl 1 ork uqo,a
;e/õlrK fr.=,dis my; ±lafjk m˙† ixfYdaOkh fõ'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 5

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

^1& fr.=,dish 20 wj,x.= lr ta i|yd u;= i|yka kj fr.=,dish wdfoaY ls¯u'

20'1 n,h,;a uqo,a ;e/õlrK iud.ï úiska" .Kqfokqldr mdr®Yaj úiska imhkq ,nk tla tla ñ< m%ldYk$,xiq
;eîï iy uqo,a ;e/õlrK iud.ï yryd is≥jk w;rue† .Kqfokq ms<sn| f;dr;=re Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska
uqo,a ;e/õlrK iud.ï fj; imhkq ,nk ux.; w;=reuqyqK;g (on-line interface) tu .Kqfokqj,ska miq úkdä
30 la fkdblaujk ld,hl° Wvq.; (upload) l< hq;= h'
20'2 fuys i|yka ld,h we;=<; i|yka lrk ,o f;dr;=re iemhSu ms<sn|j uqo,a ;e/õlrK iud.fï m%Odk úOdhl
ks,Od¯ iy$fyda .Kqfokq l=áfha (dealing room) n,Od˙hd j. lsj hq;= h'
20'3 ux.; ,xiq ;eîï moaO;sh (on-line bidding system) wl%Sh jkakd jQ wjia:dj,° ñ< m%ldYk$,xiq ;eîï f;dr;=re
yd .Kqfokq µelaia u.ska túh yelsh' flfia jqj;a moaO;sh mK .ekajqKq ú.i w∞< f;dr;=re moaO;shg Wvq.;
(upload) l< hq;= h'
3'1 fuu fr.=,dis 2016 cqks 01 jeks †k isg n,meje;afõ'
06 - 467

pl%f,aL wxl 35$03$016$007$001 2016 Tlaf;danr® 26

ishÆu iyNd.s;aj wdh;k i|yd
fj<|fmd< lghq;= i|yd jk taaldnoaO fufyhqï Wmfoia
2003 jifr® ° ilS%h újg fj<|fmd< lghq;= wdrïN ùu;a iuÛ" úáka úg fj<|fmd< lghq;= i|yd jk fufyhqï Wmfoia
pl%f,aLk ksl=;a lrk ,°' pl%f,aLk .Kk wju ls¯u" meye†,sNdjh by< kexùu iy ld,Sk fj<|fmd< ;;a;ajhkag fhda.H
jk m˙† fj<|fmd< lghq;= i|yd jk ishÆ pl%f,aLk taldnoaO f,aLkhlg m˙jr®;kh ls¯ug ;SrKh lrk ,°'
ta wkqj" fj<|fmd< iyNd.s;aj wdh;kj, b,a,Su m˙† is≥ l< fjkialï o wvx.=lr fufyhqï Wmfoia oyhla taldnoaO lr
we;' ks;H myiqlï ksujk fõ,dj iy újg fj<| lghq;= hgf;a jk WmlrK i|yd fuu fjkialï w∞< fõ'
2016 fkdjeïnr® 01 †k n,meje;afjk m˙† wuqKd we;s fj<|fmd< lghq;= i|yd jk taldnoaO fufyhqï Wmfoia iuÛ tlÛ
úh hq;= nj ishÆu iyN.s;aj wdh;k fj; fuhska ±kqï foa'
mS'ví'ã'tka'wdr®' frdä%f.da
wOHlaI$foaYSh lghq;=

1'0 Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ újg fj<| lghq;= i|yd jk fufyhqï Wmfoia i|yka jk fuu taldnoaO pl%f,aLKh 2016
fkdjeïnr® 01 †k isg n,meje;a fõ'
2'0 fuh Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o my; i|yka fufyhqï Wmfoia yd nef|a'

pl%f,aL wxlh ksl=;a lrk ,o †kh ud;Dldj

01 35$01$005$0006$04 2004 ckjd˙ 27 ksr®f,aLk iq/l=ïm;a i|yd jk Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ újg fj<|
lghq;= i|yd jk fufyhqï Wmfoia
02 35$01$005$0006$08 2004 uehs 03 ksr®f,aLk iq/l=ïm;a i|yd jk Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ újg fj<|
lghq;= i|yd jk fufyhqï Wmfoia
03 35$01$005$0006$17 2008 udr®;= 12 Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ újg fj<| lghq;= hgf;a uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a
ksr®f,aÅ; iajrEmfhka ksl=;a ls¯u i|yd jk fufyhqï Wmfoia
04 35$01$005$0006$18 2008 uehs 21 fjkafoais l%uh hgf;a †.= ld,Sk m%;sñ,°.ekqï .kqfokq i|yd jk
fufyhqï Wmfoia
05 35$01$005$0006$24 2009 udr®;= 19 fjkafoais l%uh hgf;a †.= ld,Sk m%;súl=Kqï .kqfokq i|yd jk
fufyhqï Wmfoia
06 35$01$005$0006$26 2009 uehs 21 Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ újg fj<| lghq;=
07 35$01$005$0006$27 2009 Tlaf;danr® 30 fjkafoais l%uh hgf;a úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .kqfokq i|yd jk
fufyhqï Wmfoia
08 35$01$005$0006$28 2009 fkdjeïnr® 06 Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ újg fj<| lghq;= hgf;a uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a
ksr®f,aÅ; iajrEmfhka ksl=;a ls¯u i|yd jk fufyhqï Wmfoia
09 35$01$005$0006$32 2013 cQ,s 24 ksr®f,aLk iq/l=ïm;a i|yd jk Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ újg fj<|
lghq;= i|yd jk fufyhqï Wmfoia
10 35$01$005$0006$33 2014 ckjd˙ 2 Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ újg fj<| lghq;= i|yd jk fufyhqï Wmfoia

III fldgi - 6 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

3'0 2016 fkdjeïnr® 01 jk †k n,meje;afjk m˙†" by; i|yka ishÆ pl%f,aLK bj;alr fuu pl%f,aLKh ^fu;eka isg
taldnoaO pl%f,aLKh f,i y∫kajk& ta fjkqjg fhd∞ .kakd nj ishÆu n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=" m%d:ñl fj<∫ka iy
fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo, ^fu;eka isg iyNd.s;aj wdh;k f,i y∫kajk& hk wdh;kj,g fuhska ±kqï fohs'
ldKav 1 ( ye¢kaùu
4'0 fmd,S wkqmd;sl fld˙fvdaj tkï ks;H fmd,S wkqmd;sl fld˙fvdaj ;=< wka;r® nexl= fmd,S wkqmd;sl ia:dhSj mj;ajd
.ekSu i|yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska iyNd.s;aj wdh;k iuÛ újg fj<| lghq;= mj;ajkq ,nhs' ks;H fmd,S wkqmd;sl
fld˙fvdafõ my< iSudj iy by< iSudj ms<sfj<ska ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd;slh iy ks;H Kh myiqlï wkqmd;slh f,i
ye¢kafõ' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ks;H fmd,S wkqmd;sl fld˙fvdaj udislj újrKhlr ta wkqj wjYH fjkialï
ksfõokh lrkq ,nhs'
5'0 ffoksl fj<|fmd< øjYS,;d uÜgu" fj<|fmd< øjYS,;d mqfrdal:kh" fj<|fmd< jr®Okhka iy m%;sm;a;s jd;djrKh
mokï lrf.k" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ fj<|fmd< fufyhqï lñgqj u`.ska fj<|fmd<g øjYS,;dj ,nd †h hq;= o"
fj<|fmdf<ka øjYS,;dj wjfYdaIKh l< hq;= o hkak iy tfia is≥ lrhs kï Ndú;d l< hq;= WmlrK jr®.h" m%udKh
iy m˙K; ld,h o ;SrKh lrkq ,nhs'
6'0 1' újg fj<| lghq;= hgf;a iyNd.s;aj wdh;kj,g my; i|yka WmlrK i|yd m%fõYh ysñ fõ'
w' flá ld,Sk fjkafoais
w' flá ld,Sk m%;sñ,°.ekqï fjkafoais
wd' flá ld,Sk m%;súl=Kqï fjkafoais
wd' †.= ld,Sk fjkafoais
w' †.= ld,Sk m%;sñ,°.ekqï fjkafoais
wd' †.= ld,Sk m%;súl=Kqï fjkafoais
we' ia:ßr mokula u; jQ fjkafoais
w' ia:ßr mokula u; iq/l=ïm;a wf,ú ls¯fï fjkafoais
wd' ia:ßr mokula u; iq/l=ïm;a ñ,° .ekSfï fjkafoais
wE' Y%S ,xld uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a yd iïnkaO .kqfokq
w' fjkafoais l%uh hgf;a Y%s ,xld uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a ksl=;a ls¯u
wd' fjkafoais l%uh hgf;a uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a úY%du .ekaùu
we' Y%S ,xld uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a kej; ñ,° .ekSfï (Buy-back) myiqlu
b' úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .kqfokq
w' .ekqï-úl=Kqï úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .súiqï
wd' úl=Kqï-.ekqï úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .súiqï
2' ks;H myiqlï hgf;a" iyNd.s;aj wdh;kj,g my; i|yka WmlrK i|yd m%fõYh ysñ fõ'
w' ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlu
wd' ks;H Kh myiqlu
ldKavh 2 ( iyNd.s;aj wdh;kk i|yd fmdÿ Wmfoia
7'0 Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska fj<|fmd< fufyhqï lñgqfõ ;SrKh úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh iy$fyda uqo,a fj<|fmd<
.kqfokq jdr®;d ls¯fï moaO;sh fyda fjkhï ´kEu M,∞hS ikaksfõok udr®.hla Ndú;d fldg fj<|fmd<g ksfõokh
lrkq ,nhs' ks;H myiqlu yer újg fj<| lghq;= meje;aùu i|yd fjkafoais l%uh Ndú;d lrkq ,efí' my; f√ofhys
i|yka wjia:djl yer wfkl=;a iEu wjia:djkays ° mj;sk w∞< l%uhla Ndú;d lr iyNd.s;aj wdh;kj,g ;u
.kqfokq$,xiqj úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï l%uh yryd b†˙m;a l< yel'
8'0 hïlsis iyNd.s;aj wdh;khlayg ldr®ñl f∞aIhla fya;=fjka úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;shg m%fõY úh fkdyels wjia:djl
°" tu iyNd.s;aj wdh;kh úiska b†˙m;a ls¯ug wfmalaId lrk ,xiqj fyda ks;H myiqlug wod< úia;r foaYSh lghq;=
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ újg fj<| lghq;= wxYhg ≥rl:k udr®.fhka tu w∞< fjkafoaish meje;afjk ld,isudj ;=< b†˙m;a
l< hq;=h' tfia ≥rl:k udr®.fhka b†˙m;a lrk ,o ,xiq" fjkafoaiSka fyda ks;H myiqlu hgf;a jk jákdlu w∞<
ld,iSudj ksudù úkdä 15 la we;=<; n,h,;a ks,Od¯ka fofofkl=f.a w;aik iy ldr®ñl f∞aIfha iajNdjh úia;r
iys;j olajñka µelaia fyda úoHq;a ;emE, u.ska ±kqï †h hq;=h' tu f;dr;=rej, n,h,;a ks,Od¯kaf.a ku iy Tjqkaf.a
;k;=re o we;=<;a úh hq;=h' w∞< iyNd.s;aj wdh;kh úiska foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=jg tu .kqfokqj moaO;shg
we;=<;a ls¯u i|yd tu .kqfokqj$,xiqjg w∞< ishÆu f;dr;=re iemhsh hq;=h' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska tf,i ,nd
fok ,o .kqfokqj$,xiqjg w∞<j ,nd≥ka f;dr;=re u; mokïj" w∞< f;dr;=re moaO;shg we;=<;a ls¯ug iyNd.s;aj
wdh;kh úiska is≥ lrk ,o b,a,Su i,ld n,kq ,nhs' jer† fyda wiïmQr®K f;dr;=re fya;=fjka" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg
w∞< whe°u m%;slafIam l< yel' by; i`oyka ld,iSudjg miq b†˙m;a flfrk ^≥rl:kfhka" µelaia fyda úoHq;a ;emE,
udr®.fhka& lsis≥ ,xiqjla Ndr.kq fkd,efí' tu m◊úvfha uq,a msgm; t†ku" †kfha jHdmd˙l lghq;= wjika ùug m%:u
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; ,eîug ie,eiaúh hq;=h'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 7

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

9'0 fuu taldnoaO pl%f,aLkfha ldKav 4 iy 5 úêúOdk hgf;a" iyNd.s;aj wdh;khla Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j iuÛ
m%;sñ,°.ekqï iy m%;súl=Kqï .kqfokq i|yd iyNd.s ùu" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a uKav,h iuÛ iyNd.s;aj wdh;k
t<ö we;s m%;sñ,°.ekqï iy m%;súl=Kqï i|yd jk m%Odk .súiqu yd iïnkaO fõ' m%;sñ,°.ekqï iy m%;súl=Kqï i|yd jk
m%Odk .súiqfuys i|yka jk fldkafoaiSka fuu fufyhqï Wmfoiaj,g o w∞< fõ'
10'0 fuu taldnoaO pl%f,aLkfha ldKav 3 úêúOdk hgf;a iyNd.s;aj wdh;khla Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j iuÛ flfrk ks;H
myiqlï .kqfokq" ^ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlu iy ks;H Kh myiqlu& Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a uKav,h iuÛ iyNd.s;aj
wdh;k t<U we;s ks;H myiqlu i|yd jk m%Odk .súiqu yd iïnkaO fõ' ks;H myiqlu i|yd jk m%Odk .súiqfuys
i|yka jk fldkafoaiSka fuu fufyhqï Wmfoiaj,g o w∞< fõ'
11'0 iyNd.s;aj wdh;kj,g fmr ±kqï°ulska wk;=rej fuu taldnoaO pl%f,aLKhkays tk lsishï kshuhla iy fyda fldgila
fjkia ls¯fï" wÆ;a ls¯fï fyda ixfYdaOkh ls¯fï whs;sh Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j i;=j we;'
12'0 m%Odk m%;sñ,°.ekqï yd m%;súl=Kqï .súiqu yd$fyda m%Odk ks;H myiqlï .súiqu iuÛ fuu taldnoaO pl%f,aLKh w;r
hï mriamr njla fyda fkd.e,mSula mj;sk úg fuu taldnoaO pl%f,aLKh w∞< jkq we;'
13'0 b†˙m;a lrk ñ, .Kka wjuh remsh,a ñ,shkhla ^re'1"000"000'00& úh hq;= w;r" tu ñ, .Kka remsh,a ñ,shkfhys
.=Kdldr úh hq;=h'
14'0 úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sfha hï ldr®ñl f∞aIhla ksid lsishï wdh;khlg miqj úia;r flfrk .kqfokqj,g w∞<j
;yjqre ls¯fï msgm;la$msgm;a ,nd.; fkdyels jQ úgl ° f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska iyNd.s;aj wdh;kfha
b,a,Su m˙† msgm;la$msgm;a µelaia lrkq ,efí'
15'0 ks;H Kh myiqlï .kqfokqjla fyda m%;súl=Kqï ,xiqjla fjkafoaishg b†˙m;a lrk úg" tu .kqfokqj$,xiqjg w∞<j
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg mjrd .kq ,nk iq/l=ïmf;ys uqyqK; w.h" tu iq/l=ïm;g w∞<j Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ks, .ekqï
ñ, mokï fldg f.k moaO;sh úiska iajhxl%Shj .Kkh lrhs' fuu ks, ñ, .Kka ,xldfilHq (LankaSecure) moaO;sfha
igyka j we;s w;r úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sfhka o ,nd.; yel'
16'0 iyNd.s;aj wdh;khlg ks;H Kh myiqlï .kqfokqjla fyda m%;súl=Kqï ,xiqjla i|yd cd;Hka;r iq/l=ïm;a y∫kd
.ekSfï wxl iys; iq/l=ïm;a (ISIN) ´kEu ixLHdjla fhd∞.; yelsh' ks;H Kh myiqlï .kqfokqjlg fyda m%;súl=Kqï
,xiqjlg tlg jvd jeä cd;Hka;r iq/l=ïm;a y∫kd .ekSfï wxl iys; iq/l=ïm;a ixLHdjla mjrd we;akï" tlS
iq/l=ïm;a fjku .kqfokqjla$,xiqjla f,i ie,fla'
17'0 w,dN m%;smQr®Kh
w' iyNd.s;aj wdh;khla .kqfokqj mshùï †kfha ° ,xiqjla$.kqfokqjla iïmQr®K ls¯ug wiu;a ùu'
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska iyNd.s;aj wdh;khl .kqfokqjla$,xiqjla Ndr.;a miq tu .kqfokqj iïmQr®K ls¯ug
iyNd.s;aj wdh;kh ne£ isáhs' hï f,ilska w∞< iyNd.s;aj wdh;kh .kqfokqj mshùï †kfha LankaSecure
jHdmd˙l lghq;= wjika ùug m%:u" mshùï .sKqfï fyda iyNd.s;aj wdh;kj, own accounts j, m%udKj;a wruqo,a
fyda m%udKj;a iq/l=ïm;a ;eîug wiu;a jqjfyd;a" w∞< .kqfokqfjys fmd,S wdka;slh ydks mQr®Khla f,i Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=jg f.úh hq;=h' fuu ydksh i|yd jQ uqo, .kqfokq mshùï †kg miqj t<fUk m%:u jHdmd˙l †kfha ° w∞<
iyNd.s;aj wdh;kfha Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ we;s mshùï .sKqug yr lrkq ,efí'
wd' iyNd.s;aj wdh;khla l,amsfrk †kfha ° .kqfokqj mshùu meyer ye¯u'
hïlsis iyNd.s;aj wdh;khla l,amsfrk †kfha ° ,xldfilHqfhys jHdmd˙l lghq;= wjika ùug m%:u" mshùï
.sKqfuys m%udKj;a wruqo,a mj;ajd .ekSug wiu;a jqjfyd;a w∞< .kqfokqfjys fmd,S wdka;slh Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg
f.úh hq;= w;r Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j tu .kqfokqj ia:ßr mokula u; jQ ñ,° .ekSula f,i i,lhs' tjeks wjia:djl
° tjeks iq/l=ïm;aj, .ekqï ñ,g jvd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ jr®;udk ks, ñ, .Kka jeä jQ úg" tu ñ, .Kkaj,
fjkig iudk uqo,la Y%S ,xld uy nexl= fj; f.úh hq;=h'
we' by; wd ;=<ska yg .kakd uqo, .kqfokq mshùfï †khg miqj t<fUk m%:u jHdmd˙l †kfha ° w∞< iyNd.s;aj
wdh;kfha Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ we;s mshùï .sKqug yr lrkq ,efí'
wE' iyNd.s;aj wdh;khla tla jrlg jvd .kqfokqjla iïmQr®K ls¯ug wfmdfydi;a jqjfyd;a fyda meyer ye˙hfyd;a"
tu iyNd.s;aj wdh;kh Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j iuÛ .kqfokq ls¯ug ,nd° we;s myiqlu wfydais l< yel'
18'0 fjkafoaishla ksujQ miq" lsis≥ fya;=jla u; iyNd.s;aj wdh;khlg b†˙m;a lrk ,o ,xiqjla ixfYdaOkh l< fkdyel'
19'0 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j ksrka;rj mj;ajk fjkafoaisj,g wu;rj" wjYH hehs yeÛShkafka kï tlu †kh ;=< ° w;sfr®l
fjkafoais meje;aúh yel'
20'0 iyNd.s;aj wdh;khl" ´kEu ,xiqjla ms<s.ekSu fyda m%;slafIam ls¯fï mQr®K whs;sh Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j i;= fõ'
21'0 Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska NdKavd.dr ì,m;a iy NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlrj, ks, .ekqï iy úl=Kqï ñ, .Kka jr®;udk
fj<|fmd< ñ, .Kka fjkiaùï u; mokïj ffokslj .Kkh flfr®'
22'0 .kqfokq l,a ms¯fï kshñ; †kh" y†isfha rcfha ksjdvq †khla jkafka kï" hï mdr®Yajhla yd w∞<j t†kg kshñ; jQ
.kqfokqj ms<sn|j lghq;= ls¯u t<fUk m%:u jHdmd˙l †kfha ° is≥ lrkq we;'
23'0 újg fj<| lghq;= i|yd Ndú;d lrk WmlrK ms<sn| idrdxYhla weuqKqfï we;'
24'0 ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlu yer wfkl=;a ishÆ lghq;= f.ùï u; Ndr°fï (Dilivery Versus Payment) moku u; is≥ lrkq ,nhs'
25'0 fjkafoais i|yd b†˙m;alr we;s m%udKhg jvd jeä m%udKhl ,xiq b†˙m;a lr we;s úg iy lvhsï ñ, hgf;a ,xiq

III fldgi - 8 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

tllg jvd b†˙m;alr we;s wjia:dj, ° b†˙m;a lr we;s ,xiqj,g iudkqmd;sl jk wkqmd;hla u; (Pro rata basis) mokïj
kshñ; m%udKfhka ,xiq ;enQ wdh;k fj; m%∞kh lrkq ,efí' ta wkqj lvhsï ñ, wjia:dfõ ° b†˙m;a lr we;s ,xiqj,
uqΩ m%udKfhka lsishï fldgila muKla ms<s.kS'
26'0 ffoksl jHdmd˙l lghq;= ksujk fõ,dj" ,xldfiÜ,a moaO;s kS;s (LankaSettle System Rules) 2'1 msgmf;ys 4 ldKavfhys
fyda tys kj;u msgmf;ys ksrEms; m˙† fõ' idudkHfhka" ,xldfilHqys (LankaSecure) jHdmd˙l lghq;= ksujk fõ,dj
16(30 meh fõ' flfia fj;;a" wkfmalaIs; wjia:djka yuqfõ f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ldrl igykg
wjia:dkql+, fjkialï ;u wNsu;h u; is≥ lrhs' fujka wjia:djl °" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j jHdmd˙l lghq;= ksujk
fõ,dj fjkia fldg th iyNd.s;aj wdh;k fj; ±kqï fokq we;'
27'0 iyNd.s;aj wdh;k úiska mshùfï Wmfoia ,nd°u wjYH fkdfõ'
28'0 ks;H Kh myiqlu (SLF)" fláld,Sk m%;súl=Kqï (STRRP) iy †.=ld,Sk m%;súl=Kqï (LTRRP) .kqfokq yd iïnkaOj
b†˙m;a l< iq/l=ïm;a wdfoaY ls¯ug wjir fkd,efí'
29'0 iyNd.s;aj wdh;kj,g foaYSh lghq;= m%;sñ,°.ekqfï .sKqfï (Domestic Operations Repurchase Account - DOP) we;s
iq/l=ïm;a .kqfokq l< fkdyel'
ldKavh 3 ( ks;H myiqlu
30'0 iyNd.s;aj wdh;kj,g Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wruqo,a ;ekam;a ls¯u i|yd ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlu o w∞< iq/l=ïm;a
b†˙m;a ls¯fuka miq wruqo,a Khg .ekSu i|yd ks;H Kh myiqlu o ffoksl myiqlï f,i Ndú;d l< yel' ks;H
myiqlu hgf;a ;ekam;a lrk fyda Khg .kakd wruqo,a m%udKh tlS wdh;khkaf.a wNsu;h u; is≥ fõ'
3'1 ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlu
31'0 ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlu ,nd .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk iyNd.s;aj wdh;k tu .kqfokqj úoHq;a ux.; ,xiq moaO;sh
;=<ska b†˙m;a ls¯fuka ;yjqre l< hq;= w;r" foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=fõ újg fj<| lghq;= wxYh fj; ≥rl:k fyda
µelaia udr®.fhka fuu myiqlu hgf;a ;ekam;a ls¯ug wfmalaId lrkq ,nk m%udKh 15(15 meh jk úg ±kqï †h hq;=h'
32'0 ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlu i|yd w∞< jk fmd,S wkqmd;slh Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï wkqmd;slh jk
w;r" th w∞< fmd,S m%udKh ;ekam;=j mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk ld,iSudj wkqj .Kkh lrkq we;'
33'0 Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska iyNd.s;aj wdh;k úiska ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlu hgf;a
;ekam;a ls¯ug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk wruqo,a m%udKh tu wdh;kj, mshùï .sKqï j,ska ^;;ald,Sk o< mshjqï moaO;s .sKqu&
t†k 16(00 jk mehg m%:u iDcqju yr lrkq ,efí'
34'0 w∞< .kqfokqj ;yjqre ls¯u ms<sn| t†ku 16(00 jk mehg m%:u f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska tu iyNd.s;aj
wdh;k fj; úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh u.ska úoHq;a ;yjqrejla ksl=;a lrkq ,efí'
35'0 ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlfuys ;ekam;a lrkq ,enQ uqo,g iudk uqo,la .sKqug yr jQ njg ;yjqre ls¯ug" FIN 900 hgf;a
;yjqre ls¯fï SWIFT yrm;a m◊úvh w∞< .sKqï ysñhdg hjkq ,efí'
36'0 l,amsfrk †kfha °" f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 08(30 mehg fyda Bg m%:u" uQ,sl ;ekam;= w.h iy w∞<
fmd,sh iyNd.s;aj wdh;kfhys mshùï .sKqug ner lrkq ,efí'
37'0 l,amsfrk †kfha °" 08(30 mehg fyda Bg m%:u" by; uqo, .sKqug ner jQ njg ;yjqre ls¯ug FIN 910 hgf;a ;yjqre ls¯fï
SWIFT nerm;a m◊úvh w∞< .sKqï ysñhdg hjkq ,efí'

3'2 ks;H Kh myiqlu

38'0 m%;súl=Kqï .kqfokq uQ,Or®u u; ks;H Kh myiqlu ls%hd;aul fõ' ks;H Kh myiqlu hgf;a Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
úiska NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy$fyda NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr wdmiq úls”fï .súiqula u; hï tlÛ jQ †khl° hï tlÛ jQ
ñ,lg ^.ekqï ñ,& ñ,° f.k hï tlÛ jQ ñ,lg ^m%;sñ,°.ekqï ñ,& hï tl`. jQ †khl° wdmiq úls”fï .súiqula
u; iyNd.s;aj wdh;khkaf.ka ñ,° .kq ,efí'
39'0 m%;sñ,°.ekqï ñ, wdo< iq/l=ïmf;ys .ekqï ñ, iy w∞< .kqfokqfjys fmd,S m%udKfhys tl;=fjka iukaú; fõ'
40'0 ks;H Kh myiqlu i|yd w∞< jk fmd,S wkqmd;slh Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ks;H Kh myiqlï wkqmd;slh jk w;r th
w∞< Kh uqo,a ,nd.kakd ld,iSuj i|yd .Kkh lrkq we;'
41'0 ks;H Kh myiqlu ,nd .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk wdh;k tu .kqfokq iy Bg w∞< iq/l=ïm;aj, úia;r úoHq;a ux.;
,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh ;=<ska ;yjqre l< hq;= w;r" foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=fõ újg fj<| lghq;= wxYh fj; ≥rl:k
fyda µelaia udr®.fhka fuu myiqlu hgf;a ,nd .ekSug wfmalaId lrkq ,nk jákdlu 15(15 mehg m%:u ±kqï †h hq;=h'
42'0 f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska iyNd.s;aj wdh;kfha mshùï .sKqug iq/l=ïm;aj, .ekqï ñ, ^wh≥ï l<
m%udKh& ner ls¯fuka iy ,xldfilHqys (LankaSecure) we;s Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ foaYSh m%;súl=Kqï .sKqug (DRP) ñ,°
.;a iq/l=ïm;a ,eîu;a iuÛ t†ku 16(15 jk úg .kqfokqj mshjkq ,efí'
43'0 ms<s.;a jákdlu" cd;Hka;r iq/l=ïm;a y∫kd .ekSfï wxl iys; iq/l=ïm;a" uqyqK; w.hka" M,∞ wkqmd;slh iy
m˙K; †kh iys;j ks;H Kh myiqlï .kqfokqfõ ;yjqrejla f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska w∞< iyNd.s;aj
wdh;khg úoHq;a" ux.; ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh Tiafia t†ku 16(15 jk úg b†˙m;a lrkq ,nhs'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 9

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

44'0 m˙K; †kfha °" iq/l=ïm;aj, kej; úl=Kqï w.h ^m%;súl=Kqï ñ,& g w∞< wruqo,a Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ mshùï .sKqug
,eîu;a iuÛu" t†k 11(00 meh jkúg" Y%s ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ,xldfilHqys (LankaSecure) iyNd.s;aj wdh;kfha
iq/l=ïm;a .sKqug ñ,g .;a iq/l=ïm;a yqjudre ls¯u is≥ lrhs'
ldKav 4 ( fláld,Sk fjkafoais
45'0 fláld,Sk fjkafoais m%;sñ,°.ekqï iy m%;súl=Kqï .kqfokq hk fohdldrhg is≥ fõ' fláld,Sk fjkafoaisj, ld,
iSudj †kl isg i;shla olajd fõ' fuys j.ka;s 5'0 ys i|yka wdldrhg fjkafoaishg wod< ld, iSudj iy m%udKh
fj<|fmd< fufyhqï lñgqj u.ska ;SrKh lrhs' t†ku mshùfï moku u; T+0 mshùï lghq;= is≥ fõ'
46'0 t†k 09(30 meh jk úg Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ fj<|fmd< fufyhqï lñgqfõ ;SrKh ksfõokh lrhs' fuu ksfõokfhys
b†˙m;a lr we;s fjkafoaish jr®.h ^fláld,Sk m%;sñ,°.ekqï fyda fláld,Sk m%;súl=Kqï&" b†˙m;a l< jákdlu iy
m˙K; †kh ^ld,h& we;=<;a fõ' meh 11(00 isg meh 11(30 olajd w∞< fjkafoaish meje;a fõ'
47'0 tla fjkafoaishla i|yd Wm˙u jYfhka iyNd.s;aj wdh;khlg ,xiq 3 la b†˙m;a l< yels w;r" uqΩ jákdlu w∞<
fjkafoaisfhys b†˙m;a l< jákdlug iSud fõ' tla tla ,xiqfjys ;u ;uka wdfhdackh ls¯ug fyda Khg ,nd .ekSug
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk jákdlu iy wkqrEmj ,xiq ;nk fmd,S wkqmd;slh i|yka úh hq;=h'
4'1 fláld,Sk m%;sñ,°.ekqï fjkafoais
48'0 fláld,Sk m%;sñ,°.ekqï fjkafoaisfhys wdfhdackh ls¯ug leu;s iyNd.s;aj wdh;k ;u ,xiqj ia:dms; lr we;s úoHq;a
ux.; ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh u`.ska w∞< fjkafoais ksfõokh hgf;a b†˙m;a l< hq;=h' ks;H Kh myiqlï wkqmd;slhg
fyda Bg by< wkqmd;slhlg b†˙m;a jk ,xiq m%;slafIam flfr®'
49'0 w∞< fjkals¯ï is≥ flfrkafka idr®:l ,xiq ;nkakka úiska b†˙m;a l< j,x.= ,xiqj, fmd,S wkqmd;slhkaf.a wdfrdayK
ms<sfj<gh'
50'0 fláld,Sk m%;sñ,°.ekqï fjkafoaisfha m%;sM,h ,enqKq uqΩ ,xiq m%udKh" ms<s.;a uqΩ m%udKh;a" n˙; idudkH
m%;sñ,°.ekqï wkqmd;slhka i|yka lrñka 12(00 mehg úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh u.ska ksfõokh lrkq ,efí' ishÆu
iyNd.s;aj wdh;kj,g fjkafoaisfha m%;sM,h ^m%;slafIam" ms<s.;a fyda fldgila muKla ms<s.;a ,xiq& 12(00 meh jk úg
úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh u.ska ±kqï fokq ,efí'
51'0 tla tla j,x.= ,xiq fjkqfjka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ks, úl=Kqï ñ, .Kka Ndú;d fldg fláld,Sk m%;sñ,°.ekqï
fjkafoaisfha ° mss˙keuqKq m%udKhg i˙,k m˙† iq/l=ïm;a fjka ls¯u is≥ lrk w;r" .kqfokqj idr®:l jQ iyNd.s;aj
wdh;k fj; úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh ;=<ska m%;sM, ksl=;alr mehla we;=<; °" úoHq;a jYfhka .kqfokqj ;yjqre
ls¯ula ksl=;a lrkq ,efí'
52'0 .kqfokq mshùu" ,xldfiÜ,a (LankaSettle) ys iei∫ .kqfokq fhduq ls¯fï Matched Trad Feed (MTF) myiqlu hgf;a is≥ lrkq
,efí' wf,ú l< iq/l=ïm;aj, úl=Kqï jákdlu fjkqfjka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ mshùï .sKqug wruqo,a ^ms<s.;a m%udKh&
,eîu;a iuÛ ta i|yd ,nd†h hq;= iq/l=ïm;a w∞< iyNd.s;aj wdh;kfhys foaYSh fufyhqï .sKqug (DOP) udre ls¯fuka"
f.ùï yd mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 13(15 meh fyda Bg fmr .kqfokq mshjkq ,nhs'
53'0 fjkafoaisfha idr®:l jQ iyNd.s;aj wdh;k úiska ñ,°.;a iq/l=ïm;aj, jákdlu ^ms<s.;a m%udKh& mshùu i|yd meh 13(15
jk úg mshùfï .sKqfï m%udKj;a fYaIhla mj;ajd .ekSug j.n,d .; hq;= fõ'
54'0 l,amsfrk †kfha ^m%;sñ,°.ekqï †k& f.ùï yd mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska úl=Kk ,o iq/l=ïm;a ,xldfilHqys
(LankaSecure) Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ Own Account .sKqug fyda foaYSh lghq;= Kh .sKqug (Domestic Operations Borrowed
Account -DOB) ,eîu;a iuÛ" 08(30 meh fyda Bg fmr w∞< m%;sñ,°.ekqï ñ," iyNd.s;aj wdh;khkays mshùfï .sKqug
f.jkq ,efí'
55'0 m%;sñ,°.ekqï ñ," .ekqï ñ, ^ms<s.;a m%udKh& iy iyNd.s;aj wdh;k úiska ,xiq ;nk ,o fmd,S wkqmd;h u; .Kkh
l< fmd,S m%udKfhys tl;=fjka iukaú; fõ' ms<s.;a m%udKh" iyNd.s;aj wdh;kfhys tu ,xiqjg w∞< fmd,S wkqmd;slh
iy .súiqug w∞< ld,iSudj mokïj fmd,S m%udKh .Kkh l< hq;= fõ'
56'0 iyNd.s;aj wdh;kk úiska l,a msfrk †kfha ^m%;sñ,°.ekqï †k& fláld,Sk m%;sñ,°.ekqï .kqfokqj iïmQr®Kfhka
m%;sjr®;kh ls¯u i|yd 08(30 meh jk úg ,xldfilHqys (LankaSecure) foaYSh lghq;= m%;sñ,°.ekqï .sKqfuys (DOP)
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fjka ms<s.;a iq/l=ïm;a r|jd ;nd .ekSug j.n,d.; hq;=h'

4'2 fláld,Sk m%;súl=Kqï .kqfokq

57'0 fláld,Sk m%;súl=Kqï .kqfokq fjkafoaisfhys wdfhdackh ls¯ug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk iyNd.s;aj wdh;k úiska Tjqkaf.a
,xiq" ia:dms; lr we;s úoHq;a ux.; ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh u.ska w∞< fjkafoais ksfõokh hgf;a is≥ l< hq;=h' iyNd.s;aj
wdh;k ish ,xiqj iuÛ cd;Hka;r iq/l=ïm;a y`≥kd.ekSfï wxlhka b†˙m;a l< hq;=h' ks;H ;ekam;= wkqmd;slh fyda
Bg my< wkqmd;slhkag b†˙m;a lrk ,xiq m%;slafIam flfr®'
58'0 w∞< fjkals¯ï is≥ lrkq ,nkafka idr®:l ,xiq ;nkakka b†˙m;a l< ñ, wkqmd;slhkaf.a wjfrdayK ms<sfj<gh'
59'0 ,enqKq uqΩ ,xiq m%udKh" ms<s.;a m%udKh iy n˙; idudkH wkqmd;sl i|yka lrñka 12(00 mehg úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï
moaO;sh u.ska fláld,Sk m%;súl=Kqï fjkafoaisfha m%;sM,h ksfõokh lrkq ,efí' iEu ,xiq ;enQ whgu ^iyNd.s;aj
wdh;k& fjkafoais m%;sM,h ^,xiq m%;slafIamh" ms<s.ekSu fyda fldgila muKla ms<s.ekSu& 12(00 meh jkúg úoHq;a ,xiq
;eîfï moaO;sh u.ska ±kqï fokq ,efí'

III fldgi - 10 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

60'0 fláld,Sk m%;súl=Kqï .kqfokq i|yd jk ;yjqre ls¯ula" iEu idr®:l iyNd.s;aj wdh;k fj; úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï
moaO;sh ;=<ska m%;sM, ksl=;a lr mehla we;=<; ° ksl=;a lrkq ,efí' fuu ;yjqrejg fjka l< iq/l=ïm;aj, cd;Hka;r
iq/l=ïm;a y`≥kd.ekSfï wxlh iy w∞< uqyqK; jákdlu ^,xiqfõ fldgila muKla ms<s.;fyd;a uqyqK; jákdlfuys
kej; .Kkh l< w.h&" ms<s.;a m%udKh iy úl=Kqï ñ, we;=<;a fõ'
61'0 .kqfokq mshùu ,xld fiÜ,ays (LankaSettle) ieiª .kqfokq fhduq ls¯fï (MTF) myiqlu hgf;a t†ku 13(15 mehg is≥
lrkq ,efí' f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ,xldfilHqys we;s Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ foaYSh fufyhqï m%;súl=Kqï
.sKqug (DRP) ñ,°.;a iq/l=ïm;a m%udKh ,eîu;a iuÛ" iyNd.s;aj wdh;kfha mshùï .sKqug iq/l=ïm;aj, .ekqï ñ,
^ms<s.;a m%udKh& ner lrkq ,efí'
62'0 l,amsfrk †kfha ° ^m%;súl=Kqï †kfha °& Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ñ,° .;a iq/l=ïm;aj, wdmiq úls”ï jákdlu
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ mshùï .sKqug f.ùu;a iuÛu ,xldfilHqys we;s iyNd.s;aj wdh;kfha iq/l=ïm;a .sKqug ñ,°.;a
iq/l=ïm;a 11(00 mehg fmr kej; udre lrkq ,efí'
63'0 kej; úls”fï jákdlu iq/l=ïmf;ys ñ,°.;a jákdlu ^ms<s.;a jákdlu& iy w∞< ,xiqfõ fmd,S wdka;slfhka
iukaú; fõ' w∞< ,xiqfõ fmd,S wdka;slh ms<s.;a jákdlu iy .súiqug wkqj iyNd.s;aj wdh;kj, ,xiqfõ ld,iSudj
iy Bg w∞< fmd,S wkqmd;slh mokï fldg f.k .Kkh lrkq ,efí'
ldKav 5 ( È.=ld,Sk fjkafoais
64'0 †.=ld,Sk fjkafoais m%;sñ,°.ekqï iy m%;súl=Kqï fjkafoais j,ska iukaú; fõ' †.=ld,Sk fjkafoaisj, ld,iSudj i;shlg
jvd jeä fõ'
65'0 meh 09(30 jkúg" †.=ld,Sk fjkafoaishla meje;aùu iïnkaOfhka" fjf<`ofmd< fufyhqï lñgqfõ ;SrKh fjkafoaish
mj;ajkq ,nk †kfha fyda Bg fmr jevlrk †kfha ° uy nexl=j úiska ksfõokh lrkq ,efí' mj;ajkq ,nk fjkafoais
jr®.h ^†.=ld,Sk m%;sñ,°.ekqï fyda †.=ld,Sk m%;súl=Kqï&" b†˙m;a lrkq ,nk jákdlu" m˙K; jk †kh ^ld,iSudj&"
fjkafoaish mj;ajkq ,nk †kh iy mshùï lghq;= is≥jk †kh fuu ksfõokfha we;=<;a fõ'
66'0 iyNd.s;aj wdh;khlg" 6 l Wm˙uhlg hg;aj ,xiq b†˙m;a l< yels w;r ,xiqj, uqΩ jákdlu w∞< fjkafoaisfha
b†˙m;a l< jákdlu fkdblauúh hq;=h' iEu ,xiqjlu Tjqka úiska wdfhdackh$Khg .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;=jk
jákdlu iy Bg w∞< fmd,S wkqmd;sl i|yka l< hq;=h' fjkafoaish 13(00 mefha isg 14(00 meh olajd mj;ajkq ,nhs'
mshùï lghq;= B<Û jHdmd˙l †kfha ° is≥ lrkq ,nhs'

5'1 †.=ld,Sk m%;sñ,°.ekqï fjkafoais

67'0 †.=ld,Sk m%;sñ,°.ekqï fjkafoaishlg iyNd.sùug wfmalaId lrkq ,nk iyNd.s;aj wdh;k úiska Tjqkaf.a ,xiq w∞<
fjkafoais ksfõokhg wkqj úoHq;a ux.; ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh yryd ±kqï †h hq;= fõ'
68'0 idr®:l ,xiq ;nkakka úiska ,nd≥ka fmd,S wkqmd;sl wdfrdayK l%uhg ilid ta u; mokïj w∞< fjkals¯ï is≥ lrkq
,nhs'
69'0 †.=ld,Sk m%;sñ,°.ekqï fjkafoaiSfha m%;sM,h" fjkafoaish wjika ù úkdä 30 lg miq úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh yryd
,enqKq ,xiq m%udKh" ms<s.;a m%udKh iy n˙; idudkH fmd,S wkqmd;slh ,nd foñka is≥ lrkq ,efí' iEu ,xiq ;enq
whgu Tjqkaf.a ,xiqfõ m%;sM,h ^,xiqj m%;slafIam ls¯u" ms<s.ekSu fyda fldgila muKla ms<s.ekSu& úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï
moaO;sh yryd meh 14(30 jk úg olajkq ,efí'
70'0 iEu idr®:l ,xiqjlgu Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ks, ld,Sk úl=Kqï ñ, .Kka wkqj †.=ld,Sk m%;sñ,°.ekqï fjkafoaisfha
° ms<s.;a m%udKhg iq/l=ïm;a fjka l< hq;= w;r iEu idr®:l iyNd.s;aj wdh;khlgu m%;sM, ksl=;a ls¯fuka mehla
we;=<; †.=ld,Sk m%;sñ,°.ekqï .kqfokqj ;yjqre ls¯ula úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh ;=<ska lrkq ,efí' tu ;yjqre
ls¯ug cd;Hka;r iq/l=ïm;a y∫kd .ekSfï wxlh" fjka l< iq/l=ïm;aj, uqyqK; jákdlu" ms<s.;a m%udKh iy kej;
ñ,° .ekSfï w.h iy l,amsfrk †kh we;=<;a fõ'
71'0 mshùï †kfha ° ,xld fiÜ,a moaO;sfha ieieª .kqfokq myiqlu (MTF) yryd .kqfokq mshjkq ,efí' f.ùï iy mshùï
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska by; fjka l< iq/l=ïm;a ^ñ,°.;a iq/l=ïm;a& ,xldfilHq moaO;sfha w∞< iyNd.s;aj wdh;kfha
.sKqug (DOP) yqjudre ls¯ug tfrysj Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ mshùï .sKqug iq/l=ïm;ays úl=Kqï jákdlug ^ñ,° .;a w.h&
w∞< uqo,a ,eîu is≥ lrñka meh 08(30 g fyda Bg fmr .kqfokq mshùu is≥ lrkq ,efí'
72'0 iEu idr®:l iyNd.s;aj wdh;khlau f.ùï yd mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=jg iq/l=ïm;ays úl=Kqï úákdlu ^ms<s.;a m%udKh&
iïmQr®Kfhka whlr .ekSug yelsjk m˙† mshùï †kfha ° meh 08(30 jk úg wjYH uqo,a m%udKh ;u mshùï .sKqfï
mj;ajd .ekSug j.n,d .; hq;=h'
73'0 l,amsfrk †kfha ° ^kej; ñ,° .kakd †kh& f.ùï yd mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska meh 08(30 g fyda Bg fmr
iq/l=ïm;a kej; ñ,° .kakd w.h iyNd.s;aj wdh;kfha mshùï .sKqug ner ls¯ug tfrysj úlsKQ iq/l=ïm;a ,xldfilHqys
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ (OWN / DOB) .sKqug yqjudre ls¯u is≥ lrkq ,efí'
74'0 kej; ñ,° .kakd w.h" iq/l=ïm;a úlsKQ ñ, ^ms<s.;a m%udKh& iy w∞< ,xiqfõ fmd,S m%udKfhka iukaú; fõ' fmd,S
m%udKh .Kkh lrkq ,nkafka ms<s.;a m%udKh iyNd.s;aj wdh;kfha ,xiqfõ fmd,S wkqmd;slh iy .súiqfï ld,iSudj
^m˙K; ld,h& fhd∞ .ekSfuks'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 11

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

5'2 †.=ld,Sk m%;súl=Kqï fjkafoais

75'0 †.=ld,Sk m%;súl=Kqï fjkafoais ;=<ska uqo,a ,nd .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk iyNd.s;aj wdh;k úoHq;a ux.; ,xiq ;eîfï
moaO;sh yryd ;u ,xiq b†˙m;a l< hq;=h' iyNd.s;aj wdh;k ;uka úls”ug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk iq/l=ïm;a m%udKh"
cd;Hka;r iq/l=ïm;a y∫kd .ekSfï wxl iys; iq/l=ïm;a m%udKh o ,xiq iuÛ b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
76'0 idr®:l ,xiq ;nkakl= úiska b†˙m;a l< ,xiqj, fmd,S wkqmd;slj, wjfrdayK ms<sfj<g uqo,a ,nd°u is≥ lrkq ,nhs'
77'0 †.=ld,Sk m%;súl=Kqï fjkafoisfha m%;sM, fjkafoaish wjika ù ñks;a;= 30 lg miq úoHq;a ux.; ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh
yryd ,enqKq ,xiq m%udKh" ms<s.;a m%udKh iy n˙; idudkH fmd,S wkqmd;slh ,nd fokq ,efí' iEu ,xiq ;enQfjl= ygu
Tjqkaf.a ,xiqfõ m%;sM,h" ^,xiqj m%;slafIam ls¯u" ms<s.ekSu fyda fldgila muKla ms<s.ekSu& úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh
yryd fjkafoais wjika ù ñka;= 30 lg miqj okajkq ,efí'
78'0 †.=ld,Sk m%;súl=Kqï .kqfokqj i|yd jk ;yjqre ls¯ula" iEu idr®:l iyNd.s;aj wdh;khla fj; úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï
moaO;sh ;=<ska m%;sM, ksl=;a lr mehla we;=<; ° ksl=;a lrkq ,efí' fuu ;yjqrejg fjka l< iq/l=ïm;aj, cd;Hka;r
iq/l=ïm;a y∫yd .ekSfï wxlh iy w∞< uqyqK; jákdlu ^,xiqj fldgila muKla ms<s.;fyd;a uqyqK; jákdlfuys
kej; .Kkh l< w.h& ms<s.;a m%udKh yd úl=Kqï ñ, we;=<;a úh hq;=h'
79'0 .kqfokqj mshùu ,xldfiÜ,ays ieiª .kqfokq fhduq ls¯fï (MTF) myiqlu hgf;a t†ku 11(45 mehg fyda Bg m%:u is≥
lrkq ,efí' ,xldfilHqys we;s Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ foaYSh fufyhqï m%;súl=Kqï .sKqug (DRP) ms<s.;a iq/l=ïm;a m%udKh
,eîu;a iuÛ iyNd.s;aj wdh;kfha mshùï .sKqug iq/l=ïm;aj, .ekqï ñ, ^ms<s.;a m%udKh& ner ls¯u u.ska mshjkq
,efí'
80'0 l,amsfrk †kfha ° ^kej; úl=Kqï †kh& Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ñ,° .;a iq/l=ïm;aj, wdmiq úls”fï jákdlu
^m%;sñ,°.ekqï ñ,& Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ mshùï .sKqug f.ùu;a iuÛu ,xldfilHqfhys we;s iyNd.s;aj wdh;kfha
iq/l=ïm;a .sKqug ñ,° .;a iq/l=ïm;a 11(00 mehg m%:u kej; udre lrkq ,efí'
81'0 kej; úls”fï jákdlu" iq/l=ïmf;ys ñ,° .;a jákdlu ^ms<s.;a jákdlu& iy w∞< ,xiqfõ fmd,S m%udKfhka
iukaú; fõ' w∞< ,xiqfõ fmd,S m%udKh .Kkh lrkq ,nkafka ms<s.;a jákdlu iy .súiqug wkqj w∞< iyNd.s;aj
wdh;kfha ,xiqfõ ld,iSudj iy w∞< fmd,S wkqmd;slh mokï fldgf.kh'
ldKavh 6 ( iaÓr moku u; fjkafoais
82'0 Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j i;=j we;s NdKavd.dr ì,am;a fyda ne∫ïlr úls”u fyda oaú;ShSl fj<|fmdf<ka NdKvd.dr ì,am;a
yd$fyda ne∫ïlr ñ,g .ekSug ia:ßr moku u; jQ fjkafoais meje;aùug Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg ;SrKh l< yel'
83'0 fjf<`ofmd< fufyhqï lñgqfõ ;SrKh wkqj" ks;H moku u; jk fjkafoais meje;aùu ms<sn|j tu fjkafoaish mj;ajkq
,nk †kfha 09(30 meh jkúg fyda Bg fmr jHdmd˙l †kfha ° uy nexl=j úiska m%ldYhg m;alrkq ,nhs' w∞< fjkafoaisfha
jr®.h ^ks;H moku u; NdKavd.dr ì,am;a úls”u fyda ñ,g .ekSu&" b†˙m;a lrkq ,nk$ms˙kuk m%udKh ^w∞<
iq/l=ïmf;ys uqyqK; jákdlu&" m˙K; jk †kh" m˙K; ùu i|yd we;s †k .Kk" fjkafoais mj;ajkq ,nk †kh iy
mshùï lghq;= is≥jk †kh hkd†fhka fuu m%ldYh iukaú; fõ' ia:ßr moku u; is≥jk fjkafoaisj, mshùï lghq;=
fjkafoaish meje;ajQ †kg miq m<uq jHdmd˙l †kfha ° is≥ lrkq ,efí'
84'0 fjkafoaish mj;ajk †k 13(00 jk iy 14(00 jk meh w;r;=r iEu iyNd.s;aj wdh;khla úiskau Wm˙uh ,xiq 6 lg
hg;aj ,xiq ;eîu is≥ l< hq;= w;r ,xiq ;eìh yels uqΩ jákdlu w∞< fjkafoaish i|yd b†˙m;a l< jákdlug iSud
fõ' iEu ,xiqjlau Tjqka úiska ñ,° .ekSug fyda úls”ug woyia lrk iq/l=ïm;aj, uqyqK; jákdlu" ñ,° .ekSug
fyda úls”ug w∞< NdKavd.dr ì,am;a$ne∫ïlrj, m˙K; ld,iSudj" ñ,° .kq ,nk NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlrj, l+mka
wkqmd;slh iy l+mka †kh" wfmalaIs; fmd,S wkqmd;slh ^M,∞ wkqmd;slh& iy wfmalaIs; ñ, hkd†fhka iukaú; úh
hq;=h'
6'1 ia:ßr moku u; NdKavd.dr ì,am;a$ne∫ïlr úls”fï fjkafoais
85'0 ia:ßr moku u; NdKavd.dr ì,am;a úls”fï fjkafoaishl ° NdKavd.dr ì,am;a fyda ne∫ïlr ñ,g .ekSug woyia lrkq
,nk iyNd.s;aj wdh;kk úiska w∞< fjkafoais ksfõokhg wkqrEmj Tjqkaf.a ,xiqj w∞< fjkafoais †kfha ° úoHq;a
ux.; ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh yryd b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
86'0 idr®:l ,xiq ;nkafkl= úiska b†˙m;a lrk ,o fmd,S wkqmd;slj, ^M,∞ wkqmd;sl& wdfrdayK ms<sfj<g mokïj úls”u
is≥ lrkq ,efí'
87'0 ,enqKq uqΩ ,xiq m%udKh" ms<s.kq ,enQ ,xiq m%udKh iy tys n˙; idudkH M,∞ wkqmd;slh jeks f;dr;=re ,nd foñka
úoHq;a ux.; ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh hgf;a w∞< fjkafoaish mj;ajd wjidk ù úkdä 30 lska miqj ia:ßr moku u;
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a$ne∫ïlr úls”fï fjkafoaishg w∞< m%;sM, ksfõokh lrkq ,efí' w∞< fjkafoaish meje;ajQ †kfha
° iEu ,xiq ;nkafkl=gu ^w∞< ,xiqj m%;slafIam ùu" ms<s.ekSu fyda fldgila ms<s.ekSu& tys m%;sM,h iq/l=ïm;g w∞<
úl=Kqï ñ, .Kka o iuÛ w∞< fjkafoaish wjika ù úkdä 30 lska miqj úoHq;a ux.; ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh hgf;a ±kqï
fokq ,efí'
88'0 mshùï †kfha °" ,xldfiÜ,ays iei∫ .kqfokq fhduq ls¯fï (MTF) myiqlu yryd w∞< mshùï lghq;= is≥ lrkq ,nhs'
mshùï †kfha 08(30 mefha ° fyda Bg fmr f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska" úl=Kk ,o iq/l=ïm;aj, jÜgï lrk
,o jákdlu Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fjys mshùfï .sKqug ,eîu;a iuÛ úl=Kk ,o iq/l=ïm;a idr®:l ,xiqlrejkaf.a iajlSh
.sKqïj,g udrels¯fuka .kqfokqj mshjkq ,efí'

III fldgi - 12 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

89'0 idr®:l jQ ,xiqlrejka úiska NdKavd.dr ì,am;a fyda NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr i|yd ,xiq ;nk ,o fmd,S wkqmd;slh ^M,∞
wkqmd;slh&" ñ, iy NdKavd.dr ì,am;a$ne∫ïlr m˙K; jk †kh mokï fldg" úl=Kk ,o iq/l=ïm;aj, jÜgïlrk
,o jákdlu .Kkh lrkq ,efí'
6'2 NdKavd.dr ì,am;a$ne∫ïlr ia:ßr moku u; ñ,° .ekSfï fjkafoais
90'0 ia:ßr moku u; NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ñ,g .ekSfï fjkafoaishl ° NdKavd.dr ì,am;a fyda ne∫ïlr úls”ug woyia lrkq
,nk iyNd.s;aj wdh;k úiska w∞< fjkafoais ksfõokhg wkqrEmj Tjqkaf.a ,xiqj w∞< fjkafoais †kfha ° úoHq;a ux.;
,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh yryd b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
91'0 idr®:l ,xiq ;nkafkl= úiska b†˙m;a lrkq ,nk fmd,S wkqmd;slj, ^M,∞ wkqmd;sl& wjfrdayK l%uhg mokïj w∞<
ñ,° .ekSï is≥ lrkq ,nhs'
92'0 ,enqKq uqΩ ,xiq m%udKh" ms<s.kq ,enQ ,xiq m%udKh iy tys n˙; idudkH M,∞ wkqmd;slh jeks f;dr;=re ,ndfoñka
úoHq;a ux.; ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh hgf;a w∞< fjkafoaish mj;ajd wjidk ù úkdä 30 lska miqj ia:ßr moku u;
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a$ne∫ïlr ñ,° .ekSfï fjkafoaishg w∞< m%;sM, ksfõokh ksl=;a lrkq ,efí' w∞< fjkafoaish
meje;ajQ †kfha ° iEu ,xiq ;nkafkl=gu ^w∞< ,xiqj m%;slafIam ùu" ms<s.ekSu fyda fldgila ms<s.ekSu& tys m%;sM,h
iq/l=ïm;g w∞< .ekqï ñ, .Kka o iuÛ w∞< fjkafoaish wjika ù úkdä 30 lg miqj úoHq;a ux.; ,xiq ;eîfï
moaO;sh hgf;a ±kqï fokq ,efí'
93'0 mshùï †kfha ° ,xld fiÜ,ays ieiª .kqfokq fhduq ls¯ï myiqlu (MTF) yryd w∞< mshùï lghq;= is≥lrkq ,nhs' mshùï
†kfha 08(30 mefha ° fyda Bg fmr ñ,° .kakd iq/l=ïm;a Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fjys Own Account .sKqug ,eîu;a iuÛ f.ùï
iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska iq/l=ïm;aj, jÜgï lrk ,o jákdlu w∞< idr®:l ,xiq ;enQ iyNd.s;aj wdh;kj,
mshùfï .sKqug ner ls¯fuka .kqfokqj mshjkq ,efí'
94'0 idr®:l jQ ,xiqlrejl= úiska NdKavd.dr ì,am;a fyda NdKavdr ne∫ïlr i|yd ,xiq ;nk ,o fmd,S wkqmd;sl ^M,∞
wkqmd;slh& iy NdKavd.dr ì,am;a$ne∫ïlr m˙K;jk †kh mokï fldg f.k ñ,° .kq ,nk iq/l=ïm;aj, jÜgïlrk
,o jákdlu .Kkh lrhs'
ldKavh 7 ( uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a
95'0 Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska l,ska l, we;sjk wjYH;djhkag wkqj Y%S ,xld uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a ^uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a&
ksl=;a ls¯u ;SrKh lrkq we;' fïjd ksl=;a lrkq ,nkafka uQ,H kS;s mkf;a ^422 f√ofhys& 91 ^1& ^wd& fldgi hgf;a
fj<|fmdf<ys we;s w;s˙la; øjYS,;dj Wlyd .ekSu i|yd" is≥lrk újg fj<| lghq;=j, fldgila f,isks'
96'0 Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg
(i) fjkafoais l%uh hgf;a uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a ksl=;a ls¯u"
(ii) fjkafoais l%uh hgf;a uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a kshñ; m˙K; ld,hg fmr mshùu"
(iii) uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a kej; úls”fï (Sell-back) myiqlu Ndú;d ls¯u hkd° ;SrK .; yelsh'
97'0 fuu iq/l=ïm;aj, m%Odk ,laIK my; i|yka m˙† fjhs'
(i) uy nexl=j iq/l=ïm;a ksr®f,aLk iq/l=ïm;a f,i ksl=;a lrkq ,nhs'
(ii) uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a .kqfokq l< yelsh'
(iii) uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a .kqfokq mshùfï ° iy yqjudre ls¯fï °" ksr®f,aLk iq/l=ïm;a mshùfï moaO;sh iy uOHu
;ekam;= moaO;sh i|yd w∞< jk kS;s iy fr.=,dis w∞< jkq we;'
(iv) uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a fj<|fmdf<ys .kqfokq l< yel' tfy;a fuu iq/l=ïm;a Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ tla†k øjYS,;d
myiqlu" ks;H Kh myiqlu fyda m%;súl=Kqï .kqfokq i|yd wem jYfhka Ndú;d l< fkdyel'
(v) rcfha NdKavd.dr ì,am;a fukau uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a o ksl=;a lrkq ,nkafka jÜgula iys;jh'
(vi) iyNd.s;aj wdh;k fuu iq/l=ïm;a Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fjka ñ,° .ekSug iq≥iqlï ,nhs' uyck;djg fuu
iq/l=ïm;a oaú;ShSl fj<|fmdf<ys iyNd.s;aj wdh;k j,ska ñ,° .; yelsh'
(vii) rcfha iq/l=ïm;a fukau" fuu iq/l=ïm;a o m%d:ñl fj<|fmd< ksl=;=fõ ° ±kg n,mj;akd ishhg 10 la jQ fmd,S
u; r|jd .ekSfï noaog hg;a jkq we;'
(viii) uy nexl= iq/l=ï;aj, m˙K; ld,iSudj Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ;SrKh lrkq ,nhs'
7'1 fjkafoais l%uh hgf;a uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a ksl=;a ls¯u ^fláld,Sk iy †.=ld,Sk&
98'0 uy nexl=j iq/l=ï;a ksl=;a ls¯u i|yd fjkafoaishla meje;aùu iïnkaOj fjf<`ofmd< fufyhqï lñgqfõ ;SrKh w∞<
fjkafoaish mj;ajkq ,nk †k fyda Bg fmr m%:u jHdmd˙l †kfha ° ksfõokh lrkq ,efí' w∞< fjkafoais jr®.h
^fláld,Sk fyda †.=ld,Sk&" ms˙kukq ,nk iq/l=ïm;aj, jákdlu ^uqyqK; w.h& iy úls”ug n,dfmdfrd;a;=jk
iq/l=ïm;aj, m˙K; ld, iSudj" fjkafoaish mj;ajkq ,nk †kh" fõ,dj iy tys mshùï †kh ksfõokfha we;=<;a fõ'
99'0 Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a ksl=;a l< hq;af;a fláld,Sk m˙K; ld,hlska o †.=ld,Sk m˙K;
ld,hlska o hkak ;SrKh lrkq ,nhs' fláld,Sk uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a †k 1-7 olajd o †.=ld,Sk uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a †k
7 g jvd jeä m˙K; ld,hlska o iukaú; fõ'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 13

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

100'0 fuu fjkafoaish ia:ßr moku u; NdKavd.dr ì,am;a úls”fï fjkafoais fuka úoHq;a ux.; ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh yryd
mj;ajkq ,nhs' w∞< fjkafoaisfha ° uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a ñ,° .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk iyNd.s;aj wdh;kh úiska
Tjqka úiska ñ,° .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk jákdlug wkqj ;ukaf.a ,xiq ;eîï ^ñ,° .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;=jk
iq/l=ïm;aj, uqyqK; jákdlu& iy fjkafoaish mj;ajkq ,nk †khg ,xiq ;nk fmd,S wkqmd;slh ^M,∞ wkqmd;slh&
fjkafoais ksfõokfhys olajd we;s ld,iSudj ;=< ° w∞< úl=Kqï fjkafoaish f;dard .ksñka úoHq;a ux.; ,xiq ;eîfï
moaO;sh yryd b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
101'0 hï iyNd.s;aj wdh;khlg hï m˙K; ld,iSudjla i|yd Wm˙u ,xiq 6 la b†˙m;a l< yels w;r" tu ,xiqj, uqΩ
jákdlu fjkafoaisfha ° b†˙m;a lrkq ,nk uqΩ jákdlug iSud úh hq;=h'
102'0 iyNd.s;aj wdh;k úiska b†˙m;a lrkq ,nk fmd,S wkqmd;sl ^M,∞ wkqmd;sl& r|jd ;nd .ekSfï n≥ we;=<;a M,∞
wkqmd;slhla fõ'
103'0 idr®:l ,xiq ;nkafkl= úiska b†˙m;a lrkq ,nk fmd,S wkqmd;sl ^M,∞ wkqmd;sl& wdfrdayK l%uhg fm<.iajd ta u;
mokïj w∞< fjka ls¯ï is≥ lrkq ,nhs'
104'0 ,enqKq uqΩ ,xiq m%udKh" ms<s.kq ,enQ ,xiq m%udKh iy tys n˙; idudkH M,∞ wkqmd;slh jeks f;dr;=re ,nd foñka
úoHq;a ux.; ,xiq ;eîfï l%uh hgf;a w∞< fjkafoaish mj;ajd wjidk ù úkdä 30 lska miqj m%;sM, ksl=;a lrkq ,efí'
w∞< fjkafoaish meje;ajQ †kfha ° iEu ,xiq ;nkafkl=gu ^w∞< ,xiqj m%;slafIam ùu" ms<s.ekSu fyda fldgila ms<s.ekSu&
tys m%;sM,h iq/l=ïm;g w∞< .ekqï ñ, .Kka o r`ojd ;nd .ekSfï n≥o iuÛ w∞< fjkafoaish wjidk ù úkdä 30 lg
miqj úoHq;a ux.; ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh ;=,ska ±kqï fokq ,efí'
105'0 iEu idr®:l ,xiqjlu úl=Kqï ñ, ^r|jd ;nd .ekSfï n≥ iys;j& w∞< iq/l=ïmf;a m˙K; ld,iSudj i|yd r|jd ;nd
.ekSfï n≥ .e,mSfuka miqj w∞< iyNd.s;aj wdh;k úiska b†˙m;a lrk ,o fmd,S wkqmd;sl ^M,∞ wkqmd;sl& w∞<
iq/l=ïmf;ys uqyqK; jákdlu u; jÜgï fldg .Kkh lrkq ,efí'
106'0 m%;sM, ksl=;a ls¯fuka mehla we;=<; f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska w∞< iyNd.s;aj wdh;kj,g ms<s.kq ,enQ
jákdlu" cd;Hka;r iq/l=ïm;a y∫kd .ekSfï wxlh" uqyqK; jákdlu iy m˙K; ld,iSudj ms<sn|j ;yjqrejla úoHq;a
ux.; ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh ;=,ska ksl=;a lrkq ,nhs'
107'0 ,xldfiÜ,ays ieiª (L anka Settle) .kqfokq fhduq ls¯fï (MTF) myiqlu yryd w∞< mshùï lghq;= is≥lrkq ,efí' mshùï
is≥lrkq ,nk †kfha ° my; 108 jk j.ka;sfha i|yka fldg we;s ld,iSudjkag hg;aj Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ mshùfï .sKqïj,g
iq/l=ïm;a úl=KQ jákdlu ^r|jd ;nd.ekSfï n≥ iys;j úl=Kk ,o iq/l=ïm;aj, jÜgï jákdlu& ,eîu;a iuÛ
úl=Kk ,o iq/l=ïm;aj, uqyqK; jákdlu w∞< iyNd.s;aj wdh;kfha iajlSh .sKqïj,g (own account) yqjudre lrñka
f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska w∞< mshùï lghq;= is≥ lrkq ,efí'
108'0 mshùï ld,iSudjka my; m˙† fõ'
(i) fláld,Sk m˙K; ld,iSudjla iys; uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;aj, mshùï lghq;= fjkafoais †kfha ° w∞< fjkafoaish
wjidk ù meh folla we;=<; is≥ lrkq ,efí'
(ii) †.=ld,Sk m˙K; ld,iSudjla iys; uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;aj, mshùï lghq;= w∞< mshùï †kfha 08(30 meh jk úg is≥
lrkq ,nhs'
109'0 m˙K; jk †kfha °" uy nexl=fõ iajlSh iq/l=ï;a .sKqug (own account) w∞< iq/l=ïm;a iajhxl%Shj udreùu is≥jk w;r
m˙K;jk iq/l=ï;aj,g w∞< ,eîï ^w∞< iq/l=ïm;aj, uqyqK; jákdlu& m˙K; †khg fmr m<uq jHdmd˙l †kfha°
iq/l=ïm;a ;nd.;a iyNd.s;aj wdh;kfha mshùï .sKqug m˙K;jk †kfha 08(30 meh jkúg ner lrkq ,efí'
7'2 fmr ;SrKh lrk ,o wkqmd;slhlg rcfha iq/l=ïm;a ksl=;a ls¯u
110'0 uy nexl=j úiska fmr ;SrKh lrk ,o M,∞ wkqmd;slhlg iyNd.s;aj wdh;kj,g uynexl= iq/l=ïm;a ksl=;a l<
yelsh'
111'0 fj<`ofmd< fufyhqï lñgqj úiska m˙K;jk ld,iSudj" M,∞ wkqmd;slh ^r|jd ;nd.ekSfï n≥ iys;j& iy m˙K;jk
†kh i|yka lrñka l,ska ;SrKh lrkq ,nk M,∞ wkqmd;slhlg uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a ksl=;a ls¯ug ;SrKh lrkq ,nk
w;r th úoHq;a ux.; ,xiq ;eîï l%uh$uqo,a fj<|fmd< wëlaIK l%uh fyda fjk;a ikaksfõok udOHhla Ndú;d fldg"
w∞< jHdmd˙l †kfha 11(00 iy 14(30 meh w;r ld,iSudfõ ° foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=fõ újg fj<| lghq;= wxYh
iuÛ ñ,° .ekSfï .kqfokqjlg t,öu i`oyd iyNd.s;aj wdh;kj,g okajkq ,nhs'
112'0 iyNd.s;aj wdh;k úiska fufia l,ska ;SrKh lrk ,o M,od wkqmd;slhlg uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a ñ,g .ekSug wfmalaId
lrkq ,nhs kï tu fjkafoaish mj;ajkq ,nk †kfha 14(30 jkúg ñ,° .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk m%udKh$jákdlu
^uqyqK; w.h& i|yka lrñka foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=fõ újg fj<| lghq;= wxYhg ≥rl:k udr®.fhka fyda µelaia
udr®.fhka ;SrKh ±kqï †h hq;=h'
113'0 iyNd.s;aj wdh;kj,g úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï l%uh hgf;a ^ks;H myiqlu" ia:ßr moku hgf;a NdKavd.dr ì,am;a úls”u&
hgf;a" ñ,° .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;=jk jákdlu ^uqyqK; jákdlu& b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
114'0 iyNd.s;aj wdh;kj,g ms<s.;a ,xiqj ms<sn`oj" úoHq;a ,xiq moaO;sh u.ska ^ks;H myiqlu" ia:ßr moku hgf;a NdKavd.dr
ì,am;a úls”u& t†ku 15(00 meh jk úg ±k.; yel'

III fldgi - 14 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

115'0 .kqfokq is≥ lrk ,o †kfhau" mshùï fhfok wjia:djkays ° ieiª .kqfokq fhduq ls¯fï (MTF) f.dkqj ,xldfilHq
fj; t†ku 15(00 mehg fmr b†˙m;a lrkq ,efí' mshùï †kh" .kqfokq lrk †khg miq †kg fhfoa kï ieiª .kqfokq
fhduq ls¯fï f.dkqj ,xldfilHq fj; b†˙m;a lrkq ,nkafka mshùï lrk †kfha 08(30 mehg fmrh'
116'0 úl=Kk ,o iq/l=ïm;aj,g w∞< mshùï jÜgï lrk ,o úl=Kqï jákdlu mshùï moaO;sh u.ska Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ
mshùï .sKqug ner lrkq ,nk w;r" iyNd.s;aj wdh;kj, iajlSh .sKqïj,g (own account) iq/l=ïm;a yqjudre ls¯u is≥
lrkq ,efí'
117'0 fuys° iq/l=ïm;aj, uqyqK; w.h ^r|jd ;nd .ekSfï n≥ iys; úl=Kqï ñ,& w∞< M,∞ fmd,S wkqmd;sl u; l,amsfrk
ld,h i|yd jÜgï lrñka" úl=Kqï w.h .Kkh lrkq ,efí'
118'0 l,amsfrk †kfhys ° thg w∞< mshùï lghq;= iajhxl%Shj is≥ flfr®' ta i|yd w∞< iq/l=ïm;a Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ (own
account) .sKqug fm%aIKhlr l,ams˙Kq jákdlu" l,ams¯ug fmr ojfia tu iq/l=ïm;a wh;aj ;snQ iyNd.s;aj wdh;kfhys
mshùï .sKqug ner lrkq ,efí'
119'0 wjYH úgl° fmr ;SrKh l< fmd,S wkqmd;sl iys; jQ uy nexl= iq/l=ïj;aj, M,∞ wkqmd;sl iy m˙K; ld,h fjkia
ls¯fï whs;sh Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j i;= fõ' tjeks fjkiaùï úoHq;a ux.; ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh$uqo,a fj<|fmd< wëlaIK
moaO;sh fyda fjk;a ±kqï °fï l%uhla u.ska tajd n,meje;afjk †kfhys 09(30 mehg fmr iyNd.S;aj wdh;k fj; ±kqï
fokq ,efí'

7'3 fjkafoais l%uh hgf;a m˙K; †kg fmr uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a úY%du .ekaùu
120'0 fj<|fmd< fufyhqï lñgqj úiska wjYH hehs yefÛk úgl° uy nexl= iq/l=ïjm;a m˙K; †khg m%:u úY%du .ekaùu
ms<sn|j ;SrKh lrkq we;'
121'0 m˙K; †khg m%:u uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a úY%du .ekaùu ^ñ,° .ekSu& ms<sn| fj<|fmd< fufyhqï lñgq ;SrKh fjkafoaish
meje;afjk †kfha fyda Bg m%:u jHdmd˙l lghq;= is≥ flfrk m<uq †kfha iyNd.s;aj wdh;k fj; ±kqï fokq ,efí'
tu ksfõokfha iq/l=ïm;a m%udKh ^uqyqK; jákdlu&" l,amsfrk †kh" ñ,° .kakd iq/l=ïmf;a cd;Hka;r iq/l=ïm;a
y∫kd .ekSfï wxlh fjkafoaish meje;afjk †kh iy fõ,dj iy mshùï is≥jk †kh we;=<;a fõ'
122'0 iyNd.S;aj wdh;khla w∞< uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a fjkafoaishl° iq/l=ïm;a úls”fï ° ,xiqfõ úkdlu ^úls”ug wfmalaId
lrk iq/l=ïm;aj, uqyqK; jákdlu& iy fmd,S wkqmd;sl ^M,∞& fjkafoais †k meh 13(00 iy meh 14(00 w;r úoHq;a ,xiq
;eîfï moaO;sh yryd ia:ßr moku u; ñ,° .ekSfï fjkafoais hgf;a w∞< fjkafoaish f;dard ,xiq b†˙m;a l< hq;= fõ'
.kqfokq mshùu t†kg miqj t<fUk jHdmd˙l †kfha meh 08(30 g fmr is≥ lrkq ,efí'
123'0 tla iyNd.s;aj wdh;khlg tla iq/l=ïm;la fjkqfjka ,xiq 6 la b†˙m;a l< yels w;r ,xiqj, uqΩ jákdlu w∞<
fjkafoaisfha jákdlu fkdblauúh hq;=h'
124'0 fjkafoaisfha° ñ,° .ekSu is≥lrkq ,nkafka idr®:l ,xiq ;nkafkl= úiska b†˙m;a l< fmd,S ^M,∞& wkqmd;slhkaf.a
wjfrdayK mámdáhg wkqjh'
125'0 fjkafoaisfha m%;sM,h fjkafoaish wjika ù úkdä 30 lg miq úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh yryd ,ndfokq ,efí' fuys
we;=<;a jkafka ,enQ uqΩ ,xiq m%udKh" ms<s.;a ,xiq m%udKh iy fjkafoaisfha n˙; idudkH M,∞ wkqmd;slhhs' fjkafoais
†kfha fjkafoaish wjika ù úkdä 30 la we;=<; ,xiqfõ wjika m%;sM,h ^m%;slafIam ls¯u" ms<s.ekSu fyda fldgila muKla
ms<s.ekSu& iy uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a ñ,° .kakd w.h úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh yryd ta ta iyNd.s;aj wdh;k fj;
±kqï fokq ,efí'
126'0 .kqfokq mshùu ,xldfiÜ,ays (LankaSettle) ieiª .kqfokq fhduq ls¯fï myiqlï (MTF) yryd fjkafoais †kfha ° meh 08(30
g fyda Bg fmr is≥fõ' f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska Y%S ,xld uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a ,xldfilHqys Y%S ,xld uy
nexl=fõ .sKqug udre ls¯u;a iuÛ iq/l=ïm;aj, .ekqï ñ, ^ñ,° .;a uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;aj, jÜgï l< w.h& iyNd.s;aj
wdh;khkaf.a ;;ald,Sk o< mshùï moaO;sh hgf;a we;s mshùï .sKqug ner ls¯fuka .kqfokqj mshùu is≥ flfr®'
127'0 uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;aj, .ekqï ñ, ta ta iyNd.s;aj wdh;k úiska b†˙m;alr ;snQ M,∞ wkqmd;slfhka ñ,° .kakd
iq/l=ïm;aj, uqyqK; jákdlu l,ams¯ug b;s˙j ;sfnk ld, iSudj i|yd jÜgï ls¯u u.ska .Kkh lrkq ,efí'

7'4 uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a kej; úls”fï myiqlu iy fmr ;SrKh lrk ,o wkqmd;slhlg uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a úY%du
.ekaùu'
128'0 Y%S ,xld uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a iïnkaOj Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska my; i|yka myiqlï iyNd.s;aj wdh;kk fj; ,nd
fokq ,efí'
^w& Tjqka i;= uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a m˙K; ùug fmr" ks;H Kh myiqlï wkqmd;slh hgf;a kej; Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg
úls”u'
^wd& m˙K; ùug fmr" l,ska ;SrKh lrk ,o wkqmd;slhg Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a úY%Du .ekaùu
^ñ,° .ekSu&'
129'0 128 ^w& wkqj iyNd.s;aj wdh;khlg Y%S ,xld uy nexl= ks;H Kh myiqlï wkqmd;slh hgf;a w∞< uy nexl= iq/l=ïmf;a
b;s˙ m˙K; ld,hg jÜgï l< ñ,lg uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a m˙K; ùug fmr kej; úls”ug yel' 128 ^wd& wkqj
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j fmr ;SrKh lrk ,o M,∞ wkqmd;slhlg m˙K; ùug fmr úY%du .ekaùug ;SrKh lrkq ,nhs' tys°
fmd,S wkqmd;slh l,a msfrk †kh iy cd;Hka;r iq/l=ïm;a y∫kd .ekSfï wxlh ksfõokh lrkq ,efí'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 15

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

130'0 fuu myiqlu Ndú;d ls¯ug leu;s iyNd.s;aj wdh;k kej; úls”ug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;ays uqyqK;
w.h foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=fõ újg fj<| lghq;= wxYh fj; t†ku meh 15(15 g fmr ≥rl:k udr®.fhka fyda
µelaia udr®.fhka ±kqï †h hq;= fõ'
131'0 iyNd.s;aj wdh;k .kqfokqj ^úl=Kkq ,nk m%udKh iy cd;Hka;r iq/l=ïm;a y∫kd .ekSfï wxlh& t†k meh
15(15 g fmr úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sfha ia:ßr mokula u; ñ,° .ekSï hgf;a ;yjqre l< hq;= fõ' óg w∞< mshùï
lghq;= t†ku T+0 is≥ lrkq ,efí'
132'0 f.ùï iy mshùï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ms<s.;a ,xiq m%udKh cd;Hka;r iq/l=ïm;a y∫kd .ekSfï wxlh" uqyqK;
jákdlu iy M,∞ wkqmd;slh ,nd foñka .kqfokqj ;yjqre ls¯u 16(15 meh jk úg úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh yryd
iyNd.s;aj wdh;k fj; ±kqï fokq ,nhs'
133'0 uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a ñ,° .ekSfï w.h ^ñ,° .ekSfï jákdlu& iq/l=ïm;aj, uqyqK; w.h 128 ^w& ys° Y%S ,xld uy nexl=
ks;H Kh myiqlï wkqm;slfhka o 128 ^wd& ys° fmr ;SrKh lrk ,o fmd,S wkqmd;slfhka o iq/l=ïm;a l,ams¯ug b;s˙j
;sfnk ld,iSudj i|yd jÜgï ls¯fuka .Kkh lrkq ,efí'
134'0 .kqfokq mshùu ,xldfiÜ,ays ieiª .kqfokq fhduq ls¯fï myiqlu (MTF) yryd is≥ lrkq ,efí' f.ùï iy mshùï
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ñ,° .;a iq/l=ïm;a ,xldfilHqys Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ iq/l=ïm;a .sKqug (own account) udre ls¯u;a
iuÛu iq/l=ïm;aj, .ekqï ñ, ^ñ,° .;a uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;aj, jÜgï l< ñ,& w∞< iyNd.s;aj wdh;khkaf.a mshùï
.sKqug meh 16(15 jk úg udre ls¯fuka .kqfokqj mshjkq ,efí'
ldKavh 8( úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .kqfokq
135'0 fuu fldgfia wvx.= l%shdudr®." udr®f.damfoaY" kshuhka iy fldkafoais w∞< jkafka n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=j,g mu◊'
136'0 uqo,a m%;sm;a;s fufyhqï WmlrKhla f,i fj<|fmd< ;=<ska øjYS,;dj wjfYdaIKhlr .ekSug fyda iemhSug úfoaY
úksuh yqjudre .kqfokq meje;aùug fj<|fmd< fufyhqï lñgqj úiska ;SrKh ls¯ug bv we;' fuys° tla jHjydr
uqo,a jr®.hlg tfrysj fjk;a jHjydr uqo,a jr®.hla hïlsis †khl° ñ,° f.k wkd.; †khl° ksYaÑ; wkqmd;hlg
tu jHjydr uqo,a jr®.h kej; yqjudre lr .ekSu i|yd .súiqulg hg;a ùula is≥fõ' úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .súiqï
m%;sñ,°.ekqï .súiqïj,g iudk jk kuq;a iq/l=ï jYfhka rcfha iq/l=ïm;a fjkqjg úfoaY úksuh Ndú;d lrkq ,efí'
137'0 ishÆu úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .súiqï is≥lrkqfha n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= yd uy nexl=j w;r fõ' újg fj<| lghq;=
hgf;a uy nexl=j fohdldrj úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .súiqï i|yd we;=<;a jkq ,efí'
^w& úl=Kqï - .eKqï úfoaY úksuh yqjdudre
^wd& .ekqï - úl=Kqï úfoaY úksuh yqududre
138'0 fuu fldgfia olajd we;s kshuhka iy fldkafoais úl=Kqï - .ekqï iy .ekqï - úl=Kqï úfoaY úksuh yqjdure .kqfokq
hk fojr®.hu i|yd w∞< fõ'
139'0 úl=Kqï - .ekqï iy .ekqï - úl=Kqï úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .kqfokq Wm˙u jYfhka †k 365 lg iSud fõ'
140'0 úl=Kqï - .ekqï fyda .ekqï - úl=Kqï úfoaY úksuh yqjudre fjkafoais meje;aùu ms<sn| fj<|fmd< fufyhqï lñgqfõ
;SrKh Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska fjkafoaish meje;afjk †k meh 09(30 g fmr fyda Bg m%:u jHdmd˙l †kfha° ksfõokh
lrkq ,efí' tu ksfõokfha fjkafoaisfha ° ms˙kukq ,nk m%udKh" fjkafoaish is≥ lrkq ,nk †kh" m˙K; ld,h iy
m<uq w†hfr® mshùï †kh iy fojk w†hfrys m˙K; †kh we;=<;a fõ'
141'0 n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jla úiska Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j iuÛ úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .súiqulg t<öug wfmalaId lrkafka
kï úoHq;a ux.; ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh yryd ksjer† fjkafoais ksfõokh f;dard fjkafoais †kfha † ,xiq b†˙m;a l< hq;=
fõ'
142'0 úfoaY úksuh yqjudre fjkafoais i|yd fjkafoais †kfha ° meh 13(00 ;a meh 14(00 ;a w;r ,xiq b†˙m;a l< yels fõ'
143'0 kej; ±kqï fok ;=re tlai;a ckmo fvd,r® j,ska muKla ,xiq Ndr.kq ,efí'
144'0 tla fgkavrhla fjkqfjka Wm˙u jYfhka ,xiq 6 la b†˙m;a ls¯ug n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jlg yelshdj we;' ,xiqjl
wju jákdlu wefu˙ldkq tlai;a ckmo fvd,r® ñ,shkhla ^$1"000"000& jk w;r" ,xiqjla tlai;a ckmo fvd,r® ,laIhl
^$100"000& .=Kdldr úh hq;=h' iEu ,xiqjlu tlai;a ckmo fvd,r® m%udKh iy yqjudre wxl (SWAP points) jk ^úp,H
wkqmd;sl fgkavr®& we;=<;a úh hq;=h'
145'0 yqjudre wxl úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;shg we;=<;a l< hq;af;a oYuia:dk folla iys; remsh,a Y;j,sks' W∞( 0'20 } Y;
úiaihs'
146'0 ,xiq fjkals¯u is≥ jkafka idr®:l ,xiq ;enQjka úiska b†˙m;a l< yqjudre wxl mokï lr .ekSfuks'
147'0 fjkafoaishg b†˙m;a l< m%udKh blaujd iudk yqjudre wxlhlg ,xiq b†˙m;a lr we;s wjia:djkays° úl=Kqï - .ekqï
iy .ekqï - úl=Kqï úksuh yqjudre i|yd b;s˙ ù ;sfnk m%udKh iudkqmd;sl jk wkqmd;sl moku u; w∞< ,xiq ;enQ
wdh;k fj; fjka lrkq ,efí' ta wkqj" tu yqjudre wxlhg b†˙m;a jQ ,xiq j,ska fldgila muKla ms<sf.k ;sìh yel'
148'0 úfoaY úksuh yqjudre fjkafoaisfha m%;sM, fjkafoais †k" fjkafoaish wjika ù úkdä 30 lg miq úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï
moaO;sh yryd ,enqKq uqΩ ,xiq m%udKh" ms<s.;a m%udKh iy fjkafoaisfha n˙; idudkH" úfoaY úksuh .súiqï yqjudre
wxlh ,ndfoñka is≥ lrkq ,efí'
149'0 ,xiq ;enQjka yg Tjqkaf.a ,xiqfõ m%;sM,h ^m%;slafIam ùu" ms<s.ekSu fyda fldgila muKla ms<s.ekSu& iuÛ ms<s.;a
m%udKh úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh yryd fjkafoais †k fjkafoaish wjika ù úkdä 30 lg miq ±kqï fokq ,efí'

III fldgi - 16 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

150'0 úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .kqfokq ms<sn| ;yjqre ls¯ula iEu idr®:l ,xiq ;enQfjl= ygu fjkafoais m%;sM,h ls;=;a ls¯fuka
mehlg miq úoHq;a ,xiq ;eîfï moaO;sh yryd ms<s.;a m%udKh" m˙K; ld,h" m˙K; †kh iy yqjudre wxl ,nd foñka
is≥ lrkq ,efí'
151'0 Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ cd;Hka;r fufyhqï lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska úl=Kqï - .ekqï fyda .ekqï - úl=Kqï úfoaY
úksuh yqjudre .kqfokq is≥ lrkq ,nk w;r" iEu idr®:l ,xiq ;enQfjl= ygu .kqfokq ;yjqre ls¯u;a is≥ lrkq ,efí'
152'0 úl=Kqï - .ekqï fyda .ekqï - úl=Kqï úfoaY úksuh yqjudre .kqfokq mshùfï l%shd ms<sfj< wfkl=;a úfoaY úksuh yqjudre
.kqfokq mshùfï l%shdms<sfj<gu iudk fõ'
wOHlaI
foaYSh lghq;= fomdr®;fïka;=j

weuqKqu
újg fj<| lghq;= i|yd fhdod .efkk WmlrK iy ld,igyk*
WmlrK
ia:ßr moku u;
fláld,Sk †.=ld,Sk
f;dr;=re NdKavd.dr ì,am;a
m%;sñ,°.ekqï m%;sñ,°.ekqï úfoaY úksuh uynexl=
ñ,g .ekSfï ks;H myiqlu
iy m%;súlsKqï iy m%;súlsKqï yqjudre .súiqï iq/l=ïm;a
yd úls”fï
fjkafoais fjkafoais
fjkafoais
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy uynexl=
iq/l=ïm;a NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy ne∫ïlr úfoaY úksuh
ne∫ïlr iq/l=ïm;a
fláld,Sk – T+0
fjkafoais
T+0 T-1 fyda T+0 – †.=ld,Sk$kj ksl=;= – T-1
ksfõokh**
úY%du .ekaùu – T+0 fyda T-1
ksujk fõ,dj ksl=;= – meh 11(00-14(30
fjkafoais ld,h meh 11(00-11(30 meh 13(00-14(00
meh 15(15 úY%du .ekaùu – meh 13(00-14(00
m%;sM, ksfõokh fjkafoaish wjidk ù úkdä 30 lg miq meh 16(15 fjkafoaish wjidk ù úkdä 30 lg miq

Wm˙u ,xiq m%udKh 3 6 6 6 wiSñ; 6

úoHq;a ux.; ,xiq
;eîfï moaO;sfha T+0 T+1 T+0 meh 15(00 jk úg
mshùï

m%;sñ,° .ekqï ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlu-

meh 08(30 jkúg
– T+1 meh 08(30 meh 16(00
T+0 meh 13(15 uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a sell back myiqlu – T+0 meh 16(15
mshùfï ld,h jk úg T+1 meh 08(30 g T+1 ks;H Kh myiqlu meh
jk úg jk úg
m%;súlsKqï – T+1 16(15
úY%du .ekaùu – T+1 meh 08(30 jk úg
meh 11(45 jk úg

m%;sñ,°.ekqï
– meh 08(30 m%;sñ,°.ekqï - ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlu-
l,amsfrk †k jk úg meh 08(30 jk úg jHdmdr lghq;= meh 08(30 jk úg
– meh 08(30 jk úg
mshùï lghq;= m%;súlsKqï m%;súlsKqï meh ksujk úg ks;H Kh myiqlu- meh
– meh 11(00 11(00 jk úg 11(00 jk úg
jk úg
n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl="
n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=" m%d:ñl fjf<∫ka iy fiajl n,m;%,dNS jd◊c n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=" m%d:ñl fjf<∫ka iy fiajl
mdr®Yajlrejka*** m%d:ñl fjf<∫ka iy
wr®:idOl wruqo, nexl= wr®:idOl wruqo,
fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,
ld, iSudj †k 1-7 †k 7 g jeä – jirla olajd tla†k jirla olajd

* fuu j.=j uqo,a m%;sm;a;s fufyhqï WmlrK i|yd udr®f.damfoaYkhla ,nd°u i|yd muKla fhd∞.ekSu wruqKhs' iyNd.s;aj wdh;k ;u ,xiq ;eîfï ° w∞< jk
fjkafoais ksfõokh f;dard.; hq;=h'
** T+0 hkq fjkafoaish mj;ajkq ,nk †k meh 09(30 fõ'
*** n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=" m%d:ñl fjf<∫ka iy fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,

úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka( 2016 wxl 01 2016 ckjd˙ 20

wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<÷ka fj;
ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
úksuh md,k mkf;a 3 jk j.ka;sh m%ldrj" my; fldkafoaisj,g hg;aj wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï wdrïN lr
mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd n,h,;a fjf<∫ka fj; fuhska wjir fokq ,efí'
1'1 iq≥iqlï,;a mqoa.,hka
^w& Y%S ,xldfjka msg; fkajdisl Y%S ,dxlslhska
^wd& msgrg jD;a;shl kshe,S isg kej; Y%S ,xldjg meñKs Y%S ,dxlslhska tfia wdmiq meñK †k 90 l ld,hla we;=<;

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 17

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

^we& Y%S ,dxlsl iïNjhla iys;" Y%S ,xldfjka msg; jdih lrk úcd;slhska
^wE& ixl%uKsl wdjD; .sKqï újD; lr we;s ;ks mqoa.,hska
^b& wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï mj;ajdf.k hk ;ks mqoa.,hska
^B& Y%S ,xldfjka msg; jdih lrk Y%S ,dxlsl fyda Y%S ,dxlsl iïNjhla iys; nd,jhialrejka
1'2 .sKqï wdrïN ls¯u yd mj;ajdf.k hdu
^w& wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï cx.u" b;s˙ls¯fï fyda ld,Sk ;ekam;= wdldrfhka ´kEu wkqu; úfoaY
jHjydr uqo,lska foaYSh nexl= tallfha újD; lr mj;ajdf.k hd yel' flfiajqj;a cx.u .sKqula fjkqfjka fpla
fmd;la ksl=;a ls¯u is≥ l< fkdyel'
^wd& fuu .sKqï fjk;a iq≥iqlï,;a mqoa.,fhl= iu. noaOj mj;ajdf.k hd yel'
^we& .sKqula újD; ls¯ug fmr my; f;dr;=re yd ,shlshú,s ,nd .; hq;=h
⁄' iïmQr®K ku" cd;sl;ajh yd úfoaY ,smskh
⁄⁄' úfoaY .uka n,m;a wxlh" ksl=;a l< †kh yd j,x.= ld,iSudj
⁄⁄⁄' Y%S ,xldfjka msg;a jk †kh
⁄¤' úfoaY rchlska ms˙kuk ,o mqrjeisNdjh$ùid n,m;%fha iajNdjh
^wE& uqo,a jr®.h ms<sn|j fkdi<ld" ;ks mqoa.,fhl=g ;uka úiska n,h,;a fjf<kafol= fyda wjir,;a wdh;khl oekg
mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï j,ska uqo,a udre lr kj wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr
uqo,a .sKqï újD; l<yel'
^b& kj wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqula újD; lrk wjia:dj we;=Ωj" tla wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a
.sKqulska ;j;a wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqulg uqo,a udre ls¯fï°" uqo,a udre lrk n,h,;a fj<kaod
tf,i udre lrk ,o uqo,a wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqulska W;amdokh jQ njg ;yjqrejla" uqo,a ,nk
n,h,;a fjf<kaod fyda wjir,;a wdh;kh fj; ksl=;a l<hq;=h'
^B& nd, jhialrefjl= yg wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqula újD; ls¯ug we;s wjia:djl°" tu .sKqï" Tjqkaf.a
wfkajdisl Ndrlrejka$fouõmshka f.ka ,o wduqL fma%IKhka ner ls¯fuka fyda Ndrlrejkaf.a$fouõmshkaf.a oekg
mj;akd wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï j,ska uqo,a udre ls¯fuka újD; l<yel'
1'3 wkqu; ner ls¯ï
^w& nexl= moaO;sh yryd úfoaYhlska ,o wduqL fma%IK
^wd& .sKqï ysñhd úiska furgg /f.k tk ,o úfoaY uqo,a" n,h,;a fjf<kaod yg m%ldY lrk ,≥j
^we& fjk;a wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqïj,ska udre lrk ,o uqo,a
^wE& wduqL fma%IK fnod ye¯fï .sKqulska ^IRDA& udre lrk ,o uqo,a
^b& tu .sKqï ysñhdf.au ixl%uKsl wdjD; .sKqulska ^MBA& udre lrk ,o uqo,a
^B& tu .sKqï ysñhdf.au iq/l=ïm;a wdfhdack .sKqulska ^SIA& udre lrk ,o uqo,a
^W& tu .sKqï ysñhdf.au úfYaI úfoaY wdfhdack ;ekam;= .sKqulska ^SFIDA& udre lrk ,o uqo,a
^W!& wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqula yr ls¯fuka uQ,sl wdfhdackh is≥ lr we;akï" tjka úfoaY wdfhdackhkaf.ka
m%;suqL wdfhdack .sKqulg ,o m%d.aOkh yd m%d.aOk ,dN
^t& tu .sKqï ysñhdf.au úfoaY ixpdrl ldâmf;a Ndú;hg fkdf.k b;s˙ jQ  fYaIh" wod< wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr
uqo,a .sKqfuka úfoaY ixpdrl ldâm;g udre l< m%udKh olajd muKla'
^ta& wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqfï mj;akd fYaIh u; úfoaY uqo,ska f.jkq ,nk fmd<sh'
1'4 wkqu; yr ls¯ï
^w& Y%S ,xldfjka msg;g lrkq ,nk ´kEu m%;suqL fma%IKhka
^wd& Y%S ,xldj ;=< Y%S ,xld remsh,aj,ska lrkq ,nk f.ùï
^we& .sKqï ysñhd ms<sn|j fkdi<ld fjk;a wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï fyda fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a
.sKqïj,g lrkq ,nk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
^wE& tu .sKqï ysñhdf.au iq/l=ïm;a wdfhdack .sKqug ^SIA& lrkq ,nk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
^b& úfoaY ixpdrl ldâm;la w;am;kh ls¯u ^upload& i|yd lrk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
^B& ´kEu wruqKla fjkqfjka we't'c' fvd,r® 10"000 la fyda fjk;a ´kEu úfoaY jHjydr uqo,lska Bg iudk jk
m%udKhla olajd úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgq j,ska wdmiq .ekSï
^W& úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a Ndr .ekSu i|yd wjir,;a Y%S ,xldfõ isák mqoa.,hska úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk úfoaY jHjydr
uqo,a .sKqï j,g lrkq ,nk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
1'5 udisl jdr®;d ls¯ï
^w& n,h,;a fjf<∫ka úiska weuqKqu ˚ ys olajd we;s m˙† udisl mokfuka ilia l< jdr®;djla t<fUk udifha 15 jk
†k fyda Bg m%:u ecdm@cbsl.lk hk úoHq;a ,smskh yryd fuu fomdr®;fïka;=jg b†˙m;a ls¯u wjYH flfr®'

III fldgi - 18 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

^wd& by; jdr®;dj iemhSu i|yd wod, f;dr;=re nexl=j, .sKqï fmd;aj,ska W;amdokh$Wmqgd .ekSu msKsi n,h,;a
fjf<≥ka úiska nexl=j ;=< ksis moaO;shla l%shd;aul ls¯u wjYH flfr®'
2' weuqKqï ˚˚ ys olajd we;s m˙† wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqïj,g wod, wjYH;djhka i|yka lrñka úksuh md,k
mk; hgf;a ksl=;a l< fufyhqï Wmfoia yd úOdkhka fuhska wj,x.= flfr®'
3' l,ska ksl=;a lrk ,o weuqKqu ˚˚ ys olajd we;s fufyhqï Wmfoia yd úOdkhka wj,x.= ls¯u u.ska" tu úOdkhka hgf;a
tfia wj,x.= ls¯ug mQr®jfhka yg .kakd ,o j.lSï fyda oKavkhka i|yd jk ysñlï iïnkaOfhka lsis≥ n,mEula is≥
fkdflfr®'
w;aika lf<a( úksuh md,l
2016 wxl 1 ork úOdkh i|yd jQ weuqKqu ˚
wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï i|yd jQ udisl m%ldYkh
nexl=fõ ku (
jdr®;d lrk udih iy jr®Ih (
úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a jr®.h wdrïNl fYaIh uqΩ ner ls¯ï uqΩ yr ls¯ï wjika fYaIh
.sKqï jákdlu msgráka ,o fjk;a tl;=j Y%S ,xldfjka msg;g fjk;a tl;=j .sKqï jákdlu
.Kk wduqL fm%aIK is≥ lrk ,o m%;suqL .Kk
fm%aIK
´iafÜ%,shdkq fvd,r®
lefkaähdkq fvd,r®
iagr®,sx mjqï
iaúia µ%Ekala
veksIa fl%dakr®
hQfrda
Ök frkañkaì
fydxfldx fvd,r®
cmka fhka
kjiS,ka; fvd,r®
fkdar®fõ‚hdkq fl%dakr®
isx.mamQre fvd,r®
iaúäIa fl%dakr®
we't'c' fvd,r®
nexl=fõ .sKqï fmd;a u.ska Wmqgd.;a $ W;amdokh jQ by; f;dr;=re ksjer† njg wms iy;sl jkafkuq'

n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a ku wkql+,;d ks,Od˙hdf.a ku

w;aik w;aik

†kh †kh

weuqKqu ˚˚

fuu úOdkfha 2 jk f√oh m%ldrj wj,x.= lrkq ,nk fufyhqï Wmfoia yd úOdkhkaf.a ,ehsia;=j
1' 1988 uehs 05 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl EC$08$88^D&
2' 1989 wf.daia;= 31 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl EC$18$89^D&
3' 1990 udr®;= 06 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl EC$14$90^D&
4' 1990 foieïnr® 06 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl EC$76$90^D&
5' 1991 udr®;= 20 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl EC$17$91^D&
6' 1991 Tlaf;danr® 14 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl EC$74$91^C&F&
7' 1992 cQ,s 09 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl EC$64$92^D&
8' 2007 cQks 15 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$09$2007
9' 2008 foieïnr® 03 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$18$2008
10' 2009 fmnrjd˙ 24 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$03$2009
11' 2009 Tlaf;danr® 01 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$05$2009
12' 2009 fkdjeïnr® 12 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$07$2009
13' 2011 Tlaf;danr® 28 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$08$2011
14' 2012 cQ,s 11 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$04$2012

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 19

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

15' 2012 wf.daia;= 09 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$06$2012

16' 2012 foieïnr® 31 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$11$2012
17' 2013 ckjd˙ 02 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$05$2013
18' 2013 cQks 12 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$22$2013

úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka( 2016 wxl 02 2016 ckjd˙ 20

fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<÷ka fj; ksl=;a lrkq
,nk úOdkhka
úksuh md,k mkf;a 3 jk j.ka;sh m%ldrj" my; fldkafoaisj,g hg;aj fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï wdrïN lr
mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd n,h,;a fjf<∫ka fj; fuhska wjir fokq ,efí'
1'1 iq≥iqlï,;a mqoa.,hka
^w& Y%S ,xldfõ fkajdisl ;ks mqoa.,hska
^wd& fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï mj;ajdf.k hk ;ks mqoa.,hska
^we& Y%S ,xldfõ fkajdisl nd, jhialrejka
1'2 .sKqï wdrïN ls¯u yd mj;ajdf.k hdu
^w& fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï b;s˙ ls¯fï fyda ld,Sk ;ekam;= wdldrfhka ´kEu wkqu; úfoaY  jHjydr
uqo,lska foaYSh nexl= tallfha újD; lr mj;ajdf.k hd yel'
^wd& fuu .sKqï we't'c' fvd,r® 100la fyda fjk;a wkqu; úfoaY jHjydr uqo,lska Bg iudk m%udKhlg fkdwvq uQ,sl
;ekam;=jlska újD; l<hq;=h'
^we& kj fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï" uqo,a jr®.h ms<sn| fkdi,ld" tu .sKqï ysñhdf.au oekg mj;ajdf.k hk
fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqfuka$wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqfuka udre lrk ,o uqo,a Ndú;fhka
wdrïN l<yel'
^wE& kj fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqula újD; lrk wjia:djl° we;=Ωj" tla fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a
.sKqulska ;j;a fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqulg uqo,a udre ls¯fï° uqo,a udre lrk n,h,;a fjf<kaod tf,i
udre lrk ,o uqo,a fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqulska$wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqulska W;amdokh jQ
njg ;yjqrejla" uqo,a ,nk n,h,;a fjf<kaod fyda wjir,;a wdh;kh fj; ksl=;a l<hq;=h'
^b& nd,jhialrefjl= yg fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqula újD; ls¯ug we;s wjia:djl° tu .sKqï" Tjqkaf.a
wfkajdisl Ndrlrejka$ fouõmshkaf.ka ,o wduqL fma%IKhka ner ls¯fuka fyda Ndrlrejka$fouõmshkaf.a mj;akd
fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï$wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï j,ska uqo,a udre ls¯fuka újD; l<yel'
1'3 wkqu; ner ls¯ï
^w& nexl= moaO;sh yryd úfoaYhlska ,o wduqL fma%IK
^wd& n,h,;a fjf<kaod yg m%ldY fldg .sKqï ysñhd úiska furgg /f.k tk ,o úfoaY uqo,a
^we& fjk;a fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï$wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqïj,ska udre lrk ,o uqo,a
^wE& wduqL fma%IK fnod ye¯fï .sKqulska ^IRDA& udre lrk ,o uqo,a
^b& fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqula yr ls¯fuka uQ,sl wdfhdackh is≥ lr we;akï" tjka úfoaY wdfhdackhkaf.ka
m%;suqL wdfhdack .sKqulg ,o m%d.aOkh yd m%d.aOk ,dN
^B& tu .sKqï ysñhdf.au úfoaY ixpdrl ldâmf;a Ndú;hg fkdf.k b;s˙ jQ fYaIh" wod< úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqfuka
úfoaY ixpdrl ldâm;g udre l< m%udKh olajd muKla'
^W& fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqfï mj;akd fYaIh u; úfoaY uqo,ska f.jkq ,nk fmd<sh'
1'4 wkqu; yr ls¯ï
^w& Y%S ,xldfjka msg;g lrkq ,nk ´kEu m%;suqL fma%IKhka
^wd& Y%S ,xldj ;=, Y%S ,xld remsh,a j,ska lrkq ,nk f.ùï
^we& .sKqïysñhd ms<sn|j fkdi<ld fjk;a fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqïj,g lrkq ,nk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
^wE& úfoaY ixpdrl ldâm;la w;am;kh ls¯u ^upload& i|yd lrk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
^b& ´kEu wruqKla fjkqfjka we't'c' fvd,r® 10"000 la fyda fjk;a ´kEu úfoaY jHjydr uqo,lska Bg iudk jk
m%udKhla olajd úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgqj,ska wdmiq .ekSu
^B& úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a Ndr .ekSu i|yd wjir,;a Y%S ,xldfõ isák mqoa.,hska úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk úfoaY
jHjydr uqo,a .sKqïj,g lrkq ,nk uqo,a udre ls¯ï

III fldgi - 20 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

1'5 udisl jdr®;d ls¯ï

^w& n,h,;a fjf<∫ka úiska weuqKqu ˚ ys olajd we;s m˙† udisl mokfuka ilia l< jdr®;djla t<fUk udifha 15 jk
†k fyda Bg m%:u ecdm@cbsl.lk hk úoHq;a ,smskh yryd fuu fomdr®;fïka;=jg b†˙m;a ls¯u wjYH flfr®'
^wd& by; jdr®;dj iemhSu i|yd wod< f;dr;=re nexl=j, .sKqï fmd;aj,ska W;amdokh$Wmqgd .ekSu msKsi n,h,;a
fjf<∫ka úiska nexl=j ;=, ksis moaO;shla l%shd;aul ls¯u wjYH flfr®'
2' weuqKqu ˚˚ ys olajd we;s m˙† fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqïj,g wod, wjYH;djhka i|yka lrñka úksuh md,k
mk; hgf;a ksl=;a l< fufyhqï Wmfoia yd úOdkhka fuhska wj,x.= flfr®'
3' l,ska ksl=;a lrk ,o weuqKqu ˚˚ ys olajd we;s fufyhqï Wmfoia yd úOdkhka wj,x.= ls¯u u.ska" tu úOdkhka hgf;a"
tfia wj,x.= ls¯ug mQr®jfhka yg .kakd ,o j.lSï fyda oKavkhka i|yd jk ysñlï iïnkaOfhka lsis≥ n,mEula is≥
fkdflfr®'
w;aika lf<a( úksuh md,l

2016 wxl 2 ork úOdkh i|yd jQ weuqKqu ˚

fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï i|yd jQ udisl m%ldYkh
nexl=fõ ku (
jdr®;d lrk udih iy jr®Ih (
úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a jr®.h wdrïNl fYaIh uqΩ ner ls¯ï uqΩ yr ls¯ï wjika fYaIh
.sKqï jákdlu msgráka ,o fjk;a tl;=j Y%S ,xldfjka msg;g fjk;a tl;=j .sKqï jákdlu
.Kk wduqL fm%aIK is≥ lrk ,o m%;suqL .Kk
fm%aIK

´iafÜ%,shdkq fvd,r®
lefkaähdkq fvd,r®
iagr®,sx mjqï
iaúia µ%Ekala
veksIa fl%dakr®
hQfrda
Ök frkañkaì
fydxfldx fvd,r®
cmka fhka
kjiS,ka; fvd,r®
fkdar®fõ‚hdkq fl%dakr®
isx.mamQre fvd,r®
iaúäIa fl%dakr®
we't'c fvd,r®
nexl=fõ .sKqï fmd;a u.ska Wmqgd.;a $ W;amdokh jQ by; f;dr;=re ksjer† njg wms iy;sl jkafkuq'

n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a ku wkql+,;d ks,Od˙hdf.a ku

w;aik w;aik

†kh †kh

weuqKqu ˚˚

fuu úOdkfha 2 jk f√oh m%ldrj wj,x.= lrkq ,nk fufyhqï Wmfoia iy úOdkhkaf.a ,ehsia;=j
1 1991 wf.daia;= 01 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl EC$52$91^D&
2' 1991 wf.daia;= 13 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl EC$60$91^D&
3' 1991 Tlaf;danr® 24 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl EC$83$91^D&
4' 1991 foieïnr® 12 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl EC$115$91^D&
5' 1992 fmnrjd˙ 06 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl EC$13$92^D&
6' 1992 fmnrjd˙ 27 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl EC$22$92^D&

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 21

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

7' 1992 cQ,s 09 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl EC$65$92^D&

8' 1993 udr®;= 03 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl EC$32$93^D&
9' 1993 udr®;= 16 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl EC$38$93^D&
10' 1999 foieïnr® 14 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl EC$07$99^D&
11' 2008 foieïnr® 03 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$19$2008
12' 2009 Tlaf;danr® 01 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$05$2009
13' 2012 fkdjeïnr® 12 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$07$2009
14' 2012 cQ,s 11 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$04$2012
15' 2012 wf.daia;= 09 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$06$2012
16' 2012 foieïnr® 31 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$12$2012
17' 2013 cqks 12 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$16$2013
18' 2014 uehs 28 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$04$2014

úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka( 2016 wxl 03 2016 ckjd˙ 20
fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<÷ka fj;
ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
úksuh md,k mkf;a 3 jk j.ka;sh m%ldrj" my; fldkafoaisj,g hg;aj ;djld,sl fyda ia:ßr fkajdisl ùid u; Y%S ,xldfõ
fkajdisl úcd;slhka i|yd fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï wdrïN lr mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd n,h,;a fjf<∫ka
fj; fuhska wjir fokq ,efí'
1'1 .sKqï wdrïN ls¯u yd mj;ajdf.k hdu
fuu .sKqï cx.u" b;=reï fyda ld,Sk ;ekam;= wdldrfhka ´kEu wkqu; úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a jr®.hlska foaYSh nexl=
tallfha újD; lr mj;ajdf.k hdyel' flfiajqj;a" cx.u .sKqula fjkqfjka fpla fmd;la ksl=;a ls¯u is≥ l<fkdyel'
1'2 wkqu; ner ls¯ï
^w& nexl= moaO;sh yryd úfoaYhlska ,o wduqL fma%IK
^wd& ner lrk ,o †k mj;sk úksuh wkqmd;hg m˙jr®;kh lrk ,o" msgrgg fma%IKh ls¯u i|yd úksuh md,l úiska
wjir ° we;s Y%S ,xld remsh,a
^we& .sKqï ysñhdf.a fiajdfhdaclhd úiska wlafjr< nexl= tallhl mj;ajdf.k hk .sKqulska udre lrk ,o uqo,a
^wE& my; fldkafoaisj,g hg;aj" ner lrk ,o †k mj;sk úksuh wkqmd;hg m˙jr®;kh lrk ,o" .sKqï ysñhdf.a fiajd
fhdaclhd úiska mj;ajdf.k hk .sKqulska udre lrk ,o Y%S ,xld remsh,aj,ska jQ udisl jegqm(
- .sKqï ysñhdf.a ùid n,m;%fha yd fiajd kshqla;s .súiqfï ksjer† Ndjh ms<sn|j n,h,;a fjf<kaod úiska
m¯laId l<hq;=h'
- udislj m˙jr®;kh lrk remsh,a m%udKh" fiajd kshqla;s .súiqfï olajd we;s jegqma m%udKh fkdblauúh
hq;=h'
^b& ,sÅ; idlaIsj, ksjer†Ndjh m¯laId ls¯fuka wk;=rej" ner lrk ,o †k mj;sk úksuh wkqmd;hg m˙jr®;kh lrk
,o Y%S ,xld remsh,aj,ska jQ fjk;a ´kEu fiajd kshqla;s m%;s,dN
^B& tu .sKqï ysñhdf.au iq/l=ïm;a wdfhdack .sKqulska ^SIA& udre lrk ,o uqo,a
^W& fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqula yr ls¯fuka uQ,sl wdfhdackh is≥ lr we;akï" tjka úfoaY
wdfhdackhkaf.ka m%;suqL wdfhdack .sKqulg ,o m%d.aOkh yd m%d.aOk ,dN
^W!& tu .sKqï ysñhdf.au úfoaY ixpdrl ldâmf;a Ndú;hg fkdf.k b;s˙ jQ  fYaIh" wod< fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY
jHjydr uqo,a .sKqfuka úfoaY ixpdrl ldâm;g ner l< m%udKh olajd muKla'
^t& wod, fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqfï mj;akd fYaIh u; úfoaY uqo,ska f.jkq ,nk fmd<sh'
1'3 wkqu; yr ls¯ï
^w& Y%S ,xldfjka msg;g lrkq ,nk ´kEu m%;suqL fma%IKhka'
^wd& Y%S ,xldj ;=< Y%S ,xld remsh,aj,ska is≥ lrkq ,nk f.ùï'
^we& úfoaY ixpdrl ldâm;la w;am;kh ls¯u ^upload& i|yd lrk uqo,a udre ls¯ï'
^wE& ´kEu wruqKla fjkqfjka we't'c' fvd,r® 10"000 la fyda fjk;a ´kEu úfoaY jHjydr uqo,lska Bg iudk jk
m%udKhla olajd úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgqj,ska wdmiq .ekSï'
^b& úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a Ndr .ekSu i|yd wjir,;a Y%S ,xldfõ isák mqoa.,hska úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk úfoaY
jHjydr uqo,a .sKqïj,g lrkq ,nk uqo,a udre ls¯ï'

III fldgi - 22 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

^B& by; 1'2 ^we&" 1'2 ^wE&" 1'2 ^b& fldgiaj,g wkqj fiajd fhdaclhd úiska jeämqr f.ùula is≥ lr we;s wjia:djl° fyda
fiajd fhdaclhdg f.úh hq;= fjk;a ´kEu f.ùulg wod,j" .sKqï ysñhdf.a fiajd fhdaclhd úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq
,nk .sKqulg lrk ner ls¯ïj,g wod< uqo,a udre ls¯ï'
1'4 udisl jdr®;d ls¯ï
^w& n,h,;a fjf<∫ka úiska weuqKqu ˚ m˙† udisl mokñka ilia l< jdr®;djla t<fUk udifha 15 jk †k fyda Bg m%:u
ecdm@cbsl.lk hk úoHq;a ,smskh yryd fuu fomdr®;fïka;=jg b†˙m;a ls¯u wjYH flfr®'
^wd& by; jdr®;dj iemhSu i|yd wod< f;dr;=re nexl=j, .sKqï fmd;aj,ska W;amdokh$Wmqgd .ekSu msKsi n,h,;a
fjf<∫ka úiska nexl=j ;=< ksis moaO;shla l%shd;aul ls¯u wjYH flfr®'
2 weuqKqu ˚˚ ys olajd we;s m˙† fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqïj,g wod, wjYH;djhka i|yka lrñka úksuh
md,k mk; hgf;a ksl=;a l< fufyhqï Wmfoia yd úOdkhka fuhska wj,x.= flfr®'
3 l,ska ksl=;a lrk ,o weuqKqu ˚˚ ys olajd we;s fufyhqï Wmfoia yd úOdkhka wj,x.= ls¯u u.ska" tu úOdkhka hgf;a
tfia wj,x.= ls¯ug mQr®jfhka yg .kakd ,o j.lSï fyda oKavkhka i|yd jk ysñlï iïnkaOfhka lsis≥ n,mEula is≥
fkdflfr®'

w;aika lf<a( úksuh md,l

2016 wxl 3 ork úOdkh i|yd jQ weuqKqu ˚
fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï ms<sn| udisl m%ldYkh
nexl=fõ ku (
jdr®;d lrk udih iy jr®Ih (
úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a jr®.h wdrïNl fYaIh uqΩ ner ls¯ï uqΩ yr ls¯ï wjika fYaIh
.sKqï jákdlu msgráka ,o fjk;a tl;=j Y%S ,xldfjka fjk;a tl;=j .sKqï jákdlu
.Kk wduqL fm%aIK msg;g is≥ lrk .Kk
,o m%;suqL fm%aIK
´iafÜ%,shdkq fvd,r®
lefkaähdkq fvd,r®
iagr®,sx mjqï
iaúia µ%Ekala
veksIa fl%dakr®
hQfrda
Ök frkañkaì
fydxfldx fvd,r®
cmka fhka
kjiS,ka; fvd,r®
fkdar®fõ‚hdkq fl%dakr®
isx.mamQre fvd,r®
iaúäIa fl%dakr®
we't'c fvd,r®
nexl=fõ .sKqï fmd;a u.ska Wmqgd.;a $ W;amdokh jQ by; f;dr;=re ksjer† njg wms iy;sl jkafkuq'

n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a ku wkql+,;d ks,Od˙hdf.a ku

w;aik w;aik
†kh †kh

weuqKqu ˚˚
fuu úOdkfha 2 jk f√oh m%ldrj wj,x.= flfrk fufyhqï Wmfoia yd úOdkhkaf.a ,ehsia;=j
1' 1980 uehs 14 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl EC$19$80^D&
2' 1983 uehs 11 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl EC$19$83^D&
3' 2011 wf.daia;= 18 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$07$2011
4' 2013 ckjd˙ 02 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$07$2013
5' 2014 uehs 28 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$05$2014

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 23

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka( 2016 wxl 04 2016 ckjd˙ 20

úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqï iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<÷ka fj;
ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
úksuh md,k mkf;a 3 jk j.ka;sh m%ldrj" my; fldkafoaisj,g hg;aj úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqï wdrïN lr
mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd n,h,;a fjf<∫ka fj; fuhska wjir fokq ,efí'
1'1 iq≥iqlï,;a mqoa.,hka
^w& úfoaY úksuh Wmhkq ,nk Y%S ,xldfõ fkajdisl my; i|yka mqoa.,hka
⁄' ;ks mqoa.,fhl=
⁄⁄' Y%S ,xldfõ ,shdm†xÑ l< ;ks mqoa., jHdmdrhla iy yjq,a jHdmdrhla
⁄⁄⁄' Y%S ,xldfõ ixia:dms; iud.ula
⁄¤' 2007 wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk; hgf;a úfoaYSh iud.ula f,i ,shdm†xÑ l< Y%S ,xldfjka msg; ixia:dms;
iud.ula
¤' wod< fr®Çh wud;HdxYhl fyda fhda.H wêld˙hl f,alïf.a ksr®foaYh iys; rdcH wdh;khla
^wd& úksuh md,l úiska m%odkh lr we;s wjirhla hgf;a Y%S ,xldfjka msg; fkajdisl mqoa.,fhl=f.ka úfoaY jHjydr
uqo,ska Kh ,nd .ekSu i|yd iq≥iqlï ,;a mqoa.,fhl=
1'2 rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhlg úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqula wdrïN lr mj;ajdf.k hdug wjir ,nd fokq fkd,efí'
1'3 .sKqï jr®.
úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqula cx.u" b;=reï fyda ld,Sk ;ekam;= wdldrfhka ´kEu úfoaY jHdjydr uqo,a
jr®.hlska foaYSh nexl= tallfha újD; l<yel' flfia jqj;a" cx.u .sKqula fjkqfjka fplafmd;la ksl=;a ls¯u is≥ l<
fkdyel'
1'4 wkqu; ner ls¯ï
^w& Y%S ,xldfjka msg; is≥ lrk ,o wdfhdack" NdKav yd fiajd wmkhkh" wka;rd, fj<|du" .sKqï ysñhd úiska Ndr
.kakd ,o úfoaY jHdmD;s iy Y%S ,xldfjka msg; fkajdisl mqoa.,fhl= yg foaYShj imhk ,o NdKav iïnkaOfhka
nexl= moaO;sh yryd úfoaYhkaf.ka ,o wduqL fma%IK yd Y%S ,xldfjka msg; nexl= úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o úfoaY jHjydr
uqo,ska jk wKlr'
^wd& wod< m˙† Y%S ,xld fr®.=jg m%ldY fldg .sKqï ysñhd úiska furgg /f.k wd úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a'
^we& úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a Ndr .ekSu msKsi úksuh md,l úiska m%odkh lr we;s wjirhla m%ldrj ixpdrl fplam;a" nexl=
wKlr fyda uqo,a fkdaÜgq wdldrfhka .sKqï ysñhd úiska Ndr .kakd ,o tjeks úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a
^wE& .sKqï ysñhd úiska Y%S ,xldfjka msg; fkajdisl mqoa.,fhl=g úl=Kk ,o NdKav fyda imhk ,o fiajd fjkqfjka" Y%S
,xldfjka msg;° ksl=;a lrk ,o úoHq;a uqo,a yqjudre ldâm;la Ndú;fhka bf,lafg%dksla o;a; .%dyl gr®ñk,hla
^Electronic Data Capture ^EDC& Terminal& fyda wka;r®cd, f.ùï udOHh ^Internet Payment Gateway ^IPG&& yryd ,o
f.ùï' flfiafj;;a" n,h,;a fjf<ka|d úiska tjeks f.ùï úfoaY  úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqug ner l<hq;af;a
Y%S ,xldfjka msg;° ksl=;a lrk ,o úoHq;a uqo,a yqjudre ldâm;la Ndú;fhka lrk ,o f.ùï tys wka;r®.; njg
EDC$IPG m%;smdolhdf.ka ,sÅ; ;yjqrejla ,nd .ekSfuka wk;=rejh'
^b& NdKav yd fiajd iemhSu iïnkaOfhka fjk;a úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqïj,ska yd wlafjr< nexl= tallfha
mj;ajdf.k hk .sKqïj,ska udre lrk ,o uqo,a
^B& n,h,;a fjf<∫kaf.ka ,o úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska jk Kh uqo,a
^W& úksuh md,lf.a wkque;sh iys;j úfoaYSh Kh ,nd fokafkl=f.ka úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska ,nd.;a Kh uqo,a
^W!& úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqula yr ls¯fuka uQ,sl wdfhdackh is≥ lr we;akï" tjka úfoaY wdfhdackhkaf.ka
m%;suqL wdfhdack .sKqulg ^OIA& ,o m%d.aOkh yd m%d.aOk ,dN
^t& LKsc f;,a lr®udka; úIh Ndr weu;sjrhd úiska ,ndfok ,o n,m;%hla u; l%shd;aul jk bkaOk iemhqï lrefjl=
úiska bkaOk iemhSug wod<j úfoaY keõ fiajhl$.=jka fiajhl ksfhda‚;fhl= i|yd jk úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a
.sKqulska ^FCAASA& udre lrk ,o uqo,a
^ta& 2013 Tlaf;danr® 21 †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$25$01$2013 ork ^ixfYdaê;& úOdkhkaf.a m<uq Wm f,aLkhg wkqj jrdh
mr®hka; fufyhqï lrefjl=f.a jrdh mr®hka; .dia;=j,g wod<j FCAASA .sKqulska udre lrk ,o uqo,a
^T& úfoaY m%Odksfhl=g iDcqju NdKav yd fiajd iemhSu fjkqfjka úfoaY m%Odkshdf.ka ,o wduqL fma%IK Ndú;d lrñka
FCAASA .sKqulska udre lrk ,o uqo,a
^´& wduqL fma%IK fnod ye¯fï .sKqulska ^IRDA& udre lrk ,o uqo,a
^l& iq≥iqlï,;a .Kqfokqlrejkag iy iu rlaIlhskag ksl=;a lrk ,o úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska kdukh lr we;s rlaIK
Tmamq i|yd ,efnk jd˙l iy Y%S ,xld rlaIK uKav,fha ,shdm†xÑ ù we;s rlaIK iud.ïj,g m%;srlaIlhskaf.ka
iy cd;sl rlaIK Ndr wruqof,ka ,efnk ysñlï

III fldgi - 24 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

^.& fuys i|yka 1'5 f√ofha ^B& whs;uh m%ldrj ´kEu wruqKla fjkqfjka iy 1'5 f√ofha ^T& whs;uh hgf;a i|yka lr
we;s wruqKq fjkqfjka úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqula yr ls¯fuka .sKqï ysñhd úiska ,nd.;a úfoaY jHjydr
uqo,aj,ska Ndú;d fkdl< úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a'
^p& tu .sKqï ysñhdf.au úfoaY ixpdrl ldâmf;a Ndú;hg fkdf.k b;s˙ jQ fYaIh" wod< úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a
.sKqfuka úfoaY ixpdrl ldâm;g udre l< m%udKh olajd muKla'
^c& úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqu yr ls¯fuka uQ,sl m%;suqL fma%IKh is≥ lr we;akï 2014 uehs 28 †ke;s wxl 1864$38
ork rcfha ^w;súfYaI& .eiÜ m;%fha m< lrk ,o oekaùu yd 2014 uehs 28 †ke;s iïnkaO wxl 06$04$03$2014 ork
úOdkh m%ldrj Y%S ,xldfjka msg; mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk nexl= .sKqulska udre lrk ,o uqo,a'
1'5 wkqu; yr ls¯ï
^w& Y%S ,xldfjka msg;g is≥ lrkq ,nk ´kEu m%;suqL fma%IKhka
^wd& Y%S ,xldj ;=< Y%S ,xld remsh,a j,ska lrkq ,nk f.ùï
^we& .sKqï ysñhd úiska NdKav ñ,° .ekSu yd fiajd ,nd .ekSu iïnkaOfhka fjk;a úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a
.sKqïj,g yd wlafjr< nexl= tallj, mj;ajdf.k hk .sKqïj,g flfrk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
^wE& úfoaY keõ fiajhl$.=jka fiajhl ksfhda‚;fhl= i|yd jk úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqul ^FCAASA& nerg NdKav
m%jdyk .dia;= jYfhka lrkq ,nk f.ùï
^b& úfoaY ixpdrl ldâm;la w;am;kh ls¯u ^upload& i|yd lrk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
^B& ´kEu wruqKla fjkqfjka we't'c' fvd,r® 10"000 la fyda fjk;a ´kEu úfoaY jHjydr uqo,lska Bg iudk jk
m%udKhla olajd úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgq j,ska uqo,a wdmiq .ekSï
^W& úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a Ndr .ekSu i|yd wjir,;a Y%S ,xldfõ isák mqoa.,hska úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk úfoaY jHjydr
uqo,a .sKqïj,g lrkq ,nk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
^W!& tu .sKqï ysñhdf.au m%;suqL wdfhdack .sKqulg lrk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
^t& .sKqï ysñhd úiska n,h,;a fjf<∫kaf.ka úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska ,nd.;a Kh wdmiq f.ùï
^ta& iq≥iqlï ,;a .Kqfokqlrejkag iy iu rlaIlhskag úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska kdukh lr we;s rlaIK Tmamq i|yd
f.jk ysñlï" foaYSh$úfoaYSh m%;srlaIlhskag iy cd;sl rlaIK Ndr wruqo,g f.jk jd˙l iy Y%S ,xld rlaIK
uKav,fha ,shdm†xÑ ù we;s rlaIK iud.ï úiska f.jkq ,nk ;e/õ .dia;=
^T& ueKsla yd iajr®KdNrK fjf<∫ka úiska cd;sl ueKsla yd iajr®KdNrK wêld˙fhka ,nd.;a ;yjqrejla b†˙m;a ls¯u
u; úfoaYhkays° lmd Tm oeuQ fyda rΩ ueKsla .,a iy fjk;a wuqo%jH ñ,g .ekqï i|yd tlajrlg we't'c' fvd,r®
50"000 lg fkdjeä uqo,la úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgqj,ska wdmiq .ekSï
1'6 fjk;a wjYH;djhka
^w& úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqula újD; lr mj;ajdf.k hEu msKsi wh≥ïlref.a fhda.H;djh ksr®Kh ls¯u
i|yd jk ,sÅ; idlaIs wod, jkafka kï yd tjeks wh≥ïlrejl=f.a jHdmdr lghq;= lrf.k hEu i|yd wod<
wêld˙fha$wêld¯kaf.a wkque;sh" úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqu újD; lrk wjia:dfõ° ,nd.; hq;=h'
^wd& úksuh md,l úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o úOdkhla hgf;a m%odkh lr we;s whsrd myiqlula yereKq fldg úfoaY úksuh
Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqula lsis≥ wjia:djl yr fYaIhla fkdfmkaúh hq;=h'
^we& lsis≥ wjia:djl° Y%S ,xld remsh,a úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a njg m˙jr®;kh lr úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqulg
ner fkdl< hq;=h'
^wE& tlu .sKqï ysñhdf.a úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqï w;r uqo,a udre ls¯u i|yd wjir we;'
1'7 udisl jdr®;d ls¯ï
^w& n,h,;a fjf<∫ka úiska weuqKqu ˚ ys olajd we;s m˙† udisl mokfuka ilia l< jdr®;djla t<fUk udifha 15 jk
†k fyda Bg m%:u ecdm@cbsl.lk hk úoHq;a ,smskh yryd fuu fomdr®;fïka;=jg b†˙m;a ls¯u wjYH flfr®'
^wd& by; jdr®;dj iemhSu i|yd wod< f;dr;=re nexl=j, .sKqï fmd;aj,ska W;amdokh$Wmqgd .ekSu msKsi n,h,;a
fjf<∫ka úiska nexl=j ;=< ksis moaO;shla l%shd;aul ls¯u wjYH flfr®'
2' weuqKqu ˚˚ ys olajd we;s m˙† úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqïj,g wod, wjYH;djhka i|yka lrñka úksuh md,k
mk; hgf;a ksl=;a l< fufyhqï Wmfoia yd úOdkhka fuhska wj,x.= flfr®'
3' l,ska ksl=;a lrk ,o weuqKqu ˚˚ ys olajd we;s fufyhqï Wmfoia yd úOdkhka wj,x.= ls¯u u.ska" tu úOdkhka hgf;a
tfia wj,x.= ls¯ug mQr®jfhka yg .kakd ,o j.lSï fyda oKavkhka i|yd jk ysñlï iïnkaOfhka lsis≥ n,mEula is≥
fkdflfr®'

w;aika lf<a( úksuh md,l

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 25

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

2016 wxl 4 ork úOdkh i|yd jQ weuqKqu ˚

úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqï ms<sn| udisl m%ldYkh
nexl=fõ ku (
jdr®;d lrk udih iy jr®Ih (
.sKqï ldKavh ner yr udih udih
udih msgráka ,o ner lrk ,o fjk;a Y%S ,xldfjka msg;g fjk;a yr wjidkfha wjidkfha
uqo,a
wdrïNfha ° wduqL fm%aIK uqΩ fmd<sh ner ls¯ï is≥ lrk ,o m%;suqL ls¯ï ° fYaIh ° uqΩ .sKqï
jr®.h
fYaIh fm%aIK .Kk

wmkhklrejka
jl% wmkhklrejka
jD;a;Suh fiajd imhkakka
ixpdrl ksfhda‚;hka
wuqøjH fhojqï imhkakka
ue◊la yd iajr®KdNrK fjf<`≥ka
rlaIK lrejka
úfoaY /lshd ksfhda‚;hka
fmd≥ wjirh hgf;a jk .sKqï ysñhka
úfYaI$;djld,sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï
ysñhka
úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska jk Kh .ekSï
fjk;a
^lreKdlr ldKavh i`oyka lrkak&
igyk( ishΩu .sKqïj,g wod, f;dr;=re wod, uqo,a jr®. hgf;a olajkak' ^hQfrda" we't'c' fvd,r®" iagr®,sx mjqï" fjk;a ^i`oyka lrkak'&
nexl=fõ .sKqï fmd;aj,ska Wmqgd.;a $ W;amdokh jQ by; f;dr;=re ksjer† njg wms iy;sl jkafkuq'

n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a ku wkql+,;d ks,Od˙hdf.a ku

w;aik w;aik

weuqKqu ˚˚
fuu úOdkfha 2 jk f√oh m%ldrj wj,x.= lrkq ,nk fufyhqï Wmfoia yd úOdkhkaf.a ,ehsia;=j
1' 2012 cq,s 11 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$05$2012
2' 2012 foieïnr® 31 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$13$2012
3' 2013 ckjd˙ 01 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$03$2013
4' 2013 ckjd˙ 24 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$10$2013
5' 2013 fmnrjd˙ 21 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$13$2013
6' 2014 uehs 28 jk †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$07$2014

YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd§ ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h

w;s úfYI
wxl 1950$29 - 2016 ckjd˙ ui 20 jeks n∞∞ - 2016'01'20
^rcfha n,h msg m%isoaO lrk ,°&
1 jeks fldgi ( (I) jeks fPoh - idudkH
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ ksfõok
úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a ±kaùu ^,xld jHjia:dodhl m%{ma;s ix.%yfha 423 jk wêldrh&
úksuh md,k mkf;a 5" 6 yd 6A jeks j.ka;s m%ldrj jQ wjirh
úksuh md,k mkf;a 03 jk iy 48 jeks j.ka;s iuÛ lshefjk tlS mkf;a 5" 6 yd 6A j.ka;s m%ldrj mjrd we;s n,;,
ls%hd;aul ls¯u u.ska úfoaY úksuh ika;lfha ;nd .ekSug yd r|jd ;nd .ekSug my; olajd we;s m˙† fuu.ska wjirh
m%∞kh lrkq ,efí'
1' úfoaY úksuh ika;lfha ;nd .ekSu yd r|jd ;nd .ekSu -
1'1 YS% ,xldfõ jdih lrk my; i|yka mqoa.,hkag úfoaY úksuh ika;lfha ;nd .ekSug yd r|jd ;nd .ekSug my;
i|yka 2 f√ofha ±lafjk fldkafoaisj,g hg;aj wjir fokq ,efí (-

III fldgi - 26 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

^w& n,h,;a fjf<kafol=g" Tyqg ,nd ° we;s wjirfha kshuhka ;=< idudkH jHdmdr lghq;= j,° w;alr .kakd
,o úfoaY úksuh ;ud ika;lfha ;nd .ekSug yd r|jd ;nd .ekSug yel'
^wd& n,h,;a ;eke;af;l=g" Tyqg ,nd ° we;s wjirfha kshuhka ;=<" idudkH jHdmdr lghq;= j,° ,efnk yd
w;alr .kakd úfoaY uqo,a ;ud ika;lfha ;nd .ekSug yd r|jd ;nd .ekSug yel'
^we& ;ks mqoa.,fhl=g iuia; jákdlu tlai;a ckmo fvd,r® 10"000 fyda fjk;a úfoaYSh uqo,a jr®.hlska
tu jákdlug iudk uqo,lg jeä fkdjk uqo,la jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgq iy$fyda ixpdrl
fplam;a wdldrfhka ;ud ika;lfha r|jd ;nd .ekSug yel' tfia jqj o by; lS wdldrfhka ;ud
ika;lfha ;nd .; yels úfoaY uqo,a jkqfha -
^⁄& úfoaY ixpdr i|yd Tyq úiska n,h,;a fjf<kafol=f.ka fyda n,h,;a ;eke;af;l=f.ka ñ,°
.kakd ,o iy m%fhdackhg fkdf.k kej; YS% ,xldjg meñfKk úg /f.k wd úfoaY uqo,a · fyda
^⁄⁄& YS% ,xldfjka msg; m†xÑ mqoa.,fhl=g lrk ,o fiajdjla fjkqfjka Tyq fj; lrkq ,enQ f.ùula
f,i ,o úfoaY uqo,a  · fyda
^⁄⁄⁄& wfkajdisl úfoaY uqo,a .sKqï ysñhka" fkajdisl úfoaY uqo,a .sKqï ysñhka" fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY
uqo,a .sKqï ysñhka yd úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqï ysñhka úiska tu .sKqïj,ska wdmiq .kakd
,o úfoaY uqo,a fkdaÜgq'
^wE& YS% ,xldfõ f;dgqfmd<j,ska YS% ,xldjg we;=Ωjk yd YS% ,xldfjka msgjk u.Skag Tjqkaf.a fkajdisl
;;aFjh ie,ls,a,g fkdf.k ;Sre n≥ iyk hgf;a NdKav yd fiajd iemhSug wjir,;a jHdmdrhla
mj;ajdf.k hk YS% ,xldfõ fkajdisl mqoa.,fhl=g fyda YS% ,xldfjka msg; jdih lrk mqoa.,fhl=g
NdKav yd fiajd iemhSfuka ,nd.;a úfoaY úksuh ;ud ika;lfha ;nd.; yel'
1'2 YS% ,xldfjka msg; jdih lrk mqoa.,hka -
YS% ,xldfjka msg; jdih lrk mqoa.,fhl= YS% ,xldfjka neyerj isáh ° fyda n,h,;a fjf<∫ka$n,h,;a ;eke;a;ka
iu. mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk úfoaY uqo,a .sKqï u.ska w;alr .kakd ,o úfoaY uqo,a YS% ,xldj ;=< ° iSudjlska f;drj
;ud ika;lfha r|jd ;nd .ekSug yel'
2' YS% ,xldfõ fkajdisl mqoa.,fhl=g úfoaY úksuh r|jd ;nd.; yels ld,h (
2'1 hï mqoa.,fhl= n,h,;a fjf<kaf|l= fyda n,h,;a ;eke;af;l= fj; b†˙m;a lrk ,o b,aÆïm;%hl i|yka
ldr®hhla i|yd ,nd.;a úfoaY uqo,a tlS ldr®hh i|yd Ndú;d fkdlrkafka kï tu uqo,a tajd ,o †k isg †k 90 l
ld,hla blaujd YS% ,xld remsh,aj,g m˙jr®;kh fkdfldg ;ud ika;lfha ;nd.ekSu fkdl< hq;= h'
2'2 hï mqoa.,fhl= ;ud úiska n,h,;a fjf<kaf|l= fyda n,h,;a ;eke;af;l= fj; b†˙m;a lrk ,o b,aÆïm;%hl
i|yka ldr®hhla i|yd ,nd.;a úfoaY uqo,aj,ska" YS% ,xldjg kej; f.k wd tlS uqo, u fyda bka fldgila YS% ,xld
remsh,aj,g m˙jr®;kh fkdfldg tf,i f.k wd †k isg †k 90 l ld,hla blaujd ;ud ika;lfha ;nd.ekSu
fkdl< hq;= h'
2'3 /lshdjl" jHdmdrhl fyda jD;a;Suh lghq;a;l kshe,Su i|yd YS% ,xldfjka msg;g f.dia isák hï mqoa.,fhl= tjeks
/lshdjlska" jHdmdr fyda jD;a;Sh lghq;=j,ska Wmhd .kakd fyda ,nd.kakd jQ iy bkamiq YS% ,xldjg f.k tkakd
jQ úfoaY uqo,a" tlS ;eke;a;d tu uqo,a uõìudhkh ls¯fï †k isg †k 90 l ld,hla blaujd YS% ,xld remsh,aj,g
m˙jr®;kh ls¯fuka f;drj fyda úfoaY uqo,a .sKqï újD; ls¯u fyda mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd jQ úksuh md,k mk;
hgf;a n,h,;a fjf<∫kag ksl=;a lr we;s fr.=,disj,g wkql+,j újD; l< iy$fyda mj;ajdf.k hkakd jQ úfoaY
uqo,a .sKqulr ner fkdlr r|jd .ekSug ysñlula fkd,nkafka h'
2'4 hï mqoa.,fhla úiska YS% ,xldfjka msg; jdih lrk mqoa.,hskag imhk ,o NdKav yd fiajdj,g w∞, úfoaY jHjydr
uqo,ska Ndr.kakd ,o f.ùï Ndr.;a †k isg †k 07 la we;=<; úfoaY uqo,a Wmhd.;a mqoa.,hdf.a kñka mj;ajdf.k
hkq ,nk úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqul ;ekam;a ls¯fuka fyda n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jlg úls”fuka f;drj
tlS úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a ish ika;lfha ;nd fkd.; hq;= h'
2'5 fuu ksfõokfhys 1'1 f√ofha ^we& wkqf√ohg wkql+,j úfoaY uqo,a ;u ika;lfhys r|jd .kakd YS% ,xldfõ jdih
lrk ;eke;af;l=g fuu f√ofhys ^2'2& iy ^2'3& wkqf√ofhys ±lafjk ld,m˙Éf√oh w∞, fkdfõ'
3' fuu ±kaùfï ldr®hhka i|yd jk wr®: ksrEmKh (
3'1 fuu ksfõokfhys fm< fh≥u wkqj wkaf,ilska wjYH fkdjkafka kï"
^w& §n,h,;a fjf<kaod¶ hkafkka úksuh md,k mkf;a 4 j.ka;sh hgf;a tu mkf;a ldr®hhka i|yd
;;a ld,h ;=< rka fyda ´kE u úfoaYSh uqo,a jr®.hla iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<kafol= jYfhka
n,h fokq ,enQ jd◊c nexl=jla woyia flfr® ·
^wd& §n,h,;a ;eke;a;d¶ hkafkka ;;a ld,h ;=< úksuh md,k mkf;a 5 j.ka;sh hgf;a YS% ,xld uy
nexl=j hgf;a n,h fokq ,enQ ´kE u ;eke;af;l= woyia flfr® ·
^we& §úfoaY uqo,a¶ hkakg úksuh md,k mkf;a ° we;s wr®:h u w∞, fõ ·
^wE& §uqo,a¶ hkakg úksuh md,k mkf;a ° we;s wr®:h u w∞, fõ ·

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 27

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

^b& §úfoaY úksuh¶ hkakg úksuh md,k mkf;a ° we;s wr®:h u w∞, fõ ·
^B& §YS% ,xldfõ jdih lrk ;eke;af;l=¶ fyda §YS% ,xldfjka msg; jdih lrk ;eke;af;l=¶ hkafkka úksuh
md,k mkf;a 37^1& jeks j.ka;sh hgf;a uqo,a wud;H;=ud úiska ksl=;a lrk ,≥j 1972 wfm%a,a ui 21 †ke;s wxl
15"007 ork rcfha .eiÜ m;%fha m%isoaO lrk ,o kshufha olajd we;s wr®:h u fõ'
4' 2007 iema;eïnr® 25 jeks †ke;s wxl 1516$19 ork w;s úfYI .eiÜ ksfõokfha m%isoaO lrk ,o ksfõokh fuhska wj,x.=
flfr®'
à'tï'f–'jhs'mS' m%kdka≥"
úksuh md,l'
2016 ckjd˙ ui 20 jeks †k"
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j"
fld<U ° h'

YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd§ ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h

w;s úfYI
wxl 1950$40 - 2016 ckjd˙ ui 20 jeks n∞∞ - 2016'01'20
^rcfha n,h msg m%isoaO lrk ,°&
1 jeks fldgi ( (I) jeks fPoh - idudkH
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ ksfõok
úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a ±kaùu ^,xld jHjia:dodhl m%{ma;s ix.%yfha 423 jk wêldrh&
úksuh md,k mkf;a 07 iy 08 jk j.ka;s m%ldrj jQ wjirh
hï ;eke;af;l= úiska Tyqf.a úoHq;a uqo,a udre ls¯fï ldâm;la Ndú;fhka YS% ,xldfjka msg; fkajdisl ;eke;af;l=g úfoaY
jHjydr uqo,aj,ska f.ùï ls¯u i|yd úksuh md,k mkf;a ^,xld jHjia:d∞hl m%{ma;s ix.%yfha 423 jk wêldrh jQ& 7 jk
iy 8 jk j.ka;sj, ldr®h i|yd my; ±lafjk kshuhka yd fldkafoaisj,g hg;aj fuhska wjir fokq ,efí'
1' YS% ,xldj ;=< fkajdisl ;eke;af;l= úiska YS% ,xldfjka msg; fkajdisl ;eke;af;l=g úoHq;a uqo,a udre ls¯fï ldâm;lska
(EFTC) uqo,a f.ùu tu ldâm; úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqulg (FEEA)" fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqulg
(RFC)" fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqulg (RNNFC) yd wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqulg (NRFC)
t†˙j ksl=;a lr we;s wjia:djl ° yer my; i|yka ldr®hhka i|yd muKla úh hq;= h'
^w& ixpdrl" kjd;eka" ffjoH myiqlï" „jk yd wOHdmk úhoï we;=Ω fm!oa.,sl iajNdjfha fiajd i|yd
ldâm;aysñhl= úiska úfoaY rgj,° uqo,a f.ùu ·
^wd& fm!oa.,sl m%fhdackh i|yd úfoaY rgj,° NdKav ñ,° .ekSu i|yd uqo,a f.ùu ·
^we& 1969 wxl 01 ork wdkhk yd wmkhk ^md,k& mk; hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o úêúOdkhkays i|yka kshuhka"
fldkafoais yd iSudjkag hg;aj fm!oa.,sl m%fhdackh i|yd YS% ,xldjg NdKav wdkhkh ls¯u i|yd uqo,a
f.ùu·
^wE& úfoaYSh jD;a;Shuh wdh;khlg fyda wOHdmksl wdh;khlg f.úh hq;= fm!oa.,sl iajNdjfha ,shdm†xÑùfï .dia;+"
wu;r b.ekaùfï .dia;=" úNd. .dia;= iy jdr®Isl ∞hl uqo,a f.ùu ·
^b& fm!oa.,sl iajNdjfha ixpdrl iy fi!LH rlaIK i|yd muKla rlaIK jd˙l iïnkaOfhka uqo,a f.ùu ·
^B& YS% ,xldfõ isák w;r;=r fm!oa.,sl iajNdjfha úfoaY ixpdr yd kjd;eka myiqlï iïnkaOfhka uqo,a f.ùu'
2' iq≥iqlï ,;a mqoa.,hska ;ks mqoa.,hska jkafka kï" n,h,;a fjf<kafol=f.ka wh≥ï lr yr m;la ,nd .ekSug my;
i|yka mqoa.,hskag iq≥iqlï ,efí'
^w& /lshdjla" jHdmdrhla fyda jD;a;shla i|yd YS% ,xldfjka msg; fkajdislj isák YS% ,dxlsl mqrjeisfhl=g" tjeks
/lshdfjys" jHdmdrfhys fyda jD;a;sfhys kshef<k ld,h ;=< °'
^wd& YS% ,xldfjka msg; ia:ßrj jdih lrk" wfkajdisl wdjD; .sKqula fyda ixl%u◊l wdjD; .sKqula újD; lr we;s
YS% ,dxlsl mqrjeisfhl='
^we& rdcH ¥; úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï fyda rdcH ¥; remsh,a .sKqï ysñfhl='
^wE& wfkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï ysñfhl='
^b& fkajdisl wd.ka;=l remsh,a cx.u .sKqï ysñfhl='
^B& úfoaYSh fcHIaG mqrjeish.afka remsh,a .sKqï ysñfhl='
^W& iq/l=ïm;a wdfhdack .sKqï ysñfhl='
^W!& úfYaI úfoaY wdfhdack ;ekam;= .sKqï ysñfhl='

III fldgi - 28 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

^t& wka;r®cd;sl fiajd iemhqïlrejka iy Tjqkaf.a fiajlhka i|yd jk úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï" fiajd
kshqla;slfhl= f,i mj;ajdf.k hk mqoa.,fhl='
^ta& úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqï ysñfhl='
^T& fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï ysñfhl='
^´& fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï ysñfhl='
^l& wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï ysñfhl='
3' 2 f√ofha whs;u ^wd& isg ^l& olajd ,ehsia;=.; lr we;s ;ks mqoa.,fhl=g yr ldâm;la ksl=;a lrkq ,nk wjia:djl °"
tu .sKqfï nerg we;s uqo,a u; tlS yr ldâ m; ksl=;a l< yel'
4' 2 f√ofha olajd we;s m˙† ;ks mqoa.,fhl=g ksl=;a lr we;s yr ldâm;la my; ±lafjk kshuhka yd fldkafoaisj,g
hg;aj Ndú;d l< hq;= h(
w' YS% ,xldj ;=< ° ´kE u f.ùula YS% ,xld remsh,aj,ska f.ùug wjir we;'
wd' ^⁄& rdcH ¥; úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï ·
^⁄⁄& wfkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï ·
^⁄⁄⁄& iq/l=ïm;a wdfhdack .sKqï ·
^⁄¤& úfYaI úfoaY wdfhdack ;ekam;= .sKqï ·
^¤& úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqï ·
^¤⁄& fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï ·
^¤⁄⁄& fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï ·
^¤⁄⁄⁄& wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï'
hk .sKqïj,g t†˙j ksl=;a lrk ,o yr ldâm;la yryd ´kE u ldrKhla i|yd YS% ,xldfjka msg;
fkajdisl ;eke;af;l=g ´kE u f.ùula ls¯ug fmd≥ wjirhla ,nd ° we;'
we' my; i|yka ;eke;a;kag yr ldâm;a ksl=;a lr we;s wjia:dj, ° YS% ,xldfjka msg; fkajdisl ;eke;af;l=g"
cx.u cd;Hka;r .kqfokqjla i|yd f.ùula ls¯ug wjir we;'
^⁄& fiajd kshqla;slfhl= jYfhka mj;ajdf.k hk wka;r®cd;sl fiajd iemhqïlrejka iy Tjqkaf.a fiajlhka
i|yd jk úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï fiajd kshqla;slfhl= f,i mj;ajdf.k hk mqoa.,fhl= ·
^⁄⁄& /lshdjla" jHdmdrhla fyda jD;a;shla i|yd YS% ,xldfjka msg; fkajdislj isák YS% ,dxlsl mqrjeisfhl=g tjeks
/lshdfjys" jHdmdrfhys fyda jD;a;sfhys kshef<k ld,h ;=< °'
5' 2 f√ofha whs;u ^w&" ^ta&" ^T&" ^´& yd ^l& hgf;a úoHq;a uqo,a yqjudre ls¯fï ldâm;la ksl=;a lr we;s wjia:djl ° yer"
YS% ,xldfõ fkajdisl ;eke;af;l=g ksl=;a lr we;s úoHq;a uqo,a yqjudre ldâm;la" ldâm;a ysñhd fjk;a rglg ú.ukh
jkafka kï fyda úfoaY fiajd kshqla;shla i|yd YS% ,xlfjka neyerj hkafka kï" ldâm; ksl=;a l< nexl=jg Ndr †h
hq;= h'
6' yr ldâm;la fyda Kh ldâm;la Ndú;d lr úfoaY uqo,a ,nd .ekSfï wjia:djl ° ldâm;a ysñhd úiska tfia .;a uqo,a
Ndú;d fldg we;af;a 1 f√ofha iy 4 f√ofha whs;u ^we& hgf;a wjir,;a .kqfokq i|yd muKla njg ;yjqre l< yels
idlaIs ;nd.; hq;= h'
7' YS% ,xldfõ fkajdisl ;eke;af;l= úiska YS% ,xldfjka msg; fkajdisl ;eke;af;l=g úoHq;a uqo,a udre ls¯fï ldâm;la
yryd ´kE u wjYH;djhla i|yd by; 1 f√ofha i|yka wjYH;dj,ska m˙ndysrj lrkq ,nk f.ùï i|yd úksuh
md,ljrhdf.a mQr®j ,sÅ; wjirh wjYH jkafka h'
8' mo iïnkaOfhka wkHdr®:hla wjYH jkafka kï ñi" fuu ksfõokfha ldr®hh i|yd -
^⁄& §n,h,;a fjf<ka∞¶ hkakg úksuh md,k mkf;a ° we;s wr®:h u w∞< jkq we;'
^⁄⁄& §úoHq;a uqo,a yqjudre ldâm; (EFTC)¶ hkafkka ner" yr fyda fjk;a hï wdldrhl jákdlula udre ls¯u i|yd
Ndú;d lrkakdg yelshdj ,nd fok ldâm;la fyda WmlrKhla woyia jk w;r" thg Kh ldâm;a" yr ldâm;a
iy úksuh md,k mkf;a úêúOdkhkag wkql+, jk njg n,h,;a fjf<∫ka úiska .kqfokq úia;r y∫kd.; yels
wjia:dj, ° jákdlu ;ekam;a l< ldâm;a o we;=<;a fõ'
^⁄⁄⁄& §yr ldâm;¶ hkafkka uqo,a ,nd .ekSu iy$fyda NdKav yd fiajd ñ,° .ekSu fjkqfjka f.ùï ls¯u i|yd tu
ldâm; orkakd úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk .sKqu Rcqj u yr l< yels ldâm;la woyia fõ'
^⁄¤& §Kh ldâm;¶ hkafkka ldâm;a orkakd fj; th ksl=;a lrkakd úiska m%∞kh lrk ,o Kh myiqlula iys;
ldâm;a orkakd úiska Ndú;d lrk ,o Kh uqo, iïmQr®Kfhka fyda fldgila kshñ; †k fyda Bg fmr f.jd ksu
l< yels ldâm;la woyia fõ' kshñ; †kg fkdmshjk ,o Kh uqo,g ksl=;a lrkakd úiska fmd,S fyda fjk;a .dia;=
wh lrkq ,eìh yels h'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 29

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

^¤& §fm!oa.,sl¶ hkafkka ldâm;a ysñhdf.a" Tyqf.a$wehf.a l,;%hdf.a" <uhskaf.a iy foudmshkaf.a m%fhdackh i|yd
Ndú;d ls¯u woyia jk w;r tu.ska ldâm; hï jd◊c ldr®hhla i|yd Ndú;d ls¯u woyia fkdfõ'
9' 2005 iema;eïnr® 19 jeks †k wxl 1411$5" 2012 foieïnr® 20 jeks †k wxl 1789$34 iy 2014 uehs 28 jeks †k wxl 1864$40
ork w;s úfYI .eiÜ m;%hkays m<lrk ,o ±kaùï fuhska wj,x.= lrkq ,efí'
à'tï'f–'jhs'mS' m%kdka≥"
úksuh md,l'
2016 ckjd˙ ui 20 jeks †k"
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j"
fld<U ° h'

YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd§ ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h

w;s úfYI
wxl 1957$23 - 2016 udr®;= ui 11 jeks isl=rd∞ - 2016'03'11
^rcfha n,h msg m%isoaO lrk ,°&
1 jeks fldgi ( (I) jeks fPoh - idudkH
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ ksfõok
úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a ±kaùu ^,xld jHjia:dodhl m%{ma;s ix.%yfha 423 jk wêldrh&
úksuh md,k mkf;a 7" 11" 22^1& iy 30^5& jk j.ka;s m%ldr wjirh
úksuh md,k mkf;a ^,xld jHjia:d∞hl m%{ma;s ix.%yfha 423 jk wêldrh& 7 yd 11 j.ka;s iy 22 j.ka;sfha ^1& jk
Wmj.ka;sh yd 30 j.ka;sfha ^5& jk Wmj.ka;sh wkqj mej¯ we;s n,;, m%ldrj" my; i|yka mqoa., ldKavhka yg" YS% ,xld
rch úiska ksl=;a lrkq ,enQ YS% ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr ñ,° .ekSu" mej¯u yd f.ùï ls¯u i|yd;a" tlS mqoa., ldKavhka úiska
fyda tlS mqoa., ldKavhka yg ne∫ïlr wmkhkh ls¯u i|yd o fuu.ska wjir m%∞kh lrkq ,efí'
^⁄& 1923 wxl 8 ork foaYSh NdKavd.dr ì,am;a wd«mk; iy 1937 wxl 7 ork ,shdm†xÑ ialkaO iy iq/l=ï wd«mk;
hgf;a YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska m;a lrk ,o m%d:ñl fjf<∫ka·
^⁄⁄& YS% ,xldj ;=< fyda YS% ,xldfjka msg; fkajdisl" úfoaYSh rdcHhka ys mqrjeishka·
^⁄⁄⁄& YS% ,xldfjka msg; ;u ks;H jdiia:dkh lr .;a YS% ,dxlsl mqrjeishka·
^⁄¤& jD;a;shl fyda jHdmdrhl kshe,Su fyda /lshdjla lrf.k hdu i|yd YS% ,xldfjka neyerj f.dia isák YS% ,dxlsl
mqrjeishka·
^¤& YS% ,xldj yer fjk;a rgl kS;sh hgf;a ixia:d.; l< fyda ixia:d.; fkdl< wdh;khka·
^¤⁄& 2000 wxl 43 ork rlaIK lr®udka;h úêu;a ls¯fï mk; hgf;a YS% ,xldj ;=< rlaIK jHdmdr lrf.k hdu i|yd
,shdm†xÑ lrk ,o iud.ï · flfia jqj o fuu rlaIK iud.ï úiska is≥ lrk ishΩ YS% ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr ñ,°
.ekSï úksuh md,l úiska ° we;s wkque;sh m%ldrj tlS rlaIK iud.ï úiska jd◊c nexl=jl mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk
úfYaI úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqula yr ls¯ulska is≥ l< hq;= h·
^¤⁄⁄& wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï" fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï" fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a
.sKqï yd úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqï ysñhka·
^¤⁄⁄⁄&úksuh md,k mkf;a 4 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a uqo,a wud;Hjrhd úiska m;a lrk ,o n,h,;a fjf<∫ka·
^⁄‹& úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska ;ekam;= Ndr .ekSu i|yd wjir,;a n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= iy n,m;%,dNS uQ,H iud.ï·
^‹& YS% ,xldfjka msg; ;u ks;H jdiia:dkh lrf.k we;s njg ikd: l< yels" oaú;aj mqrjeisNdjh iys; YS% ,dxlsl
mqrjeishka'
rcfha ^w;súfYI& .eiÜ m;%hka ys m< lrk ,o 2001 fkdjeïnr® 11 †ke;s wxl 1208$14 ork ksfõokh yd 2008 cQ,s 23 †ke;s
wxl 1559$16 ork ksfõokh fuu.ska wj,x.= flfr®'
à'tï'f–'jhs'mS' m%kdka≥"
úksuh md,l'
2016 udr®;= 11 jeks †k"
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j"
fld<U ° h'

III fldgi - 30 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka( 2016 wxl 05 2016 udr®;= 23

wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<÷ka fj;
ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
úksuh md,k mkf;a 3 jk j.ka;sh m%ldrj" 2016 ckjd˙ 20 †ke;s 2016 wxl 01 ork úOdkhkays ms<sfj,ska 1'3 iy 1'4
f√ohkays ° we;s wkqu; ner ls¯ï iy wkqu; yr ls¯ïj,g wu;rj" my; i|yka wkqu; ner ls¯ï iy wkqu; yr ls¯ïj,g
hg;aj wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï újD; ls¯ug iy mj;ajdf.k hdug" n,h,;a fjf<∫ka fj; fuhska wjir fokq
,efí'
1'3 wkqu; ner ls¯ï (
^T& wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqula yr ls¯fuka uQ,sl wdfhdackh is≥ lr we;akï" úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska
Y%S ,xldj ;=< is≥ lrk ,o wdfhdack j,ska ,nk m%d.aOkh" m%d.aOk ,dN yd fjk;a ,eîï'
^´& úOdkhkays 1'4 f√ofhys ^B& whs;uh m%ldrj ´kEu wruqKla fjkqfjka wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqula yr
ls¯fuka .sKqï ysñhd úiska ,nd.;a úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a j,ska m%fhdackhg fkd.;a úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a'
1'4 wkqu; yr ls¯ï (
^W!& wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqïj, uqo,a Ndú;d lrñka Y%S ,xldj ;=< úfoaY uqo,ska wkqu; ´kEu wdfhdackhla
i|yd uqo,a udre ls¯u'

w;aika lf<a( úksuh md,l

úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka( 2016 wxl 06 2016 udr®;= 23
fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<÷ka fj;
ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
úksuh md,k mkf;a 3 jk j.ka;sh m%ldrj" 2016 ckjd˙ 20 †ke;s 2016 wxl 02 ork úOdkhkays ms<sfj,ska 1'3 iy 1'4
f√ohkays ° we;s wkqu; ner ls¯ï iy wkqu; yr ls¯ïj,g wu;rj" my; i|yka wkqu; ner ls¯ï iy wkqu; yr ls¯ïj,g
hg;aj fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï wdrïN lr mj;ajdf.k hdug" n,h,;a fjf<∫ka yg fuhska wjir fokq ,efí'
1'3 wkqu; ner ls¯ï
^W!& fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqula yr ls¯fuka uQ,sl wdfhdackh is≥ lr we;akï" úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska Y%S ,xldj
;=< is≥ lrk ,o wdfhdack j,ska ,nk m%d.aOkh" m%d.aOk ,dN yd fjk;a ,eîï'
^t& úOdkhkays 1'4 f√ofha ^B& whs;uh m%ldrj ´kEu wruqKla fjkqfjka fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqula yr
ls¯fuka .sKqï ysñhd úiska ,nd.;a úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a j,ska m%fhdackhg fkd.;a úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a'
1'4 wkqu; yr ls¯ï
^W& fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqïj, uqo,a Ndú;d lrñka Y% S ,xldj ;=< úfoaY uqo,ska wkqu; ´kEu wdfhdackhla
i|yd uqo,a udre ls¯u'

w;aika lf<a( úksuh md,l

úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka( 2016 wxl 07 2016 udr®;= 23

fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<÷ka fj;
ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
úksuh md,k mkf;a 3 jk j.ka;sh m%ldrj" 2016 ckjd˙ 20 †ke;s 2016 wxl 03 ork úOdkhkays ms<sfj,ska 1'2 yd 1'3 f√ohkays
° we;s wkqu; ner ls¯ï yd wkqu; yr ls¯ïj,g wu;rj" my; i|yka wkqu; ner ls¯ï iy wkqu; yr ls¯ïj,g hg;aj
fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï wdrïN lr mj;ajdf.k hdug n,h,;a fjf<∫ka yg fuhska wjir fokq ,efí'
1'2 wkqu; ner ls¯ï
^ta& fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqula yr ls¯fuka uQ,sl wdfhdackh is≥ lr we;akï" úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska
Y%S ,xldj ;=< is≥ lrk ,o wdfhdackj,ska ,nk m%d.aOkh" m%d.aOk ,dN yd fjk;a ,eîï
^T& úOdkhkays 1'3 f√ofha whs;u ^wE& m%ldrj" ´kEu wruqKla fjkqfjka fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqula
yr ls¯fuka .sKqï ysñhd úiska ,nd.;a úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a j,ska m%fhdackhg fkd.;a úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a
^´& fiajd kshqla;s ùid n,m;% u; Y%S ,xldfõ /lshdfõ kshq;= úcd;slhkaf.a jegqma yd wfkl=;a m%;s,dN f.ùu i|yd
úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqulska udre lrk ,o uqo,a

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 31

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

1'3 wkqu; yr ls¯ï

^B& 2016'01'20 †ke;s 2016 wxl 03 ork úOdkhkays 1'3 f√ofha ^B& fldgi fjkqjg §fiajd fhdaclhd úiska jeämqr
f.ùula is≥ lr we;s wjia:djl° fyda fiajd fhdaclhdg f.úhhq;= fjk;a ´kEu f.ùulg wod,j" .sKqï ysñhdf.a
fiajd fhdaclhd úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk .sKqulg úOdkhkaf.a 1'2 f√ofha ^we&" ^wE&" ^b& iy ^´& fldgia hgf;a
l<yels ner ls¯ï j,g wod, uqo,a udre ls¯u§ hkak m%;sia:dmkh ls¯u'
^W& fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqfï mj;akd uqo,a fhdod .ksñka Y% S ,xldj ;=<" úfoaY uqo,ska l<yels
wdfhdack fj; uqo,a udre ls¯ï
^W!& tu .sKqï ysñhdf.au iq/l=ïm;a wdfhdack .sKqug lrkq ,nk uqo,a udre ls¯ï'

w;aika lf<a( úksuh md,l

úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka( 2016 wxl 08 2016 udr®;= 23

úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqï iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<÷ka fj;
ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
úksuh md,k mkf;a 3 jk j.ka;sh m%ldrj" 2016 ckjd˙ 20 †ke;s 2016 wxl 04 ork úOdkhkays ms<sfj<ska 1'4 yd 1'5
f√ohkays ° we;s wkqu; ner ls¯ï yd wkqu; yr ls¯ïj,g wu;rj" my; i|yka wkqu; ner ls¯ï yd wkqu; yr ls¯ïj,g
hg;aj úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqï wdrïN lr mj;ajdf.k hdug n,h,;a fjf<∫ka yg fuhska wjir fokq ,efí'
1'4 wkqu; ner ls¯ï
^g& úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqula yr ls¯fuka uQ,sl wdfhdackh is≥ lr we;akï" úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska Y%S ,xldj
;=< is≥ lrk ,o wdfhdackj,ska ,nk m%d.aOkh" m%d.aOk ,dN yd fjk;a ,eîï'
^v& fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY jHydr uqo,a .sKqfuka jegqmg yd wfkl=;a m%;s,dNj,g wod, jeämqr f.ùï ^over payment&
f,i lrk uqo,a udre ls¯ï'
^K& úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqï ysñhd úiska is≥ l< NdKav úl=Kqï fyda ,nd.;a fiajdjla fjkqfjka Y%S ,xldfõ
nexl=jla úiska ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úfoaY uqo,a wKlr
1'5 wkqu; yr ls¯ï
^we& 2016'01'20 †ke;s 2016 wxl 04 ork úOdkhkays 1'5 f√ofha ^we& fldgi fjkqjg §úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqï
ysñhd úiska is≥ l< NdKav ñ,° .ekSulg fyda ,nd.;a fiajhla fjkqfjka fjk;a úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqï
ysñhl=g yd wlafjr< nexl= tallfhys mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk .sKqulg lrkq ,nk f.ùï¶ hkak m%;sia:dmkh ls¯u
^´& úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqfï mj;akd uqo,a fhdod .ksñka Y%S ,xldj ;=<" úfoaY uqo,ska l<yels wdfhdack fj;
uqo,a udre ls¯ï'
^l& fiajd kshqla;s ùid n,m;% u; Y%S ,xldfõ /lshdfõ kshq;= úcd;slhskaf.a jegqma yd wfkl=;a m%;s,dN i|yd fkajdisl
úcd;sl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqug lrkq ,nk uqo,a udre ls¯ï'

w;aika lf<a( úksuh md,l

úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka( 2016 wxl 09 2016 udr®;= 23

n,h,;a fjf<÷ka yd Y%S ,xld ixj¾Ok ne÷ïlr i|yd wkqu; ksfhdað;hska f,i
m;a lrk ,o m%d:ñl fjf<÷ka fj; ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
úksuh md,k mkf;a 3" 5 iy 17 jk j.ka;s m%ldrj" n,h,;a fjf<∫kag yd Y%S ,xld rch ^rch& u.ska ksl=;a lrkq ,nk
Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr ñ,° .ekSu yd wf,ú ls¯u i|yd wkqu; ksfhda‚;hska f,i Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ rdcH Kh wêld¯
^rdcH Kh wêld¯& úiska m;a l< m%d:ñl fjf<∫ka fj; my; m˙† fuhska wjir fokq ,efí'
1'1 Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr w;am;a lr .ekSu" r|jd .ekSu yd mej¯u i|yd we't'c' fvd,r® j,ska my; oelafjk úfYaI
úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï fol n,h,;a fjf<kafol= iu. mj;ajdf.k hdug
^w& my; 2 jk f√ofha i|yka wdfhdacl ldKav u.ska rcfhka iDcqju ñ, ° .kakd Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr i|yd
rchg f.úh hq;= uqo,a ner ls¯u i|yd rch fjkqfjka zY%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr wdfhdack .sKquZ ^SLDBIA& f,i
kï lrk ,o fmd<S ork" we't'c' fvd,r® .sKqula
^wd& rcfhka Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr ñ, ° .ekSug iy my; 2 jeks f√ofha i|yka wdfhdacl ldKav iu. Y%S ,xld
ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr fj<|dï ls¯u i|yd zne∫ïlr wdfhdack i|yd fvd,r® .sKquZ ^DBIA& f,i kï lrk ,o fmd<S
f.ùfï mokfuka mj;ajdf.k hd yels we't'c' fvd,r® .sKqula

III fldgi - 32 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

1'2 wkqu; ksfhda‚;hska jk m%d:ñl fjf<∫ka úiska rcfhka fyda Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr orkafkl=f.ka Y%S ,xld
ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr ñ, ° .ekSug wjYH we't'c' fvd,r® n,h,;a fjf<kafol=f.ka ñ, °  .ekSfï° tu ñ,g .kakd
m%udKh Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr ñ, ° .ekSug wjYH m%udKhg iSud úhhq;= w;r" ñ, ° .;a we't'c' fvd,r® m%udKh Y%S
,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr ñ, ° .ekSug wjYH fkdjkafka kï m%d:ñl fjf<kaod úiska jydu tu úfoaY úksuh n,h,;a
fjf<kafol=g úlsKsh hq;=h'
2' Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlrhkays wdfhdackhg iq≥ilï ,nk wdfhdaclhska ldKav(
^w& 1937 wxl 07 ork ,shdm†xÑ ialkaO yd iq/l=ïm;a wd{dmk; iy 1923 wxl 08 ork foaYSh NdKavd.dr ì,am;a
wd{dmk; hgf;a Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska m;a lrkq ,nk m%d:ñl fjf<∫ka
^wd& Y%S ,xldj ;=< fyda Y%S ,xldfjka msg; fkajdisl úfoaY rdcHhkays mqrjeishka
^we& Y%S ,xldfjka msg; ;u ks;H jdiia:dkh lr.;a Y%S ,dxlsl mqrjeishka
^wE& /lshdjla i|yd fyda jHdmdr lghq;a;la i|yd fyda jD;a;shl kshe,Su i|yd Y%S ,xldfjka neyer f.dia isák Y%S ,dxlsl
mqrjeishka
^b& Y%S ,xldj yer fjk;a rgl kS;sh hgf;a ixia:dms; fyda ixia:dms; fkdl< wdh;khka
^B& 1978 wxl 4 ork Y%S ,xld wdfhdack uKav, mkf;ys 17 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a úksuh md,k mkf;a j.ka;sj,ska mQr®K
jYfhka ksoyia lrñka .súiqulg ne£ we;s iud.ï" ;u wmkhk bmhSï ner ls¯u i|yd muKla mj;ajdf.k hkq
,nk úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï" yr ls¯u u.ska Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr ñ,° .ekSug hg;aj
^t& 2000 wxl 43 ork lr®udka; úêu;a ls¯fï mkf;a úêúOdk hgf;a Y%S ,xldj ;=< rlaIK jHdmdr lrf.k hdu i|yd
,shdm†xÑ lrk ,o iud.ï" ishΩu Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr ñ, ° .ekSï" úksuh md,l úiska ,nd≥ka wkque;sh
hgf;a n,h,;a fjf<∫ka iu. mj;ajdf.k hk úfYaI úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï yr ls¯ug hg;aj
^ta& wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï ^NRFC&" fkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï ^RFC&" fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY
jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï ^RNNFC&" úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqï ^FEEA& ysñhka
^T& úksuh md,k mkf;a 4 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a uqo,a wud;Hjrhd úiska m;a lrk ,o n,h,;a fjf<∫ka
^´& úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska ;ekam;= Ndr .ekSug wjir ,;a n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= yd n,m;%,dNS uQ,H iud.ï
^l& Y%S ,xldfjka msg; ;u ks;H jdiia:dkh lrf.k we;s njg ikd: l<yels oaú;aj mqrjeisNdjh iys; Y%S ,dxlsl
mqrjeishka
3' Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr wdfhdack .sKqu ^SLDBIA&
fuu .sKqfï ner ls¯ï iy yr ls¯ï my; m˙† iSud úhhq;=h'
3'1 ner ls¯ï
^w& rcfhka Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr ñ,° .ekSu i|yd 2 jk f√ofha olajd we;s wdfhdaclhkaf.ka we't'c' fvd,r®j,ska
,o uqo,a
3'2 yr ls¯ï
^w& rdcH Kh wêld¯ úiska fok ,o Wmfoia fj; oeäj wkq.; fjñka by; 2 jk f√ofha i|yka wdfhdaclhska úiska
Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr ñ,° .ekSu fjkqfjka rchg f.jkq ,nk uqo,a i|yd rdcH Kh wêld¯ úiska Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j iu. mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk zrdcH Kh odhl;aj we' t' c' fvd,r® .sKquZg lrk uqo,a udre ls¯u
^wd& by; 2 jeks m˙Éf√ofha olajd we;s wdfhdaclhskag rdcH Kh wêld˙f.a Wmfoia u; wdmiq f.ùï iy fjk;a ´kEu
wruqKla fjkqfjka lrkq ,nk f.ùï i|yd jk uqo,a udre ls¯ï'
4' ne∫ïlr wdfhdack i|yd fvd,r® .sKqu ^DABI&
fuu .sKqfï ner ls¯ï iy yr ls¯ï my; m˙† iSud úh hq;=h'
4'1 ner ls¯ï
^w& Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr ñ,° .ekSfï mrudr®:fhka ,nd.;a fyda fjka lrk ,o we't'c' fvd,r®
^wd& by; 2 jk m˙Éf√ofha olajd we;s wdfhdaclhkaf.ka" Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr wf,ú ls¯fuka ,enqKq uqo,a
^we& Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlrj, uq,a uqo,a wdmiq f.ùï iy fmd<sh jYfhka .sKqï ysñhkag ,enqKq uqo,a
4'2 yr ls¯ï
^w& Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr w;am;a lr .ekSu i|yd rchg lrkq ,nk f.ùï jYfhka rdcH Kh odhl;aj we't'c'
fvd,r® .sKqug lrkq ,nk uqo,a udre ls¯ï'
^wd& .sKqï ysñhd úiska oaú;Shsl fjf<|fmd<ska ñ,° .;a Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr i|yd Y% S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr
úl=Kqïlrejkag lrkq ,nk f.ùï
^we& ne∫ïlr wkqfn°u iy taldnoaO ls¯u jeks ldr®hhka i|yd jQ .dia;= jeks rdcH Kh wêld¯ fj; f.úh hq;= .dia;=
jYfhka rdcH Kh odhl;aj we't'c' fvd,r® .sKqug lrkq ,nk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
^wE& Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr ñ,° .ekSug wjYH m%udKhg wu;rj .sKqï ysñhdf.a .sKqfï mj;sk úfoaY úksuh
n,h,;a fjf<kafol=g úls”u

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 33

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

5' Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr ñ,° .ekSu iy wf,ú ls¯u iïnkaOfhka jk wjYH;d olajñka wkqu; ksfhda‚;hka fj;
ñka fmr ksl=;a lrk ,o 2001 Tlaf;danr® 30 †ke;s wxl 06$04$11$2001 iy 2004 cQ,s 16 †ke;s wxl 06$04$03$2004
úOdkhka fuhska wj,x.= flfr®'
6' 5 jk f√ofha olajd we;s úOdkhka wj,x.= ls¯u u.ska" tu úOdkhka hgf;a tfia wj,x.= ls¯ug mQr®jfhka yg .kakd ,o
j.lSï fyda oKavkhka i|yd jk ysñlï iïnkaOfhka lsis≥ n,mEula is≥ fkdflfr®'

w;aika lf<a( úksuh md,l

YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd§ ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h

w;s úfYI
wxl 1960$66 - 2016 wfm%a,a ui 01 jeks isl=rd∞ - 2016'04'01
^rcfha n,h msg m%isoaO lrk ,°&
1 jeks fldgi ( (I) jeks fPoh - idudkH
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ ksfõok
úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a ±kaùu ^,xld jHjia:dodhl m%{ma;s ix.%yfha 423 jk wêldrh&
úksuh md,k mkf;a 22^4& j.ka;sh hgf;a jk wjirh
úksuh md,k mkf;a 22^3& j.ka;sh iy 22^4& j.ka;sh iuÛ lshefjk tlS mkf;a 44 j.ka;sh hgf;a ud fj; mej¯ we;s n,;, m%ldrj uqo,a
wud;H rù lreKdkdhl jk uu fuu ksfhda.h u.ska(

^⁄& YS% ,xldfjka wmkhkh lrk NdKav i|yd f.ùï ls¯u iïnkaOfhka 1993 udr®;= 26 †ke;s wxl 759$15 ork w;s
úfYaI .eiÜ m;%fhka ,nd ° ;snQ ksoyia ls¯u wj,x.= lrkq ,efí·
^⁄⁄& fuu úOdkfha †kh jk úg YS% ,xldfjka msg; r|jd f.k we;s tjeks ´kEu f.ùula 2016 uehs 01 †kg fmr
YS% ,xldjg /f.k tau wjYH fõ·
^⁄⁄⁄& fuu úOdkfha †kh fyda bka miqj ,efnk tjekss ´kEu f.ùula" NdKav wmkhkh ls¯fï †k isg †k 90 la we;=<;
YS% ,xldjg /f.k tau wjYH fõ'
rù lreKdkdhl"
uqo,a weu;s'
2016 wfm%a,a ui 01 jeks †k"
fld<U"
uqo,a wud;HdxYfha ° h'

úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka( 2016 wxl 10 2016 wfm%a,a 19

Y%S ,xldj ;=< úfoaY rdcH ¥; ld¾hd," rdcH ¥; ks,OdÍka iy Tjqkaf.a mjqf,a
idudðlhka i|yd úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a yd remsh,a .sKqï iïnkaOfhka
n,h,;a fjf<÷ka fj; ksl=;a lrk úOdkhka
úksuh md,k mkf;a 3 jk j.ka;sh m%ldrj my; i|yka úOdkhkag hg;aj rdcH ¥; úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï ^DFA& yd
rdcH ¥; remsh,a .sKqï ^DRA& wdrïN ls¯ug yd mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd n,h,;a fjf<∫ka fj; fuu.ska wjir fokq ,efí'
1'1 .sKqï újD; ls¯u yd mj;ajdf.k hdu
^w& fuu .sKqï cx.u" b;=reï fyda ld,Sk ;ekam;= wdldrfhka foaYSh nexl= tallj, újD; l< yelsh'
^wd& rdcH ¥; remsh,a .sKqu ^DRA& fj; wkqu; yr ls¯ï yd ner ls¯ï fplam;a u.ska is≥ l<yel' tfia jqjo" lsis≥
wjia:djl° .sKqfï yr fYaIhka fkdfmkaúh hq;=h'
^we& rdcH ¥;hkag yd Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj, idud‚lhka yg wjYH úgl° ;j;a iq≥iqlï ,;a mqoa.,fhl= iu. noaO .sKqï
mj;ajd .; yel'
1'2 rdcH ¥; úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqu ^DFA& i|yd ner ls¯ï yd yr ls¯ï my; m˙† fõ'
^w& wkqu; ner ls¯ï
⁄' nexl= moaO;sh yryd úfoaYhkaf.ka ,o wduqL fma%IK
⁄⁄' Y%S ,xld fr®.=jg m%ldYfldg .sKqï ysñhd úiska furgg /f.k wd úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a
⁄⁄⁄' .sKqï ysñhd úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk iq/l=ïm;a wdfhdack .sKqulska ^SIA& is≥ lrk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
⁄¤' rdcH ¥; úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï ^DFA& j,ska is≥ lrkq ,nk uqo,a udre ls¯ï

III fldgi - 34 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

¤' rdcH ¥; remsh,a .sKqï ^DRA& j,ska is≥ lrkq ,nk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
¤⁄' .sKqïysñhd úiska tf;r nexl= tallfhys ^OBU& mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk .sKqïj,ska is≥ lrk uqo,a udre
ls¯ï
¤⁄⁄' wod< rdcH ¥; úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqfï mj;sk wruqo,a i|yd úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska f.jk fmd<sh
^wd& wkqu; yr ls¯ï
⁄' Y%S ,xldfjka msg;g is≥ lrkq ,nk ´kEu m%;suqL fma%IKhka
⁄⁄' .sKqï ysñhdf.a foaYSh úhoï i|yd úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska fyda Y%S ,xld remsh,a j,ska is≥ lrkq ,nk uqo,a
wdmiq ,nd.ekSï
⁄⁄⁄' tu .sKqï ysñhdf.au iq/l=ïm;a wdfhdack .sKqu ^SIA& fj; is≥ lrk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
⁄¤' rdcH ¥; úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï ^DFA& j,g is≥lrk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
¤' rdcH ¥; remsh,a .sKqï ^DRA& j,g is≥ lrk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
¤⁄' .sKqï ysñhd úiska tf;r nexl= tallhkays ^OBU& mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk .sKqïj,g is≥ lrk uqo,a udre
ls¯ï
1'3 rdcH ¥; remsh,a .sKqu ^DRA& i|yd ner ls¯ï yd yr ls¯ï my; m˙† fõ'
^w& wkqu; ner ls¯ï
⁄' Y%S ,xldfõ ´kEu mqoa.,fhl=f.ka .sKqï ysñhdg$ysñhkag ,efnk uqo,a wdmiq f.ùï" m%;smQr®Khka yd
f.ùï
⁄⁄' weuqKqu ˚ ys i|yka ,sms f,aLk b†˙m;a ls¯fuka ;yjqre l< .sKqï ysñhd i;=j ;snQ fudagr® jdyk
úls”fuka Y%S ,xldj ;=<° ,o uqo,a
⁄⁄⁄' .sKqï ysñhd úiskau mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk iq/l=ïm;a wdfhdack .sKqulska ^SIA& is≥ lrk ,o uqo,a udre
ls¯ï
⁄¤' rdcH ¥; úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqïj,ska ^DFA& is≥ lrk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
¤' rdcH ¥; remsh,a .sKqïj,ska ^DRA& is≥ lrk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
¤⁄' rdcH ¥; remsh,a .sKqfï mj;sk wruqo,a i|yd Y% S ,xld remsh,a j,ska f.jkq ,nk fmd<sh
^wd& wkqu; yr ls¯ï
⁄' Y%S ,xld remsh,aj,ska Y%S ,xldj ;=< is≥ lrkq ,nk f.ùï
⁄⁄' ùid .dia;=" kej; f.ùï" m%;smQr®Khka iy .sKqïysñhd i;=j ;snQ fudagr® jdyk úls”fuka ,o uqo,a f,i
Y%S ,xldfjka msg;g lrk foaYm%;Hdjr®;k
⁄⁄⁄' tu .sKqï ysñhdf.au iq/l=ïm;a wdfhdack .sKqu ^SIA& fj; flfrk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
⁄¤' rdcH ¥; úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a .sKqï ^DFA& fj; flfrk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
¤' rdcH ¥; remsh,a .sKqï ^DRA& fj; flfrk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
¤⁄' wod< fr®Çh wud;HdxYh u.ska wkqu; lrk ,o fjk;a ´kEu .kqfokqjla
2' fuu úOdkhkays wNsu;dr®:hka i|yd
⁄' §rdcH ¥; ldr®hd,¶ hkq ;dkdm;s ldr®hd," uy flduid˙ia ldr®hd," fldkai,a ldr®hd," tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ia:sr
ldr®hd, fyda hqfrdamSh fldñifï ksfhda‚; uKav,h
⁄⁄' §rdcH ¥;hka¶ hkq rdcH ¥; ldr®hd, úiska ksfhdackh lrkq ,nk úfoaY rgl mqrjeishka
3' Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaY rdcH ¥; ldr®hd," rdcH ¥;hka iy Tjqkaf.a mjqf,a idud‚lhka i|yd úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a yd remsh,a
.sKqï kñka ñka fmr ksl=;a lrk ,o 2010 fkdjeïnr® 22 †ke;s úOdk wxl 06$04$11$2010 ork iy 2014 foieïnr® 02
†ke;s úOdk wxl 06$04$014$0005$001 ork fufyhqï Wmfoia wj,x.= l< nj fuhska okajd isáñ'

w;aika lf<a( úksuh md,l

weuqKqu ˚
1' úl=Kqïlref.a kug ,shdm†xÑ jQ fudagr® jdykhl" ,shdm†xÑ iy;slfha iy;sl l< msgm;la
2' fudagr® jdykfha ysñlu fjkiaùfï m%ldYh - fudagr® jdykfha ysñlu .eKqïlreg udre jQ njg f,aLkuh idlaIsh
3' .eKqïlre úiska ksl=;a l< fudagr® jdykfha jákdlu ;yjqre ls¯fï ,smsh
4' uqo,a wud;HdxYfhka ,nd.;a ;Sren≥ ;lafiare jdr®;djla
5' fudagr® jdykfha ysñlï mej¯u iïnkaOfhka wod, wud;HdxYfhka ,nd.;a wjir ,smsh
6' Y%S ,xld fr®.=fjka .Kkh lrk ,o fr®.= n≥ iy wfkl=;a f.ùï
7' Y%S ,xld fr®.=fõ NdKav m%ldYh
8' Y%S ,xld fr®.=fõ ;lafiare oekaùu

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 35

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

2016 wxl 11 ork yd †ke;s úOdkhka( 2016 wxl 11 2016 uehs 16

wfkajdisl wdjD; .sKqï iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<÷ka fj;
ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
úksuh md,k mkf;a 3 jk j.ka;sh m%ldrj" wfkajdisl wdjD; .sKqï u; n, meje;afjk 2008 cQ,s 02 †ke;s wxl 06$04$07$2008
ork iy 2011 wf.daia;= 18 †ke;s wxl 06$04$05$2011 ork úOdkhka u.ska m%odkh lr we;s wjirhkag wu;rj wfkajdisl
wdjD; .sKqï i|yd 2013 cqks 12 g fmr úfoaY rgl ia:sr m†xÑh ,nd.;a ú.dñlhska úiska 2013 cqks ui 12 †kg miqj lrkq
,nk ;ekam;=j,ska my; i|yka yr ls¯ï wdjD; .sKqï j,ska is≥ ls¯u i|yd fuu úOdkh ksl=;a l< †k isg n,meje;afjk
m˙† n,h,;a fjf<∫ka fj; wjir fokq ,efí'
^w& wr®:idOl wruqo,a iy md˙f;daIsl °ukd we;=Ω úY%dñl md˙f;daIsl m%;s,dN
^wd& fmd<S" ,dNdxY" úY%du jegqma" l=,S wdodhï" l,a n≥ iy ,dN we;=Ω jr®;k wdodhï

w;aika lf<a( úksuh md,l

úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka( 2016 wxl 12 2016 uehs 16

ú.dñlhkag úfoaY úksuh úlsŒu iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<÷ka fj;
ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
úksuh md,k mkf;ys 3 jk j.ka;sh m%ldrj" 2016 uehs 16 †ke;s 2016 wxl 11 ork úOdkhg wkqj 2013 cqks 12 g fmr fjk;a
rgl ia:sr m†xÑh ,nd.;a ú.dñlhska yg wfkajdisl wdjD; .sKqï ^NRBA& yryd 2013 cqks 12 g miq Y% S ,xldj ;=,° Wmhk ,o
my; i|yka wdodhï Y%S ,xldfjka msg;g fma%IKh ls¯u i|yd n,h,;a fjf<∫kag fuhska wjir fokq ,efí'
^w& wr®:idOl wruqo,a yd md˙f;daIsl °ukd we;=Ω úY%dñl md˙f;daIsl m%;s,dN
^wd& fmd<S" ,dNdxY" úY%du jegqma" l=,S wdodhï" l,a n≥ iy ,dN we;=Ω jr®;k wdodhï
2' ta wkqj" ú.dñlhska úiska 2013 cqks 12 g miqj Wmhk ,o by; wdodhï" 2008 cq,s 02 †ke;s wxl 06$04$08$2008 ork
úOdkfha ^i& yd ^ii& f√ohkays i|yka lr we;s we't'c' fvd,r® 150"000 lg iudk Wm˙u fma%IK jákdlug we;=,;a fkdjkq
we;'
w;aika lf<a( úksuh md,l

úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka ( 2016 wxl 13 2016 uehs 16

ú.dñlhskag úfoaY úksuh úlsŒu iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<÷ka fj;
ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
úksuh md,k mkf;ys 3 jk j.ka;sh m%ldrj" §ú.dñlhskag úfoaY úksuh úls”u§iïnkaOfhka 2013 cqks 12 jk †k ksl=;a
l< wxl 06$04$15$2013 ork úOdkfhys 12 jk f√oh my; wdldrhg ixfYdaOkh lr we;s nj n,h,;a fjf<∫ka yg fuhska
oekqï fokq ,efí'
12' ^we& Y%S ,xldj ;=< wdfhdack ls¯u i|yd .sKqï ysñhdf.a" iq/l=ïm;a wdfhdack .sKqu ^SIA&

w;aika lf<a( úksuh md,l

úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka( 2016 wxl 14 2016 cQks 07

úfoaYSh jdKsc Kh .ekSfï .sKqu iïnkaOfhka n,h,;a fjf<÷ka fj;
ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
úksuh md,k mkf;a 3 jk j.ka;sh m%ldrj" Y%S ,xldfjka msg; fkajdisl mqoa.,fhl=f.ka" 2016 cqks 07 †ke;s wxl 1970$8
ork .eiÜ ksfõokfhka wjir ° we;s m˙†" úfoaYSh jdKsc Kh .ekSfï fhdackd l%uh hgf;a Kh ,nd .ekSug iq≥iqlï ,;a
^iq≥iqlï,;a Kh .eKqïlrejka& Y%S ,xldfõ ixia:dms; lrk ,o iud.ï kñka ^n,m;%,dNS jdKsc nexl=" n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs;
nexl=" n,m;%,dNS uQ,H iud.ï" úfYaIs; l,an≥ iud.ï" wemfhka iSñ; iud.ï iy wlafjr< iud.ï yer& ´kEu wkqu;
úfoaY jHjydr uqo,lska úfoaYSh jdKsc Kh .ekSfï .sKqï wdrïN ls¯ug" mj;ajdf.k hdug iy fufyhùug by; .eiÜ
ksfõokfhys kshuhka iy fldkafoais iy my; fldkafoaisj,g hg;aj" n,h,;a fjf<∫ka fj; fuhska wjir fokq ,efí'
1'1 iq≥iqlï,;a Kh .eKqïlrefjla" úfoaYSh jdKsc Kh .ekSfï fhdackd l%uh hgf;a ,nd .kakd tla tla Kh myiqlulg
wod,j tla úfoaY jdKsc Kh .ekSfï .sKqula ne.ska muKla n,h,;a fjf<kaod úiska mj;ajdf.k hd hq;=h' fï i|yd
m%ldYhla n,h,;a fjf<∫ka úiska .sKqu wdrïN lrk wjia:dfõ° Kh .eKqï lrejdf.ka ,nd.; hq;=h'
1'2 úfoaYSh jdKsc Kh .ekSfï .sKqula újD; ls¯ug m%:ufhka" iq≥iqlï,;a Kh .eKqïlref.a wOHlaIjrfhl= úiska iy;sl
lrk ,o Kh .súiqfï iy Kh mshùfï f,aLkhkays msgm;a n,h,;a fjf<kaod úiska ,nd.; hq;=h'

III fldgi - 36 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

1'3 tla tla Kh ,nd .ekSug wod< ,sÅ; ,shú,s n,h,;a fjf<kaod úiska ,nd.; hq;= w;r" tu f;dr;=re oDv fyda uD≥
udOHfhka mj;ajdf.k hd hq;=h' wod< f;dr;=re mj;ajdf.k hdfï ld,iSudj kS;Hdkql+,j f;dr;=re mj;ajdf.k hdfï
wjYH;djkag iSud fkdúh hq;=h'
1'4 wkqu; ner ls¯ï
^w& nexl= moaO;sh yryd úfoaYhlska ,efnk wduqL fma%IK" iq/l=ïm;a wdfhdack .sKqulska ^SIA& fyda Kh fokakd úiska
wlafjr< nexl= tallhl mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk .sKqulska" udre lrk ,o uqo,a f,i úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska ,efnk
Kh uqo,a
^wd& úfoaY úksuh Wmhkakkaf.a .sKqulska ^FEEA&" m%;suqL wdfhdack .sKqulska ^OIA& fyda .sKqï ysñhd úiska wlafjr<
nexl= tallfha mj;ajdf.k hk .sKqulska Kh wdmiq f.ùfï wruqKska lrk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
^we& Kh wdmiq f.ùu i|yd úfoaY jHjydr uqo,aj,g m˙jr®;kh lrk ,o remsh,a
^wE& .sKqfï nerg we;s uqo,a i|yd ,efnk fmd<sh" we;af;a kï
1'5 wkqu; yr ls¯ï
^w& Y%S ,xldfjka msg; mj;ajdf.k hk .sKqulg" iq/l=ïm;a wdfhdack .sKqulg fyda wlafjr< nexl= tallfha Kh
fokakd úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk .sKqulg" Kh .súiqfï wdmiq f.ùfï kshuhkag wkqj" Kh wdmiq f.ùu i|yd
flfrk uqo,a udre ls¯ï
^wd& Khg wod<j f.úh hq;= nexl= wh ls¯ï" .dia;=" fldñia wd†h'
^we& by; 1'4 ^w& fldgi hgf;a flfrk wduqL fma%IKhkaf.ka" .sKqï ysñhd úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk wfkl=;a
.sKqïj,g ner ls¯u i|yd lrk udre ls¯ï
1'6 n,h,;a fjf<kaod úiska" Kh .eKqïlrejd úiska wod, Kh uqo, iïmQr®Kfhka f.jd ksu l< úg wod, úfoaY jdKsc
Kh .ekSfï .sKqu jid oeñh hq;= w;r th t<fUk udifha 15 jk †kg fmr úksuh md,l fj; oekqï †h hq;=h'
1'7 udisl jdr®;d ls¯ï
^w& n,h,;a fjf<∫ka úiska my; f;dr;=re iy jdr®;djka" úksuh md,k fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; t<fUk udifha 15 jk
†k fyda Bg m%:u ecdm@cbsl.lk hk úoHq;a ,smskh yryd b†˙m;a ls¯u wjYH flfr®' Y+kH jdr®;d b†˙m;a ls¯u wjYH
fkdfõ'
⁄' weuqKqu ˚ys we;s wdlD;shg wkqj" úfoaYSh jdKsc Kh .ekSfï .sKqulg ner ù we;s Kh ,eîï ms<sn|
f;dr;=re
⁄⁄' weuqKqu ˚˚ys we;s wdlD;shg wkqj Kh uqof,a ;;a;ajh ms<sn| jdr®;djla
^wd& by; jdr®;d iemhSu i|yd" wod, f;dr;=re nexl=j, .sKqï fmd;aj,ska W;amdokh$Wmqgd .ekSu msKsi n,h,;a
fjf<∫ka úiska nexl=j ;=, ksis moaO;shla l%shd;aul ls¯u wjYH flfr®'

w;aika lf<a( úksuh md,l

weuqKqu ˚
n,h,;a fjf<kaodf.a ku(
úfoaYSh jd◊c Kh .sKqu iïnkaO jdr®;dj ( ^udih$jr®Ih&
úfoaYSh jd◊c Kh Kh Kh ms<sn| f;dr;=re
.sKqï ysñhdf.a fokakdf.a
f;dr;=re f;dr;=re

ku ,smskh .sKqï ku rg wruqK uqo,a uqo,a uqo, ld,iSudj iyk fmd<S fjk;a iq/l=ï kej;
wxlh ,enqKq jr®.h ld,iSudj wkqmd;h .dia;= f.ùfï
†kh fldkafoais

by; f;dr;=re ksjer† njg wms iy;sl lruq'

n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a ku n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a ku
;k;=r ;k;=r
w;aik w;aik
†kh †kh

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 37

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

weuqKqu ˚˚
n,h,;a fjf<kaodf.a ku(
úfoaYSh jd◊c Kh .sKqu ms<sn`o jdr®;dj ( udih i|yd
úfoaYSh jd◊c Kh .sKqï úfoaYSh jd◊c Kh .sKqug ner lrk Kh ,eîï Kh wdmiq f.ùï
ysñhdf.a f;dr;=re

ku .sKqï wxlh uqo,a jr®.h wduqL fm%aIK uqo,a udre ls¯ï Kh uqo, fmd<sh wh ls¯ï .dia;=
$ fldñia
iq/l=ïm;a wlafjr<
wdfhdack nexl=
.sKqfuka .sKqfuka

by; f;dr;=re ksjer† njg wms iy;sl lruq'

n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a ku n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a ku
;k;=r ;k;=r
w;aik w;aik
†kh †kh

YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd§ ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h

w;s úfYI
wxl 1970$8 - 2016 cqks ui 07 jeks wÛyrejd∞ - 2016'06'07
^rcfha n,h msg m%isoaO lrk ,°&
1 jeks fldgi ( (I) jeks fPoh - idudkH
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ ksfõok
úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a ±kaùu ^,xld jHjia:dodhl m%{ma;s ix.%yfha 423 jk wêldrh&

úfoaYSh jd◊Ksc Kh .ekSfï fhdackd l%uh

úksuh md,k mkf;a 03 iy 48 jk j.ka;s iuÛ lshefjk tlS mkf;a 5 iy 7 jk j.ka;s j,g wkqj 2007 wxl 07 ork iud.ï mk; hgf;a
ixia:dms; iud.ulg úfoaYSh jd◊c Kh .ekSfï fhdackd l%uh hgf;a my; i|yka fldkafoaisj,g hg;aj YS% ,xldfjka msg; fkajdisl
mqoa.,fhl=f.ka Kh ,nd .ekSu i|yd fuhska wjir m%∞kh lrkq ,efí'

1' n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=" n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=" n,m;%,dNS uQ,H iud.ï" úfYaIs; l,an≥ iud.ï" wemfhka iSñ;
iud.ï iy wlafjr< iud.ï yer wfkl=;a ishΩu iud.ï i|yd fuu wjirh w∞, fõ'
2' Kh .ekqïlrejd úiska Kh ,nd .kakd úfoaY jHjydr uqo,skau úfoaY úksuh bmehSï we;s nj ikd: fkdfõ kï"
tlS Kh .ekqïlrejd úiska YS% ,xldfõ ´kE u n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jla iuÛ we;s lr.;a fhda.H fy‚ka WmlrK
yryd úksuh wjodku wju l< hq;=h'
3' Kh uqo, f.jd ksu ls¯ug wfmalaIs; ld,h wju jYfhka jir 3 la úh hq;=h'
4' ,nd.kakd Wm˙u Kh m%udKh" wju jYfhka wdkak;u mQr®j jr®I 3 l ú.Kkh lrk ,o uQ,H jdr®;d mokï
lrf.k Kh uqo, f.ùug iud.ug we;s yelshdj iy jHdmdr ie,iqï u; ;SrKh úh hq;=h'
5' YS% ,xldfõ ±kg mj;sk fjf<|fmd< fmd<S wkqmd;sl iuÛ ii|k úg Kh uqo, ,nd.kakd fmd<S wkqmd;slh
;r`.ld¯ yd jdisodhl úh hq;=h'
6' Kh .ekqïlrejd úiska YS% ,xldfõ n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jl ´kE u wkqu; úfoaY jHjydr uqo,lska mj;ajdf.k
hkq ,nk úfoaYSh jd◊c Kh .ekqï .sKqula yryd ishΩu Kh uqo,a iy Bg w∞, f.ùï is≥ l< hq;=h'

à'tï'f–'jhs'mS' m%kdka≥"
úksuh md,l'
2016 cqks ui 07 jeks †k"
fld<U"
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ ° h'

III fldgi - 38 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd§ ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h

w;s úfYI
wxl 1970$49 - 2016 cqks ui 10 jeks isl=rd∞ - 2016'06'10
^rcfha n,h msg m%isoaO lrk ,°&
1 jeks fldgi ( (I) jeks fPoh - idudkH
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ ksfõok
úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a ±kaùu ^,xld jHjia:dodhl m%{ma;s ix.%yfha 423 jk wêldrh&
úksuh md,k mkf;a 7" 10" 11" 15 iy 30^5& j.ka;s hgf;a wjirh
2011 foieïnr® ui 20 †ke;s wxl 1737$9 ork rcfha .eiÜ m;%fha m< lrk ,o ±kaùfuka wjika jrg ixfYdaOkh lrk
,o 2002 wfm%a,a 19 †ke;s wxl 1232$14" 2002 wf.daia;= 08 †ke;s wxl 1248$19" 2010 foieïnr® 21 †ke;s wxl 1685$2 ork rcfha
.eiÜ m;%hkaf.ka úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a m< lrk ,o ±kaùïys 2 jeks f√oh ;j≥rg;a my; wdldrfhka ixfYdaOkh
lrkq ,efí'
⁄' whs;u ^⁄& tkï §ixfYdaOkh lrk ,o 1981 wxl 36 ork iq/l=ïm;a yd úksuh fldñIka iNd mkf;a 19^A& j.ka;shg
wkql+,j wdka;sl iemhqïlrejl= f,i ,shdm†xÑ jQ iud.ula úiska wdfhdaclhska yg ,ehsia;=.; iud.ul iq/l=ïm;a
ñ,° .ekSu i|yd Kh ,nd°fï jHdmdrh yer wksl=;a uqo,a Kh °ï¶ fuu.ska bj;a lrkq ,efí'
⁄⁄' whs;u ^¤& tkï §wdrlaIl l<ukdlrKh" ;lafiarelrKh iy ;ks mqoa.,hkag fyda fm!oa.,sl wdh;khkag
WmfoaYk iemhSu we;=Ω wdrlaIl fiajd iemhSu¶ fuu.ska bj;a lrkq ,efí'
⁄⁄⁄' whs;u ^⁄⁄& hgf;a ±lafjk §Wlig nvq .ekSu¶ whs;u ^⁄& f,i kej; wxlkh flfr®'
⁄¤' whs;u ^⁄⁄⁄& hgf;a ±lafjk §wefu˙lka fvd,r® oi ,laIhlg wvq m%d.aOkhla we;sj is,a,r fjf<πu¶ whs;u ^⁄⁄&
f,i kej; wxlkh flfr®'
¤' whs;u ^⁄¤& hgf;a ±lafjk §fjr<nv ëjr lghq;=¶ whs;u ^⁄⁄⁄& f,i kej; wxlkh flfr®'

à'tï'f–'jhs'mS' m%kdka≥"
úksuh md,l'
2016 cqks ui 10 jeks †k"
fld<U"
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ ° h'

YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd§ ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h

w;s úfYI
wxl 1970$50 - 2016 cqks ui 10 jeks isl=rd∞ - 2016'06'10
^rcfha n,h msg m%isoaO lrk ,°&
1 jeks fldgi ( (I) jeks fPoh - idudkH
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ ksfõok
úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a ±kaùu ^,xld jHjia:dodhl m%{ma;s ix.%yfha 423 jk wêldrh&
2010 fkdjeïnr® 22 †ke;s wxl 1681$10 ork .eiÜ m;%fha úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a m< lrk ,o ±kaùu my; wdldrfhka ixfYdaOkh
flfr®(

⁄' Wmf,aLkh I ys i|yka whs;u ^‹⁄& tkï §wdrlaIl l<ukdlrKh" ;lafiarelrKh iy ;ks mqoa.,hkag fyda
fm!oa.,sl wdh;khkag WmfoaYk iemhSu we;=Ω wdrlaIl fiajd iemhSu¶ fuu.ska bj;a lrkq ,efí'

à'tï'f–'jhs'mS' m%kdka≥"
úksuh md,l'
2016 cqks ui 10 jeks †k"
fld<U"
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ ° h'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 39

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka( 2016 wxl 15 2016 wf.daia;= 05

n,h,;a fjf<÷ka yd Y%S ,xld ixj¾Ok ne÷ïlr i|yd wkqu; ksfhdað;hska
f,i m;a lrk ,o m%d:ñl fjf<÷ka fj; ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
úksuh md,k mkf;a 3" 5 iy 17 j.ka;s m%ldrj" n,h,;a fjf<∫kag yd Y% S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr i|yd wkqu; ksfhda‚;hka
f,i m;a lrk ,o m%d:ñl fjf<∫ka fj; ksl=;a lrk ,o 2016 udr®;= 23 †ke;s 2016 wxl 09 ork úOdkfha 3'2^w&" 4'2^w& iy
4'2^we& f√ohka fjkqjg my; oE m%;sia:dmkh flfr®'
3'2 yr ls¯ï
^w& by; 2 f√ofha i|yka lr we;s wdfhdaclhka úiska Y%S  ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr ñ,° .ekSu fjkqfjka rchg lrkq
,nk f.ùu jYfhka" rdcH Kh wêld¯ úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o wr®mK ,shú,af,ys$pl%f,aLfhys ° we;s Wmfoiaj,g
wkql+,j uqo,a udre ls¯ï
4'2 yr ls¯ï
^w& Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr w;am;a lr .ekSu fjkqfjka rchg lrkq ,nk f.ùï jYfhka" rdcH Kh wêld¯ úiska
ksl=;a lrk ,o wr®mK ,shú,af,ys$pfl%,aLfhys ° we;s Wmfoiaj,g wkql+,j uqo,a udre ls¯ï
^wd& ne∫ïlr wkqfn°u iy taldnoaO ls¯ï i|yd f.jkq ,nk .dia;= jeks rdcH Kh wêld¯ fj; f.úh hq;= fjk;a ´kEu
f.ùula f,i" rdcH Kh wêld¯ úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o wr®mK ,shú,af,ys$pl%f,aLfhys ° we;s Wmfoiaj,g wkql+,j
uqo,a udre ls¯ï

w;aika lf<a( úksuh md,l

úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a úOdkhka( 2016 wxl 16 2016 wf.daia;= 11

iS$i ,xld keõ iud.fï wdkhksl keõ NdKav fjka lsÍu i|yd
n,m;%,dNS fjf<÷ka fj; ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdkhka
úksuh md,k mkf;a 3 j.ka;sh m%ldrj" 2005'07'19 †ke;s fhduq wxl 06$04$025$0001$001 ork pl%f,aLh ^weuqKqu I& yd
2016'02'18 †ke;s rdcH uQ,H pl%f,aL wxl 03 ^weuqKu
q II& ys wka;r®.;hg oeä f,i wkq.;j lghq;= lrk f,i n,h,;a
fjf<∫ka fj; fuhska oekqï fokq ,efí'
w;aika lf<a( úksuh md,l
weuqKqu 1
uf.a wxlh( 06$04$025$001$001 úksuh md,k fomdr®;fïka;=j
2005'07'19
Tfí wxlh(
m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯ka
YS% ,xldj ;=< ls%hd;aul jk ishΩu n,h,;a fjf<∫ka
uy;auhdfKks"
keõ NdKav wdkhkh lsÍu ,xld keõ ixia:d uKav,h (CSCL) i|yd fjkalr §u
rcfha keõ NdKav wdkhk fjka ls¯fï fhdackd l%uh ;j≥rg;a ls%hd;aul ls¯fï wud;H uKav, ;SrKhg wkqj" uyd
NdKavd.drfha ksfhdacH f,alï úiska ishΩu n,h,;a fjf<`≥ka ±kqj;a ls¯u iïnkaOfhka wm fj; lrk ,o b,a,Sug
wkqj" keõ u.ska úfoaY rgj,ays isg NdKav wdkhkh lrkq ,nk wud;HdxY" fomdr®;fïka;=" ixia:d" rch i;= iud.ï" m<d;a
iNdjkays m%Odk f,alïjreka" úfoaY wdOdr ,nk jHdmD;s we;=Ω m%dfoaYSh wêld¯kays m%OdkSka jeks ishΩu rcfha wdh;k
úiska Khjr ,smshla újD; ls¯u i|yd b†˙m;a lrk ,o ,shú,s fyda fjk;a wdkhk f.ùulg w∞< ,shú,s iu`." ,xld keõ
ixia:d uKav,fha fk!Ndr l<ukdlrejl= úiska w;aika lrk ,o w;aye¯fï ,shú,a,la b†˙m;a l< kef;d;a keõ NdKav
wjYHfhka u ,xld keõ ixia:d uKav,h úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o fk!Ndrm;la hgf;a f.fkk njg .súi fkdf.k" tu
n,h,;a fjf<∫ka úiska Khjr ,sms újD; fkdl< hq;=h'
^fï iïnkaOfhka uyd NdKavd.drfha ksfhdacH f,alï úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o pl%f,aLfhys msgm;la fuys wuqKd we;'&
fuhg úYajdiS"
úksuh md,l
msgm;a( wêm;s
ksfhdacH wêm;sjreka
iyldr wêm;sjreka
wOHlaI" wdr®:ßl mr®fhaIK
wOHlaI" nexl= wëlaIK
wOHlaI" cd;Hka;r fufyhqï

III fldgi - 40 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

weuqKqu II
rdcH uQ,H fomdr®;fïka;=j
uf.a wxlh( PFD/RED/CIR/2016/02 uyd NdKavd.drh"
rdcH uqo,a pl%f,aL ,sms wxl( 03 uqo,a wud;HdxYh"
fld<U-01"
YS% ,xldj
†kh( 2016'02'18
ishΩu wud;HdxY f,alïjreka"
m<d;a iNd m%Odk f,alïjreka
fomdr®;fïka;= m%OdkSka
rdcH ixia:dj," jHjia:dms; uKav,j, yd rchg wh;a iud.ïj, iNdm;sjreka"
m<d;a md,k wdh;kj, m%OdkSka yd jHdmD;s wOHlaIjreka
iy uy nexl=fõ wêm;s fj;
keõ NdKav wdkhkh lsÍu ,xld keõ ixia:d uKav,h (CSCL) i|yd fjkalr §u
Wla; lreKg w∞, jk 2005'05'06 †ke;s rdcH uqo,a pl%f,aL 415 flfrys Tnf.a wjOdkh fhduq lrjkq ,efí'
1' NdKav wdkhkh ls¯fï lghq;=j,° rdcH uqo,a pl%f,aL 415 ys úêúOdk wkq.ukh l< hq;= nj 2016'01'13 †k meje;s
wud;H uKav, /iaùfï ° ;SrKh lr we;' tneúka" keõ u.ska NdKav wdkhkh lrkq ,nk wud;HdxY" fomdr®;fïka;="
ixia:d" úfoaY wdOdr ,nk jHdmD;s we;=Ω jHjia:dms; uKav, yd rch i;= iud.ï jeks ishΩu rcfha wdh;k úiska by;
rdcH uqo,a pl%f,aLfha úêúOdk ;rfha wkq.ukh lrñka keõ u.ska NdKav wdkhk lghq;= is≥ ls¯u wksjdr®hh fõ'
2' 2005'05'06 †ke;s wxl 415 ork rdcH uqo,a pl%f,aLfha 7 jk f√oh m%ldrj keõ u.ska NdKav wdkhkh ls¯fï lghq;=
iïnkaOfhka ksl=;a lr we;s 2005'05'06 †ke;s rdcH uqo,a pl%f,aL wxl 415 y ta i|yd w∞, wfkl=;a pl%f,aLj, i|yka
fr.=,dis ls%hd;aul ls¯u i|yd ishΩu jd◊c nexl=j, ±ä wjOdkh fhduq lrùug kj Wmfoia ksl=;a lrk f,i" uy
nexl= wêm;sjrhd fj;ska fuu.ska b,a,d isákq ,efí'
w;a' lf<a( mS w,a.u
rdcH uqo,a wOHCI ckrd,a
msgm;( ú.Kldêm;s
* ie'hq'( 2005'05'06 †ke;s rdcH uqo,a pl%f,aL 415 ys isxy, m˙jr®;kh m%ldYhg m;alr fkdue;s nj i,lkak'

YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd§ ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h

w;s úfYI
wxl 1986$42 - 2016 iema;eïnr® ui 29 jeks n%yiam;ska∞ - 2016'09'29
^rcfha n,h msg m%isoaO lrk ,°&
1 jeks fldgi ( (I) jeks fPoh - idudkH
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ ksfõok
úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a ±kaùu ^,xld jHjia:dodhl m%{ma;s ix.%yfha 423 jk wêldrh&
úksuh md,k mkf;a 22^4& j.ka;sh m%ldrj jQ wjirh
úksuh md,k mkf;a 22^3& j.ka;sh iu. lshefjk tlS mkf;a 44 j.ka;sh hgf;a ud fj; mej¯ we;s n,;, m%ldrj" uqo,a wud;H" rù
lreKdkdhl jk uu fuu ksfhda.h u.ska 2016 wfm%a,a 01 †ke;s wxl 1960$66 ork rcfha w;s úfYI .eiÜ m;%h wj,x.= lrñ'

rù lreKdkdhl"
uqo,a weu;s'
2016 iema;eïnr® ui 29 jeks †k"
fld<U"
uqo,a wud;HdxYfha ° h'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 41

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;s%l iudcjd§ ckrcfha .eiÜ m;%h

w;s úfYI
wxl 1986$43 - 2016 iema;eïnr® ui 29 jeks n%yiam;ska∞ - 2016'09'29
^rcfha n,h msg m%isoaO lrk ,°&
1 jeks fldgi ( (I) jeks fPoh - idudkH
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ ksfõok
úksuh md,k mk; hgf;a ±kaùu ^,xld jHjia:dodhl m%{ma;s ix.%yfha 423 jk wêldrh&
úksuh md,k mkf;a 22^4& j.ka;sh m%ldrj jQ wjirh
úksuh md,k mkf;a 3 j.ka;sh iuÛ lshefjk tlS mkf;a 22^4& j.ka;sh hgf;a" 2016 wf.daia;= 01 isg n,meje;afjk m˙†(
1' NdKav wmkhkh fjkqfjka ,o wd∞hï" tu wmkhkh ls¯fï †k isg †k 120 la we;=<; YS% ,xldjg /f.k wd hq;= nj;a ·
2' †k 120 iïmQr®K ls¯fïk wk;=rej" fuu ksfhda.h W,a,x>Kh ls¯ula iïnkaOfhka ls%hdudr®. wdrauN ls¯ug m%:ufhka
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska †k 30 l iyk ld,hla ,nd †h yels nj;a ·
3' iEu wmkhkhlg u w∞, f,aLk.; idlaIs" f.ùu ,nd .kakd n,h,;a fjf<kaπ fyda fjk;a wjir,;a wdh;khla
fj; b†˙m;a l< hq;= nj;a ·
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1' fï ¯;s 2016 wxl 1 ork uQ,H wdh;k ^.kqfokqlrejka ms<sn| ksis Woafhda.fhka l%shd ls¯fï& ¯;s hkqfjka y∫kajkq
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2' fï ¯;s ^fuys ñka u;= §mk;¶ hkqfjka i|yka lrkq ,nk& 2006 wxl 6 ork uqo,a .kqfokq jdr®;d ls¯fï mkf;a úêúOdk
w∞< jk ^fuys ñka u;= §uQ,H wdh;kh¶ hkqfjka i|yka lrkq ,nk& uQ,H jHdmdrfha kshe,S isák wdh;kj,g w∞<
úh hq;= h'
3' iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiskau" ;u .Kqfokqlrejka fj;ska fhduqjk uqo,a úY=oaêlrK wj∞kï iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka
uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞kï y∫kd.ekSfï" ;lafiare ls¯fï yd l<ukdlrKh ls¯fï ldr®hh i|yd wj∞ku u; mokï jQ
msúiqu u; msysgd" ^fuys ñka u;= §ksis Woafhda.h¶ hkqfjka i|yka lrkq ,nk& fkdlvjd .Kqfokqlrejka ms<sn| ksis
Woafhda.fhka l%shd ls¯u u.ska" fï ¯;sj, ksYaÑ;j i|yka lrkq ,nk mshjr .kq ,eìh hq;=h'

III fldgi - 42 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

1 jk fldgi
uqo,a úY=oaêlrK wj∞ku iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞ku l<ukdlrKh ls¯u
ish`M uQ,H wdh;k i|yd

4' wj∞ku l<ukdlrKh ls¯fï lr®;jHj, ;Sj%nj iy mD:q, nj §wj∞ku u; mokï jQ msúiqug¶ wkql+, úh hq;= w;r
uQ,H wdh;kfhys l%shdldrlï iy uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSu ms<sn| uQ,H wdh;kfha
wj∞kï igyka me;slvj, iajNdjh" ;;a;ajh iy ixlSr®K njg iudkqmd;sl úh hq;= h'
5' iEu uQ,H wdh;khla u tys .Kqfokqlrejkag" rgj,g fyda N+f.da,Sh m%foaYj,g" ksIamdokj,g" fiajdj,g" .Kqfokqj,g
iy fn∞ye¯fï udr®.j,g w∞<j tys uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSu ms<sn| wj∞kï y∫kd
.ekSug" ;lafiare ls¯ug iy l<ukdlrKh ls¯ug iq≥iq mshjr .; hq;=h'
6' iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh wj∞ku iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞kï ;lafiare
ls¯fï ° my; ±lafjk l%shdj,s wkq.ukh lrkq ,eìh hq;=h(-
^⁄& iajlSh wj∞kï ;lafiare ls¯ï iy wkdjrKh ls¯ï f,aLk.; ls¯u·
^⁄⁄& iuia; wj∞kï uÜgu iy w∞< jk wj∞kï uÜgu o iy wj∞ku wju ls¯fï iajNdjh o ;SrKh ls¯ug
fmrd;=j" ishÆ w∞< wj∞kï idOl ie,ls,a,g .ekSu·
^⁄⁄⁄& j˙ka jr is≥ lrk iudf,dapk u.ska hdj;ald,Sk ;lafiare ls¯ula mj;ajdf.k hdu· iy
^⁄¤& wëlaIK wêld˙h fj; wj∞kï ;lafiare ls¯fï f;dr;=re iemhSu i|yd fhda.H hdka;%K mj;ajdf.k hdu'
7' iEu uQ,H wdh;khla fj; u my; i|yka lreKq we;=<;a j fhda.H wj∞kï md,kh ls¯fï iy wju ls¯fï l%ufõo
;sìh hq;= h(-
^⁄& y∫kdf.k we;s uqo,a úY=oaêlrK wj∞ku iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞ku l<ukdlrKh ls¯u
iy wju ls¯u i|yd wjYH wNHka;r m%;sm;a;s" md,kh ls¯ï iy ldr®h mámdá mj;ajdf.k hdu·
^⁄⁄& tu m%;sm;a;s" md,kh ls¯ï iy ldr®h mámdá l%shd;aul lrk wdldrh" kshdukh ls¯u iy wjYH fõ kï tajd
m%jr®Okh ls¯u· iy
^⁄⁄⁄& wj∞ku u; mokï jQ msúiqu u; msysgd wj∞kï l<ukdlrKh ls¯u iy wju ls¯u i|yd fhda.H mshjr .ekSu'
8' iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u my; i|yka lreKq ms<sn| ie,ls,a,la olajñka iajlSh .kqfokqlrejka ms<sn|j wj∞kï
me;slv ieliSu mj;ajdf.k hd hq;=h(-
^⁄& .Kqfokqldr mka;shg wkqj wj∞kï uÜgu ^W∞( fkajdisl fyda wfkajdisl" l,ska l, fyda tlajrla muKla jk
ffk;sl ;eke;a;ka" foaYmd,k jYfhka fy,sorõ jQ ;eke;a;ka iy úúO /lshdj, ksr; .Kqfokqlrejka jeks
úúO m%fNaoj, .Kqfokqlrejka&·
^⁄⁄& .Kqfokqlref.a jHdmdrfha N+f.da,Sh msysàu fyda .kqfokqlref.a Wmka rg·
^⁄⁄⁄& .Kqfokqlref.a ksIamdok" fiajd" .Kqfokq fyda fn∞ye¯fï udr®. ^W∞(- uqo,a mokï jQ" iïuqL fyda m%;suqL"
foaYiSudj yryd&· iy
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9' iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiskau l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk wj∞kï md,kh ls¯fï iy wju ls¯fï mshjr wj∞ku u; mokï
jQ msúiqu u; msysgd" hï ksYaÑ; .kqfokqlrejl=f.a fyda hï m%fNaohl .Kqfokqlrejl=f.a wj∞kï me;slv iu`. wkqrEm
úh hq;= h'
10' .Kqfokqlrefjla jYfhka wdrïNlj ms<s.ekSfuka miqj" iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u tu .Kqfokqlref.a uqo,a
úY=oaêlrK wj∞kfï iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞kfï uÜgu u; msysgd Tyqf.a wj∞kï me;slv
ksrka;rfhka wëlaIKh lr hdj;ald,Sk lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
11' uQ,H wdh;kfha uqo,a úY=oaêlrK wj∞ku iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞ku l<ukdlrKh ls¯u" uQ,H
wdh;khg w∞< iuia; wj∞kï l<ukdlrKh iu`. wkqnoaO ls¯u iy taldnoaO ls¯u lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
12' iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiskau tys wOHlaI uKav,h fj; uQ,H wdh;kfha wj∞kï ;lafiarej" uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh fyda
;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞kï me;slv iy wj∞kï md,kh iy wju ls¯fï l%ufõoj, ldr®hlaIuNdjh
ms<sn| ld,Sk jdr®;djla b†˙m;a lrkq ,eìh hq;= h' jdr®;d ls¯fï jdr .Kk" wdh;kh uqyqK ° isák wj∞kï uÜgï iy
wdh;kh l%shd;ul jk m˙irh iu`. wkqrEm úh hq;= h'
13' 12 jk ¯;sfha i|yka jdr®;dfõ my; ±lafjk lreKq wka;r®.; úh hq;= h(-
^w& uqo,a úY=oaêlrK wj∞kug fyda ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞kug tfrysj lghq;= ls¯u i|yd uQ,H
wdh;kh úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk kshduk lghq;=j, m%;sM, ^W∞(- uqo,a úY=oaêlrK wj∞kug fyda ;%ia;jdoh
fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞kug uQ,H wdh;kh újD; ù we;s uÜgu" uQ,sl lghq;= fyda .Kqfokqldr ldKavh
u; mokï j uqo,a úY=oaêlrK wj∞kug fyda ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞kug újD; jk wdldrh
fjka fldg ±laùu" mk; m%ldrj iel lghq;= .Kqfokq jdr®;d ls¯ug iy .Kqfokq jdr®;d ls¯fï iSudjg hg;a jQ
jdr®;d b†˙m;a ls¯ug we;s jQ m%jK;d" tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wdrlaIK uKav,fha iïu; fhdackd hgf;a jQ wêlrKuh
;Ska≥ m%ldY iy l%shd úrys; ls¯fï lghq;=&·

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 43

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

^wd& wNHka;r fyda ndysr jYfhka uE;ld,Skj uqyqK ≥ka jeo.;a wj∞kï ms<sn| úia;r" l%shd ls¯fï l%ufõoh iy uQ,H
wdh;kh flfrys tys n,mEu fyda wfmalaIs; n,mEu· iy
^we& uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg tfrysj jQ fyda ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùug tfrysj jQ ,sÅ; kS;sj,
uE;ld,Sk jr®Okh iy thska uQ,H wdh;khg .uH jk n,mEu
14' ^1& iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg tfrysj iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùu
ms<sn| ;;ald,Skj n,mj;akd ,sÅ; kS;sj,g hg;a j" iajlSh wOHlaI uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrkq ,nk wNHka;r
m%;sm;a;shla ilia lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
^2& úia;rd;aul ldr®hmámdá iy md,k l%u iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u tu m%;sm;a;shg wkql+,j jr®Okh lrkq
,eìh hq;=h'
15' tu m%;sm;a;s" ldr®hmámdá iy md,k l%uj,g wj∞kï ;lafiare ldr®h mámdá" ksis Woafhda.hg w∞< mshjr" jdr®;d ;nd
.ekSfï wdldrh" wkqrEmS nexl= fiajd md,kh ls¯u" úoHq;a fm%aIK md,kh ls¯u" widudkH iy iel lghq;= .kqfokq
wkdjrKh lr .ekSfï iy wNHka;r f,i jdr®;d ls¯fï ldr®h mámdáh iy uQ,H nqoaê tallh fj; iel lghq;=
.kqfokq jdr®;d ls¯fï j.lSu we;=<;a fõ'
16' iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u m%;sm;a;s ldr®h mámdá iy md,k l%u ilia ls¯fï ° kj fyda ixjr®Okh fjñka mj;sk
;dlaIKh Ndú; ls¯fï ° WmÑ; úh yels" úfYaIfhkau ksr®kdñl njla iys; fyda ksis Woafhda.hg w∞< mshjrj, m%Odk
m%;sm;a;s iu`. wkkql+, jk ,laIK we;s uqo,a úY=oaêlrK wj∞kï fyda ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞kï
ms<sn|j ie,ls,a,g .kq ,eìh hq;= h'
17' iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u -
^w& mkf;a iy fï ¯;sj, i|yka kshu ls¯ïj,g wkql+,j uQ,H wdh;kh l%shd lrkq ,nk njg ;yjqre ls¯u i|yd
wkql+,;d ks,Orhd jYfhka fcHIaG l<ukdlrK uÜgfï ks,Orfhl= m;a lrkq ,eìh hq;= h·
^wd& wkql+,;d ks,Orhd fyda Tyqg iydh ,nd °u i|yd n,h mjrd we;s fjk;a hï ;eke;a;l= fyda Tyq fjkqfjka l%shd
lrkq ,nk ;eke;a;l= úiska iajlSh lr®;jH bgq ls¯ug wjYH úh yels ishÆ .Kqfokqldr jdr®;d iy fjk;a w∞<
f;dr;=re fj; läkñka m%fõY ùfï yelshdj we;s njg j.n,d .; hq;= h·
^we& ishÆ ia:ßr" fldka;%d;a moku hgf;a fyda ndysr fiajdkshqla;hka" n|jd .ekSfï ° fyda l=,shg .ekSfï ° l< hq;=
fiajd kshqla;hka ms<sn| ksis Woafhda.hla ±laùfï iy ms˙laiqï ls¯fï m˙mQr®K ldr®h mámdáhla" m%jr®Okh lr
l%shd;aul lrkq ,eìh hq;= h·
^wE& uqo,a úY=oaêlrK wjOdku iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞ku l<ukdlrKhg w∞< kshduk
wjYH;d iy wNHka;r m%;sm;a;s fukau ldr®h mámdá il%Sh f,i l%shd;aul ls¯fï wruq◊ka wOHlaI uKav,h
we;=`Mj w∞< fiajd kshqla;slhka i|yd fhda.H mqyqKq jevigyka ksrka;rfhka ie<iqï lr l%shd;aul lrkq ,eìh
hq;= h' ^mqyqKqj u.ska uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï Ys,aml%uj, l%ufõohkays iy
m%jK;dj, kj jr®Okhka y∫kd.ekSug iy uqo,a úY=oaêlrK wj∞kug iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï
wj∞kug tfrysj lghq;= ls¯ug w∞< iajlSh j.lSï y∫kd .ekSug fiajd kshqla;hkag yelshdj ,nd†h hq;= h'
úfYaIfhkau ksis Woafhda.hg w∞< wjYH;d iy iel lghq;= .Kqfokq jYfhka jdr®;d l< hq;= jQ o" fida†isfhka
isáh hq;= jQ o" idudkH l%uhg fjkia fyda widudkH .Kqfokq y∫kd .ekSu Bg we;=<;a fõ& · iy
^b& m%udKj;a iïm;a iys; iy uQ,H wdh;kfha wNHka;r m%;sm;a;s" ldr®h mámdá iy md,k l%u fukau kshduk
wjYH;d iu`. tl`.j ldr®hlaIuj l%shd ls¯fï yelshdj ks;sm;d ;lafiare ls¯ug yelshdj we;s" w∞< wdh;k
md,kh ms<sn| ix.%yhg tl`.j kshduk wêld¯ka úiska ksl=;a lrkq ,nk iajdëk ú.Kk lr®;jHhla mj;ajdf.k
hd hq;= h'
18' 17 jk ¯;sfha ^b& f√ofha ldr®h i|yd §wdh;k md,kh ms<sn| ix.%yh¶ hkafkka my; ±lafjk foa woyiafõ'
^w& n,m;%,dNS nexl= iy wdh;k md,kh ms<sn| 2007 wxl 11 iy 12 ork nexl= mkf;a úOdk·
^wd& n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï i|yd jQ 2008 wxl 3 ork uqo,a iud.ï ^wdh;k md,k& úOdk· iy
^we& fld<U fldgia fj<|fmdf,ys ,ehsia;=.; lr we;s fj<| .Kqfokqlrejka iy iud.ï i|yd jQ 2013 wdh;k
md,kh ms<sn| ksis jHjydr ix.%yh
úfoaY YdLd iy md,s; iud.ï
19' uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh iy ;%ia;jdoh i|yd uqo,a iemhSfï l%shdldrlïj,g tfrysj lghq;= ls˙fï wruq◊ka hq;=j uQ,H iuQy
jHdmdrj, ishÆ YdLd iy nyq;r ysñldr;ajhla we;s md,s; iud.ï i|yd w∞< jkakd jQ iy fhda.H jkakd jQ o" iduQyslj
w∞< jkakd jQ o" jevigyka" uQ,H iuQy jHdmdr úiska l%shd;aul lrkq ,eìh hq;= w;r 17 jk ¯;sfha i|yka mshjrj,g
w;sfr®lj ta i|yd my; ±lafjk mshjr we;=<;a fõ(-
^w& ksis Woafhda.h iy uqo,a úY=oaêlrK wj∞ku fukau ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞ku l<ukdlrKh
ls¯fï ldr®hh i|yd wjYH f;dr;=re iduQyslj ,nd .ekSu i|yd wjYH mshjr iy ldr®h mámdá wdrïN ls¯u·
^wd& uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï mshjr uevmeje;aùu l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd wjYH
wjia:dj, °" uQ,H iuQy jHdmdrfha ishÆ YdLd iy md,s; iud.ïj,ska ,nd.;a .Kqfokqlrejkaf.a .sKqïj, iy
.Kqfokqj, fukau ú.Kkhka ms<sn| f;dr;=re iuQy uÜgfï wkql+,;djhlska hq;=j iemhSu· iy

III fldgi - 44 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

^we& uQ,H iuQy jHdmdrfha YdLd iy md,s; iud.ï w;r yqjudre jk f;dr;=rej, ryiHNdjh iy tu f;dr;=re Ndú;
ls¯u ms<sn| m%udKj;a wdrlaIl úêúOdk mj;ajdf.k hdu'
20' foaYSh kS;sfha úêúOdk i<iajd we;s wdldrhg jvd" w∞< úfoaYSh rfgys w∞< ,sÅ; kS;s u.ska ±ä núka wvq úêúOdk
i,iajd we;s wjia:djl °" foaYSh kS;sfha wjYH;d iu`. wkql+, jkakd jQ uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùfï fyda ;%ia;jdoh
fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSu uev meje;aùfï mshjr iajlSh úfoaYSh YdLd iy nyq;r ysñldr;ajhla we;s md,s; iud.ï úiska
w∞< lr .kq ,nk njg iEu uQ,H wdh;khla u j.n,d .; hq;=h'
21' úfoaYSh rg úiska foaYSh kS;s wjYH;dj,g tl`.j uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùfï fyda ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSu
uevmeje;aùfï mshjr ksis m˙† l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd wjir fokq fkd,nk wjia:djl °" iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiskau
uqo,a úY=oaêlrK wj∞ku fyda ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞ku l<ukdlrKh ls¯u i|yd fhda.H w;sfr®l
mshjr w∞< lr .kq ,eìh hq;=h'
kj ;dlaIKh Ndú;d ls¯u
22' kj ksIamdok iy fmr mej;s ksIamdokh i|yd kj fn∞ye¯fï hdka;%K iy kj fyda ixjr®Okh fjñka mj;sk ;dlaIKh
Ndú;d ls¯u o we;=`Mj" kj ksIamdok iy kj jHdmdr m˙phka jr®Okhg w∞<j WmÑ; jk uqo,a úY=oaêlrK wj∞ku
iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞ku iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u y∫kd f.k ;lafiare lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
23' iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u(-
^w& kj ksIamdok" m˙phka iy ;dlaIK l%u wdrïN ls¯ug fyda Ndú; ls¯ug fmrd;=j" wj∞kï ;lafiare ls¯ï lrkq
,eìh hq;= h·
^wd& kj ksIamdok iy jHdmdr m˙phka m%jr®Okhg w∞<j WmÑ; úh yels wj∞kï l<ukdlrKh iy wju ls¯u i|yd
WÑ; mshjr .kq ,eìh hq;=h·
^we& uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï ldr®hh i|yd" fjk;a lreKq w;r" fl%äÜ ldâm;a
idjoH f,i Ndú;hg fya;= úh yels m˙† fl%äÜ ldâ fmr mQr®Kh (Pre-loading) i|yd wjir fkd†h hq;=h'

˚˚ fldgi
.kqfokqlrejka ms<sn`o ksis Woafhda.fhka l%shd ls¯u ^ksis Woafhda.h&
ishÆ .kqfokqlrejka i|yd jQ ksis Woafhda.h
24' ^1& mkf;a 2 jk j.ka;sfha úêúOdk m%ldrj" lsis≥ uQ,H wdh;khla úiska lsis≥ ksr®kdñl .sKqula" wi;H kulska jQ
.sKqula fyda jHdc ;eke;a;l=f.a kñka .sKqula fyda ^fuys ñka u;= §wxls; .sKqu¶ hkqfjka i|yka lrkq ,nk&
wxlhla u.ska muKla y∫kajkq ,nk .sKqula újD; ls¯u" l%shd;aul ls¯u fyda mj;ajdf.k hdu fkdl< hq;= h'
^2& wxls; .sKqï hkakg" uQ,H wdh;kfha ±kqj;a Ndjfhka f;drj ysñldr;ajh mej˙h yels .sKqï iy .sKqï ysñhdf.a
ku neyer lrñka l%shd;aul ls˙u iy mj;ajdf.k hdu is≥ l< yels .sKqï we;=<;a fõ'
25' hï fok ,o .kqfokqlrefjl=f.a j;alï iy j.lSï laI◊lj wdmiq ,nd.; yels jk wdldrhg iEu uQ,H wdh;khla
úiska u .sKqï mj;ajdf.k hd hq;= h' ta wkqj" lsis≥ uQ,H wdh;khla úiska iajlSh idudkH fufyhqï l%shdj,sfhka"
moaO;sj,ska fyda ldr®h mámdáfhka fjkaj .sKqï mj;ajdf.k fkdhd hq;= h'
26' .kqfokqjla lrkq ,nk .kqfokqlre iïnkaOfhka iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u my; ±lafjk wjia:dj, °" fï ¯;sj,
ksYaÑ;j olajd we;s ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjr l%shd;aul l< hq;=h(-
^w& jHdmd˙l iïnkaO;dj,g we;=<; ùfï °·
^wd& remsh,a ,laI folla blaujk fyda úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska Bg iudk uqo,a m%udKhla blaujk uqo,la w∞< jk
.kqfokq i|yd uqo,a iemhSfï ° iy uqo,a yqjudre ls¯fï lghq;= ls¯fï °·
^we& 68 jk ¯;sfha isg 83 jk ¯;sh olajd jQ ¯;sj, i|yka m˙† úoHq;a fm%aIK fiajd iemhSfï °·
^wE& ;ks .kqfokqjla fyda tlsfklg iïnkaO nj fmkS hk nyqúO .kqfokq iys; hï .kqfokqjla iïnkaOfhka jk
úg" remsh,a ,laI folla fyda úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska Bg iudk uqo,la blaujk uqo,a m%udKhla ixhqla; jk" j˙ka
jr is≥jk .kqfokq is≥ ls¯fï °·
^b& uqo,a m%udKh l=ula jqj;a th fkd;ld" ta .kqfokqlre uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh fyda ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï
lghq;=j, fh° isák njg uQ,H wdh;kh fj; hï ielhla we;s jQ úg °·
^B& mQr®jfhka ,nd.;a f;dr;=rej, i;HNdjh fyda m%udKj;a nj ms<sn|j uQ,H wdh;kh fj; hï ielhla we;s jQ
úg °'
27' ^1& iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u -
^w& jHdmdr iïnkaO;dj,g we;=<;a ùug fmrd;=j" iajlSh .kqfokqlrejka y∫kd .; hq;=h·
^wd& fuys Wmf,aLkfha ksYaÑ;j olajd we;s f;dr;=re ,ndf.k" w∞< fõ kï tu f;dr;=re ;yjqre lrf.k"
tu f;dr;=re wju f,i y∫kd .ekSfï ldr®h i|yd iy wdrïNl wj∞kï me;slv ilia ls¯fï ldr®hh
i|yd jdr®;d.; lrkq ,eìh hq;= h·
^we& ksis Woafhda.h wkq.ukh ls¯fï ldr®hh i|yd wju jYfhka my; ±lafjk f;dr;=re ,nd.; hq;= h(-

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 45

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

^⁄& .sKqfï wruqK·

^⁄⁄& bmehSïj, m%Njhka·
^⁄⁄⁄& wfmalaIs; udisl ms˙jegqu·
^⁄¤& wfmalaIs; .kqfokq l%u ^W∞(- uqo,a" fplam;a hkd†h&¦
^¤& m%;smdr®Yjj, wfmalaIs; m%fNao ^w∞< fõ kï&'
^2& hï .kqfokqlrefjl= by, wj∞kula we;s .kqfokqlrefjl= jYfhka i,lkq ,nk wjia:djl °" ^1& jk f√ofha
^wE& wkq f√ofha i|yka ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjrj,g w;sfr®lj" uQ,H wdh;kh úiska m%jr®ê; ksis Woafhda.h
ms<sn| mshjr .kq ,eìh hq;= h'
28' .kqfokqlre iajNdúl ;eke;a;l= fkdjk wjia:djl ° iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u" .kqfokqlref.a ysñldr;ajh iy
md,k jHqyh ms<sn| wjfndaO lr .ekSu i|yd wjYH idOdrK mshjr .kq ,eìh hq;= w;r .kqfokqlref.a w;Hka; whs;sh
fyda md,kh orkq ,nkafka ljr iajdNdúl ;eke;a;ka úiska o hkak ksYaph lr .kq ,eìh hq;=h'
29' hï .kqfokqlrefjl= fjkqfjka iajdNdúl ;eke;a;ka tla whl= fyda Bg jeä .Kkla l%shd lrkq ,nk wjia:djl °"
iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u .kqfokqlre fjkqfjka l%shd lrkq ,nk iajdNdúl ;eke;a;ka y∫kd f.k tu iajdNdúl
;eke;a;kaf.a wkkH;djh ;yjqre lr .kq ,eìh hq;= h' .kqfokqlre fjkqfjka l%shd ls˙u i|yd tu ;eke;a;df.a
wêld¯ n,h" tfia n,h mjrd we;s ;eke;a;df.a wdor®Y w;aika we;=`Mj f,aLk.; idlaIs u.ska ;yjqre lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
30' m%;s,dNS ysñlrejl= isák wjia:djl °" iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u" m%;s,dNS ysñlre ljfrl= o hkak y∫kd .ekSug;a"
m%;s,dNS ysñlre ljfrl= o hkak uQ,H wdh;kh ±k isákq ,nk njg ta wdh;khg iEySug m;aùug m%udKj;a úYajikSh
uQ,dY%hlska ,nd.;a f;dr;=re Ndú; ls¯fuka" ta wkkH;djh ;yjqre lr .ekSug;a" iOdrK mshjr .kq ,eìh hq;= h'
31' iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u .kqfokqlrejl= iu`. jHdmd˙l iïnkaO;djla we;s lr .ekSug fmr fyda jHdmd˙l
iïnkaO;djhla we;s lr .kakd w;r;=r ° iy j˙ka jr meñfKk .kqfokqlre fjkqfjka .kqfokqjla is≥ ls¯fï °"
.kqfokqlref.a iy m%;s,dNS ysñlref.a wkkH;djh ;yjqre lr .; hq;= h(
tfia jqj o .kqfokqlref.a wj∞kï uÜgu uQ,H wdh;kfha wj∞kï me;slvg wkqj my< uÜgul mj;skafka kï iy
jHdmdr iïnkaO;djkag we;=<;a jk wjia:dfõ ° ;yjqre lr .ekSu is≥ l< fkdyels kï" uQ,H wdh;kh úiska" 32 jk
¯;shg hg;aj" jHdmdr iïnkaO;djg we;=<;a ùfuka miqj w∞< f,aLk imhk f,i iajlSh .kqfokqlre iy wr®:,dNS
ysñlreg wjir fokq ,eìh yels w;r ^fuys ñka u;= §m%udo jQ ;yjqre lr .ekSu¶ hkqfjka i|yka lrkq ,nk& ;yjqre
lr .ekSu miqj iïmQr®K lrkq ,eìh yelsh'
32' m%udo jQ ;yjqre ls˙ula i|yd wjir fokq ,nk ´kEu wjia:djl °" my; ±lafjk fldkafoais imqrd,kq ,eìh hq;= h(-
^w& ;yjqre ls¯u m%dfhda.slj yels blaukska tfy;a .sKqu wdrïN ls¯fï †k isg jev lrk †k ∞y;rlg jeä fkdjk
ld,hla ;=< iïmQr®K l< hq;= h·
^wd& uQ,H wdh;kfha idudkH jHdmd˙l fufyhqïj,g wjysr fkdjk m˙†" m%udoh wjYH úh hq;= h· iy
^we& uqo,a úY=oaêlrK wj∞kula fyda ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞kula ms<sn| ielhla fkdmej;sh hq;= h'
33' m%udo jQ ;yjqrels¯ïj, wj∞ku wju ls¯u i|yd" iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u ;yjqre ls¯ug fmrd;=j .kqfokqlre úiska
jHdmdr iïnkaO;dj m%fhdackhg .ekSfï ° .kqfokqlre hg;ajk fldkafoaisj,g w∞< jk m˙† wj∞kï l<ukdlrK
ldr®h mámdá wkq.ukh lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
34' is≥ lrkq ,eìh yels .kqfokqj, m%udKh" jr®.h iy uqo,a m%udKh iSud ls¯u we;=`Mj m%udo jQ ;yjqre ls¯ï wj∞ku
l<ukdlrKh ls¯u i|yd iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u mshjr .kq ,eìh hq;= h'
35' hï uQ,H wdh;khla w∞< ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjrj,g wkql+,j l%shd ls¯ug wfmdfydi;a jk wjia:djl °" tjeks
uQ,H wdh;khla úiska -
^w& kj .kqfokqlrefjl= iïnkaOfhka jk úg" .sKqula újD; ls¯u fyda jHdmd˙l iïnkaO;djlg we;=`Mùu fyda
.kqfokqjla is≥ ls¯u fkdl< hq;= h· ke;fyd;a
^wd& j;auka .kqfokqlrejl= iïnkaOfhka jk úg" tu .kqfokqlre iu`. jHdmd˙l iïnkaO;djh wjika lr ta
.kqfokqlreg w∞< iel lghq;= .kqfokq jdr®;djla ilia ls¯u ms<sn| i,ld ne,sh hq;= h'
36' lsis≥ wjia:dkq.; lreKla hgf;a" .kqfokqlref.a iy wr®:,dNS ysñlref.a wkkH;djh ;yjqre ls¯ug fmrd;=j" lsis≥
uQ,H wdh;khla úiska by< uQ,H úY=oaêlrK wj∞kula iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞kula iys;
.kqfokqlrejl= iu. jHdmd˙l iïnkaO;djhla we;s lr .ekSu fyda lsis≥ .kqfokqjla is≥ ls¯u fkdl< hq;= h'
37' .kqfokqlref.a wdr®:ßl me;slv iy wj∞kï me;slv iu. iy fhda.H wjia:dj, ° bmehSï uQ,dY% iu`. Tyqf.a .kqfokq
wkql+, jk njg ;yjqre lr .ekSu i|yd iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u wLKav mokula u; .kqfokqlrejl= iu`.
mj;sk ishÆ jHdmdr iïnkaO;d kshdukh lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
38' ^1& lsis≥ m%lg wdr®:ßl wruqKla fyda ne¨ ne,aug fmfkk kS;Hdkql+, wruqKla fkdue;s ishÆ ixlSr®K" widudkH
f,i úYd, .kqfokq iy ishÆ widudkH wdldrfha .kqfokq ms<sn| iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u f;dr;=re
,ndf.k tu .kqfokqj, miqìu iy wruqK ms<sn| m¯laId lr ne,Su lrkq ,eìh hq;=h'
^2& tjeks .kqfokqj, miqìu iy wruqK m¯laId lr wjYH wjia:dj, ° w∞< ksis n,Orhd fj; ,nd °u i|yd iy
iel lghq;= .kqfokq jdr®;d ilia ls¯u i|yd tu m¯laIKj,ska wkdjrKh jk lreKq jdr®;d.; lr ;eìh hq;= h'

III fldgi - 46 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

39' fuu ¯;sj,g wkkql+, jkakd jQ .kqfokq iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u fhda.H mshjr .ekSu i|yd uQ,H wdh;kfha
wkql+,;d ks,Orhd fj; jdr®;d lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
40' ^1& .kqfokqlrejka iy m%;s,dNS ysñlrejka iïnkaOfhka ,nd .kakd .kqfokqldr f;dr;=rej, m%udKj;a nj ms<sn|j
iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u hï ld,iSudjlg jrla iudf,dapkh l< hq;= w;r úfYaIfhka u by< wj∞kula
iys; .kqfokqlrejka m%fNaoj, f;dr;=re hdj;ald,Skj ;nk njg j.n,d .; hq;= h'
^2& wj∞ku u; mokï jQ msúiqug wkqj uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSug tfrysj lghq;=
ls¯u i|yd" tu iudf,dapk ld,iSudj iy ldr®h mámdá iajlSh wNHka;r m%;sm;a;s u.ska tla tla uQ,H wdh;kh
úiska ;SrKh lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
41' ksis Woafhda.h fyda m%jr®ê; ksis Woafhda.h fkdlvjd is≥ l< hq;= jdr .Kk" wj∞kï me;slv iy .kqfokqj, iajNdjh
u; mokïj .kqfokqlre úiska fhduq lrkq ,nk uqo,a úY=oaêlrK wj∞kfï iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï
wj∞kfï uÜgu iu`. iudkqmd;sl úh hq;= h'
42' m%jr®ê; ksis Woafhda.h wkq.ukh ls¯fï ° iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u w∞< lr .kq ,nk md,k l%u ixLHdj iy
ld, mrdih iy ;j≥rg;a m¯laId ls¯ula wjYH jkakd jQ .kqfokq l%u f;dard .ekSu by< oukq ,eìh hq;=h'
43' uQ,H wdh;kh úiska .kqfokqlrejkaf.a jeo.;alu iy wj∞ku ms<sn| iajlSh ;lafiare ls¯ula ie,ls,a,g f.k"
wkkH;dj y∫kd .ekSfï iy wkkH;dj ;yjqre ls¯fï wjYH;d ms<sn| iudk njlska f;drj iajlSh j;auka
.kqfokqlrejka i|yd fhda.H úh yels hï ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjr bgq lrkq ,eìh hq;= h' j;auka .kqfokqlref.a
jeo.;alu iy wj∞ku ;lafiare ls¯fï °" iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u my; ±lafjk lreKq ms<sn| i,ld ne,sh
hq;= h(-
^w& .kqfokqfõ jeo.;alu we;=`Mj" .kqfokqfõ iajNdjh iy .kqfokqfõ m˙ndysr wjia:dkq.; lreKq·
^wd& .sKqu fyda jHdmd˙l iïnkaO;djh l%shd;aul jk wdldrfha hï jeo.;a fjkiaùula· fyda
^we& .kqfokqlre iïnkaOfhka orkq ,nk f;dr;=re m%udKj;a fkdùu fyda .kqfokqlref.a f;dr;=re fjkiaùu'
44' ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjr l,ska is≥ lr we;af;a ljr †khl o hkak iy m%udKj;a o;a; ,ndf.k ;sfí o hkak
ms<sn| i,ld ne,Sfuka miqj" iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u j;auka .kqfokqldr iïnkaO;d u; fhda.H wjia:dj, ° ksis
Woafhda.h wkq.ukh lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
45' hï j;auka .kqfokqlrejl= úiska ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjrj,g w∞<j iEySug m;aúh fkdyels f;dr;=re imhkq ,nk
wjia:djl °" tjeks .kqfokqlrejl= iu`. mj;sk iïnkaO;djh by< wj∞kula ork .kqfokqldr iïnkaO;djla f,i
i,lkq ,eìh hq;= w;r m%jr®ê; ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjr i|yd hg;a úh hq;= h'
46' hï .kqfokqlrefjl= iïnkaOfhka uqo,a úY=oaêlrK wj∞kula fyda ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞kula
ms<sn|j uQ,H wdh;khg hï ielhla we;sjk wjia:djl °" ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjr wkq.ukh ls¯u u.ska .kqfokqlre
fj; fydavqjdjla ,efnk njg idOdrK f,i úYajdi l< yels wjia:djl °" uQ,H wdh;kh úiska ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn|
mshjr wkq.ukh ls¯u wjika lr .kqfokqj b†˙hg f.k f.dia jydu iel lghq;= .kqfokq jdr®;djla f.dkq lrkq
,eìh hq;= h'
j˙ka jr meñfKk .kqfokqlrejka" tlajrla muKla meñfKk .kqfokqlrejka" nexl=fõ fkdjk .kqfokqlrejka
iy ;=kajk mdr®Yaj .kqfokqlrejka
47' iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u -
^w& j˙ka jr meñfKk .kqfokqlrejka" tlajrla muKla meñfKk .kqfokqlrejka fyda nexl=fõ fkdjk
.kqfokqlrejka úiska is≥ lrkq ,nk remsh,a ,laI folla fyda hï úfoaY jHjydr uqo,lska Bg iudk uqo,a
m%udKhla" blaujk .kqfokq fyda tlsfklg iïnkaO .kqfokq ud,djla iïnkaOfhka jk úg" ksis Woafhda.h
ms<sn| mshjr wkq.ukh lr wkkH;d f,aLkfha msgm;a ,nd .; hq;=h·
^wd& f.ùï wKlr" wKlr jeks remsh,a ,laI folla fyda hï úfoaY jHjydr uqo,lska Bg iudk uqo,a m%udKhla"
blaujk m%;smQrK idOkm;% ñ,° .ekSu i|yd meñfKk j˙ka jr meñfKk .kqfokqlrejka" tlajrla muKla
meñfKk .kqfokqlrejka fyda nexl=fõ fkdjk .kqfokqlrejka iïnkaOfhka jk úg ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn|
mshjr wkq.ukh lr wkkH;d f,aLkfha msgm;a ,nd .; hq;= h·
^we& hï ;=kajk mdr®Yj .kqfokqlrejl= úiska hï .sKqulg fjk fjku fyda tla jru fyda lrkq ,nk remsh,a ,laI
folla fyda hï úfoaY jHjydr uqo,lska Bg iudk uqo,a m%udKhla" blaujk ishÆ uqo,a ;ekam;a ls¯ï iïnkaOfhka
jk úg" j,x.= wkkH;d f,aLkfha ku" ,smskh" wkkH;d wxlh" ;=kajk mdr®Yj .kqfokqlref.a wruqK iy
w;aik jdr®;d.; lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
tfia jqj o" .sKqï iu`. lghq;= ls¯u i|yd n,h mjrd we;s ,smslrejka" .Kldêld¯jreka" fiajd kshqla;hka"
ksfhda‚;hka fyda jHdmd˙l ia:dkj, n,h,;a ;eke;a;ka" ;=kajk mdr®Yajhla f,i i,lkq fkd,eìh hq;= h'
tfiau ;j≥rg;a" .kqfokq fyda tlsfklg iïnkaO .kqfokq ud,djla iel lghq;= njg fyda widudkH njg iel
ls¯ug uQ,H wdh;khg idOdrK fya;= we;s wjia:djl ° iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u by; ksYaÑ;j i|yka uqo,a
m%udKhla ms<sn|j fkd;ld tu f;dr;=re ,nd .; hq;= h'

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2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

ffk;sl ;eke;a;ka iy ffk;sl jevms<sfj< i|yd jQ ksis Woafhda.h

48' ffk;sl ;eke;a;l= fyda ffk;sl jevms<sfj<la iïnkaOfhka jk úg" iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u -
^w& .kqfokqlref.a jHdmdrfha iajNdjh" tys ysñld˙;ajh iy md,k jHqyh ms<sn| wjfndaO lr .kq ,eìh hq;= h·
^wd& fuys Wmf,aLkfha ksYaÑ;j olajd we;s wjYH;d m%ldrj .kqfokqlre y∫kdf.k ;yjqre lr .kq ,eìh hq;= h'
49' ffk;sl ;eke;a;l=f.a w;Hka; md,k ysñldr;aj iïnkaO;dj iys; iajNdúl ;eke;a;l= isà kï" tu ;eke;a;d y∫kd
.ekSfï wruq◊ka" uQ,H wdh;kh úiska" wju jYfhka my; ±lafjk úia;r ,ndf.k ;yjqre lr .ekSu i|yd idOdrK
mshjr .kq ,eìh hq;= h'
^w& ishÆ wOHlaIjreka iy ishhg oyhlg jeä ialkaO m%d.aOk iïnkaO;djla iys; ishÆ fldgia ysñhka y∫kdf.k
tjeks wOHlaIjreka iy fldgia ysñhkaf.a hï fjkila jQ úg ±kqï fok f,i uQ,H wdh;kh úiska ffk;sl
;eke;a;d fj; kshu lrkq ,eìh hq;= h·
^wd& md,k ysñldr;aj iïnkaO;dj iys; ;eke;a;d m%;s,dNS ysñlre fõ o hkak ms,sn| ielhla we;sjk wjia:djl
° fyda ysñldr;aj iïnkaO;dj yryd md,kh lrkq ,nk iajdNdúl ;eke;a;l= fkdue;s wjia:djl °" ffk;sl
;eke;a;df.a md,kh fyda ffk;sl jevms<sfjf<ys md,kh iajdëk uQ,dY% yryd l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk iajdNdúl
;eke;a;l= isà kï ta ;eke;a;df.a wkkH;dj uQ,H wdh;kh úiska y∫kd .; hq;= h·
^we& wOHlaI uKav, fhdackd iïu;hla u.ska fyda wkHdldrhlska ffk;sl mqoa.,hd fyda ffk;sl jevms<sfj<
ksfhdackh ls¯u i|yd hï ;eke;a;l= fj; ,nd ≥ka n,h mej¯u ;yjqre lr .; hq;= h·
^wE& by;ska jQ úêúOdk hgf;a lsis≥ iajdNdúl ;eke;a;l= y∫kd .; fkdyels jk wjia:djl °" fcHIaG l<ukdlrK
;;a;ajh ork w∞< iajdNdúl ;eke;a;kaf.a wkkH;djh ;yjqre lr.; hq;= h·
^b& ffk;sl ;eke;a;l=f.a md,k iïnkaO;djh fjk;a ffk;sl ;eke;a;l= i;= lr we;s wjia:djl °" uQ,H wdh;kh
úiska tu ffk;sl ;eke;a;d md,kh lrkq ,nk iajNdúl ;eke;a;d y∫kd .kq ,eìh hq;= h'
50' ffk;sl jevms<sfj,l m%;s,dNS ysñlrejka y∫kd .ekSu i|yd uQ,H wdh;kh úiska my; ±lafjk úia;r ,ndf.k
;yjqre lr .ekSu i|yd idOdrK mshjr .kq ,eìh hq;= h(
^w& Ndr i|yd" Ndrfha ksr®ud;Df.a wkkH;djh" Ndrlrejkaf.a" m%;s,dNshdf.a fyda m%;s,dNS mka;sfha wkkH;djh iy
Ndrfha w;Hka; il%Sh md,kh l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk fjk;a hï ;eke;a;l=f.a wkkH;dj ^md,k cd,hla yryd
fyda ysñldr;aj cd,hla yryd md,kh lrk ;eke;a;ka we;=,qj& · fyda
^wd& fjk;a wdldrfha ffk;sl jevms<sfj, i|yd iudk fyda iu ;;a;ajfha ;eke;a;kaf.a wkkH;djh
rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk" ,dN fkd,nk ixúOdk fyda mqKH wdh;k
51 ^fuys ñka u;= §tka'„'´'¶ hkqfjka i|yka lrkq ,nk& rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhla" ^fuys ñka u;= §tka'„'´'¶ hkqfjka
i|yka lrkq ,nk& ,dN fkd,nk ixúOdkhla iy mqKH wdh;khla iu`. jHdmd˙l iïnkaO;djlg t<eöfï °" ta
tka'„'´'" tka'„'´' iy mqKH wdh;kj, .sKqï kS;hdkql+, ldr®h i|yd Ndú; lrkq ,nk njg iy .kqfokq lghq;=
m%ldYs; wruqKq yd ldr®hh iu. wkqrEm jk njg j. n,d .ekSu i|yd iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u" m%jr®ê; ksis
Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjr wkq.ukh lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
52' ^1& w∞< tka'„'´'" tka'„'´' fyda mqKH wdh;kfha ixia:dmkh ls¯fï f,aLkj, ,nd ° we;s wNsOdkhg wkqj" ta
tka'„'´'" tka'„'´' fyda mqKH wdh;kfha kñka iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u .sKqï újD; lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
^2& .sKqï l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd n,h mjrd we;s mqoa.,hka iy Tjqkaf.a md,k uKav,fha idud‚lhka tu m%jr®ê;
mshjrj,g hg;a úh hq;= h'
^3& ^2& jk f√ofha i|yka ;eke;a;ka tu ku hgf;a fyda fjk;a kula hgf;a ;ykï l< wia:ß;ajhla fyda ;eke;a;l=
iu`. iïnkaO ù fkdisák njg iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u j.n,d .; hq;= h'
53' mqKH lghq;= i|yd fyda m˙;Hd. /ials¯u i|yd tka'„'´' " tka'„'´' fyda mqKH wdh;khl md,k uKav,j, idud‚lhkaf.a
mqoa.,sl .sKqï Ndú; ls¯u i|yd lsis≥ uQ,H wdh;khla úiska bv ,nd fkd†h hq;= h'
54' ^1& ;ykï lrk ,o wia:ß;ajhla fyda ;eke;a;l= jYfhka kï l<" hï wia:ß;ajhla fyda ;eke;a;l= iu`. tka'„'´'"
tka'„'´' fyda mqKH wdh;khla tajdfha n,h,;a w;aikalrejka" tajdfha md,k uKav,j, idud‚lhka iy m%;s,dNS
ysñlrejka iïnkaO;d fkdmj;ajk njg j.n,d .ekSu i|yd tka'„'´'" tka'„'´' fyda mqKH wdh;khl ishÆ
j;auka iïnkaO;d iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u iudf,dapkh lr kshdukh lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
^2& kïj, we;s iudklula ksid hï ielhla we;sjk wjia:djl °" uQ,H wdh;k úiska iellghq;= .kqfokq ms<sn`o
jdr®;djla f.dkq ls¯u fyda fjk;a ffk;sl mshjrla .ekSu fyda tu ls%hdudr®. folu .ekSu is≥ l< hq;=h'
rlaIK Tmamqj, m%;s,dNSka
55' ‚ú; rlaIK Tmamqjla fyda fjk;a hï wdfhdack wdY%s; rlaIK Tmamqjla ms<sn| m%;s,dNshd y∫kd .kq ,enQ jydu fyda kï
lrkq ,enQ jydu" iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u" hï .kqfokqlrejl= fyda m%;s,dNS ysñlrejl= i|yd kshu lrkq ,nk
ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjrj,g w;sfr®lj" my; ±lafjk ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjr wkq.ukh lrkq ,eìh hq;= h(
^w& úfYaI kulska y∫kajkq ,nk iajNdúl fyda ffk;sl ;eke;a;l= ke;fyd;a ffk;sl jevms<sfj<la f,i y∫kd
.kq ,enQ m%;s,dNshl= iïnkaOfhka jk úg" ta ;eke;a;df.a ku ,nd .; hq;= h·

III fldgi - 48 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

^wd& ,laIK u.ska fyda m%fNaoh u.ska fyda fjk;a wdldrhlska kï lrkq ,nk m%;s,dNshl= iïnkaOfhka jk úg"
m%;s,dNshdf.a wkkH;djh ;yjqre lr .ekSug yels jk njg uQ,H wdh;kh iEySug m;ajk m˙†" m%;s,dNshdg
w∞<j m%udKj;a f;dr;=re ,nd.; hq;= h· iy
^we& ^w& iy ^wd& f√oj, i`oyka m%;s,dNshl= iïnkaOfhka jk úg" m%;s,dNshdf.a wkkH;djh ;yjqre ls¯u" kï ls¯u
lrk wjia:dfõ ° iy m%;s,dN f.ùu is≥ lrkq ,nk wjia:dfõ lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
56' m%jr®ê; ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjr fhda.H jkafka o hkak ;SrKh ls¯fï ° w∞< wj∞kï idOlh jYfhka iEu uQ,H
wdh;khla úiska u „ú; rlaIK Tmamqjl m%;s,dNshd we;=<;a lrkq ,eìh hq;= h' ffk;sl ;eke;a;l= fyda ffk;sl
jevms<sfj<la jkakd jQ m%;s,dNshl= úiska jvd by< wj∞kula fmkakqï lrk njg uQ,H wdh;kh úiska ksYaph lrkq
,nk wjia:djl °" uQ,H wdh;kh úiska m%;s,dNshdf.a m%;s,dNj, ysñlref.a wkkH;djh y∫kdf.k ;yjqre ls˙u i|yd
idOdrK hdka;%K we;=<;a jkakd jQ m%jr®ê; ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjr m%;s,dN f.jkq ,nk wjia:dfõ ° ta uQ,H
wdh;kh úiska wkq.ukh lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
by< wj∞kï iys; rgj, .kqfokqlrejka iy uQ,H wdh;k
57' ^1& by< wj∞kï iys; rgj, .kqfokqlrejka iy uQ,H wdh;kj, jHdmd˙l iïnkaO;d iy .kqfokq i|yd iEu uQ,H
wdh;khla úiska u m%jr®ê; ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjr w∞< lr .kq ,eìh hq;= h'
^2& wjia:dfjdaÑ; m˙†" úfoaY lghq;= úIhh mjrd we;a;d jQ fyda wdrlaIl úIhh mjrd we;a;d jQ wud;Hjrhdf.a
wud;HdxYfha f,alïjrhd úiska -
^w& uQ,H ldr®h idOl n,ldfha ,ehsia;=.; ls¯u u; mokï j· fyda
^wd& uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg tfrys ùfï m%;sm;a;s iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï m%;sm;a;s
l%fudamdhj, W!k;d mej;Su iy tu W!k;d i|yd m%;slr®u ie,iSfï m%udKj;a m%.;shla fkdmej;Su
ie,ls,a,g f.k" iajdëkj" ^1& jeks f√ofha i|yka by< wj∞kï iys; rgj,a ksYaÑ;j olajkq ,eìh hq;= h'
^3& ^2& jeks f√ofha i|yka m˙† by< wj∞kï iys; rgj, ,ehsia;=j ksYaÑ;j ±laùfuka miqj" uQ,H nqoaê tallh
úiska" iajlSh ks, fjí wvúfha by< wj∞kï iys; rgj, ,ehsia;=j m< lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
^4& ^1& jeks f√oh hgf;a w∞< lr.kq ,nk m%jr®ê; mshjr ldr®hlaIu úh hq;= w;r" wj∞kfï iajNdjhg wkqrEm
úh hq;= h'
58' m%jr®ê; ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjrj,g w;sfr®lj" ,ehsia;=.; lrk ,o by< wj∞kï iys; rgj, wj∞kfï iajNdjhg
wkqrEmj" 57 jeks ¯;sfha ^2& jeks f√ofha i|yka by< wj∞kï iys; rgj,a ms<sn| ,ehsia;=fõ ksYaÑ;j olajd we;s rgj,a
i|yd iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u my; ±lafjk m˙† fhda.H m%;smshjr w∞< lr .kq ,eìh hq;= h'
^w& y∫kd.;a rgj,a fyda w∞< rfgys m†xÑ ;eke;a;ka iu`. jHdmdr iïnkaO;d fyda uQ,H .kqfokq iSud ls¯u·
^wd& w∞< rfgys uQ,H wdh;k iu`. mj;sk wkqrEmS nexl= iïnkaO;d iudf,dapkh ls¯u iy ixfYdaOkh ls¯u fyda
wjYH fõ kï" wjika ls¯u·
^we& wod< rfgys msysgd we;s uQ,H wdh;kfha fyda uQ,H iuQy jHdmdrfha YdLd fyda md,s; iud.ï i|yd ;Sj%;dj iy jdr
.Kk jeä ls¯u u.ska m%jr®Okh lrk ,o ndysr ú.Kk meje;aùu· iy
^wE& uQ,H nqoaê tallh úiska ksYaÑ;j olajkq ,nk fjk;a hï mshjr .ekSu'
foaYmd,k jYfhka wkdjrKh jQ ;eke;a;ka (PEPS)
59' foaYmd,k jYfhka wkdjrKh jQ ;eke;a;ka fyda Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj, idud‚lhka iy ióm wdY%s;hka iïnkaOfhka jk
úg" iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u -
^w& .kqfokqlre fyda m%;s,dNS ysñlre foaYmd,k jYfhka wkdjrKh jQ ;eke;a;l= o hkak ;SrKh ls¯u i|yd fhda.H
wNHka;r m%;sm;a;s" ldr®h mámdá iy md,k l%u l%shd;aul lrkq ,eìh hq;= h·
^wd& .kqfokqlre fyda m%;s,dNS ysñlre foaYmd,k jYfhka wkdjrKh jQ ;eke;a;l= jk wjia:djl ° fyda miqj
foaYmd,k jYfhka wkdjrKh jQ ;eke;a;l= njg m;a jk wjia:djl °" jHdmdr iïnkaO;d i|yd we;=<;a ùug
fyda jHdmdr iïnkaO;d wLKavj mj;ajdf.k hdug uQ,H wdh;kfha md,l uKav,fhka wkqu;sh ,nd .; hq;= h·
^we& wruqo,aj, iy iïm;aj, uQ,dY% fyda wruqo,aj, fyda iïm;aj, m%;s,dNS ysñldr;ajh fhda.H l%u u.ska ;yjqre ls¯u
is≥ l< hq;= h· iy
^wE& foaYmd,k jYfhka wkdjrKh jQ ;eke;a;d iu`. mj;sk jHdmdr iïnkaO;d wLKavj m%jr®Okh lr kshdukh
ls¯u is≥ l< hq;= h'
60' foaYmd,k jYfhka wkdjrKh jQ ;eke;a;kaf.a rlaIK Tmamq iïnkaOfhka jk úg" iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u(
^w& m%;s,dN f.jkq ,nk wjia:dfõ °" wjia:dfjdaÑ; m˙†" m%;s,dNshd" m%;s,dNSka fyda m%;s,dNS ysñlre foaYmd,k
jYfhka wkdjrKh jQ ;eke;a;ka o hkak ms<sn|j ;SrKh ls¯u i|yd idOdrK mshjr .kq ,eìh hq;= h·
^wd& jvd by< wj∞kï y∫kd f.k we;s wjia:djl °" rlaIK Tmamqfõ uqo,a f.ùug fmrd;=j" rlaIK Tmamq ysñhd
iu`. iïmQr®K jHdmdr iïnkaO;djh ms<sn|j m%jr®ê; fida†is ls¯ula meje;aùu i|yd fcHIaG l<ukdld˙;ajh
fj; ±kqï †h hq;= w;r" iel lghq;= .kqfokq ms<sn| jdr®;djla ilia l< hq;= o keoao hkak ms<sn| i,ld n,kq
,eìh hq;= h'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 49

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

;=kajk mdr®Yajhla u; rπ mj;sk uQ,H wdh;k

61' .kqfokqlre y∫kd .ekSu" m%;s,dNS ysñlre y∫kd .ekSu iy jHdmdrfha iajNdjh y∫kd .ekSu iy jHdmdrh wdrïN ls¯u
we;=`Mj" ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjr is≥ ls¯fï wruq◊ka hï uQ,H wdh;khla úiska ;=kajeks mdr®Yj uQ,H wdh;khla
fyda kfudaoa†Iag uQ,H fkdjk jHdmdrhla u; rπ mej;Sug wjir ,nd ° we;s wjia:djl ° ;=kajeks mdr®Yajh u; rπ
mj;skakd jQ o my; ±lafjk m˙† l%shd l< hq;= jQ o" uQ,H wdh;kh fj; ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mru j.lSu mej;sh hq;= h(
^w& ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjrj,g w∞< wjYH f;dr;=re jydu ,nd .ekSu l< hq;= h·
^wd& m%udohlska f;drj b,a,Sula ls¯fuka miqj" ;=kajk mdr®Yaj uQ,H wdh;kfhka fyda kfudaoa†Iag uQ,H fkdjk
jHdmdrfhka ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| wjYH;dj,g w∞< y∫kd .ekSfï o;a; iy fjk;a w∞< f,aLkj, msgm;a ,nd
.ekSfï yelshdj ms<sn| iEySulg m;ajk m˙† mshjr .kq ,eîu l< hq;= h·
^we& ;=kajk mdr®Yaj uQ,H wdh;k úêu;a lr we;s njg" wëlaIKh lr we;s njg fyda kshdukh lr we;s njg o" mk;g
wkqj ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn`oj iy jdr®;d ;nd .ekSfï wjYH;djhkag wkql+, jk mshjr mj;sk njg mshjr f.k
we;s njg iEySug m;aùu l< hq;= h'
62' ^1& ;=kajeks mdr®Yajhla u; rπ mj;sk iEu uQ,H wdh;khla fj; u(
^w& uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg tfrys ùfï iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï m%;sm;a;sj, l%fudamdh
W!k;d mj;sk rgj,a jYfhka uQ,H ldr®h idOl n,ldh úiska y∫kd f.k we;s rgj,a o we;=Æj cd;Hka;r
uQ,H moaO;sh flfrys we;s uqo,a úY=oaêlrK wj∞ku fyda ;%ia;jd° lghq;= i|yd uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞ku
wju ls¯ug yelshdj iys; wNHka;r m%;sm;a;s iy ldr®h mámdá ;sìh hq;= h·
^wd& ;=kajeks mdr®Yajhl rg ksYaph ls¯fï °" rfgys wj∞kï uÜgu ms<sn| mj;sk úia;r ms<sn| i,ld ne,sh
hq;= h'
63' my; ±lafjk wjia:djk ,°" tlu uQ,H iuQy jHdmdrfha fyda iud.ï iuQyhl fldgialrejl= jkakd jQ ;=kajk
mdr®Yjhla u; rπ mj;sk iEu uQ,H wdh;khla iïnkaOfhka u" 61 jk iy 62 jk ¯;sj, i|yka úêúOdk w∞< úh
hq;= h(
^w& w∞< ,sÅ; kS;s m%ldrj" ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjr w∞< lr .ekSfï ° iy jdr®;d ;nd .ekSfï wjYH;d bgq
ls¯fï ° iy uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg tfrys ùfï iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï jevigyka
l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk wjia:djl °·
^wd& ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjr l%shd;aul ls¯u iy jdr®;d ;eîfï wjYH;d fukau iuQy uÜgñka uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg
tfrys ùfï fyda ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhsu uevmeje;aùfï jevigyka l%shd;aul ls¯fï °" uQ,H nqoaê
tallh úiska fyda fjk;a w∞< wêld˙hla úiska wëlaIK lghq;= mj;ajkq ,nk wjia:djl °·
^we& 57 jeks ¯;sfha i|yka by< wj∞kï iys; rgl msysgd we;s hï ;=kajeks mdr®Yajhla fya;=fjka WmÑ; jk hï
wj∞kula" iuQy jHdmdrfha uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg tfrys ùfï fyda ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï wNHka;r
m%;sm;a;sj,ska uqÆukskau wju lrkq ,nk wjia:djl °'

˚˚˚ fldgi
wkqrEmS nexl= lghq;=
64' ^1& ^fuys ñka u;= §wkqrEmS nexl=j¶ hkqfjka i|yka lrkq ,nk& j.ùfï nexl= fj; wkqrEmS nexl= fiajd imhkq ,nk
iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u" j.ùfï nexl=j, .sKqï yryd we;s jk uqo,a úY=oaêlrK wj∞ku iy ;%ia;jdoh
fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞ku ^W∞( fI,a (Shell) nexl= úiska Ndú; lrkq ,eîu& ukd f,i l<ukdlrKh
ls¯ug wjYH ishÆ mshjr .kq ,eìh hq;= h'
^2& ta wkqj" iEu wkqrEmS nexl=jla úiska u my; ±lafjk mshjr .ekSu u.ska j.ùfï nexl=fõ fhda.H;djh ms<sn|
;lafiare lrkq ,eìh hq;= h(-
^w& my; ±lafjk lreKq we;=Æj j.ùfï nexl=fõ jHdmdr lghq;=j, iajNdjh ukdj wjfndaO lr .ekSu i|yd
j.ùfï nexl=j ms<sn| m%udKj;a f;dr;=re /ials¯u(
^⁄& uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg tfrys ùu iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùu ms<sn| j.ùfï
nexl=fõ wNHka;r m%;sm;a;sh·
^⁄⁄& j.ùfï nexl=fõ l<ukdlrKh iy ysñldr;ajh ms<sn| úia;r·
^⁄⁄⁄& m%Odk jHdmdr lghq;=·
^⁄¤& N+f.da,Sh jYfhka msysá rg" l,dmh fyda ,sms lghq;=j,g w∞< rg·
^¤& uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu iy wkdjrKh lr .ekSu i|yd jQ mshjr·
^¤⁄& .sKqfï fyda fiajdfõ wruqK·
^¤⁄⁄& wkqrEmS nexl= fiajd Ndú; lrkq ,nk hï ;=kajeks mdr®Yajhl wkkH;djh ^W∞( .sKqï yryd f.ùï
l< hq;= wjia:dj, °&·
^¤⁄⁄⁄& j.ùfï nexl=j msysá rfgys nexl= úêu;a ls¯fï iy wëlaIKh ls¯fï uÜgu'

III fldgi - 50 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

^wd& j.ùfï nexl=j uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn| fyda ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSu ms<sn| úur®Ykhlg fyda
kshduk lghq;a;lg Ndckh ù ;sfí o hkak ms<sn| lreKq o we;=`Mj" fmd≥ uQ,dY% udr®.fhka j.ùfï
nexl=fõ lSr®;skduh o" m%dfhda.slj yels;dla ≥rg j.ùfï nexl=j ms<sn| mj;sk wëlaIKfha ;;a;ajh o
ksYaph ls¯u -
^we& j.ùfï nexl=fõ uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg tfrys ùfï l%u iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï
l%u ;lafiare ls¯u iy j.ùfï nexl=j l%shd;aul jk rfgys fyda l,dmfha uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg tfrys
iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï mshjr ms<sn| ie,ls,a,g f.k" tu ;lafiare ls¯u
m%udKj;a iy ldr®hlaIu fõ o hkak ms<sn| úuid ne,Su·
^wE& tla tla nexl=fõ w∞< uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg tfrys ùfï iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï
j.lSu meye†,sj wjfndaO lr .ekSu iy jdr®;d ls¯u· iy
^b& kj wkqrEmS nexl= iïnkaO;dj,g we;=<;a ùug fmr" j.ùfï nexl=fõ md,k uKav,fha wkqu;h ,nd
.ekSu'
65' §f;jk mdr®Yaùh f.ùï i|yd jk wkqrEmS .sKqïj,g¶ w∞<j j.ùfï nexl=j úiska -
^w& wkqrEmS nexl=fõ .sKqï i|yd iDcq m%fõYhla iys; iajlSh .kqfokqlrejka iïnkaOfhka ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn|
mshjr wkq.ukh lr we;s njg· iy
^wd& b,a,Sula ls¯fuka miqj wkqrEmS nexl=j fj; w∞< ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| f;dr;=re iemhSug yelshdjla we;s njg·
wkqrEmS nexl=j iEySug m;a úh hq;= h'
66' iEu wkqrEmS nexl=jla úiska u 57 jeks ¯;sfha i|yka by< wj∞kï iys; rgj, msysgd we;s nexl= fyda uQ,H wdh;kh
iu`. wkqrEmS nexl= iïnkaO;dj,g we;=<;a jk fyda wkqrEmS nexl= iïnkaO;d wLKavj mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk úg °"
m%jr®ê; ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjr w∞< lr .kq ,eìh hq;= h'
67' ^1& lsis≥ wkqrEmS nexl=jla úiska fI,a nexl=jla iu`. wkqrEmS nexl= iïnkaO;dj,g t<eöu fyda tfia wkqrEmS nexl=
iïnkaO;d mj;ajdf.k hdu fkdl< hq;= h'
^2& wkqrEmS nexl= fiajd iemhSfï °" tys j.lSfï uQ,H wdh;k úiska iajlSh .sKqï fI,a nexl= úiska Ndú; lrkq
fkd,nk njg wkqrEmS nexl=j iEySug m;ajk m˙† wkqrEmS nexl=j úiska u fhda.H mshjr .kq ,eìh hq;= h'
˚ fldgi
úoHq;a fm%aIK
68' úoaHq;a fm%aIKj, ° kfudaoa†Iag ;eke;a;ka yd wia;S;a;aj u; iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u" tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wdrlaIl
uKav,fha iïu; fhdackd wxl 1267 iy 1373 iy ta fhdackdj, hï wkqm%dma;sl fhdackd o we;=`Mj" ;%ia;jdoh iy
;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSu je<elaùu iy uevmeje;aùug w∞<j 2012 uehs ui 15 jeks †k wxl 1758$19 ork w;s
úfYaI .eiÜ m;%fha m< lrkq ,enQ 2012 wxl 1 ork tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ksfhda.j, iy 2012 uehs ui 31 jeks †k wxl
1760$40 ork w;s úfYaI .eiÜ m;%fha m< lrkq ,enQ 2012 wxl 2 ork tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ksfhda.j, ksYaÑ;j olajd we;s
ne£ïj,g wkqj l%shdúrys; ls¯fï mshjr o ;ykï ls¯ï o" is≥ l, hq;= h'
69' wka;rdNsuqL fm%aIK iu. ,efnk f.da,Sh wka;r® nexl= uQ,H ú≥,s ixfoaY i|yd jQ ix.ï ms◊úv ^SWIFT m◊úv& iEu
uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u .kqfokqj is≥ l< †k isg wjqre≥ yhl ld,iSudjla i|yd iqrlaIs;j ;nd .; hq;= h'
úOdk lrkq ,nk uQ,H wdh;kh
70' iEu úOdk lrkq ,nk uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u" remsh,a ,laIhlg iudk fyda Bg jeä jákdlula iys; fyda úfoaY
jHjydr uqo,ska Bg iudk jákdlula iys; ishÆ foaY iSud yryd lrkq ,nk úoHq;a fm%aIK iu`. iEuúgu my; i|yka
f;dr;=re ;sfnk njg j.n,d .; hq;= h(
^w& wdrïNl .kqfokqlref.a f;dr;=re(
^i& wdrïNl .kqfokqlref.a ku·
^ii& .kqfokqj is≥ ls¯u i|yd wdrïNl .sKqï wxlhla Ndú; lrkq ,nk wjia:djl †" wdrïNl .sKqfï wxlh
fyda .sKqula fkdue;s wjia:djl °" .kqfokq igyka kej; ,nd .ekSug bv i,ik úfYaIs; .kqfokq fhduq
wxlhla· iy
^iii& wdrïNl .kqfokqlref.a ,smskh" cd;sl ye∫kqïm;a wxlh fyda w∞< jk fjk;a ´kEu .kqfokqldr y∫kd
.ekSfï wxlhla·
^wd& m%;s,dNshdf.a f;dr;=re(
^i& m%;s,dNshdf.a ku· iy
^ii& .kqfokqj is≥ ls¯u i|yd m%;s,dNS .sKqï wxlhla Ndú; lrkq ,nk wjia:djl °" m%;s,dNS .sKqï wxlh fyda
.sKqï wxlhla fkdue;s wjia:djl °" .kqfokqfõ igyka kej; ,nd .ekSu i|yd bv i,ik úfYaIs;
.kqfokq fhduq wxlhla'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 51

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

71' ;ks wdrïNl .kqfokqlrejl=f.ka ,efnk foaY iSud yryd is≥ jk ;ks úoHq;a fm%aIK lSmhla m%;s,dNSka i|yd iïfm%aIKh
ls¯ug ldKav ,smsf.dkqjl /ia lr we;s wjia:djl °" m%;s,dNS rg ;=< wjYH iy ksjer† wdrïNl .kqfokqlref.a
f;dr;=re iy iïmQr®K m%;s,dNshdf.a f;dr;=re iïmQr®Kfhka kej; ,nd.; yels m˙† ldKav ,smsf.dkqfõ wka;r®.; úh
hq;= w;r" ta i|yd wdrïNl .kqfokqlref.a .sKqï wxlh fyda úfYaIs; .kqfokq fhduq wxlhla we;=<;a úh hq;= h'
72' iEu úOdk lrkq ,nk uQ,H wdh;khlg u uqo,a úY=oaêlrK wj∞kula fyda ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï
wj∞kula ms<sn| ielhla we;sjk wjia:djl °" iajlSh .kqfokqlrejkag w∞< f;dr;=re ta wdh;kh úiska ;yjqre lr
.; hq;= h'
73' foaYSh úoHq;a fm%aIK iïnkaOfhka jk úg" úoHq;a fm%aIKh iu`. jQ f;dr;=re" fjk;a wdldrhlska m%;s,dNS uQ,H wdh;khg
iy w∞< wêld¯kag ,nd °ug yels kï ñi" ta f;dr;=rej," foaY iSud yryd is≥ lrk úoHq;a fm%aIK i|yd olajd we;s
wdldrhg u wdrïNl .kqfokqlref.a f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug úOdk lrkq ,nk uQ,H wdh;kh j.n,d .; hq;= h'
74' ^1& fjk;a wdldrhlska m%;s,dNS uQ,H wdh;khg iy w∞< wêld¯kag foaYSh úoHq;a fm%aIK iu`. jQ f;dr;=re ,nd
†h yels wjia:djl °" tu wxlh u.ska wdrïNl .kqfokqlreg fyda m%;s,dNshdg .kqfokqfõ igyka kej; ,nd
.ekSug bv ,efnk m˙† .sKqï wxlhla fyda úfYaIs; .kqfokq fhduq wxlhla úOdk lrkq ,nk uQ,H wdh;kh
úiska we;=<;a lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
^2& m%;s,dNS uQ,H wdh;kfhka fyda w∞< wêld˙fhka b,a,Sula ,eîfuka miqj" úOdk lrkq ,nk uQ,H wdh;kh úiska
m%dfhda.slj yels ;rï blaukska f;dr;=re imhkq ,eìh hq;=h'
75' iEu úOdk lrkq ,nk uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u mk; m%ldrj wdrïNl .kqfokqlref.a iy m%;s,dNshdf.a ishÆ f;dr;=re
/ialr mj;ajdf.k hd hq;= h'
76' úoHq;a fm%aIKhla iïnkaOfhka 70 isg 75 olajd jQ ¯;sj, ^tu ¯;s fol o we;=`Mj& ksYaÑ;j olajd we;s wjYH;dj,g
wkqj l%shd ls¯u hï úOdk ls¯fï uQ,H wdh;khla úiska wfmdfydi;a ù we;s wjia:djl °" uQ,H nqoaê tallh úiska tfia
is≥ ls¯ug úOdk lr we;akï ñi" tjeks uQ,H wdh;khla úiska úoHq;a fm%aIKh ;j≥rg;a is≥ fkdl< hq;= w;r w∞<
.kqfokqj iel lghq;= .kqfokqjla f,i i,ld th uQ,H nqoaê tallh fj; jdr®;d ls¯u i,ld ne,sh hq;= h'
w;rue† uQ,H wdh;kh
77' w;rue† uQ,H wdh;khla jYfhka úoHq;a fm%aIKj, fh° isák iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u" foaY iSud yryd is≥jk
úoHq;a fm%aIK iu`. jk ishÆ wdrïNl .kqfokqldr iy m%;s,dNS f;dr;=re úoHq;a fm%aIK" m◊jqvh iu`. ;nd .ekSug
j.n,d .; hq;= h'
78' ;dlaI◊l iSud ls¯ï foaY iSud yryd úoHq;a fm%aIKhla iu`. jk wjYH wdrïNl .kqfokqldr fyda m%;s,dNS f;dr;=re"
wdY%s; foaYSh úoHq;a fm%aIKhla iu`. ;nd .ekSu j<lajkq ,nk wjia:djl °" úOdk ls¯fï uQ,H wdh;kfhka fyda fjk;a
w;rue† uQ,H wdh;khlska ,efnk ishÆ f;dr;=re wju jYfhka wjqre≥ yhl ld,hla i|yd jdr®;d.; lr ;eìh hq;=h'
79' wjYH jk wdrïNl .kqfokqldr f;dr;=re fyda wjYH jk m%;s,dNS f;dr;=rej, wvqmdvq iys;j foaY iSud yryd is≥ lrk
úoHq;a fm%aIK y∫kd .ekSu i|yd" iEu w;rue† uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u úoHq;a f.ùï l%shdj,sh iu`. wkql+, jkakd jQ
idOdrK mshjr .kq ,eìh hq;=h'
80' ^w& wjYH jk wdrïNl .kqfokqldr f;dr;=rej, fyda m%;s,dNS f;dr;=rej," wvqmdvq we;s úg úoHq;a fm%aIKhla
l%shd;aul lrkq ,nkafka" m%;slafIam lrkq ,nkafka fyda w;aysgjkq ,nkafka ljr wjia:djl o hkak· iy
^wd& fhda.H miqj wkq.ukh l< hq;= l%shdudr®.h ljfr®o hkak'
ksYaph ls¯fï ° iEu w;rue† uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u wj∞ku mokï jQ wNHka;r m%;sm;a;s iy ldr®h mámdá wkq.ukh
lrkq ,eìh hq;=h'
m%;s,dNS uQ,H wdh;kh
81' wjYH wdrïNl .kqfokqldr f;dr;=rej, fyda wjYH m%;s,dNS f;dr;=rej, wvqmdvq iys;j foaY iSud yryd is≥ lrk úoHq;a
fm%aIK y∫kd .ekSu i|yd yels wjia:dj, °" iEu m%;s,dNS uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u mYapd;a - is≥ùï kshdukh fyda ksis
- ld,Sk is≥ùï kshdukh we;=`Mj idOdrK mshjr .kq ,eìh hq;= h'
82' remsh,a ,laI tlla fyda Bg jeä uqo,l ke;fyd;a úfoaY jHjydr uqo,ska Bg iudk uqo,a m%udKhl foaY iSud yryd is≥
lrk úoHq;a fm%aIKj, ° m%;s,dNshdf.a wkkH;dj l,ska ;yjqre lr mj;ajdf.k hdu lr fkdue;s kï" m%;s,dNS uQ,H
wdh;kh úiska m%;s,dNshdf.a wkkH;djh ;yjqre lr .; hq;= h'
83' ^w& wjYH jk wdrïNl .kqfokqldr f;dr;=rej, fyda m%;s,dNS f;dr;=rej," wvqmdvq we;s úg úoHq;a fm%aIKhla
l%shd;aul lrkq ,nkafka" m%;slafIam lrkq ,nkafka fyda w;aysgjkq ,nkafka ljr wjia:djl o hkak· iy
^wd& fhda.H miqj wkq.ukh l< hq;= l%shdudr®.h ljfr® o hkak'
ksYaph ls˙u i|yd iEu m%;s,dNS uQ,H wdh;khla i|yd u wj∞ku mokï jQ wNHka;r m%;sm;a;s yd ldr®hmámdá wkq.ukh
lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'

III fldgi - 52 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

uqo,a fyda jákdlï mej¯ï fiajd imhkakka

84' ^fuys ñka u;= §tï' ù' à' tia'¶ hkqfjka i|yka lrkq ,nk& iEu uqo,a fyda jákdlï mej¯fï fiajd imhkakl= úiska
u" tï'ù'à'tia' iemhqïlre iy tys ksfhda‚;hka l%shd;aul jk ishÆ rgj,aj," iajlSh ksfhda‚;hkaf.a ,ehsia;=jla
mj;ajdf.k hd hq;= h'
85' ksfhda‚;hska Ndú;d lrkq ,nk iEu tï' ù' à' tia' iemhqïlrejl= u úiska u iajlSh uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg tfrys ùfï
fyda ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï wNHka;r m%;sm;a;sfhys tu ksfhda‚;hka we;=<;a l< hq;= w;r
m%;sm;a;shg wkql+,j Tjqka kshdukh lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
86' iDcqju fyda Y%S ,xldfõ isák iajlSh ksfhda‚;hka yryd l%shd;aul ùfï °" iEu tï' ù' à' tia' iemhqïlrejl= úiska u
úoHq;a fm%aIKj, ksis Woafhda.h i|yd w∞< jk úêúOdkj,g wkqj l%shd lrkq ,eìh hq;= w;r" iDcqj fyda úfoaYSh rgl
isák iajlSh ksfhda‚;hska yryd l%shd;aul ùfï °" w∞< wêld˙hla úiska ksl=;a lrkq ,nk iudk kshuhkag wkqj l%shd
lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
87' úoHq;a fm%aIKhl úOdk ls¯fï .kqfokqlre fukau m%;s,dNS .kqfokqlre o md,kh lrkq ,nk tï' ù' à' tia' iemhqïlrejl=
iïnkaOfhka jk úg -
^w& iel lghq;= .kqfokq jdr®;djla f.dkq ls¯ug wjYH fõ o hkak ksYaph ls¯u i|yd úOdk lrk .kqfokqlref.ka
iy m%;s,dNS .kqfokqlref.ka ,efnk ishÆ w∞< f;dr;=re ie,ls,a,g .kq ,eìh hq;= h· iy
^wd& iel lghq;= úoHq;a fm%aIKhla y∫kd .ekSfï °" uQ,H nqoaê tallh fj; iel lghq;= .kqfokq jdr®;djla f.dkq
lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
88' ^1& idudkH uqo,a iïfm%aIK fiajd iy widudkH iy wëlaIKh fkdl< cd, fyda hdka;%K yryd tla N+f.da,Sh
l,dmhl isg ;j;a N+f.da,Sh l,dmhla olajd uqo,a fyda jákdlï fm%aIKh lrkq ,nk fjk;a úl,am uqo,a fyda
jákdlï mej¯ï l%u ^W∞( yqkaä" yjd,d hkd†h& w;r meye†,s fjkila mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd iEu uQ,H wdh;khla
úiska u úfYaI mQr®j wdrlaIK mshjr wkq.ukh lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
^2& tjeks uqo,a fyda jákdlï mej¯ï l%uj,g w∞< wruqo,aj, uQ,dY% úuid ne,Su i|yd uQ,H wdh;kh úiska idOdrK
mshjr .kq ,eìh hq;= w;r" uQ,H nqoaê tallh fj; iel lghq;= .kqfokq jdr®;djla f.dkq lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'

 fldgi
jdr®;d ;nd .ekSu
89' ixlSr®K iy widudkH f,i úYd, .kqfokqj, miqìu iy ldr®hh ;yjqre lr .ekSu i|yd lrk ,o hï úYaf,aIKj,
m%;sM, we;=`Mj" iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u tu .kqfokq iïmQr®K ls¯fï †k isg wju jYfhka wjqre≥ yhl ld,hla
i|yd foaYSh iy cd;Hka;r .kqfokq ms<sn| ishÆ jdr®;d mj;ajdf.k hd hq;= h'
90' wjYH wjia:dj, ° idlaIs jYfhka wêlrKhla fj; b†˙m;a ls¯ug yelsjk m˙†" .kqfokqj, iajNdjh iy †kh" w∞<
uqof,a iajNdjh iy jHjydr uqo,a jr®.h o" .kqfokqjg w∞< hï .sKqul y∫kd .ekSfï wxlh o we;=`Mj ;ks ;ksj
.kqfokq kej; ilia l< yels m˙† jdr®;d m%udKj;a úh hq;= h' .kqfokq jdr®;d f,aLk wdldrfhka" bf,lafg%dksl
wdldrfhka" laIqø mg fyda fjk;a wdldrhlska fyda wêlrKhl idlaIshla jYfhka wfõYH lr.kq ,eìh yels fjk;a
wdldrhlska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,eìh hq;= h'
91' y∫kd .ekSfï f,aLkj," msgm;a" .sKqï újD; ls¯fï wdlD;s m;%" .kqfokqlre y∫kd .ekSu wdY%s; f,aLk" ;yjqre ls¯fï
f,aLk iy .sKqï ,smsf.dkq jdr®;d iy jHdmd˙l ,sms iu`. fjk;a f,aLk jeks ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| l%shdj,sh ;=<ska ,nd
.kakd y∫kd .ekSfï o;a;j, jdr®;d jHdmdr iïnkaO;djh bgq l< †k isg fyda ks;H fkdjk .kqfokqj is≥ jQ †k isg
wdrïN jk m˙† wju jYfhka wjqre≥ yhl ld,iSudjla i|yd mj;ajdf.k hd hq;= h'
92' jdr®;d hdj;ald,Skj mj;ajdf.k hkq ,eìh hq;= w;r tajd uq,a f,aLk jYfhka fyda uQ,H wdh;kfha iy;slh iys;j
msgm;a jYfhka ;eìh hq;= h'
93' .kqfokq" .kqfokqlrejka fyda .sKqï hï kvq mej¯ulg fyda wêlrKhlg fyda fjk;a w∞< wêld˙hlg b†˙m;a ls¯ug
wjYH jk wjia:djl °" iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u" by; lS jdr®;d Bg jeä ld,hla ;nd.; hq;= h'
94' ^1& ishÆ ksis Woafhda.hg w∞< f;dr;=re iy .kqfokq jdr®;d w∞< foaYSh wêld˙h fj; iy uQ,H nqoaê tallh fj;
jydu ,nd†h yels njg iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u j.n,d .; hq;= h'
^2& fuu ¯;sfha ldr®hh i|yd" w∞< foaYSh wêld˙h hkafkka(-
^w& uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg tfrys ùfï iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï kfudaoa†Iag j.lSï
iys; ^jHjia:dms; n,;, iys; iajdëk rdcH fkdjk wêld˙hla jYfhka msysgqjd we;s wëlaIK wêld˙hla
we;=`Mj& hï rdcH wêld˙hla·
^wd& uqo,a úY=oaêlrK jro iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï jro wdY%s; jroj,a úur®Ykh ls¯fï iy ta
iïnkaOj kvq mej¯fï lghq;= bgq lrkq ,nk iy tjeks jer†j,g w∞< j;alï ;ykug .ekSfï fyda l%shd
úrys; ls¯fï iy rdcika;l ls¯fï lghq;= bgq lrkq ,nk hï wêld˙hla· iy
^we& jHjydr uqo,a foaY iSud yryd m%jdykh ls¯u ms<sn| jdr®;d ,nd .kakd hï wêld˙hla"
woyia fõ'

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2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

˚ fldgi
úúO úêúOdk
95' tlai;a cd;Skaf.a iïfï,kfha wdrlaIl uKav,fha iïu; jQ fhdackd wxl 1267 iy 1373 o" tu fhdackdj, wkqm%dma;sl
fhdackd o we;=`Mj" ;%ia;jdoh iy ;%ia;jd° lghq;= i|yd uqo,a iemhSu je<elaùu iy uevmeje;aùug w∞<j 2012 uehs
ui 15 jeks †k wxl 1785$19 ork w;s úfYaI .eiÜ m;%fha m< lrkq ,enQ 2012 wxl 1 ork tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ksfhda.
iy 2012 uehs ui 31 jeks †k wxl 1760$40 ork w;s úfYaI .eiÜ m;%fha m< lrkq ,enQ 2012 wxl 2 ork tlai;a
cd;Skaf.a ksfhda.j,g wkqj ksl=;a lrkq ,enQ hï iel lghq;= ;%ia;jd° ,ehsia;=jl fyda wj∞kï ,ehsia;=jl hï
wfmalaIs; .kqfokqlrejl= fyda m%;s,dNshl= we;=<;aj isà o hkak ms<sn|j iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u ;yjqre lr .kq
,eìh hq;= h'
96' b,aÆïm;%fha ,nd ° we;s ia:ßr ,smskh .sKqu újD; ls¯u i|yd jQ b,a,Su ,nd .kakd YdLdfjka ≥ria:j msysá ia:dkhl
msysáhd jQ wfmalaIs; .kqfokqlrejl= iïnkaOfhka jk úg" uQ,H wdh;kh úiska .sKqu újD; ls¯u ms<sn|j wffOr®hu;a
ls¯u fyda m%;slafIam ls¯u is≥ l, hq;= w;r jdr®;d.; lr ;eîu i|yd ms<s.; yels iy j,x.= fya;=jla ,nd ° we;akï
ñi" .kqfokqlref.a m†xÑ ia:dkhg fyda jHdmd˙l ia:dkhg wdikak;u YdLdfõ .sKqu újD; lrk f,i uQ,H wdh;kh
úiska wfmalaIs; .kqfokqlref.ka b,a,d isáh hq;= h'
97' tla .kqfokqlrefjl= úiska tlu uQ,H wdh;khl .sKqï folla fyda jeä .Kkla újD; lrkq ,nk wjia:djl °" ishÆ
.sKqï iïnkaOfhka wLKavj ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| lghq;= mj;ajdf.k hdug yels jkq ms◊i tjeks .sKqï újD; ls¯u
iïnkaOfhka jQ úfYaIs; fya;=j uQ,H wdh;kh úiska jdr®;d lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'
98' 2011 udr®;= ui 28 jeks †k wxl 1699$10 ork w;s úfYaI .eiÜ m;%fha m< lrkq ,enQ 2011 wxl 1 ork n,m;%,dNS nexl=
iy ,shdm†xÑ uQ,H iud.ï ^.kqfokqlre y∫kd .ekSfï (KYC) iy .kqfokqlre ms<sn| Woafhda.fhka l%shdls¯fï (CDD)
¯;s ta hgf;a l,ska lrk ,o lsisjlg w.;shla fkdue;sj fuhska m˙ɉkak lrkq ,efí&'
99' fuu ¯;sj, -
§m%;s,dNshd¶ hkafkka wruqo,a hjkq ,nkafka fyda ;ekam;a lrkq ,nkafka hï ;eke;a;l=g o ke;fyd;a hï ;eke;a;l=f.a
m%;s,dNh ms◊i o" tjeks hï ;eke;a;l= woyia jk w;r thg m%;s,dNS uQ,H wdh;khla o we;=<;a fõ·
§m%;s,dNS uQ,H wdh;kh¶ hkafkka úOdk ls¯fï wdh;kfhka iDcqj fyda w;rue† uQ,H wdh;khla yryd fyda úoHq;a
fm%aIK ,nd .kakd jQ iy m%;s,dNS .kqfokqlre fj; wruqo,a ,nd fokakd jQ hï wdh;khla woyia fõ·
§m%;s,dNS whs;slre¶ hkafkka .kqfokqlrejl=f.a w;Hka; ysñldr;ajh fyda md,kh iys; iajdNdúl ;eke;a;l=" ke;fyd;a
.kqfokqj mj;ajkq ,nkafka hï ;eke;a;l=f.a m%;s,dNh i|yd o ta ;eke;a;d woyia jk w;r hï ;eke;a;l=f.a fyda
ffk;sl jevms<sfj,l il%Sh f,i w;Hka; md,kh orkq ,nk ;eke;a;l= o Bg we;=<;a fõ·
§wOHlaI uKav,h¶ hkafkka Y%S ,xldfjka neyerj ixia:d.; lrk ,o hï uQ,H wdh;khla iïnkaOfhka jk úg" tu
uQ,H wdh;kfha fcHIaG l<ukdld˙;ajh wêld˙h woyia fõ·
§.kqfokqlre¶ hkakg" .kqfokqjla fyda .sKqula iïnkaOfhka jk úg"
^w& .kqfokqjla fyda .sKqula ilia ls¯u" újD; ls¯u fyda Ndr .ekSu lrkq ,nkafka hï ;eke;a;l=f.a kñka o tjeks
;eke;a;l=·
^wd& hï .kqfokqjl fyda .sKqul w;aikalrejl=·
^we& .kqfokqjla Ndr fokq ,enQ fyda mjrkq ,en we;af;a hï ;eke;a;l= fj; o tjeks ;eke;a;l=·
^wE& .kqfokqjla mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd n,h ,nd ° we;s hï ;eke;a;l=· fyda
^b& kshu lrkq ,eìh yels fjk;a hï ;eke;a;l="
we;=<;a fõ'
§wkqrEmS nexl= lghq;=¶ hkakg" tla nexl=jla ^wkqrEmS nexl=j& úiska ;j;a nexl=jla ^j.ùfï nexl=j& fj; uqo,a
l<ukdlrKh we;=`M nexl= fiajd iemhSu' ^W∞(- úúO jHjydr uqo,aj,ska fmd<sh orkq ,nk .sKqï" cd;Hka;r úoHq;a
mej¯ï" fplam;a ksYaldIKh" .sKqï yryd f.ùï iy úfoaY úksuh yqjudre fiajd jeks úYd, mrdihl fiajd iemhSu
u.ska f,dalh mqrd mj;sk úYd, nexl= m%udKhla i|yd úYd, cd;Hka;r nexl= wkqrEmS nexl=jla jYfhka ks;r l%shd lrkq
,eîu&·
§ióm wdY%s;hka¶ hkakg"
^w& ffk;sl wdia:ß;ajj, iy ffk;sl jevms<sfj,j, yjq,a m%;s,dNS iïnkaO;djh fyda fjk;a hï ióm jHdmdr
iïnkaO;d iys; iajNdúl ;eke;a;l=" iy
^wd& m%;s,dNS whs;slre iajdNdúl ;eke;a;l= jkakd jQ o" tu ;eke;a;d fyda Tyqf.a mjqf,a ióm idud‚lhkaf.a m%;s,dNh
fjkqfjka ilia lr we;s f,i i,lkq ,nkakd jQ o hï ffk;sl ;eke;a;l= fyda ffk;sl jevms<sfj,la'
we;=<;a fõ'
§md,k iïnkaO;djh¶ hkafkka hï uQ,H wdh;khl m%d.aOkfhka ishhg oyhlg jeä m%udKhla iemhSu u.ska WmÑ;
jk hï iïnkaO;djhla woyia fõ·

III fldgi - 54 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

§iud.ï mk;¶ hkafkka 2007 wxl 7 ork iud.ï mk; woyia fõ·
§j;auka .kqfokqlre¶ hkafkka fuu ¯;s n,d;aul jk †k fyda t†kg fmr jHdmdr iïnkaO;d wdrïN lr we;s
.kqfokqlrejl= woyia fõ·
§uQ,H ldr®h idOl n,ldh¶ hkafkka uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg" ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSug iy iuQy úkdY is≥ jk
wú wdhqO i|yd uqo,a iemhSug tfrys ùfï m%;sm;a;s ixjr®Ok iy m%jr®Ok lr f.da,Sh uQ,H moaO;sh wdrlaId ls¯u i|yd
jk iajdëk wka;r® rdcH wdh;khla woyia fõ·
§uQ,H iuQy jHdmdrh¶ hkafkka· mS;D iud.ug hg;a YdLd iy md,s; iud.ï iu`.ska uqo,a úY=oaêlrKhg tfrys ùu iy
;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùu hgf;a jk m%;sm;a;s iy ldr®h mámdá w∞< lr .ekSu ms<sn|j iduQyslj
wëlaIKh ls¯u i|yd" iuQy jHdmdrfha fiiq iud.ï md,kh ls¯u iy iïnkaëlrKh ls¯u bgq lrkq ,nk mS;D iud.
ulska fyda fjk;a hï wdldrhl ffk;sl ;eke;af;l=f.ka iukaú; jk iud.ï iuQyhla woyia fõ·
§uqo,a iud.u¶ hkafkka 2011 wxl 42 ork uqo,a jHdmdr mk; hgf;a n,m;%,dNS hï iud.ula woyia fõ·
§mjqf,a ióm idud‚lhd¶ hkakg l,;%hd" orejka iy Tjqkaf.a l,;%hka fyda iylrejka fyda iyld˙hka" foudmshka"
ifydaor ifydao˙hka iy Tjqkaf.a l,;%hka iy uqKnqre ñ◊ms˙hka iy Tjqkaf.a l,;%hka we;=<;a fõ·
§w;rue† uQ,H wdh;kh¶ hkafkka úOdk ls¯fï uQ,H wdh;kh" m%;s,dNS uQ,H wdh;kh fyda fjk;a w;rue† wdh;khla
fjkqfjka úoHq;a fm%aIKhla ,nd f.k fm%aIKh lrkakd jQ f.ùï cd,hl hï wdh;khla woyia fõ·
§ffk;sl ;eke;a;d¶ hkafkka uQ,H wdh;khla iu`. ia:ßr .kqfokqldr iïnkaO;djhla ;yjqre ls¯ug yelshdj we;s
fyda wkHdldrhlska foam< wh;a jk hï iajdNdúl ;eke;a;l= fkdjk wdia:ß;ajhla woyia jk w;r" thg iud.ula"
ixia:djla" mokula" yjq,a jHdmdrhla fyda ix.uhla we;=<;a fõ·
§ffk;sl jevms<sfj,¶ hkakg m%ldYs; Ndrhla" Ndrldr;aj .sKqula fyda kdñlhl= we;=<;a fõ·
§n,m;%,dNS nexl=j¶ hkakg 1988 wxl 30 ork nexl= mk; hgf;a n,m;%,dNS hï jd◊c nexl=jla iy úfYaIs; nexl=jla
woyia fõ·
§nyq;r fldgia ysñ md,s; iud.u¶ hkafkka iuQy jHdmdrfha fldgiaj,ska ishhg mkyla fyda jeä m%udKhla orkq ,nk
tu iuQy jHdmdrfha hï md,s; iud.ula woyia fõ·
§tï'ù'à'tia'¶ hkafkka ikaksfõokhla" m◊jqvhla" mej¯ula fyda w∞< uQ,H fiajd imhkakd wh;a jk ksYaldYk cd,hla
udr®.fhka uqo,a" fplam;a" fjk;a uQ,Huh idOk m;% fyda fjk;a jákdlï ixÑ; Ndrf.k uqo,ska fyda wkHdldrhlska
tu uqo,a m%udKh m%;s,dNshl=g f.jk wkqrEmS uQ,H fiajd woyia fõ' tu fiajfhka bgq lrkq ,nk .kqfokq i|yd tla
w;rue† .kqfokqjla fyda Bg jeä m%udKhla iy ;=kajk mdr®Yjhlg f.jkq ,nk wjidk f.ùula wka;r®.;jk w;r
thg hï kj f.ùï l%u o we;=<;a úh yelsh·
§uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh¶ hkafkka 2006 wxl 05 ork uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùfï mkf;a 3 jk j.ka;sh m%ldrj uqo,a
úY=oaêlrKh jro woyia fõ·
§úOdk lrkq ,nk uQ,H wdh;kh¶ hkafkka úoHq;a fm%aIK ldr®hh wdrïN lrkq ,nk iy wdrïN .kqfokqlre fjkqfjka
úoHq;a fm%aIKhla ls¯ug b,a,Sula ,eîfuka miqj" wruqo,a fm%aIKh lrkq ,nk hï wdh;khla woyia fõ·
§;eke;a;d¶ hkafkka iajdNdúl fyda ffk;sl ;eke;a;l= woyia jk w;r thg ixia:d.; lrk ,o fyda ixia:d.;
fkdlrk ,o mqoa., uKav,hla iy Y%S ,xldfjka msg; ixia:d.; lrk ,o fyda msysgqjk ,o YdLdjla we;=<;a fõ·
§foaYmd,k jYfhka wkdjrKh jQ ;eke;a;d¶ hkafkka foaYSh jYfhka fyda úfoaYSh rdcHhla úiska fyda cd;hka;r
ixúOdkhla úiska m%uqL rdcH lr®;jH mjrd we;s hï mqoa.,hl= woyia jk w;r thg hï rdcHhl fyda rchl" m%Odkshl="
foaYmd,k{hl=" fcHIaG rcfha ks,Orhl=" wêlrK ks,Orhl=" fyda yuq∞ ks,Od˙hl= fyda rch i;= ixia:djl" rcfha
fyda iajdëk wdh;khl fcHIaG úOdhl ks,Orhl= fyda woyia jk w;r" uOHu uÜgfï fyda lksIaG uÜgfï ;eke;a;ka
Bg we;=<;a fkdfõ·
§f;jk mdr®Yaùh f.ùï i|yd jk wkqremS .sKqï¶ hkafkka ;=kajk mdr®Yj úiska ;uka fjkqfjka jHdmd˙l lghq;= is≥
ls¯u i|yd ;=kajk mdr®Yj úiska iDcqju Ndú; lrkq ,nk wkqrEmS .sKqï woyia fõ·
§wj∞ku u; mokï jQ msúiqu¶ hkak uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh iy ;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞ku l<ukdlrKh
ls¯u iy wju ls¯u i|yd jQ ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjr w∞< lr .ekSu iïnkaOfhka jQ úg wvq wj∞kï uÜgula
iys; .kqfokqlrejka i|yd ir, lrk ,o ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjr Ndú;d ls¯u iy by< wj∞kï uÜgula iys;
.kqfokqlrejka i|yd m%jr®ê; ksis Woafhda.h ms<sn| mshjr Ndú;d ls¯u woyia fõ·
§iel lghq;= .kqfokq jdr®;dj¶ hkafkka mkf;a 7 jk j.ka;sh m%ldrj iel lghq;= .kqfokqjla fyda tjeks .kqfokqjla
i|yd ;e;a ls¯ula woyia fõ·
§fI,a nexl=j¶ hkafkka tu nexl=j ixia:d.; lr we;s iy ta i|yd n,m;% ° we;s rfgys fN!;sl jYfhka fmkS isàula
fkdue;a;d jQ o" iuia; il%Sh wëlaIKhg hg;a jkakd jQ kshdukh lrk ,o uQ,H iuQy jHdmdrhla iu`. taldnoaO
lr fkdue;s jQ o" nexl=jla woyia fõ' fN!;sl jYfhka fmks isàu hkakg rgla ;=< isáñka wjfndaOhlska hqla;j
l<ukdld˙;ajh bgq ls¯u ixhqla; jk w;r yqfola foaYSh ksfhda‚;fhl= fyda l<ukdld¯ fkdjk ldr®h uKav,hla
isàu ixhqla; fkdjkafkah·

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2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

§úoHq;a f.ùï l%shdj,sh¶ hkafkka fN!;slj l%shdld¯ ue†y;aùula wjYH fkdjkakd jQ o bf,lafg%dksl l%uhg is≥ lrkq
,nkakd jQ o f.ùï .kqfokq woyia fõ·
§;%ia;jdoh fjkqfjka uqo,a iemhSu¶ hkafkka 2005 wxl 25 ork ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï iïuq;s mk;
hgf;a jrola ixhqla; jk l%shdjla woyia fõ·
§.kqfokq jdr®;d ls¯fï iSudjg hg;a jQ jdr®;d¶ hkafkka mkf;a 6 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a jdr®;djla woyia fõ'

^27 jk j.ka;sh&
Wmf,aLkh
^1& ;ks mqoa., .kqfokqlrejka(-
^w& my; ±lafjk f;dr;=re ,nd.; hq;=h(-
^w1& ishÆ .kqfokqlrejka iïnkaOfhka jk úg -
(i) y∫kd .ekSfï f,aLkfha i|yka jk m˙† iïmQr®K ku·
(ii) .kqfokqlref.a PdhdrEmh we;=<;a jk ks, fm!oa.,sl ye∫kqïm; fyda fjk;a hï y∫kd .ekSfï
f,aLkhla ^W∞-cd;sl ye∫kqïm;" j,x.= .uka n,m;%h fyda j,x.= ˙h≥re n,m;%h&·
(iii) y∫kd .ekSfï f,aLkfha i|yka jk m˙† ia:ßr ,smskh" m†xÑ ,smskh" ia:ßr ,smskfha fjkia jkafka
kï" m†xÑ ,smskh udi ;=klg jvd mer◊ fkdjk Wmfhda.s;d ì,am;la wdOdrfhka fyda m†xÑh
;yjqre lrk fjk;a hï úYajikSh uQ,dY%hla u.ska ;yjqre lrkq ,eìh hq;= h' Wmfhda.s;d ì,am;a
f,i ú≥,s ì,am;" c, ì,am; iy ia:djr ≥rl:k l%shdlrejl=f.a ì,am; jYfhka ksYaÑ;j i|yka
lrkq ,eìh yels h' rchg whs;s jHjidhla fjkqfjka yer lsis≥ ;eme,a fmÜá wxlhla Ndr fkd.;
hq;= h' §whs;slre Ndrfha¶ hkak i|yka lrk wjia:djl °" foam< whs;slref.a leue;a; iy fjk;a
w∞< ,smskh ;yjqre lrk f,aLk ,nd .ekSu wjYH fõ·
(iv) ≥rl:k wxlh" µeisfï,a wxlh iy Bfï,a ,smskh ^;sfí kï&·
(v) Wmka †kh·
(vi) cd;sh·
(vii) /lshdj" jHdmdrh" ork ;k;=r iy fiajd fhdaclhdf.a ku iy w∞< jk N+f.da,Sh miqìu ^we;akï&·
(viii) .sKqï wdrïN lrkafka l=uk ldr®hhla i|yd o·
(ix) wfmalaIs; jHdmdr ms˙jegqu$jHdmdr Od˙;dj·
(x) .kqfokq ls¯ug wfmalaIs; wdldrh·
(xi) m%udKj;a iuqoafoaY ^w∞< fõ kï&· iy
^w2& wfkajdisl .kqfokqlrejka iïnkaOfhka jk úg(-
(i) Y%S ,xldfõ .sKqu wdrïN ls¯ug fya;=j·
(ii) Wmfoia ,nd °u i|yd n,h mjrd we;s ;eke;a;kaf.a fyda ;eke;a;kaf.a ku" ,smskh yd úfoaY .uka
n,m;%fha msgm;
^wd& my; ±lafjk f,aLk ,nd.; hq;= h' ^tla tla msgm; uq,a msgm; iu`. iiπ ;yjqre lrkq ,eìh hq;= h&(-
(i) y∫kd .ekSfï f,aLkfha msgm;·
(ii) ,smskh ;yjqre ls˙fï f,aLkj, msgm;·
(iii) úcd;sl .kqfokqlrejkaf.a .sKqï iïnkaOfhka jkúg" j,x.= ùid n,m;%fha$wjir m;%fha msgm;'
^2& ysñldr;aj$yjq,a jHdmdr .sKqï(
^w& my; ±lafjk f;dr;=re ,nd .; hq;= h(-
(i) jHdmdr ,shdm†xÑ ls˙fï f,aLkfha i|yka m˙† yjq,alrejkaf.a fyda whs;slrejkaf.a iïmQr®K kï·
(ii) jHdmdrfha iajNdjh·
(iii) m%Odk jHdmd˙l ia:dkfha ,shdm†xÑ ,smskh·
(iv) ;ks mqoa., .sKqïj,g w∞< jk m˙† whs;slref.a$yjq,alrejkaf.a y∫kd .ekSfï úia;r·
(v) iïnkaO lr .; yels ≥rl:k" µelaia wxl·
(vi) wd∞hï n≥ ,smsf.dkq wxlh·
(vii) ysñldr;aj md,kfha m%udKh·
(viii) fjk;a iïnkaê; jHdmdr iïnkaO;d·

III fldgi - 56 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

^wd& my; ±lafjk f,aLk ,nd.; hq;= h' ^tla tla msgm; uq,a msgm; iu`. iiπ ;yjqre lrkq ,eìh hq;= h&(-
(i) jHdmdr ,shdm†xÑ ls˙fï f,aLkfha msgm;·
(ii) whs;slref.a f;dr;=re$yjq,a jHdmdr Tmamqj·
(iii) y∫kd .ekSfï f,aLkfha iy ,smskh ;yjqre ls¯fï f,aLkj, msgm;a·
^3& ixia:d$j.lSfï iSñ; iud.ï(-
^w& my; ±lafjk f;dr;=re ,nd .; hq;= h(-
(i) wdh;kfha ,shdm†xÑ kduh iy jHdmdr ,shdm†xÑ ls˙fï wxlh·
(ii) jHdmdrfha iajNdjh iy wruqK·
(iii) m%Odk jHdmd˙l ia:dkfha ,shdm†xÑ ,smskh·
(iv) ;eme,a ,smskh ^we;akï&·
(v) ≥rl:k$µelaia$Bfï,a·
(vi) wd∞hï n≥ ,smsf.dkq wxlh·
(vii) nexl= iuqoafoaY ^w∞< fõ kï&·
(viii) ;ks mqoa., .kqfokqlrejka iïnkaOfhka jk úg" ishÆ wOHlaIjrekaf.a wkkH;djh·
(ix) ishhg oyhlg jeä ialkaO m%d.aOk iïnkaO;djhla we;s m%Odk fldgia ysñhkaf.a ,ehsia;=j·
(x) md,s; iud.ï iy wdY%s; iud.ï ,ehsia;=j·
(xi) w;aikalrejkaf.a kï ms<sn| úia;r

* igyk( m%;s,dNS ysñldr;ajfha m%udKj;a úksúoNdjh iy;sl lrñka f;dr;=re fy,sorõ ls¯fï wjYH;dj,g hg;aj 1987
wxl 36 ork Y%S ,xld iq/l=ïm;a yd úksuh fldñIka iNd mk; hgf;a n,m;% ,nd ° we;s Y%S ,xldfõ fldgia
fj<|fmdf<a ,ehsia;=.; lr we;s fyda fjk;a hï fldgia fj<|m<l ,ehsia;=.; lr we;s iud.ï iïnkaOfhka
jkúg" wOHlaIjreka iy m%Odk fldgia ysñhka y∫kd .ekSu i|yd uQ,H wdh;kh úiska úYajikSh uQ,dY%j, i|yka
jk f;dr;=re Ndú;d lrkq ,eìh yelsh·
^wd& my; ±lafjk f,aLk ,nd.; hq;= h' ^tla tla msgm; uq,a msgm; iu`. iiπ ;yjqre l< hq;= h'&(
(i) ixia:d.; ls¯fï iy;slfha msgm;·
(ii) iud.ï mk; hgf;a 40 jk wdlD;sfha msgm;la ^mj;akd iud.ula ,shdm†xÑ ls¯u& fyda 1 jk wdlD;sfha
msgm;la ^iud.ula ,shd†xÑ ls¯u& iy idx.ñl jHjia:dj,sh·
(iii) .sKqu újD; ls¯u i|yd n,h fokq ,nk wOHlaI uKav,fha fhdackd iïu;h·
(iv) iud.ï mk; hgf;a 20 jk wdlD;sfha msgm;la ^wOHlaIjreka$f,alï fjkiaùu iy wOHlaIjreka$f,alï
ms<sn| úia;r&·
(v) iud.ï mk; hgf;a 44 jk wdlD;sfha msgm;la ^Y%S ,xldfjka neyerj ixia:d.; lrkq ,enQ iud.ul
iïmQr®K ,shdm†xÑ ,smskh fyda m%Odk jHdmd˙l ia:dkfha ,smskh· iy Y%S ,xldfõ msysgqjd we;s tu iud.fï
m%Odk jHdmd˙l ia:dkfha ,smskh&·
(vi) iud.ï mk; hgf;a 45 jk wdlD;sfha msg;la ^YS% ,xldfõ msysgd we;s jHdmd˙l ia:dkhla we;s Y%S ,xldfjka
msg; ixia:d.; lr we;s iud.ul wOHlaI uKav,fha ,ehsia;=j iy ta ms<sn| úia;r·
(vii) Y%S ,xld wdfhdack uKav,fha wkqu; iud.ula fõ kï" wdfhdack uKav, .súiqfï msgm;la·
(viii) wmkhk ixjr®Ok uKav,fha wkqu; iud.ula fõ kï" wmkhk ixjr®Ok uKav, wkqu; ,smsfha msgm;laa·
(ix) fmd≥ ks, ,ehsia;=.; iud.ula kï" jHdmdrh wdrïN ls˙u i|yd jQ iy;slfha msgm;la·
(x) wjia:dfjdaÑ; m˙† wefgdar®ks n,m;%fha fyda wOHlaI uKav, fhdackd iïu;fha msgm;la iu`.ska .kqfokq
ls˙u i|yd n,h fokq ,nk ;eke;a;df.a fyda ;eke;a;kaf.a kï·
(xi) wdikak;u ú.Kkh lrk ,o .sKqï ;sfí kï" tu .sKqï'
igyk( by; f,aLk úfoaYhl ° ,shdm†xÑ lr we;s iud.ula i|yd o w∞< lr .kq ,eìh hq;=h' by; f;dr;=re imhd
fkdue;s wjia:djl °" f,aLkuh fkdjk l%u u.ska Kh f;dr;=re ldr®hdxYhla (CRIB) nexl= iuqoafoaY" lafIa;% m¯laIK iy
.kqfokqlref.a jHdmdr fjí wvú fj; m%fõY ùu u.ska f,aLk fida†is lrkq ,eìh yelsh'
^4& iudc Yd,d" iñ;s mqkH wdh;k" ix.ï iy rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk(
^wd& my; oelafjk f;dr;=re ,nd .; hq;=h·
(i) wdh;kfha ,shdm†xÑ ku iy ,shdm†xÑ wxlh·
(ii) wêldr m;%h" jHjia:dj hkd†fha i|yka m˙† ,shdm†xÑ ,smskh·

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 57

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

(iii) ;ks mqoa., .sKqïj,g w∞< jk wdldrhg" ks,Orhka" w;aikalrejka" m˙md,lhka fyda md,k uKav,fha
fyda lñgqfõ idud‚lhka fyda w∞< wdh;kfha fufyhqï lghq;= flfrys md,khla fyda n,mEula l< yels
fjk;a ;eke;a;ka hg;a ms˙fihska fofofkl=f.a wkkH;djh·
(iv) .sKqï újD; ls¯u i|yd n,h fokq ,nk lñgq fyda wOHlaI uKav, fhdackd iïu;h·
(v) wd∞hï$wruqo,a uQ,dY% iy uÜgï·
(vi) fjk;a iïnkaê; wdh;k$wdY%s; iud.ï$ixúOdk·
(vii) ≥rl:k$µeisfï,a wxlh$B-fï,a ,smskh·
^wd& my; ±lafjk f,aLk ,nd.; hq;= w;r uq,a f,aLkh iu`. iiπ ;yjqre l< hq;= h(-
(i) ,shdm†xÑ f,aLkfha$jHjia:dfõ wêld¯ m;%h hkd†fhka tll msgm;la·
(ii) .sKqï újD; ls¯u i|yd n,h mjrkq ,nk wOHlaI uKav, fhdackd iïu;h·
(iii) wefgdar®ks n,m;%fha fyda wOHlaI uKav,$lñgq fhdackd iïu;fha msgm;la iu`. .kqfokq i|yd Wmfoia
,nd °ug n,h mjrd we;s ;eke;a;kaf.a kï'
^5& Ndr" kdñlhska iy úYajikSh .sKqï(-
^w& my; ±lafjk f;dr;=re ,nd .; hq;= h'
(i) ;ks mqoa., .sKqïj,g w∞< jk wdldrhg" ishÆ Ndrlrejkaf.a iu:lrejkaf.a$m%∞klrejkaf.a iy
m%;s,dNSkaf.a y∫kd .ekSfï úia;r·
(ii) .kqfokqlre §b†˙m;ajkakl=¶ f,i l%shdlrkakl= o ke;fyd;a Ndrlrejl=" kdñlhl= fyda fjk;a w;rue†hl=
f,i l%shdlrkakl= o hkak·
^wd& my; ±lafjk f,aLk ,nd .; hq;=h' ^tla tla msgm; uq,a msgm; iu`. iiπ ;yjqre l< hq;=h'&
(i) ndr Tmamqfõ msgm; w∞< fõ kï·
(ii) ishÆ ;ks mqoa.,hska ms<sn| úia;r·
^6& jHdmdr jia;= iy iq/l=ïm;a wxYfha ksYaÑ; kshuhka(-
^w& Y%S ,xld iq/l=ïm;a yd úksuh fldñIka iNdj úiska wkqu; lrkq ,nk wruqo,aj,ska my; ±lafjk f;dr;=re
,nd .; hq;= h'
(i) wruqof,a kï ·
(ii) wruqof,a wruqK ·
(iii) wruqo, ia:dmkh l< ia:dkh ·
(iv) wruqof,a Ndrlref.a$l<ukdlref.a ^ku" ,smskh" úia;r hkd°& f;dr;=re·
(v) Ndrlre$l<ukdlre iud.ula jkafka kï" tu Ndrlre$l<ukdlre ixia:d.; l< †kh" ixia:d.; l<
ia:dkh iy ,shdm†xÑ ,smskh ·
(vi) wruqo, msysgqùug iy l<ukdlrKhg w∞< f,aLkj, msgm;a ^W∞( m%ldY m;%h$Ndr Tmamqj$l<ukdlrK
.súiqu$nexl=lrejkaf.a .súiqu$ú.Kljrekaf.a .súiqu& ·
(vii) w∞< rfÜ wëlaIK wêld˙h úiska ksl=;a lrkq ,nk wruqo, wkqu; ls¯fï ,smsfha msgm; ·
(viii) w∞< Ndrldr .súiqu$.súiqïj, msgm;$msgm;a ·
(ix) m%;s,dNSkaf.a úia;r ·
^wd& iy;sl ls¯fï wjYH;djh(
uOHu ;ekam;= Ndr moaO;shg Ndr°ug kshñ; ishÆ ;yjqre ls¯fï f,aLk" wh≥ïlre ms<sn| j,x.= Ndjhla ,nd °fï ldr®hh
i|yd my; ^w& fyda ^wd& fldgiaj, ksYaÑ;j olajd we;s ;eke;a;ka úiska iy;sl ls¯u" ,shd w;aika ls¯u fyda i;Hdmkh
ls¯u l< hq;= fõ'
^w& wfkajdisl b,aÆïlrejka i|yd -
^i& iud.ï f,alï fyda iudk wêldrhla úiska ·
^ii& Y%S ,xld úfoaY ¥; uKav, ks,Orhl= fyda uq,a f,aLk ksl=;a lrkq ,enQ rfgys Y%S ,xld fldkaishq,r®
ks,Orhd úiska ·
^iii& wh≥ïlre m†xÑj isák rfgys fid,sisgr®jrhl=" kS;s{jrhl= fyda jD;a;sfha fh° isák fkd;d˙iajrhl=
úiska ·
^iv& Ndrldr nexl=j úiska ·
^v& f.da,Sh Ndrlre úiska ^Ndrldr nexl=j úiska f.da,Sh Ndrlref.a w;aifka ksjer†Ndjh iy;sl l<
hq;= h& ·
^vi& ;e/õlrejl= úiska ·

III fldgi - 58 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

^wd& fkajdisl b,aÆïlrejka i|yd -

^i&
^ixia:d iïnkaOfhka& iud.ï fr‚iag%dr® úiska fyda iud.ï f,alï úiska ·
^ii&
kS;s{jrhl= fyda fkd;d˙iajrhl= úiska ·
^iii&
;e/õlrejl= úiska · fyda
^iv&
Ndrldr nexl=jla úiska
igyk( ^1& iy;sl lrkq ,nk ;eke;a;d úiska iajlSh w;aik ;nd iïmQr®K ku" ,smskh" ≥rl:k wxlh i|yka lr ks, uqødj
;eìh hq;= h' ^;e/õlrejka" Ndrlrejka iy f.da,Sh Ndrlrejka i|yd w∞< fkdfõ&
^2& b,aÆïm;%h §,shdm†xÑ orkakdf.a$f.da,Sh Ndrlref.a$m%;s,dNshdf.a¶ kñka YSr®I orkq ,nk wjia:djl °" iy Ndrldr
nexl=j yryd b†˙m;a lr we;s wjia:djl °" m%;s,dNS iud.u fjkqfjka .sKqï újD; ls¯u i|yd foaYSh Ndrldr
nexl=j fj; Wmfoia ,nd foñka f.da,Sh Ndrlre úiska ksl=;a lrkq ,nk (SWIFT) m◊jqvfha fyda iudk
f,aLkhl msgm;la" f.da,Sh Ndrlre iy m%;s,dNshd w;r Ndrldr jevms<sfj<la fyda .súiqula mj;sk njg
f.da,Sh Ndrlref.ka ,efnk m%ldYhla o iu`. b†˙m;a lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'

pl%f,aL wxlh( 01$16

fhduqj( 37$05$002$0016$016 2016 fkdjeïnr® 10

uQ,H wdh;kj, m%OdkSka yd ishÆ m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯ka fj;'

uy;auhdfKks$uy;añhks"
2006 wxl 6 orK uqo,a .kqfokq jdr®;d ls¯fï mkf;a 2 jk j.ka;sh iy 15 jk j.ka;sfha m<uq jk Wm j.ka;sfhys ta fldgi
hgf;a" 2016 ckjd˙ ui 27 jk †k ksl=;a lrk ,o uQ,H wdh;k .kqfokqlrejka ms<sn|j ksis Woafhda.fhka lghq;= ls¯fï
¯;Ska ms,sn| jQ wxl 1951$13 ork w;s úfYaI .eiÜ m;%fha i|ykaj we;s we;eï fh≥ï i|yd meye†,s ls¯ï ,nd °ug uQ,H nqoaê
tallh úiska uQ,H wdh;khka fj; fuu pl%f,aLh ksl=;a flfr®' ñka b†˙hg fuys ksYaÑ;j olajd we;s fh≥ïj,g my;
±lafjk wr®: ksrEmkhka yd$fyda meye†<s ls¯ï w∞< lr .; yel'

wr®: ksrEmkhka$meye†,s ls¯ï(

1' j˙ka jr is≥jk .kqfokq$j˙ka jr meñfKk .kqfokqlre
uqo,a .kqfokq jdr®;d ls¯fï mkf;a 2 jk j.ka;sfha 6 jk Wm j.ka;sh wkqj §j˙ka jr is≥jk .kqfokq¶ hkafkka §hï
;eke;a;l= úiska uqo,a yd úoHq;a wruqo,a udrels¯ïj,g w∞<j hï .kqfokqjla tu ;eke;a;df.a .sKqu yryd fkdjk
wjia:djla¶ woyia fõ'
j˙ka jr is≥jk .kqfokqj, kshef,k ´kEu mqoa.fhla §j˙ka jr meñfKk .kqfokqlre¶ f,i ye|skafõ'
2' tlajrla muKla meñfKk .kqfokqlrejka
uQ,H wdh;khl mj;ajdf.k hk .sKqï w∞< uQ,H wdh;kh fj; meñK fyda wka;r®cd,h yryd udr®..; .sKqï m%fõYh
,nd ° we;s úgl° tjka .sKqï m%fõYhla yryd fyda ish .sKqï ksr;=rej Ndú;d fkdlrk .kqfokqlrejka fõ'
3' nexl=fõ fkdjk .kqfokqlrejka
uQ,H fiajdjla ,nd .ekSug fyda uQ,H .kqfokqjla ls¯u i|yd uQ,H wdh;khlg meñ◊ tfy;a tu uQ,H wdh;kfha
.kqfokqlrefjl= fkdjk ´kEu mqoa.,fhl= fõ'
4' f;jk mdr®Yj .kqfokqlrejka
f;jk mdr®Yjhla uQ,H wdh;kfha .kqfokqlrejl= ù we;súgl tu f;jk mdr®Yj .sKqula yryd uQ,H wdh;kh iuÛ
.kqfokq lrk mqoa.,fhl= fõ'
¯;s 59^wd& meye†,s ls¯u
¯;s 59^wd& ys i|ykaj we;s md,l uKav,h hk fh≥u m%dfhda.slj l%shd;aul ls¯u ms◊i tu uQ,H wdh;kfha fcHIaG
l<uKdld˙;ajh woyia lrkq ,efí'
fuhg úYajdiS
wOHlaI
uQ,H nqoaê tallh
msgm;a( wkql+,;d ks,Od¯

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 59

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

fhduq wxlh ( 34$07$029$0001$002 2016 fmnrjd˙ 16

f.ùï iy mshùï moaO;s pl%f,aL wxl 01$2016
,xldfiÜ,a moaO;sfha ishÆu iyNd.s;aj wdh;k fj;
,xldfilHq uOHu ;ekam;= l%ufhys rcfha iq/l=ïm;aj, ysñldß;ajh jd¾;d lsÍu
,xldfiÜ,a moaO;s kS;Skag wkqj" ishÆu iDcq wf,ú iyNd.slrejka (Dealer Direct Participants) Tjqkaf.a .kqfokqlrejkaf.a
.kqfokq ,xldfilHqys w∞< .sKqï yryd l%shd;aul lrk Ndrlrejka f,i l%shd l< hq;=h' tuksid" ,xldfiÜ,a iDcq wf,ú
iyNd.slrejka Tjqkf.a iEu .kqfokqlrefjla i|ydu ksr®f,aÅ; rcfha iq/l=ïm;a r|jd .ekSug w∞<j .sKqï mj;ajd f.k
hd hq;= w;r iEu .kqfokqlrefjla i|ydu ysñld˙;ajhla ;sìh hq;= fiau iEu .kqfokqlrefjl=g w∞<j ksr®f,aÅ; rcfha
iq/l=ïm;aj,g fmd,sh igyka l< hq;=h' tfiau Ndrlref.a j.lSug wkqj" ,xldfiÜ,a iDcq wf,ú iyNd.slrejka ;ukaf.a
.kqfokqlreg ksr®f,aÅ; rcfha iq/l=ïm;aj, zffk;sl ysñld˙;ajhZ ,enqKq úg° fyda tajdfha ysñld˙;ajh fyda ysñld˙;ajh
iïnkaO úia;rj, fjkiaùul ° ,xldfilHq uOHu ;ekam;= l%ufhys w∞< iEu .kqfokqlrefjl=f.au úia;r läkñka iy
ksjer†j jdr®;d l< hq;=h'
flfia jqj o" fndfyda ,xldfiÜ,a iDcq wf,ú iyNd.slrejka Tjqkaf.a jHdmdr lghq;= fufyhùfï ° ksr®f,aÅ; rcfha
iq/l=ïm;aj,g w∞<j Ndrlref.a j.lSu by; i|yka kS;s yd fr.=,dis iïnkaOj wkql+,;djfhka hq;=j lghq;= ls¯ug wiu;a
ù we;s nj ks¯laIKh lr we;' ,xldfilHq uOHu ;ekam;= l%ufhys ksr®f,aÅ; rcfha iq/l=ïm;a fYaIhka wksis f,i jdr®;d
ls¯u fya;=fjka rdcH Kh fomdr®;fïka;=fjka .kqfokqlrejka iy ú.Kk wdh;k úiska is≥ lrkq ,nk úuiSï by< f.dia
;sfnk w;r" tu w∞< fYaIhka i|yd jk .sKqï jr®.j, wr®:l:khka ,xldfilHq m%ldYkj, olajd we;'
by; ishÆ ≤ i,ld ne,Sfï °" ,xldfilHq uOHu ;ekam;= l%ufhys ksr®f,aÅ; rcfha iq/l=ïm;ays ysñld˙;ajh jdr®;d ls¯fï °
2013 wf.daia;= ui 01 jk †k ksl=;a lrk ,o ,xldfiÜ,a moaO;s kS;Ska ^2'1 wkqjdoh& hgf;a fok ,o Wmfoia i|yd ±ä f,i
wkql+, úh hq;= njg ishÆu ,xldfiÜ,a iDcq wf,ú iyNd.slrejkaf.ka b,a,d isákq ,efí'
2016 udr®;= udifhka miqj ksl=;a lrk ,o m%ldYkhkays kj .sKqï jr®. iïnkaO úia;rh ,xldfiÜ,a moaO;s kS;Skaf.a 3 jk
m˙pfhys 7 jk iy 10 jk msgqj, ±lafjk f,igu b†˙m;a lrkq ,efí'
à'tÉ'î'ir;apkaø wdr®'tA'tia'tï' ohdr;ak ^uy;añh&
rdcH Kh wêld¯ wOHlaIsld$f.ùï iy mshùï

fhduq wxlh ( 34$07$029$0001$002 2016 iema;eïnr® 06

pl%f,aL wxlh ( f.ùï iy mshùï moaO;s pl%f,aL wxl 02$2016
,xldfiÜ,a moaO;sfha ishÆu iyNd.s;aj wdh;k fj;"
2016 iema;eïn¾ ui 09 jk isl=rdod Èk ,xldfiÜ,a moaO;sfhys iÔù fufyhqï lghq;=
m%;sm%dma;s jevìfuys isg isÿ lsÍu
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ish jHdmdr wLKav;d ie,iqï m¯laIdjg ,lals¯fï wruqK we;sj 2016 iema;eïnr® ui 09 jk isl=rd∞
†k ,xldfiÜ,a moaO;sfhys ^;;ald,Sk o< mshùï moaO;sh iy ,xldfilHq moaO;sh& iy wfkl=;a w∞< moaO;Skays fufyhqï
lghq;= m%;sm%dma;s jevìfuys isg is≥ lrkq ,nk nj fuhska ±kqï fokq ,efí'
iSîtiat,afkÜ (CBSLNet) iuÛ iïnkaO lr we;s Tn wdh;kfhys fm!oa.,sl m˙.Klhka m%;sm%dma;s jevìu fj; msúish
yels jk m˙† ilid we;' flfia fj;;a" 2016 iema;eïnr® ui 09 jk †kg fmr Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ f;dr;=re ;dlaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska tu iïnkaO;djhka m¯laId lr .kakd fuka b,a,d isáuq' f;dr;=re ;dlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ my;
i|yka ks,Od¯ka wu;d wjYH iydh ,nd.; yels fõ'

ƒƒ ,is;a m%kdka≥ uhd - 011 2477124 (lasith@cbsl.lk)

ƒƒ reisre fndrÆf.dv uhd - 011 2398617 (rusiru@cbsl.lk)
ã' l=udr;=x.
wOHlaI" f.ùï iy mshùï

fhduq wxlh ( 34$07$029$0001$002 2016 Tlaf;danr® 25

pl%f,aL wxlh ( f.ùï iy mshùï moaO;s pl%f,aL wxl 03$2016
,xldfiÜ,a moaO;sfha ishÆu iyNd.s;aj wdh;k fj;"
,xldfiÜ,a moaO;sfha ffoksl fufyhqï ld,igyk ixfYdaOkh lsÍu
1' újg fj<| lghq;= wdY%s; fufyhqï ld,igyk 2016 fkdjeïnr® ui 01 jk †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† fjkia fõ'
2' ta wkqj" 2016 fkdjeïnr® ui 01 jk †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† 2013 ksl=;a lrk ,o ,xldfiÜ,a moaO;s ¯;s ^2'1

III fldgi - 60 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

ixialrKh& ys 4 jeks fjΩfuys 1'2 j.ka;sfhys ±lafjk ffoksl fufyhqï ld,igyk my; ±lafjk m˙† ixfYdaOkh
lrkq ,nk nj fuhska ±kqï fokq ,efí'
fõ,dj fufyhqu ldr®hhka$.kqfokq
fm'j' 6'30 moaO;sh wdrïN ls¯u ;;ald,Sk o< mshùï moaO;sh iy ksr®f,aLk iq/l=ïm;a moaO;sh
wdrïN ls¯u
fm'j' 7'30 isg †kfha wdrïNl ieliqï lghq;= iq/l=ïm;a i|yd jk ks, ñ, .Kka hdj;ald,Sk ls¯u iy oji ;=<
fm'j' 8'00 ,ndfok øjYS,;d myiqlï i|yd iq/l=ïm;a ysñld˙;ajh i,l=Kq
olajd ls¯u
fm'j' 8'00 ,xldfiÜ,a moaO;sh .kqfokq i|yd újD; ls¯u .kqfokq wdrïN ls¯u i|yd moaO;sh újD; ls¯u
fm'j' 8'00 oji we;=<; øjYS,;d myiqlï$m%;sñ,° .ekSï iy oji we;=<; øjYS,;d myiqlï ,nd°u iy újg fj<| lghq;=
ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï iajhxl%Shj mshùu iy ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï m%;sñ,° .ekSïj, fojeks mdohg w∞<
wdmiq f.ùï lghq;=
fm'j' 8'15 †kh wdrïNfha lrk l,ams¯ï$fmd,S f.ùï f.dkq l,amsreKq iq/l=ïm;aj,g w∞< mshùï$iq/l=ïm;a l+mka i|yd
ls¯ï iy Y%S ,xld uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a l,ams¯ï f.ùï" ,xldfiÜ,a moaO;sfha .dia;=$ov uqo,a wh ls¯ï iy Y%S ,xld
uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a l,ams¯ï
fm'j' 8'30 ,xldla,shr® fj;ska ,efnk nyq mdr®Yaùh Y=oaO Y%S ,xld wka;r® nexl= f.ùï l%ufhys m<uq jk pl%h$m%Odk
mshjqï f.dkqj moaO;sh fj; fhduq ls¯u ksIaldYk moaO;shg w∞< Y=oaO ksIaldYk fYaIhka mshùu

fm'j' 8'30 ia:ßr mokula u; ñ,° .ekSï yd úls”ï$†.= ld,Sk újg fj<| lghq;= hgf;a m%;sñ,° .ekSï" m%;súl=Kqï
úl=Kqï fjkaish$†.= ld,Sk Y%S ,xld uy nexl= †.= ld,Sk Y%S ,xld uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a fjkafoaish iy †.= ld,Sk
iq/l=ïm;a ksl=;a ls¯u úl=Kï
q fjkafoaisfhys m%:u mdoh
fm'j' 8'45 ,xldla,shr® fj;ska ,efnk nyq mdr®Yaùh Y=oaO iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kfha m<uq pl%h
mshjqï f.dkqj moaO;sh fj; fhduq ls¯u
fm'j' 9'00 ,xldla,shr® fj;ska ,efnk nyq mdr®Yaùh Y=oaO úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯ï i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kfha m<uq pl%h
mshjqï f.dkqj moaO;sh fj; fhduq ls¯u
fm'j' 11'00 m%;súl=Kqï iy ia:djr Kh myiqlug w∞< wdmiq újg fj<| lghq;= iy ks;H Kh myiqlu hgf;a m%;súl=Kqï j,
f.ùï fojk mdohg w∞< mshùu
fm'j' 11'45 †.= ld,Sk m%;súl=Kqï ^fjkafoaish& újg fj<| lghq;= hgf;a m%;súl=Kqï j, m%:u mdohg w∞<
mshùï lghq;=
m'j' 1'00 m%d:ñl fjkafoaishg w∞< mshùï lghq;= wjika m%d:ñl fjkafoaisfha iq/l=ïm;a mshùu
ls¯u$flá ld,Sk Y%S ,xld uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a flá ld,Sk uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a fjkafoaisfha mshùu
fjkafoaish
m'j' 1'15 flá ld,Sk úl=Kqï$m%;súl=Kqï ^fjkafoaish& flá ld,Sk úl=Kqï$újg fj<| lghq;= wdY%s; m%;súl=Kqï j, m%:u
mdohg w∞< mshùï lghq;=
m'j' 2'45 ,xldla,shr® fj;ska ,efnk nyq mdr®Yaùh Y=oaO mshjqï ksIaldYkh iy .e,mqï ksIaldYkh
mshjqï f.dkqj moaO;sh fj; fhduq ls¯u
m'j' 3'00 ,xldla,shr® fj;ska ,efnk nyq mdr®Yaùh Y=oaO Y%S ,xld wka;r® nexl= f.ùï l%ufhys fojk pl%h
mshjqï f.dkqj moaO;sh fj; fhduq ls¯u iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kfhys fojk pl%h
;=kajk mdr®Yaùh .kqfokq i|yd moaO;sh jeiSu wka;r® nexl=j,g w∞< MT2XX ldKavfha m◊jqv yer tu osk ;=<
;=kajk mdr®Yajfha wÆq;a .kqfokq (T+0) i|yd moaO;sh jeiSu
m'j' 3'15 ,xldla,shr® fj;ska ,efnk nyq mdr®Yaùh Y=oaO úoHq;a wruqo,a mej¯ï i|yd jQ fmd≥ hdka;%Kfha fojk pl%h
mshjqï f.dkqj moaO;sh fj; fhduq ls¯u
m'j' 3'45 iyNd.s;aj wdh;kj,g oji we;=<; øjYS,;d iyNd.s;aj wdh;k úiska m'j' 3'45 ka miq oji we;=<; øjYS,;d
myiqlu ,nd .ekSu wjika ls¯u myiqlu m%;sñ,° .ekSu is≥ fkdl< hq;h= s'
m'j' 4'00 ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï ks;H ;ekam;= myiqlï m%:u mdohg w∞< mshùu
m'j' 4'15 ks;H Kh myiqlï ks;H Kh myiqlï m%:u mdohg w∞< mshùu
m'j' 4'15 oji we;=<; øjYS,;d myiqlu wdmiq f.ùu oji we;=<; øjYS,;d myiqlu wdmiq whlr .ekSu

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 61

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

m'j' 4'30 .kqfokq i|yd moaO;sh jeiSu moaO;sh úiska fuu fõ,dfjka miqj jeä≥rg;a .kqfokq Ndr fkd.kS'
.kqfokq i|yd moaO;sh jeiSfuka miq tf;la fm<.eiS ;snqKq
.kqfokq lsisjla fõ kï tajd k;r ùu yd wj,x.= ùu is≥ fõ'
m'j' 4'30 isg oji wjidkhg w∞< ieliqï lghq;= oji wjidkhg w∞< ieliqï lghq;=
m'j' 5'00 olajd W∞( jdr®;d ms<sfh< ls¯u$w∞< f.dkq fmd≥ f,crh fj; fhduq
ls¯u" ,xldfiÜ,a .dia;= whls¯u i|yd w∞< o;a; ms<sfh< ls¯u
iy uqøK jdr®;d ieliSu wh;a fõ'
m'j' 5'00 moaO;sh ixjD; ls¯u ;;ald,Sk o< mshùï moaO;sh iy ksr®f,aLk iq/l=ïm;a mshùfï
moaO;shg w∞< ishÆu uD≥ldx. jid ±óu' o;a; fjk;a o;a;
.nvdjl igyka ls¯u'
3' ld, igyfka ±lafjk fõ,djkag wkqj ishÆu .kqfokqj, mshùï lghq;= ksishdldrfhka is≥ ls¯u i|yd mshùï .sKqï
ms˙laiqï ksfla;kh u.ska ks¯laIKh l< hq;= njg;a" ;u mshùï .sKqïj, m%udKj;a wruqo,a fYaIhka mj;ajd .ekSug
j.n,d .; hq;= njg;a iyNd.s;aj wdh;k fj; fuhska Wmfoia fokq ,efí'
ã' l=udr;=x.
wOHlaI" f.ùï iy mshùï

fhduq wxlh ( 34$07$029$0001$002 2016 foieïnr® 09
pl%f,aL wxlh ( f.ùï iy mshùï moaO;s pl%f,aL wxl 04$2016
,xldfiÜ,a moaO;sfha ishÆu iyNd.s;aj wdh;k fj;"
2016 foieïn¾ ui 18 jk Èk iÔù mÍlaIKhla meje;aùu
i|yd ,xldfiÜ,a moaO;sh újD; lsÍu
,xldfiÜ,a moaO;sfha ^;;ald,Sk o< mshùï moaO;sh iy ksr®f,aLk iq/l=ï moaO;sh& uD≥ldx.j, is≥ lrk ,o kj ixialrKfha
m¯laIK i„ùj w;ay∞ ne,Su i|yd 2016 foieïnr® ui 18 jk b˙∞ †k iSñ; ldr®hhka fjkqfjka újD;j ;nkq ,nk nj
fuhska ±kqï fokq ,efí' tfia jqjo" ,xldfiÜ,a moaO;shg iïnkaO w;=re uqyqK;a ^újg fj<| lghq;= wd°& iïnkaO .kqfokq
mshùï mQr®fjdala; †kfha ° is≥ lrkq fkd,efí'
tneúka ,xldfiÜ,a moaO;sh mQr®fjdala; †kfha újD;j ;nkq ,nkqfha uD≥ldx.j, is≥lrk ,o kj ixialrKfha m¯laIK
lghq;= i|yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ f;dr;=re ;dlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska úfYaIfhka kï lrk ,o .kqfokq m¯laId ls¯u
i|yd muKla jkq we;'
ta wkqj" my; i|yka Wmfoia wkqj lghq;= lrk f,i b,a,d isákq ,efí'
^1& 2016 foieïnr® ui 18 jk †k i„ù m¯laIKh wjidkfha ° b†˙ ∞;u iys; .kqfokq moaO;sfhka bj;a lrk fyhska t†k
^i„ù m¯laIK †kh& ;=< lsis≥ b†˙ ∞;u iys; .kqfokqjla moaO;shg we;=<;a fkdl< hq;=h'
^2& 2016 foieïnr® ui 18 jk †k" CBCELKLAXXX, CBCELKLSXXX iy CBCELKLXXXX hk fla; wxl u.ska ckkh lrkq
,nk iaúµaÜ (SWIFT) m◊jqv ish,a, fkdi,ld ye˙h hq;=h'
,xldfiÜ,a iyNd.s;aj wdh;k iuÛ meje;afjk fuu i„ù m¯laIKh 2016 foieïnr® ui 18 jk †k fmrjre 9'00 isg
fmrjre 11'30 olajd meje;afõ' wjYH m¯laIK ie,eiau" 2016 foieïnr® ui 16 jk †kg fyda Bg fmr f;dr;=re ;dlaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska iyNd.s;aj wdh;k fj; úoHq;a ;emEf,ka tjkq ,efí'
i„ù m¯laIKh idr®:lj ksu ls¯fuka miq" ,xldfiÜ,a moaO;sfha uD≥ldx.j, is≥lrk ,o kj ixialrKh 2016 foieïnr® ui
19 jk †k isg Ndú;h i|yd lghq;= i,iajd we;'
ã' l=udr;=x.
wOHlaI" f.ùï iy mshùï

fhduq wxlh ( 08$21$005$035$001 2016 cQ,s 15

m%d:ñl wf,úlrejkaf.a m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯ka fj;"
oaú;ShSl fj<|fmd< fj<|du yd jd¾;dlrKh
úkssúoNdjhlska hq;=j .kqfokq is≥ ls¯fuka yd ñ, ksrdjrKh ;=<ska rcfha iq/l=ïm;aj, oaú;ShSl fj<|fmd< m%jr®Okh ls¯u
ms◊i ishÆu m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka u;= i|yka m˙† l%shd ls¯u wjYH jkafkah(

III fldgi - 62 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

2' 2016 wf.daia;= ui 01 jk †k isg n,meje;afjk m˙† ishÆu m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka my;ska i|yka ldr®hhka i|yd
Y%S ,xldj fjkqfjka ksr®udKh lr we;s í¨ïnr®.a fj<| moaO;sh ^Bloomberg Trading Platform& Ndú;d l< hq;=hs'
i) wka;r® m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka w;r ysñlï u; mjrk w;amsg .kqfokq is≥ ls¯u· iy
ii) m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka fkdjk wdfhdaclhka iuÛ is≥ jk remsh,a ñ,shk 50 blaujk ishÆu ysñlï u; mjrk
w;amsg .kqfokqj, M,∞hS wkqmd;hka yd m%udKhka tu .kqfokq is≥j úkdä 30 la we;=<; jdr®;d ls¯u'
3' ;e/õlrejka iuÛ is≥ lrkq ,nk by; 2(ii) ys i|yka .kqfokq úl=Kkq ,nk m%d:ñl wf,úlrejka úiska jdr®;d l<
hq;=hs'
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w;aika lf<a" à'tÉ'î' ir;apkaø
rdcH Kh wêld¯

fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl( RDD$NADeP$2016 m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
;e'fm' 590"
fkd'30" ckdêm;s udj;
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≥'l' - 2477452" 2398748
µelaia - 2477724
2016 ckjd˙ 07
NADeP cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixj¾Ok jevigyfka (NADeP) laIqø uQ,H wxYh ls%hd;aul
lsÍu i|yd fufyhqï Wmfoia
1' ye¢kaùu
YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ uQ,sl;ajfhka ckdêm;s f,alï ldr®hd,fhka ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nk cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok
jevigyk i|yd lDIsldr®ñl ixjr®Okh i|yd jQ cd;Hka;r wruqo, (IFAD) u.ska wruqo,a imhkq ,nhs' laIqø uQ,H iemhSu
yd ;reK m%cdj mqyqKq ls¯u fuu jevigyfka wkq ixrplhla fõ'
YS% ,xld rch yd IFAD úiska taldnoaO wruqo,a imhk ,o NADeP m<uqj wdrïN lrk ,oafoa" 2010'02'23 wefu˙ldkq
fvd,r® ñ,shk 32'9 l wruqo,lsks' laIqø uQ,H wkq ixrplh ls%hd;aul ls¯u i|yd wefu˙ldkq fvd,r® ñ,shk
2'018 la fuu jevigyk hgf;a ,nd fok ,°' ckdêm;s f,alï;=udf.a m%Odk;ajfhka yd uqo,a wud;HdxYfha f,alï;=udf.a
iyNd.s;ajfhka 2015'12'04 jeks †k mej;s idlÉPdfõ° n,m;%,dNS nexl= yryd laIqø Kh uqod ye¯u i|yd laIqø uQ,H
myiqlï kej; ls%hd;aul ls¯ug ;SrKh lrk ,°' oekgu;a Tn fj; okajd we;s m˙†" Tnf.a nexl=j fuu Kh fhdackd
l%ufha iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;khla f,i kï lr we;' fufyhqï Wmfoia ys olajd we;s kshuhka yd fldkafoaisj,g wkqj"
2016 udr®;= wjidkh jk úg" remsh,a ñ,shk 90 la fuu jHdmD;sh hgf;a jeh ls¯ug fjka lr we;' fuu jHdmD;sfha
idr®:l;ajh u; mokïj" wu;r wruqo,a iemhSu i|yd wruqo,a imhk wdh;kh iu. tlÛ;djhlg t<U we;'
†<s`≥ m%cdjf.a „jk ;;a;ajh by< kexùu wruqKq lr f.k" ldka;djka" bvï wysñ l=gqïN iy iudcfhka fkdi,ld y˙k
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ëjr lghq;=" mY= iïm;a" fjf<| yd fiajd" l=vd jHdmdr wd° wdodhï Wmoùfï ls%hdj,Ska i|yd laIqø Kh imhkq ,nhs'
2' laIqø uQ,H Wmdh udr®.
laIqø uQ,H jevigyk m%Odk jYfhka" ldka;djka b,lal lr f.k mjqf,a „jfkdamdh jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd iqúfYaIS
odhl;ajhla ksr®udKh ls¯ug yd ia;a¯ mqreI iudkd;au;djh we;s lr ldka;djka n,d;aul ls¯u wruqKq lr f.k
ls%hd;aul fõ' Kh m%;s,dNSka úh hq;af;a ldka;djka úiska kdhl;ajh fokq ,nk ldka;djkaf.ka ie≥ï,;a iajidOk
ldKavdhï h' tneúka fuys m<uq mshjr iajidOk lKavdhï f.dvke.Su fõ' bkamiq iajidOk lKavdhï tu lKavdhu
fyda Bg wod< mqoa.,hska i|yd wdodhï Wmoùfï ls%hdj,sh ksr®udKh lrkq we;' jHdmD;sfha Kh myiqlï iemhSu i|yd
iajidOk lKavdhï úiska wfkHdakH iyfhda.S;djh u; wdodhï Wmoùfï ls%hdj,sh ls%hd;aul ls¯u iyNd.s;aj uQ,H
wdh;kj, iyfhda.fhka" kfjda;amdok fhdod .ekSu u.ska fuu ls%hdj,sh jvd;a ldr®hlaIu yd M,odhS njg m;a flfr®'
3' wruqKq
^w& f;dard.;a jHdmD;s m%foaYj, †<s`≥ m%cdjf.a wdodhï uÜgu yd iudc ;;a;ajh jeä†hqKq ls¯u i|yd
^wd& úêu;a iumdr®Yj fkdue;s †<s`≥ m%cdjf.a wdodhï W;amdok lghq;= i|yd Kh iemhSu ;=<ska Tjqkaf.a uQ,H
wka;r®.;Ndjh by< kexùu
^we& †<s`≥ m%cdj i|yd wdodhï W;amdok wjia:d ksr®udKh ls¯u ;=<ska m%;s,dNSkaf.a yelshdj yd l=i,;d by< kexùu'
^wE& †<s`≥ m%cdj i|yd ksr®udKh lr we;s uQ,H M,odhs;dj yd wkqu; laIqø Kh myiqlï iemhSfï ls%hdj,sh ia:dms; ls¯u'
^b& wdodhï ckkh ls¯fï ls%hdj,sh i|yd .%dóh ldka;djka †˙ .ekaùu'
^B& .%dóh †<s`≥ m%cdj w;r b;s˙ ls¯fï mqreoao yd iliqreju yqre ls¯u'
^W& †<s`≥ m%cdjf.a jD;a;Sh jHjidhl;aj yd uQ,H l=i,;d jeä†hqKq ls¯u'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 63

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

^W!& .ïno ≥.S ck;dj w;r wd;au úYajdih f.dvke.Su iy iudc i„ùlrK ls%hdj,sh yryd Tjqkaf.a mrdhka; Ndjh
wvq ls¯u'
^t& jHdmD;sfha b,lal lKavdhï i|yd fiajh ls¯ug rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk †˙u;a ls¯u'
4' Wmdh udr®.
^w b,lal.; m%;s,dNSka y`≥kd .ekSu'
^wd& iajidOk lKavdhï njg m%;s,dNSka m;a ls¯u'
^we& Kh iemhSfï n,mEu we.hSu i|yd mdol iólaIKh Tiafia f;dr;=re /ials¯u'
^wE& iajidOk lKavdhï nexl= yd uQ,H moaO;s i|yd iïnkaO ls¯u'
^b& m%;s,dNSka w;r b;s˙ ls¯u m%jr®Okh ls¯u'
^B& l=i,;d mqyqKq yd wfkl=;a iyk fiajd ,nd °u'
^W& lKavdhï wem ,nd°u u.ska Kh ,nd .ekSu myiq ls¯u'
^W!& lKavdhï mdol ixjr®Ok iñ;s Yla;su;a ls¯u yd Tjqka iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k iu. iïnkaO ls¯u'
^t& wdodhu Wmoùfï ls%hdj,Skaj, m%.;sh wëlaIKh ls¯u'
5' jHdmD;s jHdma;sh
fuu jevigyk †jhsk mqrdu ls%hd;aul lrkq ,efí' †<s`≥lu msgq oelSu i|yd jk laIqø Kh jHdmD;sh ^PAMP& iu.
w;sÉPdokh je<elaùug iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k lghq;= l< hq;= fõ'
6' Kh myiqlï
NADeP hgf;a" flá yd uOH ld,Sk Kh fyda lKavdhï Kh" wdodhï Wmoùfï ls%hdj,Ska Wfoid iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k
yryd ,ndfokq ,nkafka iajidOk lKavdhïj, isák ;ks mqoa.,hskag fyda mqoa.,hska lsysm fofol=f.ka ie≥ï,;a
lKavdhï i|yd h' ls%hdld¯ jHdmD;s i|yd Kh ,nd°u tu jHdmD;sj, ldr®hidOk wëlaIKh yd Kh kej; whlr
.ekSfï ls%hdj,sh iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kj, j.lSu fõ' Kh ,nd°fï ls%hdj,sfha° m%;s,dNSka y`≥kd .ekSu" lKavdhï
ksr®udKh ls¯u" m%;s,dNSka mqyqKq ls¯u yd YlH;d jr®Okh" b;=reï jeä ls¯u yd wjidkfha Kh m%∞kh ls¯u ;=<ska
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kj, jeo.;a ldr®hNdrhla bgq lrhs' lKavdhï mSvkh yd lKavdhï j.lSï yryd Kh wëlaIKh
yd Kh uqo,a kej; ,nd .ekSu i|yd m%;s,dNSka úiska jeo.;a ldr®hNdrhla bgq lrhs'
7' fhda.H ls%hdldrlï
m%;s,dNSka úiska is≥ lrkq ,nk wdodhï Wmoùfï ls%hdj,Ska u.ska fuu jHdmD;sh i|yd wjYH ia:djr yd ldrl
m%d.aOk wjYH;djhka imqrd .kq ,efí' fuu wdodhï Wmoùfï ls%hdj,Ska iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska ms<s.kq ,nhs'
wod< ls%hdldrlïj, uQ,sl jr®.SlrKh my; oelafõ'
^w& lDIs jHdmdr$lDIslr®u
^wd& ëjr
^we& mY= iïm;a
^wE& fjf<| yd fiajd
^b& l=vd jHdmdr
^B& wfkl=;a
8' iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kj, ls%hdldrlï yd j.lSï
fuu jevigyk ls%hd;aul ls¯u i|yd iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kj, ls%hdld¯ iyNd.s;ajh w;HdjYH fõ'
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kj, m%d:ñl j.lSï my; m˙† fõ'
^w& fuu jevigyk ls%hd;aul ls¯u i|yd wjYH ldr®huKav,h fjka ls¯u iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska is≥ l< hq;=
fõ'
^wd& kshñ; m˙† Kh uqo,a ,nd°u yd Kh uqo,a 4 fldgfia i|yka Wmdhudr®. j,g wkql+, nj iy;sl ls¯u'
^we& idud‚lhka i|yd Kh ,nd°ug fmr Tjqkaf.a iudc i„ùlrKh yd mqyqKqj m%udKj;a o hkak iy lKavdhï
f.dvke.Su yd ,shdm†xÑh ms<sn|j iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kh j.lSfuka lsh
% d l< hq;= fõ'
^wE& iajidOk lKavdhï i|yd Kh ,nd°ug fmr iudc i„ùlrKh yd mqyqKqj m%udKj;a o hkak fidhd ne,sh hq;=h'
^b& Kh fhdackd l%ufha tla tla Wm jHdmD;sj, ;dlaIKsl yd uQ,Huh YlH;dj ms<sn|j iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k
iEySulg m;a úh hq;=h'
^B& iajidOk lKavdhï yd iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k w;r mj;sk in|;dj Yla;su;a ls¯u i|yd iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k
iajidOk lKavdhï ksrka;rj wëlaIKh l< hq;= fõ'
^W& †ia;s%lalj, ia:dms; iajidOk lKavdhïj, uQ,H ls%hdldrlï wod< iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k u.ska udislj wëlaIKh
l< hq;= w;r" YdLd l<ukdlre fyda Tyqf.a ksfhda‚;fhl= tu lKavdhïj, udisl /iaùu i|yd iyNd.s úh hq;=h'
^W!& Wm jHdmD;sj, idr®:l;ajh iy th †<s`≥ m%cdj u; we;s lrk n,mEu wëlaIKh iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska is≥
l< hq;= fõ'

III fldgi - 64 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

^t& iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska fuu Kh fhdackd l%uhg wod<j fjku jdr®;d yd .sKqï mj;ajdf.k hd hq;= fõ'
^ta& iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska fufyhqï Wmfoiaj, olajd we;s m%;suQ,H ls%hd ms<sfj, wkq.ukh l< hq;= fõ'
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska jHdmD;shg wod< jdr®;d iy .sKqï m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=fõ yd lDIsldr®ñl
ixjr®Okh i|yd jQ cd;Hka;r wruqof,a ks,Od¯kag wjYH jQ úg ,nd †h hq;=h' ;jo" iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska
Tjqkg jdr®Isl jdr®;d" ú.Kk jdr®;d" uQ,H m%ldYk" m%.;s jdr®;d we;=Ω wfkl=;a jdr®;d ,nd †h hq;=h'
9' iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kj, ldr®huKav, mqyqKqj
jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK tallh u.ska iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kj, ldr®huKav,h i|yd wjYH jQ wjia:djkays° YlH;d
ixjr®Ok jevigyka ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nhs'
10' m%;s,dNSka i|yd jQ iq≥iqlï
^w& m%;s,dNSka bvï wysñ l=gqïN j,ska úh hq;=h'
^wd& fuu jevigyk hgf;a Tjqka úiskau iajWmldrl lKavdhï f,i msysg jQ l=gqïNj, idud‚lhka ùu'
^we& fjk;a uQ,H wdh;kj, Kh meyer y˙k ,o l=gqïN fkdúh hq;=h'
11' lKavdhï ksr®udKfha fufyhqï iïnkaO uQ,sl uQ,Or®u
^w& fuu jevigyfka ishÆ m%;s,dN jevigyka lafIa;%h ;=< isák iq≥iqlï,;a iEu b,lal.; lKavdhïj,g ,eìh hq;=
lKavdhï ksr®udKh ls¯fï° th tlu l=gqïNfha fyda tlu mjqf,a fkdjk idud‚lhska 5 - 8 l f.ka iukaú; úh
hq;=h'
^wd& fuu jevigyk hgf;a Kh m%∞kh ls¯u" fuu lKavdhfï fyda jHdmD;sfha iudc i„ùlrKh" mqyqKqj" YlH;d
ixjr®Okh iy wju jYfhka udi 3 l ld,hla ;=, is≥l< b;=reï ms<sn`o YlH;dj ;yjqre lr.ekSfuka miqj is≥
l< hq;= fõ' flfia fj;;a fokq ,nk remsh,a ñ,shk 90 l laIqø Kh uqo, ,nd°u i|yd kj lKavdhï we;s ls¯u
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska is≥ fkdl< hq;= w;r" mj;sk iy m˙K; lKavdhï ;=<ska m%;s,dNSka f;dard .; hq;=
fõ' 2016 udr®;= udifhka miq jHdmD;s m%;smdok by< .sh fyd;a kj lKavdhï ksr®udKh ls¯u is≥ l< yel' tfukau
wfmalaIs; wruqKg <Ûd ùu i|yd iudc i„ùldrlhkaf.a n|jd .ekSu ksr®foaY fkdlrk kuq;a" ta i|yd iyNd.s;aj
uQ,H wdh;k úiska Tjqkaf.a mj;akd lafIa;% cd, fhdod .kq we;'
^we& wdr®:ßl ;;a;ajh wkqj" iucd;Sh nj mj;ajd .ekSu iy;sl ls¯ug iudk wNs,dYhka iys; iudk uÜgfï wdodhï,dNSka
jqjo f;dard .; yel'
^wE& lKavdhï ls%hdldrlï yd wfkHdakH .kqfokq myiqfjka is≥ ls¯u i|yd lKavdhul idud‚lhka Tjqkg myiqfjka
yuqùug yels jk m˙† wdikak m†xÑlrejka úh hq;=h'
^b& lKavdhï idud‚lhka w;=˙ka fmr f.ùï meyer y˙kakka ms<sn|j úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq l< hq;=h' ´kEu uQ,H
j.lSula meyer y˙kafkla Tyqf.a j.lSu bgq lrk f;la" Kh .ekSu i|yd kqiq≥iafila fõ'
12' lKavdhï ls%hdldrlï
^w& iEu lKavdhulu kdhlfhla yd f,alïjrfhla isáh hq;=h'
^wd& wod< m%foaYfha myiq ia:dkhl i;shlg jrla lKavdhfï ishÆfokd /iaúh hq;=h' ixúOdkh fjkqfjka j.lsh hq;=
jk lKavdhfï idud‚lhd wksjdr®hfhka fuu /iaùug iyNd.s úh hq;=h'
^we& i;sm;d ld,dka;rhla ;=< fldmuK m%udKhla b;s˙ l< hq;=o hkak lKavdhfï idud‚lhska úiska ;SrKh l< hq;=h'
i;sm;d yuqùï j,° b;=reï tl;= ls¯ug lKavdhu W;aidy .; hq;=h' lKavdhu úiska ;SrKh lrkq ,nk b;s˙ l<
hq;= jQ uqo, lKavdhfï iEu idud‚lfhl=gu iudk uqo,la úh hq;=h' iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k j,ska Kh ,nd .kakd
lKavdhï idud‚lhska wkqms<sfj, lKavdhu úiska ;SrKh l< hq;=h'
^wE& Kh tl;= ls¯fï° yd wfkl=;a ls%hdldrlï j,°" kshñ; fõ,djg meñ”u jeks iajhx úkh mj;ajd .ksñka
lKavdhu úiska iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k i|yd iydh oelaúh hq;=h'
^b& lKavdhul idud‚lhska lsysmfofkla tla ù yjq,a Khla wh≥ï l<fyd;a wdodhï Wmoùfï ls%hdldrlïj, YlH;dj
mokï lrf.k Tjqkg Kh ,nd°fï yelshdj iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k i;=j mj;S'
^B& lKavdhul idud‚lhska fofofkl=g fyda lsysmfofkl=g tlaù" tlu jHdmD;shla i|yd Kh uqo,la ,nd .;yel'
13' b;=reï ls%hdldrlï
lKavdhula f.dvke.Sug yd Kh iemhSug m%;s,dNSkaf.a b;=reï jeo.;a jk fyhska" jevigyk ;=< b;=reï ls%hdldrlï
jeo.;a ls%hdj,shla fõ' jevigyfka Kh ,nd .ekSu msKsi m%;s,dNSka b;s˙ ls¯u is≥ l< hq;=h' jevigyfka b;=reï Yla;sh
by< kexùu" lKavdhï idud‚lhka w;r b;s˙ ls¯fï mqreoao yqre ls¯ug iy m%;s,dNSkaf.a iudc yd wdr®:ßl wdrlaIKh
Wfoid odhl;ajh iemhSu u.ska Tjqkaf.a ne£ï jvd;a Yla;su;a ls¯ug bjy,a fõ'
^w& lKavdhula ksr®udKh l< miq Tjqkaf.a m%:u ldr®hh jkafka" b;s˙ ls¯ug kshe,Suhs' i;sm;d ld,dka;rhla ;=<
fldmuK m%udKhla b;s˙ l< hq;=o hkak lKavdhfï idud‚lhska úiska ;SrKh l< hq;=h' b;=reï m%udKh ksr®Kh
ls¯fuka wk;=rej i;sm;d yuqùïj,° b;=reï tl;= lr tu uqo,a iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kj, lKavdhï b;=reï
.sKqul ner ls¯u is≥ l< hq;=h'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 65

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

^wd& lKavdhï b;=reï wruqof,a mqoa., .sKqï md,khg wod< kshuhka yd fldkafoais i|yd lKavdhu úiska j.lsh hq;=h'
;ks mqoa.,fhl=g lKavdhfï wfkl=;a ishÆu idud‚lhkaf.a wkque;shlska f;drj lKavdhï b;=reï .sKqfuka uqo,a
wdmiq ,nd .ekSu is≥ l< fkdyel'
^we& iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kfhka idud‚lfhl=g Kh uqo,la ,enqKq miq" lKavdhï b;=reï .sKqfï we;s ;ekam;= Kh
uqo,g iudk foam,la$wdrlaIKhla f,i r|jkq ,nk w;r" wod< Kh iïmQr®Kfhka mshjk ;=re ;ekam;= uqo, ksoyia
fkdlrkq we;' flfia fj;;a" fjf<|fmd, mj;akd fmd,S wkqmd;hkag wod< fmd,S uqo,la b;=reï .sKqfï fYaIh
mokï lrf.k ,nd fok w;r" th lKavdhu i;= foam,;a f,i r|jkq ,efí'
^wE& iuia; lKavdhfï lKavdhï wruqo,a l<ukdlrKh iïmQr®K l< miq lKavdhfï kdhl yd f,alï ;k;=re
orkakka úiska lKavdhï b;=reï .sKqï ls%hd lrjkq ,nhs' lKavdhfï ishÆfokdf.a wkque;sh u; muKla lKavdhï
b;=reï .sKqïj,ska uqo,a wdmiq ,nd .ekSu is≥ l< yel'
^b& ;u ;ekam;=j, ksrjoahNdjh ;yjqre lr .ekSug yels jk m˙† iEu lKavdhï yuqùul°u lKavdhï kdhlhd úiska
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kfhka ksl=;a lrk ,o b;s˙ ls¯fï fmd; iNdjg b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
lKavdhï idud‚l;ajfha lsishï fjkila we;s jqjfyd;a" b;s˙ idud‚lhska ishÆfokdf.a wkque;sh u; iyNd.s;aj
uQ,H wruqo,g lKavdhï kdhl fyda f,alï úiska oekqï †h hq;= w;r" f,cr$n,m;%j, wjYH ixfYdaOkhka is≥ l<
hq;=h'
14' lKavdhï idud‚lhska mqyqKq ls¯u
^w& fuu jevigyfka ;reKhka mqyqKq ls¯u hgf;a m%;s,dNSka i|yd mqyqKqj ,nd °u ^oDv yd uD≥ l=i,;d& is≥ lrhs'
^wd& úúO N+f.da,Sh m%foaY wdjrKh jk m˙† iyNd.s jk m%udKh u; mokïj fcHIaG l<ukdlrejkaf.a iyfhda.h
we;sj iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska mqyqKq hehs ixúOdkh lrkq ,efí'
^we& mqyqKq ls¯ï i|yd jk úhou m%;s,dNSkaf.ka ksoyia jk w;r" th jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK wxYh úiska orkq ,efí'
15' Kh ,nd .ekSug imqrd,sh hq;= iq≥iqlï
lKavdhulg Kh ,nd .ekSu i|yd wju udi 03 l mQr®j ld,hla isáh hq;= w;r" tu ld,h ;=<° lKavdhfï idud‚lhka
idudkH b;s˙ ls¯ï iy f.j;= j.d lghq;= jeks lKavdhï ls%hdldrlïj, ksr; úh hq;=h'
16' mqoa., Kh m%udKhka
wdodhï W;amdok ls%hdldrlï i`oyd re' 30"000 isg re' 300"000 l mrdihlg hg;aj ;ks mqoa., m%;s,dNSka i|yd Kh ,nd
°u is≥ flfr®'
17' iyk ld,h
wjYH jQ úfgl wdr®:ßl lghq;=j, iajNdjh u; iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska m%;s,dNSka yg iyk ld,hla ,nd °u is≥
lrhs' iyk ld,fha Wm˙uh udi yhlg iSud jk w;r" tu iyk ld,h ;=<° fmd,S uqo, f.ùug m%;s,dNshd ne£ isà'
18' fmd,S wkqmd;
lDIsldr®ñl ixjr®Okh i|yd jQ cd;Hka;r wruqof,ka ,nd .kakd uqo,a ishhg 3'25la jQ jdr®Isl fmd,S wkqmd;h hgf;a
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k fj; ,nd fok w;r" Tjqka tu uqo,a ishhg 6'5la jQ jdr®Isl fmd,S
wkqmd;hla hgf;a m%;s,dNSka yg ,nd fokq ,efí'
19' kej; f.ùfï kshuhka iy ld,iSudj
fláld,Sk fnda. j.djka i|yd ,nd .kakd lDIsldr®ñl Kh udi 09 la jeks flá ld,hla ;=< wdmiq f.úh hq;= w;r"
wfkl=;a Kh i|yd kej; f.ùfï ld,iSudj udi 36 fkdblauúh hq;= fõ' jHjidhlhkaf.a wfmalaIs; uqo,a m%jdyh u;
mokïj ldrl m%d.aOk Kh i`oyd kuHYS,S Kh wdmiq f.ùfï l%ufõohla iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska ielish hq;=h'
20' Kh wdrlaIKh
uQ,Or®uhla f,i fN!;sl iq/l=ï wjYH fkdfõ' Kh wdmiq f.ùï ,efnk f;la wksjdr®h lKavdhï b;=reï ^wju udi
3 la i|ydj;a& iq/l=ula f,i .; yelsh'
21' .sKqï yd uQ,H m%ldYk
^w& iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska Wm Kh ;lafiarej" wkque;shka" Kh uqodye¯u yd wdmiq whlr .ekSu i|yd iq≥iq
.sKqï yd jdr®;d mj;ajd .; hq;=h'
^wd& iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska" Kh ls%hdldrlï yd m%;suQ,H ls%hdldrlï fjkqfjka Wmfhda.S lr .ekSu i|yd fjka
fjkaj .sKqï mj;ajd .; hq;=h'
^we& iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska ilik ;u .sKqï yd uQ,H m%ldYk m¯laId ls¯ï yd iudf,dapkh i|yd m%dfoaYSh
ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j yd lDIsldr®ñl ixjr®Okh i|yd jQ cd;Hka;r wruqo, fj; ,nd .; yels jk f,i
ielish hq;= w;r" wjYH úg tu wdh;k fj; b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
22' Kh b,aÆïlrejka ,shdm†xÑh
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska Kh b,aÆïlrejkaf.a úia;r" Kh ,shdm†xÑ ls¯fï fmdar®uh" fufyhqï Wmfoia weuqKqu
^w& u.ska YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j" fj; iemhsh hq;=h'
23' m%;suQ,H ls%hdj,sh
fufyhqï Wmfoiays mkjd we;s fldkafoais wkqj YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska fuu fhdackd l%uh hgf;a m%∞kh lrk ,o
Kh i|yd 100] l m%;suQ,H iemhsh hq;= fõ'

III fldgi - 66 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

^w& iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;khkays YdLd ldr®hd, úiska Kh uqodye˙h miq tys m%Odk ldr®hd, u.ska m%;suQ,H" myiqlï
m%;smQr®Kh ls¯u i|yd jk wh≥ïm;a m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; b†˙m;a l< hq;= fõ' tu m%;su, Q H
wh≥ïm;a iu. my; ,smsf,aLk b†˙m;a úh hq;= fõ'
1' m%;suQ,H i|yd wh≥ïm;
2' Kh uq∞ye¯fï m%ldYh
3' wod< uqoaor .dia;= iu. fmdrdka≥ m;%hla
4' uq∞ye¯fï igyk
5' YS% ,xld uy nexl=j fj; flfrk m%;s{dj iu. mejreï m;%h
6' Kh uq∞ye¯fï ,smsh
^wd& m%;suQ,H ksoyia ls¯u wh≥ïm;a ,efnk ms<sfj,g YS% ,xld uy nexl=j u.ska is≥ lrkq ,nhs'
^we& Kh m%;suQ,H i|yd jk b,a,Sï" Kh uqodyer uila we;=<; wod< uQ,H wdh;kfha m%Odk ldr®hd,h yryd m%dfoaYSh
ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; b†˙m;a l< hq;= fõ'
^wE& m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm; ,eî i;shla we;=<; wod< f.ùï is≥ ls¯ug YS% ,xld uy nexl=j ne£ isà'
^b& YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ilik ,o Kh wdmiq f.ùfï ld,igyklg wkqj" iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska
m%d.aOkh yd fmd,S f.ùu is≥ l< hq;=h'
24' Wm Kh wdmiq f.ùu
^w& Kh ,dNshd" Kh jd˙l iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kh fj; f.úh hq;= fõ'
^wd& lKavdhï i;s /iaùïj,° kej; f.ùï$;ekam;a tl;= ls¯u i|yd iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska fcHIaG
l<ukdlrejka$lafIa;% ks,Od¯ka i|yd n,h ,nd ° we;' ta i|yd ,≥m;la ksl=;a lrkq ,nhs'
25' wdmiq meyer y˙kakka i|yd jk ls%hdudr®.
Kh wdmiq f.ùu meyer y˙kakka mqΩ,a lKavdhï follg jr®.SlrKh l< yelsh'
^w& is;du;d Kh f.ùu meyer y˙kakka
^wd& is;du;d fkdjk Kh f.ùu meyer y˙kakka
fuu jr®.SlrKh fcHIaG l<ukdlrejka" lafIa;% ks,Od¯ka" lKavdhï$ix.ï kdhlhska yryd uQ,H wdh;kfha YdLd
l<ukdlreg ,nd .; yels f;dr;=re u; mokïj is≥ lrkq ,nhs'
^w& ys;du;d Kh f.ùu meyer y˙kakka
.kqfokqlre wdodhu Wmoùfï ls%hdldrlï u.ska m%udKj;a wdodhula we;s nj fmkS hk kuq;a Tyqf.a nexl=j fj; we;s
ne£u f.ùug wfmdfydi;a kï Tyq ys;du;d Kh f.ùu meyer y˙kafkls'
^wd& ys;du;d fkdjk Kh f.ùu meyer ye¯u
hï iajNdúl fya;=jla ksid ^.xj;=r" kshÛh" lDñ Wj≥r& Kh f.ùug wfmdfydi;a kï fyda Khlreg md,kh l<
fkdyels hehs fcHIaaG l<ukdlrejka yd lafIa;% ks,Od¯kaf.a iydh we;sj l<ukdlre úiska ;SrKh lrkq ,nk
ldrKhla ys;du;d fkdjk Kh f.ùu meyer ye¯ula f,i jr®.SlrKh lrhs'
fuu jr®.SlrKhka fol i|ydu Kh wdmiq whlr .ekSfï l%ufõohka my; m˙† fõ'
^w& ys;du;d is≥ lrk Kh meyer ye¯ï whlr .ekSu i|yd blaukska kS;suh ls%hdudr®. .; hq;=h'
^wd& ys;du;d fkdjk Kh meyer ye¯ï is≥ ls¯ï iïnkaOj YdLd l<ukdlrejka" lafIa;% ks,Od¯ka Tjqka mqoa.,slju yuqù
kej; f.ùfï l%ufõohla ilid °u is≥ lrhs'
^we& hï .ekqïlrefjl=g by; fya;= u; Kh kej; f.ùu m%;sixúOdkh lr .ekSug wjYH kï lKavdhu iu.
idlÉPd lr tu lKavdhu u.ska wod< fcHIAG l<ukdlreg fhdackdjla b†˙m;a l< hq;= fõ' fuu fhdackdj tu
.kqfokqlreg kj Kh m%odkh ls¯ula fkdúh hq;=h'
b,a,Su idOdrK hehs yefÛk úg° fcHIaaG l<ukdlre m%;sixúOdkh ls¯u wkqu; lrkq ,nhs'
^wE& uQ,H wdh;kh úiska Kh kej; m%;sixúOdkh l< úg° m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska tlS m%;sixúOdkh
l< wdldrh mokïj m%;suQ,H.; ls¯u is≥ lrhs∙
.kqfokqlref.a uQ,H wjYH;djh u; m%;sixúOdkh l< miq whùug .;jk ld,h u; .,mk ,o uqo,a m%udKh
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska f.ùug tl;= fõ'
26' jHdmD;s wruqo,a uqodye¯u
wkqnoaê; Kh .súiqu w;aika ls¯u YS% ,xld uy nexl=j yd fulS l%uhg iyNd.s jk n,m;%,dNS jdKsc nexl=j úiska is≥
lrkq ,nhs'
n,m;%,dNS uQ,H wdh;k úiska ishÆ Kh ,ehsia;=.; l< hq;= w;r" m%;suQ,H i|yd ,nd ° we;s wdlD;s m;%h wod<
,smsf,aLk iu. Kh uqodyer uila we;=<; b†˙m;a l< hq;= fõ'
fuu b,aÆïm;a ,eîfuka miq wod< uQ,H wdh;khg m%;suQ,H.; ls¯u m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska ;SrKh
ls¯u is≥ lrhs'

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2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

27' .sKqï ú.Kkh

iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;khkays f;dr;=re u; mokïj m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska jdr®Isl úiska .sKqï
m%ldYk ms<sfh< lrk w;r th u.ska ú.Kkh lrkq we;'
ú.Kldêm;s jdr®;dfõ iy;sl l< msgm;la lDIslr®u ixjr®Okh i|yd jk wka;r®cd;sl wruqo, fj; m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok
fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska uQ,H jr®Ihla wjidkù udi 6 la .; ùug fmr ,nd †h hq;=h'
m%;suQ,H fhdackd l%ufha kshuhka" fldkafoais wjYH jQ úg ixfYdaOkh ls¯fï whs;sh YS% ,xld uy nexl=j i;= fõ'
fuhg - úYajdiS
tia'f–'ta' y|.u
wOHlaI
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
†kh (
Wm.%ka: I - m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm; ^w&
m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a wxlh (
fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl ( RDD$NADeP$2013$04
,smskh (
†kh (
cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixj¾Ok jevigyk hgf;a m%;suQ,H i|yd jk whÿïm;
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j fj;"
uy;auhdfKks"
^iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kfha ku& jk wm" n,m;%,dNS jdKsc
nexl=jla$n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=jla$,shdm†xÑ l,an≥ ia:dms;hla iy jHjia:dfjka iy;sl lrk ,o oekgu;a mj;sk
wdh;khla f,i by; i|yka Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a remsh,a ^re' & l Kh uqo,
fuhska wh≥ï lruq'
2. fuu wh≥ïm; b†˙m;a ls¯fï ° Tnf.a fufyhqï Wmfoia wxlh RDD/NADeP/2016/01 ys olajd we;s kshuhka yd fldkafoais
j,g hg;aj iy cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyk hgf;a 2016 †ke;s YS% ,xld uy nexl=j iy wm
.súi.;a WmKh .súiqug w∞<j" fuu wh≥ïm; b†˙m;a lruq'
3. by; lS fufyhqï Wmfoiaj,g wkql+,j by; m%;suQ,H Kh fhdackdl%uh hgf;a wh≥ï l< †kg wm úiska uila we;=<;
m%∞kh lrk ,o Kh m%ldYkfhys wkq msgm;la fï iu. wm tjd we;' fuu m%ldYkfhys i`oyka Kh lsisjla m%;suQ,H
Kh i`oyd óg fmr b†˙m;a lrk ,o lsisu m%ldYkhl i`oyka fkdjk njg iy;sl lruq'
4. (i) ;=kajk f√ofha i|yka by; Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a jk Kh" iq≥iq Khlrejka fj; iq≥iq jHdmD;s fj; ,nd °
;Dma;su;a jk nj;a"
(ii) tu Kh wod< Wm Khlrejkaf.a Kh ,nd .ekSfï yelshdj u; mokïj we;s nj;a"
(iii) fudkhï fya;=jla fyda ksid" tjeks Kh i|yd wem b,a,kq ,nk fõ,djl tu wemlrejkag tu n,;, we;s nj;a
ñka iy;sl lruq'
uQ,H wdh;kfha n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a ku (
úia;r yd w;aik
l<ukdlre" m%;suQ,H tallh

Wm.%ka: II - m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm; ^wd&

m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a wxlh (
^fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl ( RDD$NADeP$2013$04&
cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixj¾Ok jevigyk hgf;a Kh ksoyia lsÍfï m%ldYkh
fj; ( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
fj;ska ( m%;suQ,H tallh
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kh ( YdLdj ( †ia;s%lalh (

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úuiqï Khlref.a ku yd cd'ye' Kh ,nd Wm Kh ksoyia m%;suQ,H wh≥ïlrk iyk kej; f.ùfï Wm f,aLkh
wxlh ,smskh wxlh .ekSfï wruqK * m%udKh lrk †kh m%∞ks; Kh m%udKh ld,h
Kh m%udKh jd˙l m%udKh jd˙l jákdlu m<uq jd˙lh wjika jd˙lh
pl%h ** ^re'& m%udKh ^re'& .Kk f.úh hq;= f.úh hq;= †kh
†kh

tl;=j

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j yd iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k w;r jQ m%;suQ,H .súiqug tlÛ jQ m˙†" by; Kh uqo, kej; f.ùfï
Wmf,aLkh wkqj olajd we;s wr®O jdr®Isl jd˙lhka iys;j by; YS% ,xld uy nexl=j fj; mshjk njg wm úiska fmdfrdka≥
fjuq'
j.lsj hq;= ks,Od˙hdf.a w;aik
†kh (
*fufyhqï Wmfoiaj, 4 jk f√ofha i|ykaj we;s m˙†
**m<uq Kh uqo," fojk Kh uqo," f;jk Kh uqo, wd° f,i

Wm.%ka: III - fmdfrdka≥ fkdaÜgqj

m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a wxlh (
^fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl ( RDD$NADeP$2013$04
†kh (
b,a¨ï fmdfrdkaÿ fkdaÜgqj
^iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kfha ku yd ,smskh& jk wm úiska w;aika l< uqΩ
Kh uqo, jQ re' jdr®Islj fmd,S wkqmd;h hgf;a tys jQ fmd,S
uqo, o iu. fuys i|yka †kg" YS% ,xld uy nexl=j b,a,k mshùu is≥ lrk njg fld<U ° fuhska fmdfrdka≥ fjuq'

^iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kfha ku&

m%;suQ,H tallh
m%Odk ldr®hd,h
1'
2'
n,h,;a ks,Od¯kaf.a w;aika
^rnr® uqødj&
idlaIs (
1'
2'

Wm.%ka: IV - Ndr°fï ,smsh

m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a wxlh (
fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl ( RDD$NADeP$2013$04
†kh (
Ndr§fï ,smsh
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j fj;"
cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyka hgf;a jQ †ke;s fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl RDD$NADeP$2013$04
m˙†" m%;suQ,H fhdackd l%uh hgf;a Kh ,nd°u i,ld n,d tlÛ jQ Kh m%udKh jk remsh,a
^re & uqo, i|yd jQ fmdfrdka≥ fkdaÜgqfõ remsh,a ^re' & l uqo,"
b,aÆï lrk ,o fmd,S uqo, o iu. fuhska tjkq ,efí'
fuys° f.ùula is≥ fkdlrk w;r" fmdfrdka≥ fkdaÜgqj w.re ùu iïnkaOj oekaùu wjYH fkdjk njg ;yjqre lruq'

fjkqfjka ^nexl=fõ$uQ,H wdh;kfha ku&

m%;suQ,H tallh
m%Odk ldr®hd,h
1'
2'
^n,h,;a ks,Od¯kaf.a w;aika&

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Wm.%ka: V - Kh wmiq f.ùfï Wmf,aLkh

m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a wxlh (
^fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl ( RDD$NADeP$2013$04
†kh (
uqo,a kS;s mkf;a mßÉfþo wxl 88A hgf;a" YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ
uqo,a uKav,hg wem jk njg fokq ,nk m%;s×j*
wms ^iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kfha ku iy ,smskh& uqo,a mkf;a m˙Éf√o wxl
88A ys fldkafoaisj,g wkqj iy my; oelafjk Wmf,aLkhg wkqj" YS% ,xld uy nexl=jg wm úiska ,nd .;a Kh uqo, jk
remsh,a ^re' & l uqo, l jdr®Isl fmd,S wkqmd;slh
hgf;a wod< fmd,sh o iu. kej; f.jk njg wem fjuq'

Wmf,aLkh
Kh ,dNshdf.a ku iy
Kh m%udKh ^re'& †kh fkd;d˙ia
,smskh

n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a w;aik

^iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kfha ku&
m%;suQ,H tallh
m%Odk ldr®hd,h
*n,m;%,dNS úfYaI nexl=j n,m;%,dNS jdKsc nexl= i|yd muKs

Wm.%ka: VI - Kh uq∞ye¯fï ,smsh

iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;khkays Kh uq∞ye¯fï ,smsh
^fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl ( RDD$NADeP$2013$04
nexl=fõ ku (
nexl= fla;h (
YdLdfõ ku (
YdLd fla;h (
Kh uqof,a wkq wxlh (
†kh (
Kh pl%h* ( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Kh uqodye¯u** ( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

úuiqï wxlh
1' Khlref.a úia;r
1'1 Khlrejdf.a ku (
1'2 Khlrejdf.a ,smskh (
2' Kh ms<sn| úia;r
2'1 Kh ,nd .kakd wruqK***
2'2 Wm jHdmD;sfha msysàu (
2'3 wkqu; jQ uqΩ Kh uqo, ( re'
ms˙jeh by< hdu fya;=fjka Kh uqof,a jeä ls¯ï ( re'
uqΩ uqo, ( re'
(

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III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

2'4 Kh wkqu; jQ uq,a †kh (

Kh jeäùï wkqu; jQ †kh (
2'5 b,aÆï l< m%;suQ,H i|yd jQ mshùfï f,aLkh
^i& iyk ld,h ^ii& jd˙l .Kk
^ii& jd˙l ixLHdj ^iv& jd˙lfha m%udKh
v& m<uq jd˙l f.úh hq;= †kh
2'6 fmd,S wkqmd;h
3' Kh uqof,a ;;a;ajh
3'1 fmr ksl=;a lrk ,o uqo, yd YS% ,xld uy nexl=fjka
m%;suQ,H wh≥ï lrk ,o m%udKh ( re'
3'2 oekg uqoyer we;s Kh uqo, yd m%;suQ,H b,aÆï lrk
m%udKh ( re'
uqΩ uqo, ( (

by; i|yka ishÆ f;dr;=re i;H yd ksjer† njg ;yjqre lrñ'

YLd l<ukdlref.a w;aik YLd l<ukdlref.a ku

†kh (

* Kh pl%fha m<uq" fojk fyda wod< ms<sfj, wkqj x i,l=Kla fhdokak'

** Kh jd˙l wkqm<s sfj, wkqj" wod< fldgqfõ x i,l=Kla fhdokak'
*** fufyhqï Wmfoiaj, 7 f√ofha i|yka m˙† wodhï Wmoùfï ls%hdj,shg wkqj Kh uqof,a wruqK i|yka lrkak'

Wm.%ka: VII
w¾: oelaùï
fufyhqï Wmfoiaj, ´kEu ;ekl i|yka lr we;s m˙† Kh .súiqfï ksr®jpkh lr we;s fldkafoaisj, wr®: my; m˙† fõ'
^w& fufyhqï Wmfoia hkqfjka y`≥kajkq ,nkafka" cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyfkys Kh wxl 797 - LK 1 i|yd
wod< fufyhqï Wmfoia jk w;r" tajd YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ksl=;a lr wod< m˙† ixfYdaOkh lr we;'
^wd& w;sfr®l Kh .súiqu hkq YS% ,xld uy nexl=j yd wod< iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k w;r we;s lr .;a Kh .súiqu jk w;r"
th 10'2'1 fldgfiys olajd we;s YS% ,xld rch yd lDIsldr®ñl ixjr®Okh i|yd jQ cd;ahka;r wruqo, w;r we;s jk uQ,H
.súiqfuys úia;r lr we;'
^we& Wm Kh hkqfjka y`≥kajkq ,nkafka iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska iq≥iqlï,dNS wjidk m˙YS,lhla i|yd ,nd fokq
,nk Kh fõ'
^wE& Wm Kh .súiqu hkqfjka y`≥kajkq ,nkafka iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k Rcqju wjidk m˙YS,lh;a iu. w;aika lrk ,o
.súiqu fõ'
^b& m%;suQ,H Kh hkqfjka y`≥kajkq ,nkafka uQ,H .súiqfï 4'2 ^w& fldgfia úia;r lr we;s m˙†" YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k fj; ,nd fok Kh uqo,a fõ'
Wm.%ka: VIII
Kh iemhqï" m%;suQ,H Kh yd YS% ,xld uy nexl=j fj;ska imhk fjk;a fiajd
^w& b,lal.; Pkao fldÜGYj, †<s`≥ mjq,a i|yd iyfhda.h ,nd °ug fuu lKavdhï mdol Kh fhdackd l%uh iyNd.s;aj
uQ,H wdh;k úiska ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nhs' fï hgf;a iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska †jhsk mqrd Kh iemhSu is≥ lrkq
,nhs'
^wd& fuu jevigyfka b,lal yd wruqKq jkafka YdLd mokï Kh l%uhla fkdj" lKavdhï mdol lr .;a lafIa;% ks,Od¯ka
fyda iudc i„ùlrKhka yryd ls%hd;aul jk Kh iemhqï l%uhla iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k yryd ls%hd;aul ls¯uhs' fuys°
m%;s,dNSkaf.a l<ukdlrK jdr®;dj yd Wm jHdmD;sj, idr®:l;ajh jeä†hqKq lr .ekSug;a" ksIamdokh yd wf,úlrKh
mokï lr.;a ixúOdkj,g y†is wjia:dj,g uqyqK °ug Yla;su;a m%cd uOHia:dkhla we;s lr .ekSug;a" m%;s,dNSka
mqyqKqj yd wf,úlrK kfjda;amdok we;=Ω fjk;a iydh fiajdj, ∞hl;ajh ,nd .kakd njg iyNd.S;aj uQ,H wdh;k
iy;sl úh hq;=h' fuys° fuu jevigyk hgf;a Wm Kh wod< lKavdhfï mqoa.,hka ioyd ,nd †h hq;= w;r" Kh kej;
wh lr .ekSfï ls%hdj,sh i|yd iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska wod< ls%hdudr®. .; hq;=h'

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^we& iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska fuu jevigyk Rcqju ls%hd;aul l< hq;= w;r" ta i|yd lKavdhï mdol ls%hdj,shla
hgf;a Kh iemhSug wod< ishÆu ls%hdj,Ska fufyh úh yels m%udKj;a f,i mqyqKq lrk ,o lemùfuka hq;= fcHIaG
l<ukdlrejka fiajfha fhoùu is≥ l< hq;= fõ' fuys° iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska fufyhqï Wmfoia j, ksYaÑ;j
olajd we;s fmd,S wkqmd; j,g wkql+,j Wm Kh i|yd fmd,S wkqmd; wh l< hq;= w;r" Kh uqof,ys l,a ms¯fï ld,h
udi 9 - 36 w;r úh hq;=h' fmd,S wkqmd; jr®Ihlg ishhg 6'5 fkdblau úh hq;=h'
^wE& lsisu fya;=jla u; iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska fufyhqï Wmfoia j, olajd we;s Kh iemhSfï ls%hdj,sfhka m˙ndysrj
YdLd ls%hdj,Ska yryd Rcqj Kh uqo,a uqodye¯u is≥ fkdl< hq;=h'
^b& Kh iemhSug wod< jHdmD;s wruqKq YdlaId;a lr .ekSug;a" m%;s,dNSkaf.a mqyqKqj yd YlH;d jr®Okh i|yd;a" fjka lr
we;s ishÆ uqo,a iïmQr®Kfhka ,nd .ekSu i|yd;a iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j"
jHdmD;s fufyhqï tallh yd ckdêm;s f,alï ldr®hd,h iu. tlaj lghq;= l< hq;= fõ'
^B& jHdmD;sfha ls%hdldrlïj, ksr;j isák lafIa;% ks,Od¯kaf.a m%.;sh ms<sn|j udisl idrdxY jdr®;djla iyNd.s;aj uQ,H
wdh;k úiska b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
^W& YS% ,xld uy nexl=jg wjYH wjia:dj, lDIsldr®ñl ixjr®Okh i|yd jQ cd;Hka;r wruqo,g yd YS% ,xld rchg f;dr;=re
,nd °u myiq ls¯u i|yd iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska fufyhqï Wmfoiaj, olajd we;s jHdmD;s wëlaIK wjYH;dj
Rcqju ms<sme†h hq;=h'
^W!& fufyhqï Wmfoiaj, olajd we;s m˙† m%;suQ,H i|yd fhdod fkd.kakd ,o hï uqo,la we;s nj wkdjrKh jqjfyd;a
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ b,a,Su wkqj uila we;=<; tu uqo, kej; wdmiq f.úh hq;=h'
^t& iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska m%;s,dNshdg ,nd ≥ka Kh uqo,a ms<sn| ishÆ jdr®;d wod< jHdmD;sh wjidk ùfuka miq wju
jYfhka jir 3 la hk;=re r|jd ;nd .; hq;=h'
^ta& lDIsldr®ñl ixjr®Okh i|yd jQ cd;Hka;r wruqo," YS% ,xld rch" YS% ,xld uy nexl=j yd jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK wxYfha
b,a,Su m˙† tlS wdh;kj, ksfhda‚;hkag iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k" wjika m˙YS,lhka" Wm jHdmD;s ks¯laIKhg wjYH
lghq;= i,id °u iy Kh wh≥ïm;a we;=,;aj w∞, ,shlshú,s iy jdr®;d iemhSu iyNd.S;aj uQ,H wdh;k yryd is≥l<
hq;=h'
^T& fufyhqï Wmfoiaj, olajd we;s m˙†" m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a ,eîfuka miq YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska wod< wruqo,a Ndú;d lr
m%;suQ,H Kh ,nd °u is≥ l< hq;=h'
Wm Kh l,a msfrk ld,h m%;suQ,H Khj, i|yka úh hq;=h' tneúka ta Wm Khj, Wm˙u Kh wdmiq f.jqï ld,hg
.e,fmk m˙†" wod< ld,iSudj udi 09 isg udi 36 olajd úh hq;=h'
^´& m%;suQ,H Kh i|yd YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ishhg 3'25 l jdr®Isl fmd,S wkqmd;hla wh lrk w;r" wod< Kh uqo,a iEu
jirlu cQks 30 yd foieïnr® 31 g fmr wr®O jdr®Islj jd˙l fmd,S iu. kej; wh lr .; hq;=h' ;;ald,Sk o< mshùfï
moaO;sh yryd by; f.ùï is≥ ls¯ug iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kj,g yelshdj mj;S'

fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl( RDD$CSDDLS$2013$01 ^A - 03& m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
;e'fm' 590
fkd'30" ckdêm;s udj;
fld<U 01'
≥'l' - 2477452" 2398748
µelaia - 2477724
2016 ckjd˙ ui 14 jk †k
ishΩu iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k fj;

uyd mßudK lsß ksIamdok ixj¾Ok Kh fhdackd l%ufhys

fufyhqï Wmfoia ixfYdaOkh lsÍu
uyd m˙udK ls˙ ksIamdok ixjr®Ok Kh fhdackd l%uh ls%hd;aul ls¯u i|yd 2013 uehs ui 08 †k ksl=;a lrk ,o
RDD$CSDDLS$2013$01 wxl ork fufyhqï Wmfoia ys 8 jeks j.ka;sh my; m˙† ixfYdaOkh lr we;'
8' Kh wdmiq f.ùfï ld,h (- Kh wdmiq f.ùu i|yd jQ Wm˙u ld,h jHdmD;sfha wjYH;djh u; mokïj udi 12 l iyk
ld,hla o we;=<;aj jir 5 la jkq we;'
uyd m˙udK ls˙ ksIamdok ixjr®Ok Kh fhdackd l%ufha fufyhqï Wmfoiays wfkl=;a ishÆu kshuhka yd fldkafoais
fkdfjkiaj mj;sk w;r" by;ska olajd we;s ixfYdaOkh 2016 ckjd˙ ui 14 †k isg ls%hd;aul fõ'

tia'f–'ta' y|.u
wOHlaI$m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j

III fldgi - 72 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl ( RDD$SEPI$2016$01

m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
;e'fm' 590
wxl 30" ckdêm;s udj;
fld<U 01
2016 wfma%,a
ish¨‍u iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k fj;"
iajhx /lshd m%j¾Ok uQ,drïNl Kh fhdackd l%uh wÈhr II - fufyhqï Wmfoia
^SEPI Kh fhdackd l%uh wÈhr II&
1' jHdmD;sh ye¢kaùu
iajhx /lshd m%jr®Ok uQ,drïNl Kh fhdackd l%uh w†hr II (SEPI Kh fhdackd l%uh w†hr II) l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j úiska uqo,a wud;HxYh yd ksmqK;d ixjr®Ok yd jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wud;HxYh iu. m˙md,k .súiqulg t<U ;sfí'
SEPI Kh fhdackd l%uh w†hr II l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk ye;a;E myl Kh uqo,la ^75"000"000& ksmqK;d ixjr®Ok
yd jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wud;HdxYh fj; ,nd °u i|yd uqo,a wud;HxYh úiska tl`. ù we;s w;r" wruqo,a jd˙l jYfhka Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=j fj; udre lrkq ,efí' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j uqo,a wud;HxYh yd ksmqK;d ixjr®Ok yd jD;a;Sh mqyqKq
wud;HxYh tlaj y`≥kdf.k ;sfnk iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k yryd SEPI Kh fhdackd l%uh w†hr II l%shd;aul ls¯u Y%S
,xld rch fjkqfjka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska is≥ lrhs'
1'1 jHdmD;sfha wruqKq
;D;Sh yd jD;a;Sh wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj ^TVEC& hgf;a ,shdm†xÑ ù we;s jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wdh;k u.ska mj;ajkq
,nk cd;sl jD;a;Sh l=i,;d iy;slh fyda ämaf,daudj fyda ;dlaIK wOHdmk mqyqKq fomdr®;fïka;=j ^DTET& fyda
cd;sl wOqksl;aj iy ldr®ñl mqyqKq ls¯fï wêld˙h ^VTHST& fyda Y%S ,xld jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wêld˙h ^VTASL& fyda
Y%S ,xld uqøK wdh;kh u.ska mj;ajkq ,nk jD;a;Sh mqyqKq mdGud,djla iy cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd wdr®:ßl lghq;=
wud;HxYh hgf;a we;s cd;sl ;reK‍ fiajd iNdj ^NYSC& u.ska mj;ajkq ,nk jD;a;Sh mqyqKq mdGud,djla iy
ksmqK;d ixjr®Ok yd jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wud;HxYh ‍ hgf;a we;s y`≥kd.;a mqyqKq wdh;khka u.ska mj;ajkq ,nk
jHjidhl;aj ixjr®Ok jevigyk iïmQr®K lr we;s mqyqKq ;reK ;re◊hka tkï" SEPI Kh fhdackd l%uh w†hr
II ys Wm Khlrejkag ;udf.au iajhx /lshd jHdmD;shla wdrïN ls¯u i|yd uQ,H wdOdr iemhSu'
1'2 Kh jevigyk
1'2'1 Y%S ,xld rch fjkqfjka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j ^m%d'ix'fo'& úiska fuu Kh
fhdackd l%uh l%shd;aul lrkq ,efí'
1'2'2 ksmqK;d ixjr®Ok yd jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wud;HxYh u.ska y`≥kd .;a flá ld,Sk" uOH ld,Sk yd †.=ld,Sk jHdmD;s
i|yd m%;suQ,H m%;smdokh ls¯u i|yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska remsh,a ñ,shk 75 l rcfha wruqo,a fhdod .ekSu
is≥ lrk w;r" iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska uQ,Hkh is≥ lrkq ,nhs' Wod(- ,xld nexl=j" uyck nexl=j"
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok nexl=j" iïm;a nexl=j" yegka keIk,a nexl=j" fldur®I,a nexl=j" iKi ixjr®Ok nexl=j iy
ksjdi ixjr®Ok uQ,H ixia:d nexl=j'
2' jHdmD;sfhys iuia; l<ukdlrKh
2'1 fuu jHdmD;sfha iuia; l<ukdlrKh i|yd ksmqK;d ixjr®Ok yd jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wud;HxYh j.lSu orkq ,nk
w;r" jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd ksmqK;d ixjr®Ok yd jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wud;HxYhg yd uqo,a wud;HxYhg
myiqlï ie,iSu m%d'ix'fo' úiska is≥ lrkq ,efí'
2'2 ksmqK;d ixjr®Ok yd jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wud;HxYfha$mqyqKq wdh;kj, j.lSu'
2'2'1 wod< wOHhk jevigyka iïmQr®K ls¯fuka miq iajhx /lshd jHdmD;shla wdrïN ls¯ug wfmalaIdfjka isák
isiqka y`≥kd .ekSu'
2'2'2 jHdmD;s jdr®;d ilia ls¯u i|yd iydh ùu'
2'2'3 ;ks mqoa., Wm jHdmD;s wëlaIKh yd miq úmrï ls¯u'
2'2'4 iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k fj; Kh uqo,a wdmiq f.ùug Wkka≥ ls¯u
3' l%shd;aul hdka;%Kh
uqo,a wud;HxYh ( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wjYH;dj m˙† wruqo,a udre ls¯u'
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j ( fufyhqï Wmfoia ksl=;a ls¯u yd Y%S ,xld rcfhka ,o wruqo,a j,ska iyNd.s;aj
uQ,H wdh;k fj; Kh ,nd °u'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 73

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

ksmqK;d ixjr®Ok yd jD;a;Sh

mqyqKq wud;HxYh yd mqyqKq wdh;k ( iyNd.S;aj uQ,H wdh;k fj; iq≥iqlï ,;a Wm Khlrejka ksr®foaY ls¯u" Kh
fhdackd l%ufha l%shdld¯;ajh ks¯laIKh ls¯u iy ksis fõ,djg iyNd.s;aj uQ,H
wdh;k fj; Kh kej; f.ùug Wm Khlrejka Wkka≥ ls¯u is≥ lrkq ,efí'
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k ( ksmqK;d ixjr®Ok yd jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wud;HxYh úiska ksr®foaYs; Wm
Khlrejka i|yd Kh ,nd °u" miq úmrï wëlaIKh yd Wm Khlrejkaf.ka
Kh wdmiq wh lr .ekSu'
4' jHdmD;s ld,iSudj
wdrïNh - 2016 wfm%a,a
wjidkh - uqo,a wud;HxYh ;SrKh lrk m˙†
5' l%shd;aul m%foaY - †jhsk mqrd
6' iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska Kh ,nd °u i|yd iq≥iqlï,;a Wm Khlrejka
ksmqK;d ixjr®Ok yd jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wud;HxYh hgf;a ,shdm†xÑ ù we;s ms<s.;a jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wdh;khla u.ska mj;ajkq
,nk cd;sl jD;a;Sh mqyqKqj fyda fjk;a jD;a;Sh mqyqKq mdGud,djla iy jHjidhl;aj ksmqK;d ixjr®Ok jevigykla
iïmQr®K lr ;sìh hq;=h'
ƒƒ fhda‚; jHdmdrh i|yd iq≥iq ia:dkhla ;sìh hq;=h'
ƒƒ iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kfha iudf,dapkhg yd wkque;sh ,nd .ekSu i|yd jHdmdr ie,eiaula b†˙m;a ls¯ug yels
úh hq;=h'
ƒƒ SEPI Kh fhdackd l%uh II hgf;a uqo,a ,nd°fï° mqyqKq jQ ldka;djkag jeä m%uqL;djla ,ndfokq we;'
7' iq≥iq Wm jHdmD;s
cd;sl jD;a;Sh mqyqKqj hgf;a ,ehsia;=.; ishÆ‍ jD;a;Ska iy ;dlaI◊l lafIa;%hka weuqKqu I ys iq≥iqlï ,;a Wm jHdmD;s
hgf;a i|yka lr we;'
8' uQ,H YlH;djh
Wm jHdmD;sj, uQ,H YlH;djh ;yjqre ls¯u i|yd jHdmD;s m¯laId ls¯u iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kj, l<ukdlrejka
úiska is≥ l< hq;= fõ' ta wkqj" wOHdmk iq≥iqlï" ksmqK;d yd kej; f.ùfï yelshdj u; mokïj wh≥ïlref.a
fhda.H;dj iy Kh m%udKh ;SrKh ls¯u o iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k l<ukdlre úiska is≥ l< hq;=h'
9' Kh iq/l=u
9'1 iEu Kh uqo,la i|ydu Khlref.ka iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;khg mlaIj fmdfrdka≥ m;%hla ,nd .ekSug iyNd.s;aj
uQ,H wdh;kh úiska is≥ l< hq;= fõ'
9'2 by; lreKg wu;rj" iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;khg ms<s.; yels wemlrejka fofoffkl= úiska w;aika lrk ,o wem
.súiqula ,nd fok f,i iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kh úiska Khlref.ka b,a,Sula l< yelsh'
9'3 iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska rfÜ iudkH Wlia kS;s wkq.ukh l< hq;= w;r" iq/l=ï wjYH;djh l=ulao hkak
;SrKh ls¯fï ksoyi we;'
10' Kh fldkafoais
m%;suQ,H ( Kh uqof,ka ishhg ishhl m%;sY;hla'
fmd,S wkqmd;h ( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska iyNd‍.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k fj; ishhg 3 lg jdr®Isl
fmd,shla hgf;a wruqo,a ,nd fokq ,efí'
iyNd.s;aj wdh;k i|yd wdmiq ( jHdmD;sfha wjYH;djh wkqj" iyk ld,h o we;=Ωj Wm˙u jir 4 ls ^iyk
f.ùfï ld,h ld,h ;=<° fmd,sh wh lrkq ,efí'&
Wm Kh i|yd fmd,S wkqmd;h ( jdr®Islj ishhg 7 ls' ^iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k u.ska Wm Khlrejka i`oyd&
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ld,fhka ld,hg fmd,S wkqmd;h kshu lrkq we;'
Wm Khlrejka i|yd Kh iSudj ( Wm˙u tAlmqoa., Wm Kh m%udKh re' 500"000$- la úh hq;=h'
11' iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kj, ldr®hhka
11'1 iEu iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;khla úiskau"
11'1'1 m%Odk ldr®hd, iu. Wm Kh l%shdldrlï iïnkaëlrKh ls¯ug iy wëlaIKhg fcHIaG ks,Od˙fhl=f.a
m%Odk;ajfhka hq;a jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK tallhla l%shd;aul l< hq;=h'
11'1'2 nexl= YdLd u.ska fuu jHdmD;sfhys jdr®Isl ldr®hidOk Kh b,lal ilia lr ldr®;=uh jYfhka m%.;s
iudf,dapkh l< hq;= fõ'
11'1'3 Kh wëlaIKhg iy Kh wdmiq wh lr .ekSu i|yd m%udKj;a ldr®h uKav,hla iu. m%udKj;a lafIa;%
ks,Od¯ka ixLHdjla kï lrk ,o YdLdjkays we;s nj iy;sl l< hq;= fõ'

III fldgi - 74 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

11'1'4 tys nexl= YdLd úiska uQ,Hkh lrk ,o Wm jHdmD;sj, fN!;sl m%.;sh iudf,dapkh i`oyd ksrka;rfhka t;eka
m¯laIK meje;aùu iy m¯laIK jdr®;d ieliSu'
11'1'5 uqo,a wud;HxYfha NdKavd.dr fu‍fyhqï fomdr®;fïka;=fõ NdKavd.dr f,alï fj; jdr®;djla ,nd °ug Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=jg yels jk m˙†" Kh uqod ye¯ï yd Kh wh lr .ekSïj,g ldr®;=uh m%.;s jdr®;d b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
12' iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k YdLd ldr®hhka
12'1 Wm jHdmD;s m¯laId ls¯u'
wod< YdLdfõ YdLd l<ukdlre Kh i|yd b,a¨‍ïm;la ,eîfuka miqj Wm jHdmD;sh ks¯laIK lghq;= is≥ l< hq;=
w;r" Tyq$weh my; i|yka ksr®Kdhl Wm jHdmD;sh u.ska idOkh lr we;s njg iEySulg m;a úh hq;=h'
uQ,H YlH;dj
ldr®ñl ^;dlaI◊l& YlH;dj
m˙ir ixys†hdj
ksIamdok$fiajd wf,úh
12'2' Kh ksoyia ls¯u'
12'2'1 jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul ls¯fï ie,iqu ie<ls,a,g .ksñka ksl=;a ls¯ug wfmalaIs; Kh uqof,a jd˙l m%udKh yd
uqo, iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k YdLd l<ukdlre úiska ;SrKh l< hq;=‍ fõ'
12'2'2 YdLd l<ukdlre" iEu Kh jd˙lhla ksl=;a ls¯fuka wk;=reju" iyNd.S;aj uQ,H wdh;khkays YdLd
l<uKdlrejka úiska Wm jHdmD;s m˙laId ls¯u i`oyd lafIa;% m¯laIdjka wLKavj is≥ l< hq;=h'
13' Wm Kh wdmiq wh lr .ekSu'
Wm Khlrejkaf.ka Kh wh lr .ekSfï j.lSu YdLd l<ukdlrejka i;= fõ' ksmqK;d ixjr®Ok yd jD;a;Sh mqyqKq
wud;HxYfha ks,Od¯ka úiska ksis fõ,djg f.úh hq;= uqo,a wh lr .ekSu i|yd YdLd l<ukdlrejkag iyfhda.h fokq
,efí' iyk ld,h ;=<°" fmd,sh f.ùu Wm Khlrejka úiska is≥ lr hq;= fõ' iyk ld,hg miqj" YdLd l<ukdlrejka
úiska Kh uqo, iy fmd,sh wh lr .ekSug lghq;= l< hq;= fõ'
14' mYapd;a - Kh wëlaIKh iy miq úmrï
14'1 YdLd úiska uQ,Hkh lrk ,o jHdmD;s yd whs;uhkag w∞<j l,ska l,g m¯laIK meje;aùu iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k
YdLd úiska is≥ l< hq;=h'
14'2 jHdmD;sh ls%hd;aul jk wdldrh .ek iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k YdLdj iEySulg m;a fkdjk iy$fyda Wm Kh
Ndú;h Wm jHdmD;s we.hSfï i|yka lr ;snQ wruqKq i|yd fkdjk wjia:djl° iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k YdLdj my;
i|yka läkï l%shdudr®. .; hq;=h'
14'2'1 b;s˙ Wm Kh jd˙l ksoyia ls¯u w;aysgqùu
14'2'2 Wm Kfhys f.ùug we;s uqo, jydu wh lr .ekSug lghq;= ls¯u
14'2'3 ksmqK;d ixjr®Ok yd jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wud;HxYhg" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=jg
jdr®;d ls¯u'
15' m%;suQ,H uqodye¯u
15'1 úuiSï wxlh
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ,shdm†xÑ l< iy úuiSï wxlhla ,nd ° we;s Wm Khlrejka i|yd muKla m%;suQ,H ,nd
fokq ,efí' fuu wruqK bgq lr .ekSu i|yd ,shdm†xÑ ls¯u i|yd wh≥ïlrejka ^weuqKqu II& ms<sn| úia;r b†˙m;a
ls¯u iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k YdLd úiska is≥ l< hq;= fõ'
15'2 m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a
m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kfhys m%Odk ldr®hd,h yryd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok
fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; túh hq;=h' my; i|yka ,shú,s iy m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a túh hq;=h'
1' m%;suQ,H i|yd wh≥ïm; ^weuqKqu III&
2' Kh uqodye¯fï m%ldYkh ^weuqKqu IV&
3' b,aÆï fmdfrdka≥ fkdaÜgqj ^weuqKqu V&
4' uqodye¯fï ,smsh ^weuqKqu VI&
5' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg fmdfrdka≥ udr®.fhka mej¯fï wdlD;sh ^weuqKqu VII&
6' Ndr °fï ,smsh ^weuqKqu VIII&
15'3 wkque;sh i`oyd m<uqj meñ◊ m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a j,g m%uqL;d moku u; m%;suQ,H ,nd °u m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska is≥ lrkq ,efí'
15'4 miqj uqody˙k ,o Wm Kh jd˙lj, m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a" ;lafiare jdr®;dj yer by; i|yka l< wfkl=;a ishÆ‍ ,shú,s
iu. túh hq;=h'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 75

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

15'5 Kh uqody, †k isg uila we;=<; m%;suQ,H ysñlï mEï m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; túh hq;=h'
15'6 iïmQr®K lrk ,o m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a i|yd ,o †k isg †k 15 la we;=<; m%;suQ,H ,nd.; yels nj m%foaYSh ixjr®Ok
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ;yjqre lrkq ,efí'
16' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j fj; m%;suQ,H kej; f.ùu'
16'1 iEu jirlu cQks 30 iy foieïnr® 31 hk †khkays iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j fj; m%;suQ,H
Kh i|yd m%d.aOkh yd fmd,sh f.úh hq;= fõ'
16'2 m%;suQ,H ,nd °fuka udi yhlg miqj fyda iyk ld,h wjika jQ miqj m<uq Kh wdmiq wh lr .ekSu is≥ l< hq;=
fõ'
17' iq≥iq .sKqï iy jdr®;d mj;ajd .ekSu'
17'1 Wm Kh we.hSï" wkque;Ska" uqodye¯ï yd wh lr .ekSï i|yka ls¯ug w∞< jdr®;d iy iq≥iq .sKqï iyNd.s;aj uQ,H
wdh;k úiska mj;ajd f.k hd hq;=h'
17'2 Kh ,nd .ekSï iy m%;suQ,H l%shdldrlï i|yd fjk fjku .sKqï mj;ajdf.k hdu iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska
is≥ l< hq;=h'
18' fjk;a
Kh fhdackd l%uh iqugj l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd by; i|yka j.ka;s ´kEu tlla fjkia ls¯u fyda ixfYdaOkh ls¯ug
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j‍g whs;sh we;'
Tnf.a úYajdiS
tia'f–'ta' y|.u
wOHlaI
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
†kh ( 2016'04'27
weuqKqu I
SEPI Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a ls%hd;aul l< yels y÷kd.;a l¾udka;
NVQ - 4 uÜgfï /lshd i|yd ;dlaIKsl lafIa;%hka

1' me, yd me, ;jdka ixjr®Ok iydhl

2' lDIsldr®ñl lafIa;% iydhl
3' m,;=re yd t<jΩ ilikakka
4' fíl˙lrejka
5' ldr®ñl uyk ueIska ls%hdlrjkakka
6' jev wOHhk ks,Od¯
7' ;;a;aj md,l ^weÛΩï&
8' im;a;= idokakka ^f,or®&
9' m˙.Kl ,>q f,aLlhska
10' m˙.Kl .%eµsla ksr®udKlrejka
11' ´µafiÜ ueIska hdka;s%l Ys,amSka
12' fmd;a ne£u
13' uqøK hka;% Ys,amSka
14' ä‚g,a rEmlrKh yd uqøK ;dlaIKh
15' ma,diaála ieliqï yd hka;% ls%hdlrjkakka
16' rnr® ieliqï yd hka;% ls%hdlrjkakka
17' ueKsla lemSu yd Tm oeóu
18' hlv ms<silr lrkakka
19' jE,aäkalrejka
20' fuj,ï yd vhs ilikakka
21' jeoa≥ïlrejka
22' ldr®ñllrejka ^idudkH&
23' YS;lrK yd jdhqiólrK ldr®ñl
24' f;a hkaf;%damlrK ldr®ñl
25' .=jka ú≥,shka;%" rEmjdyskS hka;% kùlrKh lrkakka
26' ldr®ñl ú≥,s Ys,amSka
27' jvq ldr®ñlhska ^,S$oej&
28' iajr®KdNrK .,a ilikakka
29' wdNrK ksIamdolhska

III fldgi - 76 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

30' ú≥,s ldr®ñlhska

31' .Dyia: ú≥,s ldr®ñlhska yd ú≥,s WmlrK wÆ;ajeähd lrkakka
32' fudagr® t;Su
33' jd;frdaOl ldr®ñllrejka
34' fndhsf,are ls%hdlrjkakka
35' c,k, ldr®ñlhska$Bhï jev lrkakka
36' ldr®ñl c,k, ldr®ñlhska
37' hlv keóu
38' f.dvke.s,s idhï lrkakka
39' weÆñkshï ilikakka
40' jvq ldr®ñlhska ^f.dvke.s,s&
41' fïikajre
42' f.dvke.s,s WmlrK ls%hdlrjkakka
43' ie,iqïlrejka
44' udr®. b†lrkakka yd WmlrK ls%hdlrjkakka
45' b†ls¯ï wxYh i`oyd ridhkd.dr iydhl
46' fudagr® r: jdhqiólrK ldr®ñl
47' fudagr® r: ú≥,s ldr®ñl
48' fudagr® r: ldr®ñl
49' fudagr® r: idhï lrkakka
50' fudagr® r: f,day fldgia wÆ;ajeähd lrkakka
51' fudagr® nhsisl,a ldr®ñlhska
52' ;S%ù,a ldr®ñlhska
53' úl=Kqï ksfhda‚;hska
54' .nvd md,l
55' jdmamq ,smslre
56' jdyk fiajd yd wNHka;r ms˙is≥ ls¯u
57' ú≥,s ikaksfõok
58' m˙.Kl oDvdx. ldr®ñl
59' m˙.Kl cd, ldr®ñl
60' m˙.Kl jevigyka ls%hdlre
61' f;dr;=re ikaksfõok ;dlaIKlre
62' iólaIK lafIa;% iydhl
63' wdf,dal ls%hdlre
64' PdhdrEm Ys,amSka
65' idudkH ,smslre
66' <ore mdi,a .=re mqyqKq
67' ffcj ffjoH ;dlaIKslhska
68' Wmøj$jix.; md,l
69' rEm,djkH Ys,amSka
70' fldKavd ieliqï Ys,amSka
71' wx.rpk Ys,amSka
72' .Dy fiaúld
NVQ wÈhr 5 yd 6 jevigyka i|yd ;dlaI‚l lafIa;%hka
1' fudagr® r: ;dlaIK
2' ffcj ffjoH bx‚fkare
3' b†ls¯ï ;dlaIKh
4' úoahq;a yd ú≥,s ixfoaY ;dlaIKh
5' ä‚g,a rEmlrKh yd uqøK ;dlaIKh
6' lDIs hkaf;%damlrK ;dlaIKh
7' wdydr ms<n| ;dlaIKh
8' f;dr;=re iy ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh
9' wdNrK ksr®udK yd ksIamdok ;dlaIKh
10' hka;% bf,lafg%dksl úoHd bx‚fkare
11' ksIamdok ;dlaIKh
12' YS;lrK yd jdhqiólrK ;dlaIKh
13' mEiaiSï yd ms˙ieliqï ;dlaIKh

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 77

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

weuqKqu II
,shdm†xÑ wxlh

iajhx /lshd m%j¾Ok uQ,drïNl Kh fhdackd l%uh - wÈhr II

Kh ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍfï whÿïm;%h
1' iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kfha ku (-
2' YdLdfõ ku (-
3' YdLdfõ ,smskh (-
4' ≥rl:k wxlh$µelaia wxlh (-
5' wh≥ïlref.a jHdmdrfha iajNdjh (- ;ksmqoa., yjq,a jHdmdr
6' wh≥ïlre$yjq,alre$wOHlaI f.a ku iy ,smskh
ku ,smskh cd;sl ye`≥kqïm;a wxlh

7' jHdmD;s N+ñh msysá ia:dkfha iïmQr®K ,smskh(-

8' Wm jHdmD;sfha jr®.h(-
9' SEPI w†hr II Kh fhdackd l%uh u.ska uQ,H myiqlï ,nd .kakd jHdmD;sh ms<sn`o flá úia;r(-
10' jHdmD;sh i|yd weia;fïka;= uqo, re(
11' iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kh úiska ksr®foaY l<$wkqu; jQ Kh uqo, re(
†kh (
YdLd l<ukdlref.a w;aik (
weuqKqu III
m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a wxlh(
m%d'ix'fo'$SEPI$2016$01
,smskh (
†kh (
iajhx /lshd m%j¾Ok uQ,drïNl Kh fhdackd l%uh wÈhr II hgf;a
m%;suQ,H ,nd .ekSu i`oyd whÿïm;
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j fj;"
uy;auhdfKks"
^iyNd.S;aj uQ,H wdh;kfha ku& jk wm n,m;%,dNS jdKsc nexl=jla$n,m;%,dNS
úfYaIs; nexl=jla iy jHjia:dms; ±kg mj;sk wdh;khla f,i by; Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a remsh,a
re' ^re' & Kh uqo, fuhska wh≥ï lruq'
2' fuu wh≥ïm; b†˙m;a ls¯fï° Tnf.a fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl RDD/SEPI/2016/01 ys olajd we;s kshuhka yd fldkafoais
j,g hg;aj fuu wh≥ïm; b†˙m;a lruq'
3' by; lS fufyhqï Wmfoiaj,g wkql+,j by; m%;suQ,H fhdackd l%uh hgf;a wh≥ï l< †kg wm úiska uila we;=<;
m%∞kh lrk ,o Kh m%ldYkfhys wkq msgm;la fï iu. wm tjd we;' fuu m%ldYkfhys i|yka Kh lsisjla m%;suQ,H
i`oyd óg fmr b†˙m;a lrk ,o lsisu m%ldYkhl i`oyka fkdjk njg iy;sl lruq'
4' fuu wh≥ïmf;ys olajd we;s m˙† Tn wm fj; uq∞ y˙k ,o uqo,a jd˙l ^jd˙l .Kk& lska Kh
wdmiq f.ùug tl`.jk w;r" wr®O jdr®Isl iEu jd˙lla i`oyd re' ne.ska m<uq jd˙lh
†k isg f.úh hq;= fõ'
5' ^i& ;=kajk f√ofha i|yka m˙o by; Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a Kh ,ndfok jHdmD;s i`oyd iq≥iqlï ,;a WmKhlrejkag
Kh m%∞kh ls¯u;a"
^ii& tu Kh w∞, WmKhlrejkag Kh ,nd .ekSfï n,hg hg;aj Kh ,nd ° we;'
^iii& wemlrejka iïnkaOj i,lk úg Kh wdmiq f.ùu iïnkaOj wemjk mqoa.,hka tjeks wem ùula ,nd°u i`oyd
n,h,;a ;eke;af;l=o hkak nj'
wm iy;sl jk nj okajd isáuq'

uQ,H wdh;kfha n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a

ku úia;r yd w;aik
l<ukdlre" m%;suQ,H tallh

III fldgi - 78 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

weuqKqu IV
m%d'ix'fo'$SEPI$2016$01
m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a wxlh (
iajhx /lshd m%j¾Ok uQ,drïNl Kh fhdackd l%uh wÈhr II hgf;a
Kh uqodyeÍfï m%ldYkh
fj; ( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
fj;ska ( m%;suQ,H tallh
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kh ( YdLdj ( †ia;s%lalh (
úuiqï WmKh.e;shdf.a cd'ye' jHdmD;s úia;rh iy Wm Kh ksoyia ksoyia iyk
wxlh ku iy ,smskh wxlh Kh ,nd .ekSfï uqo, lrk lrk uqo, ld,h
wruqK re' †kh re' ^udi&

Kh wdmiq f.ùfï Wmf,aLkh ^YS% ,xld uy nexl=j fj;&

jd˙l m<uq jd˙lfha f.úh hq;= †kh wjika jd˙lh f.úh hq;= †kh
jd˙l .Kk jd˙lhl jákdlu

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j yd iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k w;r jQ m%;suQ,H .súiqug tlÛ jQ m˙†" by; fok ,o wr®O jdr®Isl jd˙lhka
iys;j by; Kh uqo, YS% ,xld uy nexl=j fj; mshjk njg wm úiska fmdfrdka≥ fjuq'
j.lsj hq;= ks,Od˙hdf.a w;aik

weuqKqu V
m%d'ix'fo'$ia'W'uQ'K'$2016$01
m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a wxlh(
b,a¨ï fmdfrdkaÿ fkdaÜgqj
^iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kfha ku yd ,smskh& jk wm úiska my; w;aika
l< wm uqΩ Kh uqo, jQ re' jdr®Isl 3] fmd,S wkqmd;slh hgf;a jQ w∞< fmd,S uqo, o iu. fuys i|yka †kg"
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j b,a,k mshùu is≥ lrk njg fld<U ° fuhska fmdfrdka≥ fjuq'
^kej; mshùfï wdlD;sh ° we;s II weuqKqu i|yd nef|a&
i|yd ^iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kfha ku& (
m%;suQ,H tallh (
m%Odk ldr®hd,h (
^rnr® uqødj&

n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a w;aik

idlaIs (
1'
2'
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m%d'ix'fo'$SEPI$2016$01
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Ndr§fï ,smsh
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j fj;"
iajhx /lshd m%jr®Ok uQ,drïNl Kh fhdackd l%uh w†hr II hgf;a jQ Tnf.a fufyhqï Wmfoia j,g w∞<j wm úiska is≥ lrk
,o Kh yd iïnkaO lghq;= i`oyd wm fj; ,nd °ug tlÛ jQ Kh m%udKh jk remsh,a
^re' & uqo, wmf.a fmdfrdka≥ fkdaÜgqfõ i`oyka re'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 79

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

^re' & f.úh hq;= uqo, yd b,aÆï lrk ,o fmd,S uqo,o iu. Tn fj; fuhska tjkq ,efí'
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fkdjkq we;'
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m%;suQ,H tallh
m%Odk ldr®hd,h
1'
2'
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m%d'ix'fo'$SEPI$2016$01
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wem jk njg fokq ,nk m%;s{dj
fld<U
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mkf;a 88 A j.ka;sfha m˙† m%;s« udr®.fhka YS% ,xld uy nexl=j fj; wh úh hq;= Kh l=ulao hkak wdlD;sfha i|yka m˙†
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wdlD;sh

Kh uqo, ^re'& Khlref.a ku yd ,smskh †kh fkd;d˙ia

n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a w;aik

fjkqfjka ^iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kfha ku&
m%;suQ,H tallh
m%Odk ldr®hd,h

weuqKqu VIII
Kh uqod yeÍfï ,smsh
nexl=fõ ku (
nexl=fõ fla;h (
YdLdfõ ku (
YdLd fla;h (
wkq wxlh (
Kh (
†kh (
iajhx /lshd m%jr®Ok uQ,drïNl Kh fhdackd l%uh w†hr - II
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2'1 Kh ,nd .kakd wruqK (
2'2 Wm jHdmD;sfha msysàu (

III fldgi - 80 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

2'3 wkqu; jQ uqΩ Kh uqo, ( re'

bkamiqj Kh uqof,a jeä ls¯ï re'
uqΩ uqo, ( re'
2'4 Kh wkqu; jQ uq,a †kh (
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2'5 b,aÆï l< m%;suQ,H i|yd jQ mshùfï
jevigyka l<

†kh re' .Kk

2'6 fmd,S wkqmd;slh (

3' Kh uqof,a ;;a;ajh (
3'1 fmr ksl=;a l< uqo, re'
iy uy nexl=fjka
m%;suQ,H ,nk uqo,
3'2 n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ m%;suQ,H i|yd re'
oeka ksl=;a l< yels uqo, (
uqΩ uqo, ( re'

by; úia;rhka i;H yd ksjer† njg uu iy;sl lrñ'

YdLd l<ukdlref.a w;aik

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jd˙lh m<uq" fojk fyda lS jekakla o hkak iq≥iq fldgqj ;=< l;srhla fhdod i|yka lrkak'

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oekqï fokq ,efí'

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cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyk

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 81

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

fufyhqï Wmfoia wxlh ( RDD$NADeP$YOUTH 2016$01 m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j

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1' ye¢kaùu
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úiska wruqo,a imhkq ,nhs' uQ,H .súiqfuys laIqø uQ,H iy ;dreKHh mqyqKq ls¯u" ixrpl 2" laIqø uQ,H Wm ixrpl 2^w&
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ta wkqj" z;reK †˙hZ" ;dreKHh iún, .ekaùu iy /lshd jHdmD;sh ^;reK †˙h jevigyk& ls%hd;aul ls¯u i|yd
re'ñ,shk 225 l uqo,la fjka lr we;s w;r" wruqo,a uqodye¯u 2016 iema;eïnr® w. Nd.h jk úg wjika ls¯ug jevigyk
ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nk ksfhda‚; wdh;kh jk cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyfkys jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK wxYh
n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' z;reK †˙hZ jevigyk ls%hd;aul ls¯u i|yd ,xld nexl=j" ksjdi ixjr®Ok uQ,H ixia:dj iy
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok nexl=j" iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k f,i f;dard m;afldg f.k we;' tm˙†" fuu jHdmD;sfhys fufyhqï
Wmfoiays i|yka kshuhka iy fldkafoais wkqj" by; i|yka iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k u.ska 2016 iema;eïnr® w. Nd.h
jk úg remsh,a ñ,shk 225 l uqo,la uqod ye˙h hq;=h'
2' jHdmD;sfhys wruqKq
^w& l=vd jHdmdr wdrïN ls¯ug iy wfkl=;a iajhx /lshd jHdmD;s yryd jHjidhlhska ìys ls¯ug Kh myiqlï ,nd
foñka .ï uÜgñka †<s`≥ ;reK ;reKshkaf.a „jk uÜgu jr®Okh ls¯u" ;reK †˙h jHdmD;sfhys uQ,sl wruqKhs'
^wd& iajhx /lshd jHdmD;sj, kshe,Su u.ska wdodhï Wmhk .ïno ;reK ;reKshkaf.a „jk ;;a;ajh jeä†hqKq ls¯ug
iydh ,nd °u'
^we& .%dóh ;reK ;reKshkaf.a iudchSh ;;a;ajh jr®Okh ls¯u'
^wE& .%dóh ;reK ;reKshka úêu;a uQ,H moaO;shg we;=<;a lr .ekSfuka Tjqka w;r uQ,H wka;r®.;Ndjh jeä†hqKq ls¯u'
^b& .%dóh ;reK mrmqfrys l=i,;d jeä†hqKq ls¯u iy YlH;dj jr®Okh ls¯u'
^B& rfÜ ixjr®Ok ls%hdj,shg .%dóh ;reK ;reKshkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh Wkka≥ ls¯u'
^W& .ïno ;reK ;reKshka w;r b;s˙ ls¯fï mqreoao iy iliqreju yqre ls¯u'
^W!& .ïno ;reK ;reKshkaf.a jD;a;Sh" jHjidhl" l<ukdlrK iy uQ,H l=i,;d jeä†hqKq ls¯u'
;reK ;reKshka mqyqKqj iy ks¯laIKh i|yd fuu jevigyfkys iydh wjYH úg ,nd .; yel'
3' jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul jk m%foaYh
fuu jHdmD;sh †jhsk mqrd ls%hd;aul fõ'
fuu jHdmD;sh iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nk Tjqkaf.a o˙ø;djh ;=rka ls¯fï laIqø uQ,H jevigyka
iu. fudk hï fyda w;sÉfPodkhla fkdúh hq;=h'
4' iq≥iqlï ,nk jHdmD;s
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k u.ska ms<s.; yels m%;s,dNSka is≥ lrkq ,nk wdodhï W;amdok ls%hdldrlïys ishÆ ia:djr yd
ldrl m%d.aOk wjYH;d i|yd Kh myiqlï ,nd .; yel' lDIs jHdmdr$lDIslr®u" ëjr" mY= iïm;a" fjf<| yd fiajd"
l=vd lr®udka; wd° m%Odk ldKav hgf;a fuu ls%hdldrlï we;=<;a úh hq;=h'
5' iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kj, ldr®hNdrh iy j.lSï
fuu jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul ls¯u i|yd iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k ls%hdld¯ ldr®hNdrhla bgq l< hq;=h'
fuu iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k∙
^w& fuu jHdmD;sh ls%hd;aul ls¯u i|yd m%udKj;a ldr®h uKav,hla wkqhlq a; l, hq;=h'
^wd& m%;s,dNSka y`≥kd .ekSfï" Kh ,nd°u iy wdmiq wh lr .ekSfï iïmQr®K j.lSu ±˙h hq;=h'
^we& iEu Wm jHdmD;shlau wdr®:ßluh iy uQ,Huh YlH;djfhka hq;= fukau wf,úlrK kshuhka ms<sn`oj ;Dma;su;a úh
hq;=h'

III fldgi - 82 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

^wE& Tjqkaf.a wjYH ldr®hidOk uÜgug <Ûdùu iy ls%hdld¯;ajh we.hSug Wm jHdmD;s wëlaIKh l< hq;=h'
^b& .sKqï iy uQ,H m%ldYk mj;ajdf.k hdu
ƒƒ iq≥iq .sKqï iy jdr®;d mj;ajdf.k Wm Kh we.hSï" wkque;Ska" uqodye¯ï yd whlr .ekSï iyNd.s;aj uQ,H
wdh;k úiska is≥ l< hq;=h'
ƒƒ Kh m˙fNdackh iy m%;suQ,H ls%hdldrlï i|yd fjka fjkaj .sKqï mj;ajd f.k hdu iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k
úiska is≥ l< hq;=h'
ƒƒ m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j iy jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK wxYfhys ^lDIslr®u ixjr®Okh i|yd jk
wka;r®cd;sl wruqo, fjkqfjka& m¯laId ls¯ï yd iudf,dapk i|yd .sKqï yd uQ,H jdr®;d iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k
i;=j ;sìh hq;=h' ;jo" iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska wjYH úg° m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j iy jHdmD;s
l<ukdlrK wxYh fj; .sKqï yd uQ,H jdr®;d wjYH úg° b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
^B& fufyhqï Wmfoiays olajd we;s m˙†" m%;suQ,H ls%hdmámdáh wkq.ukh ls¯u'
6' iq≥iqlï,;a m%;s,dNSka
^w& jhi wjq'18 - 40 w;r .%dóh ;reKhska
^wd& m%;s,dNshd i;= bvfï m%udKh fylaghdr 1 fyda Bg wvq úh hq;=h'
^wE& fjk;a lsisu uQ,H wdh;khl Kh meyer ye˙ wfhl= fkdùu'
^wE& m%d.aOk odhl;ajh uqΩ jHdmD;s uQ,H jákdlfuka 10] g jvd wvq fkdùu'
^b& fhda‚; jHdmD;sfhys Okd;aul uqo,a m%jdyhla yd m%udKj;a Kh wdmiq f.ùfï yelshdjla we;s nj nexl=jg b†˙m;a
ls¯ug yels ùu'
7' ;reK †˙h" ;dreKHh iún, .ekaùfï iy fiajd kshqla;s jHdmD;sfha m%Odk ,laIK
^w& Wm˙u Kh uqo, re'150"000$-
^wd& wjidk .ekqïlreg fmd,S wkqmd;h jirlg 6'57" iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k i|yd m%;suQ,H fmd,S wkqmd;h 3'25]
^we& iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska jHdmD;sfha wjYH;djh i,ld ne,Sfuka wk;=rej Kh .ekqïlrejka fj; Wm˙u
iyk ld,iSudj udi 09 lg hg;aj Kh ,nd †h yel' flfia kuq;a" Kh .ekqïlrejd fuu iyk ld,h ;=<o fmd,S
f.ùug ne£ we;'
^wE& Kh wdmiq f.ùfï ld,h ( fláld,Sk fnda. j.djka i|yd lDIsldr®ñl Kh ^lkak fnda.& udi 09 lg jvd wvq
ld,iSudjla ;=< f.úh hq;=h' wfkl=;a Kh wdmiq f.ùfï ld,h udi 36 lg fkdjeä úh hq;=h' iyNd.s;aj uQ,H
wdh;k úiska wod< Wm jHdmD;skays uQ,H m%jdy u; mokï ldrl m%d.aOk Kh i|yd kuHYS,S wdmiq f.ùfï ld,
igykla ielish hq;=h'
^b& iq/l=ïm;a ( fjk;a Kh .ekqïlrejka fofofkl=f.a fyda mjqf,a idud‚lhka fofofkl=f.a wem iy;sl ùu
^tla mqoa.,fhl=g myiqlï folla i|yd muKla iy;sl l< yelsh& fyda ia:ßr udisl wdodhula ,nk mqoa.,hska
fofofkl=f.a wem iy;sl ùu fyda iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska ms<s.; yels fjk hï iq/l=ula b†˙m;a l< yel'
8' Kh .eKqïlrejka ,shdm†xÑ ls¯u
fufyhqï Wmfoiays weuqKqï ta ys oelafjk m˙†" jHdmD;sh hgf;a Kh ,nd .ekSug wfmalaId lrk wh≥ïlrejka ms<sn|
úia;r iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k j, YdLd úiska YS% ,xld uy nexl=j m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j" fj; b†˙m;a l<
hq;=h'
9' m%;suQ,H ls%hdmámdáh
fufyhqï Wmfoiays i|yka kshuhka yd fldkafoisj,g hg;aj YS% ,xld uy nexl=j fuu jHdmD;sh hgf;a imhk Kh
i|yd ishhg ishhla m%;suQ,H imhkq ,efí'
^w& Kh ksoyia ls¯uka miq ksis m˙† iïmQr®K lrk ,o m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j fj;
b†˙m;a l< hq;=h' m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a my; i|yka ,shlshú,s j,ska iukaú; hq;= fõ'
weuqKqu I m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm; ^w&
weuqKqu II m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm; ^wd&
weuqKqu III fmdfrdka≥ fkdaÜgqj
weuqKqu IV Ndr°fï ,smsh
weuqKqu V YS% ,xld uy nexl=j fj; m%;s{d mejreu
^wd& m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;%h i|yd ,efnk wkque;sh wkqj" m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm; wkqu; lr"
yels blaukska m%;suQ,H ksoyia lrkq ,efí' iïmQr®K lrk ,o m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a ,eî i;shla we;=<; m%;suQ,H ksoyia
ls¯ug iEu W;aidyhlau orkq ,efí'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 83

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

^we& Kh uqo, ksoyia lr udihla we;=<; m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=jg b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
^wE& YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska tjk ,o Kh wdmiq f.ùfï igykg wkqj" m%;suQ,H Kh jd˙lh iy fmd,S uqo, iyNd.s;aj
uQ,H wdh;k úiska f.jkq we;'
10' m%;suQ,H ksoyia ls¯u
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j iy ;reK †˙h jHdmD;sh ls%hd;aul ls¯u i|yd f;dard .;a iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k w;r wkqnoaê;
Kh .súiqu w;aika lrkq ,efí'
11' Kh whlr .ekSu
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k fj; ,nd ≥ka m%;suQ,H i|yd m%;suQ,H Kh jd˙lh yd fmd,S uqo, iEu jirlu wr®O jdr®Islj
cQks 30 yd foieïnr® 31 hk †khkays f.úh hq;=h'
12' .sKqï ú.Kkh
;reK †˙h jHdmD;sfhys jdr®Isl uQ,H m%ldYk m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ms<sfh, lrkq ,nk w;r" tu
uQ,H m%ldYk ú.Kldêm;s úiska ú.Kkh lrkq we;' iEu uQ,H jr®Ihla wjidkfhau udi yhla we;=<; ú.Kldêm;s
jdr®;dfõ iy;sl l< msgm;la lDIslr®u ixjr®Okh i|yd jk wka;r®cd;sl wruqo, fj; b†˙m;a lrkq we;' lDIslr®u
ixjr®Okh i|yd jk wka;r®cd;sl wruqof,a wjYH;djhla jk neúka" iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k fuu jevigyfkys uQ,H
m%ldY ú.Kkh lr .ekSu is≥ lr .; hq;=h'
m%;suQ,H fhdackd l%ufhys kshuhka yd fldkafoais ixfYdaOkh ls¯fï whs;sh YS% ,xld uy nexl=j i;= fõ'
Tnf.a úYajdiS
ã'ù'tia' ohdjxY uy;añh
wOHlaI m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j

Wm .%ka: 01 ( m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm; ^w&

m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a wxlh (
^fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl ( RDD$SEPI$2016$01&
,smskh(
†kh(
m%;suQ,H whÿïm; ( cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixj¾Ok jevigyk hgf;a ls%hd;aul z;reK ÈßhZ
;dreKH iún, .ekaùu iy /lshd jHdmD;sh
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j fj;"
uy;auhdfKks"
^iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kfha ku& jk wm n,m;%,dNS jd◊c
nexl=jla$n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=jla iy jHjia:dms; oekg mj;sk wdh;khla f,i by; Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a remsh,a
^re & Kh uqo, wh≥ï lruq'
2' fuu wh≥ïm; b†˙m;als¯fï° Tnf.a fufyhqï Wmfoia wxlh RDD$SEPI$2016$01 ys olajd we;s kshuhka yd fldkafoais
j,g hg;aj fuu wh≥ïm; b†˙m;a lruq'
3' by; lS fufyhqï Wmfoiaj,g wkql+,j by; m%;suQ,H Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a wh≥ï l< †kg wm úiska uila we;=<;
m%∞kh lrk ,o Kh m%%ldYkfhys wkq msgm;la fï iu. wm tjd we;' fuu m%ldYkfhys i`oyka Kh lsisjla m%;suQ,H
Kh ioyd óg fmr b†˙m;a lrk ,o lsisu m%ldYkhl ioyka fkdjk njg iy;sl lruq'
4. (i) ;=kajk f–ofha ioyka m˙† by; Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a Kh ,ndfok jHdmD;s i`oyd iq≥iqlï ,;a WmKhlrejkag
Kh m%∞kh ls¯u;a"
(ii) tu Kh w∞, WmKhlrejkag Kh ,nd .ekSfï n,hg hg;aj Kh ,nd ° we;
(iii) wemlrejka iïnkaOj i,lk úg Kh wdmiq f.ùu iïnkaOj wemjk mqoa.,hka tjeks wem ùula ,nd°u ioyd
n,h,;a ;eke;af;l=o hkak nj'
wm iy;sl jk nj okajd isáuq'

uQ,H wdh;kfha n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a ku

úia;r yd w;aik
l<ukdlre" m%;suQ,H tallh

III fldgi - 84 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

Wm.%ka:h II: m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm; ^wd&

m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a wxlh (
^fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl ( RDD$NADeP$YOUTH$2016$01

cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixj¾Ok jevigyk hgf;a ls%hd;aul jk z;reK ÈßhZ

;dreKH iún, .ekaùu iy /lshd jHdmD;sh i|yd jk Kh uqod yeÍfï m%ldYkh
fj; ( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
fj;ska ( m%;suQ,H tallh
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kh ( YdLdj ( †ia;s%lalh (
úuiqï Khlref.a ku cd'ye' Kh ,nd Kh uqo, uqody˙k †kh uqodye¯ug iyk kej; mshùfï wdlD;sh
wxlh yd ,smskh wxlh .ekSfï n,dfmdfr;a;= ld,h
wruqK * m%;suQ,H m%udKh
Kh uqo, jd˙l uqo, ^re'& jd˙l m<uq wjika
pl%h ** ^re'& .Kk jd˙lh jd˙lh
jd˙l jákdlu f.úh hq;= f.úh hq;=
.Kk †kh †kh

tl;=j
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j yd iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k w;r m%;suQ,H .súiqug tlÛ jQ m˙†" by; olajd we;s Kh uqo, kej;
f.ùfï Wmf,aLkh wkqj" wr®O jdr®Islj YS% ,xld uy nexl=j fj; mshjk njg wm úiska fmdfrdka≥ fjuq'

n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a w;aik
†kh (
*fufyhqï Wmfoiays 4 jk f√ofha i|ykaj we;s m˙†
**m<uq Kh uqo," fojk Kh uqo," f;jk Kh uqo, wd° f,i

Wm.%ka: III: fmdfrdka≥ fkdaÜgqj

m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a wxlh (
^fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl ( RDD/NADeP/YOUTH/2016/01
†kh (
b,a¨ï fmdfrdkaÿ fkdaÜgqj
^iyNd.s;aj uQ,Hdh;kfha ku yd ,smskh& jk wm úiska my; w;aika l<
uqΩ Kh uqo, jk remsh,a ^re' & uqo, jdr®Islj ] fmd,S
wkqmd;h hgf;a jQ fmd,S uqo, o iu. fuys i|yka †kg" YS% ,xld uy nexl=j b,a,k úg mshùu is≥ lrk njg fld<U °
fuhska fmdfrdka≥ fjuq'

^iyNd.s;aj uQ,Hdh;kfha ku&

m%;suQ,H tallh
m%Odk ldr®hd,h
1'
^rnr® uqødj& 2'
n,h,;a ks,Od¯kaf.a w;aika
idlaIs (
1'
2'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 85

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

Wm.%ka: IV: Ndr°fï ,smsh

m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;% wxlh (
^fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl ( RDD$NADeP$YOUTH$2016$01&
Ndr§fï ,smsh
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j fj;"
cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyk hgf;a ls%hd;aul z;reK †˙hZ ;dreKHh iún, .ekaùu iy /lshd jHdmD;shg w∞<j
2016'08'03 †ke;s ^NADeP& fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl RDD$NADeP$YOUTH$2016$01 m˙† m%;suQ,H fhdackd l%uh hgf;a Kh ,nd
°u i,ld n,d tlÛ jQ Kh m%udKh jk remsh,a ^re' & uqo,
i|yd jQ fmdfrdka≥ fkdaÜgqfõ remsh,a ^re' & l
uqo," b,aÆï lrk ,o fmd,S uqo,o iu. fuhska tjkq ,efí
by; lS fmdfrdka≥ fkdaÜgqj f.ùu i|yd b†˙m;a ls¯fuka je<flk neúka" th w.re ls¯ug oekqï°fï wjYH;djhla we;s
fkdjkq we;'

fjkqfjka ^iyNd.s;aj uQ,Hdh;kfha ku&

m%;suQ,H tallh
m%Odk ldr®hd,h

1'
2'
^n,h,;a ks,Od¯kaf.a w;aika&

Wm.%ka: V mejreï ,smsh

m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a wxlh (
^fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl ( RDD$NADeP$YOUTH$2016$01&
†kh (
uqo,a kS;s mkf;a mßÉfþo wxl 88 A hgf;a" YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a uKav,hg
wem jk njg fokq ,nk m%;s×j*
wms ^iyNd.s;aj uQ,Hdh;kfha ku yd ,smskh&
uqo,a kS;s mkf;a m˙Éf√o wxl 88 A ys fldkafoaisj,g wkqj iy my; oelafjk Wm f,aLkhg wkqj YS% ,xld uy nexl=jg wm
úiska ,nd .;a Kh uqo, jk remsh,a ^re' & l uqo, l
jdr®Isl fmd,S wkqmd;slh hgf;a wod< fmd,sh o iu. kej; f.ùug wem fjuq'
Wm f,aLkh
Kh uqo, ^re'& Khlref.a ku yd ,smskh †kh fkd;d˙ia

n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a w;aik

fjkqfjka ^iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kfha ku&
m%;suQ,H tallh
m%Odk ldr®hd,h
*n,m;%,dNS jdKsc nexl= yd n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= i|yd muKs

III fldgi - 86 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl( RDD$NCRCS$2011 m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
;e'fm' 590
fkd'30" ckdêm;s udj;
fld<U 01'
≥'l' - 2477452" 2398748
µelaia - 2477724
2016 wf.daia;= ui 22
ishÆu iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k fj;"
uy;auhdfKks$uy;añhks"
kj imsß .%dóh Kh fhdackd l%ufhys ^NCRCS& fufyhqï Wmfoia ixfYdaOkh lsÍu
ms<sfj,ska 2013 ckjd˙ ui 10 †k" 2014 cQks 6 †k iy 2015 cQ,s 6 †k ixfYdaê; 2011 iema;eïnr® ui 23 †ke;s RDD$NCRCS$2011
wxl ork fufyhqï Wmfoia my; i|yka m˙† ixfYdaOkh l< nj kj ims˙ .%dóh Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a ,shdm†xÑ ù we;s
ishÆu iyNd.s;aj wdh;k fj; fuhska okajd isáuq'
fuu ixfYdaOkhka 2016 iema;eïnr® ui 15 †k isg ls%hd;aul fõ'
weuqKqu I - Kh ,nd°u i|yd wjYH iq≥iqlï
kj ims˙ .%dóh Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a uQ,Hkh ls¯u i|yd iq≥iqlï,;a fnda.hla f,i zWla fnda.hZ weuqKqï wxl I ys
zfjk;aZ hk jr®.SlrKh hg;g we;=<;a lr we;' ta wkqj" weuqKqu wxl II ys iq≥iqlï,;a fnda. i|yd ,ndfok uqo,a m%udKhka
o my; i|yka m˙† ixfYdaOkh lr we;'
fnda.h bvï Wla fmdfydr ridhk fjk;a uqΩ Wm˙u Kh iSudj bvï jmi˙h
ieliSu îc øjH ^wlalrhlg& mqΩ,a ls¯u
re' re' re' re' re' re'
Wla 6"206 4"137 13"653 5"792 37"650 67"438 50"000 wju Wm˙u
1 5
kj ims˙ .%dóh Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a Wla fnda.h i|yd ,nd° we;s Kh uqo,a wdmiq wh lr .ekSfï ld,h †k 365 ls' fuu
fnda.fha wiajekak ,nd .ekSu i|yd †k 270 lg jvd jeä ld,hla wjYH jk fyhska" 2011 iema;eïnr® ui 23 †ke;s fufyhqï
Wmfoia wxl RDB$NCRCS$2011 ork fufyhqï Wmfoiaj,g wkqj" weuqKqu III ys olajd we;s ld, iSudj ;=<° iyNd.s;aj
uQ,H wdh;k úiska ksis m˙† iïmQr®K lrk ,o wdlD;Ska ^fmd,S iykdOdr$Kh wem wdjrK iy m%;sf,aLk.;lrKhka&
fjka fjkaj b†˙m;a l< hq;=h' ;jo" f.dùkag Kh uqod ye¯fuka miqj Wla j.dj i|yd ,nd fok ,o Kh ms<sn| f;dr;=re
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k u.ska ,shdm†xÑh i|yd m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; okajd túh hq;=h'
fmd,S iykdOdr ^2011'09'23 †ke;s fufyhqï Wmfoia ys 8 jk j.ka;sh&
8'1'1 ^w& - fmd,S iykdOdr f.ùï w;a;sldrï f.ùu iy wjika f.ùu jYfhka jd˙l foll° is≥ lrkq ,efí' w;a;sldrï
f.ùï †k 180 l ld,hla i|yd .Kkh lrkq we;'
8'1'2 ^w& - wjidk f.ùï †k 185 lg miqj is≥ lrkq ,efí' fuu Kh uqo, iïmQr®Kfhkau †k 365 lg fmr f.jd wjikaj
we;akï ^Wm˙u Kh wdmiq f.ùfï ld,h& fmd,S iykdOdr f.ùu tu Kh f.jd wjika l< †k olajd muKla
is≥ flfrkq we;'
kj ims˙ .%dóh Kh fhdackd l%ufhys fufyhqï Wmfoia hgf;a óg fmr ksl=;a lrk ,o ishÆu kshuhka yd fldkafoais
fkdfjkiaj mj;skq we;'
fuu ixfYdaOkfha wvx.= lreKq wod< ks,Od¯ka fj; oekaùug i,iajkak'
ã'ù'tia' ohdjxY ñh
wOHlaI $ m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j

msgm;a(- wOHlaI fckrd,a" ixjr®Ok uQ,H" uqo,a wud;HdxYh

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 87

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

fufyhqï Wmfoia wxlh ( RDD$ NADeP$Value Chain Develop$2016$01 m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
;e'fm' 590
wxl 30" ckdêm;s udj;
fld<U 01
2016'10'07
ish¨‍u iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k fj;"
cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixj¾Ok jevigyfkys msg; j.dlrejka i|yd jQ
^fldka;%d;a f.dùka& i|yd jQ Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a
^w& w.hodu ixjr®Ok m%d.aOk lDIsldr®ñl Kh fhdackd l%uh
^wd& w.hodu ixjr®Ok ld,Sk lDIsldr®ñl Kh fhdackd l%uh
i|yd fufyhqï Wmfoia
1' ye¢kaùu
cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyk ^NADeP& ^fu;eka isg jevigyk& ckdêm;s f,alï ldr®hd,h hgf;a jQ jHdmD;s
l<ukdlrK wxYh fj;ska l%shd;aul lrkq ,enQ w;r" lDIsldr®ñl ixjr®Okh i|yd jQ wka;r®cd;sl wruqo, ‍u.ska wruqo,a
imhkq ,eîh' NADeP wxl 1 fldgfiys i|yka m˙†" mqoa.,sl" rdcH ksIamdolhskaf.a yjq, (P4) hgf;a w.hodu ixjr®Okh
iy fjf<|fmd, iïnkaOh wkqj"
^w& w.hodu ixjr®Ok m%d.aOk lDIsldr®ñl Kh fhdackd l%uh
^wd& w.hodu ixjr®Ok ld,Sk lDIsldr®ñl Kh fhdackd l%uh
jYfhka jQ Kh fhdackd l%u folla msg; j.dlrejka i|yd jQ Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a y`≥kajd fokq ,enq◊' fuys°
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j fuu Kh fhdackd l%uhkays Kh jevigyk l%shd;aul ls¯fï
ksfhda‚; ldr®hh bgq lrkq ,nhs' fuu jevigyk i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 625'19 la fhdojd we;s w;r" thska remsh,a ñ,shk
154'17 la w.hodu ixjr®Ok m%d.aOk lDIsldr®ñl Kh‍ fhdackd l%uh l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd o remsh,a ñ,shk 469'02 la
w.hodu ixjr®Ok ld,Sk lDIsldr®ñl Kh fhdackd l%uh l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd o fjka lr we;' fuu jevigyk NADeP
jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK wxYh úiska fuu Kh uqo,a 2016 Tlaf;danr® isg ,nd °ug woyia lrhs' msg; j.dlrejka i|yd jQ
Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a jQ fuu Kh fhdackd l%u l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd ,xld nexl=j" yegka keIk,a nexl=j" m%dfoaYSh
ixjr®Ok nexl=j iy ldr®.s,aia nexl=j hk uQ,Hdh;k iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k f,i f;dard f.k we;' ta wkqj" fufyhqï
Wmfoiays i|yka fldkafoais yd kshuhka wkqj 2016 Tlaf;danr® ui w. jk úg iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska remsh,a
ñ,shk 623'19 l uqo,la ‍fnod ye˙h hq;= fõ'
2' Kh fhdackd l%ufhys wruqKq
fuu Kh fhdackd l%ufhys uQ,sl wruqKq jkafka lDIsldr®ñl ksIamdokj, ksIamdokh" M,odhs;dj" .=Kd;aul nj jeä
ls¯u iy w.h tla ls¯uh' óg wu;rj" Kh fhdackd l%uh myiqlï i,ikq ,nkafka"
^w& lDIsldr®ñl ksIamdok jeä ls¯u iy w.h tla ls¯u ;=<ska l=gqïN wdodhu by< kexùfuka f.dùkaf.a „jk ;;a;ajh
Wiia ls¯u'
^wd& f.dùkag ,nd fok Kh i|yd jk .kqfokq ms˙jeh wju ls¯u'
^we& f.dùkaf.a iudc ;;a;ajh jeä†hqKq ls¯u'
^wE& úêu;a uQ,H moaO;sh ;=<g f.dùka f.k tau u.ska Tjqka w;r uQ,H wka;r®.;Ndjh jeä†hqKq ls¯u' ‍
^b& f.dùka w;r b;s˙ ls¯fï mqreoao yd iliqreju we;s ls¯u'
^B& .%dóh f.dùka w;r w.hodu wf,úlrKh yd in|;djhka ixjr®Okh ls¯u'
^W& .%dóh f.dùka i|yd kjH j.d l%u y`≥kajd °u'
^W!& lDIsldr®ñl ksIamdok jeä ls¯ug yd rfÜ o< foaYSh ksIamd†;h jr®Okh i|yd odhl ùug f.dùka †˙ .ekaùu'
3' Kh fhdackd l%uh
3'1 msg; j.dlrejka i`oyd jQ f.dú Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a l%shd;aul jk Kh fhdackd l%u fol i|ydu my; ,laIK
fmd≥ fõ'
^w& ;ks m%;s,dNSka i|yd Kh ,nd foa'
^wd& fmd,S wkqmd;h ( wjika Kh.e;shd i|yd jdr®Islj ishhg 6'5 hs' iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k i|yd m%;suQ,H md,S
wkqmd;h jdr®Islj ishhg 3'25 hs'
^we& iq/l=ï
P4 hgf;a we;s iud.ï ^weuqKqï I& iy f.dùka w;r m%;sñ,° .ekSï .súiqula yd fm!oa.,sl wem folla
^wE& l%shd;aul jk m%foaY ( †jhsk mqrd
3'2 tlsfklg fjkia Kh fhdackd l%u fol i|yd wkkH jQ ,laIK my; m˙† fõ'

III fldgi - 88 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

3'2'1 w.hodu ixjr®Ok m%d.aOk lDIsldr®ñl Kh fhdackd l%uh

^w& Kh iSudj ( tla m%;s,dNsfhla i|yd Wm˙u Kh uqo, re'300"000$-
^wd& wruqK ( f.dú WmlrK iy f.dúm, há;, myiqlï ixjr®Okh i|yd f.dùka yg Kh ,nd fokq
,efí'
^we& iyk ld,h ( jHdmD;sfha wjYH;djh u; mokïj Wm˙u ld,h udi yhls' iyk ld,h ;=<° fmd,S
f.ùu i|yd Khlrejka ne£ isà'
^wE& wdmiq f.ùï ld,h ( Wm˙u udi 36 ls'
3'2'2 w.hodu ixjr®Ok ld,Sk lDIsldr®ñl Kh fhdackd l%uh
^w& Kh iSudj ( tla m%;s,dNsfhla i|yd Wm˙u Kh uqo, re' 150"000$-
^wd& wruqK ( f.dú;eka lghq;= i|yd wjYH jk ldrl m%d.aOkh imqrd .ekSu i|yd Kh ,nd fokq
,nhs'
^we& wdmiq f.ùï ld,h ( f.dùkaf.a uqo,a m%udKh iy fNda.j, wiajekak fk,k ld,h u; mokïj udi
06 ;a 09 ;a w;r ld, mrdihl úh yel'
4' iq≥iqlï,;a m%;s,dNSka
4'1 w.hodu ixjr®Ok ;=<ska oekgu;a f;dard.;a fm!oa.,sl iud.ï iu`. iïnkaO ù isák m%;s,dNSka ^P4& u.ska f;dard
.kq ,efí'
4'2 fjk;a lsisu uQ,H wdh;khl Kh meyeryer ke;s f.dùka iy
4'3 fhda‚; jHdmD;sfhys Okd;aul uqo,a m%jdyhka yd m%udKj;a wdmiq f.ùfï yelshdjla we;s nj nexl=jg fmkaùug
yels f.dùka
5' iq≥iqlï,;a l%shdldrlï
5'1 l%shdldrlïj, m%Odk ldKav f,i we;=<;a úh hq;af;a
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kj,g ms<s.; yels P4 hgf;a jQ cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyfkys f.dùka úiska is≥
lrk ,o jákdlï tl;= l< lDIs jHdmdr jHdmD;s we;=<;a jQ lDIslr®uh u; mokï jHdmD;s ^;Srej I" weuqKqu II&
5'2 weuqKqu II" ;Srej 2 yd ° we;s ldrl m%d.aOk wjYH;d i|yd w.hodu ixjr®Ok ld,Sk lDIsldr®ñl Kh fhdackd l%uh
hgf;a Kh ,nd †h yelsh'
5'3 weuqKqu II" ;Srej 3 ys ° we;s l%shdldrlï i|yd w.hodu ixjr®Ok m%d.aOk lDIsldr®ñl Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a Kh
,nd †h yelsh'
6' iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kj, j.lSï yd ldr®hNdrh
jevigyk l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska l%shdld¯ ldr®hNdrhla bgq ls¯ug wjYH fõ' tA i`oyd"
^w& jevigyk l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd wjYH ldr®huKav,hla fjkalr we;s nj iy;sl úh hq;=h'
^wd& Kh fn∞ye¯u yd m%;smQrKh lr .ekSfï mQr®K j.lSu .; hq;= fõ'
^we& tla tla Wm jHdmD;sh uQ,Huh YlH nj iy wdr®:ßl jr®Okhg we;s odhl;ajh iy wf,úlrKfhys YlH;dj ms<sn`o
;Dma;su;a úh hq;=h'
^wE& .sKqï yd uQ,H jdr®;d mj;ajd .ekSu
ƒƒ iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska iq≥iq f,cr® .sKqï iy jdr®;d mj;ajdf.k Wm Kh we.hSï" wkque;Ska" uqodye¯ï
yd whlr .ekSï i|yka ls¯u is≥ l< hq;=h'
ƒƒ iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska Kh ,eîï iy m%;suQ,H l%shdldrlï i|yd fjk fjku .sKqï mj;ajdf.k hdu
is≥ l< hq;= fõ'
ƒƒ m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j iy jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK wxYfhys ^IFAD fjkqfjka& m¯laId ls¯ï yd
iudf,dapkh i|yd .sKqï yd uQ,H jdr®;d iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k i;=j ;sìh hq;=h' ;jo" iyNd.s;aj uQ,H
wdh;k úiska wjYH úg°" m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j iy jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK tAllh fj; b†˙m;a
l< hq;=h'
7' Kh ,shdm†xÑ ls¯fï l%shdj,sh
Kh ,shdm†xÑ ls¯fï l%shdj,sh my; m˙† is≥ l< hq;= fõ'
^w& P4 ys we;=<;a wod< fm!oa.,sl iud.ï u.ska P4 ;=<ska ksr®foaYs; iq≥iq Khlrejka iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k fj; fhduq
lrkq ,efí'
^wd& Kh we.hSïj,ska miqj" iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska m%Odk ldr®hd,h yryd tla tla wh≥ïlrejka i|yd fjk
fjku iïmQr®K lrk ,o ,shdm†xÑ ls¯fï wdlD;s m;% ^weuqKqu III& cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jegigyka jHdmD;s
l<ukdlrK tAllh fj; túh hq;=h'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 89

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

^we& cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyfka jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK tAllh u.ska m%;s,dNSkaf.a Kh f;dr;=rej,
uq,a f,aLk iu. ksr®foaYs; ,shdm†xÑ ls¯fï wh≥ïm;% ,shdm†xÑh i`oyd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ m%foaYSh ixjr®Ok
fomdr®;fïka;=jg tjkq ,efí'
^wE& jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK tAllh u.ska ksr®foaYs; wh≥ïlrejkaf.a úia;r Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j u.ska ,shdm†xÑ ls¯u
yd iEu ,shdm†xÑ wh≥ïlrefjla i|ydu kï lrk ,o úuiSï wxlhla ,ndfok w;r th wod< iyNd.s;aj uQ,H
wdh;kfha m%Odk ldr®hd,h fj; oekqï fokq ,nhs'
^b& m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=jg ;j≥rg‍;a meye†,s ls¯ula wjYH jQ ´kEu úgl° ,shdm†xÑ ls¯fï wh≥ïm;%h
jHdmD;s l<ukdlrK tAllh fj; fhduq ls¯fï whs;sh m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j i;= fõ'
8' m%;suQ,H l%shdj,sh
8'1 fuu fufyhqï Wmfoiaj, i|yka lr we;s kshuhkag yd fldkafoaisj,g wkqj" lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Okh i|yd jk
cd;Hka;r wruqo, u.ska imhk ,o wruqo,a fhdod .ksñka fuu Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a ,nd fok ,o Kh i|yd
ishhg 100 l m%;suQ,H ,nd°u Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska is≥ lrkq ,efí'
8'2 ;u YdLdj,ska Kh ksoyia ls¯fuka miqj" ksis m˙† iïmQr®K lrk ,o m%;suQ,H ,nd .ekSfï wh≥ïm;a iyNd.s;aj
uQ,H wdh;kfha m%Odk ldr®hd,h úiska m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; b†˙m;a l< hq;=h' iEu m%;suQ,H
wh≥ïm;lau my; i|yka ,sms f,aLk iu. ;sìh hq;=h'
Wm .%ka: IV - m%;suQ,H i|yd wh≥ïm;%h ^w&
Wm .%ka: V - m%;suQ,H i|yd Kh uqodye¯fï wh≥ïm;% m%ldYh ^wd&
Wm .%ka: VI - b,aÆ‍ï fmdfrdka≥ fkdaÜgqj
Wm .%ka: VII - fn∞ye¯fï ,shú,a,
Wm .%ka: VIII - m%;s« udr®.fhka YS% ,xld uy nexl=jg mej¯fï wdlD;sh
Wm .%ka: IX - uq∞ye¯fï ,smsh
8'3 Kh uqody, †k isg udi 01 la we;=<; m%Odk ldr®hd, yryd m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; m%;suQ,H
wh≥ïm;% b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
8'4 m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;%fhys wkque;sh u; m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;%h wkqu; lr ,efnk
ms<sfj, wkqj m%uqL;djh ,nd ° m%;suQ,H ksoyia lrhs'
9' m%;suQ,H uqodye¯u
— w.hodu ixjr®Ok lDIsldr®ñl m%d.aOk Kh fhdackd l%uh — iy w.hodu ixjr®Ok ld,Sk lDIsldr®ñl Kh fhdackd l%uh
hk fhdackd l%u fol l%shd;aul ls¯u i|yd f;dard .;a iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k iy Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j w;r Wm Kh
.súiqï w;aika lrkq ,efí'
10' Kh whlr .ekSu
10'1 iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k i|yd ,nd ≥ka m%;suQ,H i|yd m%d.aOk iy fmd,sh whlr .ekSu wr®O jdr®Islj is≥ lrkq
,efí'
Wod(- tkï" iEu jirlu cQks 30 iy foieïnr® 31
10'2 m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ilik ,o m%;suQ,H i|yd jk Kh wdmiq f.ùfï Wmf,aLk j,g wkqj"
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k úiska m%;suQ,H Kh i|yd m%d.aOk yd fmd,sh Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j‍g f.úh hq;=h'
11' .sKqï ú.Kkh
11'1 m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska Kh fhdackd l%ufhys jdr®Isl uQ,H m%ldYk ms<sfh, lrk w;r tu uQ,H
m%ldYk ú.Kldêm;s ú.Kkh lrkq ,nhs' ú.Kldêm;sf.a jdr®;dfõ iy;sl lrk ,o msgm;la m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok
fomdr®;fïka;=jg ,o úg th lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Okh i|yd jk cd;Hka;r wruqo, fj; b†˙m;a lrkq ,efí'
11'2 lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Okh i|yd jk cd;Hka;r wruqof,a wjYH;djhla jk fyhska" fuu jevigyfkys uQ,H m%ldY
ú.Kkh ls¯u iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kh úiska is≥ l< hq;=h'
wjYH wjia:djl°" m%;suQ,H fhdackd l%ufha kshuhka yd fldkafoais ixfYdaOkh ls¯fï whs;sh Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j i;= fõ'
Tnf.a úYajdiS
ã'ù'tia' ohdjxY ñh
wOHlaI$m%foaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j

III fldgi - 90 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

weuqKqu ( I
mqoa.,sl rdcH ksIamdol yjq,a jHdmdr hgf;a l%shd;aul jk wdh;k ^P4&

wxlh wdh;kfha ku jHdmD;sfha ku

01 ld.s,aia fvhß mqoa.,sl iud.u lsß l¾udka; ixj¾Okh
02 ikaf*%diaÜ mqoa.,sl iud.u .¾lska j.dj
03 tÉ'fÊ'tia' l=¿nvq iud.u óueis md,k ieliqu
04 fya,Sia wef.%d *dï mqoa.,sl iud.u îc ÆKq ksIamdokh
05 ikaf*%diaÜ mqoa.,sl iud.u c,dmsfkda .ïñßia j.dj
06 tÉ'fÊ'tia' l=¿nvq iud.u je,a fodvï j.dj
07 ,Ekaâud¾la wef.%d iSâia mqoa.,sl iud.u t<j¿ îc ksIamdokh
08 fk,akd *dï mqoa.,sl iud.u ldnksl nv bßÕ=‍ j.dj
09 fpf,da fvhß mqoa.,sl iud.u lsß l¾udka; ixj¾Okh
10 f*dkafgrd n%Ekaâia ,xld mqoa.,sl iud.u lsß l¾udka; ixj¾Okh
11 iSwhsiS f.a%kaia mqoa.,sl iud.u nv bßÕ=‍ j.dj
12 iSwhsiS lDIsld¾ñl wmkhk mqoa.,sl iud.u fi!LHdrlaIs; iy,a ksIamdokh
13 iS$i Y%S ,xld l=l=¿ ksIamdok fjf<| iud.u l=l=¿ ksIamdokh
14 ,xld bflda m%vlaIka mqoa.,sl iud.u ls;=,a wdY%s; ksIamdok

weuqKqu ( II
zw.hodu ixjr®Ok ld,Sk lDIsldr®ñl KhZ yd zw.hodu ixjr®Ok m%d.aOk lDIsldr®ñl KhZ
hgf;a fhda.H l%shdldrlï
jHdmD;sfha ku ldrl m%d.aOk iD;=uh Kh m%d.aOk lDIsldr®ñl Kh
lsß l¾udka; i;ajdydr ixj¾Okh re'30"000$- g wvq wê YS;lrK" ;Kfld, lemSfï hka;%" lsß ,nd .ekSfï
ixj¾Okh jákdlula we;s WmlrK" fmdfydr" hka;%" .j uvq bÈlsÍï$w¨‍;ajeähdj" Ôj jdhq tall yd
.jhska i|yd wdydr" L‚c j¾." lïlre iajhx c, md,kh l< yels uvq
yd fjk;a úhoï
.eg lelsß j.dj .eg lelsß îc" fmdfydr" ridhk j;=r fmdïm" bf,lafg%dksla fudagr" ìkaÿ c, iïmdokh"
^.¾lska& øjH" N+ñh ieliSu" re' 30"000$- g wvq j.d <sx f.dvke.Su yd w¨‍;ajeähdj wdÈh
jákdlfuka hq;= WmlrK" lïlre yd
fjk;a úhoï
óueis md,k óueis ckmo" ,Sfhka ;ekQ óueis fmÜá"
ieliSu hgud,fha ójo iels,a," re' 30"000$- g
wvq jákdlfuka hq;= WmlrK" lïlre
yd fjk;a úhoï
îc ΩÆKq ksIamdokh îc yd fmdfydr" re' 30"000$- g wvq nyq Wux yd f.dvke.s,s
jákdlfuka hq;= WmlrK" lïlre yd
fjk;a úhoï
c,dmsfkda .ïñßia frdamK øjH" fmdfydr ridhk øjH" re' j;=r fmdïm yd WmlrK
j.dj 30"000$- g wvq jákdlfuka hq;= WmlrK"
lïlre yd fjk;a úhoï
je,a fodvï j.dj je,a fodvï frdamKh" fmdfydr" j;=r fmdïm yd WmlrK
fldïfmdaiaÜ fmdfydr" re' 30"000$- g wvq
jákdlfuka hq;= WmlrK" lïlre yd
fjk;a úhoï
t<j¿ îc lDóka we;=¿ úh fkdyels oe,a" mkao,ï j;=r fmdïm" nyq$w÷re ksjdi
ksIamdokh oe,a" mkao,ï WmlrK" miq wiajkq
mßyrK øjH" re' 30"000$- g wvq
jákdlfuka hq;= WmlrK" lïlre yd
fjk;a úhoï

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 91

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

ldnksl nv bßÕ=‍ fmdfydr" m<sfndaO u¾Ok Èhr" îc j;=r fmdïm

j.dj yd lïlrejka" re' 30"000$- g wvq
jákdlfuka hq;= WmlrK yd fjk;a
úhoï
nv bßÕ=‍ j.dj îc" fmdfydr" ridhk øjH" N+ñh f.dú <sx f.dvke.Su yd w¨‍;ajeähdj" ìkaÿ c,
ieliSu" re' 30"000$- g wvq jákdlfuka iïmdokh
hq;= WmlrK" lïlre yd fjk;a úhoï
l=l=¿ ksIamdokh l=l=¿ megõ ñ,§ .ekSu" l=l=¿ wdydr" l=l=¿ uvq f.dvke.Su
re' 30"000$- g wvq jákdlfuka hq;=
WmlrK" lïlre yd fjk;a úhoï
ls;=,a wdY%s; .Dyia: ksIamdok tall yd ls;=,a ld¾ñl W÷ka f.dvke.Su
ksIamdok frdamKh" ldrl m%d.aOkh wdY%s; fjk;a
lreKq" re'30"000$- g wvq jákdlfuka
hq;= WmlrK" lïlre yd fjk;a úhoï
ys;lr iy,a îc" fmdfydr" N+ñh ieliSu" re' 30"000$- g j;=r fmdïm yd WmlrK
ksIamdokh wvq jákdlfuka hq;= WmlrK" lïlre yd
fjk;a úhoï

weuqKqu ( III
cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyk ^NADeP& - w.hodu ixjr®Okh - m%d.aOk iy ld,Sk
lDIsldr®ñl Kh ,shdm†xÑ ls¯u
iyNd.s;aj fhdackd l%ufha ku (
uQ,Hdh;kfha ku (
YdLdj (
wxlh f.dú uy;df.a ku ,smskh k.rh †ia;%slalh ≥rl:k cd'ye' ia;%S$mqreI ld,Sk lDIsldr®ñl Kh m%d.aOk Kh
wxlh wxlh Ndjh wruqK Kh m%udKh whs;uh Kh m%udKh

by; i|yka jHdmD;s uúiska$nexl=fõ Kh ks,Od˙fhl= úiska wëlaIKh l< nj;a" tu jHdmD;s cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr
ixjr®Ok jevigyfka ^NADeP& w.hodu ixjr®Okfhys msg; j.dlrejka i`oyd jQ Kh fhdackd l%uh ^fldka;%d;a f.dùka&
hgf;a uQ,Hkh ls¯ug ksr®foaY lrñ'

†kh ( YdLd l<ukdlref.a w;aik yd ks, uqødj

weuqKqu IV
m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;%h ^w&
m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a wxlh (
fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl ( RDD/NADeP/VALUE CHAIN DEVELOP/2016/01

,smskh (
†kh (
cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixj¾Ok jevigyk w.hodu ixj¾Ok Kh fhdackd l%uh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
^m%d.aOk lDIsld¾ñl Kh$ld,Sk lDIsld¾ñl Kh& hgf;a msg; j.dlrejka ^fldka;%d;a ‍f.dùka&
i|yd jk m%;suQ,H whÿïm;%h'
fj; ( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
uy;auhdfKks"
^iyNd.s;aj uQ,Hdh;kfha ku& jk wm n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jla$n,m;%,dNS
úfYaIs; nexl=jla f,i jHjia:dms; ±kg mj;sk wdh;khla f,i by; Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a remsh,a
^re' & l Kh uqo, wh≥ï lruq'

III fldgi - 92 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

2' fuu wh≥ïm; b†˙m;a ls¯fï° Tnf.a fufyhqï Wmfoia wxlh: RDD/NADeP/VALUE CHAIN DEVELOP/2016/01 ys olajd
we;s kshuhka yd fldkafoais j,g hg;aj iy cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Okh jevigyfkys msg; j.dlrejka i`oyd jQ Kh
fhdackd l%uh ^fldka;%d;a f.dùka& hgf;a 2016 †ke;s YS% ,xld uy nexl=j iy wm .súi.;a Wm Kh .súiqug
w∞<j" fuu wh≥ïm; b†˙m;a lruq'
3' by; lS fufyhqï Wmfoia j,g wkql+,j by; m%;suQ,H fhdackd l%uh hgf;a wh≥ï l< †kg wm úiska uila we;=<;
m%∞kh lrk ,o Kh m%ldYkfhys wkq msgm;la fï iu. wm tjd we;' fuu m%ldYkfhys i`oyka Kh lsisjla m%;suQ,H
Kh i`oyd óg fmr b†˙m;a lrk ,o lsisu m%ldYkhl i`oyka fkdjk njg iy;sl lruq'
4' i. ;=kajk f√ofha i`oyka m˙† by; Kh fhdackd l%uh hgf;a Kh ,ndfok jHdmD;s i`oyd iq≥iqlï ,;a Wm
Khlrejkag Kh m%∞kh ls¯u;a"
ii. tu Kh w∞< Wm Khlrejkag Kh ,nd .ekSfï n,hg hg;aj Kh ,nd ° we;'
iii. wemlrejka iïnkaOj i,lk úg Kh wdmiq f.ùu iïnkaOj wem jk mqoa.,hska tjeks wemùula ,nd°u i`oyd
n,h,;a ;eke;af;l= o hkak nj"
wm iy;sl jk nj okajd isáuq'

iyNd.s;aj uQ,Hdh;kfha n,h,;a

ks,Od˙hdf.a fyda ks,Od¯kaf.a ku"
;k;=r" w;aik
l<ukdlre" m%;suQ,H tallh

weuqKqu V
m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a wxlh (
cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyfkys ^NADeP& - msg; j.dlrejka i`oyd jQ Kh fhdackd l%uh ^fldka;%d;a f.dùka&
‍hgf;a Kh uqodye¯fï m%ldYkh
‍^fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl ( RDD/NADeP/VALUE CHAIN DEVELOP/2016/01)
fj; ( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
fj;ska ( m%;suQ,H tallh
iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;kh ( YdLdj ( †ia;sl
% alh (
úuiqï Khlref.a cd'ye' Kh ,nd Kh uqo, uqody˙k uqodye¯ug iyk kej; mshùfï wdlD;sh
wxlh ku yd wxlh .ekSfï †kh n,dfmdfr;a;= m%;suQ,H ld,h
,smskh wruqK * m%udKh
Kh uqo, jd˙l uqo, jd˙l m<uq jd˙lh wjika jd˙lh
pl%h ** ^re'& .Kk ^re'& f.úh hq;= f.úh hq;=
jd˙l jákdlu †kh †kh
.Kk

tl;=j
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j yd iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k w;r m%;suQ,H .súiqu u.ska tl`. jQ m˙†" by; Kh wdmiq f.ùfï f,aLkhg wkqj fok ,o
wr®O jdr®Isl jd˙lhka j,ska Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j fj; mshjk njg wm úiska fmdfrdka≥ fjuq'
*fufyhqï Wmfoiays 4 jeks f√ofha olajd we;s m˙†'
**1 jk Kh 2 jk Kh 3 jk Kh f,i olajkak'
n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a w;aik
oskh

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 93

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

weuqKqu VI
fmdfrdka≥ fkdaÜgqj
m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a wxlh (
^fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl RDD/NADeP/VALUE CHAIN DEVELOP/2016/01 &
†kh (
b,aÆï fmdfrdkaÿ fkdaÜgqj
re
^iyNd.s;aj uQ,Hdh;kfha ku yd
,smskh& jk wm úiska my; w;aika l< uqΩ Kh uqo, jk remsh,a ^re' &
uqo, jdr®Islj ''''''''' ] fmd,S wkqmd;h hgf;a jk fmd,S uqo, o iu. Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg f.ùug fld<U ° fuhska fmdfrdka≥
fjuq'
fjkqfjka ^iyNd‍.s;aj uQ,Hdh;kfha ku&
m%;suQ,H tallh
m%Odk ldr®hd,h
1'
^uqoaorh& 2'
n,h,;a ks,Od¯kaf.a w;aika
idlaIslrejka (
1'
2'

weuqKqu VII
Ndr°fï ,smsh
m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;% wxlh (
‍^fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl RDD/NADeP/VALUE CHAIN DEVELOP/2016/01&
Ndr§fï ,smsh
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j fj;"
cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyfkys ^NADeP& msg; j.dlrejka ^fldka;%d;a f.dùka& i`oyd jQ Kh fhdackd l%uh
hgf;a 2016'10'07 †ke;s Tnf.a fufyhqï Wmfoia RDD/NADeP/VALUE CHAIN DEVELOP/2016/01 g
w∞<j wm úiska is≥ lrk ,o Kh yd iïnkaO lghq;= i`oyd wm fj; ,nd °ug tl`. jQ Kh m%udKh jk remsh,a
^re' & uqo, ms<s.ekSug
tl`.;djh m< lrk w;r" thg wod<j wm úiska f.úh hq;= remsh,a
^re' & wod< fmdfrdka≥ fkdaÜgqj f.úh hq;= uqo, yd
i|yka l< ld,hg wod< fmd,S uqo, o iu. Tn fj; Ndr°u is≥ lrkq ,efí'
by; lS fmdfrdka≥ fkdaÜgqj f.ùu i|yd b†˙m;a ls¯fuka je<flk neúka" th w.re ls¯ug oekqï°fï wjYH;djhla we;s
fkdjkq we;'
fjkqfjka ^iyNd.s;aj uQ,Hdh;kfha ku&
m%;suQ,H tallh
m%Odk ldr®hd,h
3'
4'
^n,h,;a ks,Od¯kaf.a w;aika&

III fldgi - 94 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

weuqKqu VIII
mejreï ,smsh
m%;suQ,H wh≥ïm;a wxlh (
^fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl RDD/NADeP/VALUE CHAIN DEVELOP/2016/01&

†kh (
uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 88 A j.ka;sh hgf;a Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a uKav,hg
wem jk njg fokq ,nk m%;s{dj*
^iyNd.s;aj uQ,Hdh;kfha ku
yd ,smskh& jk wm Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 88 A j.ka;s m%ldrj m%;s« udr®.fhka YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
fj; wh úhhq;= Kh l=ulao hkak wdlD;sfhys i`oyka m˙† iq/l=ula f,i$;j≥rg;a iq/l=ula f,i mshùug we;s remsh,a
^re' & tys jdr®Isl fmd,S wkqmd;h jk iu. my;
wdlD;shg wod<j kej; f.ùug wem fjuq'
wdld;s m;%h
Kh uqo, Khlref.a ku yd †kh fkd;d˙ia
,smskh

n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a w;aik

^fjkqfjka uQ,Hdh;kfha ku&
m%;suQ,H tallh
m%Odk ldr®hd,h
* n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl= yd n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= i|yd mu◊'

weuqKqu IX
uqodye¯fï ,smsh
^fufyhqï Wmfoia RDD/NADeP/VALUE CHAIN DEVELOP/2016/01&
iyNd.s;aj uQ,Hdh;kh (
iyNd.s;aj uQ,Hdh;k wxlh (
YdLdj (
YdLdfõ wxlh (
Kh wxlh (
†kh (
uqod ye¯u (
msg; j.dlrejka ^fldka;%d;a f.dùka& i`oyd jQ Kh fhdackd l%ufha
Kh uqod ye¯fï m%ldYh
úuiSï wxlh (‍
1' Khlref.a f;dr;=re
1'1 Khlref.a ku (
1'2 Khlref.a ,smskh (

2'
Kh iïnkaO f;dr;=re
2'1 Kh uqof,a wruqK (
2'2 jHdmD;sh msysá ia:dkh (
2'3 wkque;sh ,enQ uqΩ Kh uqo, ( wdrïNfha° re'
ms˙jeh blaujd hdfï° jr®Okh l< Kh uqo, re'
uqΩ uqo, re'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 95

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

2'4 Kh uqo, i|yd uq,a wkque;sh ,enQ †kh (

Kh uqo, jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd wkque;sh ,enQ †kh (
2'5 m%;suQ,H jd˙l f,i wdmiq f.ùfï l%shd ms<sfj, (
†kh ( uqΩ uqo, ^re'& (
2'6 fmd,S wkqmd;h (
3' Kh uqof,a ;;a;ajh
3'1 fmrd;=j uqodye˙ m%udKh yd
Y%S',x'u'ne' m%;suQ,H ysñlï mE m%udKh re'
3'2 fuu wjia:dfõ° uqody˙k m%udKh yd
m%;suQ,H n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk m%udKh re'
uqΩ uqo, re'
by; i|yka f;dr;=re i;H yd ksjer† njg ‍uúiska ksr®foaY lrñ'

†kh ( YdLd l<ukdlref.a ku yd w;aik

fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl( RDD$NADeP$YOUTH 2016$01 ^ixfYdaOkh& m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
;e'fm' 590
wxl'30" ckdêm;s udj;
fld<U 01
2016 foieïnr® ui 20 jk †k
ishÆu iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k fj;"
uy;auhdfKks$uy;añhks"

cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixj¾Ok jevigyk ^NADeP& hgf;a ls%hd;aul jk z;reK ÈßhZ
;dreKH iún,.ekaùu iy /lshd jHdmD;sh ys fufyhqï Wmfoia ixfYdaOkh
2016 wf.daia;= 03 †ke;s fufyhqï Wmfoia wxl RDD/NADeP/YOUTH 2016$01 ys fojk m˙Éf√ofha 01 jk j.ka;sh my; m˙†
ixfYdaOkh l< nj ñka oekqï fokq ,efí'
ta wkqj" fuu jevigykska remsh,a ñ,shk 225 la z;reK †˙hZ ;dreKH iú n,.ekaùu iy /lshd jHdmD;s jevigyk
ls%hd;aul ls¯u i|yd fjka lr we;s w;r" fuu jevigyk ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nk cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyka
jHdmD;s wxYh" wruqo,a uqod ye¯u iy m%;suQ,Hhkh ls¯u 2017 udr®;= ui w. jk úg wjika ls¯ug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' z;reK
†˙hZ jevigyk ls%hd;aul ls¯u i|yd ,xld nexl=j" ãtµaaiSiS nexl=j iy m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok nexl=j" iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k
f,i f;dard f.k we;' ta wkqj" remsh,a ñ,shk 225 la jQ uqΩ wruqo,a m%udKh iyNd.s;aj uQ,H wdh;k u.ska fufyhqï Wmfoiays
i|yka kshuhka yd fldkafoais wkqj" 2017 udr®;= ui w. jk úg uqod yer m%;suQ,Hhkh l< hq;=h'
fuu Kh fhdackd l%ufha wfkl=;a ishÆu kshuhka yd fldkafoais fkdfjkiaj mj;skq we;'
ixfYdaê; fufyhqï Wmfoia 2016 Tlaf;danr® ui 01 jk †k isg ls%hd;aul jk w;r fuu ixfYdaOkfha wvx.= lreKq wod<
ks,Od¯ka fj; oek.ekSug i,iajkak'
ã'ù'tia' ohdjxY
wOHlaI$m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok
msgm;a (- wdpdr®h hika; udmgqk" jevigyka l<ukdlre"
cd;sl lDIs jHdmdr ixjr®Ok jevigyk

laIqøuQ,H mkf;a úOdk" 2016 wxl 01 2016 Tlaf;danr® 27

wju uQ,sl m%d.aOkh
2016 wxl 6 ork laIqøuQ,H mkf;a 11 j.ka;sh m%ldrj ksl=;a lrk ,°'

1' wju uQ,sl 1'1' 2018 ckjd˙ 15 †k fyda Bg fmr n,m;%h i|yd wh≥ï lrkq ,nk iud.ï
m%d.aOkh iEu n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ula úiskau iEu úgu remsh,a ñ,shk ishhlg
^re' 100"000"000$-& fkdwvq uQ,sl m%d.aOkhla o" 2019 ckjd˙ 15 isg remsh,a ñ,shk tlish mkylg
^re' 150"000"000$-& fkdwvq uQ,sl m%d.aOkhla o mj;ajd .; hq;=h'

III fldgi - 96 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

1'2' 2018 ckjd˙ 15 †fkka miqj n,m;%h i|yd wh≥ï lrkq ,nk iud.ï
remsh,a ñ,shk tlish mkylg ^re'150"000"000$-& fkdwvq uQ,sl m%d.aOkhla mj;ajdf.k hd hq;=h'
2' wkql+, fkdjk 2'1' n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ula fuu úOdkj,g wkql+, fkdjk úg°"
wjia:djl ° w' fuu úOdkhkag wkql+, fkdjk njg ;yjqre lr.;a udifha wjidk †kg mej;s uq`M ;ekam;=
kS;suh l%shdudr®. iy ,nd.;a Kh m%udKfha fYaIhg iSud úh hq;=h'
wd' wju m%d.aOk wjYH;djh imqrk f;la iy laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
wOHlaI úiska ta iïnkaOj iEySulg m;ajk njg ;yjqre lrk f;la n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H
iud.ula úiska ,dNdxY fkdf.úh hq;=h'
3' iud.ul uQ,sl 3'1' iud.ul uQ,sl m%d.aOkhg my; i|yka foa we;=<;a úh hq;=h'
m%d.aOkh w' ksl=;= iy iïmQr®Kfhka f.jd ksñ idudkH fldgia' flfia jqjo" mk; hgf;a n,m;% ,nd
.ekSug wh≥ïlrk iud.ul uQ,sl m%d.aOkh .Kkh ls¯fï ° uqo,a u; muKla ksl=;a l<
idudkH fldgia i,ld n,kq we;'
wd' ksl=;= iy iïmQr®Kfhka f.jd ksñ iuqÉÑ; fkdjk ksoyia lr.; fkdyels jr”h fldgia'
flfia jqjo" mk; hgf;a n,m;% ,nd .ekSug wh≥ï ls¯ug uQ,sl m%d.aOkh ;SrKh ls¯fï °
uqo,a u; muKla ksl=;a l< iuqÉÑ; fkdjk ksoyia lr.; fkdyels jr”h fldgia muKla
ie,fla'
we' jHjia:dms; ixÑ;
wE' fmd≥ ixÑ;
b' wjika jrg ú.◊; .sKqï m%ldYfha i|yka r|jd.;a ,dNh fyda mdvqj
B' mj;akd jr®Ifha m%ldYhg m;a fkdl< ,dNh ^w,dNh&
bkaø‚;a l=udriajdñ
uqo,a uKav,fha iNdm;s
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wêm;s

laIqøuQ,H mkf;a úOdk" 2016 wxl 02 2016 Tlaf;danr® 27

jHjia:dms; ixÑ;
2016 wxl 6 ork laIqøuQ,H mkf;a 11 j.ka;sh m%ldrj ksl=;a lrk ,°'

1' jHjia:dms; 1'1' iEu n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ulau jHjia:dms; ixÑ;hla mj;ajd .; hq;= w;r iEu jirlu n≥
ixÑ; f.ùfuka miq iy ,dNdxY m%ldY ls¯ug fmr Y=oaO ,dNfhka my; m˙† ixÑ; wruqo,g udre l< hq;=h'
w' laIqøuQ,H iud.fï m%ldYs; m%d.aOkfhka ishhg mkylg ^50]& iudk jk;=re by; ,dNfhka
ishhg mylg ^5]&fkdwvq m%udKhla( iy
wd' m%ldYs; m%d.aOkhg iudk jk w.hla olajd by; ,dNfhka ishhg folhs oYu mylg ^2'5]&
fkdwvq m%udKhla'
2' wr®: 2'1' 2007 wxl 07 ork iud.ï mkf;a 58 j.ka;sfha ksr®jpkh lr we;s m˙† iud.ul w∞< m%ldYs;
ksrEmkh m%d.aOkh hkqfjka"
w' fldgia ksl=;a ls¯u iïnkaOfhka· iy

wd' fldgia u; jQ werhqu iïnkaOfhka iud.ug ,enqKq fyda ,eìh hq;= iy f.úh hq;= ishÆ uqo,aj,
tl;=j woyia fõ'
bkaø‚;a l=udriajdñ
uqo,a uKav,fha iNdm;s
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wêm;s

laIqøuQ,H mkf;a úOdk" 2016 wxl 03 2016 Tlaf;danr® 27

;ekam;=
2016 wxl 6 ork laIqøuQ,H mkf;a 11 j.ka;sh m%ldrj ksl=;a lrk ,°'

1' ld,Sk iy b;=reï 1'1' iEu laIqøuQ,H iud.ulau my; i|yka ≤ fkdls¯ug j.n,d .; hq;=h"
;ekam;= ,nd .ekSu
i' udi ;=klg ^03& wvq ld,hla i|yd fyda udi ;sia yhlg ^36& jeä ld,hla i|yd ld,Sk
i|yd jk iSudjka'
;ekam;= Ndr .ekSu iy ;ekam;= wÆ;a ls¯u

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 97

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

ii' ld,Skj uqo,a uKav,h úiska kshu lrkq ,nk wju m%udKhg jvd wvq uQ,sl m%d.aOkhla
mj;sk úg l=uk wdldrfha fyda ;ekam;= Ndr .ekSu'
iii' l=uk wdldrfha fyda nd, jhialdr ;ekam;= Ndr .ekSu' fuys° nd,jhialdr hkafkka
jfhdamQr®K;aj wd« mk;ska ^66 m˙Éf√oh& olajd we;s m˙† iy tu mk;g flfrk
ixfYdaOk wkqj kS;s.; jfhdamQr®K;aj jhig m;a fkdjQ hkak wr®: ±lafõ'
2' Wm˙u ;ekam;= 2'1' iEu n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ulau tla ;ekam;alrefjl= úiska ;ksj fyda yjq,aj
jákdlu mj;ajdf.k hk ;ekam;=j, uq`M tl;=j remsh,a ,laI ;=kla ^re'300"000& blaujQ ;ekam;=
ndr.ekSu iy wÆ;a ls¯u fkdl< hq;=h'
2'2' n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ul ;ekam;=j, uq`M jákdlu tu iud.fï ydkslrKh fkdjQ Kh
iy w;a;sldrïj, tl;=fjka ishhg mkyla ^50]& fkdblauúh hq;=h'
3' †˙.ekaùfï 3'1' laIqøuQ,H iud.ï ;ekam;= i|yd lsisu wdldrhl †˙.ekaùï y∫kajd fkd†h hq;=h' fuys i|yka
jevigyka u; jk §†˙.ekaùï¶ hkq ;ekam;=lrejkag fmd,sh f.ùug wu;rj fjk;a uQ,Huh fyda øjHuh m%;s,dN
jdrKhka ms˙keóuhs'
4' wl%Sh .sKqï 4'1' iEu n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ulau my; i|yka lreKq we;=<;a jk m˙† wl%Sh .sKqï i|yd
m%;sm;a;sh m%;sm;a;shla y∫kajd †h hq;=h'
⁄' wl%Sh .sKqï f,i ye¢kaùfï ld,iSudj
⁄⁄' wl%Sh .sKqï l%shdld¯ .sKqïj,ska fjka lr;eîu
⁄⁄⁄' oaú;aj md,k l%uh hgf;a kej; l%shd;aul ls¯u
bkaø‚;a l=udriajdñ
uqo,a uKav,fha iNdm;s
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wêm;s

laIqøuQ,H mkf;a úOdk" 2016 wxl 04 2016 Tlaf;danr® 27

wju øjYS, j;alï wkqmd;slhla mj;ajd .ekSu
2016 wxl 6 ork laIqøuQ,H mkf;a 11 j.ka;sh m%ldrj ksl=;a lrk ,°'

1' wju øjYS, 1'1' iEu n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ulau iEu úgu øjYS, j;alïj, tl;=fõ idudkH udisl uq`M
j;alï ;ekam;= j.lSïj, tl;=fjka ishhg myf<djlg ^15]& fkdwvq úh hq;=h'
wkqmd;slh
1'2' øjYS, j;alï wkqmd;slh ^ø'j'w'& .Kkh ls¯u my; i|yka iQ;%h mokï lrf.k l< hq;=h' øjYS,
j;alï wkqmd;slh .Kkh ls¯u iúia;rj weuqKqfuys olajd we;'
øjYS, j;alï tl;=fõ idudkHh
øjYS, j;alï wkqmd;slh } x 100
;ekam;=j, uq`M tl;=j
2' idudkH øjYS, 2'1' iEu n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ulau mj;ajd .kq ,nk ld,h i|yd my; j;alïys ffoksl idudkH
j;alï tl;=j tl;= ls¯fuka uq`M idudkH øjYS, j;alï .Kkh l< hq;=h'
w' w;e;s uqo,a
wd' hï nexl=lrefjl=f.a ,shulska fyda whls¯ulska ksoyia jd◊c nexl=j, we;s cx.u .sKqfuys
fYaIh
we' hï nexl=lrefjl=f.a ,shulska fyda whls¯ulska ksoyia úfYaIs; nexl=j, mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk
;ekam;= .sKqfuys fYaIh
b' hï nexl=lrefjl=f.a ,shulska fyda whls¯ulska ksoyia Y%S ,xld wdKavqfõ NdKavd.dr ì,am;a
B' hï nexl=lrefjl=f.a ,shulska fyda whls¯ulska ksoyia wjqreoaola ;=< l,amsfrk Y%S ,xld
wdKavqfõ NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr
W' hï nexl=lrefjl=f.a ,shulska fyda whls¯ulska ksoyia wjqreoaola ;=< l,amsfrk Y%S ,xld
wdKavqfõ iq/l=ïm;a
W!' hï nexl=lrefjl=f.a ,shulska fyda whls¯ulska ksoyia wjqreoaola ;=< l,amsfrk Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ iq/l=ïm;a
t' hï nexl=lrefjl=f.a ,shulska fyda whls¯ulska ksoyia wjqreoaola ;=< l,amsfrk m%;sñ,°.ekSï
.súiqï.; NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr

III fldgi - 98 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

3' wëlaIK 3'1 n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ul øjYS,;djh mj;ajd .; hq;= wju wjYH;djhg jvd wvq ùu j<lajd
ue†y;aùï .ekSu i|yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j laI◊lj ue†y;a jkq we;'
iy wju
wjYH;djhka 3'2 n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ula úOdk 1 ys m˙† wju øjYS, wjYH;djh mj;ajd .ekSug wfmdfydi;a
;yjqre lr jqjfyd;a tu wju wjYH;djh imqrk f;la iy Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK
.ekSfï mshjr fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI ta nj ia:ßr lrk f;la" tu iud.u úiska tla †klg øjYS,;d ys`.fhys
jákdlñka ishhg oYu tlla ^0'1]& fyda remsh,a úismkaoyila ^re' 25"000$-& hk foflka wvq uqo,
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg f.úh hq;=h'
5' kshduk jdr®;d 5'1 iEu n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ulau fï iu`. we;s jdr®;d ls¯fï wdlD;sh Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka
ls¯u udislj" iEu uilau wjidk ù B<`. †k 15 la we;=<; øjYS, j;alï wkqmd;slh ms<sn| jdr®;djla
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI fj; b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
bkaø‚;a l=udriajdñ
uqo,a uKav,fha iNdm;s
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wêm;s

weuqKqu
fj;ska
wOHlaI" laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j fj;

øjYS, j;alï wkqmd;slh

re'Z000
1' udifha wjidk jev lrk †kg uq`M ;ekam;= ^mokï †kh&
2' udih i|yd jk øjYS, j;alïj, idudkH ^mj;ajd .kq ,nk ld,h&
^w& w;e;s uqo,a
^wd& hï nexl=lrefjl=f.a ,shulska fyda whls¯ulska ksoyia jd◊c nexl=j, we;s cx.u .sKqfï fYaIh
^we& hï nexl=lrefjl=f.a ,shulska fyda whls¯ulska ksoyia jd◊c nexl=j, we;s ;ekam;= .sKqfuys
fYaIh
^wE& hï nexl=lrefjl=f.a ,shulska fyda whls¯ulska ksoyia úfYaIs; nexl=j, mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk
;ekam;= .sKqfuys fYaIh
^b& hï nexl=lrefjl=f.a ,shulska fyda whls¯ulska ksoyia Y%S ,xld wdKavqfõ NdKavd.dr ì,am;a
^B& hï nexl=lrefjl=f.a ,shulska fyd wh ls¯ulska ksoyia wjqreoaola ;=< l,amsfrk Y%S ,xld wdKavqfõ
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr
^W& hï nexl=lrefjl=f.a ,shulska fyda whls¯ulska ksoyia wjqreoaola ;=< l,amsfrk Y%S ,xld wdKavqfõ
iq/l=ïm;a
^W!& hï nexl=lrefjl=f.a ,shulska fyda whls¯ulska ksoyia wjqreoaola ;=< l,amsfrk Y%S ,xld
uy nexl=fõ iq/l=ïm;a
^t& hï nexl=lrefjl=f.a ,shulska fyda whls¯ulska ksoyia wjqreoaola ;=< l,amsfrk m%;sñ,°.ekSï
.súiqï.; NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr
3' øjYS, j;alï wkqmd;h ^2'1 ys m%;sY;hla f,i&
wms$uu" by; jdr®;dj ksjer† njg;a" iud.fï f,aLkj,g wkql+, njg;a fuhska iy;sl lrñ$lruq'

†kh(
n,h,;a ks,Od˙hdf.a w;aik

igyk( mokï †kh miq.sh udifha wjika jev lrk †khhs' W∞( wm%sfh,a udih i|yd øjYS, j;alï .Kkh lrkq ,nkafka udr®;= udih wjidkfha ;ekam;= j.lSu
mokï lrf.kh' øjYS, j;alï mj;ajd .; hq;= ld,h ^mj;ajd.kq ,nk ld,h& mokï †kfhka miqj tk †k or®Yk udifha m<uq jk jev lrk †kfhka mgka
f.k tu ui wjidk †kh olajd fõ'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 99

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

laIqøuQ,H mkf;a úOdk" 2016 wxl 05 2016 Tlaf;danr® 27

fldgia ysñhka we.hSu
2016 wxl 6 ork laIqøuQ,H mkf;a 11 j.ka;sh m%ldrj ksl=;a lrk ,°'

1' ksr®Kdhl 1'1' mqoa.,fhl= my; lreKqj,g hg;a jkafka kï Tyqg n,h,;a laIqøuQ,H iud.ul úfYaIs; fldgia
ysñlrejl= úh fkdyel'
w' Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl fmd,Sishla" hï kshduk fyda wëlaIK wêldrhla" jD;a;Shfõ°kaf.a
ix.uhla" úur®Yk fldñIka iNdjla" úksYaph iNdjla fyda fjk;a kS;suh wdh;khla u.ska
hï jxpdjla" /jáula" jxl l%shdjla fyda ta yd iudk idmrdë l%shdjla ms<sn|j is≥ lrkq ,nk
úur®Ykhlg fyda úNd. ls¯ulg Ndckh ù ;sîu'
wd' jxpdjla" /jàula" jxl l%shdjla fyda ta yd iudk idmrdë l%shdjla fyda ´kEu kS;shla fyda ta
hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,oa∞ jQ ¯;s" fr.=,dis" úOdk fyda ksr®Khkag wkql+, fkdùu jeks l%shdjka
iïnkaOfhka Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl kS;s u.ska msysgqjk ,o wêlrKhlska" kshduk fyda
wëlaIK wêldrhlska" jD;a;Shfõ°kaf.a ix.uhlska" úur®Yk fldñIka iNdjlska" úksYaph
iNdjlska fyda fjk;a uKav,hlska jer†lrefjl= fyda tlS l%shdjg iïnkaO mdr®Yjhla f,i
y∫kdf.k jer†lrefjl= ù ;sîu'
we' jxpdjla" /jàula" jxl l%shdjla fyda ta yd iudk idmrdë l%shdjla iïnkaOfhka jk jrolg
wêlrKhlska jer†lre ù fyda tjeks jrola iïnkaOfhka wêlrKhlska fpdaokd ,nd ;sîu'
wE' lsishï wêlrKhlska i∞pdr úfrdaë l%shdjlg iïnkaO jrolg jer†lre ùu'
b' Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl lsishï wêlrKhlska jia;= Nx.;ajhg fyda nxfldf,d;aNdjhg m;a
njg m%ldY lr ;sîu'
2' †jqreï 2'1 iEu n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ulau weuqKqu 1 ys ±lafjk †jqreï m%ldYh úfYaIs; fldgia ysñhkaf.ka
m%ldYh ,nd .; hq;= w;r th laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI fj; b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
b†˙m;a ls¯u
3' wr®:ksrEmkh 3'1 zúfYaIs; fldgia ysñlrejdZ hkq laIqøuQ,H iud.ul m<uq fldgia ysñlrejka oi fokd w;r isák iy
iud.fï fldgiaj,ska ishhg 10l ^10]& fldgia j, ysñld˙;ajh ork mqoa.,hdhs'
bkaø‚;a l=udriajdñ
uqo,a uKav,fha iNdm;s
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wêm;s

weuqKqu 1
fldgia ysñhka úiska b†˙m;a l< hq;= †jqreï m%ldYfha wdlD;sh
Èjqreï m%ldYh
^,smskh& ys m†xÑ ye∫kqïm;a
wxl$.uka n,m;% wxl ork ^iïmQr®K ku& jk uu fn!oaO$yska≥$l%sia;s
hdks$lf;da,sl$uqia,sï wd.ñlfhl= jYfhka .dïNSr mQr®jlj o" wjxlj o" i;Hjd°j o fufia iy;sl lrñka m%;s« foñ$†jqrd
m%ldY lrñ1'

1' by; ku i|yka m%;s«lre$†õreïlre uu fjñ'

2' uu ^iud.fï ku& wdh;kfha fldgia ysñfhl= fõ'
3' uu Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl fmd,Sishla" hï kshduk fyda wëlaIK wêldrhla" jD;a;shfõ°kaf.a ix.uhla" úur®Yk
fldñIka iNdjla" úksYaph iNdjla fyda fjk;a kS;suh wdh;khla u.ska hï jxpdjla" /jàula" jxl l%shdjla fyda ta
yd iudk idmrdë l%shdjla ms<sn|j is≥ lrkq ,nk úur®Ykhlg fyda úNd. ls¯ulg Ndckh ù fkdue;s njg m%;s«
foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'
4' uu jxpdjla" /jàula" jxl l%shdjla fyda ta yd iudk idmrdë l%shdjla fyda ´kEu kS;shla fyda ta hgf;a ksl=;a lrk
,oa∞ jQ ¯;s" fr.=,dis" úOdk fyda ksr®Khkag wkql+, fkdùu jeks l%shdjka iïnkaOfhka Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl kS;s
u.ska msysgqjk ,o wêlrKhlska" kshduk fyda wëlaIK wêldrhlska" jD;a;Shfõ°kaf.a ix.uhlska" úur®Yk fldñIka
iNdjlska" úksYaph iNdjlska fyda fjk;a uKav,hlska jer†lrefjl= fyda tlS l%shdjg iïnkaO mdr®Yjhla f,i y∫kdf.k
jer†lrefjl= ù fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'
5' uu jxpdjla" /jàula" jxl l%shdjla fyda ta yd iudk idmrdë l%shdjla iïnkaOfhka jk jrolg wêlrKhlska jer†lre
ù fyda tjeks jrola iïnkaOfhka wêlrKhlska fpdaokd ,nd fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'

III fldgi - 100 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

6' uu lsishï wêlrKhlska i∞pdr úfrdaë l%shdjlg iïnkaO jrolg jer†lre ù fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY
lrñ'

fuu †jqreï m%ldYfha i|yka lreKq w∞< m˙† uqoaor w,jkak'

m%;s«lreg$†jqreïlreg lshjd f;areï lr ≥ka w;r
Tyq$weh tu lreKq i;H njg ms<sf.k m%;s« °$†jqreï ud b†˙msg °
° †k ° ud b†˙msg ° w;aika
;nk ,°' idu∞k úksYaphldr$†jqreï flduid˙ia
igyk 1( w∞< fkdjk jpk lmd y˙kak
l%sia;shdks iy lf;da,sl mqoa.,hka †jqrd m%ldY lr isáh hq;= w;r fn!oaO" yska≥" uqia,sï iy fjk;a wd.ï woyk mqoa.,hka iy;sl lrñka m%;s« †h hq;=h'

laIqøuQ,H mkf;a úOdk" 2016 wxl 06 2016 Tlaf;danr® 27

wOHlaIjrekaf.a iy m%Odk úOdhl ks,Odßhdf.a$idudkHdêldßf.a
iqÿiqlï iy fhda.H;djh ms<sn| ;lafiarej
2016 wxl 6 ork laIqøuQ,H mkf;a 11 j.ka;sh m%ldrj ksl=;a lrk ,°'

1' iq≥iqlï yd 1'1' mqoa.,fhl= my; lreKqj,g hg;a jkafka kï" tu mqoa.,hd n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ul
fhda.H;djh wOHlaIjrfhl= fyda m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od˙fhl=$idudkHdêld˙jrfhl= f,i m;als¯ug fyda f;dard
ms<sn| .ekSug fkdyelsh'
;lafiarej w& wOHdmk iq≥iqlï fyda jD;a;Sh iq≥iqlï fyda laIqøuQ,H jHdmdr" nexl= lghq;=" uQ,H kS;suh fyda
i|yd m˙md,k fyda Bg w∞< fjk;a wxYhlska l%shdld¯ m<mqreoaola fkd;sîu'
ksr®Kdhlhka
wd& Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl fmd,Sishla" hï kshduk fyda wëlaIK wêldrhla" jD;a;Shfõ°kaf.a
ix.uhla" úur®Yk fldñIka iNdjla" úksYaph iNdjla" fyda fjk;a kS;suh wdh;khla u.ska
hï jxpdjla" /jàula" jxl l%shdjla fyda ta yd iudk idmrdë l%shdjla ms<sn|j is≥ lrkq ,nk
úur®Ykhlg fyda úNd. ls¯ulg Ndckh ù ;sîu'
we& jxpdjla" /jàula" jxl l%shdjla fyda ta yd iudk idmrdë l%shdjla fyda ´kEu kS;shla fyda ta
hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,oa∞ jQ ¯;s" fr.=,dis" úOdk fyda ksr®Khkag wkql+, fkdùu jeks l%shdjka
iïnkaOfhka Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl kS;s u.ska msysgqjk ,o wêlrKhlska" kshduk fyda
wëlaIK wêldrhlska" jD;a;Shfõ°kaf.a ix.uhlska" úur®Yk fldñIka iNdjlska" úksYaph
iNdjlska fyda fjk;a uKav,hlska jer†lrefjl= fyda tlS l%shdjg iïnkaO mdr®Yjhla f,i
y∫kdf.k jer†lrefjl= ù ;sîu'
wE& jxpdjla" /jàula" jxl l%shdjla fyda ta yd iudk idmrdë l%shdjla iïnkaOfhka jk jrolg
wêlrKhlska jer†lre ù fyda tjeks jrola iïnkaOfhka wêlrKhlska fpdaokd ,nd ;sîu'
b& lsishï wêlrKhlska i∞pdr úfrdaë l%shdjlg iïnkaO jrolg jer†lrefjl= ùu'
B& Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl lsishï wêlrKhlska jia;= Nx.;ajhg fyda nxfldf,d;a Ndjhg m;a
njg m%ldY lr ;sîu'
W& Kh wdmiq f.ùug wêlrKhlska fok ,o ksfhda.hla fyda wd«jla l%shd;aul ls¯ug
wfmdfydi;a ùu fyda meyer yer ;sîu'
W!& kshduk fyda wëlaIK wêldrhla úiska" Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl lsishï wdh;khl wOHlaI"
m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯ fyda fjk;a ks,Od˙hl= f,i fiajfhka bj;a ls¯u fyda fiajh w;aysgqùu'
t& wêlrKhla u.ska isysúl,a jQ mqoa.,fhl= f,i m%ldY ls¯u'
ta& i& kshduk fya;= u; n,m;%h fyda jHdmdrh wj,x.= lrkq ,enQ fyda w;aysgqjkq ,enQ fyda
ii& Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl ° wEjr jQ fyda wEjr fjñka mj;sk fyda wksjdr®hh wEjr
ls¯ulg hg;aj isákakd jQ ´kEu n,m;%,dNS nexl=jl" nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;khl"
wOHlaIjrfhl=" m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od˙hl= fyda fjk;a n,;, iys; ;k;=rla ord isàu'
T& fjk;a n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ul wOHlaIjrfhla fyda fiajdkshqla;slhl= ùu'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 101

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

1'2' n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ul wOHlaI f,i jhi wjqre≥ 70 blaujQ mqoa.,fhl= fiajfha fkdfh†h
hq;=h' flfia jqjo 2016 foieïnr® 31 g fmr jhi wjqre≥ 70 blaujk wOHlaIjrfhl=g 2017 ckjd˙
01 †fkka wdrïN jk m˙† Wm˙u jYfhka ;j;a jir ;=kl ^03& ld,hla wOHlaI f,i /£ isáh yel'
2' iq≥iqlï iy 2'1' iEu laIqøuQ,H iud.ulau wOHlaI fyda m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯$idudkHdêld¯ f,i m;aùu i|yd
fhda.H;ajh f;dard.;a mqoa.,hkaf.a †jqreï m%ldYhla iy m%ldYhla ms<sfj,ska weuqKqï I iy II wkqj Y%S ,xld uy
ms<sn| ;lafiare nexl=fõ laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI fj; b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
ls¯fï ° 2'2' by; i|yka lreKg wu;rj" m<uq m;aùu ,nk úg° Tyq$weh úiska fuu m;aùug fmr fiajh l<
wkq.ukh l< fiajd ia:dkfha Tyqg$wehg mej¯ ;snQ rdcld¯j, ldr®h idOk uÜgu ms<sn| fiajd fhdaclhd ksl=;a
hq;= l%shdudr®.h l< ,smshla m;aùug fmr laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI fj; b†˙m;a l<
hq;=h'
2'3' hï laIqøuQ,H iud.ula úiska ;u wOHlaI OQrfhys ;j≥rg;a /£ isák wOHlaIjrekag w∞<j jdr®Islj
†jqreï m%ldY iy m%ldYhka ;u jdr®Isl uy iNd /iaùug udihlg fmr laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI fj; b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
3' wOHlaIf.a 3'1' laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;= wOHlaI by; úOdk wxl 1 ys i|yka lreKq ie,ls,a,g
wkque;sh f.k n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ul wOHlaIjrfhl=f.a fyda m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯$idudkHdêld¯
jrfhl=f.a m;aùu fyda kej; m;als¯u wkqu; ls¯u fyda m%;slafIam ls¯u lrkq we;'
3'2 laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;= wOHlaI úiska by; wkque;sh fyda m%;slafIam ls¯u
iïnkaOj ^m%;slafIam ls¯ul ° thg n,mdk ,o lreKq o iu.ska& w∞< n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H
iud.u ±kqj;a lrk w;r" ta iïnkaOj w∞< wOHlaI fyda m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯$idudkHdêld¯f.a
ie,ls,a,g fhduq ls¯u iy tu ±kaùu ta wdldrfhkau l%shd;aul ls¯u tu laIqøuQ,H iud.fï
j.lSuls'
4' m;aùfuka miqj 4'1' iEu laIqøuQ,H iud.ulau tu iud.ug m;a jQ wOHlaI fyda m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯$idudkHdêld¯ fyda
jk kqiq≥iqlï iïnkaOj Tyq$weh tu ;k;=rg WÑ; iy fhda.H fkdjk njg idOdrK ielhla fyda fya;= ldrKd
±kqï°u we;s jQ úg tu lreKq .ek ±kqj;a ù †k oyy;rla ^14& we;=<; ta ms<sn|j laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK
fomdr®;fïka;= wOHlaI fj; ±kqï †h hq;=h'
4'2' laIqøuQ,H iud.ul hï wOHlaIjrfhla fyda m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od˙jrfhla$idudkHdêld˙jrfhla
úiska b†˙m;a l< †jqreï m%ldYlfha fyda m%ldYfha i|yka f;dr;=re fjkia jQ" fjkia l<" j,x.=
ke;s" w∞< fkdjk fyda idjoH nj fy<s jqjfyd;a" ta iïnkaOj †k oyy;rla ^14& we;=<; laIqøuQ,H
wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;= wOHlaI ±kqj;a l< hq;=h'
5' ´kEu 5'1 laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;= wOHlaI úiska hï laIqøuQ,H iud.ul wOHlaIjrfhla fyda
wjia:djl m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od˙jrfhla$idudkHdêld˙jrfhla tu ;k;=frys r|jd ;nd .ekSug kqiq≥iq iy
wOHlaI u.ska fhda.H fkdjk njg y∫kd .;a úg tu wOHlaIjrhd fyda m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od˙hd$idudkHdêld˙
;SrK .ekSu ms<sn|j úOdk wxl 3'2 ys i|yka lreKq Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka ;SrK .kq we;'
bkaø‚;a l=udriajdñ
uqo,a uKav,fha iNdm;s
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wêm;s

weuqKqu ˚
wOHlaIjrhl=$m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯jrhl=$m%Odk l<ukdlrejl=$tjeks m;aùula i|yd
f;dard.kakd ,o mqoa.,hl= úiska b†˙m;a l< hq;= †jqreï m%ldYfha wdlD;sh
Èjqreï m%ldYh
^,smskh& ys m†xÑ ye∫kqïm;a
wxl$.uka n,m;% wxl ork ^iïmQr®K ku& jk uu
fn!oaO$yska≥$l%sia;shdks$lf;da,sl$uqia,sï wd.ñlfhl= jYfhka .dïNSr mQr®jlj o" wjxlj o" i;Hjd°j o fufia iy;sl lrñka
m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ1'

1' by; ku i|yka m%;s«lre$†jqreïlre uu fjñ'

2' ^;k;=r& jk uu ^iud.fï ku&
wdh;kfha ^;k;=r& f,i m;als¯ug f;a¯m;aù we;'
3' ud yg w∞< lafIa;%hkays my; i|yka wOHdmksl iy$fyda jD;a;Suh iq≥iqlï we;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'

III fldgi - 102 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

4' ud yg my; i|yka m˙† laIqøuQ,H jHdmdr" nexl= lghq;=" uQ,Huh lghq;=" kS;suh fyda m˙md,kuh fyda fjk;a w∞<
úIhhka ms<sn|j ukd m<mqreoaola we;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'

5' uu Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl fmd,Sishla" hï kshduk fyda wëlaIK wêldrhla" jD;a;shfõ°kaf.a ix.uhla" úur®Yk
fldñIka iNdjla" úksYaph iNdjla fyda fjk;a kS;suh wdh;khla u.ska hï jxpdjla" /jàula" jxl l%shdjla fyda ta
yd iudk idmrdë l%shdjla ms<sn|j is≥ lrkq ,nk úur®Ykhlg fyda úNd. ls¯ulg Ndckh ù fkdue;s njg m%;s«
foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'
6' uu jxpdjla" /jàula" jxl l%shdjla fyda ta yd iudk idmrdë l%shdjla fyda ´kEu kS;shla fyda ta hgf;a ksl=;a lrk
,oa∞ jQ ¯;s" fr.=,dis" úOdk fyda ksr®Khkag wkql+, fkdùu jeks l%shdjka iïnkaOfhka Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl kS;s
u.ska msysgqjk ,o wêlrKhlska" kshduk fyda wëlaIK wêldrhlska" jD;a;Shfõ°kaf.a ix.uhlska" úur®Yk fldñIka
iNdjlska" úksYaph iNdjlska fyda fjk;a uKav,hlska jer†lrefjl= fyda tlS l%shdjg iïnkaO mdr®Yjhla f,i
y∫kdf.k jer†lrefjl= ù fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'
7' uu jxpdjla" /jàula" jxl l%shdjla fyda ta yd iudk idmrdë l%shdjla iïnkaOfhka jk jrolg wêlrKhlska jer†lre
ù fyda tjeks jrola iïnkaOfhka wêlrKhlska fpdaokd ,nd fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'
8' uu lsishï wêlrKhlska i∞pdr úfrdaë l%shdjlg iïnkaO jrolg jer†lre ù fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY
lrñ'
9' uu Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl lsishï wêlrKhlska jia;= Nx.;ajhg fyda nxfldf,d;a Ndjhg m;a njg m%ldY lr
fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'
10' uu Kh wdmiq f.ùug lsishï wêlrKhlska fok ,o ksfhda.hla fyda wd«jla l%shd;aul ls¯ug wfmdfydi;a ù fkdue;s
njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'
11' uu kshduk fyda wëlaIK wêldrhla úiska" Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl lsishï wdh;khl wOHlaI" m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od˙
fyda fjk;a ks,Od˙hl= f,i fiajfhka bj;a lr fyda fiajh w;aysgqjd fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'
12' uu wêlrKhla u.ska isys úl,a jQ mqoa.,fhl= f,i m%ldYhg m;a ù fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'
13' uu
w& kshduk fya;+ka u; n,m;%h fyda jHdmdrh wj,x.= lrkq ,enQ fyda w;aysgqjkq ,enQ fyda
wd& Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl ° wEjr jQ fyda wEjr fjñka mj;sk fyda wksjdr®hh wEjr ls¯ulg hg;aj isákakd jQ ´kEu
n,m;%,dNS nexl=jl" nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;khl" wOHlaIjrfhl=" m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od˙hl= fyda fjk;a n,;,
iys; ;k;=rla ord fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'
14' uu fjk;a n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ul wOHlaIjrfhla fyda fiajdkshqla;slhl= fkdjk njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY
lrñ'
fuu †jqreï m%ldYfha i|yka lreKq w∞< m˙† uqoaor w,jkak'
m%;s«lreg$†jqreïlreg lshjd f;areï lr ≥ka w;r
Tyq$weh tu lreKq i;H njg ms<sf.k iy;sl ud b†˙msg °
lr$†jqrd †k ° ud b†˙msg
° w;aika ;nk ,°' idu∞k úksYaphldr$†jqreï flduid˙ia
igyk 1 w∞< fkdjk jpk lmd y˙kak
l%sia;shdks iy lf;da,sl mqoa.,hka †jqrd m%ldY lr isáh hq;= w;r fn!oaO" yska≥" uqia,sï iy fjk;a wd.ï woyk mqoa.,hka iy;sl lrñka m%;s« †h hq;=h'

weuqKqu II

n,m;%,dNS iud.fï ku(

wOHlaI$m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od˙$idudkHdêld¯$tjeks m;aùula i`oyd f;dard .kakd ,o mqoa.,fhla úiska b†˙m;a
l< hq;= m%ldYh
^ †kg w∞< weuqKqï iys;j&
1' mqoa.,sl f;dr;=re
1'1' iïmQr®K ku(
1'2' cd;sl ye∫kqïm;a wxlh(
1'3' úfoaY .uka n,m;% wxlh(
1'4' Wmka †kh(
1'5' ia:ßr ,smskh(
1'6' jr®;udk ,smskh(
2' n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.fuys m;aùu
2'1' uKav,hg$jr®;udk ;k;=rg m;a jQ †kh(

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 103

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

2'2' ;k;=r(
2'3' foaYSh fyda úfoaYsl nj(
2'4' jdr®Isl fõ;kh ^úia;r iys;j&(
2'5' wOHlaIjrhd fyda m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯$idudkHdêld¯ iy$fyda Tyqf.a$ wehf.a mjqf,a idud‚lhska iud.fï
j;alï Ndú;fhka Wmhd.;a m%;s,dNj, jdr®Isl jákdlu(
^W∞( iud.fï N+ñh" f.dvke.s,s" jdyk wd†h&
2'6' by; 2'5 i|yka j;alï kv;a;=j i|yd fyda úhoï m%;smQrKh ^Kh ldâ ì,am;a" Wmfhda.s;d ì,am;a hkd†h& i|yd
iud.u úiska ±rE úhoï'
2'7' tu j;alï ñ,° .;a w.h iy fmd;a w.h yd ksYap, j;alï msysgd we;s ia:dkh
3' «;Skaf.a mqoa.,sl f;dr;=re
3'1' l,;%hdf.a iïmQr®K ku(
3'2' cd;sl ye∫kqïm;a wxlh(
3'3' úfoaY .uka n,m;% wxlh(
3'4' hefmk orejkaf.a úia;r(
iïmQr®K ku cd'ye'wxlh .uka n,m;% wxlh
3'4'1
3'4'2
3'4'3

4' miqìu iy w;a±lSï

Tyq$weh wOHlaI jYfhka fyda m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯$idudkHdêld¯ jYfhka fiajh l< wdh;kj, kï(
wdh;kfha ku fiajd ld,h ;k;=r

5' n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ïj, iy ta wdY%s; iud.ïj, fldgia ysñlu

n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ï" tajdfha md,s; iud.ï iy wdY%s; iud.ïj, ±kg ork fldgia ysñld˙;ajhla we;akï ta
ms<sn| úia;r(
wdh;kfha ku fldgia .Kk ysñld˙;ajh m%;sY;hla f,i

6' jHdmd˙l .kqfokq

wh≥ïlrk iud.u" tys md,s; iud.ï fyda wdY%s; iud.ï ^we;akï& iy wfkl=;a uQ,H iud.ï iu. wOHlaI fyda m%Odk
úOdhl ks,Od¯$idudkHdêld¯ fyda tjeks m;aùula i|yd f;dard .kq ,enQ mqoa.,fhl= úiska ±kg mj;ajdf.k hk l=uk
wdldrfha fyda jHdmd˙l .kqfokq fõ kï ta ms<sn| úia;r(
wdh;kfha .kqfokqfõ †kg jákdlu †k$udi$wjq iq/l=ï
ku iajNdjh ^remsh,a ñ,shk& Kh
jr®.SlrKh ^l%ñl$wl%ñl&
iSudj msgysá fYaIh jr®.h jákdlu ^remsh,a ñ,shk&

7' by; ±la jQ f;dr;=re jvd;a meye†,s ùug w∞< fjk;a úia;r$f;dr;=re iy wh≥ïlrk iud.ul wOHlaIjrhdf.a fyda
m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od˙hdf.a fyda idudkHdêld˙f.a fyda tjeks ;k;=rla i|yd f;a¯ m;ajk mqoa.,fhl=f.a fhda.H;djh
;lafiare ls¯u i|yd w∞< fõ hehs yef`.k fjk;a f;dr;=re'

III fldgi - 104 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

m%ldYh
by; ud úiska imhd we;s f;dr;=re udf.a ±kqfï yd úYajdih m˙† i;H njg;a iïmQr®K njg;a ;yjqre lrñ' by; imhk
,o f;dr;=rej,g w∞<j" lsishï fjkila jQ jydu" ishÆ f;dr;=re n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ug iy Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ
laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI ksis m˙† ±kqj;a lrk njg uu fmdfrdka≥ fjñ'
by; ;k;=r ±¯u i|yd lsishï kS;shlska ud yg iSudjka mkjd fkdue;s nj;a fuhska m%ldY lr isáñ'
†kh(
wOHlaI$m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯$idudkHdêld¯
fyda tjeks m;aùula i|yd f;dard .kakd ,o
mqoa.,fhl=f.a w;aik

wOHlaI uKav,fha iNdm;s úiska iïmQr®K ls¯u i|yd

by; imhk ,o f;dr;=re yd nef|k fjk;a meye†,s ls¯ï$f;dr;=re iy wOHlaI fyda m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯ fyda idudkHdêld¯
fyda tjeks ;k;=rla i|yd f;dard .kakd ,o mqoa.,fhl=f.a fyda fhda.H;djh ;lafiare ls¯u i|yd w∞< fõ hehs yef`.k
fjk;a f;dr;=re'
†kh(
wOHlaI uKav,fha iNdm;sf.a w;aik

laIqøuQ,H mkf;a úOdk" 2016 wxl 07 2016 Tlaf;danr® 27

Kh myiqlï i|yd jk kshduk rduqj
2016 wxl 6 ork laIqøuQ,H mkf;a 11 j.ka;sh m%ldrj ksl=;a lrk ,°'

1' .kqfokqlrefjl=g 1'1' 3 jk úOdkhg hg;aj wdikak;u ú.◊; uQ,H jdr®;djka wkqj tys uQ,sl m%d.aOkh mokïj
†h yels Wm˙u Kh 1'2 ys olajd we;s úOdkhkays mkjd we;s iSudjka blaujd my; i|yka .kqfokqlrejka i|yd
myiqlï n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ula úiska myiqlï ie,iSu is≥ fkdl< hq;=h'
w' lsishï ;ks iud.ulg" fmd≥ ixia:djlg" wdh;khlg" mqoa.,hkaf.ka ie≥ï,;a
iud.ulg fyda wdh;khlg" ^m%cd uQ,sl ixúOdk yer& fyda
wd' iuia:hla jYfhka ^m%cd uQ,sl ixúOdk yer&(-
i& ;ks mqoa.,fhl=g" Tyqf.a ióm «;Skag fyda Tyq iu`. ie,lsh hq;= we,aula we;s
iud.ulg fyda wdh;khlg
ii& iud.ula yd my; tajdhska tlla fyda lsysmhla(-
w& tys md,s; iud.ï·
wd& tys uõ iud.u·
we& tys wdY%s; iud.u·
wE& tys taldnoaO iud.ï·
b& tys uõ iud.fuys md,s; iud.ul· fyda
B& tu iud.fï ie,lsh hq;= we,aula we;s iud.ula fyda tys md,s; iud.ula fyda
uõ iud.ula fyda uõ iud.fuys md,s; iud.ula fyda
we' m%cd uQ,sl ixúOdhkhlg
1'2' uÜgu uQ,sl 1'1 ^w& 1'1 ^wd& 1'1 ^we&
m%d.aOkh remsh,a ñ,shk úOdkfha i|yka m˙† úOdkfha i|yka m˙† úOdkfha i|yka m˙†
.kqfokq lrefjl=g w∞< .kqfokq lrefjl=g w∞< .kqfokq lrefjl=g w∞<
jk Wm˙u Kh myiqlï jk Wm˙u Kh myiqlï jk Wm˙u Kh myiqlï
⁄' 100 jvd jeä 200 g wvq 500"000 600"000 1"000"000

⁄⁄' 200 g jvd jeä 300 g wvq 600"000 750"000 1"500"000

⁄⁄⁄' 300 g jeä 750"000 1"000"000 2"000"000

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 105

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

2' iuia: iSudj 2'1' remsh,a ñ,shk 300 g jvd wvq uQ,sl m%d.aOkhla ysñ n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ï i|yd·
fok ,o ´kEu †khl ° by; 1 úOdkfha i|yka ljr wdldrfha .kqfokqlrefjl=g fyda remsh,a
,laI ;=k ^re'300"000& blaujd ,nd ° we;s Kh myiqlïys uq`M msgysá w.h" jydu t<fUk
udifha w. jk úg n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.u úiska Y%S ,xld rchg yer tys wfkl=;a ishÆu
.kqfokqlrejkag imhd we;s uq`M msgysá myiqlï m%udKfhka 40]fkdblauúh hq;=h'

remsh,a ñ,shk 300 g jvd jeä uQ,sl m%d.aOkhla ysñ n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ï i|yd·
fok ,o ´kEu †khl° by; 1 úOdkfha i|yka ljr wdldrfha .kqfokqlrefjl=g fyda remsh,a
,laI my ^re'500"000& blaujd ,nd ° we;s Kh myiqlïys uq`M msgysá w.h" jydu t<fUk
udifha w. jk úg n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.u úiska Y%S ,xld rchg yer tys wfkl=;a ishÆu
.kqfokqlrejkag imhd we;s uq`M msgysá myiqlï m%udKfhka 40] fkdblauúh hq;=h'
3' Wm˙u iSudjkaf.ka 3'1 úOdk wxl 1 hgf;a Wm˙u Kh myiqlï m%udKh .Kkh ls¯fï° uqo,a" r;arka" rcfha iq/l=ïm;a"
ksoyia ls¯ï uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a" NdKavd.dr wemlr" uy nexl= wemlrhkag ydksmQrl jYfhka iemhQ Kh
myiqlï wvq l< yelsh'
4' iïnkaê; mdr®Yj 4'1 lsis≥ n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ula úiska tu iud.fï my; i|yka mqoa.,hskag Kh myiqlï
i|yd myiqlï ie,iSu fkdl< hq;=h'
w& ´kEu wOHlaIjrfhla
wd& uõ iud.fï ´kEu wOHlaIjrfhla
we& m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯$idudkHdêld¯
wE& by; ^w&" ^wd&" ^we& ys i|yka mqoa.,hkaf.a ióm «;Ska
b& Pkao whs;sh 10]fyda Bg jeäfhka we;s fldgia ysñhka
5' Kh ksrdjrK 5'1 iEu n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ulau kej; fkdf.ùfï jr®.SlrKh mokïj Kh wj∞kï
jr®.SlrKh fY%a◊.; moaO;shla fyda jr®.SlrKhla ilid .; hq;=h'
tkï n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.u úiska ,nd ° we;s kshñ; m˙† Kh fkdf.jk wjodku
wkqnoaO Kh myiqlï ksis m˙† ms<sìUq úh hq;=h' .kqfokqlrejkaf.a ydkslrKh jQ myiqlï
jr®.SlrKh i|yd jk wju udr®f.damfoaYh weuqKqu 1 j.=j 1 ys ±lafõ'

5'2 n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ï úOdkh 5'1 g wkqj Kh myiqlï jr®.SlrKhg w∞<j fjka ls¯ula
.Kkh l< hq;af;a" msgysá fYaIfhka Wm,íê lr ,nd.;a iq/l=ï w.h iy Kh myiqlug
fmd<sh yr lr we;akï tu wjia:dfõ ° w;aysgjQ fmd<sh wvq ls¯fuks'
wl%ñl Kh myiqlï
wju úfYaIs; fjkals¯fï wjYH;djh
jr®.SlrKh
wjm%udK 25]
wvudk 50]
fnd,a 100]

6' kshduk 6'1 iEu n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ulau weuqKqu 1 j.=j 2 iy 3 ys ±lafjk wdlD;s wkql+,j
jdr®;dlrKh ff;%udisl jdr®;djla ldr®;=j wjidk ù †k 15 la we;=<; laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK
fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI fj; b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
7' úOdkj,g wkql+, 7'1 n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ula úOdk wxl 1 W,a,x>kh lrk njg uqo,a uKav,h ;SrKh lrhs
ùu ;yjqre ls¯fï kï" iy ;SrKh n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ug okajd we;akï" tu W,a,x>Kh ksjer† ls¯u iy
mshjr tu ksjer† ls¯u laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI úiska ;yjqre lrk f;la
tu n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ug ,dNdxY f.ùu fyda ,dN bj;a lr .ekSu is≥ l< fkdyel'
8' wr®:ksrEmkh 8'1 m%cd uQ,sl ixúOdkhla ,shdm†xÑ kS;suh tallhla úh hq;= w;r mk;la u.ska
jHjia:dj,sfha$ixia:dm;%fha fyda kS;sfhka Kh ,nd .ekSug yels úh hq;=h' m%cd uQ,sl
ixúOdkhla jYfhka ie,lSug kï my; i|yka fldkafoais imqrd,sh hq;= fõ'
i' n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.u;a" m%cd uQ,sl ixúOdkh;a" m%cd uQ,sl ixúOdkh l%shd;aul jk
wdh;kh;a iu`. Kh wdmiq f.ùu iïnkaOfhka ff;%hs-mdr®Yúl wjfndaO;d .súiqula ;sìh
hq;=h'
ii' n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.fuka Kh ,nd .ekSu iïnkaOfhka wOHlaIl uKav,
fhdackdjla m%cd uQ,sl ixúOdkh i;=j mej;sh hq;=h'
iii' m%cd uQ,sl ixúOdkhg Kh ,nd °fï° nexl= m%ldYk iy ú.◊; uQ,H jdr®;d iy hymd,kh
hk tajd i,ld nef,a'
iv' mqoa.,hskaf.a Kh kej; f.ùfï yelshdj n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.u iy m%cd uQ,sl
ixúOdkh u.ska fjkfjku ;lafiare flfr®'

III fldgi - 106 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

8'2 ;ks mqoa.,fhl=g iïnkaO ióm «;s;ajh hkqfjka woyia jkafka tu mqoa.,hdf.a l,;%hd fyda
hefmk orejka fõ' hefmk orefjl= hkakg 2011 wxl 42 ork uqo,a jHdmdr mkf;a i|yka jk
wr®:ksrEmkh f.kfoa'
8'3 ie,lsh hq;= ne£ula hkqfjka fjk;a iud.ulska fyda ;ks mqoa., jYfhka fyda Tyqf.a ióm
«;Ska ;ksj fyda tl;=j .;a úg we;s m%;s,dN i|yd we;s whs;sh ish wdh;kfha m%ldYs;
m%d.aOkfhka ishhg oyh ^10]& blauùu' wdh;khla jYfhka .;a úg m%;s,dN i|yd we;s whs;sh
w∞< jkafka tu wdh;kfha ;ks mqoa.,fhla fyda Tyqf.a ióm «;Skag fõ'
8'4 §uõ¶" §md,s;¶ " §wdY%s;¶ " iy §taldnoaO¶ hkak Y%S ,xld .KldêlrK m%ñ;sj,g wkqj fõ'
8'5 Kh myiqlï hkq" my; i|yka jk m˙† Kh ksrdjrKhka iy wdfhdack ksrdjrKhka woyia
fõ'
w& Kh ksrdjrKhka hkakg fYaI m;%h u; Kh myiqlï iy fYaI m;%fhka msg; Kh
myiqlï we;=<;a fõ'
i& fYaI m;%h u; msysá Kh ksrdjrK hkqfjka woyia jkafka" ld,Sk Kh" nkaê;
Kh" wdjr®; Kh" l=,S msg .ekqï" l,an≥ myiqlï" Wlia Kh w;a;sldrï iy Kh
iq/l=ïj,g t†˙ jk m%;sñ,° .ekqï .súiqï iy ta yd w∞< jk wfkl=;a whs;u'
ii& fYaI m;%fhka msg; Kh ksrdjrK hkqfjka woyia jkafka" wemlr iy ne∫ïlr
we;=<;a wúksYaÑ; j.lSula Ndr .ekSug tl`.;ajhla we;=<;a fjk;a ´kEu myiqlula
fõ'
wd& rdcH iq/l=ï ys wdfhdack yer ishÆu uQ,Huh wdfhdack" wdfhdack ksrdjrK fõ'
8'6 Kh myiqlï m%udKh hkq my; i|yka m˙† fYaI m;%h u; Kh myiqlï iy fYaI m;%fhka msg;
Kh myiqlïj, tl;=j fõ(
w& fYaI m;%h u; Kh myiqlï m%udKh( fok ,o ´kEu wjia:djl mj;akd Kh myiqlï
iSudfõ tl;=j fyda ishÆu Kh myiqlïj, msgysá m%udKfha tl;=j hk foflka by<
w.h fYaI m;%h u; Kh myiqlï hkqfjka woyia fõ' uqÆukskau ,nd .kakd ld,Sk Kh
iïnkaOfhka jk úg Kh myiqlï m%udKh f,i msgysá Kh myiqlï m%udKh ie,ls,a,g
.; hq;=h'
wd& fYaI m;%fhka msg; Kh myiqlï m%udKh( fok ,o ´kEu wjia:djl mj;akd Kh myiqlï
iSudjkaf.a tl;=j fyda Kh myiqlïj, msgysá m%udKh hk foflka by< w.h fYaI
m;%fhka neyer Kh myiqlï m%udKh hkqfjka woyia fõ'
8'7 msgysá Kh myiqlï m%udKh hkq uQ,H m%ldYkj, fYaI m;%h u; iy fYaI m;%fhka msg; Kh
myiqlïys b†˙hg f.k hk jákdluhs'
bkaø‚;a l=udriajdñ
uqo,a uKav,fha iNdm;s
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wêm;s

weuqKqu 1
j.=j 1
wj∞kï jr®.SlrKh i|yd jk ksr®Kdhl - ydkslrKh jQ Kh ksrdjrKhka jr®.SlrKh

jr®.SlrKh úfYaIfhka i|yka wjm%udK wvudk fnd,a

lrk ,o
Kh ksrdjrK jr®.h

ffoksl$i;sm;d$foi;shlg jrla f.úh hq;= uqo," f.úh hq;= uqo," f.úh hq;= uqo," f.úh hq;= uqo,
hk moku u; f.jkq ,nk Kh f.úh hq;= †kfha isg f.úh hq;= †kfha isg f.úh hq;= †kfha isg f.úh hq;= †kfha isg
ksrdjrK fõ' tkï" uilg jvd wvq †k 30 fyda Bg jvd †k 60 fyda Bg jvd †k 90 fyda Bg jvd †k 120 fyda Bg jvd
´kEu Kh wdmiq f.ùuls' jeä ld,hla fkdf. jeä ld,hla fkdf. jeä ld,hla jeä
jQ kuq;a" †k 60 g wvq jQ kuq;a" †k 90 g wvq fkdf.jQ kuq;a" †k
120 g wvq

udisl jYfhka f.jd ksu l< Kh
ksrdjrK tkï" fmd,sh fyda
m%d.aOkh udisl jd˙l f,i f.jkq
,nk
f.úh hq;= yd f.úh hq;= yd f.úh hq;= yd fkdf. f.úh hq;= yd
fkdf.jQ uq,a uqo, fkdf.jQ uq,a uqo, jQ uq,a uqo, iy$fyda fkdf.jQ uq,a uqo,
iy$fyda fmd,sh iy$fyda fmd<sh fmd<sh jd˙l 12 la iy$fyda fmd<sh
jd˙l 3 la fyda Bg jd˙l 6 la fyda Bg fyda Bg jeä kuq;a" jd˙l 18 la fyda Bg
jeä kuq;a" jd˙l 6 jeä kuq;a" jd˙l 12 jd˙l 18 g wvq jeä
g wvq g wvq

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 107

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

ldr®;=uh fyda wr®O jdr®Isl fyda f.úh hq;= †k isg f.úh hq;= †k isg f.úh hq;= †k isg f.ùï meyer ye˙ †k
jdr®Isl jd˙l jYfhka f.jkq ,nk f.ùï meyer ye˙ †k f.ùï meyer ye˙ f.ùï fkdl< †k .Kk †k 180 la fyda
Kh ksrdjrK .Kk 30 g jeä 60 †k .Kk 60 fyda Bg .Kk 120 fyda Bg Bg jeä
g wvq jeä kuq;a" †k 120 jeä kuq;a" †k 180
g wvq g wvq

ksYaÑ; ld,iSudjla wjidkfha ° f.úh hq;= †k isg f.úh hq;= †k isg f.úh hq;= †k isg f.ùï meyer ye˙ †k
fyda kshñ; †kl ° tla jd˙lhlska f.ùï meyer ye˙ †k f.ùï meyer ye˙ f.ùï fkdl< †k .Kk †k 180 la fyda
f.jkq ,nk Kh ksrdjrK .Kk 30 g jeä 60 †k .Kk 60 fyda Bg .Kk 120 fyda Bg Bg jeä
g wvq jeä kuq;a" †k 120 jeä kuq;a" †k 180
g wvq g wvq
j.=j 2
^ †kg jeäu jákdlulska hq;= Kh myiqlï ,;a 20 fokd&
^remsh,a j,ska&
md˙fNda.slhd$ Kh wxlh myiqlï jr®.h Kh iSudj msgysá m%udKh iq/l=ï jr®.h igyka
iuQyhf.a ku

j.=j 3
†kg fjk;a f;dr;=re1
^remsh,a j,ska&
wxlh úia;rh fYaI m;%h u; fYaI m;%fhka msg; uq`M tl;=j

w& Kh ,nd.;a md˙fNda.slhkaf.a uq`M .Kk

wd& Kh myiqlïj, uq`M msgysá jákdlu
we& remsh,a ,laI ;=k ^re'300"000$-& blaujk uq`M md˙fNda.slhska$
lKavdhï .Kk
wE& remsh,a ,laI ;=k ^re'300"000$-& blaujk uq`M md˙fNda.slhska$
lKavdhïj, b†˙hg f.fkk jákdlu
b& ^wE&" ^wd& ys m%;sY;hla f,i
1
ys`.j ;sfnk m%udKh mokï lr .ksñka

laIqøuQ,H mkf;a úOdk" 2016 wxl 08 2016 Tlaf;danr® 27

f;dr;=re iemhSfï wjYH;djh
2016 wxl 6 ork laIqøuQ,H mkf;a 11 j.ka;sh m%ldrj ksl=;a lrk ,°'

1' f;dr;=re b†˙m;a ls˙fï 1'1' imhd we;s wdlD;s wkqj iEu n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ulau wOHlaI$laIqøuQ,H wdh;k
wjYH;djh wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j fj; f;dr;=re fhduq l< hq;=h'
1 jk Wmf,aLkh ( jdr®;d ls¯fï wjYH;djh i|yd ld, rduqj
jdr®;dj kshñ; ld,h kshñ; †kh
⁄' uQ,H ;;aj m%ldYkh udisl B<`. udifha 15 jk †k jk úg
⁄⁄' úia;SrK wd∞hï m%ldYh udisl B<`. udifha 15 jk †k jk úg
⁄⁄⁄' uQ,H ;;a;aj m%ldYkh jdr®Isl laIqøuQ,H mk;ska kshu lr we;s m˙†
⁄¤' úia;SrK wd∞hï m%ldYh jdr®Isl laIqøuQ,H mk;ska kshu lr we;s m˙†

bkaø‚;a l=udriajdñ
uqo,a uKav,fha iNdm;s
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wêm;s

III fldgi - 108 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

laIqøuQ,H mkf;a ¯;s" 2016 wxl 01 2016 Tlaf;danr® 27

n,m;%h i|yd jk ks¾Kdhl
2016 wxl 6 ork laIqøuQ,H mkf;a 13^2& j.ka;sh m%ldrj ksl=;a lrk ,°'
1' fhda.H;djh 1'1' mk; hgf;a n,m;%hla i|yd b,aÆï ls¯ug iq≥iqlï ,eîug kï" wh≥ïlre 2007 wxl 07
ork iud.ï mk; hgf;a ,shdm†xÑ iud.ula úh hq;= w;r" tu iud.u wemfhka iSñ;
iud.ula" fm!oa.,sl iud.ula" wlafjr< iud.ula fyda úfoaYSh iud.ula fkdúh hq;=h'
1'2' miq.sh wjqre≥ ;=kg w∞<j ú.Kkh lrk ,o uQ,H m%ldYk iy laIqøuQ,H lghq;= yd
iïnkaO l%shdldrlï we;=<;a jdr®;djla iEu wh≥ïlrk iud.ula úiska u b†˙m;a l<
hq;=h'
2' wju uQ,sl m%d.aOkh 2'1' iEu wh≥ïlrk iud.ulau 2016 wxl 01 ork uQ,sl m%d.aOk úOdkhkays olajd we;s m˙†
remsh,a ñ,shk 100 l ^re'100"000"000$-& wju uQ,sl m%d.aOkhla fyda uqo,a uKav,h úiska
;SrKh lrkq ,eìh yels Bg jvd jeä jákdlulska hq;a wju uQ,sl m%d.aOkhla mj;ajd
.; hq;=h'
3' uKav,fha ixhq;sh 3'1' uKa v,fha wOHlaIjre ixLHdj ;sfofkl=g ^03& jvd fkdwvq úh hq;= w;r" kjfofkl=g
^09& jvd jeä fkdúh hq;=h'
3'2' uKav,h" úOdhl wOHlaIjre" iajdëk úOdhl fkdjk wOHlaIjre iy iajdëk fkdjk
yd úOdhl fkdjk wOHlaIjre hk whf.ka iukaú; úh yelsh'
3'3' úOdhl wOHlaIjre ixLHdj wOHlaI uKav,fhka ;=fkka tllg jvd fkdjeä úh hq;=h'
^úOdhl wOHlaIjrhd hkqfjka woyia flfrkafka wOHlaIjrfhl= jYfhka m;a l<"
f;dard.;a fyda kï lrk ,o iud.fï fiajd kshqla;slfhl= fõ'&
3'4' wOHlaI uKav,h wju jYfhka iajdëk úOdhl fkdjk wOHlaIjrfhl=f.ka fyda uq`M
wOHlaI uKav,fhka ;=fkka tlla hk w.hka foflka by< w.hla .kakd ixLHdjlska
iajdëk úOdhl fkdjk wOHlaIjrekaf.ka iukaú; úh hq;=h'
úOdhl fkdjk wOHlaIjrfhl= iajdëk jYfhka fkdi,lkafka" Tyq fyda weh"
^w& i;=j iud.fï fldgia ishhg mylg jvd iDcq iy$fyda jl% f,i mj;skafka kï·
^wd& wOHlaIjrfhla jYfhka m;aùug fmr <`.u jr®I fol ^02& ;=< iud.fï fiajlfhl=
f,i lghq;= lr we;akï·
^we& iud.fï hï wOHlaIjrfhl=g" m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od˙hdg fyda iud.fï úfYaIs;
fldgia ysñfhl=g ióm «;S;ajhla we;akï·
fï i|yd ióm «;S;ajh hkqfjka woyia jkafka" l,;%hd fyda hefmk orefjl= fõ'
^wE& iud.fï hï úfYaIs; fldgia ysñfhl= ksfhdackh lrkafka kï'
4' wh≥ïm;%h b†˙m;a ls¯u 4'1' weuqKqu 1 ys ±lafjk §DSMI/LMFC/A¶ fmdarufha wdldrhg n,m;%h i|yd jk ishÆu
wh≥ïm;% b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
5' we.hSï .dia;=j 5'1' iEu wh≥ïlrk iud.ulau wh≥ïm;%h Y%S ,xld uy nexl=jg b†˙m;a ls¯fï ° remsh,a
mkia oyil ^re'50"000& kej; fkdf.jk we.hSï .dia;=jla f.úh hq;=h'
6' wr®: ksrEmkh 6'1' hefmk orefjl= hkakg 2011 wxl 42 ork uqo,a jHdmdr mkf;a i|yka jk wr®: ksrEmkh
f.k foa'
bkaø‚;a l=udriajdñ
uqo,a uKav,fha iNdm;s
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wêm;s

weuqKqu 1
fmdaruh DSMI/LMFC/A
ryis.;hs
2016 wxl 6 ork laIqøuQ,H mk; hgf;a n,m;%hla i|yd whÿïm;%h
Wmfoia
1& ishÆu wh≥ïm;a h;=re,shkh lr fyda b;d meye†<s wl=˙ka ,shd ;sìh hq;=h'
2& wh≥ïm;%fha w∞< f;dr;=re ms<sn| iïmQr®K úia;r iemhSug ,nd ° we;s bv m%udKj;a fkdjkafka kï" lreKdlr wjYH
wjia:dj, ° wu;r lv∞is mdúÉÑ lrkak' tjeks iEu wu;r lv∞ishlu w∞< wh≥ïmf;a yria fhduqj ±laúh hq;=h'
hï f;dr;=rla w∞< fkdjkafka kï ta nj meye†<sju i|yka l< hq;=h'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 109

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

3& iïmQr®K lrk ,o wh≥ïm;%fha weuqKqï o we;=<;aj iEu msgqjlau wvqu jYfhka wOHlaIjreka fofofkl= úiska fláika
;eìh hq;=h'
4& 1 jk Wmf,aLkfha i|yka lr we;s ishÆu f,aLk wh≥ïm; iu`. b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
5& wh≥ïlrk iud.fï wOHlaI uKav,fha ishÆ idud‚lhskaf.a w;aika iys; iïmQr®K lrk ,o wh≥ïm;" wksl=;a f,aLk
o iu`. my; i|yka ,smskhg b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
wOHlaI
laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
fkd' 30" ckdêm;s udj;
fld<U 01

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a uKav,h fj;

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
fld<U 01'

msysá
^,smskh&

^ku&
2016 wxl 6 ork laIqøuQ,H mkf;a úêúOdkhkag wkql+,j n,m;%hla ,nd .ekSu i|yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ uqo,a uKav,h
fj; fuhska wh≥ï lrkq ,efí' wh≥ïm; ikd: ls¯u i|yd my; f;dr;=re yd f,aLk b†˙m;a lrkq ,efí'
1' iud.fï idudkH f;dr;=re
1'1' iud.ula jYfhka ixia:dms; l< †kh(
1'2' jHdmdr lghq;= wdrïN l< †kh(
1'3' my; i|yka ia:dkhkays ,smskhka(
1'3'1' ,shdm†xÑ l< ldr®hd,h(
1'3'2' m%Odk$m˙md,k ldr®hd,h(
1'3'3' YdLd ldr®hd,h^ka&(
msysàu †ia;%slalh m<d; iïnkaO lr .; yels f;dr;=re

1'4' iud.fï uq,H jr®Ih(

1'5' m%Odk jHdmdr lghq;= ms<sn| úia;r(
1'6' wh≥ï lrk †kg iud.fï fldgia ysñ jHqyh(
1'6'1' uq`M fldgia .Kk(
1'6'2' fldgia ysñlrejkaf.a ixLHdj(
1'6'3' m%Odk fldgia ysñlrejka 10 fokdf.a kïw$(
fldgia ysñlrejdf.a ku fldgia ixLHdj ksl=;= fldgia m%d.aOkhg
m%;sY;hla f,i
1'
2'
3'
4'
5'
6'
7'
8'
9'
10'

w$ 1 jk Wmf,aLkfhys 4 jk whs;uh Wmfhda.S lr .kak'

III fldgi - 110 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

1'7' ^w& wOHlaI uKav,h

wOHlaIjrhdf.a
m†xÑ Wmka †kh cd'ye'm' úfoaY .uka wOHlaIjrfhl= iq≥iqlï /lshdjw$ iïnkaO
iïmQr®K ku,smskh †k$udi$wjq wxlh n,m;% wxlh f,i lr.; yels
m;al< †kh f;dr;=re
^lreKdlr m<uqj
†k$udi$wjq
iNdm;sf.a ku
i|yka lrkak&
1'
2'
3'
4'
5'
6'
7'
8'
9'
w$wfkl=;a wdh;khkays ork ;k;=re

1'7 ^wd& m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯$idudkHdêld¯

m%Odk úOdhl m†xÑ Wmka †kh cd'ye'm' úfoaY m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯$ iq≥iqlï /lshdjw$ iïnkaO
ks,Od˙hdf.a$ ,smskh †k$udi$wjq wxlh .uka idudkHdêld¯ lr.; yels
idudkHdêld˙f.a n,m;% f,i m;al< †kh f;dr;=re
iïmQr®K ku wxlh †k$udi$wjq
1'
2'
w$wfkl=;a wdh;khkays ork ;k;=re

1'8' iud.fï f,alïf.a ku" ,smskh iy iïnkaO lr.; yels f;dr;=re(

1'9' iud.fï nexl=lrejkaf.a kï iy ,smskhka(
nexl=fõ ku YdLdj ,smskh

1'10' ú.Kljre ^ndysr&

1'10'1 ndysr ú.Klf.a ku" ,smskh iy iïnkaO lr .; yels f;dr;=re(
1'10'2 l=uk uQ,H jr®Ifha isg iud.fï ú.Kk lghq;= by; lS ú.Kl úiska is≥ lrkq ,nkafka o@
1'10'3 ú.Kk wdh;kfha yjq,alrejka$wOHlaIjreka iud.fï fldgia ysñhka fõ o@ ^Tõ kï lreKdlr
úia;r imhkak&'
1'10'4 miq.sh uQ,H jr®I ;=k i|yd f.jk ,o ú.Kk .dia;=(
1'10'5 ú.Kk wdh;khg fyda ú.Kk wdh;kfha yjq,alrejl=g$wOHlaIjrfhl=g l=uk fyda wdldrfha uQ,H
myiqlula ,nd ° we;a o@ ^Tõ kï lreKdlr úia;r imhkak&'
1'11' ú.Kljre ^wNHka;r&
1'11'1 iud.u i;=j wNHka;r ú.Kljrfhl= fyda wNHka;r ú.Kk wxYhla mj;S o hkak i|yka lrkak'
tfia mj;S kï" my; úia;r imhkak'
^w& wNHka;r ú.Klf.a ku(
^wd& iq≥iqlï iy m<mqreoao(
^we& wNHka;r ú.Kk lghq;= lrk iïmQr®K ldr®h uKav,h iy Tjqkaf.a iq≥iqlï(

ku iq≥iqlï fiajfha fh° isák jr®I .Kk

1'
2'
3'
1'11'2 wNHka ; r ú.Kk lghq;= ndysr wdh;khla yryd is≥ lrkq ,nkafka kï· my; f;dr;=re i|yka
lrkak'
^w& wNHka;r ú.Kl iud.fï ku(
^wd& ,smskh iy iïnkaO lr .; yels f;dr;=re(

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2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

^we& iq≥iqlï yd m<mqreoao(

^wE& iud.fï ú.Kk lghq;= is≥ lr we;s jir .Kk(
1'11'3 wNHka;r ú.Kl jdr®;d l< hq;= wêldrh(
2' iud.fï uQ,sl m%d.aOkhw$
miq.sh uQ,H jr®I ;=kg ^3& w∞<j iy wh≥ïm;%h ilia lrk udihg fmr udifha wjidk †kg w∞<j·
^re' Z000&
whs;uh 20''' 20''' 20''' '''''''' †kg
^w& ksl=;= iy iïmQr®Kfhka f.jd ksñ fldgia ^uqo,g&
^wd& ksl=;= iy iïmQr®Kfhka f.jd ksñ iuqÉÑ; fkdjk ksoyia l< fkdyels
fldgia ^uqo,g&
^we& jHjia:dms; ixÑ;
^wE& fmd≥ ixÑ;
^b& miq.sh ú.Kk jdr®;djg wkqj r|jd .;a ,dNh fyda ^w,dNh&
^B& mj;sk jifr® m%ldYhg m;a fkdl< ,dNh fyda ^w,dNh&
^t& uQ,sl m%d.aOkh ^w& isg ^B& olajd
w$ 1 jk Wmf,aLkfha whs;u wxl 6 Wmfhda.S lr .kak'

3' ksYap, foam<j, úia;r ^bvï yd f.dvke.s,s&w$

m%;Hd.Kkh ^we;akï&
ksYap, foam< jr®.h msysàu ms˙jeh
†kh jákdlu ^re'&

w$ 1 jk Wmf,aLkfha whs;u wxl 7 Wmfhda.S lr .kak'

4' iïnkaê; mdr®Yj ksrdjrKh ^re' Z000&

iud.fï$;kss iïnkaO;djfha jHdmdrfha fldgiays wdfhdack2 Kh iy w;a;sldrï3 iq/l=ï4 fjk;a ksrdjrK5
mqoa.,hkaf.a iajNdjh1 iajNdjh jákdlu fldgia fYaIm;%h fYaIm;%fhka 6
jákdlu jr®.h fYaIm;%h fYaIm;%fhka .kqfokqj,
kï ysñld˙;aj u; msg; u; msg; iajNdjh
m%;sY;h ^]& i|yka
lrkak
iud.ï

;ks mqoa.,

1
H - md,l iud.u S - md,s; ^Rcq fyda jl% whs;sh& A - wdY%s; ^iDcq fyda jl% whs;sh& OI - fjk;a wdfhda‚; wdh;k D -
iud.fï wOHlaIjre DH - md,l iud.fï wOHlaIjre DS - md,s; iud.fï wOHlaIjre DA - wdY%s; iud.fï wOHlaIjre
DOI - fjk;a wdfhda‚; wdh;khkays wOHlaIjre SDC - iud.fï wOHlaIjrekaf.a l,;%hd iy hefmk orejka SDCO
- iïnkaê; iud.ïys wOHlaIjrekaf.a l,;%hd iy hefmk orejka KMP - m%Odk l<ukdlrK ldr®h uKav,fha
ks,Od¯ka KMPO - iud.fï m%Odk l<ukdlrK ldr®h uKav,fha ks,Od¯kaf.a l,;%hd iy hefmk orejka
JD - fjk;a wdh;khkays wOHlaIjre jk iud.fï wOHlaIjre ^fmd≥ wOHlaI mokï lrf.k&
2
fldgia ysñld˙;ajh ksl=;= uq`M fldgia m%d.aOkhg m%;sY;hla f,i
3
wh≥ïlrk iud.u úiska iïnkaê; iud.ï$mqoa.,hska fj; imhd we;s Kh iy w;a;sldrï
4
wh≥ïlrk iud.u úiska iïnkaê; iud.ï$mqoa.,hska fj; imhd we;s Kh iy w;a;sldrï i|yd ,nd f.k we;s iq/l=ï
5
Kh iy w;a;sldrï iy fldgia wdfhdack yer wfkl=;a ksrdjrK' W∞' wka;r® iud.ï .kqfokq
6
IPF - ksYap, foam< ^ksr®ndO moku& IPL - ksYap, foam< ^l,an≥ moku& C - uqo,a GS - rcfha iq/l=ïm;a S - iud.fï fldgia
SO - iïnkaê; iud.ïj, fldgia
O - wfkl=;a iq/l=ï
igyk - iud.fï m%Odk l<ukdlrK ldr®huKav,fha ks,Od¯ka hkafkka iDcqj fyda jl%j laIqøuQ,H iud.fï lghq;=
ie,iqï ls¯u" ta i|yd úOdk ls¯u yd md,kh ls¯u i|yd n,h iy j.lSu orkq ,nk hï ;eke;af;l= woyia fõ'

III fldgi - 112 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

5' úYd, ksrdjrK

^b,aÆïlrk iud.fï uQ,sl m%d.aOkfhka ishhg myla ^5]& blaujk fyda úYd,;u ksrdjrK oyh&
iud.fï$;kss iïnkaO;djfha Kh jr®.h7 jr®.SlrKh8 Kh iy w;a;sldrï iq/l=ï
mqoa.,hkaf.a iajNdjh1
m%∞kh l< msgysá fYaIh jákdlu jr®.h
ku
jákdlu ^re'Z000& ^re'Z000&
^re'Z000&

H - md,l iud.u S - md,s; ^Rcq fyda jl% md,s; whs;sh& A - wdY%s; ^iDcq fyda jl% wdY%s; whs;sh& OI - fjk;a wdfhdack tall
1

D - iud.fï wOHlaIjre DH - md,l iud.fï wOHlaIjre DS - md,s; iud.fï wOHlaIjre DA - wdY%s; iud.fï wOHlaIjre
DOI - fjk;a wdfhdack tallhkays wOHlaIjre SDC - iud.fï wOHlaIjrekaf.a l,;%hd iy hefmk orejka SDCO -
iïnkaê; iud.ïys wOHlaIjrekaf.a l,;%hd iy hefmk orejka KMP - m%Odk l<ukdlrK ldr®h uKav,fha ks,Od¯ka
KMPO - iud.fï m%Odk l<ukdlrK ldr®h uKav,fha ks,Od¯kaf.a l,;%hd iy hefmk orejka JD - fjk;a tallhkays
wOHlaIjre jk iud.fï wOHlaIjre ^fmd≥ wOHlaI mokï lrf.k&
7
TL - ld,Sk Kh L - l=,Smsg .eKqï HP - l,an≥ P - Wlia O - fjk;a
8
C - ys`. fkdue;s O - †k 61-90 olajd ys`. S - †k 91-180 olajd ys`.
D - †k 181-360 olajd ys`. L - †k 360 g jvd ys`.
6' j;alïj, .=Kd;aulNdjh
l%ñl Kh wl%ñl Kh
ys`. fkdue;s †k 61-90 olajd ys`. †k 91-180 olajd ys`. †k 181-360 olajd ys`. †k 360 g jvd ys`.
Kh jr®.h .sKqï msgysá .sKqï msgysá .sKqï msgysá .sKqï msgysá fYaIh .sKqï msgysá tl;=j
ixLHdj fYaIh ixLHdj fYaIh ixLHdj fYaIh ixLHdj ^re'Z000& ixLHdj fYaIh
^re'Z000& ^re'Z000& ^re'Z000& ^re'Z000&
ld,Sk Kh
l,an≥
l=,Smsg .eKqï
Wlia Kh
fjk;a
tl;=j
7' wh≥ïm;%h b†˙m;a lrk udihg fmr udifha wjidkhg w∞<j iud.u úiska ,nd.;a Kh ms<sn| úia;r
uQ,dY% ,nd.;a uqo, jdr®Isl fmd<S Kh ,nd.;a iq/lfï msgysá fYaIh
^re'Z000& wkqmd;slh †kh iajNdjh ^re'Z000&
w& n,m;%,dNS nexl=j,ska
⁄'
⁄⁄'
wd& fjk;a uQ,H wdh;kj,ska
⁄'
⁄⁄'
we& wOHlaIjrekaf.ka
⁄'
⁄⁄'
wE& fjk;a uQ,dY% u.ska
⁄'
⁄⁄'
tl;=j

8' wh≥ïm;%fha i|yka †kg mej;=Kq fmd<S wkqmd;sl$whls¯ï

Kh fmd<S wkqmd;sl ^mrdih$jdr®Isl& meyer ye¯fï .dia;=
jr®.h
udi12 g wvq udi 12 udi 24 udi 24 g jeä ] uqo, ^re'Z000&
Kh
l=,Smsg .eKqï
uQ,H l,an≥
Wlia
fjk;a

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2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

fuu wh≥ïmf;a i|yka f;dr;=re m¯laId l< nj;a" tajd iEu w;skau iïmQr®K nj;a iy wmf.a ±kSfï yd úYajdifha
yeáhg tu f;dr;=re i;H yd ksjer† nj;a wms m%ldY lr isáuq'
fjkqfjka
^wh≥ïlrk iud.fï ku&

wOHlaIjrekaf.a kï w;aik
1'
2'
3'
4'
5'
6'
7'
8'
9'
†kh (- ^iud.fï fmd≥ uqødj&
9' iud.u fjk;a iud.ul md,s; fyda wdY%s; fyda iud.ï iuQyhl idud‚lfhl= fõ kï" md,l iud.fï my; úia;r
imhkak'
9'1 md,l iud.fï idudkHh f;dr;=re(
9'1'1 iud.ula jYfhka ixia:dms; l< †kh(
9'1'2 jHdmdr lghq;= wdrïN l< †kh(
9'1'3 my; i|yka i:dkhkays ,smskhka(
9'1'3'1 ,shdm†xÑ l< ldr®hd,h(
9'1'3'2 m%Odk$m˙md,k ldr®hd,h
9'1'3'3 YdLd ldr®hd,h^ka&
9'2 m%Odk jHdmdr lghq;= ms<sn| úia;r(

9'3 md,l iud.fï fldgia ysñ jHqyh

9'3'1 m%Odk fldgia ysñlrejka 10 fokdf.a kï(

fldgia ysñlrejdf.a ku fldgia ixLHdj ksl=;= fldgia m%d.aOkhg m%;sY;hla f,i
1'
2'
3'
4'
5'
6'
7'
8'
9'
10'
9'4'1' ^w& wOHlaI uKav,h
wOHlaIjrhdf.a iïmQr®K m†xÑ Wmka †kh cd'ye'm' úfoaY .uka iud.fï wOHlaI iq≥iqlï /lshdj iïnkaO
ku ,smskh †k$udi$wjq wxlh n,m;% wxlh jrfhl= f,i lr.; yels
^lreKdlr iNdm;sf.a kñka m;a l< †kh f;dr;=re
wdrïN lrkak& †k$udi$wjq
1'
2'
3'
4'
5'
6'
7'
8'
9'

III fldgi - 114 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

9'4'1' ^wd& m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯$idudkHdêld¯

m%Odk úOdhl m†xÑ Wmka †kh cd'ye'm' úfoaY .uka iud.fï m%Odk iq≥iqlï /lshdj iïnkaO
ks,Od¯f.a$ ,smskh †k$udi$wjq wxlh n,m;% wxlh úOdhl ks,Od˙$ lr.; yels
idudkHdêld¯f.a idudkHdêld¯ f;dr;=re
iïmQr®K ku f,i m;a l< †kh
†k$udi$wjq
1'
2'

fuu wh≥ïmf;a i|yka f;dr;=re m¯laId l< nj;a" tajd iEu w;skau iïmQr®K nj;a iy wmf.a ±kSfï yd úYajdifha yeáhg
tu f;dr;=re i;H yd ksjer† nj;a wms m%ldY lr isáuq'
fjkqfjka
^wh≥ïlrk iud.fï ku&

wOHlaIjrekaf.a kï w;aik
1'
2'
3'
4'
5'
6'
7'
8'
9'

†kh (- ^iud.fï fmd≥ uqødj&

1 jk Wmf,aLkh
wh≥ïm;%h iu. b†˙m;a l< hq;= f,aLk
1' ixia:dms; iy;slfha iy;sl lrk ,o msgm;la'
2' iud.fï idx.ñl jHjia:dj,sh iy$fyda idx.ñl ixia:dm;%fhys iy;sl lrk ,o msgm;la'
3' iud.fï ,shdm†xÑ ,smskh" wOHlaI uKav, idud‚lhskaf.a kdudj,sh iy jdr®Isl jdr®;d iïnkaOfhka iud.ï
fr‚iag%dr®jrhd fj; hjk ,o tla tla jdr®;dj, ^13"15"20 wdlD;s m;%& iud.ï fr‚iag%dr®jrhd úiska iy;sl lrk ,o
msgm;a'
4' 1 jk Wmf,aLkh ^ta& wdlD;sh m%ldrj úfYaIs; fldgia ysñhkaf.a †jqreï m%ldY'
5' 1 jk Wmf,aLkh ^î& iy ^iS& wdlD;Ska m%ldrj wOHlaIjrekaf.a$m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯$ idudkHdêld¯ fyda tjeks
m;aùula i|yd f;dard .kakd ,o mqoa.,fhl=f.a †jqreï m%ldY iy m%ldYhka'
6' wh≥ïm;%h b†˙m;a lrk udihg fmr udifha wjidk †kg" wju uQ,sl m%d.aOk wjYH;djh imqrd we;s njg iq≥iqlï,;a
ú.Kljrfhl=f.ka ,nd.;a iy;sl lrk ,o ,smshla'
7' tla tla ksYap, foam< m%;s.Kkh l< ;lafiare jdr®;dj, iy;sl lrk ,o msgm;a'
8' wh≥ïlrk iud.fï iy tys md,l iud.fï miq.sh jr®I 3 i|yd jQ ú.Kk .sKqï jdr®;d'
9' wh≥ïm;%fha i|yka †kg fmr udih wjidkhg iq≥iqlï,;a ú.Kljrfhl= úiska ú.Kkh lrk ,o wh≥ïlrk iud.fï
uQ,H m%ldYk'
10' wh≥ïlrk iud.fï ixúOdk jHqyh'
11' wh≥ïlrk iud.fï fufyhqï w;afmdf;ys msgm;la'
12' n,m;%h ,nd .ekSfuka miq t<efUk b†˙ jr®I ;=k ;=< ;ekam;=" Kh °ï iy wfkl=;a fufyhqï lghq;=j, iy
,dNd,dN ms<sn| mqfrdal:khka we;=<;a YlH;d jdr®;djla'
13' 2016 wxl 6 ork laIqøuQ,H mkf;a úêúOdkhkag wkql+,j ksl=;a lr we;s kshuhka yd úOdkhkag wkql+, ùu i|yd
iud.ug we;s yelshdj ms<sn| wOHlaI uKav,fha m%ldYkhla'
14' foaYSh wd∞hï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o n≥ ksYaldIK iy;slh'
igyk( Wla; weuqKqïj,g wu;rj" wh≥ïm;%h ,eîfuka miq laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI yg
wjYH hehs yef`.kafka kï" wjYH f,aLk" f;dr;=re fyda fjk;a úia;r wh≥ïlre úiska b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 115

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

1 ^ta& Wmf,aLkh
fldgia ysñhka úiska b†˙m;a l< hq;= †jqreï m%ldYfha wdlD;sh
Èjqreï m%ldYh
^,smskh& ys m†xÑ ye∫kqïm;a
wxl$.uka n,m;% wxl ork ^iïmQr®K ku& jk uu fn!oaO$yska≥$l%sia;shdks$lf;da,sl$uqia,sï
wd.ñlfhl= jYfhka .dïNSr mQr®jlj o" wjxlj o" i;Hjd°j o fufia iy;sl lrñka m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ1'
1' by; ku i|yka m%;s«lre$†õreïlre uu fjñ'
2' uu ^iud.fï ku& wdh;kfha fldgia ysñfhl= fõ'

3' uu Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl fmd,Sishla" hï kshduk fyda wëlaIK wêldrhla" jD;a;shfõ°kaf.a ix.uhla" úur®Yk
fldñIka iNdjla" úksYaph iNdjla fyda fjk;a kS;suh wdh;khla u.ska hï jxpdjla" /jàula" jxl l%shdjla fyda ta
yd iudk idmrdë l%shdjla ms<sn|j is≥ lrkq ,nk úur®Ykhlg fyda úNd. ls¯ulg Ndckh ù fkdue;s njg m%;s«
foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'
4' uu jxpdjla" /jàula" jxl l%shdjla fyda ta yd iudk idmrdë l%shdjla fyda ´kEu kS;shla fyda ta hgf;a ksl=;a lrk
,oa∞ jQ ¯;s" fr.=,dis" úOdk fyda ksr®Khkag wkql+, fkdùu jeks l%shdjka iïnkaOfhka Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl
kS;s u.ska msysgqjk ,o wêlrKhlska" kshduk fyda wëlaIK wêldrhlska" jD;a;Shfõ°kaf.a ix.uhlska" úur®Yk
fldñIka iNdjlska" úksYaph iNdjlska fyda fjk;a uKav,hlska jer†lrefjl= fyda tlS l%shdjg iïnkaO mdr®Yjhla
f,i y∫kdf.k jer†lrefjl= ù fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'
5' uu jxpdjla" /jàula" jxl l%shdjla fyda ta yd iudk idmrdë l%shdjla iïnkaOfhka jk jrolg wêlrKhlska jer†lre
ù fyda tjeks jrola iïnkaOfhka wêlrKhlska fpdaokd ,nd fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'
6' uu lsishï wêlrKhlska i∞pdr úfrdaë l%shdjlg iïnkaO jrolg jer†lre ù fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY
lrñ'
fuu †jqreï m%ldYfha i|yka lreKq w∞< m˙† uqoaor w,jkak'
m%;s«lreg$†jqreïlreg lshjd f;areï lr ≥ka
w;r Tyq$weh tu lreKq i;H njg ms<sf.k m%;s« ud b†˙msg °
°$†jqreï ° †k ° ud b†˙msg °
w;aika ;nk ,°' idu∞k úksYaphldr$†jqreï flduid˙ia
igyk 1( w∞< fkdjk jpk lmd y˙kak
l%sia;shdks iy lf;da,sl mqoa.,hka †jqrd m%ldY lr isáh hq;= w;r fn!oaO" yska≥" uqia,sï iy fjk;a wd.ï woyk mqoa.,hka iy;sl lrñka m%;s« †h hq;=h'

1 ^î& Wmf,aLkh
wOHlaIjrhl=$m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯jrhl=$m%Odk l<ukdlrejl=$tjeks m;aùula i|yd f;dard.kakd ,o mqoa.,hl=
úiska b†˙m;a l< hq;= †jqreï m%ldYfha wdlD;sh
Èjqreï m%ldYh
^,smskh& ys m†xÑ ye∫kqïm;a
wxl$.uka n,m;% wxl ork ^iïmQr®K ku& jk uu fn!oaO$yska≥$l%sia;shdks$lf;da,sl$uqia,sï
wd.ñlfhl= jYfhka .dïNSr mQr®jlj o" wjxlj o" i;Hjd°j o fufia iy;sl lrñka m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ1'

1' by; ku i|yka m%;s«lre$†õreïlre uu fjñ'

2' ^;k;=r& jk uu ^iud.fï ku& wdh;kfha
^;k;=r& f,i m;a ls¯ug f;a¯ m;a ù we;'
3' ud yg w∞< lafIa;%hkays my; i|yka wOHdmksl iy$fyda jD;a;Suh iq≥iqlï we;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'

4' ud yg my; i|yka m˙† laIqøuQ,H jHdmdr" nexl= lghq;=" uQ,Huh lghq;=" kS;suh fyda m˙md,kuh fyda fjk;a w∞<
úIhka ms<sn|j ukd m<mqreoaola we;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'

5' uu Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaYhl fmd,Sishla" hï kshduk fyda wëlaIK wêldrhla" jD;a;Shfõ°kaf.a ix.uhla" úur®Yk fldñIka
iNdjla" úksYaph iNdjla fyda fjk;a kS;suh wdh;khla u.ska hï jxpdjla" /jàula" jxl l%shdjla fyda ta yd iudk
idmrdë l%shdjla ms<sn|j is≥ lrkq ,nk úur®Ykhlg fyda úNd. ls¯ulg Ndckh ù fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd
m%ldY lrñ'

III fldgi - 116 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

6' uu jxpdjla" /jàula" jxl l%shdjla fyda ta yd iudk idmrdë l%shdjla fyda ´kEu kS;shla fyda ta hgf;a ksl=;a lrk
,oa∞ jQ" ¯;s" fr.=,dis" úOdk fyda ksr®Khkag wkql+, fkdùu jeks l%shdjka iïnkaOfhka Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl kS;s
u.ska msysgqjk ,o wêlrKhlska" kshduk fyda wëlaIK wêldrhlska" jD;a;Shfõ°kaf.a ix.uhlska" úur®Yk fldñIka
iNdjlska" úksYaph iNdjlska fyda fjk;a uKav,hlska jer†lrefjl= fyda tlS l%shdjg iïnkaO mdr®Yjhla f,i
y∫kdf.k jer†lrejl= ù fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'
7' uu jxpdjla" /jàula" jxl l%shdjla fyda ta yd iudk idmrdë l%shdjla iïnkaOfhka jk jrolg wêlrKhlska jer†lre
ù fyda tjeks jrola iïnkaOfhka wêlrKhlska fpdaokd ,nd fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'
8' uu lsishï wêlrKhlska i∞pdr úfrdaë l%shdjlg iïnkaO jrolg jer†lrefjl= ù fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd
m%ldY lrñ'
9' uu Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl lsishï wêlrKhlska jia;= Nx.;ajhg fyda nxfldf,d;a Ndjhg m;a njg m%ldY lr
fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'
10' uu Kh wdmiq f.ùug lsishï wêlrKhlska fok ,o ksfhda.hla fyda wd«jla l%shd;aul ls¯ug wfmdfydi;a ù
fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'
11' uu kshduk fyda wëlaIK wêldrhla úiska" Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl lsishï wdh;khl wOHlaI" m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯
fyda fjk;a ks,Od˙hl= f,i fiajfhka bj;a lr fyda fiajh w;aysgqjd fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'
12' uu wêlrKhla u.ska isysúl,a jQ mqoa.,fhl= f,i m%ldYhg m;a ù fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'
13' uu
^w& kshduk fya;+ka u; n,m;%h fyda jHdmdrh wj,x.= lrkq ,enQ fyda w;aysgqjkq ,enQ fyda
^wd& Y%S ,xldfõ fyda úfoaYhl ° wEjr jQ fyda wEjr fjñka mj;sk fyda wksjdr®h wEjr ls¯ulg hg;aj isákakd jQ ´kEu
n,m;%,dNS nexl=jl" nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;khl" wOHlaIjrfhl=" m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od˙fhl= fyda fjk;a
n,;, iys; ;k;=rla ord fkdue;s njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd m%ldY lrñ'
14' uu fjk;a n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ul wOHlaIjrfhla fyda fiajd kshqla;slfhl= fkdjk njg m%;s« foñ$†jqrd
m%ldY lrñ'
fuu †jqreï m%ldYfha i|yka lreKq
m%;s«lreg$†jqreïlreg lshjd f;areï lr ≥ka w∞< m˙† uqoaor w,jkak'
w;r Tyq$weh tu lreKq i;H njg ms<sf.k
iy;sl lr †jqrd †k ° ud ud b†˙msg °
b†˙msg ° w;aika ;nk ,°'
idu∞k úksYaphldr$†jqreï flduid˙ia
igyk 1( w∞< fkdjk jpk lmd y˙kak
l%sia;shdks iy lf;da,sl mqoa.,hka †jqrd m%ldY lr isáh hq;= w;r fn!oaO" yska≥" uqia,sï iy fjk;a wd.ï woyk mqoa.,hka iy;sl lrñka m%;s« †h hq;=h'

1 ^iS& Wmf,aLkh
iud.fï ku(
wOHlaI$m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯$idudkHdêld¯$tjeks m;aùula i|yd
f;dard .kakd ,o mqoa.,fhla úiska b†˙m;a l< hq;= m%ldYh
^ †kg w∞< weuqKqï iys;j&
1' mqoa.,sl f;dr;=re
1'1' iïmQr®K ku(
1'2' cd;sl ye∫kqïm;a wxlh(
1'3' úfoaY .uka n,m;% wxlh(
1'4' Wmka †kh(
1'5' ia:ßr ,smskh(
1'6' jr®;udk ,smskh(
2' wh≥ïlrk iud.fuys m;aùu
2'1' uKav,hg$jr®;udk ;k;=rg m;a jQ †kh(
2'2' ;k;=r(
2'3' foaYSh fyda úfoaYsl nj(
2'4' jdr®Isl fõ;kh ^úia;r iys;j&(

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 117

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

2'5' wOHlaIjrhd fyda m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯$idudkHdêld¯ iy$fyda Tyqf.a$ wehf.a mjqf,a idud‚lhska iud.fï
j;alï Ndú;fhka Wmhd.;a m%;s,dNj, jdr®Isl jákdlu(
W∞( iud.fï N+ñh" f.dvke.s,s" jdyk wd†h&
2'6' by; 2'5 i|yka j;alï kv;a;=j i|yd fyda úhoï m%;smQrKh ^Kh ldâ ì,am;a" Wmfhda.s;d ì,am;a hkd†h& i|yd
iud.u úiska ±rE úhoï'
2'7' tu j;alï ñ,° .;a w.h iy fmd;a w.h yd ksYap, j;alï msysgd we;s ia:dkh
3' «;Skaf.a mqoa.,sl f;dr;=re
3'1' l,;%hdf.a iïmQr®K ku (
3'2' cd;sl ye∫kqïm;a wxlh (
3'3' úfoaY .uka n,m;% wxlh (
3'4' hefmk orejkaf.a úia;r (
iïmQr®K ku cd'ye'wxlh úfoaY .uka n,m;% wxlh
3'4'1
3'4'2
3'4'3

4' miqìu iy w;a±lSï

Tyq$weh wOHlaI jYfhka fyda m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯$idudkHdêld¯ jYfhka fiajh l< wdh;kj, kï(
wdh;kfha ku fiajd ld,h ;k;=r

5' n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ïj, iy ta wdY%s; iud.ïj, fldgia ysñlu

n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ï" tajdfha md,s; iud.ï iy wdY%s; iud.ïj, ±kg ork fldgia ysñld˙;ajhla we;akï ta
ms<sn| úia;r(
wdh;kfha ku fldgia .Kk ysñld˙;ajh m%;sY;hla f,i

6' jHdmd˙l .kqfokq

wh≥ïlrk iud.u" tys md,s; iud.ï fyda wdY%s; iud.ï ^we;akï& iy wfkl=;a uQ,H iud.ï iu. wOHlaI fyda m%Odk
úOdhl ks,Od¯$idudkHdêld¯ fyda tjeks m;aùula i|yd f;dard .kq ,enQ mqoa.,fhl= úiska ±kg mj;ajdf.k hk l=uk
wdldrfha fyda jHdmd˙l .kqfokq fõ kï ta ms<sn| úia;r(
wdh;kfha .kqfokqfõ iajNdjh †kg jákdlu †k$udi$wjq Kh iq/l=ï
ku ^remsh,a ñ,shk& jr®.SlrKh
^l%ñl$wl%ñl&
iSudj msgysá fYaIh jr®.h jákdlu ^remsh,a ñ,shk&

7' by; ±la jQ f;dr;=re jvd;a meye†,s ùug w∞< fjk;a úia;r$f;dr;=re iy wh≥ïlrk iud.ul wOHlaIjrhdf.a fyda
m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od˙hdf.a fyda idudkHdêld˙f.a fyda tjeks ;k;=rla i|yd f;a¯m;ajk mqoa.,fhl=f.a fhda.H;djh
;lafiare ls¯u i|yd w∞< fõ hehs yef`.k fjk;a f;dr;=re'
m%ldYh
by; ud úiska imhd we;s f;dr;=re udf.a ±kqfï yd úYajdih m˙† i;H njg;a iïmQr®K njg;a ;yjqre lrñ' by; imhk
,o f;dr;=rej,g w∞<j" lsishï fjkila jQ jydu" ishÆ f;dr;=re n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ug iy Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ
laIqøuQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ wOHlaI ksis m˙† ±kqj;a lrk njg uu fmdfrdka≥ fjñ'
by; ;k;=r ±¯u i|yd lsishï kS;shlska ud yg iSudjka mkjd fkdue;s nj;a fuhska m%ldY lr isáñ'

†kh(
zwOHlaI$m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯$idudkHdêld¯
fyda tjeks m;aùula i|yd f;dard .kakd ,o
mqoa.,fhl=f.a w;aik

III fldgi - 118 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

wOHlaI uKav,fha iNdm;s úiska iïmQr®K ls¯u i|yd

by; imhk ,o f;dr;=re yd nef|k fjk;a meye†,s ls¯ï$f;dr;=re iy wOHlaI fyda m%Odk úOdhl ks,Od¯ fyda idudkHdêld¯
fyda tjeks ;k;=rla i|yd f;dard .kakd ,o mqoa.,fhl=f.a fyda fhda.H;djh ;lafiare ls¯u i|yd w∞< fõ hehs yef`.k
fjk;a f;dr;=re'
†kh(
wOHlaI uKav,fha iNdm;sf.a w;aik

laIqøuQ,H mkf;a ¯;s" 2016 wxl 02 2016 Tlaf;danr® 27
n,m;%h .dia;=j
2016 wxl 6 ork laIqøuQ,H mkf;a 13^2& j.ka;sh m%ldrj ksl=;a lrk ,°'

1' wdrïNl n,m;% 1'1' n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ula n,m;%h ,nd .kq ,nk jr®Ih i|yd remsh,a mkiaoyil
.dia;=j ^re'50"000$-& uQ,sl n,m;% .dia;=jla f.úh hq;= w;r th n,m;%h ,nd .kakd †k fyda Bg fmr
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j fj; f.úh hq;=h'
2' jdr®Isl n,m;% 2'1' iEu n,m;%,dNS laIqøuQ,H iud.ulau n,m;%h ,nd.;a miqj t<efUk iEu jr®Ihla i|ydu
.dia;=j my; m˙† iud.fï uq`M j;alï u; mdol jQ n,m;% .dia;=jla f.úh hq;= w;r th w∞< jr®Ifha
ckjd˙ 31 fyda Bg fmr f.úh hq;=h'

miq.sh jir wjidk †kg uq`M j;alï tl;=j jdr®Isl n,m;% .dia;=j ^re'&
re' ñ,shk 250 fyda Bg my< 50"000$-
re' ñ,shk 250 isg re' ñ,shk 500 olajd 100"000$-
re' ñ,shk 500 isg re' ñ,shk 750 olajd 150"000$-
re' ñ,shk 750 isg re' ì,shk 01 olajd 200"000$-
re' ì,shk 01 g by< 250"000$-

bkaø‚;a l=udriajdñ
uqo,a uKav,fha iNdm;s
Y%S ,xld uy nExl=fõ wêm;s

uqo,a jHdmdr mk; hgf;a ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdk 2016 wxl 01 2016 ckjd˙ 18
jHdmdr ia:dk újD; lsÍu" jeiSu yd ia:dkh fjkia lsÍu
2011 wxl 42 ork uqo,a jHdmdr mkf;a 12 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,°'
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ïj, jHdmdr ia:dk újD; ls¯u" jHdmdr mj;ajd f.k hk ia:dk jeiSu iy jHdmdr ia:dkhla ±kg
mj;sk ia:dkh fjkia ls¯u i|yd" uqo,a uKav,h úiska my; úOdkhka ksl=;a lrkq ,efí'
1' uqo,a uKav,fha mQr®j 1'1 lsis≥ n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ula uqo,a uKav,fha mQr®j wkque;shlska f;drj Y%S ,xldfõ lsis≥
wkque;sh m%foaYhla ;=< YdLdjla fyda iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;%hla újD; ls¯ula fyda mj;akd jHdmdr ia:dkhla
jeiSula fyda hï jHdmdr ia:dkhla mj;akd ia:dkh fjkia ls¯ula fyda is≥ fkdl< hq;=h'
1'2 lsis≥ n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ulg mQr®K YdLdjla fyda iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;%hla yer fjk;a fiajd
ia:dkhla újD; ls¯u i|yd wjir fokq fkd,efí'
2' kj YdLd$ 2'1 ishÆu n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï YdLd jHdma; ls¯fï jdr®Isl ie,eiau i|yd wOHlaI uKav,h
iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% úiska wkqu; lrk ,o iq≥iq úplaIK m%;sm;a;s mej;Su iy;sl l< hq;=h'
újD; ls¯u 2'2 by; 2'1 úOdkfhys i|yka YdLd jHdma; ls¯fï jdr®Isl ie,eiau i|yd m%;sm;a;s ilia ls¯fï
° ishÆu n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï m%Odk jYfhka kj YdLdj, jHdmdr lghq;= i|yd mj;sk
yelshdj" fhda‚; YdLdjkays ,dN∞hS;ajh" wNHka;r md,k moaO;sfhys ldr®hlaIu;dj" fiajl
w;s˙la;hka y∫kd.;a wjia:dj, ° fiajlhka kej; fhduq ls¯u" fiajd,dNSka fj; laI◊l yd
ms˙jeh M,∞hS md˙fNda.sl fiajdjka jHdma; ls¯u wd†h ie,ls,a,g .; hq;=h'
2'3 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï úiska kj YdLd újD; ls¯u i|yd w∞< wh≥ïm; weuqKqu 1 ys ° we;s
wh≥ïm; wkqj wOHlaI fj; b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
2'4 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï úiska YdLd újD; ls¯ug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk m%foaYh ;=< uQ,H fiajdjka
i|yd mj;sk wjYH;dj fmkakqï lrñka tla tla YdLdj i|yd" wdr®:ßl YlH;d wOHhkhla
wh≥ïm; iuÛ b†˙m;a l< hq;=h' tjka wOHhkhl wju jYfhka my; i|yka lreKq wdjrKh
l< hq;=h'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 119

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

w' fhda‚; m%foaYh ;=< uQ,H fiajdjka i|yd mj;sk wjYH;dj'

wd' tu m%foaYh ;=< uQ,H fiajdjka i|yd we;s b,aÆfuys wfmalaIs; jr®Okh iy YdLdfõ jHdmdr
lghq;= ,dN∞hS ùug .;jk ld,h'
we' wfmalaIs; jHdmdr m˙udj" jHdmdr jr®Okh" ixia:dmk yd fufyhqï ms˙jeh iy jir ;=klg
fkdwvq m%udKj;a ld,m˙Éf√ohl m%;sM, mokï lrf.k wh≥ïlrk YdLdj i|yd uQ,H
Wml,amkhka'
2'5 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ula kj YdLd yd iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% újD; ls¯u i|yd wh≥ïm;a b†˙m;a
ls¯ug fmr ta i|yd tu iud.fï wOHlaI uKav,fha mQr®j wkque;sh ,nd ;sîu iy;sl l< hq;=h'
2'6 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï w∞< rdcH wdh;khkaf.ka ksis wkque;sh ,nd ;sîu iy;sl l< hq;=h'
2'7 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï kj YdLd ia:dmkh ls¯fï ° fyda ia:dmkh ls¯fuka miq uq,a wh≥ïmf;ys
we;=<;a ´kEu ne£ï" ksfhdackh ls¯ï fyda .Kkh ls¯ï flfrys n,mdk ie,lsh hq;= fjkiaùï
iïnkaOj n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï úiska wOHlaI fj; ±kqï°u iy;sl l< hq;=h'
2'8 wOHlaI úiska uqo,a uKav, ;SrKh ±kqï ≥ka †k isg udi 3 la we;=<; wkqu; lrk ,o kj
YdLdfõ jHdmdr lghq;= wdrïN ls¯u n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï úiska iy;sl l< hq;=h'
2'9 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï úiska kj YdLdj újD; l< miq jHdmd˙l †k oyhla we;=<; kj YdLdj
újD; l< †kh wOHlaI fj; ±kqï °u iy;sl l< hq;=h'
3' jHdmdr ia:dk jid 3'1 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï úiska jHdmd˙l ia:dk jid ±óu i|yd tu jid ±óug n,dfmdfrd;a;=
±óu jk †kg wju jYfhka †k 45lg fmr weuqKqu II ys ,nd° we;s wdlD;shg wkqj wOHlaI fj;
wh≥ïm;a b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
3'2 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ula jHdmd˙l ia:dkhla jid ±óu i|yd wh≥ïm;a b†˙m;a ls¯ug fmr ta
i|yd tu iud.fï wOHlaI uKav,fha mQr®j wkque;sh ,nd ;sîu iy;sl l< hq;=h'
3'3 jHdmd˙l ia:dkh jid ±ófuka miq tu jHdmdrh mej;s ia:dkfha ;j≥rg;a uqo,a jHdmdr lghq;=
is≥ fkdjk nj n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï úiska iy;sl l< hq;=h'
3'4 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï úiska jHdmd˙l ia:dkh jid ±ófuka miq jHdmd˙l †k oyhla we;=<;
tu ia:dkh jid ±uQ †kh wOHlaI fj; ±kqï °u iy;sl l< hq;=h'
4' jHdmdr lghq;= ±kg 4'1 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï úiska jHdmdr lghq;= ±kg mj;akd ia:dkh fjkia ls¯u i|yd tu
mj;akd ia:dkh ia:dkh fjkia ls¯ug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk †kg wju jYfhka †k 45 lg fmr weuqKqu III ys
fjkia ls¯u ,nd° we;s wdlD;shg wkqj wOHlaI fj;ska b,aÆï l< hq;=h'
4'2 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ula mj;akd jHdmd˙l ia:dkh fjkia ls¯u i|yd wh≥ïm;a b†˙m;a ls¯ug
fmr ta i|yd tu iud.fï wOHlaI uKav,fha mQr®j wkque;sh ,nd ;sîu iy;sl l< hq;=h'
4'3 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ula mj;akd jHdmd˙l ia:dkh fjkia ls¯fuka miqj tu jHdmdrh mej;s
ia:dkfha ;j≥rg;a uqo,a jHdmdr lghq;= is≥ fkdjk nj n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï úiska iy;sl
l< hq;=h'
5' wëlaIK we.hSu iy YdLd jHdma; ls¯fï jdr®Isl ie,eiau i,ld ne,Sfï °" uqo,a uKav,h úiska n,m;%,dNS uqo,a
YdLd jHdma; ls¯fï iud.ïj, my; ±lafjk ksr®Kdhlhka ie,ls,a,g .kq ,efí'
jdr®Isl ie,eiau w' wjodkï l<ukdlrKh iy wdh;ksl hymd,kfha Yla;su;a nj·
wkqu; ls¯fï wd' uQ,H ;;a;ajh·
l%shdj,sh we' m%d.aOk uÜgu yd m%udKd;aul;djh·
wE' j;alïj, .=Kd;aulNdjh iy fjkals¯ï$ydkslrKj, m%udKd;aul;djh·
b' øjYS,;d uÜgfï iajNdjh·
B' bmhqï m%jK;d iy wkd.; bmhqï wfmalaIdjka·
W' úplaIK kshduk fr.=,diSkag uqo,a iud.u olajk wkql+,;djka ms<sn| miq.sh jdr®;d·
W!' ;dlaIK iy l<ukdlrK f;dr;=re moaO;sfha fhda.H;dj·
t' mj;akd YdLdjkaj, ldr®hidOkh·
ta' fhda‚; YdLdjka u.ska ,nd fok uQ,H fiajdjkays mrdih· iy
T' fiajd iemhSug wfmalaIs; m%cdfjys myiqj iy wjYH;dj'
6' ;ekam;= /ia ls¯u YdLd ldr®hd,j,ska muKla Kh idOk m;% ksl=;a ls¯u is≥ l< hq;=h'
7' fuu úOdkhkag fuu úOdkhkag wkql+, ùug wfmdfydi;a jk ´kEu n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ula 2011 wxl 42 ork
wkql+, fkdùfuka uqo,a jHdmdr mkf;a 25 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a jrolg jrolrejl= fõ'
we;sjk iïndOl
8' wr®: ksrEmKh fuu úOdkfhys·
w' §fjk;a fiajd ia:dk¶ hkafkka" fiajd uOHia:dk" Wlia uOHia:dk" tl;= ls¯fï uOHia:dk fyda
wOHlaI úiska ;SrKh lrkq ,nk fjk;a ´kEu fiajd ia:dkhla woyia fõ'
wd' §jHdmdr ia:dk¶ hkafkka YdLdjka" iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% iy fjk;a fiajd ia:dk woyia fõ'
we' §wOHlaI¶ hkafkka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
wOHlaI woyia fõ'

III fldgi - 120 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

9' fmr úOdkhka my; ±lafjk úOdkh yd udr®f.damfoaYh fuu.ska wfydais flfr®'
wfydais ls¯u w' 2005 wxl 06 ork uqo,a iud.ï ^YdLd$ldr®hd, újD; ls¯u$ia:dkh fjkia ls¯u$jeiSu& úOdkh'
wd' 2006 wxl 01 ork uqo,a iud.ï ^YdLd$ldr®hd, újD; ls¯u& udr®f.damfoaYh'
wr®cqk ufyakaøka
uqo,a uKav,fha iNdm;s iy
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wêm;s
weuqKqu I
wh≥ïm; - kj YdLdjla újD; ls¯u
1 idudkH
1'1 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.fï ku
1'2 fhda‚; újD; ls¯u i|yd wOHlaI uKav,fha wkque;sh ,nd.;a †kh
1'3 iïnkaO lr .; yels mqoa.,hd
w ks,Od˙hdf.a ku
wd ;k;=r
we ≥rl:k
wE úoHq;a ;emE,
2 mj;akd YdLdj, iy fjk;a fiajd ia:dkj, ;;a;ajh ^wh≥ïm; b†˙m;a lrk †kg&
niakdysr m<d; fjk;a m<d;a tl;=j
whs;uh m%udKh ,dN$w,dN m%udKh ,dN$w,dN m%udKh ,dN$w,dN
re'ì,shk re'ì,shk re'ì,shk
2'1 YdLd
w' uqΩ YdLd .Kk
wd' uqΩ w,dN Wmhk YdLd
.Kk
we' miq.sh jir 3 ;=< újD;
lrk ,o uqΩ kj YdLd
.Kk
wE' miq.sh jir 3 ;=< újD;
lrk ,o w,dN Wmhk
uqΩ kj YdLd .Kk
2'2 Wlia uOHia:dk
2'3 iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;%
w' YdLd m˙Y%fhys msysgd we;s
wd' fjk;a ia:dkj, msysgd
we;s
2'4 fjk;a fiajd ia:dk
3 uQ,H f;dr;=re m%lafIamkhka ( lreKdlr fhda‚; YdLd o we;=Ωj iud.fï fufyhqï lghq;=j, b†˙ jir ;=kl ld,h
i|yd uQ,H m%lafIamkhka b†˙m;a lrkak'
whs;uh jir 1 jir 2 jir 3
3'1 ia:r 1 wkqmd;h" ]
3'2 uqΩ m%d.aOk wkqmd;h" ]
3'3 o< wl%sh Kh wkqmd;h" ]
3'4 Y=oaO wl%sh Kh wkqmd;h" ]
3'5 iuia; ;ekam;=" re' ì,shk
3'6 iuia; Kh iy w;a;sldrï" re' ì,shk
3'7 uQ,sl m%d.aOkh" re' ì,shk
3'8 iuia; m%d.aOk moku" re' ì,shk
3'9 ,dN iy w,dN" re' ì,shk
4 kj YdLdjka újD; ls¯u
4'1 fhda‚; kj YdLdjka .Kk
niakdysr m<d; fjk;a m<d;a uqΩ .Kk
4'2 kj YdLdjkaj, f;dr;=re" lreKdlr weuqKqu 1^w& m˙† fhda‚; YdLdjkaj, f;dr;=re fjka fjka jYfhka b†˙m;a
lrkak'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 121

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

5 iy;sl ls¯u
iud.u fjkqfjka my; w;aika l< wh fj; wh≥ïm; b†˙m;a ls¯u i|yd n,h we;s w;r fuys imhd we;s f;dr;=re
uf.a ±kqu yd úYajdih wkqj i;H yd ksjer† fõ'
ku
;k;=r
w;aik
†kh
weuqKqu I ^w&
kj YdLdj ms<sn| f;dr;=re
1 idudkH
1'1 YdLdj úiska Ndú;d ls¯ug fhda‚; ldr®hd,Sh ku
b†˙m;a lrkak'
1'2 ia:dkh
w m˙md,k †ia;%slalh
wd Pkao fldÜGdYh
we k.rh
wE m<d;a md,k wêld˙h
b m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdYh
B ;eme,a ,smskh" ;sfí kï
2 fhda‚; YdLdfõ we;s iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;%

3 fiajl wjYH;djhka
3'1 úOdhl fY%a◊h ,smslre iqΩ fiajl wdrlaIl uqΩ

3'2 fhda‚; YdLdfõ fiajlhska ms<sn| f;dr;=re Tjqkaf.a iq≥iqlï" w;a±lSï iy /lshd úia;rh we;=<;a lrñka b†˙m;a lrkak'
^fuu f;dr;=re fjk;a weuqKqula u.ska b†˙m;a lrkak'&
4 uQ,H f;dr;=re - uq,a jir 3 i|yd tla tla jr®Ih wjidkhg YdLdfõ fufyhqï lghq;=j,g muKla w∞< m%lafIamkhka b†˙m;a
lrkak'
whs;uh ^re' ñ,shk& jir 1 jir 2 jir 3
4'1 ;ekam;=
4'2 Kh iy w;a;sldrï
4'3 fmd,S wd∞hu
4'4 fmd,S úhoï
4'5 fiajl úhoï
4'6 ,dN$^w,dN&
5' YdLdj msysgqùug fhda‚; ia:dkh wh;a m%dfoaYSh f,alï ldr®hd,h$m<d;a md,k wêld˙hg wh;a m%foaYh ;=< l%shd;aul
jk fjk;a uQ,H wdh;kj, f;dr;=re
whs;uh m%udKh
5'1 n,m;%,dNS nexl=$YdLd
5'2 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï$YdLd
5'3 úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï$YdLd
5'4 †úke.=u m%cd uQ, nexl=
5'5 .%dóh nexl=
6 YdLdj msysgqùug fhda‚; ia:dkh wjg m%foaYh ;=< l%shd;aul jk fjk;a uQ,H wdh;k ^by; i|yka l< nexl=" uqo,a
iud.ï" l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï& j, f;dr;=re' ^wjg m%foaYh - fhda‚; YdLdj uyk.r iNdjl n, m%foaYh ;=< kï
ls'ó' 1 l ≥r m%udKh" fhda‚; YdLdj k.r iNdjl n, m%foaYh ;=< kï ls'ó' 3 l ≥r m%udKh" fhda‚; YdLdj m%dfoaYSh
iNdjl n, m%foaYh ;=< kï ls'ó'5 l ≥r m%udKh&
wdh;kfha ku fhda‚; YdLdfõ isg ≥r
m%udKh ^ls'ó'&

III fldgi - 122 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

7 wdr®:ßl YlH;d jdr®;dj

ku
;k;=r
w;aik
†kh
weuqKqu II
jHdmdr ia:dkhla jid±óu i|yd wh≥ïm;
1 idudkH
1'1 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.fï ku
1'2 jid ±óug fhda‚; jHdmdr ia:dkfha jr®.h (x)
YdLd iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% Wlia
tl;= ls¯fï uOHia:dk fiajd uOHia:dk fjk;a ^i|yka lrkak&
1'3 fhda‚; jid ±óu i|yd wOHlaI uKav, wkque;sh ,nd.;a †kh
1'4 jHdmdr ia:dkh jid ±óu i|yd fya;=
2 ia:dkh
2'1 m˙md,k †ia;%slalh
2'2 Pkao fldÜGdYh
2'3 k.rh
2'4 m<d;a md,k wêld˙h
2'5 m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdYh
2'6 ;eme,a ,smskh
3 fhda‚; jid ±óu iïnkaO m%Odk f;dr;=re ^re' ñ,shk&
3'1 uqΩ j;alï
3'2 Kh iy w;a;sldrï
w' uQ,H l,an≥
wd' l=,S iskaklalr
we' Wlia
wE' laIqø uQ,H
b' fjk;a
3'3 fjk;a j;alï
3'4 ;ekam;=
w' ia:djr ;ekam;=
wd' b;=reï
we' fjk;a
3'5 uqΩ Kh .ekSï
3'6 fjk;a j.lSï
3'7 fiajlhka ixLHdj
4 jid ±óug fhda‚; jHdmdr ia:dkfha j;alï" j.lSï iy fiajlhka iïnkaOj .ekSug kshñ; l%shdudr®.hka úia;r lrkak'

5 iy;sl ls¯u
iud.u fjkqfjka my; w;aika l< wh fj; wh≥ïm;a b†˙m;a ls¯u i|yd n,h we;s w;r fuys imhd we;s f;dr;=re uf.a ±kqu
yd úYajdih wkqj i;H yd ksjer† fõ'
ku
;k;=r
w;aik
†kh

weuqKqu III
jHdmdr ia:dkhla mj;sk ia:dkh fjkia ls¯u i|yd wh≥ïm;
1 idudkH
1'1 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.fï ku
1'2 ia:dkh fjkia ls¯ug fhda‚; jHdmdr ia:dkfha jr®.h (x)
YdLd iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% Wlia
tl;= ls¯fï uOHia:dk fiajd uOHia:dk fjk;a ^i|yka lrkak&
1'3 fhda‚; ia:dkh fjkia ls¯u i|yd wOHlaI uKav, wkque;sh ,nd.;a †kh
1'4 jHdmdr ia:dkh fjkia ls¯u i|yd fya;=

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 123

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

2 ia:dkh
2'1 mj;sk ia:dkh
w' m˙md,k †ia;%slalh
wd' Pkao fldÜGdYh
we' k.rh
wE' m<d;a md,k wêld˙h
b' m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdYh
B' ;eme,a ,smskh
2'2 kj ia:dkh ^fhda‚;&
w' m˙md,k †ia;%slalh
wd' Pkao fldÜGdYh
we' k.rh
wE' m<d;a md,k wêld˙h
b' m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdYh
B' ;eme,a ,smskh
3 fhda‚; ia:dkh fjkia lss¯u iïnkaO m%Odk f;dr;=re ^re' ñ,shk&
3'1 uqΩ j;alï
3'2 Kh iy w;a;sldrï
w' uQ,H l,an≥
wd' l=,S iskaklalr
we' Wlia
wE' laIqø uQ,H
b' fjk;a
3'3 fjk;a j;alï
3'4 ;ekam;=
w' ia:djr ;ekam;=
wd' b;=reï
we' fjk;a
3'5 uqΩ Kh .ekSï
3'6 fjk;a j.lSï
3'7 fiajlhka ixLHdj
4 iy;sl ls¯u
iud.u fjkqfjka my; w;aika l< wh fj; wh≥ïm;a b†˙m;a ls¯u i|yd n,h we;s w;r fuys imhd we;s f;dr;=re
uf.a ±kqu yd úYajdih wkqj i;H yd ksjer† fõ'
ku
;k;=r
w;aik
†kh

uqo,a jHdmdr mk; hgf;a ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdk 2016 wxl 02 2016 Tlaf;danr® 28
;ekam;= iy Kh idOk m;% i|yd Wmßu fmd,S wkqmd;
2011 wxl 42 ork uqo,a jHdmdr mkf;a 12 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,°'
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï úiska Ndr.kq ,nk fyda wÆ;a lrkq ,nk b;=reï yd ld,Sk ;ekam;= i|yd iy ksl=;a lrkq ,nk
Kh idOk m;% i|yd f.úh hq;= Wm˙u fmd,S wkqmd; iïnkaOfhka uqo,a uKav,h úiska my; úOdkhka ksl=;a lrkq ,efí'
1' Wm˙u fmd,S 1'1 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï úiska ;ekm;= iy Kh idOk m;% Ndr.kq ,nk fyda wÆ;a lrkq ,nk
wkqmd; fyda ksl=;a lrkq ,nk wjia:dfõ ° ,nd†h yels fyda f.úh yels Wm˙u fmd,S wkqmd; †k 364 l
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a i|yd m%d:ñl fjkafoaisfha ° nr ;nk ,o idudkH M,∞ wkqmd;hg jvd my;
±lafjk mokï wxl fkdblauúh hq;=h'
1'1'1 ld,Sk ;ekam;= i|yd·
w' jirla fyda Bg wvq l,a ms¯fï ld,hla iys; ;ekam;= i|yd mokï wxl 300·

III fldgi - 124 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

wd'
jirlg jeä iy jir ;=kla olajd l,a ms¯fï ld,hla iys; ;ekam;= i|yd mokï wxl 400·
iy
we' jir ;=klg jeä l,a ms¯fï ld,hla iys; ;ekam;= i|yd mokï wxl 550'
1'1'2 Kh idOk m;% i|yd·
w' jirla fyda Bg wvq l,a ms¯fï ld,hla iys; Kh idOk m;% i|yd mokï wxl 300·
wd' jirlg jeä iy jir ;=kla olajd l,a ms¯fï ld,hla iys; Kh idOk m;% i|yd mokï
wxl 400· iy
we' jir ;=klg jeä l,a ms¯fï ld,hla iys; Kh idOk m;% i|yd mokï wxl 650'
1'2 b;=reï ;ekam;= i|yd Wm˙u fmd,S wkqmd;h †k 91 l NdKavd.dr ì,am;a i|yd m%d:ñl
fjkafoaisfha ° nr ;nk ,o idudkH M,∞ wkqmd;h úh hq;=h'
1'3 by; 1'1'1 iy 1'2 úOdkj, tfia i|yka jqjo" n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.u úiska fcHIaG mqrjeishkaf.a
;ekam;= i|yd by; i|yka Wm˙u fmd,S wkqmd; blaujñka mokï wxl 100 lg fkdjeä w;sfr®l
fmd,shla f.úh yels fõ'
2' w∞< nr ;nk 2'1 by; 1'1 yd 1'2 úOdkhkays i|yka lr we;s w∞< nr ;nk ,o idudkH M,∞ wkqmd;hka tla tla
,o idudkH M,∞ jr®Ifha cqks yd foieïnr® ui wjidkfha ° wOHlaI úiska ±kqï †h hq;= w;r tu wkqmd;hka w∞<
wkqmd;h udi ;=< ° NdKavd.dr ì,am;a i|yd is≥ lrk ,o m%d:ñl fjkafoaisj, iuia; nr ;nk ,o M,∞
wkqmd;hka úh hq;=h'
2'2 cqks ui ;=< ° ±kqï fokq ,nk nr ;nk ,o idudkH M,∞ wkqmd;h jifr® fojk Nd.h ^cQ,s
isg foieïnr®& i|yd w∞< jk w;r foieïnr® ui ;=< ° ±kqï fokq ,nk nr ;nk ,o idudkH
M,∞ wkqmd;h miqj tk jifr® m<uq Nd.h ^ckjd˙ isg cqks& i|yd w∞< fõ'
3' kshduk jdr®;d 3'1 ishÆu n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï fmd,S wkqmd; f;dr;=re" fmd,S wkqmd; iïnkaO cd,.; udisl
ls¯u jdr®;djg wkqj b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
4' wr®: ksrEmk 4'1 §ld,Sk ;ekam;=¶ hkafkka ksYaÑ; ld,iSudjlska miq wdmiq f.ùfï tlÛ;djla u; n,m;%,dNS
uqo,a iud.ï úiska ndr.kq ,nk fyda wÆ;a lrkq ,nk b;=reï ;ekam;=jla fkdjk fjk;a ´kEu
;ekam;=jla woyia fõ'
4'2 §Kh idOk m;%¶ hkafkka ne∫ïlrhla" Khlrhla" jd◊c m;%sldjla" fmdfrdka≥ fkdaÜgqjla fyda
wOHlaIjrhd úiska ;SrKh lrkq ,nk Kh .ekSu i|yd Ndú;d lrkq ,nk fjk;a ´kEu Kh
idOk m;%hla woyia fõ'
4'3 §fcHIaG mqrjeishka¶ hkafkka ;ekam;=jla Ndr.kakd fyda kej; wÆ;a lrk wjia:dfõ ° jhi
wjqre≥ 55 g jeä mqoa.,hka woyia fõ'
4'4 §wOHlaI¶ hkafkka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
wOHlaIjrhd woyia fõ'
5' fmr úOdkh 5'1 2014 wxl 01 ork uqo,a iud.ï ^fmd,S wkqmd;& úOdkh fuhska wfydais lrkq ,efí'
wfydais ls¯u
wdpdr®h bkaø‚;a l=udriajdñ
uqo,a uKav,fha iNdm;s iy
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wêm;s

l,an≥ uQ,HlrK mk; hgf;a ksl=;a lrkq ,nk úOdk 2016 wxl 1 2016 ckjd˙ 18
jHdmdr ia:dk újD; lsÍu" jeiSu yd ia:dkh fjkia lsÍu
2000 wxl 56 ork l,an≥ uQ,HlrK mkf;a 34 jk j.ka;sh m%ldrj" tu mkf;a ;=kajk j.ka;sfha ^we& f√ofha úêúOdkhkag
wkqj ,shdm†xÑ l,an≥ uQ,HlrK wdh;k f,i i|yka lrk fmd≥ iud.ïj,g ^fuys ñkau;= §úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK
iud.u¶ hkqfjka i|yka lrkq ,nk iud.ïj,g& fmd≥ úOdk ksl=;als¯u i|yd wOHlaI fj; n,;, mej¯ we;'
úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ïj, jHdmdr ia:dk újD; ls¯u" jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k hk ia:dk jeiSu iy jHdmdr ia:dkhla
±kg mj;sk ia:dkh fjkia ls¯u i|yd" wOHlaI úiska my; úOdkhka ksl=;a lrkq ,efí'
1' uqo,a uKav,fha 1'1 lsis≥ úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ula uqo,a uKav,fha mQr®j wkque;shlska f;drj Y%S ,xldfõ
mQr®j wkque;sh lsis≥ m%foaYhla ;=< YdLdjla újD; ls¯ula fyda mj;akd jHdmdr ia:dkhla jeiSula fyda hï jHdmdr
ia:dkhla mj;akd ia:dkh fjkia ls¯ula fyda is≥ fkdl< hq;=h'
1'2 lsis≥ úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ulg mQr®K YdLdjla yer fjk;a fiajd ia:dkhla újD; ls¯u
i|yd wjir fokq fkd,efí'

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 125

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

2' kj YdLd újD; 2'1 ishÆu úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï YdLd jHdma; ls¯fï jdr®Isl ie,eiau i|yd wOHlaI
ls¯u uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o iq≥iq úplaIK m%;sm;a;s mej;Su iy;sl l< hq;=h'
2'2 by; 2'1 úOdkfhys i|yka YdLd jHdma; ls¯fï jdr®Isl ie,eiau i|yd m%;sm;a;s ilia ls¯fï
° ishÆu úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï m%Odk jYfhka kj YdLdj, jHdmdr lghq;= i|yd
mj;sk yelshdj" fhda‚; YdLdjkays ,dN∞hS;ajh" wNHka;r md,k moaO;sfhys ldr®hlaIu;dj"
fiajl w;s˙la;hka y∫kd.;a wjia:dj, ° fiajlhka kej; fhduq ls¯u" fiajd,dNSka fj; laI◊l
yd ms˙jeh M,∞hS md˙fNda.sl fiajdjka jHdma; ls¯u wd†h ie,ls,a,g .; hq;=h'
2'3 úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï úiska kj YdLd újD; ls¯u i|yd w∞< wh≥ïm; weuqKqu 1 ys
° we;s wh≥ïm; wkqj wOHlaI fj; b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
2'4 úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï úiska YdLd újD; ls¯ug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk m%foaYh ;=<
uQ,H fiajdjka i|yd mj;sk wjYH;dj fmkakqï lrñka tla tla YdLdj i|yd" wdr®:ßl YlH;d
wOHhkhla wh≥ïm; iuÛ b†˙m;a l< hq;=h' tjka wOHhkhl wju jYfhka my; i|yka lreKq
wdjrKh l< hq;=h'
w' fhda‚; m%foaYh ;=< uQ,H fiajdjka i|yd mj;sk wjYH;dj'
wd' tu m%foaYh ;=< uQ,H fiajdjka i|yd we;s b,aÆfuys wfmalaIs; jr®Okh iy YdLdfõ jHdmdr
lghq;= ,dN∞hS ùug .;jk ld,h'
we' wfmalaIs; jHdmdr m˙udj" jHdmdr jr®Okh" ixia:dmk yd fufyhqï ms˙jeh iy jir ;=klg
fkdwvq m%udKj;a ld,m˙Éf√ohl m%;sM, mokï lrf.k wh≥ïlrk YdLdj i|yd uQ,H
Wml,amkhka'
2'5 úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ula kj YdLd újD; ls¯u i|yd wh≥ïm;a b†˙m;a ls¯ug fmr ta
i|yd tu iud.fï wOHlaI uKav,fha mQr®j wkque;sh ,nd ;sîu iy;sl l< hq;=h'
2'6 úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï w∞< rdcH wdh;khkaf.ka ksis wkque;sh ,nd ;sîu iy;sl l<
hq;=h'
2'7 úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï kj YdLd ia:dmkh ls¯fï ° fyda ia:dmkh ls¯fuka miq uq,a
wh≥ïmf;ys we;=<;a ´kEu ne£ï" ksfhdackh ls¯ï fyda .Kkh ls¯ï flfrys n,mdk ie,lsh
hq;= fjkiaùï iïnkaOj úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï úiska wOHlaI fj; ±kqï°u iy;sl
l< hq;=h'
2'8 wOHlaI úiska uqo,a uKav, ;SrKh ±kqï ≥ka †k isg udi 3 la we;=<; wkqu; lrk ,o kj
YdLdfõ jHdmdr lghq;= wdrïN ls¯u úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï úiska iy;sl l< hq;=h'
2'9 úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï úiska kj YdLdj újD; l< miq jHdmd˙l †k oyhla we;=<;
kj YdLdj újD; l< †kh wOHlaI fj; ±kqï °u iy;sl l< hq;=h'
3' jHdmdr ia:dk 3'1 úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï úiska jHdmd˙l ia:dk jid ±óu i|yd tu jid ±óug
jid ±óu n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk †kg wju jYfhka †k 45lg fmr weuqKqu II ys ,nd° we;s wdlD;shg wkqj
wOHlaI fj; wh≥ïm;la b†˙m;a l< hq;=h'
3'2 úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ula jHdmd˙l ia:dkhla jid ±óu i|yd wh≥ïm;la b†˙m;a
ls¯ug fmr ta i|yd tu iud.fï wOHlaI uKav,fha mQr®j wkque;sh ,nd ;sîu iy;sl l< hq;=h'
3'3 jHdmd˙l ia:dk jid ±ófuka miq tu jHdmdrh mej;s ia:dkfha ;j≥rg;a jHdmdr lghq;= is≥
fkdjk nj úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï úiska iy;sl l< hq;=h'
3'4 úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï úiska jHdmd˙l ia:dkh jid ±ófuka miq jHdmd˙l †k oyhla
we;=<; tu ia:dkh jid ±uQ †kh wOHlaI fj; ±kqï °u iy;sl l< hq;=h'
4' jHdmdr lghq;= 4'1 úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï úiska jHdmdr lghq;= ±kg mj;akd ia:dkh fjkia ls¯u i|yd
±kg mj;akd tu ia:dkh fjkia ls¯ug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk †kg wju jYfhka †k 45 lg fmr weuqKqu III ys
ia:dkh fjkia ,nd° we;s wdlD;shg wkqj wOHlaI fj;ska b,aÆï l< hq;=h'
ls¯u 4'2 úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ula mj;akd jHdmd˙l ia:dkh fjkia ls¯u i|yd wh≥ïm;la
b†˙m;a ls¯ug fmr ta i|yd tu iud.fï wOHlaI uKav,fha mQr®j wkque;sh ,nd ;sîu iy;sl l<
hq;=h'
4'3 úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ula mj;akd jHdmd˙l ia:dkh fjkia ls¯fuka miqj tu jHdmdrh
mej;s ia:dkfha ;j≥rg;a jHdmdr lghq;= is≥ fkdjk nj úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï úiska
iy;sl l< hq;=h'
5' wëlaIK we.hSu YdLd jHdma; ls¯fï jdr®Isl ie,eiau i,ld ne,Sfï °" uqo,a uKav,h úiska úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK
iy YdLd jHdma; iud.ïj, my; ±lafjk ksr®Kdhlhka ie,ls,a,g .kq ,efí'
ls¯fï jdr®Isl w' wjodkï l<ukdlrKh iy wdh;ksl hymd,kfha Yla;su;a nj·
ie,eiau wkqu; wd' uQ,H ;;a;ajh·
ls¯fï l%shdj,sh
we' m%d.aOk uÜgu yd m%udKd;aul;djh·

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III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

wE' j;alïj, .=Kd;aulNdjh iy fjkals¯ï$ydkslrKj, m%udKd;aul;djh·

b' øjYS,;d uÜgfï iajNdjh·
B' bmhqï m%jK;d iy wkd.; bmhqï wfmalaIdjka·
W' úplaIK kshduk fr.=,diSkag úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.u olajk wkql+,;djka ms<sn|
miq.sh jdr®;d·
W!' ;dlaIK iy l<ukdlrK f;dr;=re moaO;sfha fhda.H;dj·
t' mj;akd YdLdjkaj, ldr®hidOkh·
ta' fhda‚; YdLdjka u.ska ,nd fok uQ,H fiajdjkays mrdih· iy
T' fiajd iemhSug wfmalaIs; m%cdfjys myiqj iy wjYH;dj'
6' Kh idOk m;% YdLdj,ska muKla Kh idOk m;% ksl=;a ls¯u is≥ l< hq;=h'
ksl=;a ls¯us
7' jHdmdr ld,h Y%S ,xld jd◊c uKav,h m%ldY lrk ,o ksjdvq †khkaj, yer wka lsisu †kl ° úfYaIs; l,an≥
uQ,HlrK iud.ulg tys jHdmd˙l ia:dkhla wOHlaIf.a mQr®j wkque;shlska f;drj jHdmdr lghq;=
i|yd jeish fkdyel'
8' wr®: ksrEmKh fuu úOdkfhys·
w' §fjk;a fiajd ia:dk¶ hkafkka" fiajd uOHia:dk" Wlia uOHia:dk" tl;= ls¯fï uOHia:dk fyda
wOHlaI úiska ;SrKh lrkq ,nk fjk;a ´kEu fiajd ia:dkhla woyia fõ'
wd' §jHdmdr ia:dk¶ hkafkka YdLdjka iy fjk;a fiajd ia:dk woyia fõ'
we' §wOHlaI¶ hkafkka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=fõ
wOHlaI woyia fõ'
9' fmr úOdkhka 2010 wxl 3 ork l,an≥ uQ,HlrK ^YdLd$jHdmdr ia:dk újD; ls¯u$ia:dkh fjkia ls¯u$jeiSu&
wfydais ls¯u úOdkh fuu.ska wfydais flfr®'
hQ'mS' w,j;a;f.a
wOHlaI" nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k
wëlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
weuqKqu I
wh≥ïm; - kj YdLdjla újD; ls¯u
1 idudkH
1'1 úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.fï ku
1'2 fhda‚; újD; ls¯u i|yd wOHlaI uKav,fha wkque;sh ,nd.;a
†kh
1'3 iïnkaO lr .; yels mqoa.,hd
w ks,Od˙hdf.a ku
wd ;k;=r
we ≥rl:k
wE úoHq;a ;emE,
2 mj;akd YdLdj, iy fjk;a fiajd ia:dkj, ;;a;ajh ^wh≥ïm; b†˙m;a lrk †kg&
whs;uh niakdysr m<d; fjk;a m<d;a tl;=j
m%udKh ,dN$w,dN m%udKh ,dN$w,dN m%udKh ,dN$w,dN
re'ì,shk re'ì,shk re'ì,shk
2'1 YdLd
w' uqΩ YdLd .Kk
wd' uqΩ w,dN Wmhk YdLd .Kk
we' miq.sh jir 3 ;=< újD; lrk ,o uqΩ kj
YdLd .Kk
wE' miq.sh jir 3 ;=< újD; lrk ,o w,dN
Wmhk uqΩ kj YdLd .Kk
2'2 Wlia uOHia:dk

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2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

2'3 iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;%

w' YdLd m˙Y%fhys msysgd we;s
wd' fjk;a ia:dkj, msysgd we;s
2'4 fjk;a fiajd ia:dk
3 uQ,H f;dr;=re m%lafIamkhka ( lreKdlr fhda‚; YLd o we;=Ωj iud.fï fufyhqï lghq;=j, b†˙ jir ;=kl ld,h
i|yd uQ,H m%lafIamkhka b†˙m;a lrkak'
whs;uh jir 1 jir 2 jir 3
3'1 ia:r 1 wkqmd;h" ]
3'2 uqΩ m%d.aOk wkqmd;h" ]
3'3 o< wl%sh Kh wkqmd;h" ]
3'4 Y=oaO wl%sh Kh wkqmd;h" ]
3'5 iuia; Kh .ekSï" re' ì,shk
3'6 iuia; Kh iy w;a;sldrï" re' ì,shk
3'7 uQ,sl m%d.aOkh" re' ì,shk
3'8 iuia; m%d.aOk moku" re' ì,shk
3'9 ,dN iy w,dN" re' ì,shk
4 kj YdLdjka újD; ls¯u
4'1 fhda‚; kj YdLdjka .Kk
niakdysr m<d; fjk;a m<d;a uqΩ .Kk
4'2 kj YdLdjkaj, f;dr;=re" lreKdlr weuqKqu 1^w& m˙† fhda‚; YdLdjkaj, f;dr;=re fjka fjka jYfhka b†˙m;a
lrkak'
5 iy;sl ls¯u
iud.u fjkqfjka my; w;aika l< wh fj; wh≥ïm; b†˙m;a ls¯u i|yd n,h we;s w;r fuys imhd we;s f;dr;=re
uf.a ±kqu yd úYajdih wkqj i;H yd ksjer† fõ'
ku
;k;=r
w;aik
†kh
weuqKqu I ^w&
kj YdLdj ms<sn| f;dr;=re
1 idudkH
1'1 YdLdj úiska Ndú;d ls¯ug fhda‚; ldr®hd,Sh ku
b†˙m;a lrkak'
1'2 ia:dkh
w m˙md,k †ia;%slalh
wd Pkao fldÜGdYh
we k.rh
wE m<d;a md,k wêld˙h
b m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdYh
B ;eme,a ,smskh" ;sfí kï
2 fiajl wjYH;djhka
2'1 úOdhl fY%a◊h ,smslre iqΩ fiajl wdrlaIl uqΩ

2'2 fhda‚; YdLdfõ fiajlhska ms<sn| f;dr;=re Tjqkaf.a iq≥iqlï" w;a±lSï iy /lshd úia;rh we;=<;a lrñka b†˙m;a
lrkak' ^fuu f;dr;=re fjk;a weuqKqula u.ska b†˙m;a lrkak'&
3 uQ,H f;dr;=re - uq,a jir 3 i|yd tla tla jr®Ih wjidkhg YdLdfõ fufyhqï lghq;=j,g muKla w∞< m%lafIamkhka
b†˙m;a lrkak'

III fldgi - 128 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

whs;uh ^re' ñ,shk& jir 1 jir 2 jir 3

3'1 Kh .ekSï
3'2 Kh iy w;a;sldrï
3'3 fmd,S wd∞hu
3'4 fmd,S úhoï
3'5 fiajl úhoï
3'6 ,dN$^w,dN&
4' YdLdj msysgqùug fhda‚; ia:dkh wh;a m%dfoaYSh f,alï ldr®hd,h$m<d;a md,k wêld˙hg wh;a m%foaYh ;=< l%shd;aul
jk fjk;a uQ,H wdh;kj, f;dr;=re
whs;uh m%udKh
4'1 n,m;%,dNS nexl=$YdLd
4'2 n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï$YdLd
4'3 úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï$YdLd
4'4 †úke.=u m%cd uQ, nexl=
4'5 .%dóh nexl=
5 YdLdj msysgqùug fhda‚; ia:dkh wjg m%foaYh ;=< l%shd;aul jk fjk;a uQ,H wdh;k ^by; i|yka l< nexl=" uqo,a
iud.ï" l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.ï& j, f;dr;=re' ^wjg m%foaYh - fhda‚; YdLdj uyk.r iNdjl n, m%foaYh ;=< kï
ls'ó' 1 l ≥r m%udKh" fhda‚; YdLdj k.r iNdjl n, m%foaYh ;=< kï ls'ó'3 l ≥r m%udKh" fhda‚; YdLdj m%dfoaYSh
iNdjl n, m%foaYh ;=< kï ls'ó' 5 l ≥r m%udKh&
fhda‚; YdLdfõ
wdh;kfha ku isg ≥r m%udKh
^ls'ó'&

6 wdr®:ßl YlH;d jdr®;dj

ku (
;k;=r (
w;aik (
†kh (

weuqKqu II
jHdmdr ia:dkhla jid±óu i|yd wh≥ïm;
1 idudkH
1'1 úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.fï ku
1'2 jid ±óug fhda‚; jHdmdr ia:dkfha jr®.h (x)
YdLd Wlia fjk;a ^i|yka lrkak&
tl;= ls¯fï uOHia:dk fiajd uOHia:dk
1'3 fhda‚; jid ±óu i|yd wOHlaI uKav, wkque;sh ,nd.;a †kh
1'4 fhda‚; jid ±óu i|yd fya;=
2 ia:dkh
2'1 m˙md,k †ia;%slalh
2'2 Pkao fldÜGdYh
2'3 k.rh
2'4 m<d;a md,k wêld˙h
2'5 m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdYh
2'6 ;eme,a ,smskh
3 fhda‚; jid ±óu iïnkaO m%Odk f;dr;=re ^re' ñ,shk&
3'1 uqΩ j;alï
3'2 Kh iy w;a;sldrï

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 129

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

w' uQ,H l,an≥

wd' l=,S iskaklalr
we' Wlia
wE' laIqø uQ,H
b' fjk;a
3'3 fjk;a j;alï
3'4 Kh .ekSï
w' Kh idOk m;%
wd' fjk;a
3'5 fjk;a j.lSï
3'6 fiajlhka ixLHdj
4 jid ±óug fhda‚; jHdmdr ia:dkfha j;alï" j.lSï iy fiajlhka iïnkaOj .ekSug kshñ; l%shdudr®.hka úia;r
lrkak'

5 iy;sl ls¯u
iud.u fjkqfjka my; w;aika l< wh fj; wh≥ïm;a b†˙m;a ls¯u i|yd n,h we;s w;r fuys imhd we;s f;dr;=re
uf.a ±kqu yd úYajdih wkqj i;H yd ksjer† fõ'
ku
;k;=r
w;aik
†kh

weuqKqu III
jHdmdr ia:dkhla mj;sk ia:dkh fjkia ls¯u i|yd wh≥ïm;
1 idudkH
1'1 úfYaIs; l,an≥ uQ,HlrK iud.fï ku
1'2 ia:dkh fjkia ls¯ug fhda‚; jHdmdr ia:dkfha jr®.h (x)
YdLd Wlia fjk;a ^i|yka lrkak&
tl;= ls¯fï uOHia:dk fiajd uOHia:dk
1'3 fhda‚; ia:dkh fjkia ls¯u i|yd wOHlaI uKav, wkque;sh ,nd.;a †kh
1'4 jHdmdr ia:dkh fjkia ls¯u i|yd fya;=
2 ia:dkh
2'1 mj;sk ia:dkh
w' m˙md,k †ia;%slalh
wd' Pkao fldÜGdYh
we' k.rh
wE' m<d;a md,k wêld˙h
b' m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdYh
B' ;eme,a ,smskh
2'2 kj ia:dkh ^fhda‚;&
w' m˙md,k †ia;%slalh
wd' Pkao fldÜGdYh
we' k.rh
wE' m<d;a md,k wêld˙h
b' m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdYh
B' ;eme,a ,smskh
3 fhda‚; ia:dkh fjkia lss¯u iïnkaO m%Odk f;dr;=re ^re' ñ,shk&
3'1 uqΩ j;alï
3'2 Kh iy w;a;sldrï

III fldgi - 130 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

III fldgi 2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk

w' uQ,H l,an≥

wd' l=,S iskaklalr
we' Wlia
wE' laIqø uQ,H
b' fjk;a
3'3 fjk;a j;alï
3'4 uqΩ Kh .ekSï
3'5 fjk;a j.lSï
3'6 fiajlhka ixLHdj
4 iy;sl ls¯u
iud.u fjkqfjka my; w;aika l< wh fj; wh≥ïm;a b†˙m;a ls¯u i|yd n,h we;s w;r fuys imhd we;s f;dr;=re
uf.a ±kqu yd úYajdih wkqj i;H yd ksjer† fõ'
ku
;k;=r
w;aik
†kh

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016 III fldgi - 131

2016 jr®Ifha uqo,a uKav,h úiska Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,enQ m%Odk m˙md,k úêúOdk III fldgi

III fldgi - 132 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2016

 ixLHd f,aLk mßYsIagh
ixLHd igyka
wxl
1' cd;sl ksIamd†;h" úhou iy wdodhu 1 - 31

2' wdr®:ßl iy iudc há;, myiqlï 32 - 37

3' ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,odhs;dj 38 - 62

4' úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;

s 63 - 92

5' rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;

= 93 - 115

6' uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh 116 - 127

7' uQ,H wxYfha l%shdld˙;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj 128 - 146

 nr iy ñKqï
mßj¾;k idOl
ì%;dkH tAll i|yd fuá%la tAll
wlalr 1 } fylaghdr ^fy'& 0'405
rd;a;,a 1 } lsf,da .%Eï ^ls'.%E'& 0'454
†.= fgdka ^rd' 2"240& } fuá%la fgdka ^fu'fgd'& 1'016
fydKavr 1 } lsf,da .%Eï 50'802
ie;mqï 1 } lsf,da ógr® ^ls'ó'& 1'609
†.= fgdka ie;mqï 1 } fuá%la fgdka lsf,da ógr® 1'635
wlalrhlg rd;a;,a 1 } fylaghdrhg lsf,da .%Eï 1'121
wlalrhlg fydKavr } fylaghdrhg lsf,da .%Eï 125'536
mhskaÜ 1 } ,Sgr® 0'75
t'rd' .eÆï 1 } ,Sgr® 4'55

fuá%la tall i|yd ì%;dkH tAll

fylaghdr 1 } wlalr 2'471
lsf,da .%Eï 1 } rd;a;,a 2'205
fuá%la fgdka 1 ^lsf,da .%Eï 1"000& } †.= fgdka 0'984
ógr® 1 } wä 3'281
lsf,da ógr® 1 } ie;mqï 0'621
fuá%la fgdka lsf,da ógr® 1 } †.= fgdka ie;mqï 0'612
,Sgr® 1 } mhskaÜ 1'76 } t'rd'.e' 0'219
fylaghdrhg lsf,da .%Eï 1 } wlalrhg rd;a;,a 0'892

ù$iy,a mßj¾;k
ù nqi,a 1 ^rd;a;,a 46& } lsf,da .%Eï 20'87
ù fuá%la fgdka 1 } ù nqi,a 47'92
} iy,a fuá%la fgdka 0'7
iy,a fuá%la fgdka 1 } ù nqi,a 68'46
} ù fuá%la fgdka 1'43
wlalrhlg ù nqi,a 1 } fylaghdrhg ù lsf,da .%Eï 51'55

fmd,a$fmd,a ksIAmdok mßj¾;k

lmdmq fmd,a ^†is¢ fmd,a& fuá%la fgdka 1 } fmd,a f.ä 7"797
fmd,a f;,a fuá%la fgdka 1 } fmd,a f.ä 8"690
fldmamrd fuá%la fgdka 1 } fmd,a f.ä 5"230
Wl= l< fmd,a ls˙ fuá%la fgdka 1 } fmd,a f.ä 3"250
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 1 jeks ixLHd igyk
l¾udka; uQ,h wkqj o< cd;sl wdodhu ^mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj& ^w&
remsh,a ñ,shk
wdr®:ßl lghq;= 2012 2013 2014 ^wd& 2015 ^wd&^we& 2016 ^we&
lDIsl¾udka;h" jk j.dj yd ëjr l¾udka;h 650,510 735,382 829,577 894,780 890,659
1' OdkH j.dj ^ù yer& 14,196 17,592 18,454 20,383 19,863
2' ù j.dj 61,921 66,851 100,931 117,136 73,484
3' t<j¿ j.dj 58,219 69,065 73,091 90,525 89,251
4' Wla j.dj" ÿïfld< j.dj iy fjk;a nyqjd¾Isl fkdjk fNda. 2,623 3,263 3,431 2,774 3,171
5' m<;=re j.dj 40,185 44,839 45,697 55,252 63,557
6' f;,a iys; m<;=re fNda. j.dj ^fmd,a" ;eô,s iy Ths,a *dï j.dj& 59,795 74,654 79,820 95,573 70,860
7' f;a j.dj 76,362 90,921 91,533 75,746 82,321
8' fjk;a mdkSh fNda. j.djka ^fldams" fldfldajd wd§& 1,488 1,263 1,622 1,366 2,096
9' l=¿nvq" iqj| fok fNda." fnfy;a iy T!Iëh me<Eá j.dj 48,960 49,507 75,735 80,476 89,381
10' rn¾ j.dj 46,938 31,493 17,437 14,218 10,643
11' fjk;a nyqjd¾Isl fNda. j.dj 18,474 19,251 22,636 24,507 25,411
12' lsß" ì;a;r" uia iy fjk;a i;a;aj ksIamdokhka 28,956 40,334 57,284 65,458 88,836
13' me, fndalsÍu iy lDIsld¾ñl lghq;= i|yd jk wdOdrl ld¾hhka 10,504 11,166 12,110 13,808 14,414
14' jk j.dj" ±j yd jkdka;r wdY%s; ksIamdok 51,152 64,072 71,767 75,546 84,003
15' lrÈh ëjr l¾udka;h iy lrÈh c,Ôj j.dj 117,495 137,651 141,987 146,709 159,064
16' ñßÈh ëjr l¾udka;h iy ñßÈh c,Ôj j.dj 13,244 13,460 16,043 15,303 14,305
l¾udka; 2,630,766 2,797,328 2,931,998 2,991,106 3,208,476
17' m;,a yd leŒï l¾udka;h 213,318 245,382 254,392 249,056 315,067
18' wdydr" îu iy ÿïfld< ksIamdokh 798,849 801,748 759,354 851,869 858,954
19' frÈms<s" ksñ we÷ï" iï iy iï NdKav ksIamdokh 346,377 365,685 415,363 396,724 383,411
20' .DyNdKav yer ±j yd tA wdY%s; ksIamdok 23,397 27,365 22,269 27,947 26,879
21' lvodis yd tA wdY%s; ksIamdok" uqøK lghq;= iy oDYH yd Y%jK ;eá
kej; ksIamdokh 26,989 28,261 36,585 37,897 41,361
22' wÕ=re iy Lksc f;,a msßmyÿ lsÍfï ksIamdok 40,339 66,064 66,690 20,399 2,406
23' ridhk øjH iy tA wdY%s; ksIamdok" T!IO yd tA wdY%s; ksIamdok 54,254 62,740 74,134 70,385 84,870
24' rn¾ iy ma,diaála ksIamdok 85,188 74,995 77,754 80,133 96,811
25' f,dayuh fkdjk fjk;a Lksc ksIamdok 143,788 124,831 110,571 93,903 97,578
26' f,day iy tA wdY%s; ksIamdok 32,086 34,300 33,635 38,600 48,848
27' hkaf;%damlrK ksIamdok 33,735 34,584 33,421 41,758 46,804
28' .Dy NdKav ksIamdokh 59,516 57,966 78,967 82,639 84,434
29' fjk;a ksIamdok l¾udka;" hkaf;%damlrK w¨;ajeähdj yd iúlsÍu 53,300 44,553 49,971 56,669 64,823
30' úÿ,sh" .Eia" jdIam yd jdhq iólrK iemhSu 78,833 90,539 77,639 82,793 86,660
31' c,h tla/ia lsÍu" msßisÿ lsÍu iy fnodyeÍu 9,413 11,189 14,425 15,075 17,792
32' u,dmjyk lghq;=" li, l<ukdlrKh iy tu øjH m%;spl%ShlrKh 10,244 11,671 13,140 16,873 19,517
33' bÈlsÍï l¾udka;h iy tu fiajdjka 621,140 715,455 813,689 828,388 932,260
fiajdjka 4,858,292 5,406,544 5,895,618 6,270,028 6,743,346
34' f;d. yd is,a,r fj<|du 975,056 1,047,793 1,117,234 1,188,521 1,264,170
35' u.Ska yd NdKav m%jdyk fiajdjka iy .nvd myiqlï iemhSu 1,057,477 1,162,834 1,288,124 1,300,167 1,426,726
36' ;eme,a iy l=ßh¾ fiajdjka 4,517 4,695 4,821 5,001 4,890
37' kjd;eka iemhSu iy wdydrmdk iemhSfï fiajdjka 154,007 155,197 166,608 171,314 184,992
38' .=jkaúÿ,s iy rEmjdyskS úldYkh iy tu ksIamdok lghq;= 3,151 4,198 3,680 4,425 4,749
39' úÿ,s ixfoaY fiajdjka 33,257 41,986 44,733 57,222 68,316
40' mß.Kl jevigyka yd uDÿldx. ksIamdokh iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK fiajdjka 9,151 11,902 13,405 15,528 17,265
41' uQ,H yd uQ,H w;rueÈ fiajdjka iy tA wdY%s; fjk;a fiajdjka 282,003 308,810 340,727 346,447 405,572
42' rlaIKh" m%;srlaIKh iy úY%du wruqo,a l<ukdlrKh 79,534 81,712 92,938 102,251 120,973
43' ksjdi whs;sh iy foam< fj<|du 424,415 512,063 562,687 625,521 676,760
44' jD;a;Sh uh fiajdjka 178,781 198,873 210,966 197,212 198,198
45' rdcH mßmd,kh" cd;sl wdrlaIdj iy iudc wdrlaIKh 455,798 501,755 563,280 637,464 678,665
46' wOHdmkh 171,532 189,298 212,148 250,024 256,726
47' fi!LH" fkajdisl /ljrK fiajdjka iy iudc fiajdjka 191,255 198,796 210,304 257,008 265,962
48' fjk;a fm!oa.,sl fiajdjka 838,358 986,633 1,063,962 1,111,922 1,169,381
uQ,sl ñ, wkqj iuia; tl;= l< w.h 8,139,568 8,939,254 9,657,194 10,155,914 10,842,481
NdKav yd fiajd u; whflfrk nÿ ¡ iykdOdr 592,895 652,871 703,957 795,782 996,495
fj<`ofmd< ñ, wkqj o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h ^o'foa'ks'& 8,732,463 9,592,125 10,361,151 10,951,695 11,838,975
úfoaYSh Y=oaO m%d:ñl wdodhu -154,889 -226,086 -236,073 -281,337 ^wE& -332,758 ^wE&
fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj o< cd;sl wdodhu 8,577,574 9,366,039 10,125,078 10,670,358 11,506,217
^w&  ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih hgf;a uQ,h ( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
ksl=;a lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl
^wE& fuu w.h f.jqï fYaIfhys weia;fïka;=.; w.hkaj,ska fjkia jkqfha .Kkh
ls¯fï° we;sjk ld, mudj fya;=fjks'
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 2 jeks ixLHd igyk

l¾udka; uQ,h wkqj o< cd;sl wdodhu ^2010 ia:djr ñ, wkqj& ^w&
remsh,a ñ,shk
wdr®:ßl lghq;= 2012 2013 2014 ^wd& 2015 ^wd&^we& 2016 ^we&
lDIsl¾udka;h" jk j.dj yd ëjr l¾udka;h 592,443 611,676 639,696 670,106 641,943
1' OdkH j.dj ^ù yer& 12,521 14,307 13,969 14,982 13,410
2' ù j.dj 62,289 65,607 61,019 76,256 52,649
3' t<j¿ j.dj 51,244 54,153 55,244 56,714 55,522
4' Wla j.dj" ÿïfld< j.dj iy fjk;a nyqjd¾Isl fkdjk fNda. 2,254 2,441 2,287 1,944 2,205
5' m<;=re j.dj 38,248 37,385 40,888 48,033 46,258
6' f;,a iys; m<;=re fNda. j.dj ^fmd,a" ;eô,s iy Ths,a *dï j.dj& 62,201 53,424 64,158 67,504 67,074
7' f;a j.dj 72,100 74,734 73,936 71,978 63,893
8' fjk;a mdkSh fNda. j.djka ^fldams" fldfldajd wd§& 1,319 1,321 1,538 1,259 1,353
9' l=¿nvq" iqj| fok fNda." fnfy;a iy T!Iëh me<Eá j.dj 44,426 50,833 57,505 61,483 65,417
10' rn¾ j.dj 44,249 37,987 28,688 25,777 23,023
11' fjk;a nyqjd¾Isl fNda. j.dj 15,167 14,344 15,402 16,839 16,473
12' lsß" ì;a;r" uia iy fjk;a i;a;aj ksIamdokhka 29,511 36,599 47,950 51,811 55,060
13' me, fndalsÍu iy lDIsld¾ñl lghq;= i|yd jk wdOdrl ld¾hhka 9,105 9,183 9,767 10,421 9,936
14' jk j.dj" ±j yd jkdka;r wdY%s; ksIamdok 38,188 43,044 47,450 48,360 51,020
15' lrÈh ëjr l¾udka;h iy lrÈh c,Ôj j.dj 97,063 103,879 105,822 104,245 104,915
16' ñßÈh ëjr l¾udka;h iy ñßÈh c,Ôj j.dj 12,560 12,435 14,072 12,501 13,734
l¾udka; 2,035,601 2,119,080 2,218,711 2,264,673 2,416,276
17' m;,a yd leŒï l¾udka;h 184,468 198,447 201,613 191,112 218,545
18' wdydr" îu iy ÿïfld< ksIamdokh 507,121 507,127 513,960 532,936 519,815
19' frÈms<s" ksñ we÷ï" iï iy iï NdKav ksIamdokh 244,496 264,527 276,800 282,070 281,481
20' .DyNdKav yer ±j yd tA wdY%s; ksIamdok 23,472 25,258 23,139 26,239 30,311
21' lvodis yd tA wdY%s; ksIamdok" uqøK lghq;= iy oDYH yd Y%jK ;eá
kej; ksIamdokh 24,738 24,925 24,968 27,092 29,730
22' wÕ=re iy Lksc f;,a msßmyÿ lsÍfï ksIamdok 28,858 27,514 28,723 29,075 31,245
23' ridhk øjH iy tA wdY%s; ksIamdok" T!IO yd tA wdY%s; ksIamdok 75,582 81,982 82,243 82,303 85,623
24' rn¾ iy ma,diaála ksIamdok 83,307 82,187 71,909 76,446 90,119
25' f,dayuh fkdjk fjk;a Lksc ksIamdok 87,090 81,037 78,671 74,269 64,520
26' f,day iy tA wdY%s; ksIamdok 24,591 26,589 24,882 28,516 36,711
27' hkaf;%damlrK ksIamdok 30,849 30,845 32,064 38,838 44,300
28' .Dy NdKav ksIamdokh 63,922 67,488 82,748 93,529 96,684
29' fjk;a ksIamdok l¾udka;" hkaf;%damlrK w¨;ajeähdj yd iúlsÍu 41,962 44,443 55,993 68,380 72,922
30' úÿ,sh" .Eia" jdIam yd jdhq iólrK iemhSu 75,262 76,789 80,298 85,067 92,175
31' c,h tla/ia lsÍu" msßisÿ lsÍu iy fnodyeÍu 10,554 10,975 11,504 12,005 12,950
32' u,dmjyk lghq;=" li, l<ukdlrKh iy tu øjH m%;spl%ShlrKh 14,572 15,511 17,355 21,681 25,539
33' bÈlsÍï l¾udka;h iy tu fiajdjka 514,757 553,438 611,842 595,115 683,604
fiajdjka 4,245,461 4,405,644 4,618,501 4,883,444 5,087,452
34' f;d. yd is,a,r fj<|du 848,686 859,977 884,094 929,208 952,652
35' u.Ska yd NdKav m%jdyk fiajdjka iy .nvd myiqlï iemhSu 805,391 849,539 885,506 929,854 968,421
36' ;eme,a iy l=ßh¾ fiajdjka 4,441 4,364 4,056 4,052 4,259
37' kjd;eka iemhSu iy wdydrmdk iemhSfï fiajdjka 134,160 126,392 131,481 133,984 139,406
38' .=jkaúÿ,s iy rEmjdyskS úldYkh iy tu ksIamdok lghq;= 2,252 2,422 2,513 2,623 2,824
39' úÿ,s ixfoaY fiajdjka 26,450 27,395 30,986 34,125 36,967
40' mß.Kl jevigyka yd uDÿldx. ksIamdokh iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK fiajdjka 7,972 9,693 10,579 12,144 13,011
41' uQ,H yd uQ,H w;rueÈ fiajdjka iy tA wdY%s; fjk;a fiajdjka 364,688 386,009 420,223 492,642 553,826
42' rlaIKh" m%;srlaIKh iy úY%du wruqo,a l<ukdlrKh 69,026 70,854 74,978 81,960 88,962
43' ksjdi whs;sh iy foam< fj<|du 369,719 417,024 444,049 489,217 509,993
44' jD;a;Sh uh fiajdjka 155,741 161,963 166,486 154,239 149,382
45' rdcH mßmd,kh" cd;sl wdrlaIdj iy iudc wdrlaIKh 385,615 382,470 402,205 430,098 452,579
46' wOHdmkh 167,107 157,477 173,751 159,758 171,707
47' fi!LH" fkajdisl /ljrK fiajdjka iy iudc fiajdjka 173,898 146,551 147,962 159,901 162,243
48' fjk;a fm!oa.,sl fiajdjka 730,316 803,514 839,633 869,640 881,221
uQ,sl ñ, wkqj iuia; tl;= l< w.h 6,873,506 7,136,401 7,476,908 7,818,224 8,145,671
NdKav yd fiajd u; whflfrk nÿ ¡ iykdOdr 715,011 709,801 758,521 815,667 866,355
fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h ^o'foa'ks'& 7,588,517 7,846,202 8,235,429 8,633,890 9,012,026
úfoaYSh Y=oaO m%d:ñl wdodhu -134,946 -184,198 -186,344 -219,993 -250,805
fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj o< cd;sl wdodhu 7,453,571 7,662,004 8,049,085 8,413,897 8,761,221
^w&  ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih hgf;a ksl=;a uQ,h ( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 3 jeks ixLHd igyk
l¾udka; uQ,h wkqj o< cd;sl wdodhu ^w&
remsh,a ñ,shk

NdKav yd fiajd
u; mkjk ,o
ld,m˙Éf√oh lDIsldr®ñl ldr®ñl fiajd o'foa'ks' o'cd'wd'
iykdOdr wvq
lrk ,o nÿ
mj;akd fj<`ofmd< ñ,
2012 650,510 2,630,766 4,858,292 592,895 8,732,463 8,577,574
2013 735,382 2,797,328 5,406,544 652,871 9,592,125 9,366,039
2014 ^wd& 829,577 2,931,998 5,895,618 703,957 10,361,151 10,125,078
2015 ^wd& ^we& 894,780 2,991,106 6,270,028 795,782 10,951,695 10,670,358
2016 ^we& 890,659 3,208,476 6,743,346 996,495 11,838,975 11,506,217

2014 ^wd& m<uq ldr®;=j 186,118 784,954 1,380,248 153,912 2,505,232 2,442,280
fojk ldr®;=j 197,859 658,192 1,457,610 170,316 2,483,977 2,437,147
f;jk ldr®;=j 200,912 749,483 1,510,143 161,842 2,622,380 2,555,782
isõjk ldr®;=j 244,688 739,370 1,547,618 217,887 2,749,562 2,689,870

2015 ^wd& ^we& m<uq ldr®;=j 210,288 799,501 1,475,583 192,529 2,677,901 2,606,506
fojk ldr®;=j 217,571 686,759 1,548,989 221,537 2,674,857 2,624,825
f;jk ldr®;=j 214,137 750,916 1,579,829 229,296 2,774,178 2,708,066
isõjk ldr®;=j 252,783 753,930 1,665,627 152,420 2,824,760 2,730,962

2016 ^we& m<uq ldr®;=j ^wd& 210,319 867,748 1,563,655 254,307 2,896,030 2,815,976
fojk ldr®;=j ^wd& 222,962 715,784 1,637,375 288,969 2,865,091 2,801,057
f;jk ldr®;=j ^wd& 230,045 808,039 1,713,252 182,494 2,933,830 2,853,688
isõjk ldr®;=j 227,332 816,905 1,829,064 270,724 3,144,025 3,035,496

ia:djr ^2010& ñ,
2012 592,443 2,035,601 4,245,461 715,011 7,588,517 7,453,571
2013 611,676 2,119,080 4,405,644 709,801 7,846,202 7,662,004
2014 ^wd& 639,696 2,218,711 4,618,501 758,521 8,235,429 8,049,085
2015 ^wd& ^we& 670,106 2,264,673 4,883,444 815,667 8,633,890 8,413,897
2016 ^we& 641,943 2,416,276 5,087,452 866,355 9,012,026 8,761,221

2014 ^wd& m<uq ldr®;=j 155,221 593,726 1,059,946 84,963 1,893,856 1,843,553
fojk ldr®;=j 154,562 496,919 1,145,933 142,746 1,940,160 1,903,171
f;jk ldr®;=j 153,050 561,307 1,174,066 179,237 2,067,660 2,015,835
isõjk ldr®;=j 176,863 566,759 1,238,556 351,576 2,333,754 2,286,527

2015 ^wd& ^we& m<uq ldr®;=j 161,975 600,161 1,125,977 93,149 1,981,261 1,924,908
fojk ldr®;=j 168,255 520,807 1,227,868 159,364 2,076,295 2,036,757
f;jk ldr®;=j 162,158 570,862 1,250,853 192,287 2,176,161 2,124,522
isõjk ldr®;=j 177,718 572,843 1,278,746 370,866 2,400,173 2,327,710

2016 ^we& m<uq ldr®;=j ^wd& 161,662 655,053 1,167,216 98,614 2,082,544 2,020,559

fojk ldr®;=j ^wd& 158,606 531,144 1,271,838 164,261 2,125,848 2,077,556

f;jk ldr®;=j ^wd& 158,851 604,272 1,310,728 203,046 2,276,896 2,217,016

isõjk ldr®;=j 162,824 625,808 1,337,672 400,435 2,526,738 2,446,090

^w&  ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 4 jeks ixLHd igyk

l¾udka; uQ,h wkqj m<d;a o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h ^mj;akd fj<`ofmd, ñ, wkqj& ^2011-2015&
jr®Ih$m<d; niakdysr uOHu ol=K W;=r kef.kysr jhU W;=re ueo W!j inr.uqj tl;=j
o'foa'ks' ^re'ñ,shk&
2011 2,894,428 644,332 718,768 242,512 379,184 655,182 305,975 297,335 405,596 6,543,313
2012 3,243,854 775,580 834,287 277,828 478,401 760,148 379,243 361,975 467,238 7,578,554
2013 ^w& 4,049,310 1,003,984 967,872 324,340 544,370 1,045,953 489,622 499,534 667,140 9,592,125
2014 ^w& ^wd& 4,357,581 1,075,878 1,096,767 348,599 604,928 1,155,139 541,558 557,104 710,926 10,448,479
2015 ^w& ^we& 4,610,509 1,152,391 1,159,693 390,689 670,760 1,223,830 607,118 587,118 781,112 11,183,220

o'foa'ks' Þhl;ajh
^m%;sY;h&
2011 44.2 9.8 11.0 3.7 5.8 10.0 4.7 4.5 6.2 100.0
2012 42.8 10.2 11.0 3.7 6.3 10.0 5.0 4.8 6.2 100.0
2013 ^w& 42.2 10.5 10.1 3.4 5.7 10.9 5.1 5.2 7.0 100.0
2014 ^w& ^wd& 41.7 10.3 10.5 3.3 5.8 11.1 5.2 5.3 6.8 100.0
2015 ^w& ^we& 41.2 10.3 10.4 3.5 6.0 10.9 5.4 5.2 7.0 100.0

o'foa'ks' wd¾Ól wxY

wkqj ^re'ñ,shk&

2011
lDIsldr®ñl 92,191 113,969 111,892 58,423 61,056 110,318 70,248 84,822 88,841 791,761
ldr®ñl 966,704 179,054 212,983 47,275 109,015 194,302 74,013 67,339 105,973 1,956,658
fiajd 1,835,532 351,309 393,893 136,814 209,113 350,562 161,714 145,173 210,782 3,794,893
o'foa'ks' 2,894,428 644,332 718,768 242,512 379,184 655,182 305,975 297,335 405,596 6,543,313

2012
lDIsldr®ñl 93,187 117,963 114,187 59,911 85,452 111,772 74,009 94,581 82,414 833,477
ldr®ñl 1,135,586 224,035 287,881 49,467 150,339 230,931 98,046 80,391 131,565 2,388,241
fiajd 2,015,081 433,583 432,218 168,450 242,610 417,445 207,188 187,003 253,259 4,356,837
o'foa'ks' 3,243,854 775,580 834,287 277,828 478,401 760,148 379,243 361,975 467,238 7,578,554

2013 ^w& ^wd&

lDIsldr®ñl 87,427 95,261 120,275 47,918 68,055 113,526 60,451 70,030 72,438 735,382
ldr®ñl 1,420,948 234,143 229,387 61,274 166,192 301,476 104,018 124,486 155,403 2,797,328
fiajd 2,265,326 606,246 552,334 193,073 273,071 559,760 291,827 271,017 393,891 5,406,544
o'foa'ks' 4,049,310 1,003,984 967,872 324,340 544,370 1,045,953 489,622 499,534 667,140 9,592,125

2014 ^w& ^wd&

lDIsldr®ñl 88,819 117,768 158,549 47,577 78,141 124,260 72,452 79,863 66,461 833,889
ldr®ñl 1,473,137 233,654 254,738 65,246 192,632 342,214 112,341 140,219 172,019 2,986,199
fiajd 2,502,037 651,970 609,586 212,289 293,398 610,838 320,278 299,488 424,549 5,924,433
o'foa'ks' 4,357,581 1,075,878 1,096,767 348,599 604,928 1,155,139 541,558 557,104 710,926 10,448,479

2015 ^w& ^we&

lDIsldr®ñl 79,986 124,431 153,354 58,660 81,432 153,851 84,057 95,644 70,163 901,579
ldr®ñl 1,596,914 251,713 277,532 67,350 212,670 333,437 133,635 124,691 192,065 3,190,006
fiajd 2,605,532 694,245 646,286 236,878 328,927 649,456 346,225 325,004 463,300 6,295,853
o'foa'ks' 4,610,509 1,152,391 1,159,693 390,689 670,760 1,223,830 607,118 587,118 781,112 11,183,220
^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j o< foaYSh ksIamd†;h .Kkh ls¯fï mokï jr®Ih 2002 jifr® uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
isg 2010 jir olajd ixfYdaOkh lr we;' tuksid " 2013" 2014 yd 2015 hk jr®Ihkag wod< m<d;a o< foaYSh
ksIamd†;h .Kkh ls¯fï°" ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska m%ldYs;" 2010 mokï jr®Ih
f,i i,ld ilia l, o< foaYSh ksIamd†; weia;fïka;= mokï lrf.k we;'
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 5 jeks ixLHd igyk
iïm;a iy tajdfha Wmfhdackh ^w&
remsh,a ñ,shk

mj;akd fj<`ofmd< ñ, wkqj ia:djr ^2010& ñ, wkqj

YSr®Ih
2012 2013 2014 ^wd& 2015 ^wd&^we& 2016 ^we& 2012 2013 2014 ^wd& 2015 ^wd&^we& 2016 ^we&

w' iïm;a

o< foaYSh ksIamd†;h 8,732,463 9,592,125 10,361,151 10,951,695 11,838,975 7,588,517 7,846,202 8,235,429 8,633,890 9,012,026

NdKav iy fiajd wdkhk 2,766,060 2,775,711 3,021,531 3,125,931 3,442,490 2,135,750 2,103,077 2,304,271 2,548,455 2,749,649

tl;=j 11,498,523 12,367,836 13,382,682 14,077,626 15,281,466 9,724,267 9,949,279 10,539,700 11,182,345 11,761,675

wd' Wmfhdackh

m˙fNdackh 6,357,545 7,229,352 7,850,006 8,661,886 9,018,895 5,496,156 5,881,197 6,109,435 6,645,230 6,704,462

o< foaYSh ia:djr m%d.aOk iïmdokh 2,533,056 2,809,789 2,874,377 2,906,996 3,263,243 2,060,075 2,174,090 2,137,668 2,202,572 2,415,232

f;d.$m˙f,aLk fjkiaùï iy jákdfoa w;am;alr.ekSï iy w;ye¯u 877,454 379,536 473,260 207,678 460,633 788,611 423,024 758,928 729,395 1,048,121

NdKav iy fiajd wmkhk 1,730,467 1,949,158 2,185,039 2,301,065 2,538,695 1,379,424 1,470,967 1,533,668 1,605,147 1,593,861

tl;=j 11,498,523 12,367,836 13,382,682 14,077,626 15,281,466 9,724,267 9,949,279 10,539,700 11,182,345 11,761,675

^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ' uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& ixfYdaê; Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^we& ;djld,sl
 cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 6 jeks ixLHd igyk

mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj m%Odk ftlHhkaf.a ;=,kh ^w&

remsh,a ñ,shk

YSr®Ih 2012 2013 2014 ^wd& 2015 ^wd&^we& 2016 ^we&

1' o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h 8,732,463 9,592,125 10,361,151 10,951,695 11,838,975

tl;= l<d ( úfoaYSh m%d:ñl wd∞hï ,eîï 18,137 17,003 20,263 17,253 18,122 ^wE&

wvq l<d ( úfoaYSh m%d:ñl wd∞hï f.ùï 173,027 243,090 256,336 298,590 ^wE& 350,880 ^wE&

2' o< cd;sl wdodhu 8,577,574 9,366,039 10,125,078 10,670,358 11,506,217

tl;= l<d ( úfoaYSh cx.u ixl%du ,eîï 770,879 830,407 920,035 952,568 1,057,281

wvq l<d ( úfoaYSh cx.u ixl%du f.ùï 82,266 101,728 106,906 110,486 117,498

3' jehl< yels o< cd;sl wdodhu 9,266,187 10,094,717 10,938,207 11,512,440 12,445,999

wvq l<d ( wjidk m˙fNdackh 6,357,545 7,229,352 7,850,006 8,661,886 9,018,895

4' cd;sl b;=reï 2,908,642 2,865,365 3,088,201 2,850,554 3,427,104

tl;= l<d ( f.jqï fYaIfha cx.u .sKqfï ysÛh 501,869 323,961 259,437 264,121 296,771

5' o< foaYSh m%d.aOk iïmdokh 3,410,511 3,189,326 3,347,638 3,114,674 3,723,875
^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih hgf;a ksl=;a lrk uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=j
,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ' YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl
^wE& fuu w.h f.jqï fYaIfhys weia;fïka;=.; w.hkaj,ska fjkia jkqfha .Kkh ls¯fï°
we;sjk ld, mudj fya;=fjks'

cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 7 jeks ixLHd igyk

mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj o< foaYSh m%d.aOk iïmdokh ^w&

remsh,a ñ,shk

YSr®Ih 2012 2013 2014 ^wd& 2015 ^wd&^we& 2016 ^we&

o< foaYSh m%d.aOk iïmdokh
1' j;alï j¾.SlrKh wkqj o< foaYSh ia:djr m%d.aOk iïmdokh 2,533,056 2,809,789 2,874,377 2,906,996 3,263,243
1'1 b†ls¯ï 1,088,969 1,254,493 1,250,116 1,247,753 1,471,965
1'2 hka;%-iQ;% yd hqOuh wdïmkak 1,045,311 1,111,166 1,135,486 1,158,377 1,242,558
1'3 m%jdyk WmlrK 343,971 378,368 415,652 419,538 460,376
1'4 f;dr;=re ;dlaIK WmlrK 24,805 32,271 36,347 42,102 46,814
1'5 j.d l< ffcj úoHd;aul iïm;a 5,983 6,761 7,627 8,226 8,188
1'6 nqoaêuh foam< 24,018 26,732 29,150 31,001 33,341

2' f;d.$mßf,aLk fjkiaùï iy jákdfoa w;am;a lr.ekSï iy w;yeÍu 877,454 379,536 473,260 207,678 460,633

2'1 f;d.$m˙f,aLk fjkiaùï 800,232 305,057 428,615 170,608 373,245

2'2 jákdfoa w;am;a lr.ekSï iy w;ye¯u 77,222 74,479 44,646 37,071 87,388
tl;=j 3,410,511 3,189,326 3,347,638 3,114,674 3,723,875
^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih hgf;a ksl=;a uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 8 jeks ixLHd igyk

mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj fm!oa.,sl mßfNdack úhofï ixhq;sh ^w&

remsh,a ñ,shk
YSr®Ih 2012 2013 2014 ^wd& 2015 ^wd&^we& 2016 ^we&
1' wdydrmdk iy uOHidr fkdjk mdkSh øjH 1,493,620 1,705,716 1,796,837 2,127,378 2,235,797

2' uOHidr" ≥ïfld< ksIamdok iy fjk;a u;aøjH 111,240 121,724 132,665 146,364 170,838

3' we`≥ï-me<`≥ï iy mdjyka 239,493 280,409 275,522 296,754 244,095

4' ksjdi l=,S" c,h" ú≥,sh" .Eia iy wfkl=;a n,Yla;s Ndú;hka 587,210 688,512 749,919 836,083 915,743

5' .DyNdKav" .Dy WmlrK iy ffoksl ksjdi wΩ;ajeähdjka 92,229 82,313 90,709 91,619 108,165

6' fi!LHh 207,851 179,631 181,913 222,178 245,294

7' m%jdykh 1,208,047 1,353,718 1,548,476 1,665,526 1,719,303

8' ikaksfõokh 57,240 61,308 65,331 77,057 83,584

9' l%Svd" úfkdaodxY iy ixialD;sl lghq;= 81,666 73,558 89,919 129,944 117,247

10' wOHdmkh 104,542 105,562 123,691 123,327 121,109

11' fydag,a iy wdmkYd,d myiqlï 283,302 285,457 306,230 311,441 336,409

12' fjk;a ;ekl i`oyka fkdjk úúO NdKav yd fiajd ,nd .ekSu 1,263,922 1,608,264 1,767,442 1,855,407 1,989,135

13' Y%S ,dxlslhska tf;r° lrk úhoï 97,187 162,890 174,842 203,723 234,285

14' wvq l<d ( úfoaYslhska fuf;r° lrk úhoï 135,835 225,394 321,550 409,670 517,216

uq¿ fm!oa.,sl mßfNdack úhou 5,691,714 6,483,669 6,981,947 7,677,131 8,003,789

^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih hgf;a ksl=;a uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl

cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 9 jeks ixLHd igyk

mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj o< cd;sl wdodhu u; úhou ^w&
remsh,a ñ,shk

YSr®Ih 2012 2013 2014 ^wd& 2015 ^wd&^we& 2016 ^we&

1' m˙fNdack úhou 6,357,545 7,229,352 7,850,006 8,661,886 9,018,895

1'1 fm!oa.,sl 5,691,714 6,483,669 6,981,947 7,677,131 8,003,789

1'2 rch 665,831 745,684 868,059 984,755 1,015,107

2' o< foaYSh m%d.aOk iïmdokh 3,410,511 3,189,326 3,347,638 3,114,674 3,723,875

3' o< foaYSh úhou ^1›2& 9,768,056 10,418,678 11,197,644 11,776,561 12,742,771

4' NdKav iy fiajd wmkhk 1,730,467 1,949,158 2,185,039 2,301,065 2,538,695

5' NdKav iy fiajd wdkhk 2,766,060 2,775,711 3,021,531 3,125,931 3,442,490

6' o< foaYSh ksIamd†;h ^3›4-5& 8,732,463 9,592,125 10,361,151 10,951,695 11,838,975

7' úfoaYSh Y=oaO m%d:ñl wd∞hu -154,889 -226,086 -236,073 -281,337 ^wE& -332,758 ^wE&

8' o< cd;sl wdodhu ^6›7& 8,577,574 9,366,039 10,125,078 10,670,358 11,506,217
^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih hgf;a uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=j
ksl=;a lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ' YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl
^wE& fuu w.h f.jqï fYaIfhys weia;fïka;=.; w.hkaj,ska fjkia jkqfha .Kkh
ls¯fï° we;sjk ld, mudj fya;=fjks'
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 10 jeks ixLHd igyk
mj;akd fj<`ofmd< ñ, wkqj o< foaYSh úhou iy mj;akd iïm;a ^w&
2012 2013 2014 ^wd& 2015 ^wd&^we& 2016 ^we&

YSr®Ih

ñ,shk
ñ,shk

ñ,shk
ñ,shk

ñ,shk
remsh,a
remsh,a

remsh,a
remsh,a

remsh,a
jYfhka
jYfhkaa
jYfhka

jYfhka
jYfhka
o'cd'wd'ys
o'cd'wd'ys
o'cd'wd'ys

o'cd'wd'ys
o'cd'wd'ys
m%;sY;hla
m%;sY;hla
m%;sY;hla

m%;sY;hla
m%;sY;hla
1' m˙fNdack úhou - fm!oa.,sl 5,691,714 66.4 6,483,669 69.2 6,981,947 69.0 7,677,131 71.9 8,003,789 69.6

2' m˙fNdack úhou - rch 665,831 7.8 745,684 8.0 868,059 8.6 984,755 9.2 1,015,107 8.8

3' o< foaYSh m%d.aOk iïmdokh 3,410,511 39.8 3,189,326 34.1 3,347,638 33.1 3,114,674 29.2 3,723,875 32.4

4' o< foaYSh úhou 9,768,056 113.9 10,418,678 111.2 11,197,644 110.6 11,776,561 110.4 12,742,771 110.7

5' o< cd;sl wdodhu 8,577,574 100.0 9,366,039 100.0 10,125,078 100.0 10,670,358 100.0 11,506,217 100.0

6' ^5& YSr®Ihg jvd ^4& YSr®Ih jeäùu mshjkqfha 1,190,482 13.9 1,052,639 11.2 1,072,565 10.6 1,106,202 10.4 1,236,554 10.7

(i) úfoaYSh Y=oaO ksr®-wdfhdack 501,869 5.9 323,961 3.5 259,437 2.6 264,121 2.5 296,771 2.6

(ii) úfoaYSh Y=oaO cx.u ixl%du 688,613 8.0 728,678 7.8 813,128 8.0 842,082 7.9 939,782 8.2

^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o o'foa'ks' uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ' YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 11 jeks ixLHd igyk
wdfhdack iy b;sßlsÍï ^mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj& ^w&
remsh,a ñ,shk

YSr®Ih 2012 2013 2014 ^wd& 2015 ^wd&^we& 2016 ^we&

1' o< foaYSh ksIamd†;h 8,732,463 9,592,125 10,361,151 10,951,695 11,838,975

2' wdfhdack 3,410,511 3,189,326 3,347,638 3,114,674 3,723,875

3' fm!oa.,sl b;=reï 2,454,481 2,430,506 2,638,836 2,536,588 2,891,799

4' rdcH b;=reï -79,563 -67,733 -127,692 -246,779 -71,719

5' foaYSh b;=reï ^3›4& 2,374,918 2,362,773 2,511,145 2,289,809 2,820,080

6' úfoaYSh Y=oaO m%d:ñl wd∞hu -154,889 -226,086 -236,073 -281,337 ^wE& -332,758 ^wE&

7' úfoaYSh Y=oaO cx.u ixl%du 688,613 728,678 813,128 842,082 939,782

8' cd;sl b;=reï ^5›6›7& 2,908,642 2,865,365 3,088,201 2,850,554 3,427,104

9' wdfhdack wkqmd;h ^2" 1 ys m%;sY;hla jYfhka& 39.1 33.2 32.3 28.4 31.5

10' foaYSh b;=reï wkqmd;h ^5" 1 ys m%;sY;hla jYfhka& 27.2 24.6 24.2 20.9 23.8

11' cd;sl b;=reï wkqmd;h ^8" 1 ys m%;sY;hla jYfhka& 33.3 29.9 29.8 26.0 28.9

^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ' YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl
^wE& fuu w.h f.jqï fYaIfhys weia;fïka;=.; w.hkaj,ska fjkia jkqfha .Kkh ls¯fï°
we;sjk ld, mudj fya;=fjks'

cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 12 jeks ixLHd igyk

uQ¾; cd;sl wdodhu ^w&
remsh,a ñ,shk

YSr®Ih 2012 2013 2014 ^wd& 2015 ^wd&^we& 2016 ^we&

1' o< cd;sl wdodhu ^2010& ia:djr ñ, wkqj 7,453,571 7,662,004 8,049,085 8,413,897 8,761,221

2' my; i|yka wmkhkj,ska fj<| wkqmd;hg jQ n,mEï ^wE&

2'1 f;a -13,025 4,585 10,046 10,409 18,124

2'2 rnr® -1,491 -1,569 -1,585 -1,018 -1,241

2'3 f;je≤reï m%Odk fmd,a ksIamdos; -98 39 5,303 11,855 13,098

2'4 wfkl=;a -96,902 -73,873 -41,876 -18,755 18,773

tl;=j -111,516 -70,818 -28,112 2,491 48,754

3' uQr®; cd;sl wd∞hu ^2010& ia:djr ñ, wkqj ^1›2&  7,342,055 7,591,186 8,020,973 8,416,388 8,809,975

4' fmr jirg jvd fjkiaùu ^]& 8.2 3.4 5.7 4.9 4.7

^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih hgf;a uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
ksl=;a lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ' YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl
^wE& kj;u wdkhk iy wmkhk ñ, or®Ylhka ^2010}100& u; mokïj we;'
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 13 jeks ixLHd igyk
o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha wdodhï ixrpl ^w&
remsh,a ñ,shk

mj;akd fj<`ofmd< ñ, wkqj ia:djr ^2010& ñ, wkqj

whs;uh
2012 2013 2014 ^wd& 2015 ^wd&^we& 2016 ^we& 2012 2013 2014 ^wd& 2015 ^wd&^we& 2016 ^we&
1' fiajl wdodhï 2,272,091 2,551,513 2,786,394 3,091,308 3,315,064 2,008,874 2,089,513 2,194,755 2,371,730 2,504,866

2' o< fufyhqï w;s˙la;h 5,841,628 6,357,836 6,832,465 7,024,246 7,482,706 4,832,106 5,014,513 5,247,744 5,409,245 5,598,655

2'1 Y=oaO fufyhqï w;s˙la;h 4,710,315 5,051,310 5,392,946 5,502,205 5,903,633 3,865,637 3,973,801 4,142,805 4,260,137 4,433,766

2'2 ñY% wdodhu 565,050 644,982 681,589 719,410 761,394 495,968 529,634 529,404 549,669 565,187

2'3 ia:djr m%d.aOk m˙fNdackh 566,263 661,545 757,930 802,631 817,679 470,501 511,078 575,536 599,439 599,702

3' ksIamdok u; fjk;a n≥ ^wvql,d tu iykdOdr& 25,850 29,905 38,334 40,360 44,710 32,525 32,376 34,408 37,248 42,151

4' uQ,sl ñ,.Kka wkqj iuia; tl;= l< w.h 8,139,568 8,939,254 9,657,194 10,155,914 10,842,481 6,873,506 7,136,401 7,476,908 7,818,224 8,145,671

NdKav yd fiajd u; whflfrk n≥-iykdOdr  592,895 652,871 703,957 795,782 996,495 715,011 709,801 758,521 815,667 866,355

5' fj<`ofmd< ñ, wkqj o< foaYSh ksIamd†;h ^o'foa'ks'& 8,732,463 9,592,125 10,361,151 10,951,695 11,838,975 7,588,517 7,846,202 8,235,429 8,633,890 9,012,026

^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ' uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 14 jeks ixLHd igyk

m%Odk lDIsld¾ñl fNda.j, Wmk;s

YSr®Ih tallh 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&

1' f;a
1'1 ksIamdokh ^we& ls'.%E' ñ,shk 305.2 318.7 291.0 331.4 327.5 328.4 340.0 338.0 328.8 292.6
1'2 uqΩ j.d ìï m%udKh ^wE& fylaghdr oyia 222 222 222 222 222 222 222 203 203 203
1'3 oÆ leãu is≥lrk ìï m%udKh ^b& fylaghdr oyia 193 193 192 186 186 185 184 195 195 195
1'4 ksIamdok ms˙jeh ^B& re'$ls'.%E' 236.50 262.60 269.01 314.17 355.02 390.89 422.70 475.11 458.84 469.24
1'5 idudkH ñ,
fld<U fjkafoaish re'$ls'.%E' 279.01 301.63 360.80 371.54 360.68 392.40 445.83 459.01 401.46 473.15
wmkhk ^ke'ú'i'& re'$ls'.%E' 364.28 430.55 470.11 496.27 510.41 563.94 623.91 649.44 593.08 639.88
1'6 kej; j.d ls¯u ^b& fylaghdr 1,442 1,385 1,126 1,399 1,209 1,268 1,591 1,195 1,226 1,044
1'7 wÆ;ska j.d ls¯u ^b& fylaghdr 7 11 12 5 31 280 263 401 495 115

2' rn¾
2'1 ksIamdokh ls'.%E' ñ,shk 117.6 129.2 136.9 152.9 158.2 152.0 130.4 98.6 88.6 79.1
2'2 uqΩ j.d ìï m%udKh fylaghdr oyia 120 122 124 126 129 131 134 134 137 136
2'3 ls˙ lmk ,o ìï m%udKh fylaghdr oyia 94 94 95 98 101 104 105 111 108 93
2'4 idudkH M,∞j fylaghdrhg ls'.%E' 1,261 1,382 1,437 1,561 1,566 1,459 1,247 889 819 851
2'5 ksIamdok ms˙jeh re'$ls'.%E' 112.69 114.00 115.50 119.83 129.56 136.00 150.00 160.00 170.00 180.00
2'6 idudkH ñ,
fld<U fjkafoaish
^≥ï .eiQ ∞r ISÜ rnr® fkd' 1& re'$ls'.%E' 234.22 269.51 211.65 403.02 508.80 416.47 376.90 286.05 248.17 239.28
wmkhk ^ke'ú'i'& re'$ls'.%E' 234.48 278.39 202.30 377.54 535.40 420.74 389.81 362.83 342.03 294.33
2'7 kej; j.d ls¯u ^W& fylaghdr 5,192 6,105 1,002 5,941 3,050 2,161 2,024 2,096 621 591
2'8 wÆ;ska j.d ls¯u ^W& fylaghdr 2,034 2,436 715 1,413 3,004 2,476 2,979 1,428 769 592

3' fmd,a
3'1 ksIamdokh f.ä ñ,shk 2,869 2,909 2,853 2,584 2,808 2,940 2,513 2,,870 3,056 3,011
3'2 uqΩ j.d ìï m%udKh fylaghdr oyia 395 363 395 395 395 395 392 441 455 466
3'3 ksIamdok ms˙jeh f.ählg remsh,a 10.25 12.47 9.53 11.27 10.27 11.63 13.58 13.67 16.39 16.70
3'4 idudkH wmkhk ñ,
f.ähla remsh,a 16.26 23.46 18.23 24.64 39.15 28.80 29.36 39.08 54.54 41.16
^ke'ú'i'& ^W!&
3'5 kej; j.dj$há j.dj ^t& fylaghdr 2,528 2,468 3,545 2,684 1,517 4,299 4,541 5,796 4,919 5,000

3'6 wÆ;ska j.d ls¯u ^tA& fylaghdr 2,936 3,682 3,998 2,920 1,553 4,814 23,668 30,771 14,408 10,996

4' ù
4'1 ksIamdokh ^T& fuá%la fgdka oyia 3,131 3,875 3,652 4,301 3,894 3,846 4,621 3,381 4,819 4,420

4'2 jmqrk ,o ìï m%udKh ^T& fylaghdr oyia 816 1,053 978 1,065 1,223 1,067 1,227 964 1,254 1,114

4'3 wiajekak fk,d.;a ìï m%udKh ^T& fylaghdr oyia 714 925 842 950 981 883 1,067 793 1,088 1,011

4'4 idudkH M,∞j ^T& fylaghdrhg ls'.%E' 4,389 4,187 4,336 4,528 3,970 4,353 4,329 4,264 4,429 4,372
4'5 iy,a wdkhkh fuá%la fgdka oyia 88 84 52 126 28 36 23 600 286 30
4'6 fok ,o Kh m%udKh remsh,a ñ,shk 1,030 1,605 1,918 2,541 4,418 5,527 5,427 4,761 5,582 5,851
4'7 fmdfydr Ndú;h ^´& fuá%la fgdka oyia 389 602 423 490 453 412 363 272 341 202
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( YS% ,xld f;a uKav,h
^wd& ;djld,sl l=vd f;a j;= ixjr®Ok wêld˙h
^we& y˙; f;a we;=Ωj jeú,s lr®udka; wud;HxYh
^wE& 2005 ° ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska YS% ,xld l=vd f;a j;= ixjr®Ok wêld˙h iuÛ mj;ajk ,o ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
ix.Kkh u; mokïj f;a j.dj hgf;a we;s N+ñ m%udKh iy f;a oÆ leãu is≥ lrk ìï m%udKh ixfYdaOkh lr we;' rnr® ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j
^b& 2010 jifr® isg f;a oÆ leãu is≥ lrk ìï m%udKh" kej; j.d ls¯ï yd wÆ;ska j.d ls¯ï hk o;a; YS% ,xld uy nexl=j fmd,a j.d ls¯fï uKav,h
u`.ska is≥ lrk jeú,s iud.ï ióCIKh u; mokï fõ' fmd,a ixjr®Ok wêld˙h
^B& rdcH wxYfha j;= iy fm!oa.,sl j;= iud.ïj, ksIamdok ms˙jefhys nr ;nk ,o idudkHh fuhska ±lafõ' fuhg wuq oÆ jeú,s iud.ï
ksIamdolhskaf.a ,dNdka;sl o we;=<;a fõ' Y%S ,xld fr®.=j
^W& rnr® ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=fõ j.d iyk fhdackd l%uh hgf;a j.d lrk ,o ìï m%udKh wdjrKh fõ' YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^W!& m%Odk fmd,a uo ksIamdok ;=k i|yd mu◊'
^t& fmd,a j.d ls¯fï uKav,h úiska fokq ,nk j.d iykdOdr jevms<sfj< hgf;aa j.d lrk ìï muKla wdjrKh fõ'
^ta& 2005 isg 2012 olajd ld,m˙Éf√oh i`oyd fmd,a j.d ls¯fï uKav,h úiska fokq ,nk j.d iykdOdr jevms<sfj< hgf;a
j.d lrk ìï m%udK we;=,;a jk w;r 2013 - 2015 ld,m˙Éf√oh i`oyd kej; j.d lrkq ,enQ ìï m%udK fmd,a j.d ls¯fï
uKav,h úiska fn∞ y˙k ,o îc me, ixLHdj wkqj .Kkh lr we;' fuys° fmd,a îc me, 158 la i`oyd fylaghdr 1 la
hk wkqmd;h fhd∞ f.k we;'
^T& j.d jr®Ih u; mokï fõ'
^´& tf;la mej;s fmdfydr iykdOdrh fjkqjg 2016 h, lkakfha isg uQ,Huh m%∞khla ,ndfok ,°' tA wkqj 2016 h, lkakh
i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 6"286 la muK ,nd° we;s w;r 2016 jdr®Isl hgf;a olajd we;s w.h 2015$16 uy lkakh i|yd muKla
wod< fõ'
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 15 jeks ixLHd igyk
f;a" rn¾" fmd,a iy wfkl=;a lDIs wmkhk fNda. ksIamdokh
fNda.h tallh 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
1' f;a ^we&
my;rg ls'.%E' ñ,shk 180.4 185.3 173.0 196.2 196.7 202.1 208.2 210.0 202.4 183.6
ueorg "" 50.9 49.0 45.0 56.1 52.6 52.6 52.6 49.2 51.0 44.5
Wvrg "" 73.9 84.4 73.0 79.1 78.2 73.6 79.2 78.9 75.4 64.4
tl;=j "" 305.2 318.7 291.0 331.4 327.5 328.4 340.0 338.0 328.8 292.6
2' rn¾
ISÜ rnr® ls'.%E' ñ,shk 48.9 55.0 54.6 59.2 60.7 59.2 62.8 48.5 44.4 39.8
fl%ama rnr® "" 27.5 27.7 40.6 61.1 64.6 39.7 20.2 15.3 11.1 15.0
wfkl=;a "" 41.1 46.5 41.7 32.7 32.9 53.1 47.4 34.8 33.1 24.3
tl;=j "" 117.6 129.2 136.9 153.0 158.2 152.0 130.4 98.6 88.6 79.1
3' fmd,a
†is`† fmd,a ^wE& f.ä ñ,shk 337 294 292 225 364 325 228 393 326 399
fmd,a f;,a ^wE& "" 548 473 598 523 392 649 349 318 396 348
fldmamrd ^wE& "" 75 70 45 5 11 3 0.4 25 3 6
fmd,a f.ä "" 47 38 59 39 8 19 21 33 13 30
fmd,a lS%ï" msál< fmd,a ls˙ iy fmd,a ls˙ ^wE& "" 71 76 80 85 98 112 121 248 270 246
foaYSh fmd,a f.ä m˙fNdackh ^b& "" 1,900 1,798 1,816 1,836 1,855 1,873 1,826 1,830 1,874 1,787
tl;=j ^B& "" 2,869 2,909 2,762 2,584 2,808 2,940 2,513 2,870 3,056 3,011
4' wfkl=;a lDIs wmkhk fNda.
fldams fuá%la fgdka 2,979 3,081 3,125 3,164 2,974 3,000 3,000 2,674 2,639 2,824
fldfldajd "" 393 1,695 467 520 525 513 515 500 457 650
l=re∫ fmd;= "" 16,505 14,899 15,765 16,435 18,250 17,165 17,500 17,600 17,707 18,945
.ïñ˙ia "" 16,597 12,897 15,767 17,332 10,800 18,604 28,000 18,660 28,177 18,476
lrdnq keá "" 2,990 8,203 3,032 9,551 5,533 4,009 6,190 3,225 5,253 1,823
lrouqx.= "" 90 71 61 48 57 80 50 87 91 120
id†lald iy jidjdis "" 5,553 2,174 1,740 2,376 2,206 2,002 2,545 2,960 2,750 4,155
lcq uo "" 2,331 1,000 2,400 1,200 1,200 2,000 2,072 2,400 1,600 1,800
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( YS% ,xld f;a uKav,h
^wd& ;djld,sl rnr® ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j
^we& Wi wkqj f;a ìï jr®.SlrKh ( my;rg - uqyq≥ uÜgfï isg ógr® 610 olajd fmd,a ixjr®Ok wêld˙h
ueorg - uqyq≥ uÜgfï isg ógr® 610 - ógr® 1"220 w;r wmkhk lDIslr®u fomdr®;fïka;=j
Wvrg - uqyq≥ uÜgfuka ógr® 1"220 g by< Y%S ,xld lcq ixia:dj
^wE& f.ä m%udKh .Kka ne,Sfï° fhd∞.;a wkqmd;sl jeú,s lr®udka; wud;HxYh
lmdmq fmd,a fuá%la fgdka 1 f.ä 7"797 YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
fmd,af;,a fuá%la fgdka 1 f.ä 8"690
fldmamrd fuá%la fgdka 1 f.ä 5"230
msál< fmd,a ls˙ fuá%la fgdka 1 f.ä 14"000
fmd,a l%Sï fuá%la fgdka 1 f.ä 7"797
fmd,a ls˙ fuá%la fgdka 1 f.ä 3"250
^b& 1999 - 2011 ld,m˙Éf√oh i|yd tAl mQo.a , .Dy m˙fNdackh jirlg f.ä 95'52 la f,i weia;fïka;= lrk ,o w;r"
th 2012 jifr® isg jirlg f.ä 87'20 la f,i ixfYdaOkh lrk ,†' lr®udka; wxYfha m%fhdackhg fhdod.kakd
fmd,af.ä m%udKh fuhg we;=<;a fkdfõ'
^B& weia;fïka;=jls ^f;d. fjkiaùu i|yd .e,mSï lrk neúka YSr®Ij, tl;=j uqΩ ksIamdok yd fkdieif|a &'

cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 16 jeks ixLHd igyk

jd¾Isl j¾Idm;kh iy jeis Èk
1961 - 1990 1991 - 2010 2011 - 2014
2015 2016
ld,.=K úoHd jdr®Isl idudkH jdr®Isl idudkH jdr®Isl idudkH
uOHia:dk jI_dm;kh jeis †k jI_dm;kh jeis †k jI_dm;kh jeis †k jI_dm;kh jeis †k jI_dm;kh jeis
ñ'ó' ñ'ó' ñ'ó' ñ'ó' ñ'ó' †k
wkqrdOmqrh 1,285 89 1,269 97 1,843 107 2,221 131 1,035 76
nKavdrfj, 1,572 129 1,571 149 1,803 150 2,015 180 862 101
fld<U 2,424 146 2,389 162 2,216 177 2,948 208 2,357 133
yïnkaf;dg 1,050 87 1,020 101 1,093 109 1,316 118 666 74

lgq.iaf;dg 1,840 148 1,842 170 2,058 178 1,977 192 1,300 131

kqjrt<sh 1,905 163 1,855 193 1,872 197 2,021 207 1,138 154
r;akmqrh 3,749 205 3,688 223 3,774 228 3,463 236 2,833 204
;s%l=Kdu,h 1,580 86 1,476 87 1,590 106 2,030 110 996 73

ñ'ó' = ñ,s ógr uQ,h( ld,.=K úoHd fomdr®;fïka;=j

cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 17 jeks ixLHd igyk
Èia;s%lal wkqj ù j.d wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh ^w&
o< jYfhka jmqrk ,o ìï m%udKh ^fy- o< jYfhka wiajekak fk,d.;a
laghdr& ìï m%udKh ^fylaghdr& ksIamdokh ^fuá%la fgdka& fylaghdrhlg M,odj ^lsf,da .%Eï&
l,dmh yd
†ia;s%lalh uy h, uy h, uy 2015$2016 h, tl;=j uy 2015$2016 h,
2015$2016 2016 2015$2016 2016 2016 2016 2016
f;;a l,dmh
fld<U 2,896 402 2,888 398 8,381 869 9,250 3,414 2,567
.ïmy 9,989 1,903 9,983 1,875 32,661 4,308 36,969 3,849 2,703
lΩ;r 11,736 2,799 11,722 2,786 36,314 7,592 43,906 3,358 2,954
.d,a, 10,174 1,199 10,118 1,180 23,476 2,908 26,384 2,965 3,148
ud;r 12,100 6,404 11,848 6,334 37,932 18,597 56,529 4,055 3,719
lE.,a, 5,757 2,462 5,713 2,418 21,046 7,588 28,634 3,933 3,349
r;akmqrh 11,163 6,205 11,125 6,132 36,660 21,745 58,405 3,877 4,172
uykqjr 11,747 7,565 11,733 7,552 34,921 21,103 56,024 3,764 3,533
kqjrt<sh 4,866 2,017 4,866 2,015 10,365 3,744 14,109 3,779 3,297
n≥,a, 27,289 12,679 27,289 12,679 99,813 47,583 147,396 4,303 4,415
úh<s l,dmh
l=reKE., 80,778 50,190 80,625 49,356 333,062 174,599 507,661 4,131 3,537
mq;a;,u 20,090 14,150 19,570 13,569 66,466 37,850 104,316 3,996 3,282
ud;f,a 19,858 7,414 19,724 7,364 79,115 32,359 111,474 4,460 4,886
fudKrd., 37,683 9,405 37,656 9,384 140,855 40,121 180,976 3,817 4,363
hdmkh ^wd& 10,252 - 8,389 - 17,511 - 17,511 2,352 -
ls,sfkdÉÑh 24,168 2,442 24,168 2,442 84,913 9,452 94,365 3,959 4,360
ukakdru 18,698 2,416 18,664 2,000 89,079 7,949 97,028 4,999 4,162
uq,;sõ 16,046 5,344 13,415 5,344 45,851 21,666 67,517 3,622 4,297
jõkshdj 17,478 3,371 17,478 1,121 71,889 4,405 76,294 4,359 4,165
wkqrdOmqrh 96,254 38,701 95,865 38,223 365,988 131,995 497,983 4,748 4,295
fmdf<dkakrej 65,202 56,264 65,123 56,245 291,274 251,131 542,405 5,056 5,047
wïmdr 80,986 64,004 80,752 64,003 344,765 291,520 636,285 4,467 4,766
uvl,mqj 61,988 27,360 56,401 27,330 150,434 85,305 235,739 3,022 3,536
;s%l=Kdu,h 34,698 20,963 34,220 20,963 145,279 95,320 240,599 4,570 4,895
yïnkaf;dg 27,848 22,444 27,128 22,042 128,424 101,267 229,691 5,418 5,259
uyje,s §tɶ l,dmh 24,037 6,627 24,037 6,627 135,462 30,374 165,836 6,284 5,111
Wvj,fõ 12,224 10,588 12,224 10,588 70,757 66,042 136,799 5,907 6,365
YS% ,xldj 756,005 385,318 742,724 379,970 2,902,693 1,517,392 4,420,085 4,349 4,417
^w& j.d jr®Ih uy ^iema;eïnr®$Tlaf;danr® - udr®;=$wfm%a,a& iy h, ^wfm%a,a$uehs - wf.daia;=$iema;eïnr®& lkakj,ska hqla;h' uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& h, lkakfha j.d lr fkdue;'
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 18 jeks ixLHd igyk
ù ksIamdokh
uy h, tl;=j
jmqrk ,o ìï wiajekak ksIamdokh fylaghdrhlg jmqrk ,o wiajekak ksIamdokh fylaghdrhlg jmqrk ,o wiajekak ksIamdokh fylaghdrhlg
jr®Ih m%udKh fk<d.;a Y=oaO ^fuá%la M,∞j ìï m%udKh fk<d.;a Y=oaO ^fuá%la M,∞j ìï m%udKh fk<d.;aa Y=oaO ^fuá%la fgdka M,∞j
^fylaghdr ìï m%udKh fgdka oyia& ^lsf,da.%Eï& ^fylaghdr ìï m%udKh fgdka oyia& ^lsf,da.%Eï& ^fylaghdr ìï m%udKh oyia& ^lsf,da.%Eï&
oyia& ^fylaghdr oyia& ^w& oyia& ^fylaghdr oyia& ^w& oyia& ^fylaghdr oyia& ^wd&
2007 525 459 1,973 4,299 291 255 1,158 4,543 816 714 3,131 4,385
2008 582 508 2,125 4,181 471 417 1,750 4,195 1,053 925 3,875 4,189
2009 632 539 2,384 4,421 345 303 1,268 4,186 977 842 3,652 4,337
2010 646 574 2,630 4,583 419 376 1,671 4,444 1,065 950 4,301 4,527
2011 730 544 1,996 3,668 493 437 1,898 4,347 1,223 981 3,894 3,970
2012 702 611 2,717 4,444 365 272 1,129 4,145 1,067 883 3,846 4,353
2013 780 665 2,846 4,281 448 403 1,774 4,408 1,227 1,067 4,621 4,329
2014 651 521 2,236 4,222 313 272 1,145 4,204 964 793 3,381 4,264
2015 773 659 2,877 4,364 481 429 1,942 4,527 1,254 1,088 4,819 4,429
2016 ^we& 756 667 2,903 4,349 358 344 1,517 4,417 1,114 1,011 4,420 4,372
^w& wiajkq lemSfï° iólaIKhkaf.ka /ial< o;a; mokï fldg ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ilia lrk ,o ixLHd f;dr;=re Wmfhda.S lrf.k uy iy h, uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
lkak i|yd jQ fylaghdrhlg M,odj .Kkh lr we;'
^wd& uqΩ ksIamdokh wiajekak fk<d .kakd ,o Y=oaO ìï m%udKfhka fn°fuka fylagdrhlg jdr®Isl idudkH M,∞j .Kkh flfr®'
^we& ;djld,sl

cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 19 jeks ixLHd igyk

wfkl=;a fCIa;% fNda. wxYfhys ls%hdldß;ajh
j.dl< ìï m%udKh ^fylaghdr& ksIamdokh ^fuá%la fgdka oyia& weia;fïka;= l< idudkH M,∞j ^fylaghdrhlg fuá%la fgdka&
fNda.h
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w& 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w& 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w&
f,dl= ΩEKq 5,387 4,223 6,827 5,618 3,984 83.6 69.6 101.2 89.3 65.2 15.5 16.5 14.8 15.9 16.4
W∫ 10,842 11,138 11,226 12,305 11,159 10.2 9.2 9.7 11.9 11.2 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0
úh<s ñ˙ia ^wd& 14,728 14,437 13,978 13,029 15,267 15.4 17.8 17.9 15.7 18.1 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2
lõms 11,042 10,816 11,480 9,200 8,220 14.8 14.2 15.1 12.3 13.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.7
;, 15,557 17,146 14,524 17,841 14,044 12.4 14.2 14.2 13.3 14.9 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.7 1.1
uqxweg 9,755 11,147 11,840 11,346 11,302 12.0 14.3 14.4 15.1 14.5 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3
rglcq 11,609 15,198 14,326 17,716 19,975 22.0 27.5 25.4 28.5 24.2 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.2
l=rlalka 5,195 5,953 7,416 6,950 6,151 6.0 7.0 8.9 8.9 8.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4
nv b˙Û= 59,529 67,722 67,219 69,971 67,630 202.3 209.0 240.6 261.1 244.0 3.4 3.1 3.6 3.7 3.6
wr®;dm,a 4,648 5,138 5,365 5,496 5,754 72.2 78.8 82.4 97.4 95.8 15.5 15.3 15.4 17.7 16.7
r;= ΩEKq 6,132 4,606 4,872 4,873 4,994 74.0 55.6 63.0 61.2 63.7 12.1 12.1 12.9 12.6 12.8
fidahd fndaxÑ 1,517 7,929 4,112 6,383 6,301 1.7 13.4 6.8 11.3 7.9 1.1 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.3
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& wuqñ˙ia lsf,da.%Eï 4 lska" úh<s ñ˙ia lsf,da.%Euhla ,nd.; yel'
 20 jeks ixLHd igyk
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu
uyje,s ixj¾Ok jevms<sfj< hgf;a j.d l< bvï m%udKh
fylaghdr

2013$2014 2014 2014 2014$2015 2015 2015 2015$2016 2016 2016

YSr®Ih
uy h, tl;=j uy ^w& h, ^w& tl;=j ^w& uy ^wd& h, ^wd& tl;=j ^wd&

§î¶ l,dmh 20,876 11,210 32,087 20,843 19,676 40,519 20,198 19,497 39,695
ù 19,439 10,700 30,139 20,066 19,266 39,332 19,295 18,725 38,020
wfkl=;a fCIa;% fNda. 1,437 510 1,948 777 410 1,187 903 772 1,675

§iS¶ l,dmh 24,529 15,110 39,639 24,671 22,732 47,403 25,000 22,406 47,406
ù 22,029 11,961 33,990 22,936 21,964 44,900 23,310 21,394 44,704
wfkl=;a fCIa;% fNda. 2,500 3,149 5,649 1,735 768 2,503 1,690 1,012 2,702

§ã¶ l,dmh - 43 43 584 253 837 496 465 961

ù - 28 28 523 211 734 456 418 874
wfkl=;a fCIa;% fNda. - 15 15 61 42 103 40 47 87

§ „¶ l,dmh 5,203 2,728 7,931 7,209 5,326 12,535 5,695 4,087 9,782
ù 4,949 2,377 7,326 6,764 4,404 11,168 5,269 3,406 8,675
wfkl=;a fCIa;% fNda. 254 351 605 445 922 1,367 426 681 1,107

§tɶ l,dmh 27,541 11,248 38,789 26,220 25,091 51,311 25,147 11,669 36,816
ù 21,877 4,478 26,355 23,197 18,843 42,040 23,391 6,117 29,508
wfkl=;a fCIa;% fNda. 5,664 6,770 12,434 3,023 6,248 9,271 1,756 5,552 7,308

yqre¨jej 9,381 6,385 15,766 11,324 8,896 20,220 10,420 5,540 15,960
ù 8,179 1,714 9,893 9,973 5,464 15,437 9,144 2,080 11,224
wfkl=;a fCIa;% fNda. 1,202 4,671 5,873 1,351 3,432 4,783 1,276 3,460 4,736

§t,a¶ l,dmh 1,212 108 1,320 2,026 732 2,758 1,618 994 2,612
ù 655 60 715 1,500 545 2,045 1,273 876 2,149
wfkl=;a fCIa;% fNda. 557 48 605 526 187 713 345 118 463

Wvj,fõ 14,672 11,817 26,489 14,594 14,242 28,836 14,741 12,879 27,620
ù 11,811 10,281 22,092 12,378 12,426 24,804 12,199 10,607 22,806
wfkl=;a fCIa;% fNda. 2,861 1,536 4,397 2,216 1,816 4,032 2,542 2,272 4,814

rUleka Th - 206 206 1,594 361 1,955 2,162 497 2,659

ù - 88 88 230 180 410 398 270 668
wfkl=;a fCIa;% fNda. - 118 118 1,364 181 1,545 1,764 227 1,991

tl;=j 103,414 58,855 162,269 109,065 97,309 206,374 105,477 78,034 183,511
ù 88,939 41,687 130,626 97,567 83,303 182,870 94,735 63,893 158,628
wfkl=;a fCIa;% fNda. 14,475 17,168 31,643 11,498 14,006 25,504 10,742 14,141 24,883
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uyje,s wêld˙h
^wd& ;djld,sl

cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 21 jeks ixLHd igyk

iSks ksIamdok wxYh ms<sn| ixLHdk
YSr®Ih tallh 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
1' Wla j.d lrk ,o uqΩ ìï fylaghdr
7,544 7,294 7,320 7,360 6,992 9,208 11,801 12,608 12,135 11,784
m%udKh ^ks˙ j.dj we;=Ωj& ^we&
2' Wla o~q lmd.;a ìï m%udKh ^we& fylaghdr 6,185 6,271 6,200 5,988 6,024 7,034 9,329 11,045 9,005 11,729

3' lmd.;a Wla o~q m%udKh ^we& fuá%la fgdka oyia 264 348 287 272 290 348 534 576 572 653

4' fm!oa.,sl wxYfhka ñ,g .;a fuá%la fgdka oyia

119 160 138 140 172 112 144 204 190 216
Wla o~q m%udKh

5' wUrk ,o Wla o~q m%udKh fuá%la fgdka oyia 382 507 416 414 440 432 644 657 750 812

6' idudkH M,∞j ^we& fylaghdrhlg

48 56 47 50 45 54 67 75 89 83
fuá%la fgdka

7' ksIamdokh l< iSks m%udKh fuá%la fgdka oyia

29 39 32 31 35 36 53 52 56 62
^wmf;a hk iSks yer&
8' iSks ,nd.ekSfï wkqmd;h ^wE& ishhg 7.7 7.3 7.7 7.6 7.9 8.2 8.2 8.0 7.5 7.6
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( iSudiys; ,xld iSks iud.u - fijk.,
^wd& ;djld,sl iSudiys; ,xld iSks ^mqoa.,sl& iud.u - me,aj;a;
^we& flakaøSh j.djka iy ìï lÜálrejka i;= j.djka o we;=<;a fõ' iSudiys; .,aTh jeú,s ^mqoa.,sl& iud.u
ksIamdokh l< iSks m%udKh
^wE& iSks ,nd.ekSfï wkqmd;h } x 100
wUrk ,o Wla o~q m%udKh
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 22 jeks ixLHd igyk
jk iïm;a wxYh ms<sn| ixLHdk
YSr®Ih tallh 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
1' uqΩ jkdka;r m%udKh ^we& fylaghdr oyia 1,422 1,422 1,422 1,951 1,951 1,951 1,951 1,951 1,951 1,951

thska
>k jkdka;r fylaghdr oyia 1,046 1,046 1,046 1,438 1,438 1,438 1,438 1,438 1,438 1,438

,∫ le,E fylaghdr oyia 367 367 367 429 429 429 429 429 429 429

lfvd,dk fylaghdr oyia 8.8 8.8 8.8 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7

2' t<s lrk ,o jk ìï m%udKh ^wE& fylaghdr 873 744 877 873 888 816 1,513 1,611 423 781

3' kej; jk j.d ìï m%udKh ^b& fylaghdr 893 732 877 905 1,360 907 1,319 904 450 100

4' jdr®;d jQ jk kS;s W,a,x>kh ls¯ï ixLHdj 3,498 2,860 3,060 3,221 2,956 3,009 3,023 2,533 2,545 3,618

±j m%udKh >k ógr 2,516 2,607 4,104 2,075 2,374 1,708 2,302 10,598 2,512 2,579

±j jákdlu remsh,a ñ,shk 17.7 36.3 54.8 51.7 67.4 77.1 51.4 70.1 68.7 69.9
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( jk ixrlaIK fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& 2010 ,nd .kakd ,o pkaøsld PdhdrEm iy .=jfka° .kakd ,o PdhdrEm u; mokïj uqΩ jkdka;r
m%udKh .Kkh lr we;'
^wE& weia;fïka;= lrk ,o
^b& iyNd.S;Aj jk jHdmD;sj,g wh;a ìï m%udK we;=<;a fkdfõ'

cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 23 jeks ixLHd igyk

YS% ,xld wdfhdack uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o ld¾ñl wdfhdack
úfoaYSh wdfhdack uqΩ wdfhdack úNj;djh /lshd iemhSï
jHdmD;s ixLHdj úNj;djh ^remsh,a ñ,shk& ^remsh,a ñ,shk& úNj;djh ^ixLHd&
ldKavh wkqu; l< .súi.;a wkqu; l< .súi.;a wkqu; l< .súi.;a wkqu; l< .súi.;a
2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016
^w& ^wd& ^w& ^wd& ^w& ^wd& ^w& ^wd& ^w& ^wd& ^w& ^wd& ^w& ^wd& ^w& ^wd&
wdydr" mdk jr®. iy
≥ïfld< ksIamd†; 6 11 4 7 15,809 3,573 15,781 1,747 17,966 12,018 17,537 9,898 1,925 1,660 1,384 1,515
fr†ms<s" weÛÆï iy
iï ksIamd†; 13 9 7 7 1,404 1,662 1,143 1,653 5,614 4,404 2,030 4,869 6,020 2,703 3,711 3,144
±j yd ±j ksIma d†; - 3 - 3 - 4,725 - 4,725 - 6,854 - 6,854 - 1,225 - 1,225
lv∞is ksIamd†;"
m%isoaO ls¯u iy uqøKh
ls¯u - 2 - 1 - 77 - 77 - 1,385 - 86 - 91 - -
ridhksl øjH" Lksc
f;,a" .,a wÛ=re" rnr®
iy ma,diaála ksIamd†; 2 4 - 1 1,047 4,530 - - 1,511 12,133 - 354 325 1,082 - 48
f,day fkdjk Lksc
ksIamd†; 2 3 1 3 3,230 4,806 278 3,435 3,230 4,845 278 3,474 132 187 94 86
ilia l< f,day
ksIamd†;" hka;% iQ;%
iy m%jdyk WmlrK 6 6 2 3 5,783 3,522 32 1,144 10,537 7,026 3,738 2,389 565 756 174 379
ldr®ñl ksIamd†;
^wka ;ekl i|yka
fkdjQ& 12 11 5 10 24,799 10,439 399 20,916 33,256 14,469 6,034 24,725 2,115 1,430 624 1,771
fiajd 112 109 75 109 276,569 971,158 122,456 491,035 424,746 1,274,747 194,655 662,888 12,722 12,987 10,055 9,510
mqΩ,a lrk ,o
jHdmD;s 71 33 61 36 7,200 3,975 7,542 3,483 95,514 18,351 65,034 39,244 13,812 4,729 7,384 9,622
tl;=j 224 191 155 180 335,840 1,008,467 147,631 528,215 592,375 1,356,233 289,307 754,781 37,616 26,850 23,426 27,300

^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld wdfhdack uKav,h

^wd& ;djld,sl
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 24 jeks ixLHd igyk

YS% ,xld wdfhdack uKav,fha ,shdmÈxÑ jHjidhhka úiska oekg lr we;s wdfhdack ^w&
jHdmD;s ixLHdj úfoaY wdfhdack ^remsh,a ñ,shk& uqΩ wdfhdack ^remsh,a ñ,shk&
ldKavh 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
^wd& ^wd& ^wd&
wdydr" mdk jr®. iy
≥ïfld< ksIamd†; 140 132 131 130 127 35,720 35,858 40,374 44,353 51,574 60,382 63,238 72,409 84,423 97,979

fr†ms<s" weÛÆï iy iï
ksIamd†; 358 341 320 318 314 65,608 70,862 79,070 84,590 87,640 97,591 111,911 128,828 140,077 145,597

±j yd ±j ksIamd†; 29 26 26 27 24 9,469 9,212 9,149 9,466 9,735 11,333 10,871 10,731 10,677 11,551
lv∞is ksIamd†;" m%isoaO
ls¯u iy uqøKh ls¯u 29 28 30 29 27 4,819 5,170 9,306 9,615 9,985 6,234 6,624 11,719 12,156 12,687

ridhksl øjH" Lksc

f;,a" .,a wÛ=re" rnr® yd
ma,diaála ksIamd†; 138 128 132 133 125 50,240 61,305 69,581 78,244 91,253 67,894 78,977 92,381 101,563 114,039
f,day fkdjk Lksc
ksIamd†; 70 76 80 76 58 16,138 20,294 23,443 21,490 25,937 39,014 43,814 46,948 48,309 57,388

ilia l< f,day ksIamd†;"

hka;% iQ;% iy m%jdyk
WmlrK 90 87 88 84 82 20,302 20,691 21,283 25,819 27,515 28,407 29,367 30,201 41,214 43,336

ldr®ñl ksIamd†;
^wka ;ekl i|yka fkdjQ& 161 152 151 154 152 22,443 23,790 26,719 29,661 32,978 29,740 33,726 37,286 39,979 44,894

fiajd 1,030 1,027 993 1,038 1, 020 603,574 711,776 854,080 933,014 1,009,100 940,242 1,133,493 1,325,199 1,513,410 1,652,342

tl;=j 2,045 1,997 1,951 1,989 1, 929 828,313 958,958 1,133,006 1,236,251 1, 345,715 1,280,837 1,512,021 1,755,702 1,991,808 2,179,813

^w& jr®Ih wjidkfha° mej;s iuqÉÑ; ixLHd uQ,h( YS% ,xld wdfhdack uKav,h
^wd& ;djld,sl

cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 25 jeks ixLHd igyk

YS% ,xld wdfhdack uKav,fha ,shdmÈxÑ jHjidhhkays wdxYsl úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack ^w&
t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk

ldKavh 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^wd&

ksIamdok l¾udka; 307.7 359.8 333.9 257.0 247.7
wdydr" mdk j¾. iy ÿïfld< ksIAmdÈ; 75.9 49.7 44.7 42.7 49.5
frÈms<s" weÕ¨ï iy iï ksIamdÈ; 86.7 102.6 83.1 45.4 21.3
±j yd ±j ksIAmdÈ; 2.4 1.7 2.5 2.8 3.1
lvÞis" lvÞis ksIamdÈ;" uqøKh lsÍu iy m%isoaO lsÍu 4.0 2.1 36.3 2.2 3.1
ridhk øjH" Lksc f;,a" .,a wÕ=re" rn¾ iy ma,diaála ksIamdÈ; 59.2 114.4 91.9 75.4 99.5
f,day fkdjk Lksc ksIamdÈ; 17.7 45.2 29.7 13.7 31.2
ilia l< f,day" hka;% iQ;% iy m%jdyk WmlrK 38.8 17.0 7.0 46.1 11.9
ld¾ñl ksIamdÈ; ^wka ;ekl i|yka fkdjQ& 22.9 27.1 38.7 28.7 28.2
lDIsld¾ñl 7.2 8.5 5.7 3.9 1.9
fiajd 367.7 236.3 506.3 255.4 211.9
fydag,a iy wdmk Yd,d 117.3 67.9 68.4 181.9 141.3
f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh iy jHdmdr ls%hdj,s ndysr uQ,dY% fj; mejÍu 25.9 19.3 24.7 13.6 23.0
fjk;a fiajd 224.6 149.1 413.3 59.9 47.6
há;, myiqlï 596.6 786.8 682.5 453.4 339.5
ksjdi" foam< ixj¾Okh iy lvidmamq ld¾hd, 55.7 217.6 339.2 212.1 79.5
ÿrl:k yd úÿ,s ixfoaY cd, 242.1 359.8 152.5 138.8 243.6
n,Yla;s W;amdokh" bkaOk" .Eia" Lksc f;,a iy fjk;a 96.5 44.9 12.5 51.3 14.8
jrdh nyd¨ï m¾hka; 202.2 164.5 178.2 51.2 1.6
tl;=j 1,279.2 1,391.4 1,528.4 969.7 801.0
^w& wdfhdack uKav,fha ,shdmÈxÑ wdh;kj,g ,enqKq úfoaY Kh we;=<;a jk w;r wdfhdack uKav,hg wh;a uQ,h( Y%S ,xld wdfhdack uKav,h
fkdjk iud.ï fj; ,enqKq iy wdfhdack uKav,fha ,shdmÈxÑ fkdjQ fldgia fj<|fmdf,a ,ehsia;=.; iud.ïj,
Rcq wdfhdack we;=<;a fkdfõ'
^wd& ;djld,sl
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 26 jeks ixLHd igyk
l¾udka; wxYfha Odß;d Wmfhdackh ^w&
m%;sY;
ldKavh 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^wd& 2016 ^we&
1' wdydr ksIamd†; 74 82 80 79 76

2' mdk jr®. 83 74 82 88 77

3' ≥ïfld< ksIamd†; 94 90 82 89 86

4' fr†ms<s 64 69 70 75 75

5' weÛÆï 89 87 90 87 82

6' iï iy wdY%s; ksIamd†; 73 81 83 76 82

7' .Dy NdKav yer" ±j iy ±j ksIamd†; 75 75 75 83 93

8' lv∞is iy lvodis ksIamd†; 60 60 61 65 76

9' uqøKh iy ;eá msgm;a ls¯u 88 87 89 95 98

10' ms˙my≥ l< Lkscf;,a ksIamd†; 83 83 83 72 72

11' ridhk øjH iy ridhk øjH wdYs%; ksIamd†; 49 70 72 76 61

12' T!IO" T!Iëh ridhk øjH iy WoaNso úoHd;aul ksIamd†; 99 99 99 91 87

13' rnr® iy ma,diaála ksIamd†; 85 83 86 82 83

14' wfkl=;a f,day fkdjk Lksc ksIamd†; 87 79 77 73 84

15' uQ,sl f,day ksIamd†; 66 70 72 72 72

16' hkaf;%damlrK iy WmlrK yer" ilia l< f,day ksIamd†; 72 64 56 62 57

17' ú≥,s WmlrK 76 74 71 76 79

l¾udka; wxYfha idudkHh 80 81 81 81 78

^w& Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska udislj is≥lrk lr®udka;Yd,d ksIamdok iólaIKh hgf;aa we;s lr®udka;Yd,d fj;ska ,o uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
Od˙;d f;dr;=re u; mokï ù we;'
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl

cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 27 jeks ixLHd igyk

rdcH wxYfha f;dard.;a ld¾ñl jHjidhhkays fiajd kshqla;sh
mqoa.,hska ixLHdj

ixia:dj $ jHjidh 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&

1' iSudiys; ,xld ÆKq iud.u 1,203 1,132 1,400 1,285 1,452

2' rdcH ±j ixia:dj 2,187 2,139 2,186 2,145 2,125

3' iSudiys; cd;sl lv∞is iud.u ^we& 302 320 274 191 40

4' rdcH uqøK kS;s.; ixia:dj 680 708 705 694 752

5' YS% ,xld wdhqr®fõo T!IO ixia:dj 273 276 261 340 324

6' ,xld Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj ^wE& 5,945 5,684 5,779 5,578 5,716

7' iSudiys; ,xld Lksc je,s iud.u 600 635 636 847 685

8' iSudiys; ,xld fmdiafmaÜ iud.u 291 287 344 339 340

9' iSudiys; lyg.y .%eµhsÜ ,xld iud.u 125 120 110 123 116

10' Y%S ,xld rdcH T!IO kS;s.; ixia:dj 199 210 225 229 248

tl;=j 11,805 11,511 11,920 11,771 11,798

^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( w∞< wdh;k
^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& 2015 ckjd˙ isg iSudiys; cd;sl lvodis iud.fï ksIamdok lghq;= k;r lr we;'
^wE& iSudiys; isf,daka fmfg%da,shï iafgdafr®– gr®ñk,aia iud.fï fiajl ixLHdj o wka;r®.; fõ'
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 28 jeks ixLHd igyk
rdcH wxYfha f;dard.;a ld¾ñl jHjidhhkays ls%hdldß;ajh
2012 2013 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
ixia:dj$jHjidh iy ksIamd†; tallh
Od˙;dj ksIamdok úl=Kqï Od˙;dj ksIamdok úl=Kqï Od˙;dj ksIamdok úl=Kqï Od˙;dj ksIamdok úl=Kqï Od˙;dj ksIamdok úl=Kqï
1' iSudiys; ,xld ¨Kq iud.u
idudkH ÆKq fuá%la fgdka 80,000 63,861 59,801 80,000 36,920 34,171 65,000 102,018 48,189 80,000 29,243 71,226 80,000 106,063 59,948
2' rdcH ±j ixia:dj ^we&
>k ógr
brE ,S 7 5 243 7 4 182 6 4 185 5 4 214 6 4 235
Z000
l|ka "" 91 133 2,064 97 106 1,958 105 131 2,337 116 126 2,890 124 157 3,230
is,amr tall Z000 81 117 853 100 74 527 69 39 594 43 22 250 53 27 316
3' iSudiys; cd;sl lvodis iud.u ^wE&
lv∞is iy lv∞is ksIamd†; fuá%la fgdka 20,760 1,629 1,131 12,240 1,282 1,444 12,000 1,273 1,439 12,000 - 18 12,000 - 381
4' rdcH uqøK kS;s.; ixia:dj ^we&
msgq 80 wNHdi fmd;a ñ,shk 12 11 214 12 10 212 12 9 232 12 11 227 12 10 233
mdvï fmd;a "" 10 8 721 10 7 825 10 9 666 10 9 777 10 11 868
f,d;/hs m;a "" 290 256 295 243 295 245 380 372 430 427
259 295 441 282 318
jd◊c uqøK lghq;= tAll 1,000 721 1,000 718 1,000 618 1,200 872 1,200 947
5' YS% ,xld wdhq¾fõo T!IO ixia:dj
isrma iy f;,a ,Sgr ,e'fkd' 476,811 415,023 ,e'fkd' 390,326 380,806 579,425 395,068 374,826 615,333 403,124 398,918 390,160 317,871 302,623
fuá%la fgdka
wfkl=;a wdhqr®fõo T!IO ,e'fkd' 580 490 ,e'fkd' 74 111 122 62 60 138 70 77 96 61 53
Z000
6' ,xld Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj ^b&
iqms˙ fmg%,a$.efid,ska fuá%la fgdka 151,573 617,839 143,959 640,351 186,800 152,259 687,328 155,200 154,140 756,396 194,584 165,816 965,293

N+ñf;,a "" 74,840 125,545 57,297 126,123 115,000 65,195 121,776 91,500 75,228 129,641 111,200 104,244 136,930
kema;d "" 1,950,000 70,878 61,862 2,205,000 86,497 71,729 105,900 117,038 115,557 107,400 134,499 122,728 134,390 144,239 120,172
ãi,a "" 410,887 1,952,162 389,717 1,583,944 472,200 496,239 1,798,540 487,700 510,237 1,626,081 590,905 583,416 1,938,618
.=jka hdkd bkaOk "" 93,162 325,894 124,544 360,429 168,000 168,481 390,672 158,400 154,571 381,640 178,800 147,525 424,899
±ú f;,a "" 648,406 1,187,582 723,773 667,507 709,900 641,206 789,354 671,400 552,497 608,704 676,802 478,724 637,499
7' iSudiys; ,xld Lksc je,s iud.u
b,aukhsÜ iy tÉ'à' b,aukhsÜ fuá%la fgdka 70,675 44,707 25,120 150,000 42,685 36,306 66,000 32,972 26,000 50,970 39,439 46,166 50,825 17,457 34,047
rEghs,a "" 2,240 1,590 999 10,000 1,406 1,872 1,800 2,111 2,846 2,280 1,808 945 1,850 2,237 2,121
o< ir®fldaka$ir®®fldaka "" 540 293 499 6,000 228 1 600 1,335 1,403 1,535 614 664 600 4,117 12,500
8' iSudiys; ,xld fmdiafmaÜ iud.u
fmdiafmaÜ fuá%la fgdka 95,040 47,559 44,481 59,400 49,106 52,100 80,256 62,595 57,827 84,480 52,518 56,302 84,480 40,329 37,767
9' iSudiys; lyg.y .%e*hsÜ ,xld
iud.u
.%eµhsÜ fuá%la fgdka 1,200 1,018 538 1,000 848 793 1,200 565 609 900 718 493 835 799 464
10' Y%S ,xld rdcH T!IO kS;s.; ixia:dj
T!IO ^fm;s iy lr,a& ñ,shk 1,800 1,923 1,700 1,943 2,004 1,941 1,900 1,910 1,712 1,900 2,026 2,054 1,850 2,144 2,434
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( w∞< wdh;k
^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& rdcH ±j ixia:dfõ iy rdcH uqøK kS;s.; ixia:dfõ tla tla ksIamdokj, úlsKqï w.hhka remsh,a ñ,shkj,ska olajd we;'
^wE& 2015 ckjd˙ isg iSudiys; cd;sl lvodis iud.fï ksIamdok lghq;= k;r lr we;'
^b& ,xld Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dfõ Od˙;dj ms˙my≥ l%shdj,s i`oyd fhdok ,o fndrf;,a m%udKh u; mokï ù we;'
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 29 jeks ixLHd igyk
ld¾ñl jHjidhhkays m%dfoaYSh jHdma;sh ^w&
ixLHd
lr®udka; yd jdKsc lghq;= wdfhdack uKav,h hgf;a mj;akd lr®udka;
wud;HdxYh wdfhdack uKav, mkf;a wdfhdack uKav, mkf;a tl;=j ^we&
hgf;a ,shdm†xÑ jQ lr®udka; weÛÆï lïy,a 200 jevigyk
†ia;s%lalh 17 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a ^wd& ^we& 16 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
^wE& ^wE& ^wE& ^wE& ^wE&
1' fld<U 1,272 1,293 1,325 1,356 1,408 721 701 699 726 719 23 22 21 21 18 440 436 432 439 433 2,456 2,452 2,477 2,542 2,578

2' .ïmy 349 360 370 388 434 537 527 537 563 553 11 12 11 11 10 96 98 106 108 113 993 997 1,024 1,070 1,110

3' lΩ;r 107 108 110 124 134 129 127 132 144 148 10 9 10 9 6 27 27 27 26 28 273 271 279 303 316

4' .d,a, 37 37 37 41 46 67 70 73 78 80 7 7 6 6 5 55 58 60 64 66 166 172 176 189 197

5' mq;a;,u 38 40 51 48 61 73 76 82 86 86 6 5 5 5 3 13 11 12 13 12 130 132 150 152 162

6' uykqjr 78 82 87 88 94 62 63 63 71 71 6 6 6 5 5 24 27 27 29 30 170 178 183 193 200

7' l=reKE., 35 37 44 52 64 78 74 75 75 77 10 9 9 9 5 10 9 9 9 8 133 129 137 145 154

8' ud;r 39 40 41 45 46 19 18 20 22 24 2 2 2 2 1 9 10 9 7 7 69 70 72 76 78

9' yïnkaf;dg 15 15 15 15 16 20 20 22 29 31 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 7 7 7 44 45 49 55 58

10' kqjrt<sh 6 6 6 6 6 56 56 56 63 65 7 7 7 7 6 1 1 1 1 2 70 70 70 77 79

11' r;akmqrh 12 12 12 19 21 37 40 42 45 48 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 65 68 70 81 86

12' wkqrdOmqrh 9 10 13 14 14 15 20 20 21 21 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 30 35 38 40 40

13' n≥,a, 7 7 13 8 8 23 29 28 31 31 1 1 1 1 1 5 4 2 2 2 36 41 44 42 42

14' lE.,a, 15 16 18 19 21 37 37 40 43 43 5 5 5 5 5 2 3 4 4 4 59 61 67 71 73

15' ud;f,a 14 15 18 18 20 21 22 26 33 36 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 4 4 3 41 43 49 56 60

16' fudKrd., 2 2 2 2 3 8 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 2 - - - - - 11 12 12 12 14

17' fmdf<dkakrej 3 4 5 7 7 11 11 11 11 10 3 3 3 2 3 - - - - - 17 18 19 20 20

18' wïmdr 4 6 11 8 10 7 9 11 12 12 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 17 22 30 28 30

19' ;s%l=Kdu,h 3 3 4 5 5 14 20 21 24 23 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 21 27 27 31 30

20' uvl,mqj - 2 2 4 7 2 6 7 10 12 2 2 1 1 1 - - - - - 4 10 10 15 20

21' jjqkshdj - 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 4 5 - - - - - 1 2 2 2 2 3 7 7 8 9

22' hdmkh 2 3 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 6 - - - - - - - - - - 6 7 8 8 11

23' ukakdru 1 1 1 1 2 - - 1 2 2 - 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 5 6 6

24' ls,sfkdÉÑh - - 1 1 1 - 1 1 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2 5 5

25' uq,;sõ - - 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1

tl;=j 2,048 2,100 2,192 2,276 2,436 1,943 1,944 1,984 2,110 2,116 117 116 112 108 93 708 712 718 732 734 4,816 4,872 5,006 5,226 5,379

^w& jir wjidkfha meje;s ixLHd uQ,hkaa( lr®udka; yd jdKsc lghq;= wud;HdxYh
^wd& weÛÆï lïy,a 50 jevigyk hgf;a we;s lr®udka;Yd,d o we;=Ωj YS% ,xld wdfhdack uKav,h
^we& mqΩ,a lrk ,o jHdmD;s o we;=Ωj
^wE& ;djld,sl
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 30 jeks ixLHd igyk
m%Odk ksIamdok l¾udka; wxYhkays l¾udka;Yd,d ksIamdok o¾Ylh ^w&
2010}100

l¾udka;Yd,d ms˙my≥ l< ridhk øjH iy rnr® iy wfkl=;a

wdydr ≥ïfld< uQ,sl f,day ilia l< f,day
ld,m˙Éf√oh ksIamdok mdk jr®. weÛÆï Lksc f;,a ridhk øjH ma,diaála f,day fkdjk
o¾Ylh
ksIamd†; ksIamd†; ksIamd†; ksIamd†;
ksIamd†; wdYs%; ksIamd†; ksIamd†; Lksc ksIamd†;
2012 108.8 108.5 107.4 99.9 118.5 81.3 77.6 116.9 117.5 99.0 111.7
2013 108.3 105.3 102.4 96.7 124.9 83.4 74.1 118.2 103.2 102.4 111.2
2014 114.9 102.3 111.8 87.6 149.5 86.0 82.2 134.2 102.9 112.9 97.1
2015 ^wd& 125.4 107.3 123.1 95.4 173.4 82.6 88.3 131.3 118.8 115.0 109.8
2016 ^we& 122.0 103.9 106.6 92.4 169.2 84.3 77.4 138.5 132.0 148.0 72.9

2015 ^wd& m<uq ldr®;=j 123.2 106.0 128.7 96.5 173.3 58.5 78.4 131.7 114.4 108.9 94.6
fojk ldr®;=j 121.0 102.7 121.9 99.2 164.2 76.1 87.1 125.6 106.4 101.4 136.9
f;jk ldr®;=j 130.9 108.7 124.7 101.6 181.7 106.0 89.6 134.8 130.9 123.1 103.3
isõjk ldr®;=j 126.6 112.1 117.2 84.2 174.5 89.8 98.3 133.1 123.5 126.4 104.2

2016 ^we& m<uq ldr®;=j 122.5 105.3 122.5 93.6 169.6 96.4 55.0 136.7 133.4 157.6 73.9
fojk ldr®;=j 116.1 97.6 102.2 95.8 164.6 81.6 79.2 126.5 117.1 143.7 68.1
f;jk ldr®;=j 124.5 107.5 105.9 109.1 163.4 87.6 76.0 145.4 136.5 147.3 80.4
isõjk ldr®;=j 124.8 105.2 96.0 71.1 179.2 71.8 99.2 145.4 140.8 143.2 69.2

2015 ^wd& ckjd˙ 118.7 99.8 124.2 103.9 161.4 92.7 70.6 132.7 108.4 104.6 85.4
fmnrjd˙ 119.3 102.6 118.5 101.4 169.4 74.2 77.4 124.9 106.5 102.9 88.9
udr®;= 131.4 115.5 143.6 84.3 189.0 8.6 87.2 137.6 128.3 119.3 109.6
wfm%a,a 115.8 97.4 124.3 99.6 157.9 40.4 71.6 97.3 87.1 105.7 247.7
uehs 122.9 105.4 121.8 96.2 168.2 87.0 94.5 138.4 114.8 94.9 74.5
cQks 124.3 105.2 119.6 101.8 166.6 101.0 95.2 141.2 117.4 103.6 88.6
cQ,s 132.5 110.3 123.8 106.5 187.1 108.2 78.5 146.2 129.2 122.3 81.2
wf.daia;= 126.3 104.1 117.0 97.0 170.1 108.9 82.2 133.8 131.7 112.9 126.4
iema;eïnr® 133.7 111.7 133.4 101.2 188.0 101.0 108.0 124.6 131.7 134.2 102.2
Tlaf;danr® 130.7 115.7 130.9 93.4 175.5 102.0 94.8 131.3 131.9 138.8 100.9
fkdjeïnr® 123.9 112.4 117.1 69.6 172.2 98.1 87.1 137.2 116.2 132.8 90.5
foieïnr® 125.3 108.1 103.6 89.7 175.7 69.3 112.8 130.9 122.3 107.5 121.3

2016 ^we& ckjd˙ 117.0 102.6 106.6 88.1 165.6 103.8 38.5 132.9 132.7 164.4 56.5
fmnrjd˙ 116.4 98.9 109.8 91.4 167.9 90.2 38.9 128.3 127.5 136.6 71.4
udr®;= 134.1 114.4 151.0 101.1 175.3 95.1 87.5 148.9 140.1 171.8 93.9
wfm%a,a 102.6 88.2 111.5 85.7 147.7 64.3 64.0 94.3 108.5 134.1 46.3
uehs 119.9 97.6 99.6 107.5 169.7 81.9 79.3 137.6 121.7 155.7 66.5
cQks 125.8 106.9 95.5 94.3 176.2 98.5 94.5 147.5 121.0 141.3 91.6
cQ,s 124.6 104.0 102.0 107.0 164.5 94.4 85.3 152.4 132.8 123.9 84.2
wf.daia;= 125.5 110.2 105.2 112.2 164.3 81.2 73.3 147.2 139.1 164.9 64.3
iema;eïnr® 123.6 108.2 110.5 108.0 161.2 87.1 69.5 136.5 137.7 153.0 92.7
Tlaf;danr® 126.3 107.8 93.4 90.9 170.3 87.4 99.7 147.2 150.8 150.1 67.1
fkdjeïnr® 121.4 100.1 98.7 61.0 175.0 62.7 103.5 142.7 132.8 137.6 68.4
foieïnr® 126.6 107.6 95.7 61.3 192.4 65.3 94.3 146.3 138.8 141.9 72.0
^w& udisl lr®udka;Yd,d ksIamdok iólaIKh u; mokï ù we;s w;r th cd;Hka;r iïu; ldr®ñl jr®.SlrKh ^4 jk ixfYdaOkh& wkqj jr®.SlrKh lr we;' uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl
igyk ( ldr®ñl ksIamdok or®Ylh" lr®udka;Yd,d ksIamdok or®Ylh f,i 2013 jifr® ° kej; kï lrk ,°'
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h" úhou iy wdodhu 31 jeks ixLHd igyk

l¾udka;Yd,d ksIamdok o¾Ylh ^w&

2010}100
ldKavh 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^wd& 2016 ^we&
1' wdydr ksIamdÈ; 108.5 105.3 102.3 107.3 103.9
1'1 uia jr®. ieliSu 104.6 106.8 111.3 118.5 115.4
1'2 udΩ ieliSu 124.9 133.2 139.1 135.2 138.0
1'3 ls˙ ksIamd†; 104.5 91.3 90.0 102.1 101.5
1'4 OdkH ksIamd†;" msá jr®. 93.7 80.6 78.9 78.6 78.2
1'5 fjk;a wdydr ksIamd†; 107.8 113.6 106.8 110.9 107.6
fmdarKq ksIamd†; 111.7 114.4 109.1 123.1 123.6
iSks 102.4 132.6 97.4 130.9 160.8
rileú,s 85.2 89.2 100.9 105.5 110.6
jr®.SlrKh fkdl< fjk;a wdydr ksIamd†; 100.3 106.6 104.3 97.9 84.9
1'6 ilia l< i;a;aj wdydr 149.2 122.6 117.1 133.0 132.2
2' mdk j¾. 107.4 102.4 111.8 123.1 106.6
2'1 iamS%;= wdijkh" ms˙my≥ ls¯u iy ñY% ls¯u 97.4 94.3 102.1 107.8 78.6
2'2 isis,a îu" mdkSh iy fnda;,a l< c,h 131.5 118.4 133.2 157.4 164.9
3' ÿïfld< ksIamdÈ; 99.9 96.7 87.6 95.4 92.4
4' frÈms<s 113.9 128.5 132.9 131.0 134.4
5' weÕ¨ï 118.5 124.9 149.5 173.4 169.2
6' iï iy wdYs%; ksIamdÈ; 93.1 98.3 97.0 86.4 107.0
7' .Dy NdKav yer" ±j iy ±j ksIamdÈ; 98.4 114.6 108.9 121.7 129.0
8' lvÞis iy lvÞis ksIamdÈ; 98.8 123.4 126.6 126.6 126.6
9' uqøKh iy ;eá msgm;a lsÍu 106.3 110.3 112.4 112.4 112.4
10' msßmyÿ l< Lkscf;,a ksIamdÈ; 81.3 83.4 86.0 82.6 84.3
11' ridhk øjH iy ridhk øjH wdYs%; ksIamdÈ; 77.6 74.1 82.2 88.3 77.4
11'1 fmdfydr 57.7 56.5 59.6 60.0 42.5
11'2 fjk;a ridhk ksIamd†; 112.1 104.6 121.1 137.2 137.5
inka iy mú;%ldrl 112.1 103.4 122.3 127.5 108.7
fjk;a 108.9 100.6 105.7 89.0 108.5
12' T!IO" T!Iëh ridhk øjH yd WoaNso úoHd;aul ksIamdÈ; 138.8 185.1 142.8 142.2 145.4
13' rn¾ iy ma,diaála ksIamdÈ; 116.9 118.2 134.2 131.3 138.5
13'1 rnr® ksIamd†; 118.3 123.7 140.3 135.9 143.1
rnr® ghr® iy áhqí 122.5 128.6 149.6 143.4 148.9
fjk;a rnr® ksIamd†; 98.7 101.2 97.2 101.0 116.5
13'2 ma,diaála ksIamd†; 98.8 45.0 55.0 71.6 77.2
14' wfkl=;a f,day fkdjk Lksc ksIamdÈ; 117.5 103.2 102.9 118.8 132.0
14'1 ù≥re iy ù≥re ksIAmd†; 107.4 97.6 99.3 100.6 85.9
14'2 f,day fkdjk Lksc ksIamd†; 118.3 103.6 103.2 120.1 135.3
fmdaisf,aka iy msÛka ueá ksIamd†; 128.6 125.8 124.4 127.4 128.3
isfuka;s 118.9 108.6 108.3 131.1 153.9
TmuÜgï lr ksuejQ †huka;s 152.4 74.6 101.3 49.2 49.2
15' uQ,sl f,day 99.0 102.4 112.9 115.0 148.0
16' hkaf;%damlrK iy WmlrK yer" ilia l< f,day ksIamdÈ; 111.7 111.2 97.1 109.8 72.9
17' úÿ,s WmlrK 98.4 107.6 99.5 130.6 118.4
l¾udka;Yd,d ksIamdok o¾Ylh 108.8 108.3 114.9 125.4 122.0
^w& udisl lr®udka;Yd,d ksIamdok iólaIKh u; mokï ù we;s w;r th uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
cd;Hka;r iïu; ldr®ñl jr®.SlrKh ^4 jk ixfYdaOkh& wkqj jr®.SlrKh lr we;'
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl
igyk ( ldr®ñl ksIamdok or®Ylh" lr®udka;Yd,d ksIamdok or®Ylh f,i 2013 jifr® ° kej; kï lrk ,°'
wd¾Ól iy iudc há;, myiqlï 32 jeks ixLHd igyk
úÿ,s ixfoaY iy ;eme,a fiajd l%shdldß;ajh
YSr®Ih 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w&
úÿ,s ixfoaY fiajd

1' ia:djr ≥rl:k fiajd 2,742,059 3,446,411 3,435,958 3,534,575 3,608,392 3,449,391 2,706,787 2,709,848 2,601,196 2,550,432

/yeka iys; ≥rl:k ixLHdj 931,737 933,536 872,120 896,710 941,780 999,354 1,062,065 1,123,126 1,128,291 1,166,348

/yeka rys; ≥rl:k ixLHdj 1,810,322 2,512,875 2,563,838 2,637,865 2,666,612 2,450,037 ^wd& 1,644,722 ^we& 1,586,722 1,472,905 1,384,084

2' cx.u ≥rl:k ^.%dyl ixLHdj& 7,983,489 11,082,508 14,264,442 17,267,407 18,319,447 20,324,070 20,315,150 ^we& 22,123,000 24,384,544 26,227,631

≥rl:k >k;ajh ^wE& 53.60 71.87 86.55 100.72 105.07 116.40 111.87 119.56 128.71 135.73

3' wfkl=;a fiajd

fmd≥ ≥rl:k ^l=á ixLHdj& 8,526 7,417 7,378 6,958 6,458 6,983 6,773 6,642 5,809 5,301

wka;r®cd,h ^.%dyl ixLHdj& ^b& 202,348 234,000 240,000 502,000 844,749 1,365,655 2,009,456 3,396,295 4,090,920 4,920,554

;eme,a fiajd

1' ;eme,a fn°fï fldÜGdi .Kk 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729

2' ;eme,a ldr®hd, ixLHdj 4,737 4,737 4,738 4,742 4,742 4,738 4,628 4,692 4,692 4,691

rdcH wxYh 4,053 4,053 4,054 4,058 4,058 4,062 4,026 4,063 4,063 4,062

m%Odk ;eme,a ldr®hd, 641 643 643 648 648 651 651 653 653 652

Wm ;eme,a ldr®hd, 3,412 3,410 3,411 3,410 3,410 3,411 3,375 3,410 3,410 3,410

fm!oa.,sl 684 684 684 684 684 676 602 629 629 629

ksfhda‚; ;eme,a ldr®hd, 463 463 463 463 463 516 497 524 524 524

.%dóh ksfhda‚; ;eme,a ldr®hd, 156 156 156 156 156 156 101 101 101 101

j;= ksfhda‚; ;eme,a ldr®hd, 65 65 65 65 65 4 4 4 4 4

3' ;eme,a ldr®hd,hlska fiajdj ,nk m%foaYh ^j'ls'ó'& 14 14 14 14 14 13 14 13 13 14

4' ;eme,a ldr®hd,hlska fiajdj ,nk ck ixLHdj 4,252 4,311 4,316 4,355 4,401 4,311 4,447 4,427 4,468 4,520

5' tla mqoa.,fhl=g ,enqKq idudkH ,sms ixLHdj 23 21 20 18 12 15 13 18 18 18

^w& ;djld,sl uQ,hka( Y%S ,xld ú≥,s ixfoaY kshduk fldñIka iNdj
^wd& fiajd imhk wdh;k folla tAldnoaO ùfuka miq ixLHd jdr®;dj, mej;s úIu;d bj;a ls¯u ksid 2012 ° /yeka rys; ≥rl:k ixLHdj wvqúh' ;eme,a fomdr®;fïka;=j
^we& 2013 ckjd˙ ui ° ilS%h ≥rl:k iïnkaO;d ms<sn| jr®.SlrKh ixfYdaOkh ls¯u fya;=fjka 2013 ° /yeka rys; ≥rl:k ixLHdj yd cx.u ≥rl:k ixLHdj wvqúh' ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wE& cx.u ≥rl:k o we;=<;aj mqoa.,hka 100 lg we;s ≥rl:k ixLHdj f,i wr®: ±lafõ'
^b& 2010 jifr® isg cx.u wka;r®cd, iïnkaO;d we;=<;ah'
wd¾Ól iy iudc há;, myiqlï 33 jeks ixLHd igyk
n,Yla;s wxYfha l%shdldß;ajh
YSr®Ih tallh 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
1' úÿ,sn,h
ia:dms; Od˙;dj fu'fjd' 2,444 2,645 2,684 2,817 3,148 3,312 3,362 3,932 3,847 4,018
,x'ú'u' - c, ú≥,sn,h ¶ 1,207 1,207 1,207 1,207 1,207 1,357 1,361 1,377 1,377 1,384
øj bkaOk ^we& ¶ 548 548 548 548 554 554 564 544 604 604
.,a w`.=re ¶ - - - - 300 300 300 900 900 900
fjk;a ¶ 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
fm!oa.,sl - c, ú≥,sn,h ¶ 117 138 172 175 194 227 267 288 307 342
øj bkaOk ^wE& ¶ 567 737 742 842 842 784 771 671 511 611
fjk;a ¶ - 12 12 42 48 87 96 150 145 174
ckkh l< tall .s'fjd'me' 9,814 9,901 9,882 10,714 11,528 11,801 11,898 12,357 13,090 14,149
,x'ú'u' - c, ú≥,sn,h ¶ 3,603 3,700 3,356 4,988 4,018 2,727 5,990 3,632 4,904 3,481
øj bkaOk ^we& ¶ 2,336 2,083 2,091 1,394 1,494 2,029 1,283 1,696 1,050 2,297
.,a w`.=re ¶ - - - - 1,038 1,404 1,469 3,202 4,443 5,047
fjk;a ¶ 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 2
fm!oa.,sl - c, ú≥,sn,h ¶ 344 428 525 646 601 565 916 902 1,065 739
øj bkaOk ^wE& ¶ 3,528 3,680 3,883 3,601 4,253 4,906 1,977 2,610 1,225 2,164
fjk;a ¶ - 6 23 83 121 168 260 313 401 419
uqΩ wf,úh ^,x'ú'u& ¶ 8,276 8,417 8,441 9,268 10,024 10,475 10,621 11,063 11,786 12,785
.Dyia: yd wd.ñl ¶ 2,771 2,799 2,927 3,186 3,430 3,577 3,546 3,585 3,943 4,272
ldr®ñl ¶ 2,627 2,678 2,518 2,870 3,131 3,285 3,344 3,498 3,608 3,864
fmd≥ fiajd yd fydag,a ^b& ¶ 1,626 1,703 1,768 1,903 2,087 2,202 2,316 2,520 2,681 2,987
,xld ú≥,s fm!oa.,sl iud.u (LECO) ¶ 1,144 1,130 1,120 1,201 1,267 1,302 1,308 1,352 1,446 1,553
ù† wdf,dal ls¯u ¶ 108 108 108 108 109 109 108 108 108 109
2' n,Yla;s wdYs%; ksIamdÈ;
wdkhkh l< m%udKh
fndrf;,a fu'fgd' Z000 1,968 1,853 2,066 1,819 2,070 1,486 1,743 1,824 1,763 1,685
ms˙my≥ ksIamd†; ¶ 2,324 2,396 2,162 2,882 3,501 3,961 2,907 3,385 3,321 3,885
.,a wÛ=re ¶ 87 79 102 109 782 930 1,469 1,608 1,883 2,407
t,a'mS'.Eia ¶ 156 144 146 163 180 199 197 198 277 345
wdkhk jákdlu ^ñ'r'.e'&
fndrf;,a re' ñ,shk 113,584 143,159 111,715 120,180 183,056 157,758 182,064 187,760 100,578 86,969
t'c'fvd'ñ' 1,025 1,323 973 1,064 1,653 1,248 1,413 1,438 739 596
ms˙my≥ ksIamd†; re' ñ,shk 164,169 222,235 138,190 222,273 335,225 467,058 352,984 391,651 244,148 246,233
t'c'fvd'ñ' 1,483 2,055 1,202 1,965 3,033 3,674 2,734 3,000 1,802 1,688
.,a wÛ=re re' ñ,shk 819 1,446 1,101 1,356 12,109 15,381 20,882 20,739 21,613 28,692
t'c'fvd'ñ' 7 13 10 12 109 123 161 159 159 197
t,a'mS'.Eia re' ñ,shk 12,027 15,378 11,298 16,049 20,107 27,939 26,915 25,876 22,326 24,208
t'c'fvd'ñ' 111 142 98 142 182 219 208 198 164 166
fndrf;,a ner,hl re'$ner,a 7,979 10,494 7,343 8,985 12,027 14,416 14,151 13,646 7,459 6,757
idudkH ñ, ^ñ'r'.e'& t'c'fvd$ner,a 72.01 97.00 63.93 79.52 108.59 114.00 109.84 104.53 54.80 46.30
wmkhkh l< m%udKh fu'fgd' Z000 284 310 269 436 589 504 511 398 908 807
wmkhk jákdlu re' ñ,shk 18,791 27,553 15,447 29,761 61,170 58,902 55,128 44,132 50,461 41,794
t'c'fvd'ñ' 170 255 134 263 553 463 428 338 374 287
foaYSh wf,úh - ms˙my≥ ksIamd†; fu'fgd' Z000 3,965 3,700 3,919 3,872 4,608 4,811 3,982 4,404 4,124 4,937
bka" fmg%,a ^TlafÜkaa 92& ^B& ^W& ¶ 487 490 518 573 676 726 733 767 911 1,036
fmg%,a ^TlafÜkaa 95& ¶ 31 29 22 22 35 40 55 69 100 137
iq≥ ãi,a ¶ 1,752 1,606 1,681 1,663 1,985 2,054 1,705 1,947 1,779 2,125
iqms˙ ãi,a ^W!& ¶ 14 9 9 12 15 42 50 61 74 97
N+ñf;,a ¶ 168 151 151 165 169 143 126 122 130 137
oeúf;,a ¶ 986 999 1,110 1,117 1,222 1,322 827 915 630 817
.=jkahdkd bkaOk ¶ 199 189 229 158 315 327 360 391 382 425
kema;d ¶ 97 142 111 54 85 62 72 94 99 120
foaYSh wf,úh - t,a'mS'.Eia ¶ 197 174 170 187 205 211 218 232 293 356
foaYSh ñ, ^jr®Ih wjidkfha°&
fmg%,a ^TlafÜka 92& ^B& re'$,Sgr® 117.00 120.00 115.00 115.00 137.00 159.00 162.00 150.00 117.00 117.00
fmg%,a ^TlafÜka 95& ¶ 120.00 133.00 133.00 133.00 155.00 167.00 170.00 158.00 128.00 128.00
iq≥ ãi,a ¶ 75.00 70.00 73.00 73.00 84.00 115.00 121.00 111.00 95.00 95.00
iqms˙ ãi,a ¶ 80.30 85.30 88.30 88.30 106.30 142.00 145.00 133.00 110.00 110.00
N+ñf;,a ¶ 68.00 50.00 51.00 51.00 71.00 106.00 106.00 81.00 49.00 49.00
oeúf;,a
;;amr 500 ¶ 54.30 54.30 54.30 50.30 50.30 - - - - -
;;amr 800 ¶ 53.90 33.90 34.90 42.20 52.20 92.20 92.20 92.20 82.20 82.20
;;amr 1"000 ¶ 52.70 52.70 52.70 48.70 48.70 - - - - -
;;amr 1"500 ¶ 51.70 31.70 32.70 40.00 50.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 80.00 80.00
;;amr 3"500 ¶ 46.65 25.00 26.00 40.00 50.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 80.00 80.00
t,a'mS'.Eia
,sfg%da .Eia ^t& re'$ls'.%E' 105.04 142.80 124.01 132.16 163.68 179.68 191.68 151.68 107.68 105.68
,dµaaia .Eia ¶ 97.12 109.60 118.48 121.60 163.68 179.68 191.68 151.68 107.68 105.68
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( ,xld ú≥,sn, uKav,h
^wd& ;djld,sl ,xld Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj
^we& 2011 jifr® isg .,a w`.=re ú≥,sn, W;amdokh wdrïN ls¯u fya;=fjka 2011 jifr® isg o;a;" øj bkaOk ,xld furhska ir®úiia ^fm!oa.,sl& iud.u
yd .,a w`.=re ú≥,sn,h f,i fjkalr olajd we;' ,xld whs'´'iS' iud.u
^wE& iajdëk ú≥,sn, ksIamdolhkaf.ka ñ,° .;a ú≥,sn,h o we;=<;ah' ,sfg%da .Eia ,xld iud.u
^b& rdcH wxYh i|yd is≥l< wf,úh 2013 isg o;a;j,g we;=<;a fõ' ,dµaia .Eia iud.u
^B& 2014 olajd o;a; fmg%,a ^TlafÜka 90& i|yd w∞< fõ' YS% ,xld fr®.=j
^W& XtraPremium Euro 3 we;=<;aj YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^W!& XtraMile ãi,a we;=<;aj
^t& 2010 fkdjeïnr® 04 jk †k fI,a .Eia ,xld iud.fï 51] l b;s˙ fldgia m%udKh rch úiska ñ, °
.kakd ,°' miqj th ,sfg%da .Eia ,xld iud.u f,i kï lrk ,°'
wd¾Ól iy iudc há;, myiqlï 34 jeks ixLHd igyk
m%jdyk wxYfha l%shdldß;ajh
YSSr®Ih tall 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
1' fudag¾ r: kj ,shdmÈxÑ lsÍï ixLHdj 297,892 265,199 204,075 359,243 525,421 397,295 326,651 429,556 668,907 493,328
1'1 nia r: "" 2,637 1,180 739 2,491 4,248 3,095 1,805 3,851 4,140 2,685
1'2 fudagr® r: "" 22,603 20,237 5,762 23,072 57,886 31,546 28,380 38,780 105,628 45,172
1'3 ;S% frdao r: "" 43,068 44,804 37,364 85,648 138,426 98,815 83,673 79,038 129,547 56,945
1'4 oaú;aj ldr®h jdyk "" 5,193 2,856 1,280 11,712 33,518 37,397 24,603 20,799 39,456 26,887
1'5 h;=re me† "" 182,508 155,952 135,421 204,811 253,331 192,284 169,280 272,885 370,889 340,129
1'6 NdKav m%jdyk jdyk "" 18,408 14,038 8,225 11,845 14,818 12,266 5,872 5,121 7,142 7,563
1'7 bvï jdyk "" 23,475 26,132 15,284 19,664 23,194 21,892 13,038 9,082 12,105 13,947

2' Y%S ,xld ÿïßh fiajh

2'1 Odjk lsf,daógr® oyia 9,560 9,219 9,545 9,790 10,030 10,367 10,924 11,075 11,797 12,102
2'2 u.S lsf,daógr® ñ,shk 4,769 4,669 4,568 4,353 4,574 5,039 6,257 6,842 7,407 7,413
2'3 NdKav fgdka lsf,daógr® "" 133 121 113 163 154 142 133 130 130 140
2'4 uqΩ wdodhu re' ñ,shk 2,999 3,671 4,020 4,018 4,235 4,852 5,423 5,909 6,335 6,623
2'5 fufyhqï úhou "" 7,297 8,225 8,788 7,191 8,295 8,648 10,586 16,943 14,049 13,396
2'6 fufyhqï w,dNh "" 4,298 4,553 4,768 3,173 4,060 3,796 5,163 11,034 7,714 6,773

3' Y%S ,xld .ukd.uk uKav,h

3'1 Odjk lsf,daógr® ñ,shk 305 313 332 341 341 338 344 371 440 452
3'2 u.S lsf,daógr® ^we& "" 14,694 15,080 11,233 11,815 11,907 11,909 12,201 12,717 15,210 16,144
3'3 uqΩ wdodhu ^wE& re' ñ,shk 14,687 14,361 13,979 21,560 21,019 26,313 30,189 33,665 35,825 40,928
3'4 fufyhqï úhou "" 16,999 20,622 22,005 22,387 24,326 30,122 33,684 35,527 40,555 42,004

3'5 fufyhqï w,dNh "" 2,312 6,261 8,026 827 3,307 3,809 3,496 1,862 4,730 1,076

4' Y%S,xlka .=jka fiajh

4'1 mshdir lrk ,o meh .Kk meh 69,184 67,796 54,228 62,694 74,886 93,922 95,238 97,319 96,494 96,225
4'2 u.S lsf,daógr® m%udKh ñ,shk 9,841 9,169 7,851 9,400 10,677 12,790 12,988 12,719 12,747 12,855
4'3 u.Ska megùfï wkqmd;h ] 79 74 76 78 78 81 82 80 80 81
4'4 nr megùfï wkqmd;h ] 60 59 58 55 55 53 52 51 50 56
4'5 NdKav m%jdykh fu'fgd' Z000 98 87 69 83 90 98 100 96 103 108
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( fudagr® r: m%jdyk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& ;djld,sl Y%S ,xld ≥ï˙h fiajh
^we& o;a; ,nd.kakd uQ,h cd;sl .ukd.uk fldñIka iNdfõ isg Y%S ,xld .ukd.uk uKav,h olajd fjkia ls¯u fya;=fjka 2009 isg o;a; ixfYdaOkh lr we;' cd;sl .ukd.uk fldñIka iNdj
^wE& isiqie˙h" ksisie˙h" jdr m%fõY m;% jeks wfkl=;a fiajd i|yd m%;smQrKh l< uqo,a we;=Ω wfkl=;a wdodhï" 2009 olajd YS% ,x'.'u' uqΩ wdodhug we;=<;a ù fkdue;' YS% ,xld .ukd.uk uKav,h
Y%S ,xld isú,a .=jka fiajd wêld˙h
wd¾Ól iy iudc há;, myiqlï 35 jeks ixLHd igyk
jrdh fiajd l%shdldß;ajh
YSSr®Ih 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w&

1' meñ◊ keõ ixLHdj 4,710 4,814 4,456 4,067 4,332 4,134 3,976 4,264 4,728 4,998

fld<U 4,326 4,424 4,114 3,910 4,124 3,870 3,667 3,742 4,197 4,405

.d,a, 87 68 32 48 73 69 36 60 72 96

;s%l=Kdu,h 297 322 310 109 126 161 134 127 164 216

yïnkaf;dg - - - - 9 34 139 335 295 281

2' fufyhjk ,o NdKav m%udKh ^fu'fgd' '000& 46,344 50,582 48,778 61,240 65,069 64,970 66,243 74,410 77,579 86,519

fld<U 43,502 47,960 46,373 58,768 62,016 61,669 63,482 70,794 73,718 81,879

.d,a, 627 459 167 318 464 422 207 394 542 771

;s%l=Kdu,h 2,215 2,163 2,238 2,154 2,574 2,859 2,435 2,748 3,027 3,514

yïnkaf;dg - - - - 15 20 119 474 293 355

3' nyÆ fufyhqï m%udKh (TEUs ’000) ^wd& 3,381 3,687 3,464 4,137 4,263 4,187 4,306 4,908 5,185 5,735

4' nyÆ m%;skeõ.; ls¯ï (TEUs ’000) ^wd& 2,578 2,785 2,712 3,205 3,216 3,167 3,274 3,781 3,967 4,435

5' uqΩ wd∞hu ^Y%S ,x'j'w'& ^re' ñ,shk& ^we& 25,913 25,142 23,331 28,279 30,377 37,120 35,200 36,776 40,164 42,994

6' fufyhqï ms˙jeh ^Y%S ,x'j'w'& ^re' ñ,shk& ^we& 22,415 22,201 21,390 23,892 29,380 31,153 30,665 24,930 30,985 28,660

7' fiajl ixLHdj ^Y%S ,x'j'w'& 13,667 13,715 13,367 12,828 11,008 10,200 9,886 9,598 9,550 9,651

fld<U 12,470 12,548 12,263 11,681 10,059 9,325 9,014 8,747 8,725 8,851

.d,a, 577 553 513 500 433 391 378 373 355 348

;s%l=Kdu,h 620 614 591 598 466 436 426 419 417 402

yïnkaf;dg - - - 49 50 48 68 59 53 50

^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( YS% ,xld jrdh wêld˙h

^wd& TEUs = wä 20 g iudk nyÆ tall
^we& ixfYdaê;
wd¾Ól iy iudc há;, myiqlï 36 jeks ixLHd igyk
rcfha fi!LH fiajfha uQ,sl ,laIK
YSSr®Ih 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w&

1' frday,a ixLHdj ^ngysr ffjoH fiajh& 619 619 555 (wd) 568 592 (we) 593 603 601 610 598 (wE)

2' we|ka ixLHdj 62,197 65,835 68,897 69,501 69,731 73,437 74,636 76,918 76,781 76,829

3' m%d:ñl ffjoH i;aldr tall 387 411 475 (b) 476 475 480 481 484 475 487 (wE)

4' uqΩ ffjoHjreka ixLHdj 11,442 13,026 13,633 14,125 (B) 16,384 (B) 17,129 17,553 17,903 19,429 (B) 20,458

5' uqΩ iyldr ffjoHjreka ixLHdj 1,244 1,229 1,198 1,158 1,097 1,061 1,057 1,055 1,017 1,011

6' uqΩ fyo fiajl ixLHdj 22,088 22,996 25,549 27,494 29,101 30,136 30,928 31,964 32,272 32,499

7' uqΩ Wmia:dhl ixLHdj 7,201 7,184 8,301 8,189 7,477 8,403 8,091 8,215 8,689 8,268

8' m%;sldr ,;a wNHka;r frda.Ska ixLHdj ^z000& 4,609 4,898 5,474 5,591 ,e' fkd' 5,840 5,926 6,120 6,322 ,e' fkd'

9' m%;sldr ,;a ndysr frda.Ska ixLHdj ^z000& 43,073 45,382 48,782 49,871 ,e' fkd' 50,631 53,861 55,105 54,652 ,e' fkd'

10' ,shdm†xÑ wdhqr®fõo ffjoHjreka ixLHdj ^W& 18,651 19,054 19,529 20,004 20,353 20,712 21,060 22,422 22,672 23,082

11' fi!LH i|yd jQ uqΩ úhou ^re' ñ,shk& 68,702 74,548 71,452 73,835 89,237 99,101 119,530 138,403 177,789 186,149

mqkrdjr®;k úhou 51,741 55,874 58,789 60,506 74,443 81,946 99,609 116,151 140,560 155,402

m%d.aOk úhou 16,961 18,674 12,664 13,329 14,794 17,155 19,920 22,252 37,230 30,747

12' rcfha fi!LH úhou o'foa'ks'fha m%;sY;hla f,i ^W!& 1.92 1.69 1.48 1.15 1.24 1.13 1.25 1.34 (t) 1.62 (t) 1.57

^w& ;djld,sl uQ,hka( fi!LH" fmdaIK yd foaYSh ffjoH wud;HdxYh

^wd& 2009 jir ;=<° rcfha frday,a iïnkaOfhka is≥lrk ,o kej; jr®.SlrKh hgf;a frday,a 64 la m%d:ñl ffjoH i;aldr tAll f,i jr®.SlrKh lrk ,°' wdhqr®fõo fomdr®;fïka;=j
^we& rchg mjrd.kq ,enQ j;= frday,a 12 la" kùlrKh ls¯fuka miq uq,;sõ †ia;s%lalfha ls%hd;aul jk frday,a 4 la iy fldÜGdY frday,a ;;a;ajhg Wiia l, m%d:ñl uqo,a wud;HdxYh
ffjoH i;aldr tAll 8 la fuhg we;=<;a fõ' ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wE& fldÜGdY frday,a 12 la m%d:ñl ffjoH i;aldr tAll ;;a;ajhg my; fy<k ,°'
^b& uOHu fnfy;a Yd,d" m%d:ñl ffjoH i;aldr tall f,i kej; jr®.SlrKh l< w;r fï hgf;a rcfha frday,a 64 la m%d:ñl ffjoH i;aldr tall f,i jr®.SlrKh lrk ,°'
^B& iSudjdisl ffjoH ks<Od¯ka we;=<;aj
^W& wdhqr®fõo ffjoH iNdfõ ,shdm†xÑ ù we;s wdhqr®fõo ffjoHjreka
^W!& 2010 jifr® isg o;a;" ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;j = úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih hgf;a ksl;
= a lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
^t& ixfYdaê;
wd¾Ól iy iudc há;, myiqlï 37 jeks ixLHd igyk
idudkH iy úYajúoHd, wOHdmkfha uQ,sl ,laIK
YSr®Ih 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
w' idudkH wOHdmkh
1' uqΩ mdi,a ixLHdj 10,430 10,445 10,205 10,502 10,549 10,737 10,849 10,971 10,997 11,021
1'1 rcfha mdi,a ixLHdj 9,678 9,662 9,410 (we) 9,685 9,731 9,905 10,012 10,121 10,144 10,162
bka" cd;sl mdi,a ixLHdj 328 330 334 340 342 342 350 352 352 353
1'2 fjk;a mdi,a 752 783 795 817 818 832 837 850 853 859
fm!oa.,sl ^wE& 94 92 98 98 98 98 103 103 104 105
ms˙fjka 658 691 697 719 720 734 734 747 749 754
2' uqΩ YsIH ixLHdj 4,111,022 4,101,509 4,037,896 4,119,525 4,157,885 4,264,567 4,307,625 4,354,011 4,418,173 4,345,517
2'1 rcfha mdi,a 3,942,185 3,930,374 3,864,824 3,940,072 3,972,983 4,004,059 4,037,095 4,078,798 4,129,534 4,143,107
2'2 fjk;a mdi,a 168,837 171,135 173,072 179,453 184,902 190,277 196,460 194,294 201,034 202,410
fm!oa.,sl 113,884 115,070 114,974 117,362 122,041 125,669 130,344 131,397 136,228 136,407
ms˙fjka 54,953 56,065 58,098 62,091 62,861 64,608 66,116 62,897 64,806 66,003
2'3 cd;Hka;r mdi,a ^b& ,e' fkd' ,e' fkd' ,e' fkd' ,e' fkd' ,e' fkd' 70,231 74,070 80,919 87,605 ,e' fkd'
3' kj we;=<;a lr .ekSï ixLHdj ^B& 332,200 326,466 329,832 332,562 331,491 339,143 342,451 348,288 323,337 326,966
4' uqΩ .=rejre ixLHdj 222,505 224,410 225,951 224,541 228,336 242,689 243,332 253,649 259,967 249,374
4'1 rcfha mdi,a 211,424 213,212 214,307 212,457 216,397 223,724 223,752 232,990 236,999 235,999
4'2 fjk;a mdi,a 11,081 11,198 11,644 12,084 11,939 12,200 12,379 12,932 13,851 13,375
4'3 cd;Hka;r mdi,a ^b& ,e' fkd' ,e' fkd' ,e' fkd' ,e' fkd' ,e' fkd' 6,765 7,201 7,727 9,117 ,e' fkd'
5' .=re$isiq wkqmd;h
5'1 rcfha mdi,a 19 20 18 18 18 18 18 18 17 18
5'2 fjk;a mdi,a 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 15 15 15
5'3 cd;Hka;r mdi,a ^b& ,e' fkd' ,e' fkd' ,e' fkd' ,e' fkd' ,e' fkd' 10 10 10 10 ,e' fkd'
wd' úYajúoHd, wOHdmkh ^rdcH& ^W&
1' úYajúoHd, ixLHdj 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
2' YsIH ixLHdj ^W!& 66,996 66,891 68,768 70,477 74,440 70,222 ^t& 77,126 80,222 83,778 86,061
3' l:Íldpdr®hjre ixLHdj 4,304 4,452 4,735 4,984 5,064 5,176 5,439 5,610 5,199 5,422
4' Wmdê,;a ixLHdj ^tA& 12,005 12,958 13,952 13,042 16,686 11,614 ^T& 20,839 28,231 29,545 30,819
4'1 l,d iy fi!kaor®h wOHhk 5,142 4,012 4,830 4,432 6,940 5,330 9,156 14,662 16,387 16,000
4'2 jd◊c iy l<ukdlrK wOHhk 2,301 2,547 2,705 2,704 2,791 1,992 4,159 5,726 5,152 5,733
4'3 kS;sh 208 345 425 392 348 445 454 239 337 403
4'4 úoHdj 1,492 2,274 2,504 2,028 2,651 1,443 3,180 2,295 2,711 2,948
4'5 bx‚fkare úoHdj 894 1,114 1,157 1,307 1,346 167 1,507 1,438 1,344 1,514
4'6 ffjoH úoHdj 901 1,294 943 797 1,061 800 547 1,144 1,145 1,143
4'7 oka; Y,H 70 125 71 64 65 20 73 68 79 75
4'8 lDIslr®uh 484 510 513 540 595 515 727 867 710 899
4'9 mY= ffjoH úoHdj 57 80 39 60 58 54 59 57 69 73
4'10 .Dy ksr®udK Ys,amh iy m%udK iólaIKh 132 116 200 118 211 150 201 214 77 208
4'11 m˙.Kl úoHdj wdYs%; mdGud,d 107 303 382 392 439 561 644 947 1,043 1,059
4'12 fjk;a ^´& 217 238 183 208 181 137 132 574 491 764
5' m%:u Wmdêh i|yd kj we;=<;aùï 17,196 20,069 20,846 21,547 22,016 28,908 ^l&^.& 24,198 ^.& 25,200 25,676 28,952
we' rcfha úhou
1' wOHdmkh i|yd jQ uqΩ úhou ^re' ñ,shk& ^c& 92,540 100,083 100,506 104,248 121,369 136,202 151,801 190,150 225,047 238,290
1'1 mqkrdjr®;k úhou 72,592 77,141 82,414 85,195 99,043 107,271 119,819 139,787 169,600 179,319
1'2 m%d.aOk úhou 19,948 22,942 18,092 19,053 22,326 28, 930 31,982 50,363 55,447 58,971
2' uqΩ wOHdmk úhou o'foa'ks'fha m%;sY;hla f,i ^g& 2.59 2.27 2.08 1.63 1.68 1.56 1.58 1.84 ^w& 2.05 2.01
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( wOHdmk wud;HdxYh
^wd& ;djld,sl úYajúoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj
^we& ix.Kk †khkaj, ° mej;s hqOuh jd;djrKh fya;=fjka uq,;sõ iy ls,sfkdÉÑ †ia;s%lalj, ishΩ rcfha mdi,a iy ukakdru iy jõkshd †ia;s%lalj, we;eï rcfha mdi,a ;djld,slj jid ;eìK' uqo,a wud;HdxYh
^wE& rch úiska wkqu; fm!oa.,sl mdi,a iy úfYaI wjYH;d iys; <uqka i|yd jk mdi,a ^fuu ixLHdjkag iud.ï mk; hgf;a ,shdm†xÑ l< cd;Hka;r mdi,a wh;a fkdfõ& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^b& 2014 jifr® ° YS% ,xld uy nexl=j u.ska cd;Hka;r mdi,a 120 la wdjrKh jk m˙† mj;ajk ,o iólaIKhla u; 2012 isg 2014 olajd o;a; mokï fõ' ixLHd igyfka olajd we;s o;a; fuu iólaIKhg YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
ms<s;=re iemhQ mdi,a i|yd muKla wod< fõ' fuys ms<s;=re iemhSfï wkqmd;h ishhg 63 la úh' wOHdmk wud;HdxYh úiska mj;ajk ,o °m jHdma; iólaIKhla u; 2015 o;a; mokï fõ'
^B& rcfha mdi,a i|yd mu◊'
^W& úYajúoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj hgf;a mj;sk úYajúoHd,
^W!& újD; úYajúoHd,fha yd ndysr Wmdê mdGud,d yodrk isiqka we;=<;a fkdfõ'
^t& bfiâ w.h ms<sn| úIu;d iïnkaOfhka wêlrKfha úNd. fjñka meje;s kvq fya;=fjka 2011 w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.hg w∞< kjl isiqka n|jd fkd.;a neúka YsIH ixLHdj wvqúh' flfia fj;;a"
wOHhk yd wkOHk ldr®huKav, jev jr®ck fya;=fjka jir wjidkh jk úg úYaj úoHd, lsysmhl wjika úNd. iy wOHhk jr®I ksu fkdls¯u" ie,lsh hq;= my<hdu;a jdr®;d fkdùug fya;=úh'
^tA& újD; úYajúoHd,fha yd ndysr Wmdê mdGud,d y∞rk isiqka we;=<;a fõ'
^T& wOHhk yd wkOHhk jevjr®ck fya;=fjka mSG lsysmhl wjika úNd. fkdmeje;aùu fya;=fjka 2012 jifr® Wmdê,;a ixLHdj wvqúh'
^´& úYajúoHd, u.ska m%∞kh lrk wfkl=;a Wmdê mdGud,d we;=<;a h'
^l& bfiâ w.h .Kkh ls¯u i|yd Ndú;d l< l%ufõoh wNsfhda.hg ,lalrñka fY%aIaGdêlrKh b†˙fha f.dkql< kvq fya;=fjka idudkH n|jd.ekSïj,g wu;rj n|jd.;a isiqka 5"182 la we;=<;ah'
^.& 2012 jifr® kj we;=<;aùï u.ska 2011 w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& úNd.hg w∞<j 2013 jifr® ° we;=<;a lr.;a isiqka ixLHdj ±lafjk w;r" 2013 jifr® kj we;=<;aùu u.ska 2014 jifr® m<uq ldr®;=fõ °
we;=<;a lr.;a isiqka ixLHdj ±lafõ'
^c& idudkH iy Wiia wOHdmkh i|yd jQ rcfha úhoï'
^g& 2010 jifr® isg o;a;" ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï j¾Ih hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 38 jeks ixLHd igyk

cd;sl mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylfha ^2013}100& úp,kh

mokï jdr®Isl idudkHfhys jdr®Isl idudkH

or®Ylfha idudkHh ,laIHuh m%;sY; fjki
or®Ylh jr®Ifha m%;sY; fjki jeäùug ∞hl;ajh ^]&
nr ;eîï
2014 2015 2016 2015 foie 2016 foie 2015 2016 2015 2016

ish¨u YS¾I 100.0 105.5 109.5 113.8 4.2 4.2 3.8 4.0 100.0 100.0

øjHuh jYfhka
wdydr iy uoHidr fkdjk mdk jr®. 44.0 105.2 110.7 114.1 2.6 2.3 5.2 3.1 61.2 34.7

uoHidr mdk jr®. iy ≥ïfld< 2.3 110.5 129.8 158.5 18.3 24.5 17.5 22.1 11.0 15.0

fr†ms<s iy mdjyka 3.4 103.2 110.5 114.5 8.4 2.9 7.1 3.7 6.3 3.2

ksjdi" c,h" ú≥,sh" .Eia iy fjk;a bkaOk 18.0 110.1 114.7 114.8 7.3 1.0 4.2 0.1 20.9 0.6

.Dy NdKav" .Dy WmlrK iy .Dy tAll kv;a;=j 3.3 103.6 108.7 113.1 6.5 3.5 4.9 4.1 4.2 3.4

fi!LH 4.1 105.4 114.8 128.0 9.4 20.6 8.9 11.5 9.6 12.4

m%jdyk 9.8 102.7 92.8 97.6 -4.4 4.2 -9.6 5.1 -24.3 10.7

ikaksfõok 2.3 103.7 103.8 110.9 0.0 16.9 0.1 6.8 0.1 3.8

úfkda∞;aul iy ixialD;sl 1.6 101.5 106.4 109.4 7.0 0.9 4.9 2.7 2.0 1.1

wOHdmk 2.8 104.1 112.3 115.0 9.0 1.0 7.9 2.4 5.8 1.8

wdmkYd,d iy fydag,a 3.9 104.2 104.8 106.7 -0.4 4.3 0.6 1.9 0.6 1.8

úúO NdKav yd fiajd 4.5 101.5 103.8 114.8 11.5 7.2 2.3 10.6 2.6 11.5
uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 39 jeks ixLHd igyk

fld<U mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylfha ^2013}100& úp,kh

jdr®Isl idudkHfhys m%;sY; jdr®Isl idudkH jeäùug

mokï or®Ylfha idudkHh ,laIHuh m%;sY; fjki
fjki odhl;ajh ^]&
or®Ylh jr®Ifha
nr ;eîï 2014 2015 2016 2015 foie 2016 foie 2015 2016 2015 2016

ish¨u YS¾I 100.0 105.1 107.4 111.7 4.6 4.5 2.2 4.0 100.0 100.0

øjHuh jYfhka
wdydr iy uoHidr fkdjk mdk jr®. 28.2 104.3 110.0 116.7 4.1 4.1 5.5 6.1 26.2 44.0

uoHidr mdk jr®. iy ≥ïfld< 1.0 111.1 127.3 153.8 18.4 26.6 14.6 20.8 4.8 6.4

fr†ms<s iy mdjyka 2.3 100.9 111.9 119.2 16.2 2.7 10.9 6.5 7.7 3.9

ksjdi" c,h" ú≥,sh" .Eia iy fjk;a bkaOk 32.0 108.9 110.3 110.1 5.1 0.2 1.4 -0.2 34.9 -1.5

.Dy NdKav" .Dy WmlrK iy .Dy tAll kv;a;=j 2.5 102.2 107.5 107.8 6.6 -0.5 5.2 0.3 3.5 0.2

fi!LH 4.4 104.1 111.7 126.0 7.7 27.2 7.2 12.9 7.3 14.7

m%jdyk 10.6 101.7 91.1 92.9 -4.5 0.2 -10.4 2.0 -9.9 4.5

ikaksfõok 3.3 103.5 103.5 110.0 0.0 16.0 0.0 6.3 0.0 5.0

úfkdaod;aul iy ixialD;sl 1.3 101.4 105.3 107.4 4.7 2.3 3.8 2.0 1.3 0.6

wOHdmk 5.9 103.6 107.4 112.8 6.7 5.6 3.7 5.0 8.4 7.4

wdmkYd,d iy fydag,a 5.1 101.2 104.5 107.2 4.2 7.5 3.3 2.6 4.4 3.2

úúO NdKav iy fiajd 3.3 101.5 103.5 118.5 17.0 7.7 2.0 14.5 11.3 11.6
uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 40 jeks ixLHd igyk
fld<U mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylfhaa ^2006$07}100& úp,kh

mokï jdr®Isl idudkH jeäùug

or®Ylfha idudkHh ,laIHuh m%;sY; fjki jdr®Isl idudkHfhys m%;sY; fjki
jr®Ifha ∞hl;ajh ^]&
or®Ylh
nr 2013 2014 2015 2016
;eîï 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2013 2014 2015 2016 2013 2014 2015 2016
foie foie foie foie
ish¨u YS¾I 100.0 162.9 174.2 179.9 181.5 188.3 4.7 2.1 2.8 4.1 6.9 3.3 0.9 3.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

øjHuh jYfhka
wdydr iy uoHidr fkdjk mdk jr®. 41.0 180.9 195.2 202.5 212.4 221.7 3.5 7.0 4.2 3.8 7.9 3.8 4.9 4.4 52.0 53.1 244.2 56.3

fr†ms<s iy mdjyka 3.1 162.1 170.8 171.4 195.3 207.7 -0.1 1.3 18.4 4.4 5.4 0.4 14.0 6.3 2.4 0.4 45.2 5.7

ksjdi" c,h" ú≥,sh" .Eia iy fjk;a bkaOk 23.7 136.4 151.0 152.7 138.2 138.0 12.1 -9.7 -2.5 0.5 10.7 1.1 -9.5 -0.1 30.8 7.1 -203.0 -1.5

.Dy NdKav" .Dy WmlrK iy .Dy tAll kv;a;=j 3.6 142.7 148.5 151.9 164.4 170.7 1.0 3.2 9.7 1.8 4.0 2.3 8.2 3.8 1.8 2.1 27.1 3.3

fi!LH 3.2 247.5 251.7 273.1 311.4 345.6 0.7 8.6 16.4 15.8 1.7 8.5 14.0 11.0 1.2 11.9 72.8 15.9

m%jdyk 12.3 181.9 190.2 198.9 182.9 187.1 3.3 1.5 -6.4 3.5 4.6 4.5 -8.0 2.3 9.1 18.6 -118.0 7.6

ikaksfõok 4.8 90.3 90.3 93.9 94.0 100.5 0.0 4.1 0.0 16.8 0.0 4.0 0.1 6.9 0.0 3.0 0.2 4.6

úfkda∞;aul iy ixialD;sl 1.5 144.6 150.4 153.8 161.6 166.9 5.0 0.5 8.6 -4.5 4.1 2.2 5.1 3.3 0.8 0.9 7.1 1.2

wOHdmk 3.9 141.2 142.6 143.3 148.1 155.2 0.9 0.1 7.5 6.2 0.9 0.5 3.4 4.8 0.5 0.5 11.4 4.1

úúO NdKav yd fiajd 2.9 136.5 142.2 146.8 154.2 160.8 3.1 3.6 4.8 6.3 4.2 3.2 5.0 4.3 1.5 2.3 12.8 2.8
uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 41 jeks ixLHd igyk

cd;sl mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylh ^2013}100& ^w&

ksjdi" .Dy
wdydr yd uoHidr NdKav"
fr†ms<s c,h" .Dy úfkdaod;aul úúO
ld,m˙Éf√oh ishÆu uoHidr mdk ú≥,sh" wdmkYd,d
iy .Eia WmlrK fi!LH m%jdyk ikaksfõok yd wOHdmk NdKav yd
^wd& YSr®I fkdjk jr®. iy iy iy .Dy iy fyda g ,a
mdjyka fjk;a tAll ixialD;sl fiajd
mdk jr®. ≥ïfld<
bkaOk kv;a;=j
mokï j¾Ifha nr ;eîï 100.0 44.0 2.3 3.4 18.0 3.3 4.1 9.8 2.3 1.6 2.8 3.9 4.5

2014 105.5 105.2 110.5 103.2 110.1 103.6 105.4 102.7 103.7 101.5 104.1 104.2 101.5
2015 109.5 110.7 129.8 110.5 114.7 108.7 114.8 92.8 103.8 106.4 112.3 104.8 103.8
2016 113.8 114.1 158.5 114.5 114.8 113.1 128.0 97.6 110.9 109.4 115.0 106.7 114.8

2014 m<uq ldr®;=j 103.1 100.1 105.4 102.0 111.2 102.3 103.1 102.9 103.6 101.0 103.4 103.0 101.2
fojk ldr®;=j 105.1 104.0 106.1 102.6 111.0 103.5 105.2 103.3 103.6 101.3 103.5 104.2 101.9
f;jk ldr®;=j 106.6 106.9 110.4 103.8 111.1 103.9 106.2 103.3 103.7 101.8 104.3 104.4 102.4
isõjk ldr®;=j 107.2 109.8 119.9 104.3 106.9 104.6 106.9 101.3 103.8 101.7 105.1 105.1 100.6

2015 m<uq ldr®;=j 109.8 112.9 124.1 105.1 114.8 105.8 112.0 93.1 103.8 104.2 111.0 105.4 101.1
fojk ldr®;=j 108.0 108.4 124.6 111.4 114.7 108.5 114.1 90.9 103.8 104.7 111.2 104.7 102.6
f;jk ldr®;=j 108.6 108.3 130.7 112.4 114.7 109.6 116.0 92.8 103.8 108.1 112.5 104.2 103.2
isõjk ldr®;=j 111.5 113.2 139.8 112.9 114.5 110.6 116.9 94.5 103.8 108.8 114.5 104.7 108.3

2016 m<uq ldr®;=j 110.9 111.2 144.2 113.2 114.4 111.7 117.1 95.0 103.8 108.8 114.6 104.8 111.7
fojk ldr®;=j 113.8 114.6 154.5 114.0 114.7 112.6 127.9 96.9 115.4 109.3 114.6 105.8 113.0
f;jk ldr®;=j 114.0 114.0 157.3 115.0 114.9 113.6 129.8 98.9 108.2 108.9 115.0 107.8 116.2
isõjk ldr®;=j 116.4 116.6 177.8 116.0 115.2 114.6 137.1 99.5 116.2 110.5 115.8 108.5 118.3

2015 ckjd˙ 112.8 118.8 123.1 104.4 115.3 105.3 111.5 97.2 103.8 104.2 111.0 105.6 101.5
fmnrjd˙ 108.9 111.5 124.2 105.1 114.5 105.6 111.5 91.1 103.8 104.2 111.0 105.4 101.0
udr®;= 107.6 108.4 125.0 105.7 114.5 106.6 112.9 91.1 103.8 104.2 111.0 105.3 100.9
wfm%a,a 107.0 106.1 124.2 110.5 114.7 108.7 114.1 90.8 103.8 104.5 111.2 104.8 102.4
uehs 108.0 108.4 124.9 111.2 114.7 108.4 114.1 91.0 103.8 104.5 111.2 104.6 102.7
cqks 109.1 110.6 124.7 112.4 114.8 108.5 114.1 91.0 103.8 105.0 111.2 104.7 102.7
cQ,s 108.9 109.7 125.4 112.5 114.7 108.9 114.7 92.7 103.8 106.7 111.2 104.0 103.0
wf.daia;= 108.4 107.9 131.6 112.5 114.6 109.9 116.7 92.8 103.8 108.8 112.3 104.3 103.2
iema;eïnr® 108.4 107.4 135.1 112.3 114.7 110.1 116.7 92.8 103.8 108.8 114.1 104.4 103.3
Tlaf;danr® 109.2 108.9 138.9 112.6 114.7 110.1 116.7 92.8 103.8 108.8 114.4 104.7 103.3
fkdjeïnr® 112.0 114.2 137.9 113.2 114.6 110.3 117.0 95.0 103.8 108.8 114.4 104.7 110.8
foieïnr® 113.2 116.5 142.7 113.0 114.2 111.5 117.0 95.6 103.8 108.8 114.6 104.8 110.8

2016 ckjd˙ 112.0 113.8 143.0 113.7 114.2 111.5 117.0 95.1 103.8 108.8 114.6 104.8 110.8
fmnrjd˙ 110.8 110.8 143.2 112.9 114.6 111.9 117.1 95.0 103.8 108.8 114.6 104.8 112.1
udr®;= 110.0 108.9 146.5 112.9 114.5 111.8 117.1 95.0 103.8 108.8 114.6 104.9 112.1
wfm%a,a 111.6 111.3 157.8 113.5 114.6 112.3 117.1 96.9 103.8 108.8 114.6 105.0 112.2
uehs 113.7 113.6 154.0 113.9 114.7 112.6 133.3 96.9 121.2 109.5 114.6 105.1 113.1
cqks 116.1 119.0 151.7 114.6 114.9 112.9 133.3 96.9 121.3 109.5 114.6 107.3 113.7
cQ,s 115.2 117.1 152.1 114.6 114.9 113.2 130.9 97.8 112.9 109.1 114.6 107.6 115.5
wf.daia;= 113.3 112.4 157.0 114.9 114.9 113.7 129.2 99.4 105.9 108.8 114.6 107.9 116.4
iema;eïnr® 113.5 112.6 162.8 115.4 114.9 113.8 129.2 99.4 105.9 108.8 115.8 108.0 116.7
Tlaf;danr® 114.7 114.6 171.9 115.6 114.9 113.9 129.2 99.4 105.9 109.3 115.8 108.1 117.2
fkdjeïnr® 116.6 115.9 183.9 116.0 115.3 114.6 141.1 99.4 121.3 112.3 115.8 108.1 118.8
foieïnr® 118.0 119.2 177.6 116.3 115.3 115.4 141.1 99.6 121.3 109.8 115.8 109.3 118.8

^w& 2012$13 ° l=gqïn wd∞hï yd úhoï iólaIKh mokï fldg f.k or®Ylh ilia lr we;' nr uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
;eîï i`oyd uqΩ †jhsfkau l=gqïnj, m˙fNdack rgdj mokï lrf.k we;' uqΩ NdKav mefiys
jákdlu remsh,a 32"142'69 la ^2013 ñ, .Kka wkqj& fõ'
^wd& fuys olajd we;s jdr®Isl iy ldr®;=uh ixLHd" udisl ixLHdj, idudkHh fõ'
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 42 jeks ixLHd igyk

fld<U mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylh ^2013}100& ^w&

ksjdi" .Dy
wdydr yd uoHidr NdKav"
fr†ms<s c,h" .Dy úfkdaod;aul úúO
ld,m˙Éf√oh ishÆu uoHidr mdk ú≥,sh" wdmkYd,d
iy .Eia WmlrK fi!LH m%jdyk ikaksfõok yd wOHdmk NdKav yd
^wd& YSr®I fkdjk jr®. iy iy iy .Dy iy fyda g ,a
mdjyka fjk;a tAll ixialD;sl fiajd
mdk jr®. ≥ïfld<
bkaOk kv;a;=j
mokï j¾Ifha nr ;eîï 100.0 28.2 1.0 2.3 32.0 2.5 4.4 10.6 3.3 1.3 5.9 5.1 3.3

2014 105.1 104.3 111.1 100.9 108.9 102.2 104.1 101.7 103.5 101.4 103.6 101.2 101.5
2015 107.4 110.0 127.3 111.9 110.3 107.5 111.7 91.1 103.5 105.3 107.4 104.5 103.5
2016 111.7 116.7 153.8 119.2 110.1 107.8 126.0 92.9 110.0 107.4 112.8 107.2 118.5

2014 m<uq ldr®;=j 104.2 100.2 105.4 100.9 110.1 101.9 103.7 102.2 103.5 101.3 102.8 101.1 101.5
fojk ldr®;=j 105.0 102.8 105.5 100.6 110.1 102.1 104.1 102.2 103.5 101.4 102.8 101.2 102.3
f;jk ldr®;=j 106.3 106.9 111.2 100.8 110.1 102.2 104.1 102.0 103.5 101.5 104.1 101.2 102.8
isõjk ldr®;=j 104.8 107.4 122.3 101.1 105.2 102.5 104.6 100.2 103.5 101.6 104.7 101.2 99.2

2015 m<uq ldr®;=j 106.7 111.0 123.3 100.8 110.2 104.3 107.9 91.7 103.5 104.0 104.8 101.8 100.5
fojk ldr®;=j 106.5 107.7 123.3 111.9 110.6 108.1 112.9 89.6 103.5 104.3 104.8 105.4 101.5
f;jk ldr®;=j 107.5 109.4 123.8 117.7 110.4 108.5 112.9 90.8 103.5 106.4 108.5 105.4 102.1
isõjk ldr®;=j 108.9 112.1 138.7 117.3 110.2 108.9 112.9 92.3 103.5 106.4 111.6 105.4 109.9

2016 m<uq ldr®;=j 109.3 113.2 145.9 118.3 110.1 106.9 112.9 91.5 103.5 106.3 111.7 105.4 114.1
fojk ldr®;=j 111.4 116.5 147.1 119.6 110.2 107.4 124.4 92.6 114.6 107.5 111.7 105.4 116.9
f;jk ldr®;=j 112.6 119.4 146.4 118.8 110.1 108.1 129.3 93.2 108.1 107.2 112.5 108.1 120.7
isõjk ldr®;=j 113.5 117.8 175.8 120.0 110.2 108.6 137.5 94.2 114.0 108.5 115.4 109.8 122.3

2015 ckjd˙ 108.2 114.3 122.8 99.3 110.9 102.7 105.5 96.2 103.5 104.0 104.8 101.2 101.2
fmnrjd˙ 106.2 111.1 123.2 99.6 109.9 103.0 105.5 89.5 103.5 104.0 104.8 101.2 100.3
udr®;= 105.8 107.6 123.8 103.4 109.8 107.2 112.7 89.5 103.5 104.1 104.8 102.9 100.0
wfm%a,a 105.9 105.7 123.5 109.5 110.6 108.0 112.9 89.5 103.5 104.1 104.8 105.4 101.2
uehs 106.4 107.3 123.2 110.9 110.6 108.1 112.9 89.6 103.5 104.1 104.8 105.4 101.7
cqks 107.3 110.2 123.3 115.2 110.6 108.3 112.9 89.6 103.5 104.7 104.8 105.4 101.7
cQ,s 107.7 110.8 123.1 117.2 110.5 108.5 112.9 90.8 103.5 106.4 104.8 105.4 101.8
wf.daia;= 107.4 109.1 123.3 118.2 110.3 108.5 112.9 90.8 103.5 106.4 109.1 105.4 102.2
iema;eïnr® 107.3 108.2 125.0 117.6 110.3 108.6 112.9 90.8 103.5 106.4 111.6 105.4 102.2
Tlaf;danr® 107.7 109.4 133.9 116.8 110.3 108.6 112.9 90.8 103.5 106.4 111.6 105.4 102.2
fkdjeïnr® 109.2 112.9 136.9 117.5 110.3 108.6 112.9 91.4 103.5 106.4 111.6 105.4 113.7
foieïnr® 109.8 113.9 145.4 117.7 110.0 109.4 112.9 94.6 103.5 106.4 111.7 105.4 113.7

2016 ckjd˙ 110.0 115.3 145.4 120.6 110.1 107.1 112.9 92.0 103.5 106.4 111.7 105.4 113.7
fmnrjd˙ 109.3 113.3 145.5 117.2 110.1 107.0 112.9 91.3 103.5 106.4 111.7 105.4 114.3
udr®;= 108.6 110.9 146.7 117.2 110.0 106.7 112.9 91.3 103.5 106.2 111.7 105.4 114.3
wfm%a,a 109.5 113.4 147.6 117.1 110.0 107.2 112.9 92.6 103.5 106.2 111.7 105.4 115.8
uehs 111.5 115.2 147.2 121.2 110.2 107.3 130.2 92.6 120.1 108.2 111.7 105.4 117.1
cqks 113.2 121.0 146.4 120.6 110.3 107.6 130.2 92.6 120.1 108.2 111.7 105.4 117.7
cQ,s 113.9 123.8 145.5 118.1 110.2 107.8 129.9 92.8 113.6 107.7 111.7 108.1 120.4
wf.daia;= 112.1 118.2 146.7 119.2 110.1 108.0 129.0 93.0 105.4 106.9 111.7 108.1 120.5
iema;eïnr® 111.8 116.3 147.0 119.0 110.1 108.4 129.0 93.8 105.4 106.9 114.2 108.1 121.3
Tlaf;danr® 112.1 117.0 158.9 118.6 110.1 108.4 129.0 93.8 105.4 107.3 114.2 108.1 122.1
fkdjeïnr® 113.6 117.7 184.5 120.6 110.3 108.6 140.0 94.0 116.4 109.3 114.2 108.1 122.4
foieïnr® 114.7 118.6 184.1 120.9 110.2 108.9 143.6 94.8 120.1 108.8 117.9 113.3 122.4
^w& 2012$13 ° l=gqïn wd∞hï yd úhoï iólaIKh mokï fldg f.k or®Ylh ilia lr we;' nr uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
;eîï i`oyd fld<U †ia;%slalfha kd.˙l l=gqïnj, m˙fNdack rgdj mokï lrf.k we;' uqΩ
NdKav mefiys jákdlu remsh,a 60"364'74 la ^2013 ñ, .Kka wkqj& fõ'
^wd& fuys olajd we;s jdr®Isl iy ldr®;=uh ixLHd" udisl ixLHdj, idudkHh fõ'
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 43 jeks ixLHd igyk

fld<U mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylh ^2006$07}100& ^w&

ksjdi" .Dy
wdydr yd c,h" NdKav"
fr†ms<s .Dy úfkdaod;aul úúO
ishÆu uoHidr ú≥,sh"
ld,m˙Éf√oh ^wd& iy WmlrK fi!LH m%jdyk ikaksfõok yd wOHdmk NdKav yd
YSr®I fkdjk .Eia iy iy .Dy
mdjyka fjk;a tAll ixialD;sl fiajd
mdk jr®.
bkaOk kv;a;=j
mokï j¾Ifha nr ;eîï 100.0 41.0 3.1 23.7 3.6 3.2 12.3 4.8 1.5 3.9 2.9

2013 174.2 195.2 170.8 151.0 148.5 251.7 190.2 90.3 150.4 142.6 142.2
2014 179.9 202.5 171.4 152.7 151.9 273.1 198.9 93.9 153.8 143.3 146.8
2015 181.5 212.4 195.3 138.2 164.4 311.4 182.9 94.0 161.6 148.1 154.2
2016 188.3 221.7 207.7 138.0 170.7 345.6 187.1 100.5 166.9 155.2 160.8

2014 m<uq ldr®;=j 177.7 195.4 170.7 156.2 150.8 272.6 199.4 93.8 153.5 143.2 144.7
fojk ldr®;=j 179.8 200.3 171.0 156.1 151.2 273.0 199.5 93.8 153.6 143.3 146.2
f;jk ldr®;=j 182.5 206.7 171.5 155.9 152.0 273.0 199.4 93.9 153.8 143.3 147.7
isõjk ldr®;=j 179.5 207.6 172.4 142.4 153.6 273.7 197.1 94.0 154.2 143.4 148.7

2015 m<uq ldr®;=j 180.1 213.5 176.6 137.7 156.0 288.8 185.1 94.0 155.2 143.8 151.5
fojk ldr®;=j 180.0 208.9 195.6 139.2 165.4 318.9 180.0 94.0 157.0 143.8 154.1
f;jk ldr®;=j 182.0 211.3 205.0 138.7 168.0 318.9 183.2 94.0 166.8 150.7 155.3
isõjk ldr®;=j 184.0 216.0 204.2 137.3 168.3 318.9 183.2 94.0 167.5 154.2 155.8

2016 m<uq ldr®;=j 183.5 214.9 204.5 137.8 168.5 318.9 183.2 94.0 167.5 154.2 156.4
fojk ldr®;=j 188.4 221.9 206.8 138.0 170.3 344.8 186.8 104.4 167.5 154.2 159.5
f;jk ldr®;=j 190.2 224.9 208.2 138.2 171.7 355.4 188.6 99.6 167.2 154.5 162.1
isõjk ldr®;=j 191.1 225.1 211.2 138.2 172.3 363.2 189.7 104.1 165.4 157.8 165.4

2015 ckjd˙ 183.2 218.5 174.4 140.1 153.7 273.9 194.5 94.0 155.1 143.8 151.4
fmnrjd˙ 178.9 214.0 174.7 136.7 153.7 273.9 180.7 94.0 155.1 143.8 151.4
udr®;= 178.1 208.0 180.6 136.4 160.5 318.7 180.0 94.0 155.3 143.8 151.8
wfm%a,a 178.5 205.6 193.2 139.2 165.1 318.9 180.0 94.0 155.3 143.8 153.3
uehs 179.8 208.7 193.2 139.2 165.1 318.9 180.0 94.0 155.7 143.8 154.5
cqks 181.6 212.4 200.3 139.2 165.9 318.9 180.0 94.0 159.9 143.8 154.5
cQ,s 182.8 213.9 204.4 139.1 167.7 318.9 183.2 94.0 166.5 143.8 154.5
wf.daia;= 181.9 210.7 205.3 138.5 168.1 318.9 183.2 94.0 166.5 154.2 155.7
iema;eïnr® 181.4 209.4 205.4 138.5 168.2 318.9 183.2 94.0 167.5 154.2 155.7
Tlaf;danr® 182.1 211.1 204.4 135.8 168.2 318.9 183.2 94.0 167.5 154.2 155.7
fkdjeïnr® 184.7 217.5 203.9 138.6 168.2 318.9 183.2 94.0 167.5 154.2 155.9
foieïnr® 185.2 219.3 204.3 137.5 168.6 318.9 183.2 94.0 167.5 154.2 155.9

2016 ckjd˙ 184.9 218.1 207.3 137.9 168.6 318.9 183.2 94.0 167.5 154.2 155.9
fmnrjd˙ 183.8 215.8 203.3 137.9 168.4 318.9 183.2 94.0 167.5 154.2 156.6
udr®;= 181.7 210.9 202.9 137.5 168.5 318.9 183.2 94.0 167.5 154.2 156.6
wfm%a,a 184.1 215.6 201.5 137.5 169.3 318.9 186.8 94.0 167.5 154.2 159.0
uehs 188.5 220.4 209.8 138.1 170.4 357.7 186.8 109.3 167.5 154.2 159.0
cqks 192.5 229.8 209.1 138.5 171.1 357.7 186.8 109.8 167.5 154.2 160.5
cQ,s 192.9 231.2 206.8 138.3 171.1 356.9 187.2 106.4 168.0 154.5 161.2
wf.daia;= 189.1 222.6 208.9 138.1 171.7 354.7 189.0 96.2 168.0 154.5 161.5
iema;eïnr® 188.5 221.0 209.0 138.1 172.2 354.7 189.7 96.2 165.7 154.5 163.5
Tlaf;danr® 189.7 223.8 208.9 137.8 172.3 354.7 189.7 96.2 168.1 154.8 164.7
fkdjeïnr® 190.9 223.9 212.5 138.5 172.8 365.7 189.7 106.4 168.3 154.9 165.7
foieïnr® 192.8 227.6 212.3 138.2 171.7 369.2 189.7 109.8 159.9 163.7 165.7

^w& 2006$07 ° l=gqïn wd∞hï yd úhoï iólaIKh mokï fldg f.k or®Ylh ilia lr we;' uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
nr ;eîï i`oyd fld<U †ia;s%lalfha kd.˙l l=gqïnj, m˙fNdack rgdj mokï lrf.k
we;' uqΩ NdKav mefiys jákdlu remsh,a 27"972'11 la ^2006$07 ñ, .Kka wkqj& fõ'
^wd& fuys olajd we;s jdr®Isl iy ldr®;=uh ixLHd" udisl ixLHdj, idudkHh fõ'
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 44 jeks ixLHd igyk

ksIamdolhdf.a ñ, o¾Ylh
2013-4 jeks ld¾;=j}100

ld,m˙Éf√oh ^w& ishÆu l%shdldrlï lDIslr®udka; ksIamdok ú≥,sh iy c,h

2014 101.6 104.6 100.9 96.2

2015 105.3 121.8 100.3 87.6
2016 ^wd& 107.1 120.4 103.8 84.8

2014 m<uq ldr®;=j 100.8 101.7 100.6 99.0

fojk ldr®;=j 100.9 100.3 101.2 100.0
f;jk ldr®;=j 102.2 106.3 100.9 98.3
isõjk ldr®;=j 102.6 110.1 100.9 87.3

2015 m<uq ldr®;=j 104.1 123.2 98.4 82.7

fojk ldr®;=j 104.7 120.3 99.8 89.4
f;jk ldr®;=j 106.1 124.4 99.8 94.6
isõjk ldr®;=j 106.1 119.2 103.3 83.6

2016 ^wd& m<uq ldr®;=j 103.6 116.7 100.1 84.4

fojk ldr®;=j 104.8 115.3 102.3 85.9
f;jk ldr®;=j 106.9 119.5 103.9 84.8
isõjk ldr®;=j 112.9 131.4 108.9 84.3

2015 ckjd˙ 107.3 131.2 99.9 82.5

fmnrjd˙ 103.2 121.4 97.9 82.3
udr®;= 101.9 117.0 97.5 83.3
wfm%a,a 102.9 119.1 98.0 84.0
uehs 105.8 124.1 100.4 84.5
cqks 105.5 117.8 101.1 99.7
cQ,s 107.2 126.6 100.1 99.9
wf.daia;= 105.3 120.6 99.7 98.9
iema;eïnr® 105.8 126.0 99.6 84.9
Tlaf;danr® 104.7 114.1 102.9 84.1
fkdjeïnr® 106.3 121.8 103.6 83.6
foieïnr® 107.2 121.8 103.5 83.2

2016 ^wd& ckjd˙ 103.7 117.6 99.9 83.7

fmnrjd˙ 105.8 123.9 100.5 84.2
udr®;= 101.4 108.7 99.9 85.2
wfm%a,a 102.6 111.4 100.5 86.6
uehs 104.8 112.3 103.5 86.6
cqks 107.0 122.2 103.0 84.4
cQ,s 107.8 121.6 104.4 84.7
wf.daia;= 106.0 117.7 103.2 84.8
iema;eïnr® 107.0 119.1 104.2 84.8
Tlaf;danr® 109.9 124.0 106.5 85.1
fkdjeïnr® 113.4 130.6 109.2 84.2
foieïnr® 115.5 135.8 110.2 83.7
^w& fuys olajd we;s jdr®Isl iy ldr®;=uh ixLHd" udisl ixLHdj, idudkHh fõ' uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
 45 jeks ixLHd igyk
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj
f;dard.;a wdydr øjH lsysmhl m<d;a wkqj idudkH is,a,r ñ, .Kka 2015-2016
lsf,da .%Euhg remsh,a
niakdysr m<d; uOHu m<d; W;=re ueo m<d; jhU m<d; inr.uqj m<d;
2015 2016 ^w& 2015 2016 ^w& 2015 2016 ^w& 2015 2016 ^w& 2015 2016 ^w&
md˙fNda.sl whs;u
m<uq fojk m<uq fojk m<uq fojk m<uq fojk m<uq fojk m<uq fojk m<uq fojk m<uq fojk m<uq fojk m<uq fojk
wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh
iïnd iy,a ^Wm˙u ñ,& 91.15 91.26 93.54 92.54 91.22 90.31 97.44 94.71 87.70 87.40 89.31 90.53 85.72 85.91 87.26 88.28 91.11 92.35 99.48 95.66
lel=Ω r;= ^Wm˙u ñ,& 83.16 70.50 67.63 71.47 83.04 75.14 71.93 74.15 78.90 75.49 73.86 74.87 79.32 73.60 71.43 74.46 82.84 72.34 68.75 74.26
úh<s ñ˙ia ^idudkH& 258.15 302.67 351.52 351.68 258.13 300.73 362.60 362.80 256.62 297.29 341.40 344.12 251.86 300.47 345.79 349.02 255.80 291.79 344.37 347.26
r;=ΩEKq 115.60 140.21 125.68 126.06 113.99 144.52 122.86 122.99 112.41 132.35 118.19 120.58 108.93 132.15 118.11 119.00 109.51 138.26 117.50 119.01
î ΩEKq ^wdkhksl& 93.87 116.15 78.74 90.80 93.22 113.99 77.67 90.07 87.78 103.98 73.98 88.31 95.24 112.71 82.84 94.31 95.76 115.80 78.71 91.26
wr®;dm,a ^foaYSh& 123.29 140.09 132.26 148.41 115.91 137.14 125.23 143.79 112.92 127.04 107.60 134.61 116.76 128.96 123.14 136.80 119.69 136.29 124.13 142.74
fndaxÑ 197.81 197.33 176.04 184.95 184.84 179.38 167.08 162.78 204.09 193.53 179.30 179.32 208.87 207.71 199.67 193.79 185.71 175.65 169.58 159.13
jÜglald 95.08 75.48 84.62 88.24 86.22 77.93 87.83 90.75 76.86 67.85 77.74 76.66 84.85 69.67 78.24 75.65 85.23 70.23 80.47 70.96
jïngq 110.71 103.50 115.05 93.98 106.57 100.81 113.27 86.83 98.54 89.16 104.42 77.50 109.88 100.12 113.51 87.95 100.32 90.02 98.62 73.50
fmd,a f.ähla ^f,dl=& 58.52 49.75 51.39 49.13 56.65 47.62 47.56 44.91 52.63 49.28 46.55 40.34 50.70 44.28 43.90 43.02 55.19 46.23 46.19 43.60
udΩ-n,hd 605.99 628.82 652.75 673.76 515.41 562.13 604.55 585.90 477.90 527.43 538.61 536.31 533.73 543.48 568.45 589.94 534.81 553.25 575.86 578.12
udΩ-fl,j,a,d 814.67 836.23 859.89 872.64 709.80 762.37 787.98 792.76 750.18 769.35 820.96 854.09 745.22 752.00 791.39 772.57 666.65 686.68 712.76 745.00
udΩ-yqre,a,d 352.89 369.88 397.38 404.92 357.70 363.04 390.59 385.43 315.53 320.05 377.42 360.57 322.13 331.10 366.44 358.48 341.92 355.49 376.49 379.93
lrj,-yd,aueiaid 456.25 557.25 592.22 583.44 431.49 578.18 613.24 585.04 428.41 509.99 534.30 522.89 434.15 548.90 578.81 560.69 444.79 551.85 605.34 600.96
lrj,-lÜgd 1,036.15 1,063.71 1,109.34 1,139.09 1,066.27 1,095.17 1,115.60 1,142.40 939.85 980.56 1,047.93 1,073.44 877.50 898.97 916.93 941.22 969.31 1,031.61 1,066.98 1,070.18
l=l=,a uia 374.23 393.90 392.23 418.85 382.52 395.22 395.63 415.39 373.01 381.44 382.73 404.58 386.13 401.90 405.14 440.79 388.77 404.97 412.36 432.64
ì;a;r ^uOHu m%udK& tlla 14.26 15.03 16.18 15.82 14.84 15.80 16.88 16.26 14.03 14.76 15.69 15.74 14.08 14.82 15.88 15.40 14.59 15.23 16.61 16.20
ls˙msá ^foaYSh& .%Eï 400 336.64 325.00 325.00 325.00 336.23 325.00 325.00 325.00 337.49 325.00 325.00 325.00 337.62 325.00 325.00 325.00 336.73 325.00 325.00 325.00

W!j m<d; ol=Kq m<d; W;=re m<d; kef.kysr m<d; iuia; †jhsk
2015 2016 ^w& 2015 2016 ^w& 2015 2016 ^w& 2015 2016 ^w& 2015 2016 ^w&
md˙fNda.sl whs;u
m<uq fojk m<uq fojk m<uq fojk m<uq fojk m<uq fojk m<uq fojk m<uq fojk m<uq fojk m<uq fojk m<uq fojk
wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh wr®Oh
iïnd iy,a ^Wm˙u ñ,& 91.21 93.36 103.74 103.25 90.26 94.79 105.85 102.94 87.90 91.88 96.25 91.20 89.86 90.52 98.26 99.42 89.65 90.89 96.35 95.02
lel=Ω r;= ^Wm˙u ñ,& 80.91 65.69 62.57 67.88 76.38 61.74 58.65 65.01 74.23 69.16 66.92 71.56 80.92 70.34 67.66 72.18 80.03 70.32 67.67 71.51
úh<s ñ˙ia ^idudkH& 255.79 291.78 329.49 347.48 256.63 296.73 352.88 354.74 248.36 283.91 335.17 328.48 255.83 287.33 348.07 350.82 255.53 296.04 347.62 349.59
r;=ΩEKq 122.72 154.24 138.40 132.38 114.90 137.07 122.63 125.35 95.52 120.44 101.77 104.27 116.74 133.57 119.29 122.80 111.91 136.57 120.16 121.31
î ΩEKq ^wdkhksl& 94.17 108.97 79.31 91.96 91.34 112.77 73.66 86.51 95.45 114.20 82.29 94.92 95.62 117.17 81.49 93.71 93.44 113.15 78.56 91.00
wr®;dm,a ^foaYSh& 124.27 137.76 124.91 148.54 113.00 132.37 119.91 145.22 96.53 108.25 87.86 115.49 113.93 133.20 121.12 143.56 115.94 132.76 121.57 141.95
fndaxÑ 177.98 181.83 166.96 176.33 213.51 209.05 190.06 194.97 173.94 203.65 180.02 182.91 191.31 190.96 176.46 180.68 194.88 195.08 179.07 181.04
jÜglald 89.90 82.01 86.11 89.26 97.81 84.48 98.08 98.89 66.77 61.65 63.91 63.15 78.86 69.25 72.58 77.38 86.05 73.74 82.21 83.29
jïngq 104.28 100.88 106.09 88.54 95.41 88.17 101.98 81.71 106.52 111.66 108.52 78.39 117.60 104.39 114.49 94.14 105.82 99.42 109.53 85.95
fmd,a f.ähla ^f,dl=& 58.97 51.70 48.96 42.49 63.02 53.18 54.85 50.31 52.25 46.92 41.04 35.49 54.21 52.16 46.56 42.99 56.05 49.08 48.03 44.63
udΩ-n,hd 498.27 514.30 526.23 553.80 622.11 627.84 695.87 671.88 472.37 437.26 444.83 418.68 466.37 490.95 516.52 562.87 545.23 566.22 595.30 601.91
udΩ-fl,j,a,d 713.98 742.93 757.22 804.24 764.73 792.24 865.00 863.52 475.00 393.48 409.52 439.17 594.33 589.70 633.96 676.15 740.48 760.28 791.66 805.72
udΩ-yqre,a,d 340.27 347.63 366.59 383.22 346.27 336.65 376.20 348.99 287.23 285.78 292.79 311.06 287.48 301.41 313.77 327.47 333.13 341.75 372.01 372.16
lrj,-yd,aueiaid 432.55 555.43 603.65 582.92 435.50 553.34 607.30 585.65 469.26 482.04 503.29 509.80 424.25 564.45 559.41 510.43 441.47 545.68 579.87 564.24
lrj,-lÜgd 942.37 986.43 1,054.61 1,079.97 943.62 987.12 1,074.61 1,096.73 804.48 846.97 823.47 838.36 809.60 889.01 828.50 856.93 950.67 988.48 1,024.02 1,052.44
l=l=,a uia 387.40 407.37 425.47 442.41 373.22 379.92 380.70 412.45 391.63 386.14 362.54 386.65 380.62 397.64 392.19 411.81 380.60 393.33 393.13 418.77
ì;a;r ^uOHu m%udK& tlla 15.72 16.35 17.67 17.45 14.76 15.26 16.80 16.12 14.69 15.62 16.20 17.04 14.96 15.39 16.82 16.39 14.59 15.32 16.46 16.18
ls˙msá ^foaYSh& .%Eï 400 337.26 325.00 325.00 325.00 335.98 325.00 325.00 325.00 335.68 324.87 325.00 318.62 338.23 325.00 325.00 324.03 336.72 324.98 325.00 324.55
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 46 jeks ixLHd igyk
f;dard.;a NdKavj, f;d. ñ,
remsh,a remsh,a
f;d. ñf,ys idudkH f;d. ñf,ys idudkH
NdKavh tallh NdKavh tallh
2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w& 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w&
1' wdydr 6' Lksc f;,a ksIamdÈ;
wdkhkh l< iy,a fu'fgd' 1la 97,493 79,184 75,718 84,208 fmg%,a .eÆï 1la 822 790 543 535
újD; fj<|fmd< iy,a nqi,a 1 la 649 855 860 868 Tfgda ãi,a .eÆï 1la 551 547 438 434
;s˙Û= weg fu'fgd' 1 la 45,374 41,413 37,473 36,164 N+ñf;,a .eÆï 1la 484 456 271 230
;s˙Û= msá fu'fgd' 1 la 87,795 89,557 85,603 80,061
ì;a;r 100 1,232 1,190 1,291 1,426
388 418 437 492 7' f,day fkdjk ksIamdÈ;
udΩ ^jr®. 5 l idudkH& ^wd& ls' .%Eï 1la
isfuka;s ls' .%Eï' 50 la 890 895 900 900
wr®;dm,a ls' .%Eï 1la 84 91 94 102
weianiagia ;yvq - /,s ^96''Ÿ53"& iSÜ tlla 1,499 1,595 1,620 1,750
ld,Sk fkdjk t<jΩ ls' .%Eï 1la 49 53 81 83
weianiagia ;yvq ^me;s,s& iSÜ tlla 493 522 530 570
^jr®. 3 l idudkH& ^wd&
ld,Sk t<jΩ ls' .%Eï 1la 35 42 55 51
^jr®. 3 l idudkH& ^wd& 8' f,day ksIamdÈ;
fmd,a 100 2,828 3,310 4,245 3,696 oÛr jdfka fu'fgd' 1 la 142,000 142,000 138,583 135,000
fmd,a f;,a fu'fgd' 1 la 250,484 272,786 280,582 291,593 lïì weK ls' .%Eï' 50 la 3,855 3,879 3,348 3,300
úh<s ñ˙ia ls'.%Eï 1 la 183 189 222 273 WoΩ ;, ^9''Ÿ9"& tlla 795 795 795 795
wn ls' .%Eï 1la 207 203 205 202
r;=ΩEkq ls' .%Eï 1la 110 70 78 97
Wia ìï f;a ls'.%Eï 1 la 397 421 391 449 9' m%jdyk WmlrK
ue† ìï f;a ls' .%Eï 1la 411 407 361 427 mdme† tlla 10,785 10,728 11,645 11,750
my;a ìï f;a ls' .%Eï 1la 456 489 418 488 mdme† ghr® tlla 635 635 635 635
iSks fu'fgd' 1 la 67,891 64,137 55,118 75,070 f,d˙ ghr® ^8'25'' Ÿ 20''& tlla 26,206 27,025 26,240 25,681
neg˙ ^m%jdyk& tlla 6,552 6,552 6,552 6,552
2' uoHidr
rd fnda;,hla 61 59 62 70
138 143 164 193 10' úÿ,s WmlrK iemhSu
îr fnda;,hla
wdjr◊l lïì ógr 100 1,776 1,776 1,776 1,776
wrlal= - úfYaI fnda;,hla 793 846 939 1,063
iaúÉ ≥isula 2,953 2,342 2,342 2,342
wrlal= - fmd,a fnda;,hla 778 833 941 1,089
ì;a;s ma,.aia ^fidlÜia& ≥isula 305 303 301 345
iS,sx ú≥,s mxld tlla 4,299 3,853 3,900 3,940
3' frÈms<s iy mdjyka
fmdma,ska iy fjdhs,a fr† ógrhla 108 108 108 108
im;a;= l=Ügula 2,573 2,646 2,654 2,696 11' hkaf;%damlrK
j;=r fmdïm ^.Dy& tlla 27,720 27,720 27,473 27,473
4' lvÞis ksIamdÈ; j;=r fmdïm ^lDIs& tlla 81,749 81,749 76,366 71,712
>k fmÜá lv∞is fld< 100 la 1,679 1,745 1,775 1,775 j;=r fmdïm ^ldr®ñl& tlla 57,523 57,523 57,010 57,010

5' ridhk yd ridhk ⁄ksIamdÈ;

7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 12' bkaOk yd wdf,dalh
hQ˙hd fu' fgd' 1 la
ú≥,sh tallhlA 8 9 8 8
i,afmaÜ Tµa wefudakshd fu' fgd' 1 la 24,000 24,000 24,000 24,000
á%m,a iqmr® fmdiafmaÜ fu' fgd' 1 la 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000
13' úúO
fidaok inka leg 288 9,825 10,365 10,601 10,800 rnr® ^wdr®' tia' tia' 1& ls' .%Eï 1la 374 290 254 263
mshr áka ≥isula 861 901 915 915 l=re∫ fmd;= ls' .%Eï 1la 1,263 1,298 1,380 1,646

^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

^wd& .=fKda;a;r uOHkHh
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 47 jeks ixLHd igyk
jegqma m%udK o¾Yl ^rcfha fiajlhka&
2012=100
rcfha fiajlhka ^w&
f–HIaG uÜgfï ks,Od¯ka ;D;Shsl uÜgfï ks,Od¯ka oaú;ShSl uÜgfï ks,Od¯ka m%d:ñl uÜgfï ks,Od¯ka ishÆu uOHu rcfha ks,Od¯ka
ld,m˙Éf√oh
kdñl jegqma uQr®; jegqma kdñl jegqma uQr®; jegqma kdñl jegqma uQr®; jegqma kdñl jegqma uQr®; jegqma kdñl jegqma uQr®; jegqma
m%udK or®Yl m%udK or®Yl ^wd& m%udK or®Yl m%udK or®Yl ^wd& m%udK or®Yl m%udK or®Yl ^wd& m%udK or®Yl m%udK or®Yl ^wd& m%udK or®Yl m%udK or®Yl ^wd&

2013 103.6 101.4 106.0 103.8 106.5 104.3 106.8 104.6 106.3 104.1
2014 110.8 104.8 116.4 110.0 117.9 111.4 119.2 112.7 117.5 111.1
2015 134.6 122.7 149.0 135.8 155.8 142.0 162.9 148.5 154.8 141.1
2016 ^we& 141.4 123.9 155.5 136.3 161.6 141.7 170.4 149.4 160.8 140.9
2014 m<uq ldr®;=j 109.4 105.8 114.4 110.7 115.6 111.8 116.6 112.8 115.3 111.5
fojk ldr®;=j 109.4 103.8 114.4 108.6 115.6 109.7 116.6 110.7 115.3 109.4
f;jk ldr®;=j 109.4 102.3 114.4 107.0 115.6 108.1 116.6 109.1 115.3 107.8
isõjk ldr®;=j 115.2 107.1 122.3 113.8 124.8 116.1 127.2 118.3 124.3 115.6
2015 m<uq ldr®;=j 127.7 116.1 139.5 126.9 144.7 131.7 150.1 136.6 143.9 130.9
fojk ldr®;=j 134.4 124.0 148.7 137.2 155.4 143.4 162.5 149.9 154.4 142.5
f;jk ldr®;=j 138.2 126.9 154.0 141.4 161.6 148.4 169.6 155.7 160.4 147.3
isõjk ldr®;=j 138.2 123.7 154.0 137.7 161.6 144.5 169.6 151.7 160.4 143.5
2016 ^we& m<uq ldr®;=j 141.4 127.1 155.5 139.8 161.6 145.3 170.4 153.1 160.8 144.5
fojk ldr®;=j 141.4 123.9 155.5 136.3 161.6 141.6 170.4 149.3 160.8 140.9
f;jk ldr®;=j 141.4 123.6 155.5 136.0 161.6 141.4 170.4 149.0 160.8 140.6
isõjk ldr®;=j 141.4 121.1 155.5 133.2 161.6 138.4 170.4 145.9 160.8 137.7
2015 ckjd˙ 118.1 104.3 126.3 111.6 129.4 114.4 132.5 117.1 128.8 113.9
fmnrjd˙ 132.5 121.3 146.1 133.7 152.4 139.5 159.0 145.5 151.4 138.6
udr®;= 132.5 122.7 146.1 135.3 152.4 141.2 159.0 147.3 151.4 140.3
wfm%a,a 132.5 123.4 146.1 136.1 152.4 142.0 159.0 148.1 151.4 141.1
uehss 132.5 122.3 146.1 134.8 152.4 140.7 159.0 146.7 151.4 139.8
cqks 138.2 126.3 154.0 140.7 161.6 147.6 169.6 154.9 160.4 146.6
cQ,s 138.2 126.6 154.0 141.0 161.6 147.9 169.6 155.2 160.4 146.9
wf.daia;= 138.2 127.1 154.0 141.6 161.6 148.6 169.6 155.9 160.4 147.6
iema;eïnr® 138.2 127.1 154.0 141.6 161.6 148.6 169.6 155.9 160.4 147.6
Tlaf;danr® 138.2 126.2 154.0 140.6 161.6 147.5 169.6 154.8 160.4 146.5
fkdjeïnr® 138.2 123.1 154.0 137.1 161.6 143.8 169.6 150.9 160.4 142.8
foieïnr® 138.2 121.8 154.0 135.6 161.6 142.3 169.6 149.3 160.4 141.3
2016 ^we& ckjd˙ 138.2 123.1 154.0 137.1 161.6 143.8 169.6 150.9 160.4 142.8
fmnrjd˙ 138.2 124.4 154.0 138.5 161.6 145.4 169.6 152.6 160.4 144.4
udr®;= 147.7 133.8 158.6 143.7 161.8 146.6 172.1 155.9 161.5 146.4
wfm%a,a 141.4 126.3 155.5 138.9 161.6 144.4 170.4 152.2 160.8 143.6
uehss 141.4 124.0 155.5 136.4 161.6 141.7 170.4 149.4 160.8 141.0
cqks 141.4 121.4 155.5 133.5 161.6 138.8 170.4 146.3 160.8 138.1
cQ,s 141.4 122.4 155.5 134.6 161.6 139.9 170.4 147.5 160.8 139.2
wf.daia;= 141.4 124.4 155.5 136.8 161.6 142.2 170.4 149.9 160.8 141.5
iema;eïnr® 141.4 124.2 155.5 136.6 161.6 142.0 170.4 149.7 160.8 141.2
Tlaf;danr® 141.4 122.9 155.5 135.2 161.6 140.5 170.4 148.1 160.8 139.8
fkdjeïnr® 141.4 120.9 155.5 133.0 161.6 138.2 170.4 145.7 160.8 137.5
foieïnr® 141.4 119.4 155.5 131.4 161.6 136.6 170.4 144.0 160.8 135.9

^w& fuu or®Ylh u.ska f–HIaG" ;D;Shsl" oaú;ShSl iy m%d:ñl uÜgï hk ldKav ls¯u hgf;a ishÆ uÜgïj, rcfha fiajlhka wdjrKh flfr®' mokï ld,m˙Éf√ofha ° fiajd kshqla;s uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
jHqyh" 2012 jifr® ° meje;a jQ rdcH wxYfha fiajd kshqla;sh ms<sn| úfYaI jdr®Isl iólaIKhla u; mokï fõ' rdcH m˙md,k iy iajfoaY lghq;= wud;HxYh u.ska 2006 wfma%,a
25 jeks †k ksl=;a lrk ,o wxl 6$2006 ork rdcH m˙md,k pl%f,aLkfhys i|yka m˙† tla tla jD;a;Ska i|yd jQ wdrïNl jegqma;, iy w∞< °ukd or®Ylh .Kkh ls¯fï °
Ndú;d lr we;'
^wd& cd'md'ñ'o' ^2013 } 100& mokï fldgf.k .,md we;'
^we& ;djld,sl
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 48 jeks ixLHd igyk

jegqma m%udK o¾Yl ^mämd,l iNdj, lïlrejka&

1978 foieïnr®}100

mämd,l iNdj, lïlrejka ^w&

lDIslr®udka;fha kshq;= lr®udka; yd jdKsc fiajd wxYfha mämd,l iNd

lïlrejka ^wd& lghq;=j, kshq;= lïlrejka ^wE& lr®udka;j, kshq;=
ld,m˙Éf√oh lïlrejka ^we& lïlrejka ^b&
kdñl jegqma uQr®; jegqma kdñl jegqma uQr®; jegqma kdñl jegqma uQr®; jegqma kdñl jegqma uQr®; jegqma
m%udK m%udK m%udK m%udK m%udK m%udK m%udK m%udK
or®Yl or®Yl ^B& or®Yl or®Yl ^B& or®Yl or®Yl ^B& or®Yl or®Yl ^B&
2013 4,435.9 120.3 3,191.6 86.5 2,241.5 60.7 3,869.2 104.9
2014 4,560.9 119.7 3,459.1 90.8 2,313.2 60.7 4,012.2 105.3
2015 4,734.4 123.1 3,459.1 90.0 2,313.2 60.2 4,127.1 107.3
2016 ^W& 4,735.7 118.8 3,459.1 86.8 2,313.2 58.0 4,127.9 103.5

2014 m<uq ldr®;=j 4,449.0 118.2 3,459.1 91.9 2,313.2 61.4 3,938.1 104.6
fojk ldr®;=j 4,449.1 116.8 3,459.1 90.8 2,313.2 60.7 3,938.2 103.4
f;jk ldr®;=j 4,611.3 119.3 3,459.1 89.5 2,313.2 59.8 4,045.6 104.7
isõjk ldr®;=j 4,734.3 124.5 3,459.1 91.0 2,313.2 60.8 4,127.0 108.5
2015 m<uq ldr®;=j 4,734.4 124.1 3,459.1 90.7 2,313.2 60.6 4,127.1 108.2
fojk ldr®;=j 4,734.3 124.2 3,459.1 90.7 2,313.2 60.7 4,127.0 108.3
f;jk ldr®;=j 4,734.5 122.8 3,459.1 89.7 2,313.2 60.0 4,127.1 107.0
isõjk ldr®;=j 4,734.7 121.5 3,459.1 88.7 2,313.2 59.3 4,127.3 105.9
2016 ^W& m<uq ldr®;=j 4,735.6 121.8 3,459.1 89.0 2,313.2 59.5 4,127.8 106.2
fojk ldr®;=j 4,735.5 118.7 3,459.1 86.7 2,313.2 58.0 4,127.8 103.5
f;jk ldr®;=j 4,735.9 117.6 3,459.1 85.9 2,313.2 57.4 4,128.0 102.5
isõjk ldr®;j = 4,735.8 117.0 3,459.1 85.4 2,313.2 57.1 4,128.0 102.0
2015 ckjd˙ 4,734.3 122.0 3,459.1 89.1 2,313.2 59.6 4,127.0 106.3
fmnrjd˙ 4,734.5 124.9 3,459.1 91.3 2,313.2 61.0 4,127.2 108.9
udr®;= 4,734.3 125.5 3,459.1 91.7 2,313.2 61.3 4,127.0 109.4
wfm%a,a 4,734.2 125.2 3,459.1 91.5 2,313.2 61.2 4,126.9 109.1
uehs 4,734.2 124.3 3,459.1 90.8 2,313.2 60.7 4,127.0 108.3
cQks 4,734.3 123.1 3,459.1 89.9 2,313.2 60.1 4,127.0 107.3
cQ,s 4,734.4 122.3 3,459.1 89.3 2,313.2 59.7 4,127.1 106.6
wf.daia;= 4,734.5 122.9 3,459.1 89.8 2,313.2 60.0 4,127.1 107.1
iema;eïnr® 4,734.5 123.2 3,459.1 90.0 2,313.2 60.2 4,127.1 107.4
Tlaf;danr® 4,734.4 122.7 3,459.1 89.7 2,313.2 60.0 4,127.1 107.0
fkdjeïnr® 4,734.1 121.0 3,459.1 88.4 2,313.2 59.1 4,126.8 105.5
foieïnr® 4,735.6 120.7 3,459.1 88.2 2,313.2 59.0 4,127.9 105.2

2016 ^W& ckjd˙ 4,735.8 120.9 3,459.1 88.3 2,313.2 59.1 4,128.0 105.4
fmnrjd˙ 4,735.6 121.6 3,459.1 88.8 2,313.2 59.4 4,127.9 106.0
udr®;= 4,735.4 123.0 3,459.1 89.9 2,313.2 60.1 4,127.7 107.2
wfm%a,a 4,735.3 121.4 3,459.1 88.7 2,313.2 59.3 4,127.6 105.8
uehs 4,735.5 118.6 3,459.1 86.6 2,313.2 57.9 4,127.8 103.4
cQks 4,735.7 116.1 3,459.1 84.8 2,313.2 56.7 4,127.9 101.2
cQ,s 4,736.1 115.9 3,459.1 84.6 2,313.2 56.6 4,128.2 101.0
wf.daia;= 4,735.9 118.2 3,459.1 86.3 2,313.2 57.7 4,128.1 103.0
iema;eïnr® 4,735.6 118.6 3,459.1 86.6 2,313.2 57.9 4,127.9 103.4
Tlaf;danr® 4,735.6 117.8 3,459.1 86.1 2,313.2 57.6 4,127.9 102.7
fkdjeïnr® 4,735.8 117.1 3,459.1 85.5 2,313.2 57.2 4,128.0 102.1
foieïnr® 4,736.0 116.0 3,459.1 84.7 2,313.2 56.6 4,128.1 101.1
uQ,hka( lïlre fomdr®;fïka;=j
^w& 1978 foieïnr® 31 †k fiajfha fh° isá ixLHdj mokï fldg.;a nr ;eîï u; or®Yl wxl .Kkh lrkq ,efí' YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
or®Yl wxl .Kkh ls¯u i|yd fhdod f.k we;af;a mä md,l iNd u.ska wkqu; l< úúO lr®udka;j, wju
jegqmah'
^wd& f;a jeùu yd ksIamdok" rnr® jeùu yd ksIamdok" fmd,a" fldfldajd" lrouqx.= iy .ïñ˙ia jeùu iïnkaO fõ;k
muKla we;=<;a fõ'
^we& fíl˙ lr®udka;h" .fvd,a yd WΩ lr®udka;h" fmd,a ksIamdokh" uqøK" fr†ms<s" ghr® iy áhqí ksIamdokh" fldyq
.=†˙ iy ilia lrk ,o fldyq fl¢ wmkhk" fïia ksIamdokh" bx‚fkare lr®udka;h" we∫ï ksIamdokh" .sks fmÜá
ksIamdokh" ìialÜ iy rileú,s ksIamdokh" f;a wmkhkh iy rnr® wmkhk lr®udka; muKla we;=<;a fõ'
^wE& Ñ;%mg" fudagr® r: m%jdyk iy id;a;= fiajd muKla fuhg we;=<;a fõ'
^b& lDIslr®udka;" lr®udka; yd jd◊c lghq;= iy fiajd wxYfha kshqla; jQjka i|yd jQ taldnoaO or®Ylh
^B& fld'md'ñ'o' ^2006$07}100& mokï fldgf.k .,md we;'
^W& ;djld,sl
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 49 jeks ixLHd igyk
jegqma m%udK o¾Yl ^wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fiajlhka&
2012=100
wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fiajlhka
lDIsl¾udka; l¾udka; fiajd

ld,mßÉfþoh wúêu;a
bÈlsÍï f;d. yd fudag¾ r: fydag,a fm!oa.,sl
l=vd
ù fmd,a rn¾ f;a fjk;a lDIsl¾udka; l¾udka; is,a,r iy h;=remeÈ iy m%jdyk ikaksfõok fjk;a fiajd wxYh
jvq l¾udka;
fmof¾re fjk;a bÈlsÍï fj<|du w¿;ajeähdj wdmkYd,d
l¾udka;
kdñl jegqma m%udK o¾Yl
2013 110.6 115.3 113.5 110.5 110.6 111.2 107.3 107.5 112.4 108.7 110.3 110.1 109.3 108.1 108.8 108.1 107.8 109.1 108.9 109.8
2014 116.4 123.3 119.3 117.9 117.8 118.3 113.1 113.7 119.4 114.9 120.6 119.0 115.7 116.5 115.7 115.3 111.9 118.2 117.1 118.1
2015 130.1 128.9 126.3 128.3 127.9 128.3 120.4 120.5 129.1 122.6 131.6 129.0 121.9 126.4 122.7 121.2 119.6 125.3 123.9 126.7
2016 ^w& 142.3 136.1 133.4 135.0 138.5 136.9 131.9 132.8 141.6 134.7 143.0 140.7 128.3 139.7 131.7 130.6 125.3 134.4 132.8 136.7

2014 m<uq ldr®;=j 111.2 122.4 118.9 115.9 114.0 115.6 110.9 111.1 116.5 112.4 113.7 113.6 112.4 111.9 111.5 112.6 111.0 116.1 114.5 114.3
fojk ldr®;=j 112.6 121.9 117.6 116.6 116.8 116.7 112.1 112.9 118.9 114.1 116.6 116.2 114.6 114.0 114.6 114.3 109.8 116.0 115.3 115.9
f;jk ldr®;=j 119.2 124.0 119.9 119.2 118.9 119.6 113.3 114.5 119.0 115.2 124.8 121.8 116.8 119.8 117.2 116.1 112.7 118.4 117.7 119.7
isõjk ldr®;=j 122.4 125.0 120.8 119.8 121.7 121.2 116.0 116.2 123.3 117.9 127.4 124.5 118.8 120.3 119.5 118.2 114.3 122.2 120.8 122.3

2015 m<uq ldr®;=j 127.4 128.9 125.0 126.8 126.0 126.6 117.6 118.3 126.3 120.1 128.9 126.4 120.4 122.8 121.4 119.0 118.8 122.7 121.6 124.4
fojk ldr®;=j 128.2 127.8 127.0 129.3 128.0 128.4 118.7 118.6 128.0 121.0 131.7 128.5 120.7 125.2 122.0 119.9 118.6 124.5 123.0 126.2
f;jk ldr®;=j 132.5 127.4 125.1 128.7 127.0 128.1 120.8 120.4 129.3 122.8 131.2 128.8 122.1 126.9 121.8 120.9 119.5 124.3 123.3 126.4
isõjk ldr®;=j 132.3 131.4 128.3 128.5 130.8 129.9 124.3 124.8 132.9 126.6 134.5 132.3 124.4 130.8 125.7 124.9 121.5 129.6 127.8 130.0

2016 ^w& m<uq ldr®;=j 140.5 133.5 127.9 132.4 137.0 134.5 126.5 127.5 136.1 129.3 138.0 135.6 124.4 134.0 127.7 126.4 121.4 130.7 129.0 132.6
fojk ldr®;=j 137.9 134.7 130.2 130.0 136.7 133.5 129.8 130.7 139.5 132.6 139.9 138.0 126.6 138.6 130.1 129.2 123.6 133.5 131.7 134.5
f;jk ldr®;=j 144.7 137.6 134.3 135.4 138.6 137.6 134.2 134.6 143.5 136.7 144.6 142.4 130.1 142.1 133.0 132.0 126.9 135.1 133.9 138.0
isõjk ldr®;=j 146.1 138.7 141.0 142.0 141.7 142.0 137.2 138.6 147.4 140.3 149.4 146.9 132.0 144.3 136.0 134.9 129.4 138.1 136.7 141.8

2015 ckjd˙ 122.6 127.1 127.0 120.9 123.3 123.0 117.9 118.6 126.5 120.3 128.7 126.3 118.9 122.2 121.0 118.1 117.6 124.7 122.4 124.1
fmnrjd˙ 127.2 129.2 123.7 132.5 126.5 128.9 116.7 117.3 125.2 119.0 128.6 125.8 121.8 122.3 121.6 119.3 118.3 122.4 121.7 124.6
udr®;= 132.4 130.3 124.1 126.8 128.1 127.9 118.4 119.1 127.2 120.9 129.5 127.1 120.6 124.0 121.7 119.6 120.6 120.9 120.8 124.6
wfm%a,a 130.9 128.2 126.8 127.4 128.7 128.2 118.5 118.0 128.0 120.7 130.1 127.4 120.0 124.3 121.3 119.5 118.4 123.2 122.0 125.3
uehs 126.5 127.6 126.9 130.5 127.8 128.6 118.2 118.8 127.5 120.8 131.8 128.6 123.6 123.6 122.7 119.8 120.4 126.0 124.3 126.8
cQks 127.3 127.8 127.3 130.0 127.4 128.4 119.5 119.1 128.6 121.6 133.1 129.6 118.6 127.6 121.8 120.5 117.0 124.2 122.7 126.5
cQ,s 128.6 127.8 126.2 127.2 125.0 126.6 120.5 119.8 127.7 122.0 131.7 128.7 120.7 125.0 120.2 119.6 117.5 122.9 121.9 125.5
wf.daia;= 133.8 126.4 125.4 130.2 127.6 129.0 119.9 120.2 129.4 122.4 131.3 128.8 123.9 127.3 123.0 120.6 121.0 125.2 124.1 126.9
iema;eïnr® 135.2 127.9 123.6 128.7 128.3 128.8 121.9 121.1 130.9 123.9 130.7 128.9 121.7 128.5 122.1 122.5 119.9 124.9 124.0 126.8
Tlaf;danr® 133.4 129.2 127.4 126.4 129.0 128.4 122.8 122.9 131.9 125.2 133.6 131.2 124.5 129.1 124.9 124.5 122.6 128.0 126.7 128.8
fkdjeïnr® 132.0 132.6 127.9 130.4 131.0 130.7 124.3 124.3 132.9 126.5 134.2 132.1 123.8 131.1 125.9 125.0 120.5 129.1 127.5 129.9
foieïnr® 131.6 132.5 129.7 128.6 132.5 130.6 125.9 127.0 133.9 128.3 135.6 133.6 124.9 132.3 126.2 125.2 121.5 131.7 129.2 131.2

2016 ^w& ckjd˙ 139.4 132.3 129.7 131.8 140.0 135.1 124.8 125.7 133.6 127.3 136.8 134.1 124.8 133.0 127.7 125.4 120.3 129.5 128.1 131.7
fmnrjd˙ 142.5 133.1 125.5 133.9 136.5 134.9 127.2 127.9 136.0 129.6 137.4 135.3 124.6 134.4 129.0 126.4 122.0 130.9 129.1 132.6
udr®;= 139.5 135.2 128.4 131.4 134.6 133.4 127.5 128.8 138.7 130.8 139.7 137.4 123.8 134.5 126.5 127.5 122.0 131.8 129.7 133.4
wfm%a,a 136.8 133.8 130.7 129.7 134.9 132.6 128.4 128.9 137.4 130.9 138.8 136.6 126.6 137.1 128.8 128.7 122.8 133.5 131.5 133.7
uehs 137.3 135.2 131.1 128.4 138.1 133.3 129.9 131.0 140.9 133.1 139.5 138.0 127.5 139.5 130.2 129.2 124.4 134.8 132.7 134.9
cQks 139.6 135.0 128.8 132.0 137.2 134.5 131.2 132.2 140.2 133.8 141.4 139.3 125.7 139.2 131.2 129.6 123.6 132.0 130.8 134.9
cQ,s 140.7 138.1 131.7 135.1 136.9 136.3 131.6 132.7 141.3 134.4 141.2 139.5 127.9 139.8 131.0 128.5 124.5 133.2 131.7 135.7
wf.daia;= 145.0 135.2 133.1 132.7 139.1 136.4 134.0 134.5 143.1 136.5 143.9 141.9 130.9 142.4 132.5 132.4 126.7 135.4 134.3 137.7
iema;eïnr® 148.5 139.5 138.2 138.5 139.7 140.1 136.9 136.5 146.2 139.1 148.7 145.9 131.3 144.3 135.3 135.1 129.5 136.8 135.8 140.7
Tlaf;danr® 143.9 137.4 134.5 140.5 137.6 139.1 134.7 136.0 144.6 137.6 147.3 144.6 131.8 143.4 134.9 133.6 130.7 137.6 136.1 140.1
fkdjeïnr® 149.5 139.4 143.4 143.7 143.7 144.0 139.0 139.5 148.6 141.6 151.3 148.6 130.0 143.6 133.7 134.6 127.0 136.4 135.2 142.1
foieïnr® 144.9 139.4 145.1 141.8 143.9 143.0 138.0 140.2 149.0 141.6 149.6 147.6 134.2 145.7 139.2 136.7 130.5 140.4 138.9 143.1
^w& ;djld,sl ^iïnkaOhs&
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 49 jeks ixLHd igyk ^iïnkaOhs&
wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha idudkH ffoksl jegqma
2012=100

lDIsl¾udka; l¾udka; fiajd

ld,mßÉfþoh fudag¾ wúêu;a

bÈlsÍï f;d. yd fydag,a
l=vd r: iy fm!oa.,sl
ù fmd,a rn¾ f;a fjk;a lDIsl¾udka; l¾udka; is,a,r iy m%jdyk ikaksfõok fjk;a fiajd wxYh
jvq l¾udka; h;=remeÈ
fmof¾re fjk;a bÈlsÍï fj<|du wdmkYd,d
l¾udka; w¿;ajeähdj

uQ¾; jegqma m%udK o¾Yl ^wd&

2013 108.3 112.9 111.1 108.2 108.2 108.9 105.1 105.2 110.1 106.4 108.0 107.8 107.1 105.8 106.5 105.8 105.6 106.8 106.6 107.5
2014 110.0 116.6 112.8 111.4 111.4 111.8 106.9 107.4 112.9 108.6 114.0 112.5 109.3 110.1 109.3 109.0 105.8 111.7 110.6 111.6
2015 118.6 117.4 115.1 116.9 116.6 116.9 109.6 109.8 117.7 111.7 119.9 117.5 111.1 115.2 111.8 110.4 109.0 114.1 112.9 115.5
2016 ^w& 124.7 119.3 116.8 118.2 121.4 119.9 115.6 116.4 124.1 118.0 125.2 123.3 112.4 122.4 115.4 114.5 109.8 117.7 116.4 119.8

2014 m<uq ldr®;=j 107.5 118.4 115.0 112.1 110.2 111.7 107.2 107.5 112.6 108.7 109.9 109.8 108.7 108.2 107.8 108.9 107.3 112.3 110.8 110.6
fojk ldr®;=j 106.9 115.7 111.7 110.6 110.8 110.8 106.4 107.2 112.8 108.3 110.7 110.3 108.7 108.2 108.7 108.5 104.2 110.0 109.4 110.0
f;jk ldr®;=j 111.5 116.0 112.1 111.4 111.2 111.8 106.0 107.1 111.3 107.7 116.7 114.0 109.3 112.0 109.6 108.6 105.4 110.8 110.1 112.0
isõjk ldr®;=j 113.9 116.3 112.4 111.5 113.2 112.8 107.9 108.1 114.7 109.7 118.5 115.8 110.6 111.9 111.2 110.0 106.3 113.7 112.3 113.8

2015 m<uq ldr®;=j 115.9 117.1 113.5 115.2 114.5 115.1 106.9 107.5 114.8 109.1 117.1 114.9 109.4 111.6 110.3 108.1 108.0 111.4 110.5 113.1
fojk ldr®;=j 118.3 118.0 117.2 119.3 118.1 118.5 109.6 109.5 118.2 111.7 121.5 118.6 111.4 115.5 112.6 110.7 109.5 114.9 113.5 116.5
f;jk ldr®;=j 121.7 117.0 114.8 118.2 116.6 117.7 110.9 110.5 118.8 112.7 120.5 118.3 112.1 116.6 111.8 111.0 109.7 114.2 113.3 116.1
isõjk ldr®;=j 118.4 117.6 114.8 114.9 117.0 116.2 111.2 111.6 118.9 113.3 120.3 118.3 111.3 117.0 112.4 111.7 108.7 115.9 114.3 116.3

2016 ^w& m<uq ldr®;=j 126.3 120.0 114.9 119.0 123.2 120.8 113.7 114.6 122.3 116.2 124.0 121.9 111.8 120.4 114.8 113.6 109.1 117.5 115.9 119.2
fojk ldr®;=j 120.8 118.0 114.1 113.9 119.8 117.0 113.8 114.5 122.2 116.2 122.6 120.9 110.9 121.4 114.0 113.2 108.3 117.0 115.4 117.9
f;jk ldr®;=j 126.6 120.3 117.5 118.5 121.2 120.4 117.4 117.7 125.5 119.5 126.5 124.6 113.8 124.3 116.3 115.4 111.0 118.2 117.1 120.7
isõjk ldr®;=j 125.1 118.8 120.7 121.6 121.3 121.6 117.5 118.7 126.2 120.1 127.9 125.8 113.0 123.5 116.4 115.6 110.8 118.3 117.1 121.4

2015 ckjd˙ 108.4 112.3 112.3 106.9 109.0 108.7 104.2 104.8 111.8 106.3 113.7 111.7 105.1 108.0 106.9 104.4 103.9 110.2 108.2 109.7
fmnrjd˙ 116.5 118.3 113.3 121.3 115.8 118.0 106.8 107.4 114.7 109.0 117.7 115.2 111.5 112.0 111.3 109.2 108.3 112.1 111.4 114.1
udr®;= 122.7 120.7 115.0 117.5 118.7 118.5 109.7 110.4 117.9 112.0 120.0 117.7 111.7 114.9 112.7 110.8 111.8 112.1 111.9 115.4
wfm%a,a 121.9 119.4 118.2 118.7 120.0 119.5 110.4 109.9 119.3 112.5 121.2 118.7 111.8 115.8 113.1 111.3 110.3 114.8 113.7 116.7
uehs 116.8 117.7 117.1 120.5 117.9 118.7 109.1 109.7 117.7 111.5 121.7 118.7 114.1 114.1 113.3 110.6 111.1 116.4 114.7 117.0
cQks 116.3 116.8 116.3 118.8 116.4 117.3 109.2 108.8 117.5 111.1 121.6 118.4 108.4 116.6 111.3 110.1 107.0 113.5 112.1 115.6
cQ,s 117.8 117.0 115.5 116.5 114.4 115.9 110.3 109.7 116.9 111.7 120.6 117.9 110.5 114.4 110.1 109.5 107.6 112.5 111.6 114.9
wf.daia;= 123.0 116.3 115.4 119.7 117.4 118.7 110.3 110.6 119.0 112.6 120.7 118.4 114.0 117.0 113.1 110.9 111.3 115.1 114.2 116.7
iema;eïnr® 124.3 117.7 113.7 118.4 118.0 118.4 112.1 111.4 120.4 113.9 120.2 118.5 111.9 118.2 112.3 112.6 110.3 114.9 114.0 116.6
Tlaf;danr® 121.8 118.0 116.3 115.4 117.8 117.2 112.1 112.2 120.5 114.3 122.0 119.8 113.6 117.9 114.0 113.6 111.9 116.8 115.7 117.6
fkdjeïnr® 117.5 118.0 113.9 116.1 116.7 116.4 110.7 110.7 118.3 112.6 119.5 117.6 110.2 116.7 112.1 111.3 107.2 114.9 113.5 115.6
foieïnr® 115.9 116.7 114.2 113.3 116.7 115.0 110.8 111.9 117.9 113.0 119.4 117.7 110.0 116.5 111.2 110.2 107.0 116.0 113.8 115.6

2016 ^w& ckjd˙ 124.1 117.7 115.5 117.3 124.6 120.3 111.1 111.9 118.9 113.4 121.8 119.3 111.1 118.4 113.6 111.6 107.1 115.3 114.0 117.3
fmnrjd˙ 128.2 119.8 112.9 120.5 122.8 121.3 114.4 115.0 122.4 116.7 123.6 121.7 112.1 121.0 116.1 113.7 109.7 117.7 116.2 119.3
udr®;= 126.4 122.5 116.4 119.1 122.0 120.9 115.5 116.8 125.7 118.6 126.7 124.5 112.2 121.9 114.7 115.5 110.6 119.4 117.5 120.9
wfm%a,a 122.2 119.6 116.8 115.9 120.5 118.5 114.7 115.2 122.8 116.9 124.0 122.0 113.1 122.5 115.1 115.0 109.7 119.3 117.5 119.5
uehs 120.4 118.5 115.0 112.6 121.1 116.9 113.9 114.8 123.6 116.7 122.3 121.0 111.8 122.3 114.2 113.3 109.1 118.2 116.3 118.3
cQks 119.9 115.9 110.6 113.4 117.8 115.5 112.6 113.5 120.4 114.9 121.4 119.6 107.9 119.5 112.7 111.3 106.2 113.4 112.3 115.8
cQ,s 121.8 119.5 114.0 117.0 118.5 117.9 113.9 114.8 122.3 116.3 122.2 120.7 110.7 121.0 113.4 111.2 107.7 115.3 114.0 117.4
wf.daia;= 127.6 119.0 117.1 116.8 122.4 120.0 118.0 118.4 125.9 120.1 126.7 124.9 115.2 125.3 116.6 116.5 111.5 119.2 118.1 121.2
iema;eïnr® 130.5 122.5 121.4 121.7 122.8 123.1 120.3 119.9 128.4 122.2 130.6 128.2 115.3 126.7 118.9 118.7 113.8 120.1 119.3 123.6
Tlaf;danr® 125.1 119.4 116.9 122.1 119.6 120.9 117.0 118.2 125.7 119.6 128.0 125.7 114.6 124.7 117.3 116.1 113.6 119.6 118.3 121.7
fkdjeïnr® 127.9 119.2 122.6 122.9 122.8 123.1 118.8 119.3 127.1 121.1 129.4 127.0 111.1 122.8 114.3 115.1 108.6 116.6 115.6 121.5
foieïnr® 122.4 117.8 122.6 119.8 121.6 120.8 116.6 118.5 125.9 119.6 126.4 124.7 113.4 123.1 117.6 115.5 110.3 118.6 117.3 120.9
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& cd' md' ñ' o' ^2013}100& mokï fldgf.k .,md we;'
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 50 jeks ixLHd igyk
wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha idudkH ffoksl jegqma ^w&
remsh,a
f;a rnr® fmd,a ^we& ù jvq ldr®ñl ^we& fmofr®re ^we&
ld,m˙Éf√oh
m%Odk mqyqKq iy m%Odk mqyqKq iy
^wd& mqreI ia;S% mqreI ia;S% mqreI mqreI ia;S%
jvq ldr®ñl kqmqyqKq fmofr®re kqmqyqKq
2013 764 565 853 652 997 882 667 1,334 903 1,304 900
2014 819 598 881 702 1,061 954 678 1,406 958 1,376 955
2015 887 656 931 742 1,114 1,056 765 1,486 1,034 1,450 1,029
2016 ^wE& 952 673 978 786 1,182 1,148 810 1,622 1,131 1,596 1,131

2014 m<uq ldr®;=j 809 584 886 692 1,054 903 662 1,370 930 1,348 933
fojk ldr®;=j 815 587 871 689 1,051 918 656 1,395 946 1,369 945
f;jk ldr®;=j 822 611 877 714 1,065 964 689 1,418 958 1,379 955
isõjk ldr®;=j 830 610 889 713 1,075 1,029 703 1,441 999 1,408 989

2015 m<uq ldr®;=j 860 665 930 727 1,108 1,034 760 1,455 1,011 1,425 1,008
fojk ldr®;=j 888 667 947 737 1,104 1,046 754 1,468 1,023 1,429 1,018
f;jk ldr®;=j 897 651 923 735 1,102 1,065 770 1,491 1,036 1,451 1,028
isõjk ldr®;=j 904 641 922 767 1,140 1,079 775 1,531 1,065 1,494 1,063

2016 ^wE& m<uq ldr®;=j 928 663 926 758 1,158 1,125 815 1,558 1,089 1,533 1,085
fojk ldr®;=j 927 641 953 774 1,172 1,119 781 1,588 1,113 1,567 1,112
f;jk ldr®;=j 954 680 987 795 1,193 1,169 825 1,652 1,143 1,620 1,146
isõjk ldr®;=j 998 709 1,045 818 1,203 1,178 818 1,689 1,177 1,663 1,183

2015 ckjd˙ 826 628 927 757 1,097 1,010 729 1,453 1,019 1,427 1,008
fmnrjd˙ 885 709 942 699 1,107 1,051 765 1,446 999 1,416 997
udr®;= 869 656 921 726 1,119 1,041 784 1,465 1,015 1,433 1,020
wfm%a,a 884 648 946 736 1,107 1,050 751 1,469 1,029 1,426 1,013
uehs 891 679 940 742 1,092 1,029 772 1,466 1,014 1,428 1,022
cQks 890 673 954 734 1,112 1,057 739 1,469 1,026 1,432 1,019
cQ,s 894 637 924 749 1,099 1,035 739 1,489 1,028 1,442 1,018
wf.daia;= 889 677 929 734 1,097 1,074 768 1,477 1,033 1,447 1,028
iema;eïnr® 908 639 917 722 1,111 1,086 805 1,507 1,048 1,464 1,038
Tlaf;danr® 900 621 930 759 1,119 1,071 753 1,511 1,060 1,470 1,055
fkdjeïnr® 902 666 900 758 1,147 1,080 792 1,534 1,064 1,486 1,062
foieïnr® 912 635 936 783 1,154 1,087 780 1,548 1,072 1,525 1,071

2016 ^wE& ckjd˙ 938 646 932 788 1,145 1,112 823 1,541 1,072 1,515 1,069
fmnrjd˙ 922 689 903 761 1,155 1,136 840 1,563 1,090 1,534 1,086
udr®;= 925 655 943 726 1,176 1,128 783 1,570 1,105 1,550 1,099
wfm%a,a 922 638 950 784 1,162 1,112 772 1,577 1,098 1,552 1,096
uehs 925 619 957 782 1,177 1,120 767 1,577 1,121 1,560 1,117
cQks 933 667 953 756 1,177 1,126 803 1,610 1,121 1,588 1,122
cQ,s 954 685 972 774 1,200 1,145 790 1,622 1,122 1,599 1,124
wf.daia;= 943 653 979 786 1,174 1,149 858 1,661 1,141 1,623 1,148
iema;eïnr® 965 701 1,010 824 1,205 1,214 827 1,674 1,167 1,638 1,165
Tlaf;danr® 984 706 996 769 1,186 1,162 811 1,661 1,149 1,635 1,154
fkdjeïnr® 997 731 1,054 848 1,207 1,193 846 1,694 1,194 1,668 1,195
foieïnr® 1,014 691 1,086 838 1,216 1,179 797 1,711 1,188 1,686 1,199

^w& jegqma" °m jHdma; o;a; /ia ls¯fï jevigyk u.ska wdjrKh jk f;dr;=re uOHia:dkj, idudkH udisl jegqm u; mokï ù we; ^2012-2013( uOHia:dk 102" uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
2014-2016( uOHia:dk 106&' fuu jegqmaj,ska lEu rys;j uqo,ska lrk ,o f.ùï ksrEmKh flfr®'
^wd& fuys olajd we;s udisl ixLHd lïlrejkaf.a ffoksl jegqmaj, idudkHh jk w;r jdr®Il s iy ldr®;u
= h ixLHd" udisl ixLHdj, idudkHh fõ'
^we& fuu wxYj, ldka;d iyNd.s;ajh wju uÜgul mj;S'
^wE& ;djld,sl
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 51 jeks ixLHd igyk

m<d;a wkqj wúêu;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha idudkH ffoksl jegqma 2015-2016 ^w&
remsh,a

wxYh niakdysr m<d; uOHu m<d; W;=re ueo m<d; jhU m<d; inr.uqj m<d;
2015 2016 ^wd& 2015 2016 ^wd& 2015 2016 ^wd& 2015 2016 ^wd& 2015 2016 ^wd&
1' lDIsl¾udka; wxYh
f;a
mqreI 954 1,031 844 910 - - - - 879 907
ia;%S 741 787 554 538 - - - - 708 753
rnr®
mqreI 950 995 455 600 - - 962 994 892 932
ia;%S 726 750 455 600 - - 630 631 704 760
fmd,a ^we&
mqreI 1,104 1,164 1,103 1,182 1,093 1,169 1,160 1,215 1,075 1,087
ù
mqreI 1,047 1,158 940 1,015 1,120 1,188 1,002 1,087 967 1,014
ia;%S 668 775 655 654 888 952 674 692 752 832
2' bÈlsÍï wxYh ^we&
jvq lr®udka;h
jvq ldr®ñl - mqreI 1,586 1,802 1,431 1,554 1,501 1,571 1,460 1,587 1,433 1,524
mqyqKq yd kqmqyqKq w;a Woõlre - mqreI 1,077 1,205 1,041 1,116 1,078 1,155 1,014 1,112 891 943
fmofr®re
jvq ldr®ñl - mqreI 1,524 1,764 1,420 1,543 1,497 1,579 1,426 1,576 1,397 1,489
mqyqKq yd kqmqyqKq w;a Woõlre - mqreI 1,057 1,185 1,033 1,114 1,097 1,156 1,010 1,123 925 988

wxYh W!j m<d; ol=Kq m<d; W;=re m<d; kef.kysr m<d; uqΩ †jhsk ^wE&
2015 2016 ^wd& 2015 2016 ^wd& 2015 2016 ^wd& 2015 2016 ^wd& 2015 2016 ^wd&
1' lDIsl¾udka; wxYh
f;a
mqreI 893 991 900 965 - - - - 889 952
ia;%S 663 696 652 696 - - - - 656 672
rnr®
mqreI 1,018 1,124 756 755 - - - - 931 980
ia;%S 827 937 521 528 - - - - 740 789
fmd,a ^we&
mqreI 1,010 1,153 1,082 1,136 1,156 1,191 1,104 1,254 1,114 1,181
ù
mqreI 973 1,118 1,101 1,174 1,173 1,223 1,077 1,270 1,058 1,146
ia;%S 850 889 933 943 747 733 811 953 763 804
2' bÈlsÍï wxYh ^we&
jvq lr®udka;h
jvq ldr®ñl - mqreI 1,501 1,618 1,507 1,631 1,394 1,424 1,493 1,712 1,487 1,619
mqyqKq yd kqmqyqKq w;a Woõlre - mqreI 917 1,024 1,060 1,191 1,081 1,118 998 1,103 1,034 1,129
fmofr®re lr®udka;h
fmofr®re - mqreI 1,455 1,578 1,455 1,612 1,388 1,418 1,424 1,613 1,450 1,593
mqyqKq yd kqmqyqKq w;a Woõlre - mqreI 918 1,032 1,047 1,197 1,080 1,120 991 1,097 1,029 1,130
^w& lEu rys; ffoksl jegqm uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& fuu wxYj, ldka;d iyNd.S;ajh wju uÜgul mj;S'
^wE& o;a; jeghSu ksid m<d;a o;a;j, idudkHfhka iuia; †jhsfkysu fõ;kj, idudkHh fmkakqï fkdl, yelsh'
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 52 jeks ixLHd igyk

ck.ykh ms<sn| uQ,sl o;a;

ldKavh 2001 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011^w& 2012^w& 2013^w& 2014^wd& 2015^wd& 2016^wd&

ue† jir ck.ykh ^oyia .Kkska& ^we& 18,797 19,858 20,039 20,246 20,476 20,675 20,892 20,425 20,585 20,771 20,966 21,203
wjqre≥ 0 - 14 4,942 5,220 5,266 5,320 5,380 5,434 5,491 5,148 5,188 5,235 5,288 5,348
wjqre≥ 15 - 54 11,374 12,016 12,126 12,253 12,391 12,512 12,643 11,680 11,773 11,879 11,989 12,124
wjqre≥ 55 iy by< 2,481 2,622 2,647 2,673 2,705 2,729 2,758 3,597 3,624 3,657 3,689 3,731

ue† jir ck.yk jr®Ok wkqmd;h ^]& 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.1

o< Wm;a wkqmd;slh" oyilg 19.1 18.8 19.3 18.5 (w) 18.0 (w) 17.6 17.3 17.6 17.8 16.9 16.0 15.6

o< urK wkqmd;slh" oyilg 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.1 (w) 6.2 (w) 6.3 (w) 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2

iajNdúl jr®Ok wkqmd;slh" oyilg 13.1 (w) 12.9 13.4 (w) 12.4 (w) 11.8 (w) 11.3 (w) 11.4 11.6 11.6 10.7 9.7 9.4

Y=oaO ixl%u◊l wkqmd;slh" oyilg -0.9 -1.5 -1.8 -2.2 (w) -1.4 (w) -1.1 -2.2 -2.5 -2.3 -2.0 0.7 2.1

<ore urK wkqmd;slh" i„ù Wm;a oyilg 12.6 10.0 8.6 (w) 9.0 9.7 (w) 9.9 9.1 8.5 8.2 ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd'

ck >k;ajh" j'ls'ó' 1 lg mqoa.,hka 300 317 320 (w) 323 327 330 333 326 328 331 334 338

^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( fr‚iag%dr® fckrd,a fomdr®;fïka;=j

^wd& ;djld,sl ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^we& 2011 olajd jQ uOH jdr®Isl ck.yk weia;fïka;=" 2001 ck yd ksjdi ix.Kkh u; mokïj we;s w;r 2012 isg
b†˙hg tu weia;fïka;= 2012 ck yd ksjdi ix.Kkh u; mokïj we;'

ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 53 jeks ixLHd igyk

Èia;s%lal wkqj ck.ykh

mqoa.,hska Z000

†ia;s%lalh 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

1981 ^w& 2001 ^wd& 2006 ^wd& 2007 ^wd& 2008 ^wd& 2009 ^wd& 2010 ^wd&
^wd&^we& ^we&^wE& ^we&^wE& ^wE&^b& ^wE&^b& ^wE&^b&
fld<U 1,699 2,251 2,438 2,473 2,507 2,543 2,573 2,606 2,330 2,339 2,357 2,375 2,395
.ïmy 1,391 2,064 2,123 2,138 2,149 2,163 2,176 2,189 2,310 2,324 2,338 2,354 2,372
lΩ;r 830 1,066 1,108 1,118 1,126 1,135 1,142 1,151 1,225 1,233 1,241 1,250 1,261
.d,a, 815 991 1,040 1,052 1,062 1,074 1,084 1,094 1,066 1,074 1,082 1,091 1,102
ud;r 644 761 804 813 821 830 839 847 817 824 831 837 845
yïnkaf;dg 424 526 548 554 559 566 572 577 602 610 619 628 637
n≥,a, 641 780 842 855 866 879 891 902 818 826 835 844 854
fudKrd., 274 398 421 426 432 437 442 447 453 460 466 472 479
uykqjr 1,048 1,279 1,368 1,387 1,404 1,422 1,437 1,455 1,381 1,391 1,402 1,416 1,434
ud;f,a 357 441 470 476 482 489 496 503 486 491 496 502 508
kqjrt<sh 604 704 738 745 751 757 763 769 715 724 733 740 748
lE.,a, 685 786 802 808 812 818 823 828 843 849 855 861 869
r;akmqr 797 1,016 1,082 1,095 1,107 1,122 1,136 1,149 1,092 1,102 1,115 1,127 1,140
l=reKE., 1,212 1,460 1,517 1,530 1,541 1,556 1,569 1,583 1,624 1,634 1,645 1,658 1,676
mq;a;,u 493 710 749 758 766 776 784 794 765 771 780 790 801
wkqrdOmqr 588 745 790 800 809 819 829 839 864 874 883 893 905
fmdf<dkakrej 262 359 382 395 400 405 409 415 408 411 415 419 425
wïmdr 389 593 632 615 624 635 644 654 652 658 667 677 691
uvl,mqj 330 486 523 523 529 537 543 549 528 531 535 541 550
;s%l=Kdu,h 256 340 370 355 362 368 374 381 381 385 391 397 404
hdmkh ^B& 739 491 520 524 528 532 536 542 585 589 593 597 602
ls,sfkdÉÑh ^B& 92 127 140 143 147 149 150 154 114 116 118 120 122
ukakdru 106 152 159 160 161 161 162 163 100 101 103 104 106
uq,;sõ 77 121 129 132 135 136 129 125 93 93 94 94 95
jjqkshdj 95 150 163 164 166 167 172 176 173 175 177 179 182
uqΩ¿ .Kk 14,847 18,797 19,858 20,039 20,246 20,476 20,675 20,892 20,425 20,585 20,771 20,966 21,203
^w& 1981 ck yd ksjdi ix.Kkh uQ,h( fr‚iag%dr® fckrd,a fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& 2001 ck yd ksjdi ix.Kkh mokï fldgf.k ilia lr we;'
^we& ixfYdaê;
^wE& 2012 ck yd ksjdi ix.Kkh mokï fldgf.k ilia lr we;'
^b& ;djld,sl
^B& 1981 ck yd ksjdi ix.Kkfha ° hdmkh yd ls,sfkdÉÑh tla †ia;s%lalhla f,i mej;sho ±kg mj;sk †ia;%slal
jHQyh yd .e,mSu i|yd 1981 ° †ia;s%lal fol i|yd ck.yk o;a; fjku olajd we;'
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 54 jeks⁄ ixLHd igyk

Y%u n,ld iyNd.s;aj wkqmd;slh ^w&

m%;sY;h
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
2006 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2012 2012 2016
ldKavh ^b&^B& ^b&^B& ^b&^B& ^b&^B& ^b&^B&
^wd&^we& ^wd&^we& ^wd&^we& ^wd&^wE& ^wd&^we& ^wd&^wE& ^wd&^we& ^wd&^wE& ^wd&^wE& ^wd&^wE& ^wd&^b& ^b&^B&^W&
^W&^W!& ^W&^W!& ^W&^W!& ^W&^W!& ^W&^W!&
jhia ldKav wkqj
wjqre≥ 10 - 14 ''' ''' ''' ''' ''' ''' ''' ''' ''' ''' ''' ''' ''' ''' ''' ... ...
wjqre≥ 15 - 19 23.6 19.2 19.8 19.7 19.0 19.0 17.3 17.2 16.5 16.2 15.1 14.8 14.7 16.2 15.2 15.0 13.8
wjqre≥ 20 - 24 63.1 62.5 62.7 61.6 59.4 58.7 56.6 55.9 54.8 54.4 55.0 54.7 54.5 55.0 52.7 55.5 55.6
wjqre≥ 25 - 29 66.2 66.3 66.9 66.0 67.0 66.2 64.8 64.2 66.4 66.1 64.8 64.6 64.4 64.7 63.8 65.4 65.8
wjqre≥ 30 - 39 72.2 69.2 69.0 68.1 69.1 68.3 67.9 67.2 67.9 67.4 65.9 65.8 65.7 67.9 68.0 67.4 67.6
wjqre≥ 40 yd Bg jeä 55.9 55.6 55.1 54.8 53.8 53.7 54.0 53.8 53.6 53.1 53.2 52.7 52.7 54.1 53.4 54.0 54.4
ia;%S mqreI Ndjh wkqj
mqreI 68.1 67.8 67.9 67.8 66.7 66.6 67.3 67.1 66.5 74.0 67.0 66.8 74.9 74.9 74.6 74.7 75.1
ia;S% 35.7 33.4 34.3 33.2 33.7 33.0 32.1 31.2 31.8 34.3 30.3 29.9 32.9 35.4 34.6 35.9 35.9
wxY wkqj
kd.˙l 45.3 45.0 46.3 45.9 43.9 43.5 42.5 42.0 44.0 47.8 44.0 43.7 48.3 47.7 48.7 48.6 49.7
.%dóh 52.1 50.4 50.7 50.0 49.9 49.4 49.5 49.0 48.8 53.8 48.5 48.0 53.4 54.9 54.1 54.8 54.6
iuia; wkqmd;slh 51.2 49.8 50.2 49.5 49.2 48.7 48.6 48.1 48.2 52.9 47.6 47.2 52.5 53.7 53.2 53.8 53.8
uqΩ¿ Y%u n,ldh Z000 7,599 7,489 7,569 8,082 7,572 8,074 7,610 8,108 8,236 7,926 8,120 8,465 7,798 8,034 8,049 8,214 8,311
^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2011 jifr® isg b†˙hg" uqΩ †jhsku wdjrKh jk m˙† jhi uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
wjq' 15 iy Bg jeä l=gqïn ck.ykh u; mokï jQ o;a; i`oyd kej; nr ;enQ iy ixfYdaê; Y%u n,ld o;a;
fY%a◊hla 2016 cQ,s udifha ° m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,°'
^wd& Y%u n,ldh" jhi wjq' 10 iy Bg jeä l=gqïn ck.ykfhys m%;sY;hla jYfhka ±lafõ'
^we& W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;a Y%u n,ld ióCIKhg we;=<;a lr fkdue;'
^wE& W;=re m<d; Y%u n,ld iólaIKhg we;=<;a lr fkdue;'
^b& uqΩ †jhsku wdjrKh jk m˙† o;a; we;=<;a fõ'
^B& Y%u n,ldh" jhi wjq' 15 iy Bg jeä l=gqïn ck.ykfhys m%;sY;hla jYfhka ±lafõ'
^W& ;djld,sl
^W!& ixfYdaê;

ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 55 jeks ixLHd igyk

/lshdfõ fiajd ;;a;ajh wkqj fiajd kshqla;sh ^w&

m%;sY;h
fm!oa.,sl iajhx f.ùula
rdcH wxYfha wxYfha /lshdj, fkd,o mjqf,a
ld,m˙Éf√oh fiajHhka tl;=j
fiajlhka fiajlhka kshq;= jQjka fiajlhka
2006 ^wd&^we& 13.4 42.1 3.1 30.8 10.5 100.0
2007 ^wd&^we& 13.8 42.7 2.8 30.4 10.3 100.0
2008 ^wd&^we& 14.9 41.1 3.0 30.2 10.8 100.0
2008 ^wd&^wE& 15.2 41.2 2.9 30.2 10.5 100.0
2009 ^wd&^we& 15.2 42.1 2.7 29.0 11.0 100.0
2009 ^wd&^wE& 15.5 42.1 2.6 29.2 10.6 100.0
2010 ^wd&^we& 13.9 41.3 2.7 31.5 10.7 100.0
2010 ^wd&^wE& 14.3 41.2 2.6 31.5 10.4 100.0
2011 ^wd&^wE& 14.3 40.4 2.9 31.4 11.0 100.0
2011 ^b&^B&^W&^W!& 14.6 40.5 2.9 31.5 10.6 100.0
2012 ^wd&^wE& 15.0 41.4 2.8 31.8 9.0 100.0
2012 ^wd&^b& 15.1 41.3 2.8 31.9 8.9 100.0
2012 ^b&^B&^W&^W!& 15.3 41.2 2.8 31.9 8.7 100.0
2013 ^b&^B&^W&^W!& 15.2 40.5 3.0 32.2 9.1 100.0
2014 ^b&^B&^W&^W!& 15.5 40.9 2.7 32.0 8.9 100.0

2015 ^b&^B&^W&^W!& 15.1 41.0 3.1 32.3 8.4 100.0

m<uq ldr®;=j 14.9 40.2 2.7 33.2 9.0 100.0
fojk ldr®;=j 15.8 41.7 3.0 32.1 7.4 100.0
f;jk ldr®;=j 14.5 40.3 3.4 32.5 9.3 100.0
isõjk ldr®;=j 15.3 41.9 3.3 31.6 8.0 100.0

2016 ^b&^B&^W& 14.6 43.3 2.7 31.6 7.8 100.0

m<uq ldr®;=j 14.7 41.9 2.9 32.5 7.9 100.0
fojk ldr®;=j 15.1 42.6 2.9 31.6 7.8 100.0
f;jk ldr®;=j 14.5 44.8 2.3 30.5 7.8 100.0
isõjk ldr®;=j 14.0 43.6 2.8 31.8 7.8 100.0
^w& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2011 jifr® isg b†˙hg" uqΩ †jhsku wdjrKh jk m˙† jhi uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
wjq' 15 iy Bg jeä l=gqïn ck.ykh u; mokï jQ o;a; i`oyd kej; nr ;enQ iy ixfYdaê; Y%u n,ld o;a;
fY%a◊hla 2016 cQ,s udifha ° m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,°'
^wd& jhi wjq' 10 iy Bg jeä l=gqïn ck.ykh
^we& W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;a Y%u n,ld ióCIKhg we;=<;a lr fkdue;'
^wE& W;=re m<d; Y%u n,ld iólaIKhg we;=<;a lr fkdue;'
^b& uqΩ †jhsku wdjrKh jk m˙† o;a; we;=<;a fõ'
^B& jhi wjq' 15 iy Bg jeä l=gqïn ck.ykh
^W& ;djld,sl
^W!& ixfYdaê;
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 56 jeks ixLHd igyk

wd¾Ól ls%hdldß;ajh wkqj fiajd kshqla;sh ^w& ^wd& ^we& ^wE&

mqoa.,hka Z000
2016
2013 2014 2015
wxYh m<uq fojk f;jk isõjk
^b& ^b& ^b& jdr®Isl
ldr®;=j ldr®;=j ldr®;=j ldr®;=j

lDIsl¾udka; 2,321 2,223 2,245 2,275 1,962 2,169 2,210 2,154

l¾udka; 1,997 2,027 2,018 2,068 2,121 2,145 2,055 2,098

m;,a yd leӕ 91 75 61 68 59 70 43 60
ksIamdok 1,366 1,389 1,408 1,424 1,450 1,440 1,369 1,421
b†ls¯ï" ú≥,sh" .Eia" jdIam iy jdhq iólrK iemhqu" c,h tl;=
540 564 550 576 613 635 644 617
ls¯u" ms˙is≥ ls¯u yd fnodye¯u ^f.dú;eka lghq;= yer&
fiajd 3,363 3,450 3,568 3,626 3,732 3,686 3,741 3,696

f;d. iy is,a,r fj<πu" fudagr® jdyk yd h;=re me†

1,046 1,012 1,060 1,047 1,138 1,105 1,119 1,102
wÆ;a jeähd ls¯u
m%jdykh iy .nvd ls¯ï 468 481 480 513 540 485 527 516
kjd;eka yd wdydr iemhSï 171 181 203 205 185 208 214 203
f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok m%ldYk lghq;= 55 63 52 46 74 73 53 62
uQ,H iy rlaIK lghq;= 137 146 145 170 166 157 145 159
jD;a;Sh" úoHd;aul yd ;dlaIK lghq;= 61 47 65 67 52 46 54 55
m˙md,kuh iy iydh fiajd lghq;= 96 101 120 113 97 97 122 107
rdcH m˙md,k iy wdrlaIKh w;HjYH iudc wdrlaIKh 570 594 600 633 608 581 615 609
wOHdmkh 302 314 324 340 325 358 353 344
uyck fi!LHh iy iudc fiajd lghq;= 128 127 137 137 136 151 143 142
fjk;a ^B& 328 382 381 354 412 425 397 397

uqΩ¿ fiajd kshqla;sh 7,681 7,700 7,831 7,969 7,815 8,000 8,007 7,948

Y%u n,ldfha m%;sY;h 95.6 95.7 95.3 95.8 95.4 95.5 95.8 95.6
^w& jhi wjq' 15 iy Bg jeä l=gqïn ck.ykh uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& cd;Hka;r m%ñ; lr®udka; jr®.SlrK 4 jk ixfYdaOkh u; mokï fõ'
^we& ;djld,sl
^wE& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïk;=j úiska 2011 jifr® isg b†˙hg" kej; nr ;enQ iy ixfYdaê; Y%u n,ld
o;a; fY%a◊hla 2016 cQ,s udifha ° m%ldYhg m;alrk ,°'
^b& ixfYdaê;
^B& ksjeishkaf.a m˙yrKh i`oyd iïmdokh lrkq ,nk fiajd fhdacl lghq;=" foam< fj<|dï lghq;=" l,d yd fmd≥
úfkdaod;aul lghq;= iy cd;Hka;r ixúOdk lghq;= we;=<;a fõ'
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 57 jeks ixLHd igyk
Y%u n,ldfhys m%jK;d ^w& ^wd& ^we&
2016
2013 2014 2015
YSr®Ih m<uq fojk f;jk isõjk
^wE& ^wE& ^wE& jdr®Isl
ldr®;=j ldr®;=j ldr®;=j ldr®;=j

l=gqïn ck.ykh Z000 14,959 15,134 15,282 15,382 15,384 15,560 15,468 15,449
Y%u n,ldh Z000 8,034 8,049 8,214 8,319 8,193 8,376 8,355 8,311
fiajd kshqla; 7,681 7,700 7,831 7,969 7,815 8,000 8,007 7,948
fiajd úhqla; 353 348 383 350 378 376 348 363
Y%u n,ld iyNd.s;aj wkqmd;slh
^l=gqïn ck.ykfha m%;sY;hla f,i& 53.7 53.2 53.8 54.1 53.3 53.8 54.0 53.8
mqreI 74.9 74.6 74.7 75.5 74.9 75.0 74.9 75.1
ia;%S 35.4 34.6 35.9 36.3 35.1 36.1 36.0 35.9
/lshdfõ fiajd ;;a;ajh wkqj fiajd kshqla;sh ^]&
rdcH wxYfha fiajlhka 15.2 15.5 15.1 14.7 15.1 14.5 14.0 14.6
fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fiajlhka 40.5 40.9 41.0 41.9 42.6 44.8 43.6 43.3
fiajHhka 3.0 2.7 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.3 2.8 2.7
iajhx /lshdj, kshq;= jQjka 32.2 32.0 32.3 32.5 31.6 30.5 31.8 31.6
f.ùula fkd,o mjqf,a fiajlhka 9.1 8.9 8.4 7.9 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8
tl;=j 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

fiajd úhqla;s wkqmd;slh" Y%u n,ldfhys m%;sY;hla f,i

ia;S% mqreI Ndjh wkqj
mqreI 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.9
ia;S% 6.6 6.5 7.6 6.1 7.3 7.6 6.8 7.0

wOHdmk uÜgï wkqj

5 fY%a◊h iu;a iy Bg my< ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
6-10 fY%a◊h 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.3
w'fmd'i'^id'fm'& 6.0 5.9 6.4 5.5 6.2 5.8 5.9 5.9
w'fmd'i'^W'fm'& iy by< 8.7 8.2 9.2 7.7 8.6 9.3 7.6 8.3

jhia ldKav wkqj

wjq' 15-19 18.8 21.4 24.1 26.9 25.3 27.1 29.1 27.1
wjq' 20-29 13.1 13.6 14.2 14.2 14.4 14.3 14.0 14.2
wjq' 30-39 2.7 2.7 3.1 2.3 2.6 2.8 2.1 2.4
wjq' 40 iy Bg by< 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.8

;reK fiajd úhqla;s wkqmd;h ^jhi wjq' 15-24& 19.2 20.3 20.8 21.5 22.2 21.6 21.0 21.6

iuia; fiajd úhqla;s wkqmd;slh 4.4 4.3 4.7 4.2 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.4
^w& jhi wjq' 15 iy Bg jeä l=gqïn ck.ykh uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;= úiska 2011 jifr® isg b†˙hg" kej; nr ;enQ iy ixfYdaê; Y%u
n,ld o;a; fY%a◊hla 2016 cQ,s udifha ° m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,°'
^wE& ixfYdaê;
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 58 jeks ixLHd igyk
rdcH wxYfha fiajd kshqla;sh ^w&
2012 2013 2014 2015 ^wd& 2016 ^we&
fiajd ldKavh fjk;a fjk;a fjk;a fjk;a fjk;a
ks;H ^wE& tl;=j ks;H ^wE& tl;=j ks;H ^wE& tl;=j ks;H ^wE& tl;=j ks;H ^wE& tl;=j
rdcH wdh;k
f–HIaG uÜgu ^b& 39,580 3,407 42,987 43,186 3,545 46,731 43,001 3,813 46,814 44,926 3,348 48,274 46,433 3,214 49,647
;D;Shsl uÜgu ^B& 200,257 27,715 227,972 243,677 38,981 282,658 262,957 39,072 302,029 163,431 37,183 200,614 103,804 13,574 117,378
oaú;ShSl uÜgu ^W& 467,813 62,287 530,100 458,022 51,931 509,953 503,457 40,763 544,220 605,086 40,633 645,719 679,373 62,389 741,762
m%d:ñl uÜgu ^W!& 133,977 58,876 192,853 139,833 54,675 194,508 204,510 11,613 216,123 229,852 12,197 242,049 236,261 12,483 248,744
tl;=j 841,627 152,285 993,912 884,718 149,132 1,033,850 1,013,925 95,261 1,109,186 1,043,295 93,361 1,136,656 1,065,871 91,660 1,157,531
wr®O rdcH wdh;k
f–HIaG uÜgu ^b& 13,168 1,113 14,281 13,224 1,450 14,674 12,574 1,162 13,736 14,812 1,489 16,301 15,448 1,659 17,107
;D;Shsl uÜgu ^B& 30,473 2,535 33,008 30,089 2,555 32,644 28,855 2,697 31,552 28,600 2,730 31,330 28,021 2,782 30,803
oaú;ShSl uÜgu ^W& 92,725 10,071 102,796 96,384 8,695 105,079 80,889 6,567 87,456 79,385 6,665 86,050 78,529 5,714 84,243
m%d:ñl uÜgu ^W!& 87,097 17,546 104,643 85,601 17,303 102,904 88,474 14,689 103,163 89,312 15,481 104,793 90,733 18,325 109,058
tl;=j 223,463 31,265 254,728 225,298 30,003 255,301 210,792 25,115 235,907 212,109 26,365 238,474 212,731 28,480 241,211

iuia; rdcH wxYh ^tl;=j&

f–HIaG uÜgu ^b& 52,748 4,520 57,268 56,410 4,995 61,405 55,575 4,975 60,550 59,738 4,837 64,575 61,881 4,873 66,754
;D;Shsl uÜgu ^B& 230,730 30,250 260,980 273,766 41,536 315,302 291,812 41,769 333,581 192,031 39,913 231,944 131,825 16,356 148,181
oaú;ShSl uÜgu ^W& 560,538 72,358 632,896 554,406 60,626 615,032 584,346 47,330 631,676 684,471 47,298 731,769 757,902 68,103 826,005
m%d:ñl uÜgu ^W!& 221,074 76,422 297,496 225,434 71,978 297,412 292,984 26,302 319,286 319,164 27,678 346,842 326,994 30,808 357,802
tl;=j 1,065,090 183,550 1,248,640 1,110,016 179,135 1,289,151 1,224,717 120,376 1,345,093 1,255,404 119,726 1,375,130 1,278,602 120,140 1,398,742

m%;sY;h
rdcH wdh;k
f–HIaG uÜgu ^b& 4.7 2.2 4.3 4.9 2.4 4.5 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.3 3.6 4.3 4.4 3.5 4.3
;D;Shsl uÜgu ^B& 23.8 18.2 23.0 27.5 26.1 27.3 25.9 41.0 27.2 15.7 39.8 17.7 9.7 14.8 10.1
oaú;ShSl uÜgu ^W& 55.6 40.9 53.3 51.8 34.8 49.4 49.7 42.8 49.1 58.0 43.5 56.8 63.7 68.1 64.1
m%d:ñl uÜgu ^W!& 15.9 38.7 19.4 15.8 36.7 18.8 20.2 12.2 19.5 22.0 13.1 21.3 22.2 13.6 21.5
tl;=j 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

wr®O rdcH wdh;k

f–HIaG uÜgu ^b& 5.9 3.6 5.6 5.9 4.8 5.7 6.0 4.6 5.8 7.0 5.6 6.8 7.3 5.8 7.1
;D;Shsl uÜgu ^B& 13.6 8.1 13.0 13.3 8.5 12.8 13.7 10.7 13.4 13.5 10.4 13.1 13.2 9.8 12.8
oaú;ShSl uÜgu ^W& 41.5 32.2 40.3 42.8 29.0 41.2 38.4 26.1 37.1 37.4 25.3 36.1 36.9 20.1 34.9
m%d:ñl uÜgu ^W!& 39.0 56.1 41.1 38.0 57.7 40.3 42.0 58.5 43.7 42.1 58.7 43.9 42.7 64.3 45.2
tl;=j 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

iuia; rdcH wxYh ^tl;=j&

f–HIaG uÜgu ^b& 4.9 2.5 4.6 5.1 2.8 4.8 4.5 4.1 4.5 4.8 4.0 4.7 4.8 4.1 4.8
;D;Shsl uÜgu ^B& 21.7 16.5 20.9 24.7 23.2 24.4 23.8 34.7 24.8 15.3 33.3 16.9 10.3 13.6 10.6
oaú;ShSl uÜgu ^W& 52.6 39.4 50.7 49.9 33.8 47.7 47.7 39.3 47.0 54.5 39.5 53.2 59.3 56.7 59.1
m%d:ñl uÜgu ^W!& 20.8 41.6 23.8 20.3 40.2 23.1 23.9 21.8 23.7 25.4 23.1 25.2 25.6 25.6 25.6
tl;=j 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
^w& 2006 wfm%a,a 25 jk †k ksl=;a lrk ,o 06$2006 ork rdcH m˙md,k pl%f,aLfhys i|yka ksr®jpkhkag wkqj kej; jr®.SlrKh lrk ,°' uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl
^wE& fldka;%d;a iy wkshï moku hg;g wh;a fiajlhka
^b& úOdhlhka$fcHIaG úOdhlhka· wêlrK$kS;s ks,Od¯ka iy ffjoH ks,Od¯ka we;=<;a fõ'
^B& fCIa;%.;$ldr®hd,.; ks,Od¯ka· wê fY%A◊fha l<ukdlrK iylrejka· YS% ,xld ú≥y,am;s fiajh· fmd,sia m¯laIl$m%Odk fmd,sia m¯laIl iy wfkl=;a kshduk fiajdj, iudk ;k;=re·
fyo fiajh$ffjoH lr®uh i|yd jk m˙mQrl jD;a;Sh fiajh iy w;=re ffjoH fiajh hk fiajdj, úfYAI fY%A◊· iy ffjoH jD;a;slhka we;=<;a fõ'
^W& l<ukdlrK iyldr ^;dCI◊l iy ;dCI◊l fkdjk& wdY%s; ks,Od¯ka· YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" fmd,sia fldia;dm,a$ierhka$m%Odk ierhka$Wm fmd,sia m¯CIl iy wfkl=;a kshduk fiajdj, iudk ;k;=re·
wëCIK l<ukdlrK iyldrjreka· iy fyo fiajh$ffjoH lr®uh i|yd jk m˙mQrl jD;a;Sh fiajdj iy w;=re ffjoH fiajh hk fiajdj, úfYAI fY%A◊h yer wfkl=;a fY%a◊ we;=<;a fõ'
^W!& m%d:ñl uÜgfï Ys,amSh fkdjk" wr®O Ys,amSh iy Ys,amSh fiajlhka we;=<;a fõ'
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 59 jeks⁄ ixLHd igyk
úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh
fiajd kshqla;sh 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&

úfoaYSh /lshd ixLHdj 218,459 250,499 247,126 267,507 262,961 282,447 293,218 300,703 263,443 242,930
uQ,hka wkqj
,shdm†xÑ ksfhda‚;hka 146,515 160,973 156,567 160,500 146,293 175,169 180,463 176,829 116,749 88,164
^]& 67 64 63 60 56 62 62 59 44 36
fjk;a 71,944 89,526 90,559 107,007 116,668 107,278 112,755 123,874 146,694 154,766
^]& 33 36 37 40 44 38 38 41 56 64
ia;%S$mqreI wkqj
mqreI 103,476 128,232 119,381 148,001 136,307 144,135 175,185 190,217 172,788 160,302
^]& 47 51 48 55 52 51 60 63 66 66
ia;%S 114,983 122,267 127,745 119,506 126,654 138,312 118,033 110,486 90,655 82,628
^]& 53 49 52 45 48 49 40 37 34 34
Y%u ldKav wkqj
.Dy fiaúld 102,355 107,923 113,678 112,752 107,500 119,011 96,900 88,628 73,226 65,127
^]& 47 43 46 42 41 42 33 29 28 27
mqyqKq Y%ñlhka 50,263 59,718 61,321 71,537 67,746 67,150 73,707 73,162 81,682 76,559
^]& 23 24 25 27 26 24 25 24 31 32
kqmqyqKq Y%ñlhka 52,176 59,239 50,173 60,422 63,642 62,907 70,977 79,519 77,985 71,641
^]& 24 24 20 23 24 22 24 26 30 29
fjk;a 13,665 23,619 21,954 22,796 24,073 33,379 51,634 59,394 30,550 29,603
^]& 6 9 9 9 9 12 18 20 12 12

,shdm†xÑ /lshd ksfhda‚; wdh;k 672 781 638 588 692 963 835 1,034 1,034 980
^jr®Ih wjidkfha&

mqyqKq ls¯fï uOHia:dk ixLHdj

YS% ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s
20 20 22 25 24 24 23 25 25 22
ldr®hdxYh
fm!oa.,sl ksfhda‚;hka 12 14 9 8 5 5 13 13 13 -

^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( Y%S ,xld úfoaY fiajd kshqla;s ldr®hdxYh

^wd& ;djld,sl

ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 60 jeks⁄ ixLHd igyk

fiajl w¾:idOl wruqo,

uqΩ idud‚l ls%hdld¯j odhl jk m%;s,dN uqΩ idud‚l
fiajd fhdacl odhl uqo,a
jr®Ih .sKqï ixLHdj ^w& .sKqï ixLHdj ^wd& f.ùï fYaI
ixLHdj ^re' ñ,shk&
^Z000& ^Z000& ^re' ñ,shk& ^re' ñ,shk&

2007 11,888 2,181 61,116 40,574 21,752 549,402

2008 12,463 2,296 64,000 45,951 25,931 644,955

2009 12,838 2,052 61,396 48,712 31,901 752,219

2010 13,413 2,165 62,295 54,796 34,896 869,199

2011 14,163 2,211 64,562 61,879 47,311 986,046

2012 14,559 2,338 68,140 70,171 48,712 1,124,508

2013 15,203 2,404 69,148 80,176 50,243 1,281,855

2014 15,831 2,448 69,683 90,049 65,118 1,445,462

2015 ^we& 16,860 2,569 72,578 102,453 77,769 1,625,493

2016 ^wE& 17,139 2,411 73,973 118,327 108,393 1,810,595

^w& tla jrlg jvd ,shdm†xÑ jQ mqoa.,hka ie,ls,a,g f.k o;a; .,md fkdue;' uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& j;auka jr®Ih i|yd ∞hl uqo,a ,enqKq .sKqï
^we& ixfYdaê;
^wE& ;djld,sl
ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 61 jeks⁄ ixLHd igyk

fiajd kshqla;slhkaf.a Ndrldr wruqo,

idud‚l ls%hdld¯ odhl uqo,a ,enqKq m%;s,dN wfkl=;a uqΩ idud‚l wruqo, u.ska
lrk ,o
jr®Ih .sKqï ixLHdj .sKqï ixLHdj f.jk fiajd odhl uqo,a f.ùu m%;s,dN f.ùu fYaI
wdfhdack
^ñ,shk& ^w& ^ñ,shk& ^w& fhdacl ixLHdj ^re' ñ,shk& ^re' ñ,shk& ^re' ñ,shk& ^re' ñ,shk&
^re' ñ,shk&

2007 7.9 1.8 54,904 7,310 4,140 126 75,926 78,426 (wd)
2008 8.0 2.1 58,446 8,300 4,879 140 88,876 91,445 (wd)
2009 8.5 2.1 61,237 8,753 6,399 170 103,053 107,735 (wd)
2010 9.3 2.1 62,731 9,832 6,353 180 119,852 125,438 (wd)
2011 9.6 2.1 67,041 11,092 7,774 232 135,486 141,895 (wd)
2012 9.8 2.2 70,194 12,745 8,566 232 153,631 157,951 (wd)
2013 10.0 2.2 72,234 14,404 9,574 248 174,252 178,099 (wd)
2014 12.0 2.4 74,362 15,852 13,859 374 193,869 198,653 (wd)
2015 12.4 2.4 76,674 18,087 11,493 374 218,502 221,941 (wd)
2016 12.5 2.5 77,842 20,318 13,478 393 245,605 249,089
^w& weia;fïka;= lrk ,o uQ,h( fiajd kshqla;slhkaf.a Ndrldr wruqo,a uKav,h
^wd& ixfYdaê;

ñ," jegqma" fiajd kshqla;sh iy M,Þhs;dj 62 jeks ixLHd igyk

fm!oa.,sl wxYfha l¾udka;j, jev j¾ck

j;= wxYh fjk;a wxY ^w& tl;=j
jr®Ih iïnkaO jQ wysñ jQ iïnkaO jQ wysñ jQ iïnkaO jQ wysñ jQ
jev jr®ck fiajl ñksia †k jev jr®ck fiajl ñksia †k jev jr®ck fiajl ñksia †k
ixLHdj ixLHdj ixLHdj
ixLHdj .Kk ixLHdj .Kk ixLHdj .Kk
2006 18 196,520 4,821,394 34 13,283 73,754 52 209,803 4,895,148
2007 8 1,468 6,089 17 6,079 36,109 25 7,547 42,198
2008 34 34,014 41,525 17 3,917 24,130 51 37,931 65,655
2009 2 300 300 6 4,720 7,365 8 5,020 7,665
2010 9 3,185 23,037 6 1,923 2,034 15 5,108 25,071
2011 19 7,232 23,513 8 3,807 15,673 27 11,039 39,186
2012 14 4,278 25,043 20 5,626 10,774 34 9,904 35,817
2013 21 5,031 41,669 21 6,088 38,754 42 11,119 80,423
2014 31 4,833 29,165 7 1,618 8,158 38 6,451 37,323
2015 31 10,427 70,697 20 4,488 11,597 51 14,915 82,294
2016 ^wd& 26 10,485 85,637 15 10,167 18,690 41 20,652 104,327
^w& wr®O rdcH iy wfkl=;a fm!oa.,sl wdh;k we;=<;ah' uQ,h( lïlre fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 63 jeks⁄ ixLHd igyk

uy nexl=fõ fj<| o¾Yl - jákdlu ^w&

2010}100
wmkhk
ldr®ñl wmkhk lDIsldr®ñl wmkhk
ld,m˙Éf√oh uqΩ
iqΩ Lkscuh
fr†ms<s yd Lkscf;,a rnr® fmd,a wmkhk
tl;=j ^wd& f;a rnr® lDIsldr®ñl tl;=j wmkhk
we`.Æï ksIamd†; ksIamd†; ksIamd†; ^wd&
ksIamd†;
2012 134.1 197.9 173.9 136.3 110.8 80.3 142.0 120.2 114.2 286.0 127.8
2013 153.8 185.2 182.4 145.5 122.5 47.0 141.4 162.5 128.1 245.6 137.9
2014 169.8 148.3 184.6 156.6 130.6 30.2 248.4 267.2 140.0 283.5 149.1
2015 172.7 169.6 164.1 158.0 111.8 18.1 254.9 270.0 129.3 139.7 146.8
2016 ^we& 187.4 140.4 177.6 167.8 113.5 24.3 284.5 205.5 130.0 154.0 153.9

2014 m<uq ldr®;=j 174.4 168.8 186.5 160.5 124.3 51.7 216.2 247.2 132.6 716.6 151.1
fojk ldr®;=j 158.0 154.7 176.2 146.0 131.4 28.9 241.7 256.2 139.3 145.5 141.0
f;jk ldr®;=j 171.3 127.6 192.5 160.2 134.3 21.1 286.8 237.4 144.6 133.9 152.4
isõjk ldr®;=j 175.3 142.0 183.2 159.8 132.3 19.1 248.8 328.1 143.3 138.0 151.9

2015 m<uq ldr®;=j 175.7 227.2 174.9 174.0 109.1 19.9 232.5 286.3 125.8 193.2 157.3
fojk ldr®;=j 161.6 172.6 161.4 148.2 114.0 18.6 262.4 268.3 128.2 145.3 139.6
f;jk ldr®;=j 175.0 150.4 159.6 153.3 108.0 16.0 285.0 227.2 130.7 131.3 144.1
isõjk ldr®;=j 178.5 127.9 160.5 156.3 116.2 17.9 239.9 298.1 132.6 89.0 146.3

2016 ^we& m<uq ldr®;=j 207.9 143.5 185.9 181.0 110.7 29.1 269.8 200.6 124.2 160.7 161.8
fojk ldr®;=j 175.2 113.1 155.6 154.8 108.7 21.0 267.5 206.4 120.7 127.7 142.3
f;jk ldr®;=j 184.5 141.2 188.7 169.4 118.6 18.2 315.2 267.4 143.0 192.8 158.7
isõjk ldr®;=j 182.2 163.9 180.3 165.9 116.0 28.9 285.5 147.5 132.0 134.9 153.1

2015 ckjd˙ 170.6 324.9 161.0 163.7 110.1 19.4 162.1 245.0 122.3 164.0 149.1
fmnrjd˙ 176.4 222.6 170.8 161.7 106.1 20.5 261.6 278.6 124.0 222.5 148.2
udr®;= 180.1 134.3 192.8 196.6 111.1 19.8 273.9 335.2 131.0 193.2 174.7
wfm%a,a 138.9 121.3 122.8 123.0 100.0 19.4 232.2 234.2 111.4 128.9 117.3
uehs 166.0 135.9 194.0 154.6 121.6 18.0 281.1 317.8 133.3 169.2 145.6
cqks 179.8 260.7 167.3 166.9 120.4 18.5 273.8 252.9 139.8 137.7 155.8
cQ,s 174.8 215.9 183.1 160.1 124.7 15.5 294.1 285.2 151.0 184.9 154.2
wf.daia;= 169.5 136.4 140.7 145.0 90.6 14.0 252.8 161.3 109.6 105.6 132.2
iema;eïnr® 180.7 99.0 155.1 154.9 108.8 18.5 308.1 235.1 131.5 103.5 145.9
Tlaf;danr® 172.4 106.8 169.8 154.7 123.9 17.7 289.9 208.4 141.1 103.7 147.5
fkdjeïnr® 184.4 101.8 151.6 157.5 113.6 16.0 212.0 378.6 130.4 91.8 146.6
foieïnr® 178.6 175.2 159.9 156.7 111.2 20.1 217.7 307.5 126.2 71.5 144.9

2016 ^we& ckjd˙ 211.6 166.0 195.7 179.6 105.5 30.5 225.7 203.8 118.9 117.2 159.2
fmnrjd˙ 210.9 107.2 165.3 176.9 107.1 28.7 260.1 199.0 120.7 190.2 158.0
udr®;= 201.3 157.3 196.6 186.6 119.6 27.9 323.6 198.8 133.0 174.7 168.2
wfm%a,a 155.0 105.4 133.0 137.4 98.9 24.1 249.0 170.5 105.7 98.6 125.8
uehs 172.7 99.1 158.5 154.3 96.8 22.5 260.8 232.9 113.2 144.7 139.9
cqks 197.8 134.8 175.4 172.9 130.5 16.4 292.8 215.9 143.2 139.9 161.1
cQ,s 195.8 176.8 189.0 172.0 115.5 14.4 296.5 322.2 139.2 222.6 159.6
wf.daia;= 181.3 135.0 189.5 166.0 116.8 20.2 301.7 252.8 139.4 160.4 155.3
iema;eïnr® 176.3 111.8 187.7 170.1 123.4 20.1 347.5 227.3 150.3 195.3 161.1
Tlaf;danr® 182.0 161.1 191.4 167.3 117.0 27.4 310.5 171.8 133.7 142.0 154.6
fkdjeïnr® 179.1 145.7 172.5 160.6 110.3 29.8 273.7 144.9 124.4 118.8 147.3
foieïnr® 185.4 184.8 177.1 169.9 120.5 29.5 272.2 125.7 137.7 143.9 157.4
^w& jr®;udkfha iy mokï jr®Ifha remsh,a w.hka w;r wkqmd;hla f,i jákdlï or®Ylh ir, or®Ylhla jYfhka .Kkh lr we;' ^iïnkaOhs&
^wd& 2015 jir i`oyd jk o;a; ixfYdaOkh lr we;'
^we& ;djld,sl
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 63 jeks⁄ ixLHd igyk ^iïnkaOhs&
uy nexl=fõ fj<| o¾Yl - jákdlu ^w&
2010}100
wdkhk

md˙fNda.sl NdKav wka;r® NdKav wdfhdack NdKav

ld,m˙Éf√oh uqΩ
wdydruh wdkhk
wdydr fr†ms<s yd ;s˙Û= hka;%iQ;%
fkdjk ridhksl m%jdyk f.dvke.s,s
yd tl;=j bkaOk fr†ms<s fmdfydr yd tl;=j yd tl;=j
md˙fNda.sl øjH WmlrK øjH
mdk jr®. Wmdx. b˙Û= WmlrK
NdKav
2012 111.0 165.1 136.2 186.2 141.6 146.8 145.5 154.5 162.0 198.5 186.3 169.5 187.1 161.1
2013 118.0 180.2 146.9 161.7 129.2 114.0 161.2 138.5 149.7 189.5 128.6 188.4 176.1 153.2
2014 142.6 222.5 179.8 174.6 148.6 131.1 179.5 176.1 163.5 184.0 137.9 184.0 174.1 167.2
2015 147.6 322.2 228.9 106.6 152.5 145.7 201.1 162.1 143.9 204.9 188.0 198.2 199.3 169.7
2016 ^wd& 158.5 301.0 224.8 105.3 192.6 73.3 212.1 120.7 158.0 263.9 191.8 246.0 243.1 186.4

2014 m<uq ldr®;=j 118.1 177.7 145.9 219.8 135.0 138.4 166.2 155.1 171.4 189.3 100.5 171.7 164.8 163.8
fojk ldr®;=j 133.2 175.1 152.7 154.1 132.8 132.7 160.4 191.9 147.7 152.5 70.3 171.6 140.5 145.8
f;jk ldr®;=j 148.9 250.9 196.3 194.4 157.9 57.4 189.0 186.8 174.6 191.8 180.3 189.4 188.5 180.0
isõjk ldr®;=j 170.2 286.4 224.3 129.9 168.6 195.8 202.5 170.5 160.4 202.4 200.5 203.1 202.4 179.3

2015 m<uqq ldr®;=j 163.8 296.4 225.5 109.1 152.3 106.9 198.2 135.7 139.5 205.2 235.5 180.1 204.2 167.4
fojk ldr®;=j 145.5 290.4 212.9 118.7 157.6 167.0 184.2 174.6 149.9 196.4 173.1 173.3 184.4 167.4
f;jk ldr®;=j 133.7 357.0 237.6 92.8 138.6 123.2 212.1 207.2 138.3 181.6 189.4 202.5 189.5 165.9
isõjk ldr®;=j 147.6 345.0 239.5 105.6 161.6 185.7 209.8 131.0 147.9 236.3 153.9 237.1 219.0 178.0

2016 ^wd& m<uqq ldr®;=j 153.8 313.9 228.3 81.3 196.6 87.1 205.1 104.5 141.7 271.2 135.5 230.3 229.9 174.5
fojk ldr®;=j 145.8 277.2 207.0 116.7 183.8 72.2 223.4 151.4 161.9 252.9 115.4 242.9 220.3 180.8
f;jk ldr®;=j 159.0 305.9 227.3 84.6 182.1 67.4 190.6 134.9 147.5 245.8 181.8 235.9 229.0 177.7
isõjk ldr®;=j 175.3 306.9 236.6 138.4 207.8 66.5 229.4 92.1 181.1 285.7 334.4 274.9 293.4 212.7

2015 ckjd˙ 178.9 276.2 224.2 132.8 154.4 58.8 199.9 112.0 146.0 251.1 214.8 185.5 223.9 175.1
fmnrjd˙ 155.4 252.6 200.7 122.5 164.3 116.4 204.0 16.4 142.5 182.7 167.3 202.5 185.3 160.7
udr®;= 157.1 360.4 251.7 72.1 138.0 145.5 190.5 278.7 129.9 181.7 324.5 152.2 203.5 166.3
wfm%a,a 158.9 278.0 214.3 98.6 141.0 186.1 184.4 52.7 132.5 200.1 166.8 159.7 180.8 156.8
uehs 141.3 266.8 199.7 123.2 160.7 148.0 182.5 184.8 156.5 184.4 171.3 172.4 177.8 167.5
cqks 136.3 326.4 224.7 134.3 171.2 167.1 185.7 286.4 160.6 204.7 181.3 187.7 194.5 177.9
cQ,s 142.3 347.5 237.8 81.6 157.7 38.3 215.5 134.2 132.6 190.0 193.4 182.5 188.4 162.3
wf.daia;= 130.1 369.2 241.4 87.2 121.1 93.2 229.5 75.4 130.4 171.1 193.1 210.8 187.6 161.4
iema;eïnr® 128.6 354.5 233.7 109.7 137.1 238.1 191.2 412.1 151.8 183.8 181.6 214.3 192.4 174.0
Tlaf;danr® 125.4 380.5 244.1 112.5 141.8 249.1 227.0 81.1 152.5 234.2 193.3 229.7 224.2 182.7
fkdjeïnr® 145.4 344.8 238.2 96.0 139.7 130.5 190.5 111.4 129.3 219.9 137.6 243.4 209.3 164.7
foieïnr® 172.0 309.9 236.2 108.3 203.1 177.5 212.0 200.5 161.8 254.8 130.8 238.2 223.4 186.8
2016 ^wd& ckjd˙ 137.0 298.4 212.1 87.8 211.9 75.0 201.4 247.6 152.1 291.8 135.5 250.9 246.2 181.1
fmnrjd˙ 141.6 295.8 213.3 74.8 190.0 104.6 206.1 58.5 137.4 240.1 136.1 196.8 204.8 164.0
udr®;= 182.8 347.4 259.4 81.4 188.0 81.6 208.0 7.3 135.8 281.8 135.0 243.1 238.6 178.5
wfm%a,a 135.5 263.8 195.2 100.9 167.4 82.6 210.4 294.2 147.8 243.0 96.3 211.4 201.9 166.4
uehs 141.9 277.5 205.0 95.1 200.4 92.3 251.1 125.5 163.5 256.5 128.0 258.7 229.4 183.3
cqks 160.1 290.2 220.7 154.3 183.6 41.5 208.6 34.4 174.3 259.0 121.8 258.8 229.5 192.7
cQ,s 141.0 271.5 201.7 72.2 168.9 24.1 195.0 48.4 135.1 259.2 148.5 227.1 225.8 164.9
wf.daia;= 166.6 337.0 245.9 91.8 187.9 132.3 197.5 134.4 158.2 252.9 173.0 271.1 241.0 190.1
iema;eïnr® 169.4 309.1 234.4 89.7 189.4 45.9 179.1 221.9 149.1 225.2 223.9 209.5 220.2 178.0
Tlaf;danr® 188.3 294.2 237.6 130.1 200.3 35.1 223.0 112.6 174.1 274.5 680.2 254.4 355.7 221.6
fkdjeïnr® 167.3 336.1 245.9 114.5 224.0 116.5 229.2 10.9 172.0 286.0 175.4 285.3 262.2 202.6
foieïnr® 170.3 290.4 226.2 170.6 199.1 48.0 236.2 152.7 197.0 296.7 147.7 284.8 262.2 214.0
^w& jr®;udkfha iy mokï jr®Ifha remsh,a w.hka w;r wkqmd;hla f,i jákdlï or®Ylh ir, or®Ylhla jYfhka .Kkh lr we;' uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 64 jeks⁄ ixLHd igyk
uy nexl=fõ fj<| o¾Yl - mßudj ^w&
2010}100
wmkhk
ldr®ñl wmkhk lDIsldr®ñl wmkhk
ld,m˙Éf√oh uqΩ
fr†ms<s iqΩ Lkscuh wmkhk
Lkscf;,a rnr® fmd,a wmkhk
yd tl;=j f;a rnr® lDIsldr®ñl tl;=j
ksIamd†; ksIamd†; ksIamd†;
weÛÆï ksIamd†;
2012 109.8 115.3 112.6 120.2 93.5 69.6 110.0 132.9 92.0 106.7 110.0
2013 121.1 116.9 109.0 128.7 95.0 45.5 112.7 162.6 97.4 81.0 117.3
2014 128.2 92.6 108.1 133.2 98.5 32.3 170.7 232.2 103.2 158.6 122.3
2015 126.4 208.6 96.9 144.4 91.3 21.0 159.4 205.3 95.6 82.4 128.0
2016 ^wd& 127.1 185.8 104.2 144.9 86.2 27.2 174.1 149.6 90.8 88.9 127.0

2014 m<uq ldr®;=j 133.8 101.7 111.8 137.8 92.2 53.9 153.7 212.4 99.2 400.3 125.1
fojk ldr®;=j 123.0 95.6 98.4 126.3 94.8 31.0 165.4 203.5 98.9 76.4 116.0
f;jk ldr®;=j 127.8 75.9 121.0 140.0 102.4 23.3 197.1 229.3 107.2 82.7 127.9
isõjk ldr®;=j 128.0 97.1 101.3 128.9 104.4 21.1 166.6 283.5 107.4 75.2 120.2

2015 m<uq ldr®;=j 133.7 283.1 111.2 147.1 88.5 23.3 143.4 218.4 94.5 114.6 129.7
fojk ldr®;=j 125.1 194.0 90.0 140.7 89.4 24.4 162.5 199.3 92.7 82.2 124.6
f;jk ldr®;=j 128.5 176.9 95.1 140.2 89.7 17.7 177.5 188.8 96.0 80.5 125.2
isõjk ldr®;=j 118.5 180.3 91.3 149.7 97.4 18.8 154.1 214.9 99.0 52.3 132.5

2016 ^wd& m<uq ldr®;=j 143.7 222.0 114.9 151.4 90.6 32.1 160.2 141.9 92.6 98.7 132.2
fojk ldr®;=j 124.3 154.4 90.1 135.8 85.0 26.5 162.6 149.8 86.4 77.0 119.3
f;jk ldr®;=j 123.1 177.4 111.3 144.1 91.5 20.0 191.4 189.2 97.6 102.8 128.3
isõjk ldr®;=j 117.2 189.5 100.3 148.5 77.8 30.2 182.2 117.5 86.6 77.2 128.4

2015 ckjd˙ 127.4 444.4 103.4 133.7 88.3 21.7 104.6 182.2 92.2 92.4 119.6
fmnrjd˙ 131.5 267.6 108.2 124.7 85.7 23.7 151.3 211.2 92.4 118.0 113.2
udr®;= 142.2 137.4 121.9 182.9 91.5 24.4 174.3 261.9 99.0 133.5 156.3
wfm%a,a 109.6 120.5 74.4 109.2 82.4 25.9 147.6 184.6 84.2 68.9 100.0
uehs 124.4 139.9 103.8 175.6 85.4 24.3 182.4 216.2 91.1 96.5 148.8
cqks 141.4 321.8 91.9 137.4 100.5 22.9 157.4 197.1 103.0 81.2 125.0
cQ,s 128.7 246.8 102.3 148.0 103.9 17.5 174.1 216.2 108.9 123.1 134.1
wf.daia;= 129.5 154.3 93.0 135.6 76.5 15.4 159.9 147.2 82.9 59.0 118.3
iema;eïnr® 127.2 129.7 90.0 136.9 88.9 20.2 198.3 203.0 96.1 59.2 123.0
Tlaf;danr® 116.3 133.4 98.2 144.2 104.8 18.8 189.3 156.4 105.6 60.6 130.4
fkdjeïnr® 122.4 125.4 96.0 121.3 95.3 16.5 134.0 271.6 97.4 57.5 112.0
foieïnr® 116.8 282.0 79.7 183.6 92.2 21.0 139.0 216.8 94.1 38.7 155.1

2016 ^wd& ckjd˙ 140.8 299.9 113.9 137.6 87.5 30.9 140.5 151.6 89.7 67.9 121.6
fmnrjd˙ 147.9 170.6 105.1 128.8 86.3 30.9 147.3 134.0 88.8 108.2 115.1
udr®;= 142.3 195.7 125.8 187.9 98.0 34.6 192.9 140.1 99.3 120.1 159.8
wfm%a,a 111.2 153.5 87.3 111.3 80.5 31.4 156.0 136.1 80.6 61.3 100.4
uehs 122.7 129.3 89.7 160.8 70.6 27.5 170.3 162.9 78.4 87.0 134.9
cqks 139.2 180.5 93.3 135.3 103.8 20.5 161.6 150.4 100.1 82.7 122.7
cQ,s 131.3 225.2 103.0 149.8 92.6 16.2 168.8 208.7 95.9 129.5 132.0
wf.daia;= 122.7 166.7 117.4 144.9 90.0 21.0 183.1 190.7 95.6 80.7 128.4
iema;eïnr® 115.4 140.4 113.6 137.6 92.0 22.8 222.3 168.3 101.3 98.3 124.6
Tlaf;danr® 116.8 200.5 106.6 139.4 83.3 30.6 205.0 136.8 91.1 86.1 123.2
fkdjeïnr® 116.1 165.2 96.9 114.8 72.5 29.8 169.8 120.7 80.7 66.0 103.0
foieïnr® 118.6 202.8 97.3 191.2 77.6 30.1 171.6 94.9 87.9 79.5 158.9
^w& m˙ud or®Ylh ,eiamshr® or®Ylhla f,i .Kkh lr we;' ^iïnkaOhs&
^wd& ;djld,sl
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 64 jeks ixLHd igyk ^iïnkaOhs&
uy nexl=fõ fj<| o¾Yl - mßudj ^w&
2010}100
wdkhk
md˙fNda.sl NdKav wka;r® NdKav wdfhdack NdKav
ld,m˙Éf√oh uqΩ
wdydr wdydruh fr†ms<s yd ;s˙Û= hka;%iQ;% wdkhk
fkdjk ridhksl m%jdyk f.dvke.s,s
yd tl;=j bkaOk fr†ms<s fmdfydr yd tl;=j yd tl;=j
md˙fNda.sl øjH WmlrK øjH
mdk jr®. NdKav Wmdx. b˙Û= WmlrK

2012 100.1 125.3 111.9 120.8 114.3 97.0 116.9 102.0 118.3 171.4 147.6 137.6 156.1 124.2
2013 105.4 135.1 119.2 103.4 104.7 88.4 128.1 84.8 111.1 183.9 103.5 153.9 157.6 122.3
2014 125.8 163.5 143.3 117.7 115.8 112.6 138.3 123.5 122.9 180.7 114.4 153.0 158.2 134.0
2015 128.1 235.0 177.9 116.6 120.4 129.5 155.6 121.3 128.7 197.3 156.5 167.8 179.7 148.2
2016 ^wd& 124.1 193.8 156.5 129.5 138.2 68.6 163.4 92.7 142.5 253.9 142.0 206.2 215.6 159.9
2014 m<uqq ldr®;=j 105.1 130.7 117.0 136.9 106.4 122.1 127.8 98.3 122.1 175.2 90.1 138.8 145.9 128.9
fojk ldr®;=j 120.7 126.1 123.2 98.4 104.5 108.8 121.7 138.9 107.6 137.9 68.2 132.2 121.2 112.3
f;jk ldr®;=j 132.8 193.3 160.9 128.5 121.4 54.5 145.5 132.8 131.8 225.4 147.4 163.8 190.1 147.9
isõjk ldr®;=j 144.7 203.8 172.2 107.1 130.7 164.8 158.3 123.9 130.0 184.5 152.0 177.1 175.5 146.9
2015 m<uqq ldr®;=j 150.4 223.5 184.4 112.5 123.6 94.5 156.3 97.5 123.8 194.2 203.9 153.0 184.0 150.2
fojk ldr®;=j 129.2 209.8 166.7 116.1 123.8 150.0 142.0 128.6 128.4 167.9 156.4 140.5 157.2 140.2
f;jk ldr®;=j 116.7 272.3 189.1 106.4 106.9 111.1 164.7 161.0 125.0 191.5 149.3 174.0 177.1 146.3
isõjk ldr®;=j 116.3 234.3 171.2 131.2 127.4 162.4 159.4 98.3 137.3 235.8 116.5 203.6 200.7 156.1
2016 ^wd& m<uqq ldr®;=j 126.3 201.0 161.1 119.4 142.1 74.4 161.7 80.2 132.8 243.5 112.0 190.1 199.2 153.0
fojk ldr®;=j 112.4 176.7 142.3 144.4 131.9 68.5 172.3 116.8 147.1 220.9 89.5 201.8 186.9 152.9
f;jk ldr®;=j 126.1 201.3 161.1 100.2 124.1 66.4 148.0 103.3 127.5 242.1 139.5 195.0 205.9 148.6
isõjk ldr®;=j 131.7 196.1 161.7 153.8 154.6 64.9 171.7 70.4 162.8 309.2 227.2 237.8 270.5 185.1
2015 ckjd˙ 167.2 214.1 189.0 141.3 120.4 46.9 159.3 87.1 132.1 210.2 216.9 149.9 193.8 165.7
fmnrjd˙ 143.2 182.8 161.6 122.8 136.4 103.7 163.2 11.9 127.4 212.5 126.9 175.3 182.9 144.3
udr®;= 140.7 273.7 202.6 73.2 114.2 132.8 146.2 193.6 111.9 159.8 267.8 133.8 175.2 140.6
wfm%a,a 149.6 202.8 174.4 100.0 111.3 153.6 145.3 38.2 112.3 170.3 151.3 124.4 152.5 131.0
uehs 121.8 193.3 155.0 118.8 125.9 128.6 138.8 132.3 134.2 129.8 161.6 141.3 139.9 138.0
cqks 116.1 233.4 170.7 129.6 134.2 167.9 141.8 215.3 138.8 203.6 156.3 155.9 179.2 151.6
cQ,s 128.4 272.4 195.4 85.0 122.9 36.8 172.0 96.9 115.5 203.4 162.3 153.5 179.6 142.3
wf.daia;= 116.0 285.1 194.7 102.1 94.1 91.6 176.1 58.7 119.7 149.6 138.8 184.7 157.7 140.2
iema;eïnr® 105.7 259.3 177.2 132.3 103.6 205.1 145.9 327.4 139.8 221.3 146.8 183.6 193.9 156.5
Tlaf;danr® 100.8 258.3 174.1 135.2 115.1 223.1 169.2 61.7 140.5 280.8 150.4 188.2 225.2 165.3
fkdjeïnr® 116.7 242.1 175.1 112.9 116.3 115.0 147.4 82.6 121.2 192.2 87.7 209.5 174.9 141.0
foieïnr® 131.5 202.6 164.6 145.4 150.9 149.1 161.6 150.5 150.3 234.6 111.5 213.2 202.0 162.1
2016 ^wd& ckjd˙ 109.7 193.3 148.6 126.0 149.0 58.2 153.1 190.1 140.3 233.3 135.0 207.3 204.5 161.3
fmnrjd˙ 116.4 198.5 154.6 115.8 145.4 89.4 164.7 45.5 132.2 227.2 109.1 172.0 185.2 146.3
udr®;= 152.9 211.2 180.1 116.2 132.0 75.7 167.3 4.9 125.8 270.0 91.9 191.1 207.9 151.5
wfm%a,a 112.4 171.9 140.1 132.2 116.3 75.1 156.3 234.3 134.7 236.1 70.6 175.6 182.4 144.2
uehs 103.5 180.8 139.5 123.9 148.0 89.1 198.2 90.3 147.9 196.2 107.8 212.1 181.8 151.9
cqks 121.4 177.4 147.5 177.2 131.2 41.3 162.3 25.9 158.5 230.4 90.2 217.7 196.5 162.8
cQ,s 111.9 176.4 141.9 71.5 119.3 22.6 152.4 35.5 112.2 263.6 121.4 192.0 211.6 137.0
wf.daia;= 133.5 224.2 175.7 120.1 122.2 127.6 147.9 96.3 137.6 187.4 114.5 204.9 176.8 151.4
iema;eïnr® 132.9 203.2 165.7 109.1 130.8 49.0 143.7 178.1 132.9 275.2 182.7 188.1 229.1 157.4
Tlaf;danr® 147.6 192.5 168.5 151.7 148.2 34.1 167.0 84.6 161.2 342.4 441.5 224.3 328.3 201.2
fkdjeïnr® 125.1 201.7 160.7 125.2 167.0 115.2 164.5 7.6 152.2 277.1 116.8 225.8 227.3 167.7
foieïnr® 122.4 194.2 155.8 184.6 148.5 45.4 183.6 119.1 175.0 308.2 123.3 263.3 256.0 186.4
^w& m˙ud or®Ylh ,eiamshr® or®Ylhla f,i .Kkh lr we;' uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 65 jeks ixLHd igyk
uy nexl=fõ fj<| o¾Yl - tAll jákdlu ^w&
2010}100
wmkhk
ldr®ñl wmkhk lDIsldr®ñl wmkhk uqΩ
ld,m˙Éf√oh Lkscuh wmkhk
fr†ms<s iqΩ ^wd&
Lkscf;,a rnr® fmd,a wmkhk
yd tl;=j ^wd& f;a rnr® lDIsldr®ñl tl;=j
ksIamd†; ksIamd†; ksIamd†;
weÛÆï ksIamd†;

2012 122.2 171.7 154.5 113.4 118.6 115.5 129.0 90.4 124.2 268.0 116.2
2013 126.9 158.5 167.3 113.0 129.0 103.2 125.5 99.9 131.6 303.1 117.5
2014 132.4 160.2 170.7 117.5 132.6 93.5 145.5 115.1 135.6 178.7 121.9
2015 136.6 81.3 169.3 109.4 122.5 86.2 160.0 131.5 135.3 169.5 114.7
2016 ^we& 147.5 75.6 170.5 115.8 131.6 89.4 163.4 137.3 143.2 173.2 121.2
2014 m<uqq ldr®;=j 130.3 166.0 166.8 116.5 134.8 96.1 140.7 116.4 133.7 179.0 120.8
fojk ldr®;=j 128.4 161.8 179.0 115.5 138.6 93.3 146.2 125.9 140.8 190.5 121.5
f;jk ldr®;=j 134.0 168.2 159.1 114.4 131.1 90.8 145.5 103.6 134.9 162.0 119.1
isõjk ldr®;=j 136.9 146.3 180.9 124.0 126.8 90.4 149.3 115.7 133.4 183.6 126.3

2015 m<uqq ldr®;=j 131.4 80.3 157.3 118.3 123.2 85.6 162.1 131.1 133.0 168.5 121.3
fojk ldr®;=j 129.1 89.0 179.2 105.3 127.5 76.5 161.5 134.7 138.2 176.6 112.0
f;jk ldr®;=j 136.3 85.0 167.8 109.4 120.4 90.5 160.6 120.3 136.2 163.2 115.1
isõjk ldr®;=j 150.6 71.0 175.7 104.4 119.3 95.5 155.6 138.7 133.9 170.2 110.4
2016 ^we& m<uqq ldr®;=j 144.7 64.6 161.7 119.5 122.2 90.5 168.4 141.4 134.1 162.8 122.4
fojk ldr®;=j 140.9 73.2 172.7 114.0 128.0 79.4 164.5 137.8 139.7 166.0 119.2
f;jk ldr®;=j 149.8 79.6 169.5 117.5 129.6 91.1 164.7 141.3 146.5 187.5 123.6
isõjk ldr®;=j 155.5 86.5 179.8 111.8 149.0 95.8 156.7 125.5 152.4 174.8 119.3

2015 ckjd˙ 134.0 73.1 155.8 122.5 124.6 89.1 154.9 134.5 132.7 177.5 124.6
fmnrjd˙ 134.2 83.2 157.8 129.7 123.7 86.8 172.8 131.9 134.2 188.5 130.9
udr®;= 126.6 97.7 158.1 107.5 121.5 81.3 157.2 128.0 132.3 144.7 111.8
wfm%a,a 126.7 100.7 165.2 112.7 121.4 74.8 157.4 126.9 132.4 186.9 117.3
uehs 133.5 97.2 186.8 88.1 142.4 74.1 154.1 147.0 146.4 175.3 97.8
cqks 127.1 81.0 182.0 121.4 119.8 81.0 174.0 128.4 135.7 169.5 124.7
cQ,s 135.8 87.5 179.0 108.2 120.0 88.7 168.9 131.9 138.7 150.2 115.0
wf.daia;= 130.9 88.4 151.2 106.9 118.5 91.1 158.1 109.6 132.2 178.8 111.7
iema;eïnr® 142.1 76.4 172.3 113.1 122.4 91.6 155.3 115.8 136.8 174.6 118.5
Tlaf;danr® 148.2 80.0 172.9 107.3 118.2 94.3 153.1 133.3 133.6 171.0 113.2
fkdjeïnr® 150.6 81.2 157.9 129.8 119.2 96.5 158.2 139.4 133.9 159.7 130.8
foieïnr® 152.9 62.1 200.7 85.3 120.6 95.7 156.6 141.8 134.2 184.7 93.4
2016 ^we& ckjd˙ 150.3 55.4 171.8 130.5 120.6 98.9 160.6 134.5 132.6 172.7 131.0
fmnrjd˙ 142.7 62.8 157.2 137.3 124.1 93.0 176.6 148.6 135.9 175.8 137.2
udr®;= 141.4 80.4 156.3 99.3 122.0 80.7 167.8 141.9 133.9 145.4 105.2
wfm%a,a 139.5 68.7 152.3 123.5 122.8 76.9 159.6 125.2 131.1 161.0 125.3
uehs 140.8 76.6 176.7 95.9 137.2 82.0 153.1 143.0 144.3 166.4 103.7
cqks 142.1 74.7 188.0 127.8 125.8 80.0 181.2 143.5 143.1 169.3 131.3
cQ,s 149.1 78.5 183.5 114.8 124.8 88.8 175.6 154.4 145.2 171.9 120.9
wf.daia;= 147.8 81.0 161.3 114.5 129.8 96.2 164.8 132.6 145.8 198.9 120.9
iema;eïnr® 152.8 79.7 165.2 123.7 134.2 88.2 156.3 135.0 148.4 198.7 129.3
Tlaf;danr® 155.9 80.3 179.5 120.1 140.4 89.7 151.5 125.6 146.8 165.0 125.5
fkdjeïnr® 154.3 88.2 177.9 139.8 152.1 99.9 161.2 120.1 154.2 180.1 143.0
foieïnr® 156.3 91.2 182.0 88.9 155.3 98.0 158.6 132.3 156.7 181.1 99.1
^w& remsh,aj,ska w.h lr we;s jákdlï or®Ylh iy m˙ud or®Ylh Ndú;d lr mdfIa or®Ylhla f,i .Kkh lr we;' ^iïnkaOhs&
^wd& 2015 jir i`oyd jk o;a; ixfYdaOkh lr we;'
^we& ;djld,sl
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 65 jeks ixLHd igyk ^iïnkaOhs&
uy nexl=fõ fj<| o¾Yl - ta ll jákdlu ^w&
2010}100
wdkhk
md˙fNda.sl NdKav wka;r® NdKav wdfhdack NdKav fj<| ñ,
ld,m˙Éf√oh uqΩ wkqmd;h
wdydr wdydruh fr†ms<s yd ;s˙Û= hka;%iQ;% wdkhk
fkdjk ridhksl m%jdyk f.dvke.s,s ^wd&
yd tl;=j bkaOk fr†ms<s fmdfydr yd tl;=j yd tl;=j
md˙fNda.sl øjH WmlrK øjH
mdk jr®. NdKav Wmdx. b˙Û= WmlrK
2012 110.8 131.8 121.7 154.2 123.8 151.3 124.5 151.5 136.9 115.8 126.2 123.2 119.9 129.7 89.6
2013 111.9 133.4 123.2 156.4 123.4 129.0 125.9 163.3 134.7 103.0 124.3 122.5 111.7 125.3 93.8
2014 113.4 136.1 125.4 148.3 128.3 116.4 129.8 142.6 133.0 101.8 120.5 120.2 110.0 124.8 97.6
2015 115.2 137.1 128.7 91.4 126.6 112.5 129.2 133.6 111.8 103.8 120.1 118.1 110.9 114.5 100.2
2016 ^we& 127.7 155.3 143.6 81.3 139.4 106.9 129.8 130.2 110.9 103.9 135.0 119.3 112.8 116.6 103.9

2014 m<uqq ldr®;=j 112.4 135.9 124.6 160.6 126.9 113.4 130.1 157.8 140.3 108.1 111.5 123.7 113.0 127.1 95.0
fojk ldr®;=j 110.4 138.9 124.0 156.5 127.1 121.9 131.8 138.2 137.2 110.6 103.1 129.8 115.9 129.9 93.5
f;jk ldr®;=j 112.1 129.8 122.0 151.3 130.1 105.3 129.9 140.7 132.5 85.1 122.3 115.6 99.2 121.7 97.9
isõjk ldr®;=j 117.6 140.5 130.2 121.4 129.0 118.8 127.9 137.6 123.3 109.7 131.9 114.7 115.3 122.1 103.5

2015 m<uqq ldr®;=j 109.0 132.6 122.3 97.0 123.1 113.2 126.8 139.2 112.6 105.7 115.5 117.7 111.0 111.4 108.9
fojk ldr®;=j 112.6 138.4 127.7 102.2 127.3 111.3 129.7 135.8 116.7 117.0 110.7 123.3 117.3 119.4 93.8
f;jk ldr®;=j 114.5 131.1 125.7 87.2 129.7 110.9 128.8 128.7 110.6 94.9 126.8 116.4 107.0 113.4 101.5
isõjk ldr®;=j 126.9 147.2 139.8 80.5 126.8 114.4 131.7 133.3 107.7 100.2 132.1 116.4 109.1 114.0 96.8

2016 ^we& m<uqq ldr®;=j 121.7 156.2 141.7 68.1 138.3 117.0 126.9 130.3 106.8 111.4 121.0 121.1 115.4 114.0 107.3
fojk ldr®;=j 129.7 156.9 145.4 80.8 139.4 105.3 129.7 129.6 110.1 114.5 128.9 120.4 117.9 118.2 100.8
f;jk ldr®;=j 126.0 152.0 141.1 84.4 146.8 101.6 128.7 130.5 115.6 101.5 130.3 121.0 111.2 119.6 103.4
isõjk ldr®;=j 133.1 156.5 146.3 90.0 134.4 102.5 133.6 130.7 111.2 92.4 147.2 115.6 108.4 114.9 103.8

2015 ckjd˙ 107.0 129.0 118.6 94.0 128.2 125.4 125.5 128.6 110.5 119.4 99.0 123.7 115.5 105.7 117.9
fmnrjd˙ 108.5 138.2 124.2 99.7 120.5 112.3 125.0 137.9 111.9 86.0 131.8 115.5 101.3 111.4 117.5
udr®;= 111.7 131.7 124.2 98.4 120.9 109.6 130.3 144.0 116.0 113.7 121.2 113.7 116.2 118.3 94.5
wfm%a,a 106.2 137.1 122.9 98.7 126.6 121.2 126.9 138.0 118.0 117.5 110.3 128.4 118.5 119.7 98.0
uehs 116.0 138.1 128.8 103.6 127.7 115.0 131.4 139.7 116.6 142.1 106.0 122.0 127.1 121.4 80.6
cqks 117.4 139.9 131.7 103.6 127.6 99.5 130.9 133.0 115.8 100.5 115.9 120.4 108.6 117.4 106.3
cQ,s 110.8 127.6 121.7 96.0 128.3 104.2 125.3 138.5 114.8 93.4 119.2 118.9 104.9 114.1 100.8
wf.daia;= 112.1 129.5 124.0 85.4 128.7 101.8 130.3 128.5 108.9 114.4 139.1 114.1 119.0 115.1 97.0
iema;eïnr® 121.7 136.7 131.9 83.0 132.2 116.1 131.1 125.9 108.6 83.0 123.7 116.7 99.2 111.2 106.6
Tlaf;danr® 124.5 147.3 140.2 83.2 123.3 111.7 134.2 131.5 108.5 83.4 128.6 122.0 99.6 110.5 102.4
fkdjeïnr® 124.6 142.4 136.0 85.1 120.2 113.5 129.3 134.9 106.7 114.4 156.9 116.2 119.7 116.8 112.0
foieïnr® 130.8 153.0 143.5 74.4 134.6 119.0 131.2 133.2 107.7 108.6 117.3 111.7 110.6 115.2 81.1

2016 ^we& ckjd˙ 124.9 154.4 142.7 69.7 142.2 128.9 131.5 130.3 108.4 125.1 100.4 121.1 120.4 112.3 116.6
fmnrjd˙ 121.6 149.1 138.0 64.5 130.7 117.0 125.1 128.6 103.9 105.7 124.8 114.5 110.6 112.1 122.4
udr®;= 119.5 164.5 144.1 70.1 142.4 107.8 124.3 148.9 107.9 104.4 146.9 127.2 114.7 117.8 89.3
wfm%a,a 120.5 153.5 139.3 76.3 143.9 110.0 134.6 125.6 109.7 102.9 136.3 120.4 110.7 115.4 108.6
uehs 137.1 153.5 147.0 76.8 135.4 103.5 126.7 139.0 110.6 130.8 118.7 121.9 126.2 120.7 85.9
cqks 131.8 163.6 149.6 87.0 139.9 100.6 128.5 133.0 109.9 112.4 135.2 118.9 116.8 118.4 110.9
cQ,s 125.9 154.0 142.1 101.0 141.6 106.7 128.0 136.2 120.5 98.3 122.4 118.2 106.7 120.4 100.5
wf.daia;= 124.8 150.3 140.0 76.5 153.8 103.7 133.6 139.5 115.0 134.9 151.1 132.3 136.3 125.6 96.3
iema;eïnr® 127.4 152.1 141.5 82.3 144.8 93.7 124.6 124.6 112.2 81.9 122.5 111.4 96.1 113.1 114.3
Tlaf;danr® 127.6 152.8 141.0 85.8 135.2 103.0 133.5 133.1 108.0 80.2 154.1 113.4 108.3 110.2 113.9
fkdjeïnr® 133.8 166.7 153.0 91.5 134.1 101.1 139.3 144.5 113.0 103.2 150.2 126.4 115.4 120.8 118.5
foieïnr® 139.2 149.6 145.2 92.4 134.0 105.6 128.6 128.2 112.6 96.3 119.8 108.2 102.4 114.8 86.3
^w& remsh,aj,ska w.h lr we;s jákdlï or®Ylh iy m˙ud or®Ylh Ndú;d lr mdfIa or®Ylhla f,i .Kkh lr we;' uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& 2015 jir i`oyd jk o;a; ixfYdaOkh lr we;'
^we& ;djld,sl
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 66 jeks ixLHd igyk
úfoaYSh fj<|du
remsh,a ñ,shk t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
ld,m˙Éf√oh
wdkhk wmkhk ^w& fj<| fYaIh ^w& wdkhk wmkhk ^w& fj<| fYaIh ^w&

2012 2,441,879 1,245,531 -1,196,348 19,190 9,774 -9,417

2013 2,323,128 1,344,054 -979,074 18,003 10,394 -7,609
2014 2,535,163 1,453,176 -1,081,987 19,417 11,130 -8,287
2015 2,572,467 1,431,431 -1,141,035 18,935 10,546 -8,388
2016 ^wd& 2,826,260 1,500,766 -1,325,495 19,400 10,310 -9,090

2014 m<uqq ldr®;=j 620,660 368,151 -252,509 4,748 2,816 -1,932

fojk ldr®;=j 552,744 343,513 -209,231 4,237 2,633 -1,604
f;jk ldr®;=j 682,049 371,426 -310,623 5,237 2,852 -2,385
isõjk ldr®;=j 679,710 370,086 -309,624 5,194 2,828 -2,366

2015 m<uqq ldr®;=j 634,338 383,455 -250,883 4,792 2,896 -1,896

fojk ldr®;=j 634,507 340,178 -294,329 4,755 2,549 -2,206
f;jk ldr®;=j 628,816 351,158 -277,658 4,640 2,592 -2,048
isõjk ldr®;=j 674,806 356,641 -318,165 4,748 2,510 -2,238

2016 ^wd& m<uqq ldr®;=j 661,342 394,289 -267,052 4,594 2,739 -1,855
fojk ldr®;=j 685,249 346,688 -338,561 4,727 2,391 -2,335
f;jk ldr®;=j 673,373 386,669 -286,704 4,625 2,656 -1,969
isõjk ldr®;=j 806,297 373,119 -433,177 5,454 2,524 -2,931

2015 ckjd˙ 221,221 121,086 -100,135 1,682 920 -761

fmnrjd˙ 203,013 120,419 -82,594 1,530 907 -622
udr®;= 210,104 141,950 -68,153 1,581 1,068 -513
wfm%a,a 198,080 95,284 -102,796 1,490 717 -773
uehs 211,652 118,288 -93,364 1,585 886 -699
cqks 224,775 126,606 -98,169 1,679 946 -733
cQ,s 205,058 125,281 -79,777 1,534 937 -597
wf.daia;= 203,954 107,388 -96,566 1,523 802 -721
iema;eïnr® 219,804 118,489 -101,315 1,583 853 -730
Tlaf;danr® 230,823 119,865 -110,959 1,638 851 -788
fkdjeïnr® 208,049 119,077 -88,972 1,465 838 -626
foieïnr® 235,933 117,699 -118,234 1,645 821 -824

2016 ^wd& ckjd˙ 228,739 129,344 -99,396 1,589 899 -691

fmnrjd˙ 207,158 128,326 -78,831 1,439 892 -548
udr®;= 225,444 136,619 -88,825 1,566 949 -617
wfm%a,a 210,222 102,225 -107,997 1,461 710 -751
uehs 231,560 113,626 -117,934 1,590 780 -810
cqks 243,467 130,837 -112,630 1,676 901 -775
cQ,s 208,339 129,637 -78,702 1,433 892 -541
wf.daia;= 240,109 126,136 -113,973 1,649 866 -783
iema;eïnr® 224,925 130,897 -94,028 1,543 898 -645
Tlaf;danr® 279,961 125,582 -154,379 1,906 855 -1,051
fkdjeïnr® 255,951 119,643 -136,308 1,732 810 -922
foieïnr® 270,384 127,894 -142,490 1,816 859 -957
^w& 2015 jir i`oyd jk o;a; ixfYdaOkh lr we;' uQ,hka( Y%S ,xld fr®.=j
^wd& ;djld,sl YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 67 jeks ixLHd igyk
wmkhk ixhq;sh
t'c' fvd,r®
remsh,a ñ,shk
ñ,shk
ldr®ñl wmkhk lDIsldr®ñl wmkhk
ld,m˙Éf√oh uqΩ uqΩ
ue◊la" iqΩ Lkscuh
fr†ms<s yd rnr® Lkscf;,a fjk;a fmd,a wmkhk wmkhk
†huka;s yd f;a rnr® l=Ωnvq lDIsldr®ñl fjk;a wmkhk
weÛÆï ksIamd†; ksIm
a d†; ^w& ksIamd†; ^w& ^w&
iajr®KdNrK ksIamd†;
2012 508,607 109,458 71,278 58,902 190,518 180,429 15,726 26,594 33,032 9,702 32,232 7,833 1,245,531 9,774
2013 583,046 114,790 57,591 55,128 191,253 199,446 9,194 26,488 46,116 13,122 39,576 6,727 1,344,054 10,394
2014 643,688 116,168 51,385 44,132 223,352 212,588 5,916 46,517 34,537 21,580 43,625 7,764 1,453,176 11,130
2015 654,794 103,263 44,958 50,461 234,462 182,054 3,548 47,745 51,278 21,801 30,582 3,826 1,431,431 10,546
2016 ^wd& 710,768 111,791 39,845 41,794 251,508 184,778 4,758 53,283 46,224 16,590 33,093 4,219 1,500,766 10,310

2014 m<uqq ldr®;=j 165,341 29,338 13,461 12,559 55,664 50,585 2,533 10,125 6,835 4,991 11,339 4,907 368,151 2,816
fojk ldr®;=j 149,752 27,718 12,642 11,509 49,723 53,488 1,416 11,316 7,527 5,173 11,830 996 343,513 2,633
f;jk ldr®;=j 162,375 30,289 13,220 9,496 60,437 54,652 1,035 13,428 10,218 4,793 10,105 917 371,426 2,852
isõjk ldr®;=j 166,220 28,823 12,062 10,568 57,528 53,863 933 11,648 9,957 6,623 10,350 945 370,086 2,828

2015 m<uqq ldr®;=j 166,557 27,513 14,484 16,907 74,191 44,394 975 10,886 12,026 5,779 7,890 1,323 383,455 2,896
fojk ldr®;=j 153,149 25,391 9,637 12,844 54,125 46,387 913 12,285 10,675 5,416 7,847 995 340,178 2,549
f;jk ldr®;=j 165,911 25,112 9,578 11,193 52,181 43,963 783 13,344 15,643 4,587 6,837 899 351,158 2,592
isõjk ldr®;=j 169,177 25,246 11,259 9,517 53,966 47,311 877 11,230 12,934 6,019 8,008 609 356,641 2,510

2016 ^wd& m<uqq ldr®;=j 197,100 29,245 10,794 10,677 63,907 45,072 1,423 12,633 8,766 4,049 8,987 1,100 394,289 2,739
fojk ldr®;=j 166,070 24,483 10,636 8,415 57,016 44,250 1,029 12,525 9,349 4,167 7,327 875 346,688 2,391
f;jk ldr®;=j 174,880 29,693 9,062 10,509 67,490 48,266 892 14,759 15,825 5,398 8,031 1,320 386,669 2,656
isõjk ldr®;=j 172,719 28,370 9,354 12,193 63,095 47,190 1,415 13,366 12,284 2,977 8,748 924 373,119 2,524

2015 ckjd˙ 53,917 8,443 5,836 8,058 17,731 14,932 316 2,529 4,090 1,648 3,054 374 121,086 920
fmnrjd˙ 55,731 8,956 4,898 5,520 17,714 14,388 335 4,082 4,098 1,875 2,148 508 120,419 907
udr®;= 56,909 10,114 3,750 3,330 38,746 15,073 324 4,275 3,838 2,256 2,687 441 141,950 1,068
wfm%a,a 43,878 6,443 2,973 3,009 14,322 13,560 317 3,624 2,473 1,576 2,651 294 95,284 717
uehs 52,453 10,174 3,277 3,370 19,474 16,498 294 4,387 2,853 2,139 2,791 386 118,288 886
cqks 56,817 8,775 3,387 6,465 20,328 16,328 302 4,274 5,348 1,702 2,404 314 126,606 946
cQ,s 55,232 9,602 3,174 5,355 18,532 16,913 252 4,590 6,480 1,919 2,644 422 125,281 937
wf.daia;= 53,571 7,377 2,988 3,382 15,882 12,286 229 3,946 4,025 1,085 2,228 241 107,388 802
iema;eïnr® 57,109 8,134 3,416 2,456 17,767 14,763 302 4,808 5,137 1,582 1,965 236 118,489 853
Tlaf;danr® 54,486 8,907 3,806 2,648 18,967 16,808 289 4,524 5,169 1,402 2,455 237 119,865 851
fkdjeïnr® 58,260 7,951 4,858 2,525 16,799 15,412 260 3,308 4,269 2,548 2,518 210 119,077 838
foieïnr® 56,431 8,389 2,596 4,344 18,200 15,091 328 3,398 3,496 2,069 3,035 163 117,699 821

2016 ^wd& ckjd˙ 66,851 10,266 4,405 4,118 17,449 14,312 498 3,522 3,276 1,372 2,852 268 129,344 899
fmnrjd˙ 66,651 8,669 3,550 2,658 19,990 14,534 468 4,060 2,898 1,339 2,910 434 128,326 892
udr®;= 63,598 10,311 2,838 3,901 26,468 16,225 456 5,051 2,592 1,338 3,224 399 136,619 949
wfm%a,a 48,993 6,974 3,426 2,614 16,843 13,412 394 3,886 1,874 1,147 2,245 225 102,225 710
uehs 54,574 8,312 4,036 2,457 19,174 13,131 367 4,070 2,832 1,567 2,612 330 113,626 780
cqks 62,502 9,197 3,175 3,345 20,999 17,708 268 4,569 4,644 1,453 2,470 319 130,837 901
cQ,s 61,880 9,913 2,657 4,383 19,877 15,671 234 4,627 4,808 2,168 2,728 508 129,637 892
wf.daia;= 57,283 9,936 3,014 3,352 21,682 15,851 329 4,709 5,204 1,701 2,490 366 126,136 866
iema;eïnr® 55,717 9,844 3,391 2,774 25,931 16,744 328 5,423 5,813 1,529 2,813 446 130,897 898
Tlaf;danr® 57,520 10,038 3,768 3,995 20,727 15,872 448 4,846 4,212 1,156 2,515 324 125,582 855
fkdjeïnr® 56,604 9,045 2,676 3,614 20,235 14,969 486 4,272 3,315 975 3,004 271 119,643 810
foieïnr® 58,595 9,288 2,910 4,584 22,132 16,350 481 4,248 4,757 845 3,229 328 127,894 859
^w& 2015 jir i`oyd jk o;a; ixfYdaOkh lr we;' uQ,hka( ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj iy wfkl=;a Lkscf;,a wmkhkhlrejka
^wd& ;djld,sl cd;sl ue◊la yd iajr®KdNrK wêld˙h
Y%S ,xld fr®.=j
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 68 jeks ixLHd igyk
f;a wmkhk" úl=Kqï iy ñ, .Kka
wmkhk fld<U fjkafoais

ld,m˙Éf√oh m%udKh jákdlu ñ, ^ke'ú'i'& úl=Kqï m%udKh ^lsf,da.%Eï oyia& o< ñ, ^lsf,da.%Euhg remsh,a&
^lsf,da.%Eï t'c' fvd,r®
oyia& remsh,a ñ,shk re'$ls'.%E' t'c' fvd,r®$ls'.%E' Wvrg ueorg my;rg tl;=j Wvrg ueorg my;rg ishÆu f;a
ñ,shk
2012 319,946 180,429 1,412 563.94 4.41 66,231 47,238 198,944 313,043 378.91 351.43 407.47 392.40
2013 319,673 199,446 1,542 623.91 4.82 69,432 48,683 205,369 323,484 405.66 399.06 470.88 445.83
2014 327,342 212,588 1,628 649.44 4.97 68,833 47,884 209,343 326,061 416.97 405.33 485.47 459.01
2015 306,966 182,054 1,340 593.08 4.37 67,360 46,405 200,099 313,865 387.21 359.60 416.47 401.46
2016 ^w& 288,771 184,778 1,269 639.88 4.39 54,653 40,932 178,990 274,576 455.37 424.71 489.50 473.15

2014 m<uqq ldr®;=j 75,233 50,585 387 672.38 5.14 16,687 11,301 49,520 77,509 442.12 429.91 514.92 486.77
fojk ldr®;=j 82,199 53,488 410 650.71 4.99 19,105 13,092 50,808 83,005 414.10 415.53 504.05 469.20
f;jk ldr®;=j 83,946 54,652 420 651.04 5.00 17,550 12,477 57,524 87,551 396.12 385.92 477.72 448.58
isõjk ldr®;=j 85,964 53,863 412 626.58 4.79 15,491 11,014 51,491 77,996 415.54 389.96 445.21 431.50

2015 m<uqq ldr®;=j 73,212 44,394 335 606.37 4.58 14,817 9,985 47,594 72,396 404.16 382.03 429.72 417.99
fojk ldr®;=j 78,335 46,387 348 592.16 4.44 19,589 13,266 50,299 83,154 365.00 357.17 425.84 400.44
f;jk ldr®;=j 74,551 43,963 325 589.70 4.35 17,304 12,020 51,379 80,703 377.22 340.75 396.06 383.71
isõjk ldr®;=j 80,868 47,311 333 585.03 4.12 15,650 11,134 50,827 77,611 402.47 358.46 414.25 403.69

2016 ^w& m<uqq ldr®;=j 74,453 45,072 313 605.37 4.21 15,902 10,814 49,532 76,248 417.01 374.86 411.85 406.39
fojk ldr®;=j 72,005 44,250 305 614.54 4.24 16,543 11,486 44,623 72,652 414.06 398.60 454.61 436.42
f;jk ldr®;=j 76,298 48,266 331 632.60 4.34 12,122 11,076 46,096 69,293 437.89 422.02 501.11 477.59
isõjk ldr®;=j 66,014 47,190 319 714.85 4.84 10,085 7,557 38,740 56,383 552.53 503.38 590.44 572.20

2015 ckjd˙ 24,481 14,932 114 609.95 4.64 5,142 3,294 16,142 24,578 399.19 375.14 440.50 423.24
fmnrjd˙ 23,552 14,388 108 610.92 4.60 4,327 2,874 14,901 22,103 408.02 385.77 425.26 416.90
udr®;= 25,179 15,073 113 598.64 4.50 5,347 3,816 16,551 25,715 405.29 385.18 423.41 413.83
wfm%a,a 22,924 13,560 102 591.52 4.45 5,840 3,767 16,438 26,045 377.30 375.27 428.35 409.22
uehs 27,618 16,498 124 597.39 4.47 6,988 4,949 16,908 28,845 361.31 352.22 421.89 395.06
cqks 27,793 16,328 122 587.50 4.39 6,761 4,550 16,953 28,264 356.41 344.02 427.30 397.06
cQ,s 28,737 16,913 127 588.56 4.40 7,621 5,222 20,279 33,123 383.31 350.57 419.68 400.47
wf.daia;= 21,188 12,286 92 579.86 4.33 4,590 3,261 14,665 22,515 374.50 343.13 396.49 384.35
iema;eïnr® 24,626 14,763 106 599.50 4.32 5,094 3,537 16,435 25,065 373.84 328.56 372.02 366.31
Tlaf;danr® 29,037 16,808 119 578.83 4.11 6,406 4,300 20,866 31,571 401.75 347.06 387.82 384.97
fkdjeïnr® 26,398 15,412 109 583.81 4.11 4,724 3,474 15,380 23,579 398.73 360.92 426.43 411.19
foieïnr® 25,433 15,091 105 593.39 4.14 4,520 3,360 14,582 22,461 406.92 367.39 428.49 414.91

2016 ^w& ckjd˙ 24,131 14,312 99 593.12 4.12 5,207 3,481 15,343 24,031 409.70 368.74 418.73 409.61
fmnrjd˙ 23,607 14,534 101 615.68 4.28 4,661 3,219 15,283 23,163 420.54 375.56 402.29 402.22
udr®;= 26,716 16,225 113 607.34 4.22 6,034 4,114 18,905 29,054 420.79 380.29 414.54 407.35
wfm%a,a 22,176 13,412 93 604.77 4.20 3,390 2,347 9,895 15,631 427.14 395.32 436.07 428.04
uehs 21,264 13,131 90 617.51 4.24 5,464 3,962 15,333 24,758 423.03 409.46 467.22 448.15
cqks 28,565 17,708 122 619.91 4.27 7,690 5,177 19,396 32,263 392.02 391.01 460.55 433.08
cQ,s 25,719 15,671 108 609.33 4.19 4,507 3,832 15,335 23,673 419.13 399.88 475.27 452.28
wf.daia;= 25,146 15,851 109 630.36 4.33 3,409 3,586 13,629 20,625 434.90 415.31 490.58 468.81
iema;eïnr® 25,433 16,744 115 658.33 4.52 4,206 3,658 17,132 24,995 459.62 450.88 537.49 511.68
Tlaf;danr® 22,929 15,872 108 692.20 4.71 3,152 2,724 13,082 18,958 527.39 486.55 572.94 553.01
fkdjeïnr® 20,473 14,969 101 731.14 4.95 2,937 2,242 12,010 17,189 559.75 501.33 598.99 579.60
foieïnr® 22,612 16,350 110 723.07 4.86 3,996 2,591 13,648 20,235 570.45 522.25 599.40 584.01
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,hka( fld<U f;a ;e/õlrejkaf.a ix.uh
Y%S ,xld fr®.=j
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 úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 69 jeks⁄ ixLHd igyk

f;a wmkhk mßudj iy jákdlu ^w&

m%udKh ^lsf,da.%Eï oyia& jákdlu ^remsh,a ñ,shk&

YSr®Ih
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^wd& 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^wd&
lΩ f;a
f;d. jYfhka 131,864 129,817 127,107 132,782 125,200 65,386 72,479 73,497 68,375 68,953
melÜ l< 157,438 156,935 164,129 145,415 134,324 81,831 89,643 98,448 80,461 79,586
uÆj, weiqrE 23,993 25,735 28,661 22,151 23,011 25,864 28,108 31,074 24,929 27,419
y˙; f;a
f;d. jYfhka 860 1,013 1,197 1,116 1,089 461 569 717 703 704
melÜ l< 2,429 2,218 1,997 1,543 1,331 2,383 2,819 2,418 1,768 1,674
uÆj, weiqrE 1,810 2,004 2,050 1,828 1,805 3,130 3,826 4,007 3,638 3,997
laI◊l f;a 1,552 1,951 2,201 2,131 2,011 1,373 2,003 2,426 2,179 2,445

tl;=j 319,946 319,673 327,342 306,966 288,771 180,429 199,446 212,588 182,054 184,778
^w& uÆj, weiqrE( .%Eï 4 g wvq uQ,h( Y%S ,xld fr®.=j
melÜ l<( .%Eï 4 - lsf,da.%Eï 10
f;d. jYfhka( lsf,da.%Eï 10 g jeä
^wd& ;djld,sl

úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 70 jeks⁄ ixLHd igyk

rgj,a wkqj flfrk f;a wmkhk
m%udKh ^lsf,da.%Eï oyia& jákdlu ^t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk&
rg
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w& 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^w&

ueo fmrÈ. rgj,a 147,815 163,131 159,074 151,006 138,185 604 714 728 607 557
brdkh 41,043 39,648 30,077 30,066 33,929 186 194 160 132 154
brdlh 23,488 22,518 24,749 31,365 32,557 83 87 90 99 104
BY%dh,h 1,632 1,673 2,314 1,689 1,748 8 8 12 8 8
fcdr®®odkh 9,434 7,664 6,712 5,650 3,996 36 36 37 29 22
l=fõgh 7,402 16,112 12,223 8,730 3,527 23 50 43 30 16
fi!† wrdìh 4,699 3,758 5,091 4,907 4,514 21 19 27 26 24
is˙hdj 24,741 21,059 12,917 11,091 12,107 104 94 60 47 54
;=r®lsh 23,163 32,235 44,746 33,706 27,069 90 141 209 137 99
tlai;a wrdì tór® rdcHh 11,887 18,071 19,814 23,438 18,381 51 82 88 97 74
fjk;a 324 394 431 365 357 2 2 2 2 2

iajdëk fmdÿ rdcH uKav,Sh rgj,a 75,053 70,670 66,636 55,489 53,101 351 371 350 241 227
reishdj 49,231 46,372 44,101 36,744 34,433 223 240 228 157 143
fjk;a 25,822 24,298 22,536 18,745 18,669 127 131 122 84 85

hqfrdamd ix.uh 23,903 23,839 26,091 23,345 23,173 128 142 159 131 129
fn,acshu 2,524 2,565 2,608 2,452 2,909 10 12 12 9 11
µska,ka;h 1,041 1,340 2,254 1,142 1,215 6 9 13 6 6
cr®uksh 5,926 6,669 6,701 6,998 6,854 26 33 33 29 29
whr®,ka; ckrch 1,469 1,911 2,059 1,988 1,819 10 15 17 15 15
b;d,sh 1,806 1,396 1,525 1,517 960 9 8 8 7 5
fkor®,ka;h 2,371 2,426 3,241 1,866 3,044 14 16 21 14 20
fmda,ka;h 2,877 3,054 2,825 2,574 2,455 16 18 18 16 15
tlai;a rdcOdksh 1,943 1,072 1,277 1,414 1,241 11 9 10 11 10
fjk;a 3,946 3,407 3,601 3,394 2,677 26 24 28 23 19

wfkl=;a ld¾ñl rgj,a 18,111 17,730 19,135 17,228 17,076 115 118 127 107 111
´iafÜ%,shdj 2,905 2,826 3,040 2,490 2,481 31 31 32 23 23
lekvdj 721 626 745 631 497 5 5 6 5 4
cmdkh 9,754 8,938 9,108 8,462 7,764 51 48 50 42 43
kjiS,ka;h 960 1,012 1,053 1,057 917 8 8 9 9 8
wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh 3,483 4,145 4,977 4,333 5,218 19 24 30 27 32
fjk;a 288 182 211 255 199 1 1 1 1 1

wfkl=;a rgj,a 55,064 44,303 56,406 59,897 57,236 214 196 264 255 244
Ñ,S 6,582 6,861 7,029 6,963 6,672 22 26 30 25 25
Ökh 3,212 4,519 5,305 7,455 7,604 15 22 26 34 32
B„ma;=j 3,800 2,036 2,829 4,180 3,053 14 9 12 15 11
fydxfldx 4,417 4,974 5,074 4,847 4,620 17 20 21 19 19
f,nkkh 2,157 2,831 3,491 2,473 3,468 11 16 21 13 17
,sìhdj 16,514 6,643 12,650 9,984 12,645 51 22 45 33 45
ol=Kq wm%sldj 1,861 2,304 1,765 2,039 2,043 7 9 7 8 8
;dhsjdkh 2,107 2,199 2,971 3,609 3,077 8 9 11 12 11
fjk;a 14,414 11,936 15,292 18,346 14,054 69 65 90 95 76
tl;=j 319,946 319,673 327,342 306,966 288,771 1,412 1,542 1,628 1,340 1,269
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2012 11,222 19,131 7,024 37,377 4,816 8,106 2,803 15,726 125 420.74 3.35 416.47 409.56 410.84 405.00 376.57 422.33
2013 4,752 15,210 3,624 23,586 1,743 6,095 1,356 9,194 71 389.81 3.02 376.90 369.21 397.28 389.69 309.23 349.39
2014 1,967 12,173 2,167 16,306 587 4,553 776 5,916 45 362.83 2.78 286.05 280.14 310.00 302.20 213.27 247.75
2015 903 8,748 722 10,373 217 3,064 268 3,548 26 342.03 2.52 248.17 242.92 301.53 296.30 187.80 213.67
2016 ^w& 1,630 12,015 2,522 16,167 387 3,743 628 4,758 33 294.33 2.02 239.28 229.76 262.31 258.81 179.98 221.85

2014 m<uqq ldr®;=j 1,200 4,635 1,138 6,972 387 1,757 389 2,533 19 363.33 2.78 305.49 297.78 324.73 317.46 245.28 285.89
fojk ldr®;=j 169 3,078 643 3,890 51 1,120 244 1,416 11 363.85 2.79 297.33 292.71 310.56 302.56 207.43 265.65
f;jk ldr®;=j 355 2,251 275 2,881 91 845 99 1,035 8 359.08 2.76 270.42 263.82 306.60 296.46 202.92 229.74
isõjk ldr®;=j 243 2,209 110 2,562 59 830 44 933 7 364.12 2.78 270.95 266.23 298.10 292.30 197.44 209.72

2015 m<uqq ldr®;=j 247 2,442 148 2,837 65 850 60 975 7 343.60 2.60 274.96 271.14 267.15 261.10 187.31 235.18
fojk ldr®;=j 465 2,369 299 3,133 98 718 97 913 7 291.31 2.18 229.35 224.90 286.15 278.91 175.96 240.32
f;jk ldr®;=j 53 1,940 143 2,136 17 710 56 783 6 366.46 2.70 241.72 232.20 314.54 309.90 200.71 202.31
isõjk ldr®;=j 138 1,997 131 2,266 37 786 55 877 6 387.15 2.72 245.88 243.42 338.31 335.28 187.23 176.89

2016 ^w& m<uqq ldr®;=j 376 3,547 184 4,108 84 1,267 72 1,423 10 346.32 2.41 210.23 194.46 287.37 284.49 148.75 185.13
fojk ldr®;=j 421 2,623 438 3,481 99 808 122 1,029 7 295.59 2.04 248.96 239.00 273.75 270.29 170.48 218.72
f;jk ldr®;=j 156 2,506 198 2,861 40 791 61 892 6 311.73 2.14 236.31 232.28 240.66 236.48 178.34 212.37
isõjk ldr®;=j 676 3,339 1,702 5,717 165 877 374 1,415 10 247.50 1.67 261.60 259.45 247.44 243.96 222.35 271.17

2015 ckjd˙ 59 768 48 875 17 281 18 316 2 361.13 2.75 304.83 297.25 289.94 283.83 195.83 220.66
fmnrjd˙ 91 824 46 961 24 290 21 335 3 348.74 2.63 275.75 277.17 262.50 258.60 190.25 245.29
udr®;= 96 850 55 1,001 23 279 21 324 2 323.33 2.43 244.30 239.00 249.00 240.88 175.83 239.60
wfm%a,a 114 921 67 1,102 21 274 22 317 2 287.23 2.16 219.30 217.20 256.36 250.86 166.00 229.19
uehs 236 761 70 1,067 51 216 27 294 2 275.87 2.07 233.75 227.00 289.43 280.75 170.43 245.56
cqks 115 687 162 964 25 228 48 302 2 313.07 2.34 235.00 230.50 312.67 305.13 191.44 246.21
cQ,s - 638 75 713 - 225 28 252 2 354.34 2.65 243.00 235.77 320.00 313.31 206.63 223.06
wf.daia;= 20 585 15 621 8 214 7 229 2 368.41 2.75 243.33 231.33 307.60 305.40 205.71 198.53
iema;eïnr® 33 717 53 803 9 271 22 302 2 375.71 2.71 238.83 229.50 316.01 311.00 189.78 185.32
Tlaf;danr® 20 694 36 751 5 268 16 289 2 385.25 2.73 241.00 235.60 341.41 338.00 191.57 182.27
fkdjeïnr® 40 602 23 665 10 240 10 260 2 391.60 2.76 - 245.67 336.11 332.25 189.06 172.36
foieïnr® 78 701 71 850 21 278 28 328 2 385.33 2.69 250.75 249.00 337.40 335.60 181.06 176.04

2016 ^w& ckjd˙ 39 1,161 46 1,245 10 468 21 498 3 400.28 2.78 228.00 188.67 285.60 284.00 159.11 176.16
fmnrjd˙ 159 1,165 43 1,368 36 415 18 468 3 342.55 2.38 194.00 189.25 289.38 286.31 141.84 178.48
udr®;= 179 1,220 96 1,495 39 384 33 456 3 304.81 2.12 208.68 205.47 287.14 283.14 145.31 200.76
wfm%a,a 287 950 107 1,344 65 299 29 394 3 292.86 2.04 232.63 - 278.75 276.00 169.83 230.91
uehs 115 894 199 1,207 29 277 61 367 3 304.16 2.09 245.33 239.00 272.51 272.17 169.29 223.31
cqks 19 779 132 930 5 232 31 268 2 288.43 1.99 268.92 - 270.00 262.71 172.33 201.95
cQ,s 59 614 38 711 15 208 11 234 2 329.83 2.27 254.38 247.00 264.83 259.57 188.57 214.84
wf.daia;= 40 900 68 1,008 10 298 21 329 2 326.63 2.24 229.33 228.47 234.71 231.00 174.33 208.90
iema;eïnr® 58 992 92 1,142 14 285 29 328 2 287.33 1.97 225.23 221.38 222.43 218.88 172.13 213.38
Tlaf;danr® 366 989 580 1,935 89 243 115 448 3 231.42 1.58 237.10 234.07 228.00 220.50 185.44 229.61
fkdjeïnr® 207 1,163 637 2,007 51 289 146 486 3 242.16 1.64 262.50 261.29 235.33 236.66 224.00 263.60
foieïnr® 103 1,188 485 1,776 25 344 112 481 3 271.04 1.82 285.21 283.00 279.00 274.71 257.60 320.29
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2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w& 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w&
hqfrdamd ix.uh 4,900 4,094 4,205 2,960 4,090 17.7 13.5 11.6 7.0 8.3
cmdkh 1,413 1,679 1,662 1,636 1,525 5.2 5.8 5.2 4.4 3.8
uef,aishdj 11,640 4,976 1,117 424 2,595 33.2 12.0 2.2 0.6 3.7
mdlsia:dkh 5,382 4,652 2,409 1,379 3,009 15.8 11.9 4.8 2.5 4.8
wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh 1,723 1,008 711 478 882 6.3 3.5 2.1 1.3 2.0
úhÜkduh 970 990 1,147 1,029 617 4.4 4.3 4.5 3.7 2.0
fjk;a rgj,a 11,349 6,188 5,053 2,467 3,448 42.4 20.3 14.8 6.7 8.1
tl;=j 37,377 23,586 16,306 10,373 16,167 125.1 71.3 45.3 26.1 32.7
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2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w& 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w&
1' hqfrdamd ix.uh 236,430 253,463 282,820 257,391 277,188 1,855 1,959 2,166 1,896 1,905
Tiaá%hdj 1,841 1,613 1,338 1,333 1,196 14 12 10 10 8
fn,a‚hu - ,laiïnr®.a 15,055 20,452 21,432 22,676 29,745 118 158 164 167 204
fpla ckrch 703 696 574 612 919 6 5 4 4 6
fvkaudr®lh 957 885 1,207 962 1,121 8 7 9 7 8
m%xYh 11,704 14,698 21,308 15,168 10,798 92 114 163 112 74
cr®uksh 23,941 24,413 24,080 26,708 28,270 188 189 184 196 194
whr®,ka; ckrch 881 2,038 2,573 1,369 1,469 7 16 20 10 10
b;d,sh 52,461 52,725 65,183 48,498 50,909 411 408 499 357 350
fkor®,ka;h 5,439 7,924 11,817 12,759 13,034 43 61 91 94 90
fmda,ka;h 1,278 1,571 1,492 1,555 1,547 10 12 11 11 11
iaf,dajelshd ckrch 2,273 2,674 4,459 4,120 4,825 18 21 34 30 33
iamd[a[h 2,160 2,544 2,580 5,021 6,065 17 20 20 37 42
iaùvkh 3,717 3,959 5,471 4,647 5,974 29 31 42 34 41
tlai;a rdcOdksh 112,719 116,131 117,851 110,819 120,257 883 899 903 815 826
fjk;a 1,302 1,142 1,454 1,145 1,058 12 5 11 11 9

2' wefußld tlai;a ckmoh 192,465 236,660 259,858 286,624 306,212 1,512 1,830 1,990 2,110 2,104

3' fjk;a rgj,a 53,317 61,536 68,673 74,787 86,396 417 476 526 550 593
´iafÜ%,shdj 3,717 4,257 4,506 6,149 7,266 29 33 35 45 50
lekvdj 9,811 10,153 10,036 11,414 13,936 77 79 77 84 96
Ökh 1,917 2,873 4,648 7,302 9,509 15 22 36 54 65
cmdkh 3,464 5,006 6,265 5,358 6,504 27 39 48 39 45
tlai;a wrdì tór® rdcHh 5,551 6,673 6,871 6,565 6,963 43 52 53 48 48
fjk;a 28,859 32,575 36,347 37,998 42,218 226 251 278 279 290

tl;=j 482,212 551,659 611,350 618,803 669,796 3,784 4,265 4,682 4,556 4,603
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2012 41,776 2,499 622 351 8,738 1,277 85 16,493 26,594 209 209.17 511.04 137.12 1.65 3.99 1.09 173.19 212.42 114.29 0.70 1.57
2013 44,257 3,821 71 379 8,891 2,214 14 15,370 26,488 205 200.89 579.38 191.32 1.55 4.48 1.49 239.05 252.32 143.65 0.58 2.02
2014 76,406 11,254 4,222 716 19,441 7,629 899 18,547 46,517 356 254.45 677.92 212.99 1.95 5.19 1.63 297.05 266.85 155.26 0.81 2.46
2015 45,963 22,032 478 552 13,612 16,409 102 17,623 47,745 352 296.14 744.80 212.65 2.17 5.50 1.56 290.65 265.52 150.07 0.69 2.29
2016 ^wE& 72,023 22,679 1,184 765 17,537 13,690 251 21,805 53,283 366 243.48 603.63 211.93 1.67 4.14 1.45 265.27 264.89 148.24 0.79 1.93
2014 m<uq ldr®;=j 17,147 1,449 49 147 4,372 940 10 4,803 10,125 77 254.97 648.50 197.27 1.95 4.96 1.51 285.13 275.23 160.78 0.85 2.40
fojk ldr®;=j 18,903 1,999 547 168 5,129 1,293 116 4,779 11,316 87 271.33 646.60 211.95 2.08 4.96 1.63 304.50 274.47 159.81 0.87 2.53
f;jk ldr®;=j 22,365 3,034 2,282 213 5,665 2,083 478 5,202 13,428 103 253.31 686.62 209.44 1.95 5.27 1.61 296.70 253.45 154.98 0.76 2.45
isõjk ldr®;=j 17,991 4,772 1,345 189 4,275 3,314 296 3,763 11,648 89 237.61 694.44 220.00 1.82 5.31 1.68 301.86 264.26 145.46 0.74 2.46
2015 m<uq ldr®;=j 5,694 5,546 105 93 2,169 4,235 24 4,459 10,886 82 380.87 763.63 226.61 2.88 5.76 1.71 332.86 277.91 163.62 0.72 2.64
fojk ldr®;=j 9,275 5,963 70 124 3,328 4,594 16 4,347 12,285 92 358.82 770.46 233.25 2.69 5.77 1.74 321.49 277.80 153.15 0.70 2.57
f;jk ldr®;=j 15,161 5,568 147 167 4,159 4,111 29 5,046 13,344 98 274.29 738.18 197.06 2.02 5.45 1.45 257.46 255.43 141.85 0.66 2.06
isõjk ldr®;=j 15,833 4,955 157 167 3,956 3,470 33 3,771 11,230 79 249.88 700.29 208.84 1.76 4.93 1.47 250.76 250.96 141.63 0.67 1.90

2016 ^wE& m<uq ldr®;=j 17,282 4,452 235 175 3,838 2,906 44 5,845 12,633 88 222.07 652.72 189.09 1.54 4.53 1.31 249.97 256.13 143.52 0.72 1.85
fojk ldr®;=j 15,711 5,191 105 168 4,137 3,188 21 5,179 12,525 86 263.29 614.11 200.84 1.82 4.23 1.39 260.73 259.02 148.17 0.80 1.87
f;jk ldr®;=j 20,204 6,914 210 219 5,007 3,994 40 5,719 14,759 101 247.80 577.60 191.67 1.70 3.97 1.32 253.87 265.99 140.31 0.81 1.85
isõjk ldr®;=j 18,826 6,122 634 203 4,556 3,602 145 5,063 13,366 90 241.98 588.45 228.95 1.64 3.98 1.55 296.51 278.43 159.38 0.81 2.13
2015 ckjd˙ 1,597 1,198 32 23 582 871 6 1,069 2,529 19 364.61 727.28 201.59 2.77 5.53 1.53 319.29 278.47 155.80 0.73 2.58
fmnrjd˙ 1,970 2,086 42 34 764 1,607 10 1,702 4,082 31 387.77 770.32 227.91 2.92 5.80 1.72 333.11 277.65 162.41 0.75 2.64
udr®;= 2,127 2,262 31 36 823 1,757 8 1,687 4,275 32 386.68 776.73 250.28 2.91 5.84 1.88 346.19 277.62 172.66 0.69 2.72
wfm%a,a 2,164 1,789 - 32 876 1,396 - 1,352 3,624 27 404.96 780.40 - 3.05 5.87 - 353.36 278.44 168.50 0.68 2.79
uehs 3,260 2,207 21 45 1,141 1,746 5 1,495 4,387 33 349.99 791.03 254.29 2.62 5.93 1.90 336.67 280.79 155.31 0.72 2.69
cqks 3,851 1,967 49 47 1,311 1,452 11 1,500 4,274 32 340.36 738.33 224.14 2.54 5.51 1.67 274.45 274.17 135.65 0.71 2.23
cQ,s 4,387 1,788 42 50 1,303 1,458 9 1,820 4,590 34 296.95 815.91 212.11 2.22 6.10 1.59 266.22 263.21 145.90 0.69 2.12
wf.daia;= 4,356 1,781 42 50 1,183 1,296 8 1,459 3,946 29 271.66 727.83 183.65 2.03 5.44 1.37 260.02 256.05 140.63 0.65 2.10
iema;eïnr® 6,418 2,000 63 68 1,673 1,356 12 1,767 4,808 35 260.59 677.92 195.96 1.88 4.88 1.41 246.15 247.02 139.04 0.65 1.96
Tlaf;danr® 6,179 1,814 74 64 1,536 1,244 16 1,727 4,524 32 248.64 686.05 217.72 1.76 4.87 1.55 247.22 248.33 138.80 0.67 1.90
fkdjeïnr® 4,699 1,507 42 50 1,202 1,070 9 1,027 3,308 23 255.80 710.18 202.79 1.80 5.00 1.43 244.63 250.13 138.00 0.66 1.85
foieïnr® 4,954 1,634 42 53 1,218 1,155 8 1,017 3,398 24 245.81 706.98 199.21 1.71 4.93 1.39 260.45 254.40 148.10 0.68 1.95
2016 ^wE& ckjd˙ 4,841 1,275 30 49 1,081 900 5 1,536 3,522 24 223.32 705.95 182.03 1.55 4.90 1.26 244.56 256.18 - 0.69 1.85
fmnrjd˙ 5,852 1,266 79 57 1,234 829 14 1,983 4,060 28 210.88 654.46 180.56 1.47 4.55 1.25 247.78 261.84 143.72 0.71 1.81
udr®;= 6,589 1,910 126 69 1,523 1,177 25 2,326 5,051 35 231.10 616.02 196.13 1.61 4.28 1.36 257.56 250.38 143.33 0.78 1.88
wfm%a,a 5,333 1,388 63 54 1,303 847 13 1,723 3,886 27 244.26 610.57 198.72 1.70 4.24 1.38 266.79 255.59 141.20 0.82 1.90
uehs 4,980 1,671 21 53 1,374 998 4 1,693 4,070 28 276.00 597.59 209.32 1.89 4.10 1.44 261.50 257.27 151.32 0.78 1.86
cqks 5,398 2,133 21 61 1,459 1,342 4 1,763 4,569 31 270.38 629.37 198.72 1.86 4.33 1.37 253.90 264.20 152.00 0.80 1.83
cQ,s 6,134 2,239 42 68 1,511 1,269 8 1,839 4,627 32 246.31 566.87 195.47 1.69 3.90 1.34 245.12 269.87 139.55 0.80 1.78
wf.daia;= 6,785 2,265 53 73 1,581 1,328 10 1,790 4,709 32 232.98 586.40 196.88 1.60 4.03 1.35 251.96 264.09 137.12 0.82 1.86
iema;eïnr® 7,285 2,410 116 78 1,915 1,396 22 2,090 5,423 37 262.86 579.30 187.91 1.80 3.97 1.29 264.53 264.00 144.26 0.81 1.92
Tlaf;danr® 7,721 2,093 168 79 1,711 1,201 37 1,898 4,846 33 221.53 573.52 220.37 1.51 3.90 1.50 279.29 272.74 156.40 0.79 2.01
fkdjeïnr® 6,015 1,890 263 65 1,483 1,148 59 1,581 4,272 29 246.61 607.29 226.30 1.67 4.11 1.53 293.43 269.17 152.20 0.81 2.14
foieïnr® 5,090 2,138 203 59 1,362 1,254 49 1,583 4,248 29 267.51 586.42 239.48 1.80 3.94 1.61 316.82 293.38 169.54 0.85 2.26
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l=re`≥
.ïñ˙ia
lrdnqkeá
id†lald yd
jidjdis
wfkl=;a
l=Ωnvq
m,;=re
OdkH jr®.
;, weg
fldfldajd
fldams
mqjla
nq,;a
jdIamYS,S
f;,a
lcq
fjk;a

2012 14,762 10,532 2,918 1,620 879 10,814 861 26,592 38,765 2,025 2,524 10 2,435 1,934 33 146 25,716
2013 14,148 21,703 5,483 2,306 690 22,737 1,142 33,532 17,637 6,507 102 19 9,783 3,024 52 51 30,062
2014 13,949 8,353 1,233 2,065 1,990 40,460 1,162 39,008 12,573 3,496 334 57 29,384 2,998 158 129 26,124
2015 13,828 17,027 5,529 2,258 1,200 25,846 880 32,659 17,160 3,886 93 24 29,513 2,404 134 113 24,963
2016 ^w& 14,946 8,383 1,849 2,387 2,708 21,140 897 33,300 8,301 3,934 43 14 13,468 1,956 188 63 23,862

2014 m<uq ldr®;=j 2,844 1,694 266 752 239 7,792 396 10,393 3,877 772 168 40 5,401 900 29 19 9,668
fojk ldr®;=j 2,139 2,496 345 428 321 14,276 246 10,879 4,301 37 46 5 7,762 596 43 25 6,208
f;jk ldr®;=j 4,552 2,150 211 460 1,220 9,407 259 10,093 2,182 2,483 68 7 4,503 684 41 45 4,468
isõjk ldr®;=j 4,415 2,014 411 425 211 8,985 261 7,643 2,213 204 54 5 11,717 818 46 40 5,779

2015 m<uq ldr®;=j 2,945 2,841 3,159 310 275 7,143 289 7,715 2,845 77 33 6 9,727 801 28 26 7,329
fojk ldr®;=j 2,350 4,166 1,403 463 291 6,864 173 8,747 5,345 206 12 7 7,672 671 54 14 10,190
f;jk ldr®;=j 3,888 6,614 468 789 350 4,786 197 7,279 6,209 2,843 17 5 4,490 407 27 27 3,693
isõjk ldr®;=j 4,645 3,405 498 697 285 7,054 221 8,917 2,760 761 31 5 7,624 525 26 46 3,752

2016 ^w& m<uq ldr®;=j 3,816 1,266 363 391 288 5,535 288 10,066 3,566 300 8 3 2,878 562 60 18 6,123
fojk ldr®;=j 2,532 2,199 534 696 467 5,093 195 9,093 2,487 619 18 4 3,904 365 46 17 6,639
f;jk ldr®;=j 5,062 2,462 477 771 1,228 6,124 213 7,504 1,066 2,474 7 4 5,753 530 54 17 5,801
isõjk ldr®;=j 3,536 2,457 475 530 725 4,387 201 6,636 1,181 540 10 2 933 499 29 11 5,298

2015 ckjd˙ 1,232 902 859 136 108 2,608 114 2,094 532 3 20 1 3,358 246 14 13 2,145
fmnrjd˙ 955 888 1,074 82 69 2,300 80 2,228 1,945 74 6 1 2,240 276 6 11 2,783
udr®;= 758 1,052 1,226 91 98 2,236 96 3,393 369 … 7 4 4,129 279 8 2 2,401
wfm%a,a 576 686 684 107 62 1,645 45 2,891 836 - 3 1 2,327 254 15 6 1,737
uehs 631 1,006 477 143 101 3,250 73 2,972 1,223 36 4 2 3,717 220 21 4 2,456
cqks 1,144 2,474 242 213 127 1,969 56 2,884 3,287 170 5 4 1,628 197 18 4 5,997
cQ,s 1,249 3,239 208 313 163 1,618 74 2,345 3,431 1,179 8 2 2,410 222 9 14 1,452
wf.daia;= 1,038 1,701 139 171 84 1,432 53 2,412 1,357 830 3 3 478 88 6 12 1,180
iema;eïnr® 1,600 1,674 121 304 102 1,736 71 2,522 1,421 833 5 … 1,602 97 12 1 1,060
Tlaf;danr® 1,698 1,556 249 277 103 2,055 57 2,935 1,466 608 5 1 1,069 163 14 2 1,076
fkdjeïnr® 1,551 1,036 154 294 86 3,143 70 2,630 959 57 13 2 3,637 166 7 29 1,123
foieïnr® 1,396 814 95 126 96 1,856 93 3,352 335 95 13 1 2,917 196 5 14 1,553

2016 ^w& ckjd˙ 1,458 551 97 169 90 1,458 83 3,135 2,687 112 3 1 1,010 194 18 16 1,573
fmnrjd˙ 1,299 400 67 78 71 1,991 101 3,296 456 76 2 1 1,049 192 7 1 2,023
udr®;= 1,059 315 199 144 126 2,087 104 3,635 423 112 3 2 819 176 34 1 2,528
wfm%a,a 662 279 200 113 97 1,586 48 2,986 1,701 167 8 1 861 133 2 4 2,141
uehs 678 706 145 291 163 1,935 82 3,161 391 264 9 1 1,911 119 24 1 2,008
cqks 1,192 1,214 189 292 207 1,573 65 2,945 395 188 1 2 1,133 112 21 13 2,490
cQ,s 1,485 778 173 267 130 2,741 58 2,577 401 487 2 2 2,913 177 14 8 2,547
wf.daia;= 1,616 827 156 288 514 1,481 64 2,587 353 1,043 1 1 1,739 178 19 1 1,669
iema;eïnr® 1,962 857 148 215 584 1,903 92 2,340 313 944 3 1 1,100 174 21 8 1,584
Tlaf;danr® 1,393 686 142 216 112 1,422 53 2,625 307 413 3 1 414 158 11 4 2,127
fkdjeïnr® 926 568 121 167 307 1,649 65 2,224 424 57 5 1 285 177 14 5 1,768
foieïnr® 1,217 1,203 213 147 306 1,316 84 1,787 451 70 3 1 234 165 4 2 1,403
^w& ;djld,sl ^iïnkaOhs&
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 75 jeks⁄ ixLHd igyk ^iïnkaOhs&
wfkl=;a lDIsld¾ñl wmkhk mßudj iy jákdlï
jákdlu ^remsh,a ñ,shk& jákdlu
l=Ωnvq iqΩ lDIsldr®ñl ksIamd†; ^t'c'
fvd,r®
ld,m˙Éf√oh ñ,shk&

l=re`≥
.ïñ˙ia
lrdnqkeá
id†lald yd
jidjdis
wfkl=;a
l=Ωnvq
t<jΩ
ilia fkdl<
≥ïfld<
m,;=re
OdkH jr®.
;, weg
fldfldajd
fldams
mqjla
nq,;a
jdIamYS,S
f;,a
lcq
fjk;a
tl;=j
tl;=j

2012 17,397 9,192 2,373 2,875 1,196 1,694 5,374 2,303 1,925 323 1,648 8 480 638 121 170 2,086 49,802 388
2013 17,992 16,693 6,400 4,051 980 3,230 6,149 3,768 1,315 1,360 34 15 2,065 1,368 174 77 2,947 68,618 529
2014 18,255 9,447 1,834 3,886 1,115 5,230 5,397 5,765 1,026 803 140 30 8,312 1,377 589 186 3,351 66,744 511
2015 19,099 20,215 6,444 4,534 985 4,142 4,310 5,173 1,758 634 33 24 9,187 1,235 329 189 3,238 81,530 600
2016 ^w& 24,973 11,147 2,013 5,815 2,276 3,854 4,536 5,045 793 639 17 21 4,949 1,126 686 112 3,204 71,204 489

2014 m<uq ldr®;=j 3,608 1,505 429 1,110 183 1,044 1,479 1,632 279 229 66 11 1,273 387 113 30 971 14,348 110
fojk ldr®;=j 2,736 3,247 556 746 242 1,717 1,402 1,493 332 13 18 5 1,956 277 202 32 844 15,818 121
f;jk ldr®;=j 6,056 2,359 316 1,008 480 1,244 1,064 1,360 206 517 29 6 1,437 319 100 59 760 17,319 133
isõjk ldr®;=j 5,856 2,336 532 1,023 210 1,226 1,453 1,279 210 45 27 8 3,645 394 175 65 776 19,259 147

2015 m<uq ldr®;=j 3,807 3,022 3,936 1,049 212 1,011 1,131 1,161 521 17 11 5 2,642 403 66 41 913 19,948 151
fojk ldr®;=j 3,089 4,902 1,598 863 223 1,133 1,057 1,310 456 42 4 8 2,386 341 100 23 747 18,281 137
f;jk ldr®;=j 5,548 8,123 441 1,255 276 799 1,081 1,181 529 459 7 4 1,375 206 81 46 699 22,109 163
isõjk ldr®;=j 6,655 4,168 469 1,367 274 1,199 1,040 1,522 252 117 11 7 2,783 286 82 80 879 21,192 149

2016 ^w& m<uq ldr®;=j 5,523 1,624 463 865 291 973 1,320 1,382 259 45 4 6 1,083 316 222 30 701 15,108 105
fojk ldr®;=j 4,107 3,125 544 1,227 346 938 1,028 1,400 209 93 6 4 1,344 208 145 30 728 15,482 107
f;jk ldr®;=j 8,946 3,348 525 2,093 913 1,105 1,170 1,149 156 411 4 6 2,185 305 201 30 953 23,499 161
isõjk ldr®;=j 6,397 3,050 481 1,630 726 838 1,017 1,113 169 91 4 4 337 297 119 21 822 17,116 116

2015 ckjd˙ 1,548 1,023 1,045 415 59 363 511 326 74 2 5 1 855 122 25 17 222 6,612 50
fmnrjd˙ 1,272 1,008 1,421 339 57 329 339 361 391 15 2 2 646 140 17 21 280 6,640 50
udr®;= 987 991 1,471 294 96 319 282 474 56 … 3 2 1,142 141 24 3 410 6,695 50
wfm%a,a 753 711 832 129 48 400 384 362 76 - 1 1 735 129 29 9 233 4,833 36
uehs 848 1,169 481 290 64 437 369 505 107 7 2 4 1,089 112 31 6 276 5,797 43
cqks 1,488 3,021 285 444 111 296 304 443 273 34 2 3 562 100 39 8 238 7,651 57
cQ,s 1,718 3,990 182 444 146 263 361 383 301 209 3 1 616 112 29 23 241 9,023 67
wf.daia;= 1,454 2,048 131 330 62 243 443 385 122 125 2 3 178 43 26 20 182 5,796 43
iema;eïnr® 2,375 2,084 128 481 69 293 278 412 105 126 3 … 582 50 26 2 276 7,290 52
Tlaf;danr® 2,420 1,892 238 531 88 397 349 462 110 95 3 2 402 88 32 4 206 7,317 52
fkdjeïnr® 2,197 1,268 138 589 76 451 164 477 86 8 4 3 1,332 90 36 51 460 7,431 52
foieïnr® 2,038 1,008 93 247 110 351 528 583 56 14 4 3 1,049 108 14 25 214 6,444 45

2016 ^w& ckjd˙ 2,134 654 112 298 77 262 400 429 144 16 1 2 377 109 53 26 215 5,309 37
fmnrjd˙ 1,910 509 91 302 85 342 446 479 58 13 1 2 396 108 39 3 241 5,025 35
udr®;= 1,479 461 259 264 129 369 475 474 57 16 1 3 310 99 129 2 245 4,773 33
wfm%a,a 1,004 351 233 179 107 280 320 429 93 25 3 1 250 77 21 7 240 3,621 25
uehs 1,173 1,010 140 408 101 346 432 486 57 39 2 1 637 68 38 1 238 5,176 36
cqks 1,930 1,764 171 640 138 312 277 485 58 29 1 1 457 64 86 22 249 6,685 46
cQ,s 2,568 1,188 211 705 136 452 205 426 59 80 2 3 1,135 102 61 13 287 7,633 52
wf.daia;= 2,932 1,032 137 760 343 280 322 389 54 175 ... 1 650 101 75 2 252 7,507 52
iema;eïnr® 3,446 1,129 178 628 434 373 643 334 43 155 2 1 400 101 64 15 414 8,359 57
Tlaf;danr® 2,429 980 126 515 162 276 284 424 42 69 1 2 147 93 75 7 296 5,928 40
fkdjeïnr® 1,760 624 126 535 270 306 357 373 61 10 2 1 105 106 33 9 275 4,953 34
foieïnr® 2,209 1,446 229 581 294 256 377 316 66 12 1 1 85 98 11 5 252 6,236 42
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( Y%S ,xld fr®.=j
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 76 jeks⁄ ixLHd igyk
f;dard.;a ld¾ñl yd Lkscuh wmkhk
remsh,a ñ,shk t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk
YSr®Ih
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w& 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w&

1' wdydr" mdk jr®. yd ≥ïfld< 36,328 30,428 37,767 41,704 ^wd& 47,087 284 235 289 307 ^wd& 324
weUreï lr®udka; wdYs%; ksIamd†; 11,382 4,791 5,572 4,191 3,795 90 37 43 31 26
t<jΩ" m,;=re yd weg jr®. wdY%s; ksIamd†; 7,570 8,128 10,455 11,876 14,499 59 63 80 87 100
OdkHuh ieliqï 2,585 3,192 2,854 2,848 2,799 20 25 22 21 19
u;aiH ksIamd†; ^we& 58 91 77 54 56 … 1 1 … …
ilial< ≥ïfld< 6,063 6,348 7,276 7,847 10,642 47 49 56 58 73
fjk;a 8,671 7,879 11,534 14,887 ^wd& 15,296 67 61 88 109 ^wd& 105
2' i;a;aj wdydr 11,159 8,243 8,412 10,186 9,874 88 64 64 75 68

3' fr†ms<s yd weÛÆï 508,607 583,046 643,688 654,794 710,768 3,991 4,508 4,930 4,820 4,884
weÛÆï 482,212 551,659 611,350 618,803 669,796 3,784 4,265 4,682 4,556 4,603
úhk ,o fr† 11,807 15,917 11,791 13,813 15,607 92 124 90 101 107
fr† úùug .kakd fl¢ jr®. 7,461 7,543 8,844 8,555 10,121 58 58 68 63 70
wfkl=;a ksul< fr†ms<s øjH 7,127 7,927 11,703 13,622 15,244 56 61 90 100 105
4' rnr® ksIamd†; 109,458 114,790 116,168 103,263 111,791 859 888 890 761 768
rnr® ghr® 68,672 71,306 73,619 63,336 69,295 540 551 564 467 476
Y,H w;ajeiqï yd wfkl=;a w;ajeiqï 22,546 25,248 22,970 22,337 25,644 177 195 176 165 176
fjk;a rnr® ksIamd†; 18,240 18,237 19,579 17,590 16,853 143 141 150 130 116

5' ue◊la" †huka;s yd iajr®KdNrK 71,278 57,591 51,385 44,958 39,845 559 446 394 332 274
ue◊la 14,982 16,765 22,583 22,235 21,713 118 130 173 164 149
†huka;s 53,218 38,114 25,891 20,105 15,209 417 295 198 148 105
iajr®KdNrK 3,078 2,711 2,911 2,619 2,923 24 21 22 19 20
6' hka;%iQ;% yd hdka;s%l WmlrK 37,814 40,384 44,772 39,895 46,267 297 312 343 294 318
ú≥,s hka;% iy WmlrK 4,137 5,867 7,122 7,395 6,618 32 45 55 54 45
úoHq;a WmlrK 12,992 12,405 15,153 13,182 14,573 102 96 116 97 100
m˙jr”h /yeka" ú≥,s /yeka yd ikakdhl 7,309 6,950 7,187 6,115 7,771 57 54 55 45 53
fjk;a 13,375 15,162 15,311 13,203 17,304 106 117 117 97 119
7' m%jdyk WmlrK 20,580 18,806 19,821 32,619 19,108 165 146 152 244 131
r:jdyk 10,509 4,105 5,051 5,449 6,117 86 32 39 40 42
keõ" fndaÜgq yd mdfjk wdlD;Ska 7,279 10,503 11,268 24,209 9,401 57 82 86 182 65
fjk;a 2,792 4,197 3,503 2,961 3,590 22 33 27 22 25
8' Lkscf;,a ksIamd†; 58,902 55,128 44,132 50,461 41,794 463 428 338 374 287
keõ yd .=jka hdkd bkaOk 58,148 54,542 42,733 49,138 39,436 457 423 327 364 271
fjk;a Lkscf;,a ksIamd†; 753 586 1,399 1,323 2,358 6 5 11 10 16

9' ridhksl ksIamd†; 14,874 15,514 17,553 17,178 18,379 117 120 134 126 126

10' ±j yd lvØis ksIamd†; 14,266 14,958 16,040 15,254 17,003 112 116 123 112 117

11' iï NdKav" ixpdrl NdKav yd mdjyka 7,085 9,958 18,134 18,397 24,102 55 77 139 136 166
mdjyka 1,569 3,806 11,303 11,696 17,118 12 29 87 86 118
ixpdrl NdKav 3,457 3,662 4,098 3,864 4,162 27 28 31 29 29
fjk;a 2,060 2,490 2,732 2,837 2,822 16 19 21 21 19
12' ma,diaála yd tA wdY%s; ksIamd†; 6,685 7,094 8,712 8,489 9,648 53 55 67 62 66
13' uQ, f,day yd uQ, f,day ksIamd†; 7,124 7,670 8,152 7,572 13,051 56 59 62 56 90
14' msÛka ueá ksIamd†; 4,580 5,232 5,396 4,770 5,007 36 40 41 35 34
msÛka .fvd,a 850 1,061 1,182 1,015 1,061 7 8 9 7 7
msÛka NdKav" .Dyia: WmlrK yd ikSmdrlaIl NdKav 3,242 3,724 3,787 3,372 3,390 25 29 29 25 23
fjk;a 488 448 427 383 556 4 3 3 3 4
15' fjk;a ldr®ñl wmkhk 30,023 32,966 38,593 38,399 41,983 235 255 296 283 288
ld¾ñl wmkhk tl;=j 938,762 1,001,808 1,078,725 1,087,938 ^wd& 1,155,706 7,371 7,749 8,262 8,017 ^wd& 7,940

Lkscuh wmkhk
iajNdúl ñ◊rka 561 569 615 531 668 4 4 5 4 5
iajNdúl je,s 28 9 3 … 1 … … … … …
;srejdkd .,a 1,075 1,235 1,361 1,173 1,455 8 10 10 9 10
fjk;a 6,169 4,914 5,786 2,121 2,094 48 38 44 16 14

Lkscuh wmkhk tl;=j 7,833 6,727 7,764 3,826 4,219 61 52 59 28 29

^w& ;djld,sl uQ,hka( ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj
^wd& ixfYdaê; iy wfkl=;a Lkscf;,a wmkhklrejka
^we& ljphka yd uDoajx.Ska we;=<;aj cd;sl ue◊la yd iajr®KdNrK wêld˙h
Y%S ,xld fr®.=j
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 77 jeks⁄ ixLHd igyk

m%Odk wdkhk NdKav j¾.

jákdlu ^remsh,a ñ,shk& jákdlu ^t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk& uqΩ wdkhkj, m%;sY;hla jYfhka
ldKavh
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w& 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w& 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w&

1. mdßfNda.sl NdKav 380,968 410,996 503,021 640,352 628,862 2,995 3,182 3,853 4,713 4,319 15.6 17.7 19.8 24.9 22.3

1.1 wdydr yd mdk jr®. 166,003 176,423 213,308 220,828 237,036 1,304 1,368 1,634 1,628 1,627 6.8 7.6 8.4 8.6 8.4
m˙mamq 8,891 13,434 15,818 20,108 20,297 69 104 121 148 139 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7
ΩEkq 6,590 12,892 8,529 16,619 14,553 52 100 65 122 100 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.5
iSks 43,872 37,187 33,332 34,164 49,919 345 289 255 253 343 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.8
yd,a 3,083 2,297 36,795 17,956 1,872 24 18 282 135 13 0.1 0.1 1.5 0.7 0.1
mdka msá 628 237 270 277 255 5 2 2 2 2 … … … … …
ls˙ iy ls˙ ksIamd†; 39,023 37,572 44,308 34,088 36,338 307 291 339 251 249 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.3
udΩ 17,089 20,881 18,462 29,799 34,130 134 162 141 218 234 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.2
f;,a yd fïoh 2,535 7,638 2,629 4,541 5,229 20 59 20 33 36 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2
l=Ωnvq 8,588 10,308 12,822 15,425 19,199 68 80 98 113 132 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
wfkl=;a 35,703 33,977 40,343 47,852 55,243 280 263 309 352 379 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.9 2.0

1.2 wfkl=;a md˙fNda.sl NdKav 214,965 234,573 289,713 419,524 391,826 1,691 1,814 2,219 3,086 2,692 8.8 10.1 11.4 16.3 13.9
r:jdyk 62,506 75,419 117,076 184,683 115,618 495 582 897 1,360 795 2.6 3.2 4.6 7.2 4.1
.Dy WmlrK - .=jka ú≥,s yd rEmjdyskS hka;% 14,923 13,324 11,237 16,358 19,760 118 103 86 120 136 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7
.Dy yd ±j NdKav 14,958 16,170 17,470 20,400 26,530 117 125 134 150 182 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9
rnr® ksIamd†; 10,219 11,345 11,745 15,546 16,307 80 88 90 114 112 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
fnfy;a yd T!Iëh ksIamd†; 47,537 48,845 49,685 62,498 76,547 372 378 381 460 526 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.4 2.7
wfkl=;a 64,822 69,471 82,501 120,039 137,063 508 538 632 882 941 2.6 3.0 3.3 4.7 4.9

2. wka;¾ NdKav 1,474,534 1,361,740 1,488,091 1,309,234 1,438,156 11,578 10,554 11,398 9,638 9,870 60.3 58.6 58.7 50.9 50.9
fmdfydr 39,859 30,972 35,591 39,573 19,904 311 239 272 290 137 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.5 0.7
bkaOk 640,197 555,930 600,150 366,339 361,895 5,045 4,308 4,597 2,700 2,481 26.3 23.9 23.7 14.3 12.8
ridhksl ksIamd†; 85,540 94,781 105,532 118,197 124,706 670 734 808 870 856 3.5 4.1 4.2 4.6 4.4
;s˙Û= yd b˙Û= 46,352 41,551 52,844 48,658 36,221 364 323 405 357 249 1.9 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.3
fr†ms<s yd fr†ms<s Wmdx. 289,546 264,302 303,907 311,965 393,896 2,266 2,046 2,328 2,296 2,705 11.8 11.4 12.0 12.1 13.9
†huka;s" w.kd .,a jr®. yd f,day 74,577 61,733 22,910 21,762 75,082 588 483 175 162 514 3.1 2.7 0.9 0.9 2.7
uQ, f,day 56,683 52,420 62,443 63,832 66,610 440 406 478 471 456 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.4
r:jdyk yd hka;% fldgia 26,899 27,147 29,755 35,851 40,973 211 210 228 264 281 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5
lv∞is yd >k lv∞is 46,370 49,091 63,992 64,851 70,897 363 380 490 477 487 1.9 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.5
wfkl=;a 168,511 183,815 210,967 238,205 247,972 1,321 1,425 1,616 1,752 1,703 6.9 7.9 8.3 9.3 8.8

3. wdfhdack NdKav 582,921 548,604 542,169 620,730 757,340 4,590 4,253 4,152 4,567 5,198 23.9 23.6 21.4 24.1 26.8
f.dvke.s,s øjH 157,437 175,054 170,901 184,176 228,538 1,237 1,357 1,309 1,352 1,569 6.4 7.5 6.7 7.1 8.1
m%jdyk WmlrK 124,773 86,170 92,367 125,927 128,473 992 668 707 931 880 5.2 3.7 3.6 4.9 4.5
hka;%iQ;% yd WmlrK 300,138 286,631 278,257 309,811 399,090 2,356 2,222 2,131 2,278 2,741 12.3 12.3 11.0 12.0 14.1
wfkl=;a 573 748 644 816 1,239 5 6 5 6 8 … … … … …

4. tl;=j ^YS¾I 1" 2 yd 3& 2,438,423 2,321,340 2,533,281 2,570,315 2,824,358 19,163 17,989 19,402 18,919 19,387 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9

5. j¾. fkdl< wdkhk 3,455 1,788 1,882 2,151 1,902 28 14 14 16 13 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

6. uqΩ¿ wdkhk 2,441,879 2,323,128 2,535,163 2,572,467 2,826,260 19,190 18,003 19,417 18,935 19,400 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,hka( ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj
,xld whs'´'iS' iud.u
iSudiys; mS%ud ,xld iud.u
iSudiys; fifrkaäí µa,dr® ñ,aia mqoa.,sl iud.u
Y%S ,xld fr®.=j
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 78 jeks⁄ ixLHd igyk
wdkhk ixhq;sh
t'c' fvd,r®
remsh,a ñ,shk
ñ,shk
md˙fNda.sl NdKav wka;r® NdKav wdfhdack NdKav
ld,m˙Éf√oh
wdydruh fr†ms<s yd ;s˙Û= hka;%iQ;% wfkl=;a uqΩ uqΩ
wdydr yd fkdjk ms˙my≥ l< m%jdyk f.dvke.s,s wdkhk wdkhk wdkhk
md˙fNda.sl fndrf;,a fr†ms<s yd fmdfydr wfkl=;a yd wfkl=;a
mdk jr®. Lkscf;,a Wmdx. b˙Û= WmlrK øjH
NdKav WmlrK
2012 166,003 214,965 157,758 467,058 289,546 46,352 39,859 473,961 300,138 124,773 157,437 573 3,455 2,441,879 19,190
2013 176,423 234,573 182,064 352,984 264,302 41,551 30,972 489,868 286,631 86,170 175,054 748 1,788 2,323,128 18,003
2014 213,308 289,713 187,760 391,651 303,907 52,844 35,591 516,338 278,257 92,367 170,901 644 1,882 2,535,163 19,417
2015 220,828 419,524 100,578 244,148 311,965 48,658 39,573 564,312 309,811 125,927 184,176 816 2,151 2,572,467 18,935
2016 ^w& 237,036 391,826 86,969 246,233 393,896 36,221 19,904 654,932 399,090 128,473 228,538 1,239 1,902 2,826,260 19,400
2014 m<uqq ldr®;=j 44,171 57,846 60,897 121,593 69,051 11,639 9,397 117,406 71,551 16,825 39,891 95 298 620,660 4,748
fojk ldr®;=j 49,823 57,004 40,640 91,019 67,916 14,398 9,006 113,005 57,667 11,768 39,847 137 512 552,744 4,237
f;jk ldr®;=j 55,662 81,659 48,712 116,477 80,736 14,016 3,896 133,471 72,526 30,197 44,000 70 627 682,049 5,237
isõjk ldr®;=j 63,651 93,204 37,512 62,562 86,203 12,791 13,292 152,455 76,513 33,577 47,163 342 445 679,710 5,194
2015 m<uqq ldr®;=j 61,255 96,478 23,037 60,053 77,855 10,182 7,259 138,894 77,558 39,443 41,824 220 280 634,338 4,792
fojk ldr®;=j 54,399 94,526 23,796 76,516 80,613 13,102 11,341 135,624 74,249 28,993 40,245 109 996 634,507 4,755
f;jk ldr®;=j 49,985 116,214 26,205 52,245 70,883 15,546 8,366 141,318 68,673 31,716 47,044 121 502 628,816 4,640
isõjk ldr®;=j 55,189 112,307 27,539 55,334 82,615 9,828 12,608 148,477 89,331 25,776 55,063 366 374 674,806 4,748
2016 ^w& m<uqq ldr®;=j 57,507 102,161 13,817 45,167 100,538 7,838 5,911 149,210 102,546 22,701 53,482 272 193 661,342 4,594
fojk ldr®;=j 54,533 90,209 24,916 72,468 93,993 11,356 4,899 160,630 95,594 19,320 56,428 198 703 685,249 4,727
f;jk ldr®;=j 59,445 99,556 19,905 50,875 93,117 10,118 4,578 156,911 92,924 30,447 54,788 186 522 673,373 4,625
isõjk ldr®;=j 65,551 99,900 28,332 77,724 106,248 6,909 4,517 188,181 108,025 56,005 63,839 583 483 806,297 5,454
2015 ckjd˙ 22,303 29,967 10,094 23,034 26,313 2,802 1,332 47,143 31,645 11,990 14,358 131 109 221,221 1,682
fmnrjd˙ 19,370 27,410 12,943 19,436 28,013 410 2,634 44,649 23,020 9,337 15,679 53 58 203,013 1,530
udr®;= 19,582 39,101 - 17,583 23,529 6,971 3,294 47,102 22,893 18,115 11,786 36 112 210,104 1,581
wfm%a,a 19,804 30,165 - 26,573 24,026 1,318 4,211 44,353 25,217 9,312 12,364 44 692 198,080 1,490
uehs 17,612 28,947 11,509 23,767 27,398 4,621 3,349 48,065 23,237 9,561 13,346 20 220 211,652 1,585
cqks 16,983 35,414 12,288 26,176 29,189 7,162 3,781 43,206 25,794 10,119 14,534 45 84 224,775 1,679
cQ,s 17,741 37,697 5,940 17,197 26,877 3,356 867 46,290 23,947 10,798 14,133 29 187 205,058 1,534
wf.daia;= 16,211 40,060 10,581 14,387 20,644 1,885 2,109 49,299 21,564 10,779 16,319 44 72 203,954 1,523
iema;eïnr® 16,033 38,457 9,684 20,661 23,362 10,305 5,389 45,728 23,162 10,139 16,592 48 243 219,804 1,583
Tlaf;danr® 15,628 41,279 10,106 20,213 24,174 2,028 5,638 53,455 29,514 10,793 17,780 112 103 230,823 1,638
fkdjeïnr® 18,119 37,408 4,691 20,418 23,817 2,786 2,954 43,410 27,708 7,681 18,844 103 110 208,049 1,465
foieïnr® 21,442 33,619 12,743 14,702 34,624 5,014 4,016 51,612 32,109 7,302 18,439 150 161 235,933 1,645
2016 ^w& ckjd˙ 17,078 32,372 6,522 14,616 36,110 6,193 1,697 50,184 36,773 7,566 19,427 132 70 228,739 1,589
fmnrjd˙ 17,643 32,094 3,592 14,416 32,388 1,463 2,367 49,975 30,260 7,600 15,238 75 47 207,158 1,439
udr®;= 22,786 37,695 3,703 16,134 32,039 182 1,847 49,051 35,513 7,535 18,818 65 76 225,444 1,566
wfm%a,a 16,887 28,621 4,388 21,770 28,538 7,357 1,870 48,159 30,627 5,375 16,369 49 213 210,222 1,461
uehs 17,690 30,102 4,866 22,183 34,166 3,138 2,089 57,572 32,330 7,143 20,026 48 209 231,560 1,590
cqks 19,956 31,486 15,662 28,515 31,290 862 940 54,900 32,638 6,802 20,033 101 282 243,467 1,676
cQ,s 17,568 29,459 4,926 15,539 28,793 1,210 545 51,454 32,668 8,290 17,581 80 226 208,339 1,433
wf.daia;= 20,763 36,566 9,981 16,066 32,034 3,360 2,994 55,533 31,871 9,660 20,986 49 245 240,109 1,649
iema;eïnr® 21,114 33,531 4,997 19,271 32,290 5,548 1,038 49,924 28,385 12,497 16,221 57 52 224,925 1,543
Tlaf;danr® 23,471 31,923 11,012 24,110 34,138 2,817 795 59,163 34,597 37,971 19,699 68 198 279,961 1,906
fkdjeïnr® 20,855 36,468 5,163 20,996 38,177 273 2,636 63,216 36,042 9,789 22,091 127 119 255,951 1,732
foieïnr® 21,225 31,509 12,156 32,618 33,934 3,819 1,086 65,802 37,386 8,245 22,050 388 167 270,384 1,816
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,hka( ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj
,xld whs' ´' iS iud.u
iSudiys; mS%ud ,xld iud.u
iSudiys; fifrkaäí µa,dr® ñ,aia ^mqoa.,sl& iud.u
Y%S ,xld fr®.=j
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 79 jeks⁄ ixLHd igyk
m%Odk fj<| øjH wmkhk yd wdkhk
jákdlu ^remsh,a& jákdlu ^t'c' fvd,r®&
YSr®Ih
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w& 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w&
wmkhk
f;a
m%udKh ^ls'.%E' ñ,shk& 320 320 327 307 289 320 320 327 307 289
jákdlu ^ñ,shk& 180,429 199,446 212,588 182,054 184,778 1,412 1,542 1,628 1,340 1,269
ñ, ^ke'ú'i'$ls'.%E'& 563.94 623.91 649.44 593.08 639.88 4.41 4.82 4.97 4.37 4.39

rn¾
m%udKh ^ls'.%E' ñ,shk& 37 24 16 10 16 37 24 16 10 16
jákdlu ^ñ,shk& 15,726 9,194 5,916 3,548 4,758 125 71 45 26 33
ñ, ^ke'ú'i'$ls'.%E'& 420.74 389.81 362.83 342.03 294.33 3.35 3.02 2.78 2.52 2.02

fmd,a
m%udKh ^f.ä ñ,shk& 351 379 716 552 765 351 379 716 552 765
jákdlu ^ñ,shk& 10,101 11,118 27,970 30,123 31,477 80 86 214 222 216
ñ, ^f.ählg ke'ú'i'& 28.80 29.36 39.08 54.54 41.16 0.23 0.23 0.30 0.40 0.28

Lkscf;,a ksIamdÈ; ^wd&

m%udKh ^fuá%lafgdka oyia& 504 511 398 908 807 504 511 398 908 807
jákdlu ^ñ,shk& 58,902 55,128 44,132 50,461 41,794 463 428 338 374 287
ñ, ^ke'ú'i'$fu'fgd'& 116,788.92 107,863.96 110,951.90 55,582.67 51,805.83 917.94 836.94 849.69 411.87 355.58

ue‚◊la ^we&
m%udKh ^lerÜ oyia& 9,194 14,393 12,685 12,116 12,136 9,194 14,393 12,685 12,116 12,136
jákdlu ^ñ,shk& 14,211 16,084 21,831 21,322 20,750 111 125 167 157 143
ñ, ^ke'ú'i'$lerÜ& 1,545.74 1,117.50 1,721.09 1,759.82 1,709.76 12.11 8.66 13.18 12.95 11.74

uqΩ¿ jákdlu 279,368 290,970 312,437 287,508 283,557 2,191 2,252 2,393 2,119 1,947

wdkhk
iy,a
m%udKh ^fuá%lafgdka oyia& 36 23 600 286 30 36 23 600 286 30
jákdlu ^ñ,shk& 3,083 2,297 36,795 17,956 1,872 24 18 282 135 13
ñ, ^ñ'r'.e'$fu'fgd'& 85,228.69 100,027.85 61,322.36 62,870.34 63,398.07 674.30 779.53 469.45 473.21 434.69

;sßÕ= ^wd&
m%udKh ^fuá%lafgdka oyia& 1,084 895 1,179 1,208 948 1,084 895 1,179 1,208 948
jákdlu ^ñ,shk& 45,105 40,098 48,430 44,994 33,536 354 312 371 331 231
ñ, ^ñ'r'.e'$fu'fgd'& 41,601.29 44,824.24 41,092.42 37,251.72 35,390.85 326.60 348.78 314.70 273.67 243.41

iSks
m%udKh ^fuá%lafgdka oyia& 569 548 520 624 651 569 548 520 624 651
jákdlu ^ñ,shk& 43,872 37,187 33,332 34,164 49,919 345 289 255 253 343
ñ, ^ñ'r'.e'$fu'fgd'& 77,149.16 67,904.08 64,142.28 54,753.25 76,659.73 606.46 527.61 491.57 404.69 525.97

fndrf;,a ^wd&
m%udKh ^ner,a ñ,shk& 11 13 14 13 13 11 13 14 13 13
jákdlu ^ñ,shk& 157,758 182,064 187,760 100,578 86,969 1,248 1,413 1,438 739 596
ñ, ^ñ'r'.e'$ner,hla& 14,416.02 14,150.99 13,646.10 7,458.57 6,756.69 114.00 109.84 104.53 54.80 46.30

fmdfydr
m%udKh ^fuá%lafgdka oyia& 640 600 765 873 527 640 600 765 873 527
jákdlu ^ñ,shk& 39,859 30,972 35,591 39,573 19,904 311 239 272 290 137
ñ, ^ñ'r'.e'$fu'fgd'& 62,301.50 51,586.05 46,548.93 45,337.75 37,752.60 486.09 397.49 356.27 331.80 259.57

uqΩ¿ jákdlu 289,678 292,617 341,908 237,266 192,200 2,282 2,271 2,619 1,747 1,319
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,hka( ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj
^wd& .,mk ,o ,xld whs'´'iS' iud.u iy
^we& cd;sl ue◊la iy iajr®KdNrK wêld˙h jdr®;d lr we;s wdldrhg wfkl=;a Lkscf;,a wmkhklrejka
^f.jqvd yd rΩ ueKsla wdkhk iy m%;swmkhk yer& cd;sl ue◊la iy iajr®KdNrK wêld˙h
iSudiys; mS%ud ,xld iud.u
iSudiys; fifrkaäí µa,dr® ñ,aia mqoa.,sl iud.u
Y%S ,xld fr®.=j
Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 80 jeks⁄ ixLHd igyk
wmkhk fj<| ÈYdj ^w&
jákdlu ^t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk&
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^wd&
rgj,a jákdlu odhl;ajh jákdlu odhl;ajh jákdlu odhl;ajh jákdlu odhl;ajh jákdlu odhl;ajh
^]& ^]& ^]& ^]& ^]&
m%Odk;u wmkhk .ukdka;
wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh 2,126 21.7 2,494 24.0 2,731 24.5 2,810 26.6 2,810 27.3
tlai;a rdcOdksh 1,059 10.8 1,078 10.4 1,116 10.0 1,029 9.8 1,044 10.1
bka†hdj 567 5.8 544 5.2 625 5.6 643 6.1 554 5.4
cr®uksh 455 4.7 468 4.5 498 4.5 476 4.5 500 4.9
b;d,sh 508 5.2 511 4.9 614 5.5 434 4.1 430 4.2
fn,a‚hu - ,laiïnr®.a 533 5.5 449 4.3 316 2.8 283 2.7 338 3.3
tlai;a wrdì tór® rdcHh 223 2.3 237 2.3 277 2.5 276 2.6 234 2.3
uyck Ök iuQydKavj q 113 1.2 131 1.3 188 1.7 308 2.9 211 2.0
fkor®,ka;h 159 1.6 191 1.8 243 2.2 220 2.1 208 2.0
cmdkh 217 2.2 224 2.2 237 2.1 216 2.0 202 2.0
fjk;a wmkhk .ukdka;
´iafÜ%,shdj 135 1.4 156 1.5 164 1.5 160 1.5 166 1.6
wir®nhscdkh 46 0.5 52 0.5 56 0.5 47 0.4 47 0.5
nx.,dfoaYh 57 0.6 82 0.8 90 0.8 93 0.9 112 1.1
n%iS,h 38 0.4 63 0.6 55 0.5 44 0.4 44 0.4
lekvdj 144 1.5 152 1.5 172 1.5 181 1.7 180 1.7
Ñ,S 31 0.3 35 0.3 44 0.4 38 0.4 39 0.4
B‚ma;=j 42 0.4 44 0.4 41 0.4 42 0.4 37 0.4
m%xYh 177 1.8 195 1.9 264 2.4 193 1.8 157 1.5
fydxfldx 110 1.1 131 1.3 141 1.3 136 1.3 139 1.3
bka≥kSishdj 89 0.9 37 0.4 45 0.4 35 0.3 42 0.4
brdkh 196 2.0 205 2.0 181 1.6 156 1.5 173 1.7
brdlh 87 0.9 90 0.9 92 0.8 105 1.0 112 1.1
whr®,ka; ckrch 27 0.3 43 0.4 50 0.4 35 0.3 37 0.4
BY%dh,h 75 0.8 100 1.0 130 1.2 118 1.1 90 0.9
fcdar®odkh 44 0.5 44 0.4 45 0.4 38 0.4 33 0.3
l=fõgh 33 0.3 59 0.6 53 0.5 40 0.4 29 0.3
f,nkkh 15 0.2 20 0.2 27 0.2 25 0.2 31 0.3
,sìhdj 68 0.7 22 0.2 46 0.4 33 0.3 46 0.4
uef,aishdj 69 0.7 47 0.5 45 0.4 37 0.3 36 0.3
ud,†jhsk 53 0.5 59 0.6 88 0.8 77 0.7 95 0.9
fulaisfldaj 104 1.1 102 1.0 112 1.0 106 1.0 132 1.3
mdlsia:dkh 83 0.8 83 0.8 74 0.7 73 0.7 64 0.6
fmda,ka;h 40 0.4 47 0.5 53 0.5 43 0.4 46 0.4
reishdj 262 2.7 280 2.7 274 2.5 194 1.8 182 1.8
fi!† wrdìh 60 0.6 64 0.6 73 0.7 81 0.8 65 0.6
isx.mamQrej 100 1.0 105 1.0 141 1.3 83 0.8 114 1.1
iaf,dajelshd ckrch 18 0.2 21 0.2 35 0.3 32 0.3 37 0.4
ol=Kq wm%sldj 26 0.3 31 0.3 33 0.3 32 0.3 33 0.3
ol=Kq fld˙hdj 44 0.5 78 0.8 73 0.7 64 0.6 69 0.7
iamd[a[h 57 0.6 67 0.6 65 0.6 76 0.7 82 0.8
iaùvkh 62 0.6 61 0.6 71 0.6 64 0.6 69 0.7
iaúÜir®,ka;h 100 1.0 107 1.0 130 1.2 97 0.9 98 1.0
is˙hdj 107 1.1 97 0.9 62 0.6 48 0.5 55 0.5
;dhsjdkh 25 0.3 31 0.3 39 0.4 44 0.4 39 0.4
;dhs,ka;h 92 0.9 66 0.6 68 0.6 53 0.5 48 0.5
;=r®lsh 139 1.4 192 1.8 260 2.3 180 1.7 151 1.5
hqlafr®kh 58 0.6 59 0.6 42 0.4 22 0.2 28 0.3
úhÜkduh 21 0.2 42 0.4 74 0.7 73 0.7 95 0.9
fjk;a 881 9.0 895 8.6 776 7.0 852 8.1 730 7.1
hqfrdamd ix.uh ^we& 3,228 33.0 3,273 31.5 3,492 31.4 3,024 28.7 3,101 30.1
wdishdkq ksIaldYk ix.uh ^wE& 957 9.8 979 9.4 1,064 9.6 1,048 9.9 1,001 9.7
ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmSh iyfhda.;
s d ix.uh ^b& 762 7.8 773 7.4 882 7.9 891 8.4 827 8.0
ueofmrÈ. rgj,a ^B& 989 10.1 1,117 10.7 1,210 10.9 1,068 10.1 965 9.4
wdishd - Ydka;slr fj<| .súiqu (APTA) ^W& 782 8.0 835 8.0 978 8.8 1,109 10.5 950 9.2
nyqwdxYsl ;dlaI‚l iy wd¾Ól iyfhda.s;djh
Wfoid jk fnx.d, fndlafla rgj, uQ,sl;ajh
(BIMSTEC) ^W!& 718 7.3 698 6.7 789 7.1 795 7.5 717 7.0
iajdëk fmdÿ rdcH uKav,Sh rgj,a (CIS) ^t& 397 4.1 419 4.0 403 3.6 284 2.7 274 2.7
^w& fuys i|yka lr fkdue;s ishÆu rgj,a i|yd jk wmkhkhka idfmalaIj l=vd w.hka fõ' uQ,hka( cd;sl ue◊la yd iajr®KdNrK wêld˙h
^wd& ;djld,sl Y%S ,xld fr®.=j
^we& hqfrdamd ix.ufha idud‚lhka jkafka Tiaá%hdj" fn,a‚hu-,laiïnr®.a" n,af.a˙hdj" fl%dtAIshdj" ihsm%ih" fpla ckrch" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
fvkaudr®lh" tiaf;dakshdj" µska,ka;h" m%xYh" cr®uksh" .S%ish" yxf.a˙hdj" whr®,ka;h" b;d,sh" ,eÜúhdj" ,s;=fõkshdj"
fuda,agdj" fkor®,ka;h" fmda,ka;h" mD;=.d,h" refïkshdj" iaf,dajelshd ckrch" iaf,dafõkshdj" iamd[a[h" iaùvkh iy
tlai;a rdcOdkshhs'
^wE& wdishdkq ksIaldYk ix.ufha idud‚lhka jkafka nx.,dfoaYh" N+;dkh" bka†hdj" brdkh" ud,†jhsk" ñhkaudrh" fkamd,h"
mdlsia:dkh iy Y%S ,xldjhs'
^b& ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d iuqΩfõ idud‚lhka jkafka weµa.ksia:dkh" nx.,dfoaYh" N+;dkh" bka†hdj" ud,†jhsk"
fkamd,h" mdlsia:dkh iy Y%S ,xldjhs'
^B& ueofmr†. rgj,g wh;ajkafka nyfr®ka" brdkh" brdlh" BY%dh,h" fcdar®odkh" l=fõgh" ´udkh" m,ia;Skh" lgdr®" fi!†
wrdìh" is˙hdj" ;=r®lsh" tlai;a wrdì tñr® rdcHh iy fhaukhhs'
^W& wdishd-Ydka;slr fj<| .súiqug wh;a idud‚lhka jkafka nx.,dfoaYh" Ökh" bka†hdj" ,d´ih" fudxf.da,shdj" ol=Kq
fld˙hdj iy Y%S ,xldjhs'
^W!& nyq wdxYsl ;dCI◊l iy wdr®:sl iyfhda.s;djh Wfoid jk fnx.d, fndlafla rgj, uQ,sl;ajhg wh;a idud‚lhka jkafka
nx.,dfoaYh" N+;dkh" bka†hdj" ñhkaudrh" fkamd,h" ;dhs,ka;h iy Y%S ,xldjhs'
^t& iajdëk fmd≥ rdcH uKav,hg wh;a jkafka wdr®fïkshdj" wir®ncdkh" fn,dreia" lilia:dkh" lsr®.Sia;dkh" fud,afvdajd"
reishdj" ;‚lsia:dkh" gr®lafuksia:dkh" hqlafr®kh iy Wiafnlsia:dkhhs'
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 81 jeks⁄ ixLHd igyk
wdkhk fj<| ÈYdj ^w&
jákdlu ^t'c' fvd,r® ñ,shk&
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^wd&
rgj,a jákdlu odhl;ajh jákdlu odhl;ajh jákdlu odhl;ajh jákdlu odhl;ajh jákdlu odhl;ajh
^]& ^]& ^]& ^]& ^]&
m%Odk;u wdkhk uQ,hka
uyck Ök iuqydKavqj 2,667 13.9 2,953 16.4 3,494 18.0 3,712 19.6 4,215 21.7
bka†hdj 3,640 19.0 3,171 17.6 4,023 20.7 4,268 22.5 3,815 19.7
isx.mamQrej 1,683 8.8 1,682 9.3 1,260 6.5 1,063 5.6 1,175 6.1
tlai;a wrdì tór® rdcHh 1,289 6.7 1,179 6.6 1,838 9.5 1,067 5.6 1,119 5.8
cmdkh 552 2.9 668 3.7 941 4.8 1,389 7.3 950 4.9
uef,aishdj 811 4.2 570 3.2 745 3.8 508 2.7 638 3.3
wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh 234 1.2 416 2.3 492 2.5 471 2.5 539 2.8
;dhs,ka;h 458 2.4 437 2.4 442 2.3 497 2.6 515 2.7
;dhsjdkh 365 1.9 435 2.4 443 2.3 460 2.4 496 2.6
fydxfldx 605 3.2 430 2.4 351 1.8 365 1.9 466 2.4

fjk;a wdkhk uQ,hka

´iafÜ%,shdj 208 1.1 213 1.2 237 1.2 269 1.4 196 1.0
Tiaá%hdj 41 0.2 46 0.3 62 0.3 81 0.4 100 0.5
fn,a‚hu-,laiïnr®.a 362 1.9 220 1.2 121 0.6 148 0.8 72 0.4
n%iS,h 103 0.5 128 0.7 129 0.7 127 0.7 193 1.0
lekvdj 330 1.7 229 1.3 310 1.6 293 1.5 252 1.3
fvkaudr®lh 36 0.2 57 0.3 62 0.3 43 0.2 61 0.3
m%xYh 131 0.7 131 0.7 163 0.8 117 0.6 148 0.8
cr®uksh 319 1.7 384 2.1 327 1.7 347 1.8 435 2.2
bka≥kSishdj 418 2.2 439 2.4 451 2.3 459 2.4 388 2.0
BY%dh,h 84 0.4 76 0.4 70 0.4 52 0.3 81 0.4
b;d,sh 294 1.5 252 1.4 265 1.4 209 1.1 276 1.4
ud,†jhsk 16 0.1 13 0.1 10 0.1 23 0.1 90 0.5
ñhkaudrh 4 … 9 … 30 0.2 21 0.1 32 0.2
fkor®,ka;h 79 0.4 86 0.5 84 0.4 115 0.6 113 0.6
kjiS,ka;h 245 1.3 219 1.2 253 1.3 185 1.0 196 1.0
´udkh 106 0.6 772 4.3 560 2.9 189 1.0 32 0.2
mdlsia:dkh 353 1.8 378 2.1 280 1.4 297 1.6 304 1.6
lgdr® 77 0.4 53 0.3 57 0.3 36 0.2 30 0.2
reishdj 91 0.5 149 0.8 260 1.3 241 1.3 200 1.0
fi!† wrdìh 449 2.3 88 0.5 110 0.6 116 0.6 135 0.7
ol=Kq wm%sldj 23 0.1 36 0.2 22 0.1 86 0.5 198 1.0
ol=Kq fld˙hdj 536 2.8 288 1.6 392 2.0 296 1.6 324 1.7
iamd[a[h 36 0.2 46 0.3 50 0.3 42 0.2 78 0.4
iaùvkh 77 0.4 70 0.4 54 0.3 86 0.5 64 0.3
iaúÜir®,ka;h 234 1.2 242 1.3 130 0.7 127 0.7 275 1.4
;=r®lsh 51 0.3 40 0.2 51 0.3 50 0.3 69 0.4
hqlafr®kh 106 0.6 29 0.2 5 … 4 … 63 0.3
tlai;a rdcOdksh 297 1.5 281 1.6 290 1.5 364 1.9 327 1.7
úhÜkduh 99 0.5 181 1.0 192 1.0 245 1.3 270 1.4
fjk;a 1,680 8.8 906 5.0 360 1.9 466 2.5 468 2.4
hqfrdamd ix.uh ^we& 1,780 9.3 1,665 9.2 1,588 8.2 1,684 8.9 1,818 9.4
wdishdkq ksIaldYk ix.uh ^wE& 4,817 25.1 3,608 20.0 4,376 22.5 4,655 24.6 4,278 22.0
ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmSh iyfhda.;
s d ix.uh ^b& 4,036 21.0 3,587 19.9 4,339 22.3 4,626 24.4 4,239 21.8
ueofmrÈ. rgj,a ^B& 2,856 14.9 2,272 12.6 2,726 14.0 1,562 8.3 1,513 7.8
wdishd - Ydka;slr fj<| .súiqu (APTA) ^W& 6,869 35.8 6,437 35.8 7,938 40.9 8,321 43.9 8,393 43.3
nyq wdxYsl ;dCI‚l iy wd¾Ól iyfhda.s;djh
Wfoid jk fnx.d, fndlafla rgj, uQ,sl;ajh
(BIMSTEC) ^W!& 4,128 21.5 3,641 20.2 4,521 23.3 4,824 25.5 4,392 22.6
iajdëk fmdÿ rdcH uKav,Sh rgj,a (CIS) ^t& 214 1.1 232 1.3 285 1.5 288 1.5 289 1.5
^w& fuys i|yka lr fkdue;s ishÆu rgj,aj,ska flfrk wdkhkhka idfmalaIj l=vd w.hka fõ' uQ,hka( ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj
^wd& ;djld,sl ,xld whs'´'iS' iud.u
^we& hqfrdamd ix.ufha idud‚lhka jkafka Tiaá%hdj" fn,a‚hu-,laiïnr®.a" n,af.a˙hdj" fl%dtAIshdj" ihsm%ih" m%S%ud ,xld iud.u
fpla ckrch" fvkaudr®lh" tiaf;dakshdj" µska,ka;h" m%xYh" cr®uksh" .S%ish" yxf.a˙hdj" whr®,ka;h" iS$i fifrkaäí µa,dr® ñ,aia mqoa.,sl iud.u
b;d,sh" ,eÜúhdj" ,s;=fõkshdj" fuda,agdj" fkor®,ka;h" fmda,ka;h" mD;=.d,h" refïkshdj" iaf,dajelshd Y%S ,xld fr®.=j
ckrch" iaf,dafõksshdj" iamd[a[h" iaùvkh iy tlai;a rdcOdkshhs' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wE& wdishdkq ksIaldYk ix.ufha idud‚lhka jkafka nx.,dfoaYh" N+;dkh" bka†hdj" brdkh" ud,†jhsk"
ñhkaudrh" fkamd,h" mdlsia:dkh iy Y%S ,xldjhs'
^b& ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d iuqΩfõ iud‚lhka jkafka weµa.ksia:dkh" nx.,dfoaYh" N+;dkh"
bka†hdj" ud,†jhsk" fkamd,h" mdlsia:dkh iy Y%S ,xldjhs'
^B& ueofmr†. rgj,g wh;ajkafka nyfr®ka" brdkh" brdlh" BY%dh,h" fcdar®odkh" l=fõgh" ´udkh"
m,ia;Skh" lgdr®" fi!† wrdìh" is˙hdj" ;=r®lsh" tlai;a wrdì tñr® rdcHh iy fhaukhhs'
^W& wdishd-Ydka;slr fj<| .súiqug wh;a idud‚lhka jkafka nx.,dfoaYh" Ökh" bka†hdj" ,d´ih"
fudxf.da,shdj" ol=Kq fld˙hdj iy Y%S ,xldjhs'
^W!& nyq wdxYsl ;dCI◊l iy wdr®:sl iyfhda.s;djh Wfoid jk fnx.d, fndlafla rgj, uQ,sl;ajhg wh;a
idud‚lhka jkafka nx.,dfoaYh" N+;dkh" bka†hdj" ñhkaudrh" fkamd,h" ;dhs,ka;h iy Y%S ,xldjhs'
^t& iajdëk fmd≥ rdcH uKav,hg wh;a jkafka wdr®fïkshdj" wir®ncdkh" fn,dreia" lilia:dkh"
lsr®.Sia;dkh" fud,afvdajd" reishdj" ;‚lsia:dkh" gr®lafuksia:dkh" hqlafr®kh iy Wiafnlsia:dkhhs'
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 82 jeks⁄ ixLHd igyk
ixpdrl wxYfha l%shdldß;ajh
YSr®Ih 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w&

1' ixpdrl meñŒï ^ixLHdj& 1,005,605 1,274,593 1,527,153 1,798,380 2,050,832

1'1 l,dm wkqj meñ◊ .Kk
ngysr hqfrdamh 373,063 421,037 479,007 552,442 643,333
m%xYh 56,863 64,388 78,883 86,126 96,440
cr®uksh 71,642 85,470 102,977 115,868 133,275
b;d,sh 15,871 17,982 21,116 24,293 29,791
fkor®,ka;h 26,754 22,281 24,196 32,742 41,373
tlai;a rdcOdksh 114,218 137,416 144,168 161,845 188,159
fjk;a 87,715 93,500 107,667 131,568 154,295
kef.kysr hqfrdamh 72,401 125,695 154,153 148,458 161,171
reishdj 28,402 51,235 69,718 61,846 58,176
hqlafr®kh 22,348 38,607 29,882 23,853 31,302
fjk;a 21,651 35,853 54,553 62,759 71,693

W;=re wefu˙ldj 59,236 65,616 72,653 84,943 98,376

lekvdj 29,329 30,926 33,282 37,732 44,122
wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh 29,907 34,690 39,371 47,211 54,254
kef.kysr wdishdj 132,730 183,097 280,511 362,857 425,161
Ökh 25,781 54,288 128,166 214,783 271,577
cmdkh 26,085 29,923 39,136 39,358 43,110
uef,aishdj 21,776 19,519 23,178 22,772 24,727
bka≥kSishdj 2,890 17,540 29,558 23,305 16,047
fjk;a 56,198 61,827 60,473 62,639 69,700

ol=Kq wdishdj 247,559 326,556 370,299 459,415 513,536

bka†hdj 176,340 208,795 242,734 316,247 356,729
ud,†jhsk 47,572 79,474 86,359 90,617 95,167
mdlsia:dkh 16,056 25,336 25,424 32,300 29,965
fjk;a 7,591 12,951 15,782 20,251 31,675

Tiag%f,aishdj 57,776 60,836 65,252 71,672 83,851

´iafÜ%,shdj 51,614 54,252 57,940 63,554 74,496
kjiS,ka;h 5,641 6,174 6,880 7,762 9,045
fjk;a 521 410 432 356 310

fjk;a l,dm 62,840 91,756 105,278 118,593 125,404

1'2 meñ”fï wruqK wkqj ixpdrlhskaf.a .Kk
úfkdaodiajdoh 748,436 915,208 1,037,644 1,198,240 1,710,027
jHdmd˙l lghq;= 90,040 67,946 20,270 23,323 37,121
fjk;a 167,129 291,439 469,239 576,817 303,684
2' meh 24 g wvq ld,hlg rg ;=< /fok úfoaYSh
126,523 140,009 138,097 195,134 116,544
ixpdrlhskaf.a meñŒï ^ixLHdj&
3' kjd;eka Odß;dj
3'1 wdh;k ixLHdj 1,939 2,075 2,873 3,089 3,383
fydag,a yd wdmk Yd,d 1,306 1,416 1,553 1,612 1,692
ixpdrl yd m%jdyk ksfhda‚; wdh;k ^wd& 533 591 702 760 855
úfkdao wdh;k 22 10 15 71 ^we& 76
ixpdrl idmamq 52 58 63 66 70
fjk;a 26 - 540 580 ^we& 690
3'2 fY%a◊.; wdh;kj, Od˙;dj
tall .Kk 269 279 310 354 382
ldur .Kk 15,510 16,223 18,078 19,377 22,336
we|ka .Kk ^wE& 30,880 32,284 35,976 38,535 45,509
jdr®Isl Wmfhdack wkqmd;h ^]& 71.2 71.7 74.3 74.5 74.8
3'3 w;sfr®l wdh;kj, Od˙;dj
tall .Kk 625 688 745 1,409 1,558
ldur .Kk 6,632 7,373 7,959 10,702 11,535
we|ka .Kk ^wE& 13,176 14,450 15,598 20,211 21,570
4' fiajd kshqla;sh ^ixLHdj& ^wE&
4'1 Rcq fiajd kshqla;sh 67,862 112,550 129,790 135,930 146,115
l<ukdlrK 10,109 17,710 19,445 19,916 21,613
Ys,amSh" ,smslre iy wê fiajd 35,572 60,917 67,508 69,947 74,774
Y%ñlhka yd hka;% l%shdlrejka 22,181 33,923 42,837 46,067 49,728

4'2 jl% fiajd kshqla;s ixLHdj 95,007 157,600 170,100 183,506 189,544
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( YS% ,xld ixpdrl ixjr®Ok wêld˙h
^wd& .=jka iud.ï" ixpdrl ksfhda‚; wdh;k iy ixpdrl fiajd imhk wdh;k o we;=<;a fõ'
^we& ixfYdaê;
^wE& weia;fïka;=
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 83 jeks⁄ ixLHd igyk
ixpdrl jHdmdrfha m%dfoaYSh jHdma;sh ms<sn| o¾Yl lSmhla ^w&
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^wd&
ixpdrl m%foaYh kjd;eka ldur úfoaYSh kjd;eka ldur úfoaYSh kjd;eka ldur úfoaYSh kjd;eka ldur úfoaYSh kjd;eka ldur úfoaYSh
ixLHdj ixLHdj ixpdrlhska ixLHdj ixLHdj ixpdrlhska ixLHdj ixLHdj ixpdrlhska ixLHdj ixLHdj ixpdrlhska ixLHdj ixLHdj ixpdrlhska
.;l< .;l< .;l< .;l< .;l<
rd;%S .Kk rd;%S .Kk rd;%S .Kk rd;%S .Kk rd;%S .Kk
^oyia& ^oyia& ^oyia& ^oyia& ^oyia&

uqΩ¿ Èjhsk 269 15,510 5,039 279 16,223 5,793 310 18,078 7,786 354 19,377 8,945 382 22,336 10,595

fm!rd◊l k.r 59 2,901 875 62 3,115 1,159 71 3,493 1,391 78 3,601 1,495 82 3,990 1,821

fld<U k.rh 20 3,054 1,244 21 3,149 1,095 25 3,612 1,733 32 3,966 1,907 34 4,319 2,213

kef.kysr fjr<nv 10 296 81 14 588 156 19 802 307 22 895 340 25 1,121 427

uy fld<U 57 2,856 1,071 56 2,896 1,023 57 2,866 1,283 61 3,041 1,541 62 3,184 1,560

Wvrg 20 743 162 22 815 329 23 766 335 29 1,035 468 32 1,178 525

ol=Kq fjr<nv 103 5,660 1,606 102 5,639 2,024 111 6,488 2,721 128 6,787 3,174 142 8,437 4,024

W;=re m%foaYh - - - 2 21 7 4 51 15 4 52 20 5 107 25

^w& fY%a◊.; kjd;eka uQ,h( YS% ,xld ixpdrl ixjr®Ok wêld˙h

^wd& ;djld,sl
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 84 jeks⁄ ixLHd igyk
f.jqï ;=,kh - BPM6 ixialrKhg wkqj iïu; bÈßm;a lsÍu ^w&
t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk remsh,a ñ,shk
cx.u iy m%d.aOk .sKqu 2015 ^wd& 2016 ^we& 2015 ^wd& 2016 ^we&
ner yr Y=oaO ner yr Y=oaO ner yr Y=oaO ner yr Y=oaO
NdKav yd fiajd 16,943 23,006 -6,063 17,448 23,659 -6,211 2,301,065 3,125,931 -824,865 2,540,049 3,442,490 -902,442
NdKav ^wE& 10,546 18,935 -8,388 10,310 19,400 -9,090 1,431,431 2,572,467 -1,141,035 1,500,766 2,826,260 -1,325,495
fj<| NdKav 10,546 18,892 -8,346 10,310 19,026 -8,716 1,431,431 2,566,827 -1,135,396 1,500,766 2,771,644 -1,270,878
uQ,H fkdjk r;%ka - 42 -42 - 374 -374 - 5,639 -5,639 - 54,617 -54,617
fiajd 6,397 4,072 2,325 7,138 4,259 2,879 869,634 553,464 316,170 1,039,283 616,230 423,053
m%jdyk 2,105 1,579 526 2,250 1,618 632 286,017 214,792 71,225 327,581 235,601 91,980
uqyq≥ m%jdyk 997 762 234 1,059 779 281 135,425 103,848 31,577 154,243 113,461 40,781
keõ l=,S 997 762 234 1,059 779 281 135,425 103,848 31,577 154,243 113,461 40,781
.=jka m%jdyk 1,108 816 292 1,191 840 351 150,592 110,944 39,649 173,338 122,139 51,199
u.S .dia;= 997 732 266 1,073 753 320 135,545 99,405 36,140 156,200 109,533 46,667
.=jka l=,S 111 85 26 118 87 31 15,047 11,539 3,509 17,138 12,607 4,531
ixpdrl ^b& 2,981 1,420 1,561 3,518 1,542 1,977 405,492 192,982 212,510 512,373 224,451 287,922
b†ls¯ï 60 30 30 63 29 34 8,226 4,101 4,125 9,195 4,251 4,944
rlaIK iy úY%du jegqma fiajd 119 92 27 121 89 32 16,175 12,511 3,664 17,619 13,014 4,605
uQ,H fiajd 254 380 -126 252 403 -151 34,485 51,468 -16,983 36,633 58,593 -21,960
ú≥,s ikafoaY iy m˙.Kl fiajd 805 429 375 858 443 416 109,314 58,292 51,022 124,934 60,721 64,213
ú≥,s ikafoaY fiajd 128 102 26 134 105 29 17,436 13,894 3,543 19,561 11,629 7,931
m˙.Kl fiajd 677 327 349 724 337 387 91,877 44,398 47,479 105,373 49,092 56,281
fjk;a jHdmd˙l fiajd 42 63 -21 42 67 -25 5,747 8,578 -2,831 6,106 9,766 -3,660
rcfha NdKav yd fiajd úhoï
^fjk;a ;ekl i|yka fkdjk& 31 79 -48 33 68 -35 4,179 10,741 -6,563 4,843 9,835 -4,991

m%d:ñl wdodhï 127 2,140 -2,013 120 2,304 -2,184 17,253 291,994 -274,740 17,530 334,583 -317,053
fiajl jegqma 19 83 -63 16 67 -51 2,635 11,209 -8,574 2,291 9,692 -7,401
wdfhdack wd∞hï 108 2,058 -1,950 105 2,238 -2,133 14,618 280,785 -266,167 15,239 324,891 -309,652
Rcq wdfhdack 17 787 -771 12 953 -941 2,242 108,811 -106,569 1,810 139,267 -137,457
,dNdxY 17 435 -419 12 504 -491 2,242 60,271 -58,030 1,810 73,328 -71,518
m%;s-wdfhda‚; bmehqï - 352 -352 - 450 -450 - 48,540 -48,540 - 65,939 -65,939
úúO wdfhdack - 844 -844 - 831 -831 - 114,130 -114,130 - 119,720 -119,720
ysñlï - 80 -80 - 75 -75 - 10,879 -10,879 - 10,932 -10,932
fmd,S - 764 -764 - 756 -756 - 103,251 -103,251 - 108,788 -108,788
flá ld,Sk - 27 -27 - 1 -1 - 3,546 -3,546 - 158 -158
†.= ld,Sk - 737 -737 - 755 -755 - 99,704 -99,704 - 108,630 -108,630
wfkl=;a wdfhdack 25 426 -401 45 453 -408 3,431 57,844 -54,413 6,513 65,904 -59,391
ixÑ; j;alï 66 - 66 47 - 47 8,946 - 8,946 6,916 - 6,916

oaú;shsl wdodhï 7,007 814 6,193 7,260 807 6,453 952,568 110,486 842,082 1,057,281 117,498 939,782
rch ^B& 27 - 27 19 - 19 3,610 - 3,610 2,792 - 2,792
fiajd kshqla;slhskaf.a fm%aIK 6,980 814 6,167 7,242 807 6,434 948,957 110,486 838,471 1,054,489 117,498 936,990

cx.u .sKqu 24,078 25,960 -1,883 24,829 26,771 -1,942 3,270,886 3,528,410 -257,524 3,614,860 3,894,571 -279,712

m%d.aOk .sKqu 71 24 46 46 21 26 9,562 3,306 6,256 6,795 3,013 3,782

m%d.aOk ixl%du 71 24 46 46 21 26 9,562 3,306 6,256 6,795 3,013 3,782
rch ^W& 50 - 50 35 - 35 6,705 - 6,705 5,185 - 5,185
fm!oa.,sl m%d.aOk ixl%du 21 24 -3 11 21 -10 2,857 3,306 -449 1,610 3,013 -1,403

cx.u iy m%d.aOk .sKqu 24,148 25,985 -1,836 24,875 26,792 -1,917 3,280,448 3,531,716 -251,268 3,621,654 3,897,585 -275,930
^w& by; b†˙m;a ls¯u yels;dla ≥rg cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,a f.jqï ;=,k w;afmdf;ys ^BPM& 6 jk ixialrKhg wkqj b†˙m;a lr we;' ^iïnkaOhs&
^wd& ixfYdaê;
^we& ;djld,sl
^wE& wmkhk ke'ú'i w.h wkqj;a wdkhk ñ'r'.e' w.h wkqj;a jdr®;dlr we;'
^b& wfkajdislhkag iemhQ u.S fiajdjka" m%jdyk fiajdjkays we;=<;a fõ'
^B& úúO fhdackd l%u" wdydr yd fj<| øjH" uQ,H yd ;dlaI◊l wdOdr jYfhka ,enqKq m%odk we;=<;a fõ'
^W& jHdmD;s wdOdr f,i ,enqKq m%∞k we;=<;a fõ'
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 84 jeks ixLHd igyk ^iïnkaOhs&

f.jqï ;=,kh - BPM6 ixialrKhg wkqj iïu; bÈßm;a lsÍu ^w&

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk remsh,a ñ,shk
2015 ^wd& 2016 ^we& 2015 ^wd& 2016 ^we&
uQ,H .sKqu
uQ,H j;alïys uQ,H j.lSïys uQ,H j;alïys uQ,H j.lSïys uQ,H j;alïys uQ,H j.lSïys uQ,H j;alïys uQ,H j.lSïys
Y=oaO w;alr .ekSï Y=oaO fjkiaùï Y=oaO w;alr .ekSï Y=oaO fjkiaùï Y=oaO w;alr .ekSï Y=oaO fjkiaùï Y=oaO w;alr .ekSï Y=oaO fjkiaùï
uQ,H .sKqu 911 3,223 82 2,199 121,053 467,252 14,564 322,357
Rcq wdfhdack 53 680 237 898 7,199 93,528 34,476 131,992
ysñlï iy wdfhdack wruqo,a fldgia 53 439 235 709 7,199 60,295 34,162 104,348
m%;s-wdfhda‚; bmehqï yer ysñlï 53 87 235 260 7,199 11,755 34,162 38,409
Rcq wdfhdaclhska úiska Rcq 53 87 235 260 7,199 11,755 34,162 38,409
wdfhdack jHdmdrhkays ^W!&
m%;s-wdfhda‚; bmehqï - 352 - 450 - 48,540 - 65,939
Kh WmlrK - 241 2 189 - 33,233 313 27,644
Rcq wdfhdaclhska úiska Rcq - 241 2 189 - 33,233 313 27,644
wdfhdack jHdmdrhkays ^W!&
úúO wdfhdack ... 686 ... 993 3 101,935 -1 144,688
ysñlï iy wdfhdack wruqo,a fldgia - -60 - 24 - -8,185 - 3,684
Kh iq/l=ïm;a ... 747 ... 969 3 110,121 -1 141,005
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k ... - ... - 3 - -1 -
†.= ld,Sk ... - ... - 3 - -1 -
rch - 747 - 969 - 110,121 - 141,005
flá ld,Sk ^NdKavd.dr ì,am;a& - -392 - 36 - -52,317 - 5,304
†.= ld,Sk - 1,139 - 932 - 162,438 - 135,701
NdKavd.dr ne`≥ïlr - -701 - -361 - -96,697 - -52,406
Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne`≥ïlr - 190 - -207 - 25,265 - -30,004
iaffj¯;aj ne`≥ïlr - 1,650 - 1,500 - 233,870 - 218,110
uQ,H jHq;amkak - - - - - - - -
wfkl=;a wdfhdack 503 1,857 317 308 70,962 271,788 45,682 45,677
uqo,a iy ;ekam;= 143 1,457 5 -609 21,127 209,324 538 -87,671
uy nexl=j - 1,098 - -701 - 158,274 - -101,915
flá ld,Sk - -2 - -1 - -194 - -216
†.= ld,Sk - 1,100 - -700 - 158,469 - -101,699
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k 143 359 5 92 21,127 51,050 538 14,244
flá ld,Sk 152 359 -4 92 21,475 51,050 -853 14,244
†.= ld,Sk -9 - 9 - -348 - 1,391 -
Kh - 759 - 753 - 105,244 - 108,636
uy nexl=j - -507 - -123 - -68,775 - -17,234
cd'uQ' wruqof,ka ,o Kh - -507 - -123 - -68,775 - -17,234
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k - 787 - -507 - 107,301 - -75,495
flá ld,Sk - 657 - -608 - 89,690 - -89,373
†.= ld,Sk - 131 - 100 - 17,611 - 13,878
rch - 470 - 1,287 - 66,126 - 188,365
†.= ld,Sk - 470 - 1,287 - 66,126 - 188,365
wfkl=;a wxY ^t& - 9 - 96 - 592 - 13,000
†.= ld,Sk - 9 - 96 - 592 - 13,000
fj<| Kh iy w;a;sldrï 116 -401 -67 109 15,807 -54,437 -9,678 16,120
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k -30 - -3 - -4,055 - -428 -
flá ld,Sk -30 - -3 - -4,055 - -428 -
wfkl=;a wxY ^tA& 146 -401 -64 109 19,862 -54,437 -9,250 16,120
flá ld,Sk 146 -401 -64 109 19,862 -54,437 -9,250 16,120
wfkl=;a ,eìh hq;=$f.úh hq;= .sKqï 244 41 379 55 34,028 11,657 54,821 8,592
uy nexl=j - 41 - 55 - 11,657 - 8,592
flá ld,Sk ^T& - 41 - 55 - 11,657 - 8,592
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k 244 - 379 - 34,028 - 54,821 -
flá ld,Sk 244 - 379 - 34,028 - 54,821 -
úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï - - - -
ixÑ; j;alï 354 -472 42,890 -65,593
uQ,H r;%ka -39 - -5,156 -
úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï -2 -5 -302 -685
cd'uQ' wruqof,a ixÑ; uÜgu - - - -
wfkl=;a ixÑ; j;alï 395 -467 48,348 -64,907
uqo,a iy ;ekam;= 116 -1,267 12,566 -183,495
uQ,H wêld¯kays mj;akd 369 -1,365 237,633 -199,022
wfkl=;a wdh;khkays mj;akd -253 98 -225,068 15,527
iq/l=ïm;a 279 800 35,755 118,582
Kh iq/l=ïm;a 279 800 35,755 118,582
†.= ld,Sk 279 800 35,755 118,582
uQ,H .sKqu ^Y=oaO& ^j;alï - j.lSï& -2,312 -2,117 -346,198 -307,793
jer§ï iy w;ayeÍï -476 -201 -94,930 -31,862
^W!& wdfhdack uKav,h" fld<U fldgia fj<|fmd< iy wfkl=;a fm!oa.,sl iud.ï fj; ,enqKq Rcq wdfhdack we;=<;a fõ' uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^t& rch i;= jHdmd˙l ixia:d iy fm!oa.,sl wxYfha iud.ï we;=<;a fõ'
^tA& ,xld Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj iy fm!oa.,sl wxYfha iud.ï we;=<;a fõ'
^T& wdishdkq ksIaldYk ix.ufha j.lSïys Y=oaO .kqfokq we;=<;a fõ'
 úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 85 jeks ixLHd igyk
wka;¾cd;sl wdfhdack ;;a;ajh - BPM6 ixialrKhg wkqj iïu; bÈßm;a lsÍu
ld,m˙Éf√oh wjidkfha ;;a;ajh
t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk remsh,a ñ,shk
uQ,H .sKqu 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd& 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
j;alï j.lSï j;alï j.lSï j;alï j.lSï j;alï j.lSï
Rcq wdfhdack ^we& 817 10,022 1,136 9,745 117,639 1,443,722 170,203 1,459,737
ysñlï iy wdfhdack wruqo,a fldgia 814 7,408 1,131 6,943 117,207 1,067,268 169,431 1,040,025
Kh iq/l=ïm;a 3 2,613 5 2,802 432 376,455 772 419,712
úúO wdfhdack 0.1 12,331 0.1 13,772 16 1,776,471 16 2,063,039
ysñlï iy wdfhdack wruqo,a fldgia - 1,492 - 1,507 - 215,008 - 225,788
wfkl=;a wxY - 1,492 - 1,507 - 215,008 - 225,788
Kh iq/l=ïm;a ^wE& 0.1 10,839 0.1 12,265 16 1,561,463 16 1,837,251
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k 0.1 2,140 0.1 2,190 16 308,297 16 328,004
†.= ld,Sk 0.1 2,140 0.1 2,190 16 308,297 16 328,004
rch - 8,534 - 9,903 - 1,229,470 - 1,483,453
flá ld,Sk - 33 - 80 - 4,813 - 11,943
†.= ld,Sk - 8,501 - 9,823 - 1,224,656 - 1,471,510
wfkl=;a wxY - 164 - 172 - 23,696 - 25,794
†.= ld,Sk - 164 - 172 - 23,696 - 25,794
uQ,H jHq;amkak - - - - - - - -

wfkl=;a wdfhdack 2,614 31,387 2,931 31,519 376,573 4,521,749 439,072 4,721,574
uqo,a iy ;ekam;= 701 3,051 706 2,442 100,988 439,502 105,732 365,748
uy nexl=j - 1,105 - 403 - 159,117 - 60,372
flá ld,Sk - 5 - 3 - 648 - 452
†.= ld,Sk - 1,100 - 400 - 158,469 - 59,920
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k 701 1,946 706 2,039 100,988 280,385 105,732 305,376
flá ld,Sk 539 1,946 535 2,039 77,662 280,385 80,091 305,376
†.= ld,Sk 162 - 171 - 23,326 - 25,641 -
Kh - 25,936 - 26,530 - 3,736,391 - 3,974,137
uy nexl=j - 692 - 554 - 99,721 - 82,977
cd'uQ' wruqof,ka ,o Kh - 692 - 554 - 99,721 - 82,977
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k - 5,070 - 4,562 - 730,332 - 683,429
flá ld,Sk - 3,816 - 3,209 - 549,768 - 480,638
†.= ld,Sk - 1,253 - 1,354 - 180,563 - 202,791
rch - 16,147 - 17,295 - 2,326,106 - 2,590,717
†.= ld,Sk - 16,147 - 17,295 - 2,326,106 - 2,590,717
wfkl=;a wxY ^b& - 4,028 - 4,119 - 580,233 - 617,015
†.= ld,Sk - 4,028 - 4,119 - 580,233 - 617,015

fj<| Kh iy w;a;sldrï 677 1,375 610 1,483 97,464 198,022 91,358 222,187
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k 96 - 93 - 13,791 - 13,871 -
flá ld,Sk 96 - 93 - 13,791 - 13,871 -
wfkl=;a wxY ^B& 581 1,375 517 1,483 83,673 198,022 77,487 222,187
flá ld,Sk 581 1,375 517 1,483 83,673 198,022 77,487 222,187
wfkl=;a ,eìh hq;=$f.úh hq;= .sKqï 1,236 478 1,615 533 178,121 68,887 241,982 79,864
uy nexl=j ^W& - 478 - 533 - 68,887 - 79,864
flá ld,Sk - 478 - 533 - 68,887 - 79,864
;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k 1,236 - 1,615 - 178,121 - 241,982 -
flá ld,Sk 1,236 - 1,615 - 178,121 - 241,982 -

úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï 548 532 78,946 79,638

ixÑ; j;alï 7,304 6,019 1,052,179 901,656
uQ,H r;%ka 760 830 109,517 124,406
úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï 7 2 971 304
cd'uQ' wruqof,a ixÑ; uÜgu 66 64 9,553 9,637
wfkl=;a ixÑ; j;alï 6,470 5,122 932,138 767,309
uqo,a iy ;ekam;= 3,911 2,644 563,483 396,066
uQ,H wêld¯kays mj;akd 2,167 802 312,158 120,096
wfkl=;a wdh;khkays mj;akd 1,745 1,842 251,325 275,970
iq/l=ïm;a 2,559 2,478 368,655 371,243
Kh iq/l=ïm;a 2,559 2,478 368,655 371,243
uqΩ¿ j;alï$j.lSï 10,734 53,740 10,086 55,036 1,546,407 7,741,942 1,510,947 8,244,350
Y=oaO wka;¾cd;sl wdfhdack ;;a;ajh
-43,006 -44,949 -6,195,535 -6,733,403
^j;alï-j.lSï&
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& wdfhdack uKav,h" fld<U fldgia fj<|fmd< iy wfkl=;a fm!oa.,sl iud.ï fj; ,enqKq Rcq wdfhdackhkays ;;a;ajh we;=<;a fõ'
^wE& úfoaYSh uqo,a Kh iq/l=ïm;a ksl=;= fj<`ofmd< w.h u; mokï jk w;r" foaYSh uqo,a Kh iq/l=ïm;a ksl=;= fmd;a w.h u; o" Y%S ,xld
ixjr®Ok ne`≥ïlr uqyqK;a jákdlu u;o mokï fõ'
^b& rch i;= jHdmd˙l ixia:d iy fm!oa.,sl iud.ï ,nd.;a Kh uqo,ays fkdmshjd we;s Kh uÜgu we;=<;a fõ'
^B& ,xld Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dfõ iy wfkl=;a fm!oa.,sl iud.ïj, fkdmshjQ fj<| Kh we;=<;a fõ'
^W& uy nexl=j úiska l<ukdlrKh lrkq ,nk wdishdkq ksIaldYk ix.ufha fkdmshjQ j.lSï m%udKh we;=<;a fõ'
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 86 jeks ixLHd igyk

fiajd iy wdodhï ^w&

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk remsh,a ñ,shk
YSr®Ih
2012 2013 2014 2015 ^wd& 2016 ^we& 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^wd& 2016 ^we&

1' m%jdyk fiajd 462 402 462 526 632 58,776 51,709 60,232 71,225 91,980
,eîï 1,634 1,784 1,923 2,105 2,250 208,620 230,275 251,086 286,017 327,581
f.ùï 1,172 1,382 1,462 1,579 1,618 149,844 178,566 190,854 214,792 235,601

2' ixpdrl 328 527 1,169 1,561 1,977 41,755 68,299 152,628 212,510 287,922
,eîï 1,039 1,715 2,431 2,981 3,518 132,427 221,720 317,479 405,492 512,373
f.ùï 710 1,188 1,263 1,420 1,542 90,671 153,422 164,851 192,982 224,451

3' úÿ,s ikafoaY" mß.Kl iy f;dr;=re fiajd 466 351 350 375 416 59,488 45,358 45,668 51,022 64,213
,eîï 673 719 748 805 858 85,909 92,792 97,652 109,314 124,934
f.ùï 207 368 398 429 443 26,421 47,434 51,984 58,292 60,721

4' bÈlsÍï fiajd 41 29 29 30 34 5,213 3,765 3,832 4,125 4,944

,eîï 50 55 58 60 63 6,312 7,120 7,589 8,226 9,195
f.ùï 9 26 29 30 29 1,099 3,355 3,757 4,101 4,251

5' rlaIK fiajd 43 24 26 27 32 5,448 3,064 3,347 3,664 4,605

,eîï 107 109 115 119 121 13,661 14,089 15,035 16,175 17,619
f.ùï 64 85 90 92 89 8,213 11,025 11,689 12,511 13,014

6' uQ,H fiajd -46 -93 -94 -126 -151 -5,843 -11,897 -12,249 -16,983 -21,960
,eîï 232 235 256 254 252 29,656 30,371 33,387 34,485 36,633
f.ùï 279 328 350 380 403 35,500 42,268 45,636 51,468 58,593

7' fjk;a jHdmdßl fiajd -8 -15 -16 -21 -25 -974 -1,983 -2,041 -2,831 -3,660
,eîï 39 39 43 42 42 4,943 5,062 5,564 5,747 6,106
f.ùï 46 55 58 63 67 5,917 7,045 7,606 8,578 9,766

8' rcfha úhoï ^fjk;a ;ekl i|yka fkdjk& -24 -45 -45 -48 -35 -3,108 -5,795 -5,920 -6,563 -4,991
,eîï 27 28 31 31 33 3,408 3,674 4,071 4,179 4,843
f.ùï 51 73 77 79 68 6,516 9,468 9,991 10,741 9,835
uq¿ fiajd 1,262 1,180 1,880 2,325 2,879 160,755 152,521 245,496 316,170 423,053
,eîï 3,800 4,685 5,605 6,397 7,138 484,936 605,104 731,863 869,634 1,039,283
f.ùï 2,538 3,505 3,725 4,072 4,259 324,181 452,583 486,367 553,464 616,230

1' fiajl jegqma -20 -51 -50 -63 -51 -2,500 -6,561 -6,505 -8,574 -7,401
,eîï 14 15 19 19 16 1,807 1,959 2,417 2,635 2,291
f.ùï 34 66 68 83 67 4,308 8,520 8,922 11,209 9,692
2' wdfhdack wdodhï -1,199 -1,701 -1,758 -1,950 -2,133 -152,389 -219,525 -229,567 -266,167 -309,652
,eîï 128 117 137 108 105 16,330 15,045 17,846 14,618 15,239
f.ùï 1,327 1,817 1,895 2,058 2,238 168,719 234,570 247,413 280,785 324,891
uq¿ m%d:ñl wdodhï -1,219 -1,751 -1,808 -2,013 -2,184 -154,889 -226,086 -236,073 -274,740 -317,053
,eîï 142 132 155 127 120 18,137 17,003 20,263 17,253 17,530
f.ùï 1,361 1,883 1,963 2,140 2,304 173,027 243,090 256,336 291,994 334,583

1' fm!oa.,sl ixl%du 5,339 5,619 6,199 6,167 6,434 681,714 725,960 809,437 838,471 936,990
,eîï ^úfoaY fiajd kshqla;slhskaf.a fm%aIK& 5,985 6,407 7,018 6,980 7,242 763,980 827,689 916,344 948,957 1,054,489
f.ùï 646 788 819 814 807 82,266 101,728 106,906 110,486 117,498

2' rch 53 21 28 27 19 6,899 2,718 3,691 3,610 2,792

,eîï 53 21 28 27 19 6,899 2,718 3,691 3,610 2,792
f.ùï - - - - - - - - - -

uqΩ¿ oaú;Shsl wdodhï 5,392 5,639 6,227 6,193 6,453 688,613 728,678 813,128 842,082 939,782
,eîï 6,038 6,428 7,046 7,007 7,260 770,879 830,407 920,035 952,568 1,057,281
f.ùï 646 788 819 814 807 82,266 101,728 106,906 110,486 117,498
^w& cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,a f.jqï ;=,k w;afmdf;ys ^BPM& 6 jk ixialrKhg wkqj b†˙m;a lr we;' uQ,hka( YS% ,xld ixpdrl ixjr®Ok wêld˙h
^wd& ixfYdaê; YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^we& ;djld,sl
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 87 jeks ixLHd igyk
úfoaY fiajd kshqla;slhskaf.a fm%aIK
t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk remsh,a ñ,shk m%;sY;hla jYfhka
m%Njh
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w& 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w& 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w&

1' ueo fmr†. 3,358 3,562 3,902 3,769 3,889 428,593 460,195 509,487 512,437 566,260 56.1 55.6 55.6 54.0 53.7

2' hqfrdamd ix.uh 1,071 1,160 1,270 1,222 1,282 136,752 149,812 165,858 166,068 186,645 17.9 18.1 18.1 17.5 17.7

3' wE; fmr†. wdishdj 509 557 611 698 739 64,938 72,009 79,722 94,896 107,558 8.5 8.7 8.7 10.0 10.2

4' wfkl=;a hqfrdamd rgj,a 275 308 337 307 333 35,143 39,729 43,984 41,754 48,506 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.4 4.6

5' W;=re wefu˙ldj 174 186 204 209 210 22,155 24,003 26,574 28,469 30,580 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9

6' .s◊fldK †. wdishdj 263 288 316 391 398 33,615 37,246 41,235 53,142 57,997 4.4 4.5 4.5 5.6 5.5

7' ´iafÜ%,shdj iy kjiS,ka;h 132 147 161 161 174 16,808 19,037 21,076 21,826 25,308 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4

8' ol=Kq wdishdj 90 83 91 98 109 11,460 10,760 11,912 13,285 15,817 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5

9' ol=Kq yd uOHu wefu˙ldj 48 58 63 63 51 6,112 7,449 8,247 8,541 7,381 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7

10' wfkl=;a 66 58 63 63 58 8,404 7,449 8,247 8,541 8,436 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8

tl;=j 5,985 6,407 7,018 6,980 7,242 763,980 827,689 916,344 948,957 1,054,489 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j


úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 88 jeks ixLHd igyk
fkdmshjd b;sßj we;s úfoaYSh Kh
ld,m˙Éf√oh wjidkfha ;;a;ajh
t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk remsh,a ñ,shk
YSr®Ih
2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd& 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&
1' rch 24,132 24,681 27,197 3,162,474 3,555,576 4,022,286
flá ld,Sk 399 33 80 52,260 4,813 11,943
Kh iq/l=ïm;a 399 33 80 52,260 4,813 11,943
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ^we& 399 33 80 52,260 4,813 11,943
È.= ld,Sk 23,733 24,647 27,118 3,110,214 3,550,762 4,010,343
Kh iq/l=ïm;a 7,959 8,501 9,823 1,043,006 1,224,656 1,471,510
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr ^we& 2,597 1,811 1,440 340,314 260,836 215,644
Y%S ,xld ixjr®Ok ne`≥ïlr ^wE& 75 265 58 9,842 38,191 8,712
cd;Hka;r iaffj˙;aj ne`≥ïlr ^b& 5,287 6,425 8,325 692,850 925,629 1,247,154
Kh 15,774 16,147 17,295 2,067,208 2,326,106 2,538,833
2' uy nexl=j 2,264 2,823 2,022 296,677 406,671 301,650
flá ld,Sk 443 483 536 58,073 69,536 80,315
uqo,a iy ;ekam;= 6 5 3 843 648 452
wfkl=;a f.úh hq;= .sKqï 437 478 533 57,230 68,887 79,864
wdishdkq ksIaldYk ix.ufha j.lSï 437 478 533 57,230 68,887 79,864
È.= ld,Sk 1,821 2,340 1,486 238,604 337,135 221,335
úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï fjka ls¯ï 573 548 532 75,084 78,946 79,638
uqo,a iy ;ekam;= - 1,100 400 - 158,469 58,720
Kh 1,248 692 554 163,520 99,721 82,977
cd'uQ' wruqof,a Kh 1,248 692 554 163,520 99,721 82,977
iómia: Kh myiqlu 1,248 692 232 163,520 99,721 34,688
úia;Sr®K Kh myiqlu - - 322 - - 48,289
3' uy nexl=j yer ;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wfkl=;a wdh;k 8,133 9,156 8,790 1,065,772 1,319,013 1,315,796
flá ld,Sk 4,747 5,762 5,247 622,035 830,153 862,694
uqo,a iy ;ekam;= ^B& 1,587 1,946 2,039 208,021 280,385 310,561
jd◊c nexl= 1,587 1,946 2,039 208,021 280,385 310,561
Kh 3,159 3,816 3,209 414,014 549,768 552,133
jdKsc nexl= 3,159 3,816 3,209 414,014 549,768 552,133
È.= ld,Sk 3,386 3,393 3,543 443,737 488,860 453,102
Kh iq/l=ïm;a ^b& 2,263 2,140 2,190 296,590 308,297 325,994
jd◊c nexl= 1,037 1,112 1,128 135,862 160,216 167,925
wfkl=;a ;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k 1,226 1,028 1,062 160,728 148,081 158,069
Kh 1,123 1,253 1,354 147,146 180,563 127,108
jd◊c nexl= 1,064 1,240 1,339 139,439 178,645 124,965
wfkl=;a ;ekam;= Ndr.kakd wdh;k 59 13 14 7,707 1,919 2,143
4' wfkl=;a wxY ^W& 5,841 5,567 5,774 765,517 801,951 864,996
flá ld,Sk 1,674 1,375 1,483 219,427 198,022 222,187
fj<| Kh iy w;a;sldrï ^W!& 1,674 1,375 1,483 219,427 198,022 222,187
È.= ld,Sk 4,167 4,192 4,291 546,090 603,929 642,809
Kh iq/l=ïm;a ^b& 174 164 172 22,806 23,696 25,794
Kh 3,993 4,028 4,119 523,284 580,233 617,015
fm!oa.,sl wxYh 1,363 1,604 1,876 178,673 231,138 281,100
rch i;= jHdmd˙l ixia:d iy rdcH wdh;k 2,630 2,423 2,242 344,611 349,094 335,915

5' Rcq wdfhdack( wka;¾ iud.ï Kh ^t& 2,544 2,613 2,802 333,389 376,455 419,712

fkdmsh jQ uq¿ úfoaYSh Kh 42,914 44,839 46,586 5,623,829 6,459,666 6,924,441

^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
^we& fmd;a w.h u; mokïj we;'
^wE& uqyK
q ; jákdlu u; mokïj we;'
^b& fj<|fmd< ñ, u; mokïj we;'
^B& wfkajdisl úfoaY uqo,a ysñhkaf.a ;ekam;= we;=<;a fõ'
^W& fm!oa.,sl wxYh iy rch i;= jd◊c jHjidhhka we;=<;a fõ'
^W!& ,xld Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dfõ iy fm!oa.,sl wxYfha iud.ïj, fkdmshjd we;s fj<| Kh we;=<;a fõ'
^t& Rcq wdfhdack jHdmdrhkays wka;r® iud.ï Kh iy fldgia ysñhkaf.a w;a;l
s drï we;=<;a fõ'
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 89 jeks ixLHd igyk

ld,mßÉfþoh wjidkfha § úksuh wkqmd;sl

úfoaY uqo,a tAllhl jákdlu YS% ,xld remsh,aj,ska
rg uqo,a jr®.h 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
1' ´iafÜ%,shdj fvd,rh 132.2409 116.6709 107.6433 105.1007 108.4252
2' nx.,dfoaYh gld 1.5929 1.6887 1.6824 1.8421 1.8961

3' lekvdj fvd,rh 127.8255 122.7324 113.1192 103.8886 111.1688

4' uyck Ök iuQydKavqj hq wdka 20.4163 21.5700 21.1401 22.1854 21.5682

5' fvkaudr®lh fl%dakr® 22.5353 24.1878 21.4034 21.0901 21.2392

6' hqfrdamd ix.uh hqfrda 168.1257 180.4522 159.4206 157.3737 157.8742

7' fydxfldx fvd,rh 16.4048 16.8621 16.8938 18.5869 19.3156

8' bka†hdj remsh, 2.3262 2.1116 2.0675 2.1677 2.2056

9' bka≥kSishdj remshd 0.0132 0.0107 0.0105 0.0104 0.0111

10' cmdkh fhka 1.4799 1.2459 1.0979 1.1960 1.2867

11' flkahdj Is,sx 1.4786 1.5151 1.4457 1.4069 1.4615

12' fld˙hdj fjdka 0.1191 0.1239 0.1200 0.1224 0.1243

13' l=fjÜ äkdr® 452.1594 463.0064 447.8610 474.4822 489.3026

14' uef,aishdj ˙x.sÜ 41.5694 39.7728 37.5229 33.5185 33.4039

15' kjiS,ka;h fvd,rh 104.8059 107.4986 102.8273 98.6251 104.3507

16' fkdar®fõ fl%dakr® 22.7854 21.5090 17.6611 16.3794 17.3828

17' mdlsia:dkh remsh, 1.3076 1.2376 1.2975 1.3733 1.4297

18' ms,smSkh fmfida 3.0954 2.9449 2.9272 3.0710 3.0260

19' fi!† wrdìh ˙hd,a 33.9050 34.8633 34.9225 38.3910 39.9344

20' isx.mamQrej fvd,rh 104.0128 103.2559 99.2529 101.8396 103.6714

21' ol=Kq wm%sldj ?kaâ 15.0071 12.5411 11.3355 9.2659 11.0391

22' iaùvkh fl%dakr® 19.5649 20.3605 16.9281 17.1204 16.4909

23' iaúÜir®,ka;h µ%Ekala 139.2780 147.2941 132.5866 145.7088 146.9060

24' ;dhsjdkh fvd,rh 4.3796 4.3891 4.1406 4.3821 4.6521

25' ;dhs,ka;h nd;a 4.1556 3.9791 3.9851 3.9918 4.1832

26' tlai;a wrdì tór® rdcHh ärdï 34.6204 35.5984 35.6779 39.2305 40.7852

27' tlai;a rdcOdksh iagr®,ska mjqu 205.4728 215.5790 204.0427 213.5724 184.0443
28' wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh fvd,rh 127.1608 130.7530 131.0486 144.0623 149.8000
uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 90 jeks ixLHd igyk

m%Odk jHjydr uqo,aj, idudkH úksuh wkqmd;sl" kdñl iM, úksuh wkqmd;sl ^kd'i'ú'w'&
iy uQ¾; iM, úksuh wkqmd;slj, ^uQ'i'ú'w'& udisl o¾Yl w.hka

úfoaY uqo,a tallhl jákdlu YS% ,xld remsh,aj,ska udisl or®Ylh ^idudkHh&
ld,m˙Éf√oh tlai;a kd'i'ú'w uQ'i'ú'w'
bka†hdkq cmka ì%;dkH
ckmo hQfrda ú'.e'ys' ^w& ^wd&^we& ^wd&^wE&^b&
remsh, fhka mjqu
fvd,rh (2010=100) (2010=100)
2012 2.3932 1.5992 202.2791 127.6034 164.0061 195.3769 90.44 95.63
2013 2.2114 1.3245 202.0761 129.1099 171.5069 196.1946 91.39 101.13
2014 2.1412 1.2359 215.1580 130.5606 173.4696 198.3513 91.99 103.77
2015 2.1176 1.1227 207.9902 135.9378 150.8383 190.1633 96.61 109.50
2016 2.1663 1.3442 197.1510 145.6016 161.1577 202.3873 92.46 106.94

2014 m<uq ldr®;=j 2.1166 1.2710 216.3746 130.7196 179.1883 201.4479 91.19 103.31
fojk ldr®;=j 2.1830 1.2769 219.5991 130.4519 178.8799 201.5976 90.48 102.16
f;jk ldr®;=j 2.1516 1.2537 217.6726 130.2299 172.7955 198.3368 91.62 104.10
isõjk ldr®;=j 2.1145 1.1442 207.1202 130.8570 163.5013 192.2848 94.67 105.52

2015 m<uq ldr®;=j 2.1262 1.1103 200.6213 132.3989 148.9475 186.0458 97.67 111.33
fojk ldr®;=j 2.1031 1.0996 204.9512 133.4459 147.7712 186.6432 97.30 109.55
f;jk ldr®;=j 2.0855 1.1090 209.9662 135.4817 150.6216 189.8040 97.36 110.10
isõjk ldr®;=j 2.1567 1.1706 215.7746 142.1257 155.7956 197.7866 94.10 107.02

2016 m<uq ldr®;=j 2.1323 1.2486 206.1207 143.9429 158.7061 200.1338 93.80 107.39
fojk ldr®;=j 2.1668 1.3439 208.0738 144.9908 163.7342 204.3136 91.53 105.76
f;jk ldr®;=j 2.1749 1.4225 191.3711 145.6008 162.4952 203.3130 91.91 106.90
isõjk ldr®;=j 2.1901 1.3586 183.5117 147.8076 159.6573 201.7467 92.60 107.69

2015 ckjd˙ 2.1158 1.1106 199.5850 131.5508 152.8360 187.0546 97.37 112.67
fmnrjd˙ 2.1375 1.1181 203.6902 132.7293 150.7614 187.4411 97.15 110.34
udr®;= 2.1264 1.1037 199.0744 132.8990 143.9609 184.0035 98.48 110.98
wfm%a,a 2.1198 1.1126 199.1076 132.8993 143.7708 184.0732 98.06 110.34
uehs 2.0934 1.1055 206.7718 133.4960 148.9512 187.5279 96.84 108.71
cqks 2.0967 1.0826 208.5912 133.8952 150.3230 188.1680 96.99 109.62
cQ,s 2.1013 1.0849 208.0366 133.6860 146.8058 186.6852 97.83 111.04
wf.daia;= 2.0594 1.0865 208.7735 133.8829 149.0839 187.7629 98.71 111.56
iema;eïnr® 2.0955 1.1561 213.1960 138.8769 156.1095 195.0283 95.54 107.69
Tlaf;danr® 2.1655 1.1736 215.9283 140.8945 158.3717 198.2019 93.82 105.60
fkdjeïnr® 2.1501 1.1597 216.2293 142.0248 152.7117 196.2767 94.69 107.89
foieïnr® 2.1540 1.1775 215.2096 143.4483 156.0095 198.7372 93.79 107.58

2016 ckjd˙ 2.1401 1.2175 207.6923 143.9403 156.3667 198.9429 94.47 108.84
fmnrjd˙ 2.1090 1.2540 205.9210 143.9284 159.8129 200.6292 93.92 107.68
udr®;= 2.1467 1.2745 204.7388 143.9594 159.9941 200.8542 93.02 105.64
wfm%a,a 2.1644 1.3107 205.9119 143.9001 163.2303 202.7820 91.94 105.01
uehs 2.1759 1.3377 211.6412 145.6502 164.7290 205.4662 91.05 105.14
cqks 2.1604 1.3767 206.5997 145.2836 163.2421 204.5189 91.60 107.14
cQ,s 2.1636 1.3972 191.4887 145.4070 160.8490 202.1911 92.34 108.77
wf.daia;= 2.1762 1.4366 190.9584 145.6010 163.1132 203.7215 91.77 106.30
iema;eïnr® 2.1843 1.4310 191.7134 145.7849 163.3794 203.9295 91.62 105.64
Tlaf;danr® 2.1916 1.4160 181.4898 146.8723 162.0365 202.7696 92.06 105.86
fkdjeïnr® 2.1861 1.3690 183.5349 147.7710 159.7394 201.8559 92.70 107.87
foieïnr® 2.1929 1.2836 185.7207 148.8820 156.9371 200.4954 93.05 109.34
^w& cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,a .sKqï tallh jk úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï ^ú'.e'ys'& uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& úksuh wkqmd;sl" or®Ylhka wkqj wr®: olajd we;s w;r" tA wkqj wfkl=;a jHjydr uqo,aj,g idfmalaIj remshf,ys w.h jeäùu fyda
wvqùu iM, úksuh wkqmd;sl or®Ylhkays w.h by<hdu fyda my<hdu u.ska ms<sfj<ska ms<sìUq flfr®'
^we& kd'i'ú'w' hkq fj<| yjq,alrejka iy ;r.lrejkaf.ka iukaú; rgj,a 24 ys kdñl úksuh wkqmd;slhkaf.a nr ;nk ,o
idudkHhhs' nr m%udKh meig we;=<;a tla tla rg iu. is≥ lrk fj<πfuys jeo.;alu u; mokï fõ'
^wE& uQ'i'ú'w' .Kkh lrkqfha meig we;=<;a uqo,a jr®. wh;a rgj, WoaOuk fjki ^fld'md'ñ'o' u; mokïj& kd'i'ú' wkqmd;slhg
.e,mSu u.sks' 2016 jifr® uQ'i'ú'w' or®Yl w.hka ;djld,sl fõ'
^b& fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylfha mokï jr®Ih 2013 g hdj;ald,Sk ùu iu. uQ'i'ú'w' kej; .Kkh lr we;'
úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 91 jeks ixLHd igyk

wka;¾ nexl= bÈß úksuh fj<|fmd< .kqfokq

jdr®Isl b†˙ úksuh
jdr®Isl fmd,SS wkqmd;sl
b†˙ úksuh m˙udj fj<|fmd< wêñ,
fjki ^t;eka úksuh
^t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk& ^t;eka úksuh wkqmd;slfha
ld,m˙Éf√oh wkqmd;slfha m%;sY;hla f,i&
m%;sY;hla f,i& ^w&

udihg wvq udi 1 udi 2 udi 3 udi 3 g jeä tl;=j udi 1 ^]& udi 3 ^]& udi 1 ^]& udi 3 ^]&
2012 1,381.04 654.99 283.84 748.29 1,021.20 4,089.36 9.52 9.12 10.28 10.27
2013 2,878.23 857.61 231.40 485.07 920.91 5,373.22 8.14 7.78 8.61 8.61
2014 3,487.87 1,241.08 241.59 562.75 1,154.16 6,687.45 4.52 4.05 5.74 5.73
2015 2,802.98 1,636.14 450.13 687.29 1,136.10 6,712.64 5.93 5.32 5.92 5.92
2016 ^wd& 5,064.94 1,763.23 266.69 496.40 1,117.25 8,708.51 9.22 7.47 7.54 7.53

2014 m<uq ldr®;=j 852.16 242.56 66.19 119.76 243.50 1,524.17 4.31 4.24 6.59 6.59
fojk ldr®;=j 766.90 338.37 63.14 139.92 270.20 1,578.53 4.41 4.55 6.35 6.35
f;jk ldr®;=j 859.86 409.85 38.45 179.08 361.71 1,848.95 3.09 2.89 4.68 4.68
isõjk ldr®;=j 1,008.95 250.30 73.81 123.99 278.75 1,735.80 6.28 4.54 5.32 5.32

2015 m<uq ldr®;=j 1,049.36 394.61 52.10 79.50 218.75 1,794.32 7.95 5.80 5.48 5.47
fojk ldr®;=j 628.71 406.90 150.63 188.30 255.25 1,629.79 6.26 6.14 5.96 5.95
f;jk ldr®;=j 461.52 356.52 95.52 165.41 422.10 1,501.07 5.23 5.20 6.02 6.02
isõjk ldr®;=j 663.39 478.11 151.88 254.08 240.00 1,787.46 4.29 4.15 6.22 6.22

2016 ^wd& m<uq ldr®;=j 1,078.29 496.48 91.17 94.50 352.50 2,112.94 6.94 6.93 6.41 6.40
fojk ldr®;=j 1,311.30 504.48 45.77 179.20 236.75 2,277.50 12.09 8.00 8.00 7.99
f;jk ldr®;=j 1,371.21 306.17 45.35 99.55 248.85 2,071.13 8.34 7.15 8.09 8.08
isõjk ldr®;=j 1,304.14 456.10 84.40 123.15 279.15 2,246.94 9.51 7.79 7.67 7.65

2015 ckjd˙ 424.86 137.15 2.60 30.00 59.90 654.51 10.49 6.27 5.34 5.34
fmnrjd˙ 330.90 78.50 3.00 23.50 48.75 484.65 6.36 5.37 5.54 5.54
udr®;= 293.60 178.96 46.50 26.00 110.10 655.16 7.01 5.77 5.54 5.54
wfm%a,a 364.28 131.55 26.88 10.25 69.35 602.31 7.90 5.83 5.92 5.91
uehs 98.18 146.45 77.40 114.10 79.40 515.53 6.19 7.30 5.98 5.98
cqks 166.25 128.90 46.35 63.95 106.50 511.95 4.68 5.29 5.97 5.97
cQ,s 176.89 132.45 29.00 62.40 114.60 515.34 4.86 5.07 5.83 5.82
wf.daia;= 146.56 122.30 40.25 46.25 167.25 522.61 5.28 5.11 5.83 5.82
iema;eïnr® 138.07 101.77 26.27 56.76 140.25 463.12 5.56 5.41 6.42 6.42
Tlaf;danr® 290.66 144.50 54.25 49.90 70.00 609.31 4.73 4.84 6.45 6.45
fkdjeïnr® 147.67 208.21 66.05 68.00 73.25 563.18 3.29 3.48 6.45 6.45
foieïnr® 225.06 125.40 31.58 136.18 96.75 614.97 4.85 4.13 5.76 5.76

2016 ^wd& ckjd˙ 197.45 169.25 52.56 36.50 120.00 575.76 6.19 5.25 5.98 5.97
fmnrjd˙ 369.71 138.95 31.28 29.00 127.25 696.19 6.01 5.64 6.31 6.30
udr®;= 511.13 188.28 7.33 29.00 105.25 840.99 8.63 9.90 6.94 6.93
wfm%a,a 357.07 185.61 15.75 71.50 71.50 701.43 13.84 9.50 7.96 7.95
uehs 475.87 117.31 19.52 79.70 89.45 781.85 11.95 7.54 7.88 7.88
cqks 478.36 201.56 10.50 28.00 75.80 794.22 10.48 6.95 8.14 8.13
cQ,s 562.87 80.52 3.00 38.50 110.00 794.89 10.18 7.54 8.16 8.15
wf.daia;= 424.68 87.50 9.00 37.75 55.85 614.78 7.40 6.94 8.12 8.11
iema;eïnr® 383.66 138.15 33.35 23.30 83.00 661.46 7.43 6.96 7.99 7.98
Tlaf;danr® 341.42 113.85 55.61 56.00 142.15 709.03 8.91 7.79 7.69 7.68
fkdjeïnr® 493.97 96.48 20.29 28.00 77.50 716.24 11.30 7.87 7.69 7.67
foieïnr® 468.75 245.77 8.50 39.15 59.50 821.67 8.32 7.71 7.62 7.61

^w& jdr®Isl b†˙ úksuh fj<|fmd< wêñ, (f d) .Kkh ls¯u i|yd my; ±lafjk iQ;%h fhd∞ .kq ,efí' uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
f d = {[Ftt - St] / St} * 100 * (12/t),
fuys Ftt hkq t ld,fha ° udi t (T = 1, 3) ld, mrdih i|yd mj;sk b†˙ úksuh fj<|fmd< wêñ, jk w;r t ld,fha ° wka;r® nexl= t;eka úksuh wkqmd;slh St u.ska
oelafõ'
^wd& ;djld,sl
 úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;s 92 jeks ixLHd igyk
uy nexl=j úiska úfoaY úksuh wjfYdaIKh lsÍï iy iemhSï
t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk
wjfYdaIKh ls¯ï iemhSï Y=oaO wjfYdaIKh ls¯ï
ld,m˙Éf√oh ^1& ^2& ^1& - ^2&

2012 631.29 1,797.03 -1,165.74

2013 1,138.60 703.01 435.59
2014 1,407.20 862.25 544.95
2015 179.40 3,428.93 -3,249.53
2016 1,132.22 1,900.38 -768.15

2014 m<uq ldr®;=j 196.60 144.00 52.60

fojk ldr®;=j 513.30 14.75 498.55
f;jk ldr®;=j 661.80 228.40 433.40
isõjk ldr®;=j 35.50 475.10 -439.60

2015 m<uq ldr®;=j 67.50 397.46 -329.96

fojk ldr®;=j 84.30 824.30 -740.00
f;jk ldr®;=j - 1,323.62 -1,323.62
isõjk ldr®;=j 27.60 883.55 -855.95

2016 m<uq ldr®;=j 10.95 924.61 -913.66

fojk ldr®;=j 317.56 496.67 -179.11
f;jk ldr®;=j 526.61 126.68 399.94
isõjk ldr®;=j 277.09 352.42 -75.33

2015 ckjd˙ - 173.81 -173.81

fmnrjd˙ 49.40 122.00 -72.60
udr®;= 18.10 101.65 -83.55
wfm%a,a 60.50 159.50 -99.00
uehs 8.80 157.83 -149.03
cqks 15.00 506.97 -491.97
cQ,s - 352.58 -352.58
wf.daia;= - 447.25 -447.25
iema;eïnr® - 523.80 -523.80
Tlaf;danr® 27.60 305.55 -277.95
fkdjeïnr® - 306.00 -306.00
foieïnr® - 272.00 -272.00

2016 ckjd˙ - 303.50 -303.50

fmnrjd˙ - 189.05 -189.05
udr®;= 10.95 432.06 -421.11
wfm%a,a 14.95 266.45 -251.51
uehs 123.83 36.20 87.63
cqks 178.78 194.02 -15.24
cQ,s 204.56 53.90 150.66
wf.daia;= 190.77 57.58 133.19
iema;eïnr® 131.29 15.20 116.09
Tlaf;danr® 88.33 163.78 -75.45
fkdjeïnr® 9.45 116.91 -107.46
foieïnr® 179.31 71.73 107.58
uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 93 jeks ixLHd igyk
rdcH uQ,H lghq;= ms<sn| iïmsKavkh ^w&
remsh,a ñ,shk
2016 2017
YSr®Ih 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 wkqu; ;djld,sl wkqu;
weia;fïka;= weia;fïka;=
1' uqΩ¿ ,eîï 614,329 708,596 746,359 858,372 973,476 1,030,128 1,098,355 1,169,543 1,413,318 1,865,770 1,725,278 2,049,000
1'1 wd∞hu 583,821 677,374 720,437 841,463 958,335 1,014,058 1,082,496 1,160,128 1,407,304 1,850,770 1,717,782 2,039,000
1'3 m%∞k 30,508 31,222 25,922 16,909 15,141 16,071 15,859 9,415 6,014 15,000 7,496 10,000
2' uqΩ¿ msßjeh -1,192,860 -1,411,255 -1,748,996 -1,778,152 -1,967,366 -2,190,241 -2,410,989 -2,603,614 -3,202,210 -3,564,770 -3,107,151 -3,633,110
2'1 mqkrdjr®;k -614,762 -736,474 -882,721 -952,243 -1,020,264 -1,118,401 -1,253,706 -1,370,501 -1,672,921 -1,728,169 -1,770,882 -1,947,027
2'2 m%d.aOk -577,398 -673,325 -864,343 -823,782 -946,247 -1,073,928 -1,158,302 -1,231,864 -1,530,359 -1,831,601 -1,335,561 -1,681,084
2'3 w;a;sldrï .sKqï -700 -1,457 -1,932 -2,126 -854 2,088 1,019 -1,249 1,070 -5,000 -708 -5,000
3' whjeh ysÕh -578,531 -702,659 -1,002,637 -919,780 -993,890 -1,160,112 -1,312,634 -1,434,071 -1,788,892 -1,699,000 -1,381,873 -1,584,110
4' Kh wdmiq f.ùï ^wd& 316,279 380,331 516,012 467,857 538,683 608,970 700,035 632,662 808,117 648,851 741,549 800,187
4'1 foaYSh 252,165 258,720 401,296 389,672 439,894 415,441 496,042 449,554 523,824 505,408 572,442 622,227
4'2 úfoaYSh 64,114 121,609 114,716 78,184 98,789 193,529 203,993 183,109 284,293 143,442 169,107 177,960
5' Y=oaO uQ,H ysÕh -262,252 -322,329 -486,625 -451,924 -455,207 -551,142 -612,599 -801,408 -980,776 -1,050,149 -640,325 -783,923
6' whjeh ysÕh mshùu 578,531 702,659 1,002,637 919,780 993,890 1,160,112 1,312,634 1,434,071 1,788,892 1,699,000 1,381,873 1,584,110
6'1 foaYSh fj<|fmd< Kh .ekSï ^we& 379,242 568,390 635,571 581,671 675,915 667,850 970,583 988,760 1,267,797 1,272,408 820,853 1,074,151
nexl= fkdjk 363,473 373,157 586,543 583,563 484,065 536,323 673,607 861,832 975,955 1,090,408 680,898 1,042,151
nexl= 15,769 195,233 49,027 -1,892 191,850 131,527 296,977 126,929 291,841 182,000 139,955 32,000
6'2 wfkl=;a foaYSh Kh .ekSï ^wE& 18,060 4,619 11,280 10,231 -4,798 5,438 13,000 -13,363 - - - -
6'3 úfoaYSh Kh 181,227 129,650 355,786 327,878 322,772 486,824 329,050 458,674 521,096 426,592 561,020 509,960
thsk"a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha ixjr®Ok Kh 16,206 12,684 10,263 5,906 5,027 6,840 1,357 2,262 - - - -
7' Y=oaO uQ,H ysÕh mshùu 262,252 322,329 486,625 451,924 455,207 551,142 612,599 801,408 980,776 1,050,149 640,325 783,923
7'1 foaYSh fj<|fmd< Kh .ekSï 127,077 309,669 234,274 191,999 236,021 252,409 474,542 539,206 743,973 767,000 248,411 451,923
nexl= fkdjk 111,308 114,437 185,247 193,891 44,171 120,881 177,565 412,278 452,131 585,000 108,456 419,923
nexl= 15,769 195,233 49,027 -1,892 191,850 131,527 296,977 126,929 291,841 182,000 139,955 32,000
7'2 wfkl=;a foaYSh Kh .ekSï ^wE& 18,060 4,619 11,280 10,231 -4,798 5,438 13,000 -13,363 - - - -
7'3 úfoaYSh Kh 117,113 8,041 241,070 249,694 223,983 293,295 125,057 275,565 236,803 283,149 391,914 332,000
thsk"a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha ixjr®Ok Kh 16,206 12,684 10,263 5,906 5,027 6,840 1,357 2,262 - - - -
8' rdcH uQ,H lghq;=j, m%idrKd;aul n,mEu 15,769 195,233 49,027 -1,892 191,850 131,527 296,977 126,929 291,841 182,000 139,955 32,000
9' fkdmsh jQ rdcH Kh 3,041,685 3,588,962 4,161,422 4,590,245 5,133,365 6,000,112 6,793,249 7,390,899 8,503,227 9,107,180 9,387,303 10,077,000
9'1 foaYSh 1,715,198 2,140,228 2,400,955 2,565,662 2,804,085 3,232,813 3,832,825 4,277,783 4,959,196 5,264,570 5,341,507 5,722,000
9'2 úfoaYSh 1,326,487 1,448,734 1,760,467 2,024,583 2,329,280 2,767,299 2,960,424 3,113,116 3,544,031 3,842,610 4,045,796 4,355,000
^w& uqo,a wud;HdxYfha rdcH .sKqï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska iïmd†; rcfha .sKqïj,g wkql+,jhs' uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
^wd& Rcq rdcH Kh wdmiq f.ùï we;=<;ah' cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd wdr®:ßl lghq;= wud;HdxYh
^we& rdcH wdh;k uÛska ,xld Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:djg f.úh hq;= Kh mshùu i|yd 2012 jifr® ° ksl=;a l< remsh,a ì,shk 53'9 l" 2013 udr®;= udifha ° Y%S,xlka .=jka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
iud.ug m%d.aOkh iemhSu i`oyd ksl=;a lrk ,o remsh,a ì,shk 11'7 l iy 2015 jifr® ° m%d.aOk ∞hl;ajh iemhSu i`oyd cd;sl c, iïmdok yd c,dmjdyk uKav,hg
iy ,xld L◊c f;,a kS;s.; ixia:djg ksl=;a lrk ,o ms<sfj,ska remsh,a ì,shk 13'0 l iy remsh,a ì,shk 23'9 l jákdlulska hq;a m%;sjHqy.; ne`≥ïlr we;=<;a fkdfõ'
^wE& foaYSh m%odk iy fjk;a fj<|fmd< fkdjk Kh we;=<;ah'
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 94 jeks ixLHd igyk
rdcH wdodhu ^w&
remsh,a ñ,shk
2016 2017
YSr®Ih 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 wkqu; ;djld,sl wkqu;
weia;fïka;= weia;fïka;=

1' j¾;k 571,498 663,730 708,381 825,688 942,943 996,817 1,066,247 1,127,631 1,394,245 1,836,420 1,698,755 2,024,700
1'1 wd∞hï n≥ 107,168 126,541 139,558 135,623 157,309 172,593 205,666 198,115 262,583 251,700 258,857 334,550
fm!oa.,sl 16,211 23,326 28,229 30,993 24,785 21,413 27,337 30,529 38,152 44,500 46,426 67,350
iduQysl 55,650 63,693 66,751 75,208 98,748 91,918 100,649 98,183 162,019 145,200 164,592 192,200
fmd,S u; n≥ 35,307 39,522 44,578 29,422 33,776 59,262 77,679 69,402 62,412 62,000 47,839 75,000
1'2 ksIamdok yd úhoï u; mekjQ n≥ 401,757 458,891 479,527 589,139 655,307 672,679 717,978 789,811 1,019,537 1,394,300 1,204,832 1,492,450
fmd≥ wf,ú iy ms˙jegqï n≥ 187,452 203,646 171,510 219,990 215,576 204,806 217,921 238,391 214,254 240,000 283,470 380,000
tl;= l< w.h u; n≥ 187,452 203,646 171,510 219,990 215,576 204,806 217,921 238,391 214,254 240,000 283,470 380,000
f;dard.;a NdKav u; wf,ú n≥ 96,675 100,971 97,604 129,864 186,010 191,947 209,740 234,595 457,596 556,235 454,952 579,035
iss./Ü 31,437 37,288 37,601 40,675 49,623 53,563 58,567 57,240 80,015 85,035 88,792 105,035
u;ameka 23,723 27,434 28,525 36,654 55,286 60,086 66,008 69,100 105,264 140,000 120,238 175,500
Lksc f;,a 17,126 18,977 23,018 28,038 22,470 28,466 27,131 28,732 45,092 40,000 55,719 55,000
fudagr® r: yd fjk;a 24,389 17,271 8,460 24,497 58,632 49,832 58,034 79,522 227,226 291,200 190,203 243,500
wdkhk n≥ 56,287 63,994 79,810 64,223 76,010 73,489 74,668 77,726 108,116 125,000 156,487 165,500
n,m;% n≥ 1,741 1,793 3,269 5,512 6,078 4,254 5,449 6,983 6,929 77,015 8,726 26,535
uqoaor$fiia $iudc j.lSï$m%dfoaYSh hás;, myiqlï
ixjr®Ok$cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï$ úfYaI fj<| 25,715 49,060 83,013 109,074 101,373 128,073 148,694 163,470 175,909 301,050 212,375 235,380
NdKav noao iy wfkl=;a n≥
yr noao 7,187 8,410 8,036 10,843 4,232 - - - - - - -
jrdh yd .=jka f;dgqm< ixjr®Ok noao 26,700 31,017 36,286 49,633 66,028 70,111 61,506 68,646 56,733 95,000 88,823 106,000
1'3 fmd,S" ,dNdxY iy ,dN 20,924 24,670 41,025 54,319 66,198 99,249 71,183 66,292 34,296 66,430 117,986 83,850
rdcH ixia:d j,ska ,enQ ,dN yd ,dNdxY 7,682 7,365 11,982 31,301 34,351 46,761 35,169 46,814 29,798 48,580 108,160 72,600
uy nexl= ,dN 4,000 8,000 20,000 15,000 22,000 43,000 26,350 11,500 - 12,000 5,000 5,000
fmd,S 9,242 9,305 9,043 8,017 9,847 9,488 9,664 7,978 4,498 5,850 4,826 6,250
1'4 fj<| jHjidhkaf.a o< ,eîï 6,981 8,438 8,566 8,590 8,644 9,805 11,332 12,467 13,124 13,800 13,100 14,700
≥ï˙h 2,999 3,671 4,020 4,018 4,235 4,852 5,425 5,909 6,413 6,300 6,522 7,200
;eme,a 3,982 4,767 4,546 4,572 4,409 4,952 5,907 6,558 6,711 7,500 6,578 7,500
1'5 fjk;a jr®;k ,eîï 34,668 45,190 39,706 38,017 55,485 42,491 60,089 60,948 64,705 110,190 103,980 99,150
cd;sl f,d;/hs uKav,h iy wfkl=;a mejreï 1,234 603 1,542 1,781 1,953 2,223 2,173 1,868 1,936 2,500 2,231 2,500
fjk;a 33,434 44,587 38,164 36,236 53,532 40,268 57,917 59,080 62,769 107,690 101,749 96,650
2' m%d.aOk 12,324 13,645 12,056 15,775 15,392 17,240 16,249 32,497 13,059 14,350 19,027 14,300
2'1 Kh wdmiq f.ùï 11,779 13,526 11,978 15,535 14,878 16,409 15,969 14,892 12,961 14,000 18,619 14,000
2'2 fjk;a 545 119 78 240 514 831 280 17,604 98 350 407 300
tl;=j 583,821 677,374 720,437 841,463 958,335 1,014,058 1,082,496 1,160,128 1,407,304 1,850,770 1,717,782 2,039,000
^w& uqo,a wud;HdxYfha rdcH .sKqï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska iïmd†; rcfha .sKqïj,g wkql+,jhs' uQ,h( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 95 jeks ixLHd igyk
Y%S ,xld rcfha f.ùï ^w&
remsh,a ñ,shk
2016 2017
YSr®Ih 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 wkqu; ;djld,sl wkqu;
weia;fïka;= weia;fïka;=

1' mqkrdj¾;k úhou 614,762 736,474 882,721 952,243 1,020,264 1,118,401 1,253,706 1,370,501 1,672,921 1,728,169 1,770,882 1,947,027

1'1 NdKav yd fiajd i|yd úhoï 291,227 359,610 390,208 409,370 454,360 478,692 569,170 625,418 756,508 780,611 771,930 851,064

jegqma yd fõ;k 225,025 249,551 282,636 312,248 341,947 360,352 406,923 455,653 580,538 593,081 596,441 635,298

wfkl=;a NdKav yd fiajd 66,202 110,059 107,572 97,122 112,413 118,340 162,248 169,765 175,969 187,530 175,489 215,766

1'2 fmd<S f.ùï 182,681 212,475 309,675 352,592 356,699 408,498 444,007 436,395 509,674 520,452 610,895 680,087

úfoaYSh 21,311 30,277 35,698 55,464 68,565 90,839 100,985 108,461 115,386 79,233 126,713 123,291

foaYSh 161,370 182,198 273,978 297,127 288,134 317,659 343,022 327,934 394,289 441,219 484,182 556,796

1'3 jr®;k mejreï 140,854 164,389 182,838 190,282 209,206 231,211 240,529 308,668 406,739 427,106 388,057 415,876

rdcH ixia:d iy wdh;k 29,794 32,830 33,845 34,088 37,767 41,429 45,241 57,023 61,256 55,714 70,904 57,263

m<d;a md,k wdh;k yd m<d;a iNd 150 217 - - - - - - - - - -

l=gqïN iy fjk;a mejreï 110,910 131,342 148,993 156,194 171,438 189,782 195,288 251,665 345,483 371,392 317,153 358,613

2' m%d.aOk úhou 577,398 673,325 864,343 823,782 946,247 1,073,928 1,158,302 1,231,864 1,530,359 1,831,601 1,335,561 1,681,084

2'1 Kh wdmiq f.ùï 316,279 380,330 516,012 467,857 538,683 608,970 700,035 632,662 808,117 648,851 741,549 800,187

úfoaYSh 64,114 121,609 114,716 78,184 98,789 193,529 203,993 183,109 284,293 143,442 169,107 177,960

foaYSh 252,165 258,720 401,296 389,672 439,894 415,441 496,042 449,554 523,824 505,408 572,442 622,227

2'2 uQ,H j;alï w;am;a lr .ekSu 23,112 31,253 53,032 54,433 44,488 43,891 26,901 26,756 14,592 10,399 16,977 10,520

2'3 ia:djr j;alï w;am;a lr .ekSu 143,355 157,741 161,473 157,894 202,703 218,036 229,598 364,895 432,735 934,936 328,202 674,631

2'4 m%d.aOk mejreï 94,651 104,002 133,826 143,599 160,374 203,032 201,768 207,551 274,916 237,416 248,834 195,745

rdcH ixia:d 23,737 22,432 19,750 20,345 26,693 30,072 27,193 28,322 42,473 33,818 32,066 21,174

rdcH wdh;k 50,408 59,991 90,291 99,151 105,603 145,935 143,504 147,166 197,712 151,569 184,689 142,465

m<d;a md,k wdh;k yd m<d;a iNd 20,346 21,237 23,780 24,101 27,619 25,566 29,692 31,547 34,063 49,862 29,887 30,491

úfoaYhkg 160 341 5 1 459 1,459 1,379 516 668 2,167 2,191 1,615

3' w;a;sldrï .sKqï lghq;= 700 1,457 1,932 2,126 854 -2,088 -1,019 1,249 -1,070 5,000 708 5,000

tl;=j 1,192,860 1,411,255 1,748,996 1,778,152 1,967,366 2,190,241 2,410,989 2,603,614 3,202,210 3,564,770 3,107,151 3,633,110

^w& uqo,a wud;HdxYfha rdcH .sKqï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska iïmd†; rcfha .sKqïj,g wkql+,jhs' uQ,h( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 96 jeks ixLHd igyk

Y%S ,xld wdKavqfõ iïu; úhou - 2016

mqkrdjr®;k m%d.aOk

W!K^-& $wê(+)

W!K^-& $wê(+)
úhoï m%;sY;h

úhoï m%;sY;h
weia;fïka;=

weia;fïka;=
^re' ñ,shk&

^re' ñ,shk&

^re' ñ,shk&

^re' ñ,shk&
i;H úhou

i;H úhou
ixfYdaê;

ixfYdaê;
wud;HdxYh ^w&

1' w;s.re ckdêm;s;=ud" w.ue;s ldr®hd,h" fY%aIaGdêlrKfha úksYaphldrjre wd°ka 10,842 7,427 -31.5 6,774 5,496 -18.9
2' nqoaO Ydik 1,392 1,265 -9.1 775 753 -2.8
3' uqo,a ^wd& 639,505 631,857 -1.2 1,115,381 778,437 -30.2
4' wdrlaIl 257,579 244,663 -5.0 53,492 25,868 -51.6
5' cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd wdr®:ßl lghq;= 3,414 3,159 -7.5 33,926 23,469 -30.8
6' wdm∞ l<ukdlrK 1,009 917 -9.1 4,721 3,529 -25.2
7' ;eme,a" ;eme,a fiajd yd uqia,sï wd.ñl lghq;= 12,584 12,504 -0.6 585 423 -27.6
8' wêlrK 7,564 7,293 -3.6 3,025 2,220 -26.6
9' fi!LH" fmdaIK iy foaYSh ffjoH 138,340 112,992 -18.3 41,292 23,641 -42.7
10' úfoaY lghq;= 9,450 8,941 -5.4 520 420 -19.2
11' m%jdyk yd isú,a .=jka fiajd 34,251 32,815 -4.2 54,487 34,577 -36.5
12' Wiia wOHdmk yd uydudr®. 30,676 29,545 -3.7 200,349 166,055 -17.1
13' lDIslr®u 51,067 43,357 -15.1 8,327 4,528 -45.6
14' ú≥,sn, yd mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s 509 477 -6.3 13,159 12,544 -4.7
15' ldka;d yd <ud lghq;= 9,099 7,219 -20.7 1,112 554 -50.2
16' iajfoaY lghq;= 27,616 25,525 -7.6 22,647 12,913 -43.0
17' mdr®,sfïka;= m%;sixialrK yd ckudOH 3,372 3,161 -6.3 2,273 397 -82.6
18' ksjdi yd b†ls¯ï 1,615 1,562 -3.2 6,684 6,644 -0.6
19' iudc iún,.ekaùï yd iqNidOk 69,247 65,281 -5.7 1,553 1,471 -5.3
20' wOHdmk 171,220 49,324 -71.2 32,152 15,676 -51.2
21' rdcH m˙md,k yd l<ukdlrK 201,665 200,133 -0.8 519 474 -8.7
22' jeú,s lr®udka; 3,265 3,003 -8.0 7,676 5,537 -27.9
23' l%Svd 1,203 1,143 -5.0 3,244 2,086 -35.7
24' l`≥rg kj .ïudk" j;= há;, myiqlï yd m%cd ixjr®Ok 223 189 -15.4 1,574 1,095 -30.4
25' nkaOkd.dr m%;sixialrK" mqkre;a:dmk" kej; m†xÑ ls¯ï yd yska≥ wd.ñl
lghq;= 6,527 6,106 -6.4 20,224 15,901 -21.4
26' lr®udka; yd jd◊c lghq;= 2,711 2,494 -8.0 7,791 6,658 -14.5
27' Lkscf;,a iïm;a ixjr®Ok 215 214 -0.5 228 192 -15.7
28' ëjr yd c,c iïm;a ixjr®Ok 1,822 1,789 -1.8 4,677 3,881 -17.0
29' bvï 4,743 4,682 -1.3 3,606 2,377 -34.1
30' .%dóh wdr®:ßl lghq;= 1,444 1,436 -0.6 9,999 7,876 -21.2
31' m<d;a iNd iy m<d;a md,k 171,459 170,168 -0.8 72,432 50,921 -29.7
32' cd;sl ixjdo 464 422 -9.1 354 165 -53.2
33' rdcH jHjidh ixjr®Ok 289 267 -7.5 847 821 -3.1
34' ixpdrl ixjr®Ok yd l%sia;shdks wd.ñl lghq;= 271 253 -6.5 648 295 -54.5
35' uyje,s ixjr®Ok yd m˙ir 5,346 5,270 -1.4 64,431 40,510 -37.1
36' ;sridr ixjr®Ok yd jk„ú 1,924 1,901 -1.2 2,065 1,587 -23.2
37' uyk.r yd niakdysr ixjr®Ok 1,249 927 -25.8 29,203 12,409 -57.5
38' wNHka;r lghq;=" jhU ixjr®Ok yd ixialD;sl lghq;= 3,214 3,162 -1.6 6,004 3,480 -42.0
39' cd;sl tAldnoaO;d iy m%;sikaOdk 77 47 -39.4 320 291 -9.2
40' k.r ie,iqï yd c, iïmdok 268 261 -2.7 34,682 26,500 -23.6
41' úfYaI ldr®hNdr 85 60 -30.0 108 12 -88.5
42' jrdh yd kdúl lghq;= 197 179 -9.3 1,748 1,053 -39.8
43' úfoaY /lshd 619 593 -4.2 524 476 -9.3
44' kS;sh yd iduh iy oCIsK ixjr®Ok 66,015 62,845 -4.8 7,028 4,056 -42.3
45' lïlre yd jD;a;sh iñ;s in`o;d 2,064 2,016 -2.3 5,146 3,554 -30.9
46' ú≥,s ixfoaY yd ä‚g,a há;, myiqlï 133 131 -2.0 1,444 865 -40.1
47' ixjr®Ok Wmdhudr®. yd cd;Hka;r fj<`o 626 594 -5.1 479 180 -62.4
48' úoHd" ;dlaIK yd mr®fhaIK 1,712 1,600 -6.5 2,367 1,694 -28.4
49' ksmqK;d ixjr®Ok yd jD;a;Sh mqyqKq 5,677 5,354 -5.7 7,772 4,717 -39.3
50' jd˙udr®. yd c, iïm;a l<ukdlrK 3,447 3,277 -4.9 26,840 15,539 -42.1
51' m%d:ñl lr®udka; 767 661 -13.8 727 624 -14.1
52' m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok 609 421 262 119
w;a;sldrï .sKqï lghq;= - - 5,000 708
tl;=j 1,970,680 1,770,882 -10.1 1,933,200 1,336,270 -30.9
^w& wud;HdxY ,ehsia;=j 2016 jir w.° uqo,a wud;HdxYfha rdcH .sKqï fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska uQ,h( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
iïmd†; wjidk .sKqï u; mokï fõ'
^wd& Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï o we;=<;ah'
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 97 jeks ixLHd igyk

Y%S ,xld wdKavqfõ iïu; úhou - 2017 ^w&

remsh,a ñ,shk

2017 wkqu; weia;fïka;=

wud;HdxYh ^wd&
mqkrdjr®;k m%d.aOk
1' w;s.re ckdêm;s;=ud" w.ue;s ldr®hd,h" fY%aIaGdêlrKfha úksYaphldrjre wd°ka 11,902 5,735
2' nqoaO Ydik 902 968
3' uqo,a ^we& 891,865 1,112,373
4' wdrlaIl 251,807 32,238
5' cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd wdr®:ßl lghq;= 3,653 10,505
6' wdm∞ l<ukdlrK 1,797 2,815
7' ;eme,a" ;eme,a fiajd yd uqia,sï wd.ñl lghq;= 12,036 514
8' wêlrK 7,426 2,805
9' fi!LH" fmdaIK iy foaYSh ffjoH 120,554 40,418
10' úfoaY lghq;= 9,244 445
11' m%jdyk yd isú,a .=jka fiajd 17,383 33,916
12' Wiia wOHdmk yd uydudr®. 29,941 133,464
13' lDIslr®u 15,152 6,242
14' ú≥,sn, yd mqkr®ckkSh n,Yla;s 439 620
15' ldka;d yd <ud lghq;= 1,404 1,295
16' iajfoaY lghq;= 26,874 17,669
17' mdr®,sfïka;= m%;sixialrK yd ckudOH 3,470 2,264
18' ksjdi yd b†ls¯ï 849 2,419
19' iudc iún,.ekaùï yd iqNidOk 14,149 2,101
20' wOHdmk 36,243 40,701
21' rdcH m˙md,k yd l<ukdlrK 210,537 667
22' jeú,s lr®udka; 3,251 4,969
23' l%Svd 1,334 3,150
24' l`≥rg kj .ïudk" j;= há;, myiqlï yd m%cd ixjr®Ok 335 3,033
25' nkaOkd.dr m%;sixialrK" mqkre;a:dmk" kej; m†xÑ ls¯ï yd yska≥ wd.ñl lghq;= 6,803 10,639
26' lr®udka; yd jd◊c lghq;= 2,823 7,099
27' Lkscf;,a iïm;a ixjr®Ok 219 93
28' ëjr yd c,c iïm;a ixjr®Ok 1,795 3,876
29' bvï 5,053 3,484
30' .%dóh wdr®:ßl lghq;= 1,357 6,973
31' m<d;a iNd iy m<d;a md,k 162,809 51,314
32' cd;sl iy„jkh" ixjdo yd rdcH NdId 485 192
33' rdcH jHjidh ixjr®Ok 275 157
34' ixpdrl ixjr®Ok yd l%sia;shdks wd.ñl lghq;= 192 663
35' uyje,s ixjr®Ok yd m˙ir 5,177 52,446
36' ;sridr ixjr®Ok yd jk„ú 1,902 1,599
37' uyk.r yd niakdysr ixjr®Ok 2,447 13,359
38' wNHka;r lghq;=" jhU ixjr®Ok yd ixialD;sl lghq;= 3,523 4,405
39' cd;sl tAldnoaO;d iy m%;sikaOdk 113 1,723
40' k.r ie,iqï yd c, iïmdok 318 22,529
41' úfYaI ldr®hNdr 65 53
42' jrdh yd kdúl lghq;= 255 2,108
43' úfoaY /lshd 614 81
44' kS;sh yd iduh iy olaIsK ixjr®Ok 63,166 5,228
45' lïlre yd jD;a;sh iñ;s in`o;d 2,040 3,689
46' ú≥,s ixfoaY yd ä‚g,a há;, myiqlï 134 2,320
47' ixjr®Ok Wmdhudr®. yd cd;Hka;r fj<`o 603 353
48' úoHd" ;dlaIK yd mr®fhaIK 1,782 2,495
49' ksmqK;d ixjr®Ok yd jD;a;Sh mqyqKq 5,693 3,897
50' jd˙udr®. yd c, iïm;a l<ukdlrK 3,769 16,270
51' m%d:ñl lr®udka; 723 2,438
52' m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok 345 277
w;a;sldrï .sKqï lghq;= - 5,000
tl;=j 1,947,027 1,686,084
^w& 2017 whjeh jdr®;dfõ i|yka weia;fïka;= uQ,h( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
^wd& wud;HdxY ,ehsia;=j 2017 whjeh weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
^we& Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï o we;=<;ah'
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 98 jeks ixLHd igyk

rdcH ixia:djkag iy jHjia:dms; uKav,j,g lrk ,o j¾;k mejreï

remsh,a ñ,shk
2016 2017
rdcH ixia:d iy wdh;k 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 wkqu; wkqu;
weia;fïka;= ;djld,sl weia;fïka;=
lDIsl¾u yd jdßud¾. lghq;= 2,243.0 3,351.2 3,314.7 3,362.4 4,094.4 3,539.4 3,731.5 6,123.1 7,503.7 8,314.0 8,148.0 8,335.7
f.dúck iy lDIs rlaIK uKav,h 37.9 327.0 130.9 125.0 790.4 134.8 138.0 2,100.3 2,276.0 2,690.0 2,690.0 2,700.0
fmd,a ixjr®Ok wêld˙h 53.3 69.0 62.4 77.3 73.3 77.1 82.0 96.5 110.0 135.0 124.5 140.0
fmd,a j.d ls¯fï uKav,h 193.7 226.6 244.3 243.3 261.7 270.2 279.1 301.3 392.0 420.0 415.0 430.0
fmd,a mr®fhaIK uKav,h 126.6 128.7 133.3 135.5 132.3 138.0 155.3 171.7 186.2 255.0 206.3 265.0
fylagr® fldínElvqj lDIs mr®fhaIK iy mqyqKq wdh;kh ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 108.5 120.9 124.8 152.5 194.0 155.2 142.0
YS% ,xld uyje,s wêld˙h 1,418.6 1,573.1 1,642.5 1,730.0 1,780.0 1,735.5 1,800.0 1,970.0 2,555.6 2,680.0 2,680.0 2,630.0
cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh 9.9 12.2 13.1 10.6 8.5 8.5 18.7 24.8 28.5 40.0 39.0 40.0
rnr® mr®fhaIK WmfoaYl wdh;kh 150.0 148.3 176.3 181.1 183.1 185.7 195.8 252.5 342.2 350.0 359.8 404.0
YS% ,xld lcq ixia:dj 35.0 37.6 42.5 43.9 50.0 58.6 52.5 50.0 66.1 53.0 48.0 58.2
Wla mr®fhaIK wdh;kh ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 259.5 250.0 250.0 255.0
Y%S ,xld f;a uKav,h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 117.1 120.0 132.0 143.0 185.0 147.5 190.0
f;a mr®fhaIK wdh;kh ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 233.1 252.1 299.7 341.3 338.0 338.0 340.0
l=vd f;a j;= ixjr®Ok wêld˙h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 219.8 225.3 266.7 319.7 339.0 335.2 345.0
fjk;a 218.0 828.7 869.4 815.7 815.2 292.4 328.8 377.8 330.9 385.0 359.5 396.5

n,Yla;s yd c,iïmdok lghq;= 1,227.8 1,083.5 646.1 720.4 552.7 73.2 123.1 123.5 293.2 329.0 366.8 396.9
Y%S ,xld mrudKq n,Yla;s wêld˙h 22.8 29.5 28.0 46.4 30.4 40.0 43.0 41.5 49.0 68.0 103.4 75.9
Y%S ,xld iqks;H n,Yla;s wêld˙h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 33.2 80.1 82.0 85.2 91.0 83.4 94.0
c, iïm;a uKav,h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 77.3 83.1 87.0 141.0 145.0 155.0 198.0
fjk;a 54.0 131.0 133.8 125.3 119.4 - - - 18.0 25.0 25.0 29.0

ëjr lghq;= 370.6 431.0 482.3 471.8 505.2 437.0 483.3 724.6 1,021.0 980.0 1,178.3 1,144.6
,xld ëjr jrdh kS;s.; ixia:dj 80.0 96.4 106.2 105.0 113.0 108.8 108.0 313.4 434.4 375.0 470.0 488.6
cd;sl c,c iïm;a mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok wdh;kh 119.6 142.0 150.9 142.2 146.7 149.3 166.9 196.0 273.6 280.0 290.7 303.0
fjk;a 171.0 192.6 225.2 224.6 245.5 178.9 208.4 215.2 313.1 325.0 417.6 353.0

ksIamdok yd leΕ lghq;= 292.5 288.0 284.4 277.8 268.8 278.6 279.6 311.4 366.1 378.0 375.4 382.0
ldr®ñl ixjr®Ok uKav,h 217.5 219.9 222.0 221.3 228.0 227.4 231.0 250.0 296.8 286.0 286.0 291.0
ueKsla yd iajr®KdNrK mr®fhaIK yd wNHdi wdh;kh ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 30.2 32.1 43.4 47.1 60.0 58.6 50.0
fjk;a 28.0 25.1 51.5 56.5 40.8 21.0 16.4 18.0 22.3 32.0 30.8 41.0

^iïnkaOhs&
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 98 jeks ixLHd igyk ^iïnkaOhs&

rdcH ixia:djkag iy jHjia:dms; uKav,j,g lrk ,o j¾;k mejreï

remsh,a ñ,shk
2016 2017
rdcH ixia:d iy wdh;k 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 wkqu; wkqu;
weia;fïka;= ;djld,sl weia;fïka;=

fj<| yd jdKsc lghq;= 171.0 178.0 449.1 541.7 515.4 625.4 727.0 840.0 891.7 949.7 956.4 1,067.5
md˙fNda.sl lghq;= ms<sn| wêld˙h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 159.5 226.4 250.0 287.7 292.0 292.0 375.0
cd;sl Ys,am iNdj ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 81.1 88.0 107.8 134.8 145.0 144.3 146.5
ù wf,ú uKav,h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 8.0 24.0 25.0 36.4 40.0 66.5 70.3 88.0 88.0 100.0
Y%S ,xld wmkhk ixjr®Ok uKav,h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 246.1 255.0 265.0 270.0 270.0 270.0 270.0
fjk;a 171.0 178.0 441.1 517.7 490.4 102.2 117.7 150.7 128.9 154.7 162.2 176.0

.ukd.uk yd ikaksfõok lghq;= ^w& 4,010.0 6,239.0 4,518.6 4,368.4 4,390.4 4,402.2 5,704.3 8,223.2 12,703.1 1,645.5 17,440.9 1,120.9
cd;sl .ukd.uk fldñIka iNdj ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 180.0 370.0 493.0 534.0 600.0 403.5 582.0
Y%S ,xld .=jka ú≥,s ixia:dj ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 134.5 127.9 225.0 350.0 365.0 365.0 350.7
Y%S ,xld uOHu .ukd.uk uKav,h 3,654.0 5,638.0 4,203.1 3,828.0 3,938.6 3,982.9 5,098.7 7,390.9 11,699.7 550.5 16,539.9 -
fjk;a 259.0 601.0 315.5 540.4 451.8 104.8 107.8 114.3 119.4 130.0 132.5 188.3

fjk;a 21,479.1 21,259.3 24,150.0 24,345.4 27,440.5 30,340.4 34,191.9 40,677.2 38,477.7 43,117.4 42,437.8 44,815.0
Y%S ,xld fn!oaO yd md,s úYaj úoHd,h 59.0 66.0 70.4 82.3 92.3 110.5 134.8 165.5 222.6 228.0 247.4 251.3
cd;sl wdOqksl;aj yd ldr®ñl mqyqKq wêld˙h 367.0 447.0 460.2 544.2 520.0 586.0 564.0 650.0 685.0 830.0 768.0 1,000.0
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh 224.0 241.0 236.5 240.0 225.9 223.4 226.8 250.0 338.0 345.0 304.5 430.0
cd;sl bx‚fkare mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok uOHia:dkh 129.6 132.0 139.5 130.8 129.4 144.8 161.0 164.5 198.2 263.0 214.8 288.0
cd;sl ;reK fiajd iNdj 477.0 522.0 515.9 507.0 560.0 572.0 589.3 634.7 820.0 800.0 850.0 930.0
Y%Su;a fcdaka fl;,dj, wdrlaIl úYaj úoHd,h 158.0 176.0 193.0 207.0 288.9 358.5 432.9 649.4 980.8 1,011.0 1,029.9 1,110.0
Y%S chjr®Okmqr frday, 687.0 737.0 775.0 775.0 837.0 843.3 999.6 1,700.6 920.1 1,300.0 1,300.0 1,300.0
úYaj úoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 14,611.0 1,041.1 1,165.5 1,747.8 2,654.0 1,704.5 550.0
fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 2,516.2 3,255.0 4,081.0 4,370.0 4,350.0 4,100.0
fld<U úYajúoHd,h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 1,490.7 1,918.0 2,238.0 2,462.0 2,397.0 2,500.0
Y%S chjr®Okmqr úYajúoHd,h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 1,541.9 1,856.0 2,360.0 2,419.0 2,537.7 2,700.0
le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 1,567.0 1,815.0 2,244.0 2,270.0 2,430.0 2,550.0
fudrgqj úYajúoHd,h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 1,045.9 1,280.0 1,579.0 1,728.0 1,724.0 1,950.0
hdmkh $ jõkshdj úYajúoHd,h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 1,037.9 1,337.0 1,722.0 2,021.0 2,007.0 2,200.0
reyqKq úYajúoHd,h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 1,400.8 1,695.0 2,152.0 2,214.0 2,242.6 2,200.0
Y%S ,xld jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wêld˙h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 850.0 836.6 925.2 1,162.0 1,275.0 1,286.5 1,305.2
fjk;a 12,713.5 11,778.3 13,227.8 14,117.5 16,496.9 15,506.8 18,605.6 21,215.7 6,037.8 16,927.4 17,043.8 19,450.5

tl;=j 29,794.0 32,830.0 33,845.2 34,087.9 37,767.3 41,429.0 45,240.8 57,022.9 61,256.4 55,713.6 70,903.6 57,262.6
^w& Y%S ,xld ≥ï˙h fomdr®;fïka;=j ^remsh,a ì,shk 6'9& iy ;eme,a fomdr®;fïka;=j ^remsh,a ì,shk 5'7& hk wdh;kj, fufyhqï w,dN we;=,;a fkdfõ' uQ,h( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 99 jeks ixLHd igyk
rdcH ixia:djkag iy jHjia:dms; uKav,j,g lrk ,o m%d.aOk mejreï
remsh,a ñ,shk
2016 2017
rdcH ixia:d iy wdh;k 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 wkqu; wkqu;
;djld,sl
weia;fïka;= weia;fïka;=
lDIsl¾u yd jdßud¾. lghq;= 2,093.8 1,564.0 1,190.8 1,745.4 1,881.7 1,748.4 2,610.7 3,893.3 2,618.3 4,150.3 3,033.9 4,114.9
fmd,a ixjr®Ok wêld˙h 137.5 127.0 75.2 96.4 49.4 100.5 71.8 102.6 84.9 110.0 89.0 120.0
fmd,a j.d ls¯fï uKav,h 335.5 335.0 267.3 432.5 571.7 259.0 400.8 499.4 456.6 600.0 561.3 750.0
fmd,a mr®fhaIK wdh;kh 83.5 52.0 62.2 70.0 82.7 50.7 62.7 66.8 76.0 100.0 53.6 100.0
YS% ,xld uyje,s wêld˙h 356.0 375.0 330.0 640.2 628.7 823.0 1,300.7 1,089.0 825.0 2,000.0 1,053.0 1,575.4
cd;sl jeú,s l<ukdlrK wdh;kh - 2.0 6.4 6.7 10.1 7.0 23.1 21.5 18.2 25.0 32.7 30.0
rnr® mr®fhaIK wdh;kh 52.0 28.0 25.8 27.6 31.9 46.0 53.4 68.0 63.6 84.8 84.8 80.0
Y%S ,xld lcq ixia:dj 47.0 51.0 45.0 38.1 40.5 28.0 48.7 39.5 35.0 40.0 40.0 80.0
Y%S ,xld lDIsldr®ñl mr®fhaIK m%;sm;a;s iNdj 46.8 32.0 16.1 15.4 28.2 20.0 16.3 20.4 1.0 20.0 8.8 20.0
f;a mr®fhaIK wdh;kh ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 50.1 87.3 86.0 79.7 85.0 71.0 95.0
l=vd f;a j;= ixjr®Ok wêld˙h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 199.0 294.8 476.3 650.0 700.0 674.3 800.0
fjk;a 1,010.0 542.0 347.1 406.6 420.4 165.1 251.1 1,423.8 328.5 385.5 365.5 464.5

n,Yla;s yd c,iïmdok lghq;= 16,523.9 20,164.0 20,200.5 19,060.4 22,108.1 27,321.1 22,840.2 23,193.5 5,239.9 3,542.5 13,925.8 2,457.7
Y%S ,xld mrudKq n,Yla;s wêld˙h 16.9 24.0 12.1 23.5 83.3 82.8 202.5 371.9 350.9 400.0 35.2 100.0
cd;sl c, iïmdok yd c,dmjdyk uKav,h 16,121.0 20,140.0 20,188.4 19,036.9 22,024.8 27,162.4 22,579.1 22,729.7 4,822.1 3,045.5 1,690.7 2,229.7
Y%S ,xld iqks;H n,Yla;s wêld˙h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 61.0 43.6 54.1 38.2 60.0 60.0 80.0
c, iïm;a uKav,h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 14.9 15.1 37.8 28.6 35.0 34.0 30.0
fjk;a 386.0 - - - - - - - - 2.0 12,105.9 18.0

ëjr lghq;= 473.0 380.0 267.7 288.1 374.6 237.8 277.8 295.0 350.0 450.0 903.0 505.0
,xld ëjr jrdh kS;s.; ixia:dj 259.0 135.0 106.2 144.3 133.5 96.1 76.0 100.0 110.0 120.0 145.0 220.0
cd;sl c,c iïm;a mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok wdh;kh 165.0 162.0 102.1 76.0 112.4 59.3 118.3 100.0 140.0 180.0 185.0 85.0
Y%S ,xld c,c iïm;a ixjr®Ok wêld˙h 33.0 44.0 34.4 44.1 60.0 82.4 83.5 95.0 100.0 150.0 150.0 200.0

ksIamdok yd le‚ï lghq;= 77.0 27.5 19.4 67.9 37.7 42.4 70.9 110.4 95.7 160.0 145.1 230.0
ldr®ñl ixjr®Ok uKav,h 71.6 23.0 17.0 60.6 29.0 18.0 25.0 35.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 70.0
ue◊la yd iajr®KdNrK mr®fhaIK yd wNHdi
wdh;kh ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 10.9 29.6 35.4 20.4 55.0 42.8 60.0
fjk;a 1.4 4.5 2.4 7.3 8.7 13.6 16.4 40.0 30.3 60.0 57.2 100.0

^iïnkaOhs&
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 99 jeks ixLHd igyk ^iïnkaOhs&

rdcH ixia:djkag iy jHjia:dms; uKav,j,g lrk ,o m%d.aOk mejreï

remsh,a ñ,shk
2016 2017
rdcH ixia:d iy wdh;k 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 wkqu; wkqu;
;djld,sl
weia;fïka;= weia;fïka;=
fjf<`o yd jdksc lghq;= 859.0 448.0 354.8 443.3 504.9 336.8 404.1 519.7 510.4 681.0 470.4 996.0
wmkhk ixjr®Ok uKav,h 405.0 395.0 272.4 266.3 200.4 186.7 229.0 253.0 192.8 250.0 100.0 260.0
ù wf,ú uKav,h 5.1 - 4.9 11.0 217.4 115.3 81.1 175.0 155.0 332.0 150.0 390.0
fjk;a 448.9 53.0 77.5 166.0 87.0 34.8 94.0 91.7 162.7 99.0 220.4 346.0

.ukd.uk yd ixksfõok lghq;= 42,033.3 49,495.0 78,600.4 85,867.3 92,209.9 135,863.5 131,409.8 129,949.6 180,813.9 122,308.8 150,580.7 118,164.1
cd;sl .ukd.uk fldñIka iNdj 90.0 159.0 285.0 78.9 54.1 32.0 48.5 137.0 151.0 147.0 48.9 100.0
udr®. ixjr®Ok wêld˙h 39,236.3 47,344.0 77,077.6 84,830.4 90,736.4 135,180.0 130,084.8 127,657.6 177,768.8 120,040.8 145,795.8 116,017.1
Y%S ,xld .=jka ú≥,s ixia:dj 95.0 62.0 83.7 100.0 175.5 65.2 28.7 218.0 230.3 200.0 185.3 220.0
Y%S ,xld uOHu .ukd.uk uKav,h 2,612.0 1,884.0 1,059.4 849.3 1,243.2 579.0 1,237.2 1,877.3 2,632.8 1,900.0 4,529.7 1,800.0
fjk;a - 31.0 15.7 8.7 0.7 7.3 10.6 59.7 31.0 21.0 21.0 27.0

fjk;a 12,085.0 10,344.8 9,407.6 12,023.8 15,179.8 10,456.8 13,083.5 17,526.7 50,556.1 54,094.3 47,696.6 37,171.3
cd;sl wdOqksl;aj yd ldr®ñl mqyqKq wêld˙h 75.0 117.0 58.7 102.9 355.5 331.0 121.7 195.5 59.4 120.0 94.4 120.0
cd;sl úoHd moku ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 152.4 135.1 236.9 234.8 250.0 231.8 260.0
cd;sl ;reK fiajd iNdj 12.0 36.0 44.9 42.3 149.5 185.1 489.5 613.0 420.0 450.0 475.0 500.0
Y%S chjr®Okmqr frday, ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 71.0 282.4 190.2 265.7 800.0 553.0 1,000.0
kd.˙l ixjr®Ok wêld˙h ,e'fkd' 337.0 1,261.2 544.8 1,032.0 270.0 1,025.0 1,346.8 1,070.6 1,500.0 607.9 1,000.0
úYaj úoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 4,341.0 152.1 299.3 238.6 3,067.0 195.3 400.0
fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 494.3 1,085.8 898.0 963.0 1,513.0 800.0
fld<U úYajúoHd,h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 359.2 628.1 615.0 572.0 632.0 400.0
Y%S chjr®Okmqr úYajúoHd,h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 454.6 947.6 875.0 1,186.0 1,197.2 800.0
le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 280.5 570.0 700.0 966.0 881.0 700.0
fudrgqj úYajúoHd,h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 261.8 714.0 640.0 1,505.0 1,353.5 800.0
hdmkh $ jõkshdj úYajúoHd,h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 465.9 1,140.0 721.0 1,251.0 1,181.0 700.0
reyqKq úYajúoHd,h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 499.5 608.0 535.0 847.0 985.0 700.0
jD;a;Sh ;dlaIK úoHd,h ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 76.0 96.1 77.6 206.0 143.0 155.5
fjk;a 10,162.0 8,933.7 4,269.9 7,727.6 9,658.7 5,073.0 7,986.1 8,855.4 43,205.5 40,411.3 37,653.6 28,835.8

tl;=j 74,145.0 82,423.2 110,041.2 119,496.2 132,296.7 176,006.8 170,697.0 175,488.2 240,184.3 185,386.9 216,755.5 163,639.1
uQ,h( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 100 jeks ixLHd igyk
uQ,H j;alï w;am;alr .ekSu i|yd Kh §u
remsh,a ñ,shk

2016 2017

rdcH ixia:d iy wdh;k 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 wkqu; wkqu;
;djld,sl
weia;fïka;= weia;fïka;=

1' ,xld ú≥,sn, uKav,h 19,552 16,808 14,180 22,397 22,372 29,401 20,108 15,521 81 254 289 309

2' Y%S ,xld jrdh wêld˙h 591 7,856 25,373 27,128 13,144 8,153 953 771 - - - -

3' fjk;a ^w& 2,969 6,589 13,479 4,907 8,972 6,337 5,841 10,464 14,511 10,145 16,688 10,211

tl;=j 23,112 31,253 53,032 54,433 44,488 43,891 26,901 26,756 14,592 10,399 16,977 10,520
^w& ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:djg iy foaYSh Kh yd ixjr®Ok wruqo,g ,nd≥ka Kh fuys we;=<;ah' uQ,h( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 101 jeks ixLHd igyk

rcfha Y=oaO uQ,H ysÕh mshùu

remsh,a ñ,shk

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
YSr®Ih ;djld,sl

1' Y=oaO uQ,H w;sßla;h ^+& $ ysÕh ^-& -262,252 -322,329 -486,626 -451,924 -455,207 -551,142 -612,599 -801,408 -980,776 -640,325
1'1 wdodhu iy m%∞k 614,329 708,596 746,359 858,372 973,476 1,030,128 1,098,355 1,169,543 1,413,318 1,725,278
1'2 úhou ^w& -876,581 -1,030,925 -1,232,984 -1,310,295 -1,428,683 -1,581,271 -1,710,955 -1,970,952 -2,394,094 -2,365,603

2' ysÕh mshùu 262,252 322,329 486,626 451,924 455,207 551,142 612,599 801,408 980,776 640,325
2'1 foaYSh uQ,Hkh 145,136 314,312 245,556 202,229 231,224 257,847 487,542 525,843 743,973 248,411
2'1'1 foaYsh fj<|fmd< Kh .ekSï 127,076 309,694 234,276 191,999 236,021 252,409 474,542 539,206 743,973 248,411
remsh,a Kh 18,833 - 1,904 - - - - - - -
wvql<d ( Rcq Kh wdmiq f.ùu 8,500 1,500 19,621 24,583 25,748 3,576 2,868 - 31,430 -
Y=oaO 10,333 -1,500 -17,717 -24,583 -25,748 -3,576 -2,868 - -31,430 -
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a 37,092 69,766 49,008 82,796 79,616 16,782 53,510 26,077 -26,375 98,482
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr 52,807 192,356 201,935 140,440 168,401 154,548 252,125 369,135 442,582 349,814
YS% ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr 23,592 65,497 7,564 11,073 5,268 18,359 140,277 20,968 222,967 -120,516
uy nexl= w;a;sldrï 11,664 15,629 -2,428 3,998 16,864 16,549 -2,125 34,731 7,234 -67,825
wfkl=;a Kh .ekSï nexl= wxYfhka ^wd& -3,025 -43,598 -2,918 -7,291 13,730 45,139 31,725 101,967 101,970 -19,926
uqo,a fYaI m%fhdackhg .ekSu -5,386 11,544 -1,169 -14,434 -22,109 4,609 1,898 -13,672 -4,405 8,383
2'1'2 wfkl=;a foaYSh Kh ^we& 18,060 4,618 11,280 10,230 -4,798 5,438 13,000 -13,363 - -
2'2 úfoaY uQ,Hkh 117,115 8,018 241,070 249,694 223,983 293,295 125,057 275,565 236,803 391,914
2'2'1 jHdmD;s Kh 72,871 114,600 146,717 163,860 174,523 228,808 164,191 188,025 257,870 254,559
wvql<d ( wdmiq f.ùï 39,108 47,762 66,059 55,360 63,632 80,958 95,655 96,634 126,617 145,266
Y=oaO 33,763 66,838 80,658 108,500 110,892 147,850 68,536 91,391 131,253 109,293
2'2'2 jHdmD;s fkdjk Kh 83,352 -58,820 160,412 141,194 113,092 145,445 56,521 184,174 105,550 282,620
fjf<| NdKav Kh 2,510 58 314 126 3,254 2,316 8,195 626 1,064 344
wvql<d ( wdmiq f.ùï 5,417 5,771 5,871 6,100 5,793 5,634 5,226 4,814 5,443 5,306
Y=oaO -2,907 -5,713 -5,557 -5,974 -2,539 -3,319 2,969 -4,188 -4,379 -4,963
fjk;a Kh ^wE& 105,848 14,970 208,755 163,893 144,995 255,700 156,664 270,023 262,162 306,117
wvql<d ( wdmiq f.ùï 19,589 68,077 42,786 16,724 29,364 106,937 103,112 81,661 152,233 18,534
Y=oaO 86,259 -53,107 165,969 147,169 115,631 148,764 53,552 188,362 109,929 287,583
^w& ksoka wruqo,a odhl °ukd" rdcH Kh wdmiq f.ùï iy cd;Hka;r uQ,H wdh;khkag lrk ,o odhl °ukd rcfha úhoï ixLHdj,ska bj;a fldg we;' ;jo" miq.sh uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
uqo,a jr®I j,° ork ,o iy uqo,a fhdojk ,o w;a;sldrï .sKqï lghq;= u; jQ mdvqj,ska Woa.;jk fmd;a .e<ms,s we;=<;a fkdfõ' tneúka" fuu ixLHd Y%S ,xld rcfha cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd wdr®:ßl lghq;= wud;HdxYh
.sKqïj, m<fldg we;s ixLHdj,g iudk fkdúh yelsh'
^wd& jd◊c nexl= úiska tl;= lr .ekSug we;s uqo,a YSr®Ihka" rcfha wdkhk ì,am;a" nexl= wxYh úiska rchg fok ,o whsrd iy jd◊c nexl=j, wlafjr< nexl= tallj,ska
,nd .;a Kh we;=<;ah'
^we& foaYSh m%∞k" m˙md,k Kh iy fjk;a fj<|fmd< fkdjk Kh o fuys we;=<;ah'
^wE& brdlh" Ökh" Tfmla iy cmdkfhka ,o uqo,a Kh" wdrlaIl WmlrK Kh" hQfrda uqo,a jdKsc Kh iy rch ksl=;a l< cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne`≥ïlr o we;=,;a h'
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 102 jeks ixLHd igyk
wd¾Ól j¾.SlrKhg wkqj rcfha wdodhu
remsh,a ñ,shk
2016 2017
YSr®Ih 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 wkqu; wkqu;
;djld,sl
weia;fïka;= weia;fïka;=
1' nÿ wdodhu 508,947 585,621 618,933 724,747 845,697 908,913 1,005,895 1,050,362 1,355,779 1,646,000 1,463,689 1,827,000
1'1 úfoaYSh fj<|du u; n≥ 84,406 112,336 137,260 130,749 162,071 184,634 191,815 198,483 244,231 286,050 302,538 337,880
wdkhk 55,987 63,844 79,560 64,163 79,811 80,155 83,123 81,108 132,189 125,000 156,487 165,500
wdkhk ;Sren≥ ^o<& 56,287 63,994 79,810 64,223 79,848 80,155 83,123 81,108 132,189 125,000 156,487 165,500
wvq l<d( ;Sre n≥ m%;sodk -300 -150 -250 -59 -37 - - - - - - -
jrdh iy .=jka f;dgqfmd, ixjr®Ok$ m%dfoaYSh há;,
myiqlï ixjr®Ok$úfYAI fj<| NdKav iy wfkl=;a n≥ 28,419 48,492 57,700 66,585 82,260 104,479 108,692 117,375 112,042 161,050 146,051 172,380
1'2 foaYSh NdKav yd fiajd u; n≥ 286,157 306,409 272,383 355,366 436,758 457,818 506,906 539,023 724,282 873,250 747,147 985,570
tl;= l< w.h u; noao 187,452 203,646 171,510 219,990 225,858 229,604 250,757 275,350 219,700 240,000 283,470 380,000
foaYSh 85,490 102,805 103,891 120,412 104,897 109,370 124,440 140,084 130,527 165,000 168,134 232,000
wdkhk 101,962 100,841 67,620 99,578 120,961 120,234 126,317 135,266 89,173 75,000 115,336 148,000
ksIamdok n≥ 96,675 100,970 97,604 129,864 204,822 223,960 250,700 256,691 497,652 556,235 454,952 579,035
u;ameka 23,723 27,434 28,525 36,654 55,286 60,086 66,008 69,100 105,264 140,000 120,238 175,500
≥ïfld<$is.rÜ 31,437 37,288 37,601 40,675 49,623 53,563 58,567 57,240 80,015 85,035 88,792 105,035
Lksc f;,a 17,126 18,977 23,018 28,038 22,470 28,466 27,131 28,732 45,092 40,000 55,719 55,000
fudagr® r: iy wfkl=;a 24,389 17,271 8,460 24,497 77,444 81,845 98,994 101,618 267,282 291,200 190,203 243,500
n,m;% .dia;= 2,030 1,793 3,269 5,512 6,078 4,254 5,449 6,983 6,929 77,015 8,726 26,535
1'3 Y=oaO wdodhu yd ,dN u; n≥ 107,168 126,541 139,558 135,623 157,310 172,563 205,666 198,115 262,583 251,700 258,857 334,550
iduQysl 55,650 63,693 66,751 75,208 98,748 91,888 100,649 98,183 162,019 145,200 164,592 192,200
iduQysl fkdjk 16,211 23,326 28,229 30,993 24,785 21,413 27,337 30,529 38,152 44,500 46,426 67,350
fmd,sh u; n≥ 35,307 39,522 44,578 29,422 33,776 59,262 77,679 69,402 62,412 62,000 47,839 75,000
1'4 uqoaor$fiia$iudc j.lSï$cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï iy wfkl=;a n≥ 24,030 31,925 61,696 92,165 85,326 93,898 101,508 114,742 124,683 235,000 155,147 169,000
1'5 yr n≥ 7,187 8,410 8,036 10,843 4,232 - - - - - - -
2' nÿ fkdjk wdodhu 56,104 69,639 80,711 92,532 122,165 142,547 131,552 144,844 99,099 176,970 222,374 183,300
2'1 jr®;k wdodhu 55,559 69,521 80,633 92,292 121,651 141,716 131,272 127,239 99,001 176,620 221,966 183,000
foam< wdodhu 23,867 27,323 43,991 58,147 71,730 103,669 75,686 73,828 39,055 73,040 131,198 90,520
n≥ l=,S 1,709 2,050 1,425 2,048 3,580 2,197 2,331 5,669 2,823 4,110 10,980 4,170
fmd,S 9,242 9,305 9,043 8,017 9,846 9,488 9,664 7,978 4,498 5,850 4,826 6,250
,dN yd ,dNdxY 7,682 7,365 11,982 31,301 34,351 46,761 35,169 46,814 29,798 48,580 108,160 72,600
cd;sl f,d;/hs uKav,h iy wfkl=;a mejreï 1,234 603 1,542 1,781 1,953 2,223 2,173 1,868 1,936 2,500 2,231 2,500
uy nexl= ,dN mejreï 4,000 8,000 20,000 15,000 22,000 43,000 26,350 11,500 - 12,000 5,000 5,000
iudc ixrlaIK odhl uqo,a 8,777 6,791 11,165 11,120 12,628 11,738 15,145 14,919 15,213 19,100 18,046 22,000
fiajd iy m˙md,k .dia;= 10,041 16,592 23,321 19,746 30,891 20,739 37,768 35,499 42,398 61,590 68,365 60,105
wfkl=;a 12,874 18,815 2,156 3,279 6,402 5,570 2,673 2,993 2,334 22,890 4,357 10,375
2'2 m%d.aOk wdodhu ^w& 545 118 78 240 514 831 280 17,604 98 350 407 300

tl;=j 565,051 655,259 699,644 817,279 967,862 1,051,460 1,137,447 1,195,206 1,454,878 1,822,970 1,686,062 2,010,300

^w& m%d.aOk NdKav úl=Kqï uQ,h( uqo,a wud;HdxYh

rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 103 jeks ixLHd igyk

wd¾Ól j¾.SlrKhg wkqj rcfha úhou iy wdmiq f.ùï wvql< miq Kh §ï

remsh,a ñ,shk
2016 2017
YSr®Ih 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 wkqu; ;djld,sl wkqu;
weia;fïka;= weia;fïka;=
1' mqkrdj¾;k úhou 622,758 743,710 879,575 937,094 1,024,906 1,131,023 1,205,180 1,322,898 1,701,658 1,717,239 1,757,782 1,946,000
1'1 NdKav yd fiajd i|yd úhou 292,632 360,328 379,731 388,286 451,604 487,833 512,624 568,829 772,563 757,722 746,250 838,336
jegqma yd fõ;k 214,160 239,078 271,229 300,558 319,601 347,747 393,228 440,982 561,730 581,341 576,471 615,000
isú,a m˙md,k 131,165 139,106 146,493 157,705 173,890 184,182 218,256 255,373 323,287 333,050 334,306 369,392
wdrlaIl 82,995 99,972 124,736 142,853 145,711 163,565 174,972 185,609 238,443 248,240 242,165 245,608
wfkl=;a NdKav yd fiajd ñ,° .ekSï 78,472 121,250 108,502 87,728 132,004 140,086 119,396 127,847 210,834 176,381 169,779 223,336
isú,a m˙md,k 27,141 50,025 46,080 39,978 75,525 96,415 78,117 52,383 144,079 116,863 108,286 158,148
wdrlaIl 51,331 71,225 62,422 47,750 56,479 43,671 41,279 75,463 66,755 59,519 61,493 65,188
1'2 fmd,S f.ùï 182,681 212,475 309,675 352,592 356,699 408,498 444,007 436,395 509,674 520,452 610,895 680,087
úfoaYSh 21,311 30,277 35,698 55,464 68,565 90,839 100,985 108,461 115,386 79,233 126,713 123,291
foaYSh 161,370 182,198 273,978 297,127 288,134 317,659 343,022 327,934 394,289 441,219 484,182 556,796
1'3 ixl%du f.ùï 147,445 170,908 190,168 196,216 216,602 234,692 248,549 317,674 419,420 439,065 400,637 427,577
l=gqïNj,g 110,910 131,342 148,993 156,194 171,438 187,895 195,288 251,665 345,483 371,392 317,153 358,613
m<d;a md,k wdh;kj,g 150 217 - - - - - - - - - -
uQ,H fkdjk rdcH jHdmdr i|yd 10,639 12,942 14,126 12,361 12,999 11,817 13,854 19,431 27,929 16,486 33,220 15,813
wdh;kj,g iy wfkl=;a 25,746 26,407 27,049 27,661 32,164 34,979 39,407 46,577 46,009 51,187 50,264 53,151

2' m%d.aOk úhou 206,162 232,607 277,416 302,087 377,812 400,082 454,303 459,855 588,175 859,482 577,036 697,780

2'1 ia:djr m%d.aOk j;alï 111,510 128,605 143,590 158,488 217,438 197,350 252,535 252,303 313,260 622,066 328,202 502,035
2'2 m%d.aOk mejreï 94,651 104,002 133,826 143,599 160,374 202,732 201,768 207,551 274,916 237,416 248,834 195,745
rdcH wdh;k 50,408 59,991 90,291 99,151 105,603 145,935 143,504 147,166 197,712 151,569 184,689 142,465
uQ,H fkdjk rdcH wdh;k 23,737 22,432 19,750 20,345 26,693 30,072 27,193 28,322 42,473 33,818 32,066 21,174
m<d;a md,k wdh;k 20,346 21,237 23,780 24,101 27,619 25,266 29,692 31,547 34,063 49,862 29,887 30,491
úfoaYhkg 160 341 5 1 459 1,459 1,379 516 668 2,167 2,191 1,615

3' wdmiq f.ùï wvq l< miq Kh §ï 12,684 19,809 44,936 41,025 30,464 25,394 9,913 13,112 561 1,399 -934 1,520

3'1 w;a;sldrï .sKqï u.ska Y=oaO Kh °ï 700 1,457 1,932 2,126 854 -2,088 -1,019 1,249 -1,070 5,000 708 5,000
3'2 rdcH jHjidhhka i|yd Kh °ï 23,112 31,253 53,032 54,433 44,488 43,891 26,901 26,756 14,592 10,399 16,977 10,520

3'3 rdcH jHjidhhkaf.a Kh wdmiq f.ùï -11,677 -13,526 -11,978 -15,535 -14,878 -16,409 -15,969 -14,892 -12,961 -14,000 -18,619 -14,000

3'4 m%;sjHqy.; ls¯fï úhoï 549 625 1,950 - - - -

tl;=j 841,604 996,126 1,201,927 1,280,205 1,433,182 1,556,499 1,669,396 1,795,865 2,290,394 2,578,119 2,333,883 2,645,300
uQ,h( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 104 jeks ixLHd igyk
wd¾Ól j¾.SlrKhg wkqj rdcH uQ,H lghq;=
remsh,a ñ,shk
2016 2017
YSr®Ih 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 wkqu; ;djld,sl wkqu;
weia;fïka;= weia;fïka;=
1' uqΩ¿ wdodhu iy m%odk 595,559 686,482 725,566 834,188 983,003 1,067,532 1,153,306 1,204,621 1,460,892 1,837,970 1,693,558 2,020,300
1'1 uqΩ wd∞hu 565,051 655,260 699,644 817,279 967,862 1,051,460 1,137,447 1,195,206 1,454,878 1,822,970 1,686,062 2,010,300
n≥ 508,947 585,621 618,933 724,747 845,697 908,913 1,005,895 1,050,362 1,355,779 1,646,000 1,463,689 1,827,000
n≥ fkdjk 56,104 69,639 80,711 92,532 122,165 142,547 131,552 144,844 99,099 176,970 222,374 183,300
1'2 m%∞k 30,508 31,222 25,922 16,909 15,141 16,071 15,859 9,415 6,014 15,000 7,496 10,000

2' úhou iy wdmiq f.ùï wvql< miq Kh §ï -841,604 -996,126 -1,201,927 -1,280,205 -1,433,182 -1,556,499 -1,669,396 -1,795,865 -2,290,394 -2,578,119 -2,333,883 -2,645,300

mqkrdjr®;k -622,758 -743,710 -879,575 -937,094 -1,024,906 -1,131,023 -1,205,180 -1,322,898 -1,701,658 -1,717,239 -1,757,782 -1,946,000
m%d.aOk -206,162 -232,607 -277,416 -302,087 -377,812 -400,082 -454,303 -459,855 -588,175 -859,482 -577,036 -697,780
wdmiq f.ùï wvql< miq Kh °ï -12,684 -19,809 -44,936 -41,025 -30,464 -25,394 -9,913 -13,112 -561 -1,399 934 -1,520
3' j¾;k .sKqï w;sßla;h ^ + & $ ysÕh ^ - & -57,707 -88,450 -179,931 -119,815 -57,044 -79,563 -67,733 -127,692 -246,779 105,731 -71,719 64,300
4' whjeh w;sßla;h ^ + & $ ysÕh ^ - & -246,045 -309,644 -476,361 -446,017 -450,180 -488,967 -516,090 -591,244 -829,502 -740,149 -640,325 -625,000
5' uQ,Hkh 246,045 309,644 476,361 446,017 450,180 488,967 516,090 591,244 829,502 740,149 640,325 625,000
5'1 úfoaYSh Kh ^Y=oaO& 100,908 -4,645 230,807 243,788 218,956 286,455 123,700 212,523 236,803 283,149 391,914 332,000
o< Kh .ekSï 165,022 116,964 345,523 321,972 317,745 486,824 327,693 395,632 521,096 426,592 561,020 509,960
Kh wdmiq f.ùï -64,114 -121,609 -114,716 -78,184 -98,789 -200,369 -203,993 -183,109 -284,293 -143,442 -169,107 -177,960
5'2 foaYSh Kh ^Y=oaO& 145,137 314,287 245,554 202,229 231,224 202,511 392,390 378,721 592,699 457,000 248,411 293,000
fj<|fmd< 127,077 309,669 234,274 191,999 236,021 202,511 379,390 392,084 592,699 457,000 248,411 293,000
nexl= fkdjk 111,308 114,437 185,247 193,891 44,171 70,984 82,414 265,155 300,858 275,000 108,456 261,000
o< Kh .ekSu 363,473 373,157 586,543 583,563 484,065 486,425 578,455 714,709 824,681 780,408 680,898 883,227
Kh wdmiq f.ùï -252,165 -258,720 -401,296 -389,672 -439,894 -415,441 -496,042 -449,554 -523,824 -505,408 -572,442 -622,227
nexl= 15,769 195,233 49,027 -1,892 191,850 131,527 296,977 126,929 291,841 182,000 139,955 32,000
Y=oaO Kh .ekSu 21,155 183,689 46,685 12,542 213,959 153,918 264,658 140,601 296,246 182,000 131,573 32,000
uqo,a fYaIhka m%fhdackhg .ekSu -5,386 11,544 2,342 -14,434 -22,109 -22,391 32,318 -13,672 -4,405 - 8,383 -
wksl=;a Kh .ekSï ^w& 18,060 4,619 11,280 10,230 -4,798 - 13,000 -13,363 - - - -
^w& foAYSh m%odk iy wfkl=;a fjf<|fmd< fkdjk Kh .ekSï o fuys we;=<;ah' uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd wdr®:ßl lghq;= wud;HdxYh
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 105 jeks ixLHd igyk

fkdmshjQ rdcH Kh ixhq;sh

remsh,a ñ,shk

uQ,dY%h 2016
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
;djld,sl
1' úfoaYSh Kh 1,326,487 1,448,734 1,760,467 2,024,583 2,329,280 2,767,299 2,960,424 3,113,116 3,544,031 4,045,796

1'1 jHdmD;s ^w& 1,087,359 1,261,304 1,362,806 1,461,729 1,640,117 1,846,772 1,938,909 1,904,599 2,180,388 2,361,118

1'2 jHdmD;s fkdjk 239,128 187,430 397,661 562,854 689,163 920,527 1,021,515 1,208,516 1,363,642 1,684,678

NdKav ^wd& 68,665 66,499 62,304 54,653 53,460 56,599 61,597 69,993 71,470 69,101

fjk;a ^we& 170,463 120,931 335,357 508,201 635,703 863,928 959,918 1,138,523 1,292,173 1,615,577
2' foaYSh Kh 1,715,198 2,140,228 2,400,955 2,565,662 2,804,085 3,232,813 3,832,825 4,277,783 4,959,196 5,341,507
2'1 remsh,a Kh ^wE& 131,509 130,009 112,292 87,709 61,961 58,386 55,518 55,518 24,088 24,088
2'2 NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ^b& 307,012 402,600 441,032 514,442 590,885 629,070 700,137 694,767 658,240 779,581
2'3 NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr ^B& 1,018,852 1,281,978 1,513,512 1,643,887 1,819,251 2,095,054 2,452,360 2,844,054 3,305,248 3,714,787
2'4 YS% ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr 86,459 158,805 168,079 173,877 183,845 222,994 369,215 391,083 668,458 572,199
2'5 uy nexl= w;a;sldrï 60,679 76,308 73,881 77,879 94,743 111,292 109,167 143,898 151,132 83,307
2'6 fjk;a ^W& 110,687 90,528 92,160 67,869 53,400 116,017 146,429 148,463 152,031 167,545

tl;=j 3,041,685 3,588,962 4,161,422 4,590,245 5,133,365 6,000,112 6,793,249 7,390,899 8,503,227 9,387,303

^w& m%;sixialrKh yd ixjr®Okh ms<sn| cd;Hka;r nexl=j" weu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh" lekvdj" fvkaudr®lh" uyck Ök iuQydKavqj" cr®uksh" tlai;a rdcOdksh" uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
bka†hdj" cd;Hka;r ixjr®Ok wdh;kh" wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=j" fkor®,ka;h" l=fõÜ" Tfmla" cmdkh" tlai;a wrdì tór® rdcHh" lD'ix'cd' wruqo," cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd wdr®:ßl lghq;=
iaúvkfha ielekaäfkaúiald tkaials,avd nekalkaia" fid,uka n%or®ia bkafldamfr®gâ ksõfhdar®la" bka≥ iqjia nexl=j ^î'tia'iS'B' m%xY&" isá nEkala bkagr®keIk,a wud;HdxYh
^we't'c'&" ´iafÜ%,shdj" Tiaá%hdj" fi!† wrdì wruqo," fydxfldx iy fld˙hdj iuÛ jQ Kh .súiqï u; mshùug b;s˙j we;s m%udKhka oelafõ' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& we't' ckmoh" lekvdj" cr®uksh" cmdkh" m%xYh" bka†hdj" b;d,sh" mlsia:dkh iy fkor®,ka;h iu. jQ Kh .súiqï u; ,nd.;a Khj,ska mshùug b;s˙j
we;s m%udKhka oelafõ'
^we& wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=j" tlai;a ckmoh" Ökh" cr®uksh" cmdkh yd Tfmla fj;ska ,o Kh uqo,a o ms<sfj<ska 2007 isg iy 2008 isg úfoaYslhkag ksl=;a
lrk ,o NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr iy NdKavd.dr ì,am;a" cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr iy wdrlaIl lghq;= iïnkaO fkdmshjQ Kh o we;=<;ah'
^wE& ksoka wruqo,a fjkqfjka l< taldnoaO wdfhdack wruqof,a wdfhdackhkays fj<| jákdlu ksfhdackh flfr®'
^b& úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhskag 2008 jifr® isg ksl=;a lrk ,o fkdmshjd we;s NdKavd.dr ì,am;a we;=<;a fkdfõ'
^B& 2012 ckjd˙ udifha° rcfha wdh;k úiska ,xld Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:djg ys`.j meje;s Kh mshùu i|yd ksl=;a lrk ,o
remsh,a ñ,shk 78"447 la jákd NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr" 2013 udr®;= udifha ° Y%S,xlka .=jka iud.ug m%d.aOkh iemhSu i`oyd ksl=;a
lrk ,o remsh,a ñ,shk 13"125 la jákd NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr iy úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhskag 2007 jifr® isg ksl=;a lrk ,o NdKavd.dr
ne∫ïlr we;=<;a fkdfõ'
^W& rdcH fyda wr®O rdcH wdh;k u.ska ,nd.kakd ,o úfoaYh
S Kh fya;f
= jka mek keÛ=Kq m˙md,k Kh.ekSï iy wlafjr< nexl= tallhkaf.ka ,nd .;a Khj,
fkdmshjQ fYaIh we;=<;a fõ'
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 106 jeks ixLHd igyk
rdcH Kh whs;sh ^j¾Ih wjidkhg& ^w&
remsh,a ñ,shk

ysñlre 2016
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
;djld,sl
1' foaYSh Kh ^wd& ^we& 1,715,198 2,140,228 2,400,955 2,565,662 2,804,085 3,232,813 3,832,825 4,277,783 4,959,196 5,341,507

1'1 nexl= wxYh 415,318 657,425 705,766 691,716 886,221 1,060,317 1,433,773 1,669,882 1,924,036 2,114,901

uy nexl=j 104,817 239,248 109,593 78,376 263,229 265,198 112,396 267,677 256,050 414,950

jd◊c nexl= 310,501 418,177 596,172 613,340 622,892 795,119 1,321,377 1,402,205 1,667,986 1,699,951

1'2 nexl= fkdjk wxYh 1,299,879 1,482,804 1,695,189 1,873,945 1,917,864 2,172,495 2,399,053 2,607,901 3,035,160 3,226,606
fj<|fmd< Kh 1,289,688 1,478,553 1,685,638 1,866,267 1,916,930 2,171,562 2,385,120 2,607,331 3,034,590 3,226,606
b;s˙ ls¯fï wdh;k 192,413 204,067 257,084 286,514 314,319 330,150 358,243 379,877 428,236 426,771
rCIK wruqo, 21,012 25,976 34,490 32,839 34,356 33,768 30,849 30,536 50,597 76,944
wr®:idOl yd úY%du wruqo, ^wE& 595,807 698,192 835,402 884,279 959,303 1,204,729 1,428,534 1,474,560 1,655,336 1,826,413
ks, wruqo, ^b& 107,480 107,234 132,485 167,374 161,568 178,900 202,118 221,584 252,615 271,630
fm!oa.,sl jHdmdr iy mqoa.,hka ^B& 372,976 443,084 426,177 495,261 447,385 424,015 365,376 500,773 647,807 624,848

fj<|fmd< fkdjk Kh 10,191 4,251 9,551 7,678 933 933 13,933 570 570 -
2' úfoaYSh Kh 1,326,487 1,448,734 1,760,467 2,024,583 2,329,280 2,767,299 2,960,424 3,113,116 3,544,031 4,045,796

tl;=j 3,041,685 3,588,962 4,161,422 4,590,245 5,133,365 6,000,112 6,793,249 7,390,899 8,503,227 9,387,303
^w& NdKavd.dr ì,am;a yd NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr oaú;Shsl fj<|fmd, .kqfokq i|yd .e<mqï lr we;' uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
^wd& 2008 jifr® isg úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhka úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk NdKavd.dr ì,am;a jákdlï we;=<;a fkdfõ' cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd wdr®:ßl lghq;= wud;HdxYh
^we& 2012 ckjd˙ udifha ° rcfha wdh;k úiska ,xld Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:djg ys`.j mej;s Kh mshùu i`oyd ksl=;a lrk ,o remsh,a ñ,shk 78"447la jákd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
NdKavd.dr ne`≥ïlr" 2013 udr®;= udifha ° Y%S,xlka .=jka .=jka iud.ug m%d.aOkh iemhSu i`oyd ksl=;a lrk ,o remsh,a ñ,shk 13"125 la jákd NdKavd.dr
ne`≥ïlr iy úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhskag 2007 jifr® isg ksl=;a lrk ,o NdKavd.dr ne`≥ïlr we;=,;a fkdfõ'
^wE& Ndrldr" iqNidOl" úY%du jegqma yd wr®:idOl wruqo,a iy fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo,
^b& uOHu wdKavqj" m<d;a md,k wêld¯ka" rcfha ixia:d" fomdr®;fïka;= yd wfkl=;a ks, wruqo,a
^B& NdKavd.dr ;ekam;= iy;slj, jákdlï" rdcH Kh ksoka wruqo,a ^wdfhdack wruqo, 1971 iema;eïnr®& yd cd;sl ksjdi ksoka wruqo, o fuhg we;=<;a ù we;'
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 107 jeks ixLHd igyk
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ysñlu ^w&
remsh,a ñ,shk
2016
ysñlre 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
;djld,sl
1' nexl= wxYh 113,782 251,453 197,532 223,351 355,552 373,753 447,004 401,792 445,418 575,528
1'1 uy nexl=j 44,964 163,584 37,451 2,993 169,797 154,005 3,053 123,496 104,754 331,389
1'2 jd◊c nexl= 68,818 87,869 160,081 220,358 185,756 219,748 443,951 278,296 340,664 244,139
2' nexl= fkdjk wxYh 193,231 151,146 243,499 291,091 235,333 255,317 253,133 292,975 212,822 204,052
2'1 fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo, 5,208 1 420 5,969 - 33,410 13,969 1,000 - 41,057
2'2 fjk;a wr®:idOl wruqo,a 166 55 - 15 1,279 122 45 - 162 77
2'3 b;s˙ ls¯fï wdh;k 32,046 20,791 42,677 52,541 58,733 61,972 68,328 47,945 67,766 18,049
2'4 rlaIK yd uQ,H iud.ï 8,623 10,988 7,192 12,072 11,010 19,097 28,629 47,461 47,388 57,918
2'5 fomdr®;fïka;= iy fjk;a ks, wruqo,a 29,481 16,431 21,452 20,636 5,968 2,566 8,114 10,986 7,570 7,616
2'6 fm!oa.,sl iy fjk;a 117,707 102,882 171,757 199,858 158,344 138,149 134,048 185,582 89,937 79,336
3' úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhka ^wd& - 6,358 40,410 57,317 70,123 80,184 73,916 55,500 5,045 12,816
tl;=j 307,012 408,958 481,441 571,759 661,008 709,254 774,053 750,267 663,285 792,396
^w& oaú;Shsl fj<|fmd< .kqfokq i|yd .e<mqï lr we;' uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
^wd& 2008 jifr® isg úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhka úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk NdKavd.dr ì,am;a jákdlï we;=<;a fõ' tuksid" fuu Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
o;a;hkauy nexl=fõ jdr®Isl jdr®;dfõ 105 m˙YsIag ixLHd igyfkys we;s o;a;hkaf.ka fjkiafõ'

rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 108 jeks ixLHd igyk
NdKavd.dr ne÷ïlrj, ysñlu ^w& ^wd&
remsh,a ñ,shk
2016
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
ysñlre ;djld,sl
1' nexl= wxYh 58,416 90,082 188,576 162,215 206,547 244,770 386,398 595,067 517,613 731,942
1'1 jd◊c nexl= 58,416 90,082 188,576 162,215 206,547 244,770 386,398 595,067 517,613 731,942
2' nexl= fkdjk wxYh 960,436 1,191,897 1,324,936 1,481,672 1,612,704 1,850,284 2,065,962 2,248,987 2,787,635 2,982,845
2'1 fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo, 501,331 607,770 718,717 814,451 927,374 1,117,360 1,356,389 1,450,144 1,612,461 1,737,219
2'2 fjk;a wr®:idOl wruqo,a 7,862 9,507 13,766 19,872 7,550 30,639 35,031 315 42,713 48,060
2'3 b;s˙ ls¯fï wdh;k 134,994 164,457 195,588 221,805 246,418 261,309 285,915 327,932 358,470 406,722
2'4 rlaIK yd uQ,H iud.ï 21,215 26,410 33,194 33,624 34,410 31,711 26,636 42,742 58,808 87,124
2'5 fomdr®;fïka;= iy fjk;a ks, wruqo,a 69,588 90,778 21,949 36,963 37,006 37,596 187,904 210,598 245,045 264,014
2'6 fm!oa.,sl iy fjk;a 225,446 292,975 341,722 354,957 359,946 371,669 174,087 217,255 470,138 439,707
3' úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhka ^we& 49,647 17,647 145,124 183,538 199,531 317,604 403,486 401,710 298,734 247,222
tl;=j 1,068,499 1,299,625 1,658,636 1,827,425 2,018,782 2,412,657 2,855,846 3,245,764 3,603,982 3,962,009
^w& oaú;Shsl fj<|fmd< .kqfokq i|yd .e,mqï lr we;' uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
^wd& 2012 ckjd˙ udifha° rcfha wdh;k úiska ,xld Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:djg ys`.j meje;s Kh mshùu i|yd ksl=;a lrk ,o Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
remsh,a ñ,shk 78"447 la jákd NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr iy 2013 udr®;= udifha ° Y%S,xlka .=jka iud.ug m%d.aOkh iemhSu i`oyd
ksl=;a lrk ,o remsh,a ñ,shk 13"125 la jákd NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr we;=<;a fkdfõ'
^we& 2007 jifr® isg úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhka úiska ñ<° f.k we;s NdKavd.dr ne`≥ïlr jákdlï we;=<;a fõ' tuksid" fuu o;a;hka
uy nexl=fõ jdr®Isl jdr®;dfõ 105 m˙YsIag ixLHd igyfkys we;s o;a;hkaf.ka fjkiafõ'

rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 109 jeks ixLHd igyk
remsh,a Kh ysñlï
remsh,a ñ,shk
2016
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
ysñlre ;djld,sl

1' nexl= wxYh - jd◊Ksc nexl= 15,870 15,870 17,251 17,615 16,234 15,870 15,870 15,870 15,870 15,870
2' nexl= fkdjk wxYh 115,639 114,139 95,040 70,094 45,727 42,516 39,648 39,648 8,218 8,218
2'1 b;s˙ ls¯fï wdh;k 19,938 18,820 18,820 12,168 9,168 6,868 4,000 4,000 2,000 2,000
2'2 fomdr®;fïka;= iy fjk;a ks, wruqo,a ^w& 8,410 8,400 6,111 6,103 6,101 5,190 6,101 6,101 - -
2'3 fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo, 68,921 68,539 56,583 40,921 23,100 23,100 23,100 23,100 - -

2'4 fjk;a wr®:idOl wruqo,a 12,320 12,327 11,417 10,369 7,358 7,358 6,447 6,447 6,218 6,218
2'5 fjk;a ^wd& 6,050 6,053 2,110 533 - - - - - -
tl;=j 131,509 130,009 112,292 87,709 61,961 58,386 55,518 55,518 24,088 24,088
^w& fiajl Ndrldr wruqo, o we;=<;a fõ' uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
^wd& iuQmldr nexl=" fjk;a iud.ï" iudc wdh;k iy mqoa.,hka we;=<;a fõ' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 110 jeks ixLHd igyk
ysñlï wkqj fkdmshjQ úfoaY Kh
remsh,a ñ,shk

2016
uQ,h 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
;djld,sl

1' nyqmd¾Yùh 580,719 618,181 665,040 674,936 721,916 844,292 903,540 887,960 994,430 1,076,549
wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=j 292,151 317,763 344,661 358,872 383,461 448,421 478,796 471,762 533,806 569,686
hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=j 15,326 18,010 20,463 18,792 18,054 23,438 23,248 21,133 29,728 27,518
m%' ix' cd' nexl=j 231 240 - - - 322 4,530 6,987 10,382 27,760
cd;Hka;r ixjr®Ok ix.uh 258,748 267,475 284,074 281,217 302,244 349,997 373,085 363,052 391,149 417,636
lDIsldr®ñl ixjr®Ok cd;Hka;r wruqo, 8,719 9,052 10,309 11,032 13,007 16,013 17,419 17,098 18,631 21,520
Tfmla 2,357 2,355 2,173 1,913 2,052 2,699 2,998 4,783 7,547 9,309
fkdar®äla ixjr®Ok wruqo, 3,188 3,285 3,360 3,110 3,099 3,403 3,464 3,145 3,187 3,119

2' oaúmd¾Yùh 564,500 666,533 684,750 739,213 842,804 1,035,907 823,180 793,196 888,971 945,754
lekvdj 9,852 7,718 8,488 8,134 7,701 8,269 7,409 6,339 5,373 5,275
m%xYh ^w& 10,255 12,424 15,021 18,427 19,503 24,273 26,861 24,698 25,406 24,448
cr®uksh 65,977 61,528 58,279 50,263 47,547 51,164 52,112 43,342 40,726 39,145
bka†hdj 14,843 15,294 17,902 17,292 41,927 78,322 102,843 119,982 137,413 142,277
cmdkh 327,711 426,936 426,767 478,931 529,013 547,515 468,366 416,408 457,483 486,199
l=fõgh 3,855 4,649 5,103 5,237 5,799 6,194 5,749 5,357 6,765 7,774
fkor®,ka;h 1,455 751 291 87 - - - - - -
uyck Ök iuqydKavqj 22,668 29,688 46,641 56,459 59,497 67,434 67,154 87,743 117,284 131,604
ijq† wrdì wruqo, 749 1,217 2,328 2,338 2,544 2,648 3,868 4,982 10,724 13,255
wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh 52,797 50,708 46,952 42,414 40,318 41,386 38,854 35,246 34,594 31,798
fjk;a 54,339 55,619 56,978 59,633 88,957 208,702 49,963 49,100 53,205 63,978

3' uQ,H fj<|fmd< 181,268 164,020 410,676 610,433 764,560 887,100 1,233,704 1,431,959 1,660,630 2,023,493
˙.aia keIk,a nexl=j 3,746 3,674 3,476 3,140 2,984 3,064 2,922 2,651 2,607 2,336
bka≥ iQjia nexl=j ^m%xY iy iafgdlafydaï& 16 - - - - - - - - -
nEkalr®ia g%iaÜ iud.u 685 634 560 466 399 356 275 184 101 -
fid,uka n%or®ia bkafldamfr®gr®â ksõfhdar®la 462 374 270 157 54 - - - - -
isá nEkala$fklais 24,637 11,314 - - - - - - 201 -
Ök wdkhk - wmkhk nexl=j ^wd& - - - - - - - 146,262 192,889 242,416
fjk;a ^we& 151,722 148,024 406,370 606,670 761,124 883,680 1,230,507 1,282,863 1,464,832 1,778,741

tl;=j 1,326,487 1,448,734 1,760,467 2,024,583 2,329,280 2,767,299 2,960,424 3,113,116 3,544,031 4,045,796
^w& uQ,H wdh;kj,ska ,o Kh we;=<;ah' uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
^wd& rchg wh;a jd◊c jHjidhka hgf;a we;s jHdmD;sj, fkdmshjQ Kh we;=<;a fkdfõ' cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd wdr®:ßl lghq;= wud;HdxYh
^we& wdrlaIl wxYfha fkdmshjQ Kh" úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhskag ksl=;a l< NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr ^2007 isg& Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
iy NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ^2008 isg&" rch úiska ksl=;a l< cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr iy Ök tlaisï
nexl=fjka ,nd.;a fkdmshjQ Kh we;=<;a fõ'
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 111 jeks ixLHd igyk

úfoaY Kh - 2016
remsh,a ñ,shk
foieïnr®
j.lSfï Y=oaO
iajrEmh iy uQ,h o< ,eîï wdmiq f.ùï wjidkhg
fjkiaùï ^w&
j.lSï
1' jHdmD;s Kh 229,269 123,883 192,708 2,373,097
wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=j 49,315 22,738 37,639 564,413
´iafÜ%,shdj 431 1,661 -761 11,596
Tiaá%hdj 1,102 2,143 -1,128 15,175
lekvdj - 305 -40 3,801
Ökh ^wd& 61,744 24,133 61,695 365,734
fvkaudr®lh - 2,658 -2,875 9,453
hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=j - 2,352 -2,210 27,518
mska,ka;h - 362 -354 1,622
m%xYh 339 2,543 -1,657 29,758
cr®uksh 786 2,193 -1,295 34,329
fydxfldx - 1,022 -930 635
bka†hdj 6,048 5,138 5,751 126,486
cd;Hka;r ixjr®Ok ix.uh 34,367 11,588 26,750 407,195
cmdkh 22,501 29,813 28,618 486,808
fld˙hdj 2,734 1,148 2,303 48,683
l=fõgh 1,168 516 1,009 7,774
fkor®,ka;h 6,960 3,247 4,566 33,496
cd;Hka;r ixjr®Okh i|yd jQ Tfmla wruqo, 1,795 334 1,762 9,309
fi!† wrdì wruqo, 2,051 829 2,531 13,255
iamd[a[h 4,283 711 3,551 12,319
iaùvkh 307 1,228 -231 20,219
tlai;a rdcOdksh 6,624 3,587 2,257 43,803
wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh 2,401 2,202 1,340 20,604
fjk;a 24,315 1,432 24,415 79,114

2' jHdmD;s fkdjk Kh 509,958 34,490 309,057 1,672,699

2'1 NdKav Kh 344 5,306 -3,317 44,343
lekvdj - 163 -58 1,475
m%xYh - 1 -1 -
bka†hdj 344 1,846 -887 15,791
mdlsia:dkh - 570 -444 3,145
cr®uksh - 283 -267 4,450
fkor®,ka;h - - - -
wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh - 2,443 -1,660 19,483
cmdkh - - - -
2'2 fjk;a Kh 509,615 29,183 312,374 1,628,356
wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=j - 2,069 -1,759 5,273
Ñkh 2,627 430 2,152 8,286
wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh - - - -
cr®uksh - 20 -19 367
cmdkh - - - -
fjk;a ^we& 506,988 26,664 311,999 1,614,429
igyk ( úksuh wkqmd;fha úp,kfhka we;s jQ n,mEu ^wE& 161,697
tl;=j ^b& 739,227 158,372 501,765 4,045,796
^w& jr®.SlrKfha fjkialï ksid fuu o;a;hka uy nexl= jdr®Isl jdr®;dfõ 104 fjks m˙YsIaG ixLHd igyfkys we;s uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
o;a;hkaf.ka fjkia úh yelsh' cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd wdr®:ßl
^wd& rcfha jdKsc jHjidhhka hgf;a we;s jHdmD;sj, fkdmshjQ Kh fuhg we;=,;a fkdfõ' lghq;= wud;HdxYh
^we& úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhkag ksl=;a l< NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr ^2007 isg& iy NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ^2008 isg& iy rch úiska Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
ksl=;a l< cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr o we;=<;a fõ'
^wE& úksuh wkqmd;fha úp,kh ksid jQ n,mEuo fuhg we;=<;ah'
^b& 2016 jir wjidkhg ;snQ wdrlaIl wxYfha fkdmshjQ Kh o we;=<;a fõ'
 rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 112 jeks ixLHd igyk
Y=oaO úfoaYdOdr ,eîï ^w&
remsh,a ñ,shk
2016
iajrEmh iy uQ,h 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
;djld,sl
1' Kh 129,633 8,019 110,585 211,106 215,163 268,263 141,653 264,021 321,814 419,249

wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=j 8,346 16,845 16,962 22,477 15,398 20,477 17,129 11,702 18,315 24,507

´iafÜ%,shdj -900 -982 -1,099 345 2,991 - -255 -2,042 -573 -1,636

lekvdj -448 -576 -427 -477 -478 -570 -555 -509 -459 -468

Ökh ^wd& 16,856 3,445 32,522 11,098 612 82,892 61,531 26,942 39,228 39,807

isá nEkala bkagkeIk,a -153 -11,191 -11,428 - - -182 - -183 -194 -205

fvkaudr®lh 3,541 5,118 4,098 -412 -706 -777 -335 -2,163 -2,152 -2,315

m%xYh -664 1,053 1,330 4,914 1,137 2,037 1,071 334 341 -1,288

cr®uksh -3,341 -3,968 -4,887 -2,530 -2,840 -2,962 -2,860 -2,855 -1,989 -1,710

m%'ix'cd' nexl=j - - - - - 335 - 2,435 2,497 16,472

cd;Hka;r ixjr®Ok ix.uh 2,768 4,189 10,484 9,596 14,386 12,549 7,845 10,811 5,050 22,427

lDIsldr®ñl" ixjr®Ok cd;Hka;r wruqo, 246 155 809 763 1,630 1,422 - 333 216 2,728

bka†hdj -47 -514 2,325 -69 21,661 32,042 21,885 12,016 4,324 -592

cmdkh -577 255 3,976 10,373 12,619 14,340 6,306 5,348 -943 -7,312

fld˙hdj 2,184 806 306 3,536 2,454 4,669 3,801 1,688 1,858 1,586

l=fõgh -207 428 431 76 165 -309 -601 -209 887 652

fkor®,ka;h 1,459 961 192 -176 -91 - 5,786 - - -

cd;Hka;r ixjr®Okh i`oyd jQ Tfmla wruqo, 143 -90 -233 -204 84 365 225 1,723 1,909 1,461
fi!† wrdì wruqo, 402 149 788 -78 -129 -185 1,119 1,068 1,654 1,221
fid,uka n%or®ia bkafldamfr®gâ - -103 -108 -106 -106 -62 - - - -
ksõfhdar®la
tlai;a rdcOdksh -395 18,577 -3,471 8,360 -499 -1,622 2,090 3,996 -397 -2,186

weu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh -4,700 -4,525 -4,815 -3,167 -3,129 -3,675 -3,685 -4,023 -3,932 -4,070

fjk;a 105,120 -22,013 62,828 146,786 150,003 107,479 21,156 197,609 256,174 330,170

2' m%odk 30,508 31,222 25,922 16,909 18,819 19,708 7,768 10,545 10,318 7,977

wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=j 2,766 3,757 4,648 4,026 2,254 1,241 294 935 220 -

hqfrdamSh wdr®:sl yjq, - 2,619 3,765 1,416 184 - - - - -

cr®uksh 7,785 3,437 893 73 137 - 287 147 347 590

cmdkh 3,600 1,637 1,791 2,565 2,084 3,600 1,570 2,181 958 1,017

fkor®,ka;h 25 - 5,964 1,514 702 - - - - -

fkdar®fõ 57 5 20 - - - - - - -

iaùvkh 1,537 148 - - - - - - - -

iaúÜir®,ka;h 211 57 - 171 - - - - - -

tlai;a rdcOdksh 328 - - - - - - - - -

tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ix.uh 1,735 - 964 2,970 8,009 7,178 1,748 38 806 1,185

wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh 3,574 3,389 416 1,108 2,030 3,094 1,231 1,331 - 3,570
fjk;a 8,890 16,173 7,461 3,066 3,419 4,595 2,638 5,913 7,987 1,615
tl;=j 160,141 39,241 136,507 228,015 233,982 287,971 149,421 274,566 332,132 427,226
^w& jr®.SlrKfha fjkialï ksid fuu o;a;hka uy nexl= jdr®Isl jdr®;dfõ 101 fjks m˙YsIaG ixLHd uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
igyfkys we;s o;a;hkaf.ka fjkia úh yelsh' cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd wdr®:ßl lghq;= wud;HdxYh
^wd& 2012 jifr® isg rchg wh;a jd◊c jHjidhhka i`oyd Ökfhka ,o Y=oaO úfoaYdOdr ,eîï we;=<;a Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
fkdfõ'
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 113 jeks ixLHd igyk
fkdmshjQ rdcH Kh ^jir wjidkfha§& ^w&
remsh,a ñ,shk
2016
uQ,h 2012 2013 2014 2015
;djld,sl
uqΩ¿ foaYSh Kh 3,232,813 3,832,825 4,277,783 4,959,196 5,341,507
flá ld,Sk 813,272 909,156 941,162 913,291 968,396
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ^wd& 629,070 700,137 694,767 658,240 779,581
uy nexl= ;djld,sl w;a;sldrï 111,292 109,167 143,898 151,132 83,307
jd◊c nexl= i;= fkdmshjQ wdkhk ì,am;a 18,340 23,960 25,542 4 -
nexl= ;ekam;= .e,mqï l< miq nexl= wxYhg we;s fjk;a j.lSï 53,638 61,959 76,386 103,345 105,508
fjk;a 933 13,933 570 570 -
ue† yd †.= ld,Sk 2,419,541 2,923,670 3,336,620 4,045,905 4,373,111
remsh,a Kh 58,386 55,518 55,518 24,088 24,088
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr ^we& 2,095,054 2,452,360 2,844,054 3,305,248 3,714,787
YS% ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr 222,994 369,215 391,083 668,458 572,199
fjk;a 43,107 46,577 45,966 48,111 62,037
Kh WmlrK wkqj 3,232,813 3,832,825 4,277,783 4,959,196 5,341,507
remsh,a Kh 58,386 55,518 55,518 24,088 24,088
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a ^wd& 629,070 700,137 694,767 658,240 779,581
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr ^we& 2,095,054 2,452,360 2,844,054 3,305,248 3,714,787
YS% ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr 222,994 369,215 391,083 668,458 572,199
;djld,sl w;a;sldrï 111,292 109,167 143,898 151,132 83,307
fjk;a 116,017 146,429 148,463 152,031 167,545
wdh;k wkqj 3,232,813 3,832,825 4,277,783 4,959,196 5,341,507
nexl= 1,060,317 1,433,773 1,669,882 1,924,036 2,114,901
uy nexl=j
Kh WmlrK wkqj 265,198 112,396 267,677 256,050 414,950
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a 154,005 3,053 123,496 104,754 331,389
;djld,sl w;a;sldrï 111,292 109,167 143,898 151,132 83,307
fjk;a -99 176 282 164 254
jd◊c nexl=
Kh WmlrK wkqj 795,119 1,321,377 1,402,205 1,667,986 1,699,951
remsh,a Kh 15,870 15,870 15,870 15,870 15,870
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a 219,748 443,951 278,296 340,664 244,139
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr 244,770 386,398 595,067 517,613 731,942
YS% ,xld ixjr®Ok ne∫ïlr 222,994 369,215 391,083 668,458 572,199
fjk;a 91,737 105,943 121,890 125,382 135,802
wdh;k wkqj 795,119 1,321,377 1,402,205 1,667,986 1,699,951
rdcH nexl= 283,426 435,111 527,641 507,164 506,647
fjk;a 511,693 886,266 874,564 1,160,822 1,193,304
nexl= fkdjk wxYh
Kh WmlrK wkqj 2,172,495 2,399,053 2,607,901 3,035,160 3,226,606
remsh,a Kh 42,516 39,648 39,648 8,218 8,218
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a 255,317 253,133 292,975 212,822 204,052
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr 1,850,284 2,065,962 2,248,987 2,787,635 2,982,845
fjk;a ^wE& 24,379 40,310 26,291 26,485 31,490
wdh;k wkqj 2,172,495 2,399,053 2,607,901 3,035,160 3,226,606
cd;sl b;s˙ ls¯fï nexl=j 330,150 358,243 379,877 428,236 426,771
b;s˙ ls¯fï wdh;k yd mqoa.,hka 408,827 350,562 441,106 592,208 556,750
fiajl wr®:idOl wruqo, 1,173,870 1,393,458 1,474,244 1,612,461 1,778,276
rlaIK wdh;k 33,768 30,849 30,536 50,597 76,944
uQ,H iud.ï 17,040 27,839 59,667 50,599 68,097
fjk;a 208,841 238,102 222,470 296,060 319,767
m˙md,k Kh 933 13,933 570 570 -
fomdr®;fïka;= ks, wruqo,a iy fjk;a 207,908 224,169 221,900 295,490 319,767

uqΩ¿ úfoaYSh Kh ^b& 2,767,299 2,960,424 3,113,116 3,544,031 4,045,796

iajrEmh wkqj 2,767,299 2,960,424 3,113,116 3,544,031 4,045,796
jHdmD;s Kh 1,846,772 1,938,909 1,904,599 2,180,388 2,361,118
jHdmD;s fkdjk Kh 920,527 1,021,515 1,208,516 1,363,642 1,684,678
NdKav Kh 56,599 61,597 69,993 71,470 69,101
fjk;a 863,928 959,918 1,138,523 1,292,173 1,615,577
wdh;k wkqj 2,767,299 2,960,424 3,113,116 3,544,031 4,045,796
iykodhS Kh 1,369,568 1,492,842 1,490,978 1,729,895 1,897,680
nyqmdr®Yùh 670,692 716,792 704,044 794,485 855,998
oaúmdr®Yùh 698,876 776,050 786,934 935,410 1,041,682
iyk∞hS fkdjk Kh 455,069 460,475 457,668 507,047 538,859
nyq mdr®Yùh 173,600 186,749 183,917 199,945 220,551
oaúmdr®Yùh 281,469 273,727 273,751 307,102 318,308
jd◊c Kh 942,662 1,007,107 1,164,470 1,307,089 1,609,257
cd;Hka;r iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr 445,063 457,636 655,243 958,014 1,220,870
wfkajdisl NdKavd.dr ì,am;a wdfhdack 80,184 73,916 55,500 5,045 12,816
wfkajdisl NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr wdfhdack 317,604 403,486 401,710 298,734 247,222
fjk;a ^B& 99,812 72,070 52,017 45,296 128,350
fkdmshjQ uq¿ rdcH Kh 6,000,112 6,793,249 7,390,899 8,503,227 9,387,303
igyk( rcfha wemlr u; ,ndf.k we;s Kh m%udKh ^W& 379,190 326,826 440,329 382,218 497,059
^w& NdKavd.dr ì,am;a yd NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr oaú;Shl fjf<|fmd< .kqfokq i|yd .e<mqï lr we;' uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
^wd& úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhska 2008 jifr® isg ork ,o NdKavd.dr ì,am;a we;=<;a fkdfõ' cd;sl m%;sm;a;s
^we& 2007 jifr® isg úfoaYhS wdfhdaclhska úiska ork ,o NdKavd.dr ne`≥ïlr" 2012 ckjd˙ udifha° rcfha wdh;k úiska ,xld Lksc f;,a kS;s.;
yd wdr®:ßl lghq;=
ixia:djg ys`.j meje;s Kh mshùu i|yd ksl=;a lrk ,o remsh,a ñ,shk 78"447 la jákd NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr iy 2013 udr®;= udifha ° Y%S,xlka
.=jka iud.ug m%d.aOkh iemhSu i`oyd ksl=;a lrk ,o remsh,a ñ,shk 13"125 la jákd NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr we;=<;a fkdfõ'ksoka wruqo, we;=<;a wud;HdxYh
fõ' Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wE& ksoka wruqo,a we;=,;a fõ'
^b& rch i;= jdKsc jHjidhhka hgf;a mj;sk fkdmshjQ jHdmD;s Kh we;=,;a fkdfõ'
^B& wdrlaIl lghq;= iïnkaO fkdmshjQ Kh we;=<;a fõ'
^W& NdKavd.drh úiska ,nd ° we;s wemlr hgf;a rdcH wdh;k úiska ,ndf.k we;s fkdmshjQ Kh m%udKh
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 114 jeks ixLHd igyk
m<d;a iNdj, whjeh ;;a;ajh
remsh,a ñ,shk

2015 2016
YSr®Ih 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ^w& ;djld,sl

uqΩ¿ wdodhu 25,868 31,368 29,433 36,829 40,990 49,235 49,648 59,133 67,972 77,063
n≥ wd∞hu 21,473 25,992 24,907 31,049 34,658 41,657 42,569 52,569 61,476 69,269
NdKav yd fiajd u; n≥ 15,700 19,969 19,649 24,336 20,671 25,119 24,937 30,810 34,476 36,624
ms˙jegqï n≥$cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï n≥ 12,962 16,641 15,845 19,986 15,550 18,927 17,294 21,521 21,808 25,010
n,m;% .dia;= 2,695 3,269 3,757 4,280 5,030 5,144 6,592 8,199 10,688 9,620
fjk;a n≥ 43 59 46 70 91 1,048 1,051 1,090 1,980 1,994
foam< u; n≥ 5,773 6,023 5,258 6,713 13,987 16,538 17,632 21,759 27,000 32,645
n≥ fkdjk wd∞hu 4,395 5,376 4,526 5,780 6,332 7,578 7,079 6,564 6,496 7,793
,dN" ,dNdxY iy fmd,S 2,007 3,070 2,188 1,539 1,732 1,921 1,884 2,115 1,115 2,150
úl=Kqï yd .dia;= 2,388 2,306 2,338 4,241 4,600 5,657 5,195 4,449 5,381 5,643

uqΩ¿ úhou 113,067 120,011 130,260 145,491 157,373 161,341 185,241 216,824 269,586 273,615
jr®;k úhou 92,721 103,199 111,336 119,162 129,600 139,121 156,066 172,131 222,223 233,698
ldr®hhka wkqj jr®.SlrKh 92,721 103,199 111,336 119,162 129,600 139,121 156,066 172,131 222,223 233,698
m<d;a m˙md,kh 7,100 10,889 6,890 10,550 7,163 12,551 14,461 15,780 18,273 19,095
wdr®:sl fiajd 3,797 4,253 4,504 4,771 8,345 2,383 3,325 3,047 4,229 4,423
iudc yd m%cd fiajd iy wfkl=;a 81,824 88,057 99,942 103,841 114,092 124,187 138,280 153,304 199,721 210,180
wdr®:sl jr®.SlrKh 92,721 103,199 111,336 119,162 129,600 139,121 156,066 172,131 222,223 233,698
jegqma yd fõ;k 74,711 79,717 86,547 91,644 101,886 108,246 117,806 131,162 171,871 183,039
fjk;a 10,611 23,482 24,789 27,518 27,714 30,875 38,260 40,969 50,352 50,659
m%d.aOk úhoï 20,346 16,812 18,924 26,329 27,773 22,220 29,175 44,693 47,363 39,917
m%d.aOk NdKav w;am;a lr .ekSu 1,248 2,551 2,516 2,902 4,302 2,736 4,207 10,004 6,641 4,192
m%d.aOk mejreï 150 511 510 2,496 3,700 869 173 245 701 632
m<d;a úfYaIs; ixjr®Ok jHdmD;s 9,058 8,578 10,945 11,683 9,953 5,901 6,429 9,136 13,345 12,177
úfYaI fhdackd l%u 9,253 2,603 3,393 7,439 7,973 11,452 18,100 16,826 16,965 12,234
fjk;a 637 2,569 1,560 1,809 1,845 1,263 268 8,481 9,711 10,682

uOHu rcfhka mejreï 88,317 88,942 93,999 107,032 116,383 112,106 135,593 157,691 201,614 196,552
iduQysl m%∞k 70,742 76,773 77,386 85,299 94,603 91,892 108,801 126,144 167,551 169,106
Wmudk mdol m%∞k 1,208 2,304 2,276 2,612 3,854 2,861 2,264 3,392 3,753 3,035
wkqrEms; m%∞k 205 - - - - - - - - -
m<d;a úfYaIs; ixjr®Ok m%odk 6,995 7,262 10,945 11,683 9,953 5,901 6,429 8,343 13,345 12,177
úfYaI fhdackd l%u i|yd m%∞k 9,167 2,603 3,393 7,439 7,973 11,452 18,100 19,812 16,965 12,234
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh"
m<d;a iNd iy m<d;a md,k wud;HdxYh
rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh iy rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 115 jeks ixLHd igyk

tAldnoaO whjeh ^w&

2016
YSr®Ih 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^wd& ;djld,sl
^we&
remsh,a ñ,shk

uq¿ wdodhu yd m%Þk 891,886 1,046,089 1,144,997 1,230,338 1,298,454 1,559,678 1,770,621
m%odk 16,909 15,141 16,071 15,859 9,415 6,014 7,496
uq¿ wdodhu 874,977 1,030,948 1,128,926 1,214,479 1,289,039 1,553,664 1,763,125
nÿ wdodhu 759,691 883,079 954,536 1,054,144 1,110,080 1,424,709 1,532,958
úfoaYSh fj<|du u; nÿ 130,749 162,071 184,634 191,815 198,483 244,231 302,538
foaYSh NdKav yd fiajd u; nÿ 426,867 493,690 522,365 573,533 615,262 804,643 841,213
tl;= l< w.h u; noao 219,990 225,858 229,604 250,757 275,350 219,700 283,470
ksIAmdok nÿ 129,934 204,913 225,008 251,751 257,781 499,632 456,946
msßjegqï nÿ$cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï noao 66,009 51,217 57,663 58,231 66,104 66,812 82,452
n,m;% .dia;= 10,934 11,702 10,090 12,794 16,028 18,499 18,345
Y=oaO wdodhï yd ,dN u; nÿ 135,623 157,310 172,563 205,666 198,115 262,583 258,857
uqoaor .dia;= 13,906 16,117 19,812 22,559 28,062 33,572 32,645
fjk;a 48,107 53,891 55,162 60,571 70,158 79,680 97,705

nÿ fkdjk wdodhu 115,286 147,869 174,390 160,336 178,959 128,955 230,167

j¾;k wdodhu 108,902 139,924 162,457 152,383 149,173 121,473 229,238
fmd,S" ,dN yd ,dNdxY 40,857 45,930 58,170 46,717 56,907 35,411 115,137
fiajd iy mßmd,k .dia;= 25,164 36,988 28,084 44,725 41,967 49,835 73,487
uy nexl= ,dN mejreï 15,000 22,000 43,000 26,350 11,500 - 5,000
fjk;a 27,881 35,006 33,203 34,592 38,799 36,227 35,614
m%d.aOk wdodhu 6,384 7,945 11,933 7,952 29,786 7,482 929

uq¿ úhou 1,339,237 1,494,325 1,633,994 1,746,429 1,889,698 2,389,180 2,410,946

mqkrdj¾;k úhou 982,583 1,072,084 1,195,144 1,267,238 1,384,385 1,772,522 1,822,374
jegqma yd fõ;k 321,508 342,956 380,830 420,283 466,588 605,120 615,770
wfkl=;a NdKav yd fiajd ñ,§ .ekSï 102,427 148,104 158,452 141,751 152,580 222,704 152,299
fmd<S f.ùï 352,592 356,699 408,498 444,007 436,395 509,674 610,895
ixl%du f.ùï 206,056 224,325 247,334 261,197 328,822 435,024 443,410

m%d.aOk úhoï 315,629 391,777 413,456 469,277 492,201 616,096 589,507

ia:djr m%d.aOk j;alï 170,337 221,237 211,454 271,765 281,507 334,522 332,394
m%d.aOk mejreï 124,361 150,769 183,387 175,148 176,250 241,553 222,020
fjk;a 20,931 19,771 18,616 22,364 34,444 40,021 35,093

wdmiq f.ùï wvql< miq Kh §ï 41,025 30,464 25,394 9,913 13,112 561 -934

tAldnoaO whjeh w;sßla;h ^¬& ysÕh ^-& -447,351 -448,236 -488,967 -516,090 -591,244 -829,502 -640,325
o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ^wE& ^b&
uq¿ wdodhu yd m%odk 13.9 14.5 13.1 12.8 12.5 14.2 15.0
nÿ wdodhu 11.8 12.2 10.9 11.0 10.7 13.0 12.9
nÿ fkdjk wdodhu 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.9
m%odk 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1
uq¿ úhou 20.9 20.7 18.6 18.2 18.2 21.8 20.4
mqkrdj¾;k úhou 15.3 14.9 13.6 13.2 13.4 16.2 15.4
m%d.aOk úhou 4.9 5.4 4.7 4.9 4.8 5.6 5.0
wdmiq f.ùï wvq l< miq Kh §ï 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 ... ...
tAldnoaO whjeh w;sßla;h ^¬& ysÕh ^-& -7.0 -6.2 -5.5 -5.4 -5.7 -7.6 -5.4
^w& uOHu rch" m<d;a iNd iy m<d;a md,k wdh;kj, whjeh lghq;= we;=<;a fõ' uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
^wd& ixfYdaê; m<d;a iNd iy m<d;a md,k
^we& m<d;a md,k wdh;kj, o;a; ilia fldg fkdue;s neúka uOHu rcfha iy m<d;a iNdj, o;a; muKla we;=<;a fõ' wud;HdxYh
^wE& ck f,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska kj mokï j¾Ih ^2010& hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;=
Wmfhda.Sfldgf.k we;'
^b& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska 2017 ud¾;= 15 Èk ksl=;a lrk ,o 2014 iy 2015 ixfYdaê; o'foa'ks'
weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh 116 jeks ixLHd igyk

uy nexl=fõ jHjydr uqo,a ksl=;=j ^jákdlu wkqj&

remsh,a ñ,shk
fkdaÜgq ^wd& ldis
jHjydr
ld,m˙Éf√oh
uqo,a re' re' re' re' re' re' re' re' re' tl;=j re' re' re' re' Y; Y; Y; Y; Y; Y; tl;=j
wjidkfha °
ksl=;=j ^w& 5"000 2"000 1"000 500 200 100 50 20 10 ^we& 10 5 2 1 50 25 10 5 2 1 ^wE&
2012 318,060 53,360 109,370 101,046 23,318 145 14,979 3,779 3,350 1,735 311,152 1,276 2,982 998 703 185 121 39 23 6 4 6,908
2013 339,771 90,585 87,799 105,386 23,668 138 15,332 4,041 3,726 1,639 332,382 1,673 3,035 1,014 714 186 121 39 23 6 4 7,389
2014 416,895 158,725 67,439 127,258 28,206 133 17,030 4,273 4,121 1,520 408,773 2,253 3,131 1,049 735 186 121 39 23 6 4 8,122
2015 491,700 247,912 38,974 133,244 31,656 131 18,979 4,672 4,883 1,450 481,969 3,346 3,474 1,156 795 185 121 39 23 6 4 9,731
2016 552,775 313,733 20,435 141,169 33,476 131 20,590 5,141 5,332 1,382 541,457 4,506 3,726 1,272 852 186 121 39 23 6 4 11,318

2015 ckjd˙ 412,521 161,630 64,264 122,590 28,262 132 17,410 4,292 4,166 1,516 404,331 2,296 3,145 1,055 738 186 121 39 23 6 4 8,190
fmnrjd˙ 419,014 166,607 61,929 126,126 28,382 132 17,477 4,288 4,210 1,512 410,731 2,362 3,160 1,061 742 186 121 39 23 6 4 8,283
udr®;= 455,811 181,014 65,444 140,101 31,691 132 18,411 4,595 4,434 1,504 447,394 2,454 3,188 1,071 747 185 121 39 23 6 4 8,417
wfm%a,a 449,140 180,474 61,597 135,987 31,995 132 19,325 4,875 4,651 1,502 440,607 2,533 3,210 1,079 752 185 121 39 23 6 4 8,533
uehs 437,796 180,588 58,696 129,571 30,005 132 19,064 4,861 4,686 1,495 429,168 2,603 3,226 1,085 755 185 121 39 23 6 4 8,628
cqks 438,491 186,450 56,391 127,224 29,829 132 18,657 4,761 4,751 1,488 429,753 2,680 3,249 1,092 759 185 121 39 23 6 4 8,739
cQ,s 455,962 201,679 55,209 129,715 30,724 132 18,663 4,678 4,733 1,482 447,084 2,774 3,281 1,100 764 185 121 39 23 6 4 8,878
wf.daia;= 464,030 212,748 52,181 129,736 30,794 132 18,592 4,583 4,713 1,477 455,023 2,852 3,318 1,109 769 185 121 39 23 6 4 9,007
iema;eïnr® 465,639 218,754 47,950 129,261 30,804 132 18,650 4,602 4,733 1,470 456,426 2,999 3,359 1,120 776 185 121 39 23 6 4 9,213
Tlaf;danr® 465,383 223,395 44,024 128,274 30,809 132 18,476 4,583 4,765 1,463 455,989 3,126 3,396 1,131 781 185 121 39 23 6 4 9,393
fkdjeïnr® 466,361 227,327 41,019 128,394 30,668 132 18,433 4,539 4,792 1,457 456,828 3,221 3,427 1,140 786 185 121 39 23 6 4 9,533
foieïnr® 491,700 247,912 38,974 133,244 31,656 131 18,979 4,672 4,883 1,450 481,969 3,346 3,474 1,156 795 185 121 39 23 6 4 9,731

2016 ckjd˙ 482,807 246,187 36,256 129,317 30,961 131 19,031 4,671 4,891 1,445 472,961 3,427 3,496 1,165 799 185 121 39 23 6 4 9,846
fmnrjd˙ 491,204 254,916 34,220 130,711 30,971 131 19,165 4,672 4,931 1,439 481,226 3,514 3,528 1,173 803 185 121 39 23 6 4 9,978
udr®;= 543,476 285,107 36,027 145,386 34,047 131 20,723 5,146 5,199 1,434 533,268 3,686 3,567 1,186 808 186 121 39 23 6 4 10,208
wfm%a,a 522,200 271,271 31,957 140,104 34,809 131 21,424 5,304 5,331 1,429 511,829 3,804 3,594 1,197 814 186 121 39 23 6 4 10,371
uehs 507,259 268,574 28,572 133,842 32,314 131 21,225 5,301 5,337 1,425 496,790 3,880 3,604 1,206 818 186 121 39 23 6 4 10,469
cqks 507,543 272,164 26,224 133,616 31,872 131 20,842 5,302 5,312 1,416 496,947 3,985 3,612 1,216 822 186 121 39 23 6 4 10,597
cQ,s 517,605 281,960 25,271 134,745 32,259 131 20,531 5,258 5,276 1,411 506,912 4,065 3,618 1,224 826 186 121 39 23 6 4 10,693
wf.daia;= 521,642 287,939 23,437 134,824 32,276 131 20,395 5,122 5,256 1,403 510,852 4,138 3,627 1,232 831 186 121 39 23 6 4 10,790
iema;eïnr® 524,215 291,424 22,562 134,371 32,812 131 20,207 5,075 5,253 1,400 513,304 4,237 3,635 1,242 836 186 121 39 23 6 4 10,911
Tlaf;danr® 520,299 292,240 21,557 132,123 31,665 131 19,892 4,975 5,214 1,394 509,260 4,333 3,650 1,253 842 186 121 39 23 6 4 11,040
fkdjeïnr® 518,593 292,702 20,166 131,375 31,417 131 19,955 4,992 5,213 1,388 507,408 4,424 3,689 1,263 847 186 121 39 23 6 4 11,185
foieïnr® 552,775 313,733 20,435 141,169 33,476 131 20,590 5,141 5,332 1,382 541,457 4,506 3,726 1,272 852 186 121 39 23 6 4 11,318
^w& uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 51 jeks j.ka;sh wkqj" ksl=;a lrk ,o jHjydr uqo,a m%udKhg uy nexl=j fj;e;s ldis yd fkdaÜgq we;=<;a fkdfõ' uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& remsh,a 20" remsh,a 1"000" remsh,a 500" remsh,a 200" remsh,a 2"000 iy remsh,a 5"000 jákdlï iys; uqo,a fkdaÜgq ms<sfj<ska" 1980 wf.daia;= 4" 1981 foieïnr® 23" 1982 fmnrjd˙ 9" 1998 fmnrjd˙ 4"
2006 Tlaf;danr® 17 iy 2011 fmnrjd˙ 4 jeks †k isg ksl=;a lrk ,°'
^we& remsh,a 5" remsh,a 2" remsh,a 1 uqo,a fkdaÜgq ksl=;= o we;=<;a ù we;' 2016 foieïnr® wjidkh jk úg fïjdfha jákdlu ms<sfj<ska" remsh,a ñ,shk 37'2 la" remsh,a ñ,shk 26'7 la iy
remsh,a ñ,shk 5'0 la f,i fkdfjkiaj mej;s◊'
^wE& 2016 foieïnr® 31 olajd ksl=;a lrk ,o iure ldis we;=<;a fõ' 2016 wjidkh jk úg remsh,a 100" remsh,a 500" remsh,a 1"000 iy remsh,a 5"000 ldisj, jákdlu ms<sfj<ska" remsh,a ñ,shk 5'4 la" remsh,a
ñ,shk 24'4 la" remsh,a ñ,shk 251'4 la iy remsh,a ñ,shk 43'8 la o" wfkl=;a jákdlñka hq;a iure ldis remsh,a ñ,shk 258'6 la o jYfhka mej;s◊'
uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh 117 jeks ixLHd igyk
uqo,a iuia; - M1 iy M2
remsh,a ñ,shk
jHjydr uqo,a b,aÆï ;ekam;= mgq uqo,a mqΩ,a uqo,a
uyckhd fj;e;s
tl;=j iemhqu iemhqu
ld,m˙Éf√oh rch fj;e;s uyckhd tl;=j rch fj;e;s nexl= fj;e;s ld,Sk iy
nexl= fj;e;s uyckhd fj;e;s ^wE& ^M1& ^M2& ^b&
wjidkfha ° ^w& fj;e;s ^1&›^2&›^3& ^wd& ^we& b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;=
^5&›^6&›^7& ^3&›^7& ^9&+^10&
^1& ^2& ^3& ^4& ^5& ^6& ^7& ^8& ^9& ^10& ^11&
2012 … 66,522 251,539 318,060 26,084 642,989 198,510 867,583 450,049 2,143,136 2,593,185
2013 … 75,164 264,607 339,771 25,165 573,157 219,971 818,293 484,578 2,574,215 3,058,793
2014 … 87,469 329,426 416,895 34,745 514,655 282,729 832,129 612,155 2,848,402 3,460,558
2015 ^B& … 103,643 388,057 491,700 44,605 628,103 326,931 999,640 714,988 3,342,224 4,057,212
2016 123,276 429,502 552,778 41,995 626,134 347,123 1,015,251 776,624 4,046,935 4,823,559

2015 ckjd˙ … 85,607 326,914 412,521 30,564 484,066 270,281 784,911 597,195 2,870,361 3,467,556
fmnrjd˙ … 83,961 335,053 419,014 30,547 505,389 261,625 797,561 596,678 2,895,880 3,492,559
udr®;= … 108,147 347,664 455,811 29,387 468,163 285,662 783,212 633,325 2,920,304 3,553,629
wfm%a,a … 101,471 347,669 449,140 32,115 552,506 282,630 867,251 630,298 2,963,107 3,593,405
uehs … 91,718 346,078 437,796 30,143 490,575 284,726 805,445 630,804 3,010,467 3,641,271
cqks … 95,319 343,173 438,491 28,311 604,903 286,228 919,442 629,401 3,048,077 3,677,478
cQ,s … 96,317 359,645 455,962 29,963 540,635 282,413 853,012 642,058 3,090,180 3,732,238
wf.daia;= … 102,159 361,871 464,030 28,835 564,637 288,122 881,593 649,993 3,133,877 3,783,870
iema;eïnr® … 104,798 360,841 465,639 27,615 669,056 299,605 996,276 660,445 3,161,358 3,821,803
Tlaf;danr® ^B&^W& … 101,175 364,208 465,383 34,034 619,959 300,874 954,867 665,082 3,212,598 3,877,680
fkdjeïnr® ^B& … 102,797 363,564 466,361 37,319 635,831 305,863 979,013 669,427 3,276,299 3,945,726
foieïnr® ^B& … 103,643 388,057 491,700 44,605 628,103 326,931 999,640 714,988 3,342,224 4,057,212

2016 ckjd˙ … 100,184 382,623 482,807 38,416 624,619 309,768 972,803 692,391 3,410,561 4,102,952
fmnrjd˙ … 108,618 382,586 491,204 34,935 699,537 317,949 1,052,422 700,535 3,457,874 4,158,410
udr®;= … 137,807 405,670 543,476 34,827 637,311 323,936 996,075 729,606 3,476,793 4,206,399
wfm%a,a … 123,771 398,430 522,200 34,682 647,595 317,119 999,396 715,548 3,526,513 4,242,061
uehs … 116,841 390,418 507,259 32,266 602,955 311,409 946,631 701,828 3,539,255 4,241,083
cqks … 114,763 392,780 507,543 32,401 572,060 312,842 917,302 705,622 3,604,861 4,310,482
cQ,s … 111,372 406,233 517,605 32,376 754,668 310,350 1,097,393 716,583 3,678,122 4,394,705
wf.daia;= … 119,040 402,602 521,642 30,639 694,464 311,581 1,036,684 714,183 3,720,656 4,434,839
iema;eïnr® … 116,537 407,678 524,215 33,632 689,232 321,645 1,044,510 729,323 3,822,617 4,551,940
Tlaf;danr® … 112,922 407,377 520,299 33,159 654,076 320,249 1,007,483 727,626 3,889,139 4,616,764
fkdjeïnr® … 113,646 404,947 518,593 37,609 615,055 315,257 967,920 720,203 3,963,032 4,683,235
foieïnr® 123,276 429,502 552,778 41,995 626,134 347,123 1,015,251 776,624 4,046,935 4,823,559
^w& NdKavd.drh yd †ia;s%la f,alï ldr®hd, fj;e;s jHjydr uqo,a m%udKh uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& uy nexl=j iy jd◊c nexl= fj;e;s rcfha b,aÆï ;ekam;=
^we& uy nexl=j fj;e;s cd;Hka;r ixúOdk iy jd◊c nexl=j, we;s ;ekam;= o we;=<;a foaYSh iy úfoaYSh wka;r® nexl= ;ekam;=
^wE& uy nexl=j iy jd◊c nexl= fj;e;s uqΩ b,aÆï ;ekam;= m%udKh
^b& M2 uqo,a iemhqu" uyckhd fj;e;s jHjydr uqo,a iy remsh,aj,ska kdukh lrk ,o b,aÆï ;ekam;=" b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;= iy ld,Sk ;ekam;=j, tl;=jg iudk fõ'
^B& ixfYdaê;
^W& n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=jla f,i l%shd;aul jQ ã'tµa'iS'iS nexl=j 2015 Tlaf;danr® 1 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† ã'tµa'iS'iS' jr®Ok nexl=j iu`. tAldnoaO ùfuka
wk;=rej ã'tµa'iS'iS nEkala mS't,a'iS hk kñka n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jla f,i l%shd;aul fõ'
uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh 118 jeks ixLHd igyk
uqo,a iólaIKh - M2 ^w&
remsh,a ñ,shk
Y=oaO úfoaYSh Y=oaO foaYSh j;alï
uqo,a iuia;
j;alï foaYSh j;alï uqo,a
^uqo,a j.lSï& Y=oaO wfkl=;a j.lSï
^wd& Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j jd◊c nexl= .=Klh
ixÑ;
rchg
ld,m˙Éf√oh mqΩ,a uqo,a o< foaYSh uqo,a
mgq uqo,a ≥ka rchg ≥ka
wjidkfha ° iemhqu rdcH fm!oa.,sl j;alï (RM)
iemhqu uqo,a jd◊c tl;=j rchg ≥ka rcfha Y=oaO rchg ≥ka rcfha Y=oaO Kh uqo,a jd◊c tl;=j
^M2& ixia:dj,g wxYhg ≥ka (8)+(11)+ M1 M2
^M1& wêld¯ka nexl= (3)+(4) Kh ;ekam;= Kh Kh ;ekam;= ^wE& Kh (12)+(13) wêld¯ka nexl= (15)+(16)
(5)+(14) - ≥ka Kh RM RM
^we& ^wE& (9)-(10)
(17)
(6)-(7)
^1& ^2& ^3& ^4& ^5& ^6& ^7& ^8& ^9& ^10& ^11& ^12& ^13& ^14& ^15& ^16& ^17& ^18&

2012 450,049 2,593,185 396,468 -284,073 112,395 279,529 686 278,843 713,806 79,799 634,007 91,258 2,172,076 3,176,184 357,237 338,158 695,395 484,362 0.93 5.35
2013 484,578 3,058,793 529,128 -395,320 133,808 114,419 411 114,007 1,046,832 51,175 995,656 164,674 2,327,376 3,601,713 303,359 373,369 676,729 488,586 0.99 6.26
2014 612,155 3,460,558 688,007 -369,804 318,203 149,976 305 149,672 1,143,077 64,954 1,078,123 192,137 2,503,270 3,923,201 420,776 360,070 780,846 577,912 1.06 5.99
2015 ^b& 714,988 4,057,212 576,187 -369,264 206,923 230,349 423 229,926 1,231,199 73,332 1,157,867 254,112 3,186,075 4,827,980 314,407 663,283 977,690 673,432 1.06 6.02
2016 776,624 4,823,559 558,589 -391,478 167,111 413,350 333 413,016 1,312,589 58,080 1,254,509 289,728 3,891,851 5,849,104 418,710 773,946 1,192,656 856,147 0.91 5.63

2015 ckjd˙ 597,195 3,467,556 613,409 -369,469 243,940 241,233 324 240,909 1,113,830 52,521 1,061,310 193,500 2,519,744 4,015,463 441,790 350,057 791,847 576,105 1.04 6.02
fmnrjd˙ 596,678 3,492,559 618,760 -349,200 269,560 246,044 264 245,780 1,173,295 52,851 1,120,444 199,101 2,545,410 4,110,735 445,525 442,211 887,736 582,954 1.02 5.99
udr®;= 633,325 3,553,629 578,139 -361,652 216,488 223,996 322 223,674 1,178,219 51,463 1,126,756 198,130 2,608,869 4,157,429 345,996 474,292 820,288 619,561 1.02 5.74
wfm%a,a 630,298 3,593,405 573,417 -359,571 213,846 226,254 208 226,046 1,186,419 53,781 1,132,638 200,310 2,619,009 4,178,003 350,320 448,124 798,444 612,655 1.03 5.87
uehs 630,804 3,641,271 550,503 -354,884 195,619 201,689 193 201,496 1,243,699 52,490 1,191,209 202,472 2,660,582 4,255,759 314,199 495,907 810,106 589,812 1.07 6.17
cqks 629,401 3,677,478 538,583 -363,926 174,657 187,059 313 186,745 1,259,156 50,400 1,208,756 202,388 2,722,048 4,319,937 286,835 530,283 817,117 608,045 1.04 6.05
cQ,s 642,058 3,732,238 515,293 -360,634 154,659 219,111 502 218,609 1,261,888 51,244 1,210,644 218,449 2,766,550 4,414,251 277,888 558,785 836,672 630,332 1.02 5.92
wf.daia;= 649,993 3,783,870 450,889 -333,295 117,594 245,024 475 244,550 1,234,657 51,066 1,183,591 222,209 2,833,609 4,483,959 231,394 586,289 817,683 637,227 1.02 5.94
iema;eïnr® 660,445 3,821,803 431,124 -352,897 78,227 323,970 519 323,451 1,177,837 49,372 1,128,465 240,053 2,913,614 4,605,583 288,929 573,077 862,006 640,491 1.03 5.97
Tlaf;danr® ^b&^B& 665,082 3,877,680 440,807 -370,266 70,541 339,233 469 338,764 1,164,872 56,042 1,108,830 255,507 3,056,670 4,759,772 314,185 638,448 952,633 644,414 1.03 6.02
fkdjeïnr® ^b& 669,427 3,945,726 565,818 -388,497 177,321 268,761 297 268,463 1,130,025 62,407 1,067,618 257,476 3,140,530 4,734,088 367,384 598,299 965,683 651,125 1.03 6.06
foieïnr® ^b& 714,988 4,057,212 576,187 -369,264 206,923 230,349 423 229,926 1,231,199 73,332 1,157,867 254,112 3,186,075 4,827,980 314,407 663,283 977,690 673,432 1.06 6.02

2016 ckjd˙ 692,391 4,102,952 489,468 -354,141 135,327 336,834 303 336,531 1,221,481 65,668 1,155,813 249,770 3,215,664 4,957,778 343,186 646,967 990,153 718,561 0.96 5.71
fmnrjd˙ 700,535 4,158,410 468,587 -366,449 102,138 384,829 354 384,475 1,204,200 62,681 1,141,519 254,366 3,275,283 5,055,644 361,705 637,667 999,372 739,336 0.95 5.62
udr®;= 729,606 4,206,399 473,939 -391,830 82,110 406,957 400 406,556 1,205,740 64,494 1,141,246 253,795 3,368,718 5,170,316 337,012 709,014 1,046,026 791,618 0.92 5.31
wfm%a,a 715,548 4,242,061 437,597 -397,862 39,735 424,429 279 424,151 1,206,246 63,840 1,142,406 258,956 3,396,661 5,222,174 339,541 680,307 1,019,848 763,102 0.94 5.56
uehs 701,828 4,241,083 422,585 -400,724 21,861 407,676 482 407,194 1,221,991 61,375 1,160,615 262,813 3,450,572 5,281,194 322,512 739,459 1,061,972 733,268 0.96 5.78
cqks 705,622 4,310,482 413,540 -410,098 3,442 456,551 467 456,084 1,209,692 52,082 1,157,611 261,269 3,523,258 5,398,221 362,074 729,107 1,091,181 757,159 0.93 5.69
cQ,s 716,583 4,394,705 416,833 -371,962 44,871 456,450 353 456,097 1,236,813 51,647 1,185,166 266,459 3,576,107 5,483,829 355,319 778,676 1,133,995 774,496 0.93 5.67
wf.daia;= 714,183 4,434,839 499,014 -359,156 139,859 396,867 318 396,548 1,261,056 52,663 1,208,393 266,628 3,616,591 5,488,159 373,915 819,263 1,193,179 785,691 0.91 5.64
iema;eïnr® 729,323 4,551,940 498,475 -353,252 145,223 397,858 422 397,436 1,272,824 56,925 1,215,899 266,754 3,678,278 5,558,367 371,679 779,970 1,151,649 793,736 0.92 5.73
Tlaf;danr® 727,626 4,616,764 483,888 -389,248 94,641 410,000 360 409,640 1,309,049 54,711 1,254,339 272,641 3,752,091 5,688,710 373,212 793,374 1,166,586 792,756 0.92 5.82
fkdjeïnr® 720,203 4,683,235 476,257 -384,193 92,064 417,599 298 417,301 1,314,965 58,443 1,256,522 274,388 3,826,601 5,774,812 374,949 808,692 1,183,641 798,968 0.90 5.86
foieïnr® 776,624 4,823,559 558,589 -391,478 167,111 413,350 333 413,016 1,312,589 58,080 1,254,509 289,728 3,891,851 5,849,104 418,710 773,946 1,192,656 856,147 0.91 5.63
^w& fuu uqo,a iólaIKfhys jd◊c nexl=j, foaYSh nexl= tAll we;=<;a fõ' uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& uy nexl=fõ iy jd◊c nexl=j, Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alï ^wmkhk ì,am;a we;=Ωj&
^we& uyckhd fj;e;s jHjydr uqo,a iy b,aÆï ;ekam;=
^wE& nexl= l%uh úiska rchg imhk ,o Khj,ska" nexl= fj;e;s rcfha ;ekam;= iy rcfha uqo,a fYaI wvq ls¯fuka rchg imhk ,o Y=oaO Kh .Kkh lrkq ,efí'
^b& ixfYdaê;
^B& n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=jla f,i l%shd;aul jQ ã'tµa'iS'iS nexl=j 2015 Tlaf;danr® 1 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† ã'tµa'iS'iS' jr®Ok nexl=j iu`. tAldnoaO ùfuka
wk;=rej ã'tµa'iS'iS nEkala mS't,a'iS hk kñka n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jla f,i l%shd;aul fõ'
uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh 119 jeks ixLHd igyk

taldnoaO mqΩ¿,a uqo,a iólaIKh - M2b ^w&

remsh,a ñ,shk
mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqu (M2b) Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alï ^wd&

mgq uqo,a iemhqu (M1) ^we& ld,Sk yd b;=reï ;ekam;= ^wE& jd◊c nexl=
uqΩ mqΩ,a
uqΩ Y=oaO úfoaYSh
ld,m˙Éf√oh uqΩ mgq uqo,a uqΩ ld,Sk yd uqo,a iemhqu uqo,a foaYSh wlafjr<
jHjydr b,aÆï foaYSh nexl= wlafjr< nexl= uqΩ jd◊c nexl= j;alï
wjidkfha ° iemhqu b;=reï ;ekam;= (M2b) wêld¯ka nexl= nexl=
uqo,a ;ekam;= tAll tAll ^9&+^10& ^8&+^11&
(M1) ^4&+^5& ^3&+^6& tAll tAll
^1&+^2&
^1& ^2& ^3& ^4& ^5& ^6& ^7& ^8& ^9& ^10& ^11& ^12&
2012 251,539 198,510 450,049 2,366,037 112,984 2,479,021 2,929,070 396,468 -121,878 -300,421 -422,299 -25,831
2013 264,607 219,971 484,578 2,809,888 123,387 2,933,275 3,417,853 529,128 -231,155 -374,299 -605,453 -76,325
2014 329,426 282,729 612,155 3,121,032 142,666 3,263,698 3,875,853 688,007 -220,947 -451,934 -672,881 15,126
2015 ^b& 388,057 326,931 714,988 3,674,360 176,569 3,850,929 4,565,917 576,187 -295,864 -578,486 -874,350 -298,163
2016 429,502 347,123 776,624 4,439,938 189,034 4,628,972 5,405,596 558,589 -325,659 -464,168 -789,827 -231,238

2015 ckjd˙ 326,914 270,281 597,195 3,147,795 151,017 3,298,811 3,896,007 613,409 -245,759 -485,937 -731,696 -118,287
fmnrjd˙ 335,053 261,625 596,678 3,178,151 151,801 3,329,952 3,926,630 618,760 -236,391 -503,957 -740,348 -121,588
udr®;= 347,664 285,662 633,325 3,203,403 143,923 3,347,326 3,980,651 578,139 -224,379 -515,804 -740,183 -162,043
wfm%a,a 347,669 282,630 630,298 3,249,000 158,861 3,407,861 4,038,160 573,417 -234,258 -510,494 -744,752 -171,335
uehs 346,078 284,726 630,804 3,303,814 168,169 3,471,983 4,102,788 550,503 -234,622 -492,842 -727,464 -176,961
cqks 343,173 286,228 629,401 3,346,917 164,783 3,511,700 4,141,101 538,583 -249,089 -494,994 -744,082 -205,499
cQ,s 359,645 282,413 642,058 3,388,786 163,034 3,551,820 4,193,878 515,293 -261,671 -494,871 -756,541 -241,249
wf.daia;= 361,871 288,122 649,993 3,438,138 164,377 3,602,514 4,252,507 450,889 -239,556 -490,175 -729,731 -278,843
iema;eïnr® 360,841 299,605 660,445 3,476,768 167,790 3,644,558 4,305,003 431,124 -259,442 -534,342 -793,784 -362,660
Tlaf;danr® ^b&^B& 364,208 300,874 665,082 3,533,279 186,488 3,719,767 4,384,849 440,807 -287,925 -551,314 -839,239 -398,432
fkdjeïnr® ^b& 363,564 305,863 669,427 3,603,396 174,806 3,778,202 4,447,629 565,818 -310,567 -568,738 -879,305 -313,488
foieïnr® ^b& 388,057 326,931 714,988 3,674,360 176,569 3,850,929 4,565,917 576,187 -295,864 -578,486 -874,350 -298,163

2016 ckjd˙ 382,623 309,768 692,391 3,764,244 181,647 3,945,892 4,638,282 489,468 -297,974 -551,873 -849,847 -360,378
fmnrjd˙ 382,586 317,949 700,535 3,819,144 184,139 4,003,283 4,703,819 468,587 -305,909 -564,480 -870,388 -401,801
udr®;= 405,670 323,936 729,606 3,845,346 156,684 4,002,030 4,731,636 473,939 -324,418 -589,417 -913,835 -439,896
wfm%a,a 398,430 317,119 715,548 3,896,831 159,745 4,056,576 4,772,124 437,597 -312,741 -589,089 -901,830 -464,233
uehs 390,418 311,409 701,828 3,915,782 163,588 4,079,369 4,781,197 422,585 -330,511 -559,576 -890,087 -467,503
cqks 392,780 312,842 705,622 3,973,248 164,869 4,138,117 4,843,739 413,540 -331,884 -573,610 -905,494 -491,954
cQ,s 406,233 310,350 716,583 4,050,629 173,221 4,223,850 4,940,432 416,833 -286,951 -567,483 -854,434 -437,601
wf.daia;= 402,602 311,581 714,183 4,093,231 181,149 4,274,380 4,988,563 499,014 -268,900 -511,634 -780,535 -281,520
iema;eïnr® 407,678 321,645 729,323 4,188,536 178,379 4,366,915 5,096,238 498,475 -276,100 -500,376 -776,476 -278,001
Tlaf;danr® 407,377 320,249 727,626 4,257,093 181,014 4,438,107 5,165,733 483,888 -313,518 -454,007 -767,526 -283,637
fkdjeïnr® 404,947 315,257 720,203 4,337,922 188,596 4,526,518 5,246,721 476,257 -331,764 -431,424 -763,188 -286,931
foieïnr® 429,502 347,123 776,624 4,439,938 189,034 4,628,972 5,405,596 558,589 -325,659 -464,168 -789,827 -231,238
^w& fuu uqo,a iólaIKh ^M2b & mokï ù we;af;a n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=j, foaYSh nexl= tall yd wlafjr< nexl= tall hk wxY foflysu iuia; o;a;j,sks' foaYSh nexl= tall iy wlafjr< nexl= ^iïnkaOhs&
tallj, j;alï iy j.lSï o;a; tl;= ls¯fï° oaú.Kk fodaI iy idjoH jr®.SlrK bj;a ls¯ug ksr®jpkd;aul fjkialï is≥lr we;' fuu m%Odk fjkialï kï(
^1& ishÆu foaYSh nexl= tall úiska wlafjr< nexl= tall ;=< lrk ,o wdfhdack foaYSh j;alï f,i o" foaYSh nexl= tall úiska wlafjr< nexl= tallj,ska ,nd.;a Kh foaYSh j.lSï f,i o jdr®;d
fldg we;'
^2& foaYSh nexl= tall i;= úfoaY uqo,a ;ekam;=" uqo,a jr®.h u; fkdj whs;sh u; ksr®jpkh lr we;' ta i|yd my; olajk ,o ls%hdms<sfj; wkq.ukh lrk ,°'
(i) wfkajdisl úfoaYSh uqo,a ;ekam;=j,ska ishhg mkyla foaYSh ;ekam;= j.lSï f,i i,ld we;'
(ii) ishÆu fkajdisl úcd;sl úfoaY uqo,a ;ekam;= úfoaY j.lSï f,i i,ld we;'
(iii) wfkl=;a ishÆu úfoaY uqo,a .sKqï foaYSh ;ekam;= j.lSï f,i i,ld we;'
^wd& uy nexl=fõ iy jd◊c nexl=j, Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alï ^wmkhk ì,am;a we;=Ωj&
^we& uyckhd fj;e;s jHjydr uqo,a iy b,aÆï ;ekam;=
^wE& jd◊c nexl= fj;e;s uyckhd i;= ld,Sk iy b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;=
^b& ixfYdaê;
^B& n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=jla f,i l%shd;aul jQ ã'tµa'iS'iS nexl=j 2015 Tlaf;danr® 1 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† ã'tµa'iS'iS' jr®Ok nexl=j iu`. tAldnoaO ùfuka wk;=rej ã'tµa'iS'iS nEkala mS't,a'iS hk
kñka n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jla f,i l%shd;aul fõ'
uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh 119 jeks ixLHd igyk ^iïnkaOhs&

taldnoaO mqΩ¿,a uqo,a iólaIKh - M2b ^w&

remsh,a ñ,shk

Y=oaO foaYSh j;alï

foaYSh Kh wfkl=;a whs;u ^Y=oaO&
rchg fok ,o Y=oaO Kh ^W& rdcH ixia:dj,g fok ,o Kh fm!oa.,sl wxYhg fok ,o Kh
uqo,a uqΩ Y=oaO
ld,m˙Éf√oh jd◊c nexl= rdcH fm!oa.,sl uqΩ uqΩ foaYSh
rchg fok foa Y h
S Kh wêld¯ka
wjidkfha ° foaYSh wlafjr< ixia:dj,g foaYSh wlafjr< wxYhg wlafjr< wfkl=;a j;alï
YS% ,xld ,o uqΩ iy
foaYSh nexl= nexl= fok ,o nexl= nexl= fok ,o ^17&+^20& nexl= whs;u ^24&+^27&
uy wlafjr< tl;=j Kh foa YSh
nexl= tAll tAll uqΩ Kh tAll tAll uqΩ Kh +^23& tAll ^Y=oaO&
nexl=j nexl= tAll ^14&+^15& ^13&+^16& ^18&+^19& nexl=
tAll ^21&+^22& ^25&+^26&
tAll
^13& ^14& ^15& ^16& ^17& ^18& ^19& ^20& ^21& ^22& ^23& ^24& ^25& ^26& ^27& ^28&
2012 278,843 634,007 132,382 766,389 1,045,232 91,258 201,219 292,477 2,172,076 186,345 2,358,421 3,696,131 -634,688 -106,541 -741,230 2,954,901
2013 114,007 995,656 191,678 1,187,335 1,301,342 164,674 200,424 365,098 2,327,376 206,967 2,534,343 4,200,783 -605,221 -101,384 -706,605 3,494,178
2014 149,672 1,078,123 208,105 1,286,228 1,435,900 192,137 253,911 446,047 2,503,270 254,928 2,758,199 4,640,146 -657,074 -122,344 -779,418 3,860,727
2015 ^b& 229,926 1,157,867 371,699 1,529,566 1,759,492 254,112 268,853 522,966 3,186,075 263,502 3,449,577 5,732,034 -718,954 -149,000 -867,954 4,864,081
2016 413,016 1,254,509 304,608 1,559,116 1,972,133 289,728 205,386 495,114 3,891,851 312,579 4,204,430 6,671,677 -865,472 -169,371 -1,034,843 5,636,834

2015 ckjd˙ 240,909 1,061,310 255,284 1,316,593 1,557,503 193,500 275,379 468,879 2,519,744 259,440 2,779,184 4,805,566 -638,123 -153,149 -791,272 4,014,293
fmnrjd˙ 245,780 1,120,444 278,567 1,399,011 1,644,792 199,101 282,594 481,695 2,545,410 258,303 2,803,713 4,930,200 -718,275 -163,707 -881,982 4,048,218
udr®;= 223,674 1,126,756 262,717 1,389,473 1,613,148 198,130 286,598 484,728 2,608,869 236,230 2,845,099 4,942,975 -674,461 -125,819 -800,281 4,142,694
wfm%a,a 226,046 1,132,638 268,066 1,400,704 1,626,750 200,310 297,478 497,788 2,619,009 240,577 2,859,586 4,984,124 -637,863 -136,766 -774,629 4,209,495
uehs 201,496 1,191,209 270,006 1,461,215 1,662,711 202,472 294,414 496,886 2,660,582 247,581 2,908,163 5,067,759 -637,021 -150,989 -788,011 4,279,749
cqks 186,745 1,208,756 278,270 1,487,026 1,673,771 202,388 280,260 482,649 2,722,048 241,111 2,963,159 5,119,579 -633,114 -139,865 -772,980 4,346,599
cQ,s 218,609 1,210,644 306,321 1,516,964 1,735,574 218,449 257,332 475,781 2,766,550 237,512 3,004,062 5,215,417 -637,029 -143,261 -780,290 4,435,127
wf.daia;= 244,550 1,183,591 307,491 1,491,081 1,735,631 222,209 260,314 482,524 2,833,609 235,132 3,068,742 5,286,896 -607,161 -148,385 -755,547 4,531,350
iema;eïnr® 323,451 1,128,465 326,525 1,454,990 1,778,441 240,053 285,262 525,314 2,913,614 242,658 3,156,272 5,460,028 -640,051 -152,314 -792,364 4,667,663
Tlaf;danr® ^b&^B& 338,764 1,108,830 362,624 1,471,454 1,810,219 255,507 275,315 530,822 3,056,670 257,973 3,314,643 5,655,684 -714,292 -158,111 -872,403 4,783,281
fkdjeïnr® ^b& 268,463 1,067,618 368,701 1,436,320 1,704,783 257,476 266,498 523,974 3,140,530 265,490 3,406,020 5,634,777 -716,515 -157,145 -873,660 4,761,117
foieïnr® ^b& 229,926 1,157,867 371,699 1,529,566 1,759,492 254,112 268,853 522,966 3,186,075 263,502 3,449,577 5,732,034 -718,954 -149,000 -867,954 4,864,081

2016 ckjd˙ 336,531 1,155,813 375,687 1,531,500 1,868,032 249,770 277,854 527,624 3,215,664 277,479 3,493,143 5,888,799 -692,637 -197,500 -890,138 4,998,661
fmnrjd˙ 384,475 1,141,519 394,842 1,536,361 1,920,837 254,366 272,050 526,416 3,275,283 271,529 3,546,812 5,994,064 -698,643 -189,802 -888,445 5,105,620
udr®;= 406,556 1,141,246 406,264 1,547,510 1,954,066 253,795 261,062 514,857 3,368,718 265,835 3,634,554 6,103,477 -744,885 -187,061 -931,946 5,171,531
wfm%a,a 424,151 1,142,406 392,933 1,535,339 1,959,489 258,956 252,588 511,544 3,396,661 265,337 3,661,998 6,133,032 -734,651 -162,024 -896,675 5,236,357
uehs 407,194 1,160,615 397,791 1,558,406 1,965,599 262,813 226,989 489,802 3,450,572 271,661 3,722,234 6,177,635 -755,658 -173,277 -928,935 5,248,700
cqks 456,084 1,157,611 391,735 1,549,345 2,005,429 261,269 223,605 484,874 3,523,258 274,813 3,798,071 6,288,375 -801,008 -151,674 -952,682 5,335,693
cQ,s 456,097 1,185,166 390,778 1,575,945 2,032,042 266,459 205,623 472,082 3,576,107 284,816 3,860,923 6,365,046 -846,498 -140,514 -987,012 5,378,034
wf.daia;= 396,548 1,208,393 332,981 1,541,374 1,937,922 266,628 174,870 441,498 3,616,591 289,292 3,905,882 6,285,302 -910,860 -104,359 -1,015,219 5,270,083
iema;eïnr® 397,436 1,215,899 335,587 1,551,487 1,948,923 266,754 185,441 452,195 3,678,278 287,140 3,965,417 6,366,535 -862,883 -129,412 -992,295 5,374,239
Tlaf;danr® 409,640 1,254,339 294,188 1,548,527 1,958,167 272,641 187,194 459,835 3,752,091 292,370 4,044,460 6,462,462 -874,361 -138,730 -1,013,092 5,449,370
fkdjeïnr® 417,301 1,256,522 286,446 1,542,967 1,960,268 274,388 194,668 469,057 3,826,601 299,143 4,125,744 6,555,069 -861,180 -160,237 -1,021,417 5,533,652
foieïnr® 413,016 1,254,509 304,608 1,559,116 1,972,133 289,728 205,386 495,114 3,891,851 312,579 4,204,430 6,671,677 -865,472 -169,371 -1,034,843 5,636,834
^W& nexl= wxYh úiska rchg imhk ,o Khj,ska" nexl= fj;e;s rcfha ;ekam;= iy rcfha uqo,a fYaI wvq ls¯fuka rchg imhk ,o Y=oaO Kh .Kkh lrkq ,efí' uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh 120 jeks ixLHd igyk

uQ,H iólaIKh - M4 ^w&

remsh,a ñ,shk

mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqu (M4) Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alï

ld,Sk yd b;=reï ;ekam;= ^we&

n,m;%,dNS
jd◊c nexl= n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= ^wE& jd◊c nexl==
uqΩ ld,Sk mqΩ,a uqo,a úfYaIs; uqΩ Y=oaO
ld,m˙Éf√oh jHjydr b,aÆï ^foaYSh nexl=
n,m;%,dNS yd b;=reï iemhqu uqo,a nexl= úfoaYSh j;alï
wjidkfha ° uqo,a ;ekam;= tAll iy
foaYSh nexl= wlafjr< m%dfoaYSh uqo,a ;ekam;= (M4) wêld¯ka iy (10)+(11)+(12)
^wd& ^wd& wlafjr<
tAll nexl= ixjr®Ok wfkl=;a iud.ï (3)+(4)+(5)+ (1)+(2)+(8) n,m;%,dNS
nexl= tAll&
^wd& tAll nexl=j (6)+(7) uqo,a iud.ï

^1& ^2& ^3& ^4& ^5& ^6& ^7& ^8& ^9& ^10& ^11& ^12& ^13&

2012 248,412 179,531 2,323,312 112,984 54,710 509,367 256,725 3,257,099 3,685,041 396,468 -422,300 -9,241 -35,072
2013 260,931 193,839 2,747,417 123,387 62,607 554,474 340,611 3,828,495 4,283,265 529,128 -605,453 -123,662 -199,987
2014 325,331 257,684 3,045,032 142,666 72,525 637,146 417,312 4,314,681 4,897,695 688,007 -672,881 -151,861 -136,735
2015 ^b& 383,130 295,671 3,616,779 176,569 86,340 677,815 483,948 5,041,452 5,720,253 576,187 -874,350 -145,981 -444,144
2016 423,486 303,096 4,337,755 189,034 104,689 741,456 530,740 5,903,674 6,630,256 558,589 -789,827 -151,956 -383,194

2015 ckjd˙ 322,704 245,269 3,079,326 151,017 72,353 645,404 418,613 4,366,713 4,934,686 606,444 -731,696 -153,455 -278,707
fmnrjd˙ 329,959 234,511 3,112,312 151,801 73,336 648,627 420,143 4,406,219 4,970,689 618,760 -740,348 -153,375 -274,963
udr®;= 342,659 259,109 3,140,971 143,923 73,506 649,942 421,580 4,429,921 5,031,690 578,139 -740,183 -153,582 -315,625
wfm%a,a 342,635 256,472 3,195,259 158,861 75,299 652,839 425,577 4,507,835 5,106,941 573,417 -744,752 -153,844 -325,179
uehs 340,770 254,894 3,249,508 168,169 76,162 662,246 431,914 4,587,999 5,183,664 550,503 -727,464 -156,481 -333,443
cqks 337,936 255,322 3,292,065 164,783 78,171 670,702 439,527 4,645,248 5,238,505 538,583 -744,082 -153,334 -358,833
cQ,s 354,823 252,401 3,335,280 163,034 81,334 678,511 447,924 4,706,083 5,313,307 515,293 -756,541 -155,510 -396,759
wf.daia;= 354,462 265,267 3,387,508 164,377 83,084 678,227 457,809 4,771,004 5,390,733 450,889 -729,731 -156,895 -435,738
iema;eïnr® 355,859 259,708 3,417,191 167,790 84,814 684,167 465,268 4,819,230 5,434,796 431,124 -793,784 -164,323 -526,984
Tlaf;danr® ^b& 359,073 264,968 3,482,113 186,488 85,155 662,993 472,741 4,889,490 5,513,531 440,807 -839,239 -142,642 -541,074
fkdjeïnr® ^b& 357,670 270,626 3,546,606 174,806 86,371 672,267 478,073 4,958,124 5,586,421 565,818 -879,305 -145,066 -458,554
foieïnr® ^b& 383,130 295,671 3,616,779 176,569 86,340 677,815 483,948 5,041,452 5,720,253 576,187 -874,350 -145,981 -444,144

2016 ckjd˙ 377,157 277,776 3,688,933 181,647 87,148 681,467 488,798 5,127,994 5,782,927 489,468 -849,847 -146,017 -506,395
fmnrjd˙ 376,523 284,507 3,733,629 184,139 88,085 689,982 492,249 5,188,084 5,849,114 468,587 -870,388 -146,530 -548,331
udr®;= 399,095 292,513 3,753,107 156,684 88,419 699,202 493,629 5,191,041 5,882,649 473,939 -913,835 -146,662 -586,558
wfm%a,a 392,361 287,178 3,808,319 159,745 90,041 703,688 498,072 5,259,864 5,939,403 437,597 -901,830 -147,516 -611,749
uehs 384,506 278,364 3,827,057 163,588 89,634 705,751 502,725 5,288,755 5,951,626 422,585 -890,087 -149,444 -616,947
cqks 386,507 270,677 3,879,843 164,869 90,440 710,301 500,093 5,345,546 6,002,730 413,540 -905,494 -148,600 -640,553
cQ,s 399,952 276,755 3,958,409 173,221 94,086 717,704 500,297 5,443,717 6,120,424 416,833 -854,434 -147,919 -585,521
wf.daia;= 396,712 277,520 4,000,759 181,149 96,586 719,853 506,214 5,504,561 6,178,793 499,014 -780,535 -147,579 -429,099
iema;eïnr® 401,298 288,033 4,099,517 178,379 98,807 723,441 512,789 5,612,934 6,302,265 498,475 -776,476 -148,663 -426,664
Tlaf;danr® 401,229 285,559 4,157,448 181,014 101,799 734,459 518,555 5,693,276 6,380,064 483,888 -767,526 -150,042 -433,679
fkdjeïnr® 398,778 281,837 4,233,353 188,596 102,671 739,063 524,463 5,788,146 6,468,761 476,257 -763,188 -151,237 -438,168
foieïnr® 423,486 303,096 4,337,755 189,034 104,689 741,456 530,740 5,903,674 6,630,256 558,589 -789,827 -151,956 -383,194
^w& fuu uQ,H iólaIKh n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=j, foaYSh nexl= tall iy wlafjr< nexl= tall" n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= iy n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï hk uQ,H wdh;kj, iuia; o;a; u; mokï ù we;' . ^iïnkaOhs&
^wd& fuys i|yka jHjydr uqo,a" b,aÆï ;ekam;= iy foaYSh nexl= tAllj, we;s ld,Sk yd b;=reï ;ekam;=" 119 jeks ixLHd igyfkys we;s tu w.hkaf.ka fjkia fõ' Bg fya;=j n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= iy
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ïj, w.hka fuys° uyckhd i;= tajd f,i i,lkq fkd,eîuhs'
^we& jd◊c nexl=" n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= iy n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ïj, we;s fm!oa.,sl wxYh i;= ld,Sk iy b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;=
^wE& n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= hgf;a m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok nexl=j ^2010 cQ,s ui 14 jeks †k m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok nexl= tAldnoaOfldg ia:dmkh lrk ,o&" cd;sl b;s˙ls¯fï nexl=j" rdcH Wlia yd wdfhdack nexl=j"
iKi ixjr®Ok nexl=j" YS% ,xld ksjdi ixjr®Ok uQ,H ixia:d nexl=j" YS% ,xld b;s˙ls¯fï nexl=j iy ,xldmq;% ixjr®Ok nexl=j we;=<;a fõ' n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=jla f,i l%shd;aul jQ tï'î'tia't,a'
b;s˙ls¯fï nexl=j" ur®pkaÜ nEkala Tµa Y%S ,xld mS't,a'iS' iy tï'iS'tia't,a' µskEkaI,a ir®úiia ,sñgâ iu`. tAldnoaO l< w;r" tf,i tAldnoaOj msysgqjk ,o wdh;kh 2015 ckjd˙ 1 †k isg l%shd;aul jk
m˙† ur®pkaÜ nEkala Tµa Y%S ,xld wekaâ µskEkaia mS't,a'iS hk kñka n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ula f,i l%shd;aul fõ' n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=jla f,i l%shd;aul jQ ã'tµa'iS'iS nexl=j 2015 Tlaf;danr® 1 †k isg
l%shd;aul jk m˙† ã'tµa'iS'iS' jr®Ok nexl=j iu`. tAldnoaO ùfuka wk;=rej ã'tµa'iS'iS nEkala mS't,a'iS hk kñka n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jla f,i l%shd;aul fõ'
^b& ixfYdaê;
uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh 120 jeks ixLHd igyk ^iïnkaOhs&
uQ,H iólaIKh - M4
remsh,a ñ,shk

Y=oaO foaYSh j;alï

foaYSh Kh
rdcH ixia:dj,g fok
rchg fok ,o Y=oaO Kh ^B& fm!oa.,sl wxYhg fok ,o Kh
,o Kh
ld,m˙Éf√oh n,m;%,dNS rchg ≥ka n,m;%,dNS uqΩ foaYh
S wfkl=;a uqΩ Y=oaO
jd◊c nexl= jd◊c nexl= jd◊c nexl= fm!oa.,sl whs;uj, foaYSh j;alï
wjidkfha ° úfYaIs; nexl= uqΩ Kh úfYaIs; nexl= n,m;%,dNS wxYhg Kh
Y%S ,xld n,m;%,dNS ^foaYSh nexl= rdcH
(14)+(15)+ uqo,a ≥ka uqΩ Kh (20)+(22)+ tl;=j ^Y=oaO& (29)+(30)
uy foaYSh wlafjr< m%dfoaYSh uqo,a tAll iy ixia:dj,g foaYSh wlafjr< m%dfoaYSh (28)
(16)+(17)+ iud.ï (23)+(24)+
nexl=j nexl= nexl= ixjr®Ok wfkl=;a iud.ï wlafjr< ≥ka uqΩ Kh nexl= nexl= ixjr®Ok wfkl=;a (25)+(26)
(18)+(19) ^W&
tAll tAll nexl=j nexl= tAll& tAll tAll nexl=j +(27)

^14& ^15& ^16& ^17& ^18& ^19& ^20& ^21& ^22& ^23& ^24& ^25& ^26& ^27& ^28& ^29& ^30& ^31&

2012 278,843 634,007 132,382 190 327,457 17,040 1,389,920 292,477 292,477 2,172,076 186,345 53,953 300,555 433,765 3,146,694 4,829,091 -1,108,977 3,720,114
2013 114,007 995,656 191,678 0 457,970 27,839 1,787,151 365,098 365,098 2,327,376 206,967 60,657 319,512 501,980 3,416,491 5,568,741 -1,085,489 4,483,252
2014 149,672 1,078,123 208,105 1,750 513,042 59,667 2,010,359 446,047 446,047 2,503,270 254,928 63,001 411,424 602,854 3,835,477 6,291,883 -1,257,453 5,034,430
2015 ^b& 229,926 1,157,867 371,699 12,395 516,824 55,599 2,344,309 522,966 522,966 3,186,075 263,502 89,249 392,416 805,167 4,736,408 7,603,684 -1,439,286 6,164,397
2016 413,016 1,254,509 304,608 750 514,915 68,097 2,555,895 495,114 495,114 3,891,851 312,579 108,232 453,970 945,651 5,712,282 8,763,292 -1,749,842 7,013,450

2015 ckjd˙ 240,909 1,061,310 255,284 5,250 516,450 60,402 2,139,605 468,879 468,879 2,519,744 259,440 63,862 412,092 625,341 3,880,478 6,488,962 -1,275,569 5,213,393
fmnrjd˙ 245,780 1,120,444 278,567 9,067 518,033 59,989 2,231,881 481,695 481,695 2,545,410 258,303 65,311 416,082 635,250 3,920,355 6,633,932 -1,388,280 5,245,652
udr®;= 223,674 1,126,756 262,717 9,600 518,298 59,756 2,200,802 484,728 484,728 2,608,869 236,230 67,532 423,967 651,258 3,987,857 6,673,388 -1,326,073 5,347,315
wfm%a,a 226,046 1,132,638 268,066 17,000 532,417 56,739 2,232,907 497,788 497,788 2,619,009 240,577 70,280 428,998 659,052 4,017,916 6,748,611 -1,316,490 5,432,121
uehs 201,496 1,191,209 270,006 17,200 533,100 60,723 2,273,734 496,886 496,886 2,660,582 247,581 72,687 436,310 671,560 4,088,720 6,859,339 -1,342,233 5,517,107
cqks 186,745 1,208,756 278,270 15,700 530,912 60,408 2,280,791 482,649 482,649 2,722,048 241,111 75,332 442,039 686,447 4,166,978 6,930,418 -1,333,080 5,597,338
cQ,s 218,609 1,210,644 306,321 17,550 536,421 59,838 2,349,383 475,781 475,781 2,766,550 237,512 78,861 444,703 711,096 4,238,721 7,063,885 -1,353,819 5,710,065
wf.daia;= 244,550 1,183,591 307,491 17,250 534,876 61,501 2,349,259 482,524 482,524 2,833,609 235,132 81,712 452,480 727,045 4,329,979 7,161,761 -1,335,291 5,826,470
iema;eïnr® 323,451 1,128,465 326,525 16,550 507,104 59,247 2,361,342 525,314 525,314 2,913,614 242,658 84,496 467,001 748,629 4,456,399 7,343,055 -1,381,276 5,961,780
Tlaf;danr® ^b& 338,764 1,108,830 362,624 15,345 507,339 62,458 2,395,362 530,822 530,822 3,056,670 257,973 86,037 377,975 762,601 4,541,257 7,467,441 -1,412,836 6,054,605
fkdjeïnr® ^b& 268,463 1,067,618 368,701 14,695 509,042 58,362 2,286,882 523,974 523,974 3,140,530 265,490 88,487 389,814 784,884 4,669,206 7,480,062 -1,435,087 6,044,974
foieïnr® ^b& 229,926 1,157,867 371,699 12,395 516,824 55,599 2,344,309 522,966 522,966 3,186,075 263,502 89,249 392,416 805,167 4,736,408 7,603,684 -1,439,286 6,164,397

2016 ckjd˙ 336,531 1,155,813 375,687 11,700 514,431 56,998 2,451,160 527,624 527,624 3,215,664 277,479 90,324 396,231 816,036 4,795,735 7,774,519 -1,485,196 6,289,322
fmnrjd˙ 384,475 1,141,519 394,842 9,000 515,000 62,114 2,506,950 526,416 526,416 3,275,283 271,529 92,198 399,482 825,418 4,863,911 7,897,277 -1,499,832 6,397,445
udr®;= 406,556 1,141,246 406,264 9,350 516,676 67,672 2,547,764 514,857 514,857 3,368,718 265,835 93,059 402,181 832,803 4,962,596 8,025,218 -1,556,011 6,469,207
wfm%a,a 424,151 1,142,406 392,933 10,200 512,454 65,748 2,547,892 511,544 511,544 3,396,661 265,337 94,262 407,987 844,676 5,008,924 8,068,360 -1,517,208 6,551,152
uehs 407,194 1,160,615 397,791 10,000 514,306 65,934 2,555,839 489,802 489,802 3,450,572 271,661 94,723 411,865 851,120 5,079,942 8,125,583 -1,557,011 6,568,572
cqks 456,084 1,157,611 391,735 7,000 507,085 66,019 2,585,532 484,874 484,874 3,523,258 274,813 96,398 417,801 863,126 5,175,396 8,245,803 -1,602,520 6,643,283
cQ,s 456,097 1,185,166 390,778 8,175 523,962 64,402 2,628,581 472,082 472,082 3,576,107 284,816 98,191 420,560 877,484 5,257,157 8,357,820 -1,651,875 6,705,945
wf.daia;= 396,548 1,208,393 332,981 8,450 518,544 64,508 2,529,424 441,498 441,498 3,616,591 289,292 100,271 427,925 888,224 5,322,302 8,293,224 -1,685,331 6,607,893
iema;eïnr® 397,436 1,215,899 335,587 8,950 513,888 68,872 2,540,633 452,195 452,195 3,678,278 287,140 102,490 433,543 903,617 5,405,067 8,397,895 -1,668,966 6,728,928
Tlaf;danr® 409,640 1,254,339 294,188 1,800 517,489 64,124 2,541,579 459,835 459,835 3,752,091 292,370 104,559 438,408 919,023 5,506,450 8,507,864 -1,694,121 6,813,743
fkdjeïnr® 417,301 1,256,522 286,446 750 517,582 66,374 2,544,974 469,057 469,057 3,826,601 299,143 106,299 446,436 933,760 5,612,239 8,626,270 -1,719,341 6,906,929
foieïnr® 413,016 1,254,509 304,608 750 514,915 68,097 2,555,895 495,114 495,114 3,891,851 312,579 108,232 453,970 945,651 5,712,282 8,763,292 -1,749,842 7,013,450
^B& YS% ,xld uy nexl=j" jd◊c nexl=" n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= iy n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ïj,ska rchg imhk ,o Y=oaO Kh m%udKh ±lafõ' Y=oaO w.h ,eî we;af;a rcfha ;ekam;= iy uqo,a fYaIj, tl;=j uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
uqΩ Khj,ska wvq ls¯fuks'
^W& úfYaIs; l,an≥ iud.ï úiska n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï n,m;%h ,nd .ekSu" we;eï udij, ° n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYhg ,nd ≥ka Kh m%udKfhys by< jr®Okhg fya;= ù we;'
uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh 121 jeks ixLHd igyk

uqo,a iuia; - idrdxYh

mgq uqo,a iemhqu (M1) mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqu (M2) mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqu (M2b) mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqu (M4)
ld,m˙Éf√oh m%;sY;uh fjkiaùu m%;sY;uh fjkiaùu m%;sY;uh fjkiaùu m%;sY;uh fjkiaùu
wjidkfha ° jákdlu jákdlu jákdlu jákdlu
re' ì,shk jdr®Isl jdr®Isl re' ì,shk jdr®Isl jdr®Isl re' ì,shk jdr®Isl jdr®Isl re' ì,shk jdr®Isl jdr®Isl
,laIHuh idudkHh ,laIHuh idudkHh ,laIHuh idudkHh ,laIHuh idudkHh

2015 ckjd˙ 597.2 24.2 17.2 3,467.6 12.1 13.3 3,896.0 12.6 13.0 4,934.7 13.5 13.8

fmnrjd˙ 596.7 21.4 18.1 3,492.6 11.9 13.0 3,926.6 12.3 12.8 4,970.7 12.9 13.7

udr®;= 633.3 23.8 19.3 3,553.6 12.3 12.8 3,980.7 12.5 12.6 5,031.7 12.7 13.5

wfm%a,a 630.3 24.2 20.3 3,593.4 13.2 12.7 4,038.2 13.9 12.7 5,106.9 13.7 13.4

uehs 630.8 25.2 21.2 3,641.3 14.5 12.8 4,102.8 15.4 12.9 5,183.7 14.9 13.5

cqks 629.4 21.2 21.6 3,677.5 14.4 12.9 4,141.1 15.3 13.0 5,238.5 15.1 13.6

cQ,s 642.1 22.9 22.1 3,732.2 15.5 13.2 4,193.9 16.2 13.4 5,313.3 15.9 13.8

wf.daia;= 650.0 20.2 22.1 3,783.9 16.1 13.4 4,252.5 16.8 13.8 5,390.7 16.4 14.1

iema;eïnr® 660.4 22.3 22.5 3,821.8 15.2 13.6 4,305.0 16.0 14.1 5,434.8 15.5 14.3

Tlaf;danr® 665.1 21.7 23.2 3,877.7 15.7 14.0 4,384.8 17.0 14.5 5,513.5 16.0 14.6

fkdjeïnr® 669.4 17.8 22.6 3,945.7 16.1 14.2 4,447.6 17.2 14.9 5,586.4 16.2 14.8

foieïnr® 715.0 16.8 21.8 4,057.2 17.2 14.5 4,565.9 17.8 15.2 5,720.3 16.8 15.0

udisl idudkHh 643.3 21.8 3,720.4 14.5 4,186.3 15.2 5,285.4 15.0

2016 ckjd˙ 692.4 15.9 21.1 4,103.0 18.3 15.0 4,638.3 19.1 15.8 5,782.9 17.2 15.3

fmnrjd˙ 700.5 17.4 20.8 4,158.4 19.1 15.6 4,703.8 19.8 16.4 5,849.1 17.7 15.7

udr®;= 729.6 15.2 20.1 4,206.4 18.4 16.1 4,731.6 18.9 16.9 5,882.6 16.9 16.0

wfm%a,a 715.5 13.5 19.2 4,242.1 18.1 16.6 4,772.1 18.2 17.3 5,939.4 16.3 16.2

uehs 701.8 11.3 18.0 4,241.1 16.5 16.7 4,781.2 16.5 17.4 5,951.6 14.8 16.2

cqks 705.6 12.1 17.3 4,310.5 17.2 16.9 4,843.7 17.0 17.5 6,002.7 14.6 16.2

cQ,s 716.6 11.6 16.3 4,394.7 17.7 17.1 4,940.4 17.8 17.7 6,120.4 15.2 16.1

wf.daia;= 714.2 9.9 15.5 4,434.8 17.2 17.2 4,988.6 17.3 17.7 6,178.8 14.6 16.0

iema;eïnr® 729.3 10.4 14.5 4,551.9 19.1 17.6 5,096.2 18.4 17.9 6,302.3 16.0 16.0

Tlaf;danr® 727.6 9.4 13.4 4,616.8 19.1 17.8 5,165.7 17.8 18.0 6,380.1 15.7 16.0

fkdjeïnr® 720.2 7.6 12.6 4,683.2 18.7 18.0 5,246.7 18.0 18.0 6,468.8 15.8 16.0

foieïnr® 776.6 8.6 11.9 4,823.6 18.9 18.2 5,405.6 18.4 18.1 6,630.3 15.9 15.9

udisl idudkHh 719.2 11.9 4,397.2 18.2 4,942.8 18.1 6,124.1 15.9

uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j

uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh 122 jeks ixLHd igyk
jd◊Ksc nexl=j, ixÑ; ;;a;ajh ^w& ^wd&
remsh,a ñ,shk
;ekam;= ^we& ;ekam;= i|yd wjYH ixÑ; ^wE& mej;s ixÑ;
uy nexl=j w;s˙la;$
leg uqo,a iu. jQ ys`.
mj;ajd.;
ld,Sk iy ld,Sk iy ^fkdaÜgq yd mj;ajd.; jd◊c nexl= jHjia:dms;
ld,m˙Éf√oh b,aÆï wfkl=;a tl;=j b,aÆï wfkl=;a uqΩ
q ixÑ; hq;= iuqÉÑ;
b;s˙ls¯fï b;s˙ls¯fï ldisj,ska hq;= ixÑ; ;ekam;= ^ixÑ; ixÑ;
;ekam;= ;ekam;= ^1&›^2&›^3& ;ekam;= ;ekam;= ^5&›^6&›^7& ixÑ; ld,m˙Éf√oh ^12&-^11&
;ekam;= ;ekam;= ;nd.kakd ^8&-^9&
ixÑ;& i|yd jQ iuqÉÑ;
tl;=j&
^1& ^2& ^3& ^4& ^5& ^6& ^7& ^8& ^9& ^10& ^11& ^12& ^13&

2012 231,582 2,126,705 44,828 2,403,115 18,527 170,136 3,586 192,249 18,617 173,632 1,215,423 1,215,981 557
2013 244,039 2,541,016 45,303 2,830,358 14,642 152,461 2,718 169,821 20,980 148,842 2,381,467 2,384,263 2,796
2014 304,607 2,829,600 33,682 3,167,890 18,276 169,776 2,021 190,073 25,514 164,560 2,632,954 2,636,157 3,203
2015 350,023 3,228,352 38,831 3,617,206 21,001 193,701 2,330 217,032 33,411 183,622 2,937,945 2,943,637 5,693
2016 358,541 3,908,687 31,344 4,298,572 26,891 293,152 2,351 322,393 33,496 288,897 4,622,354 4,627,768 5,414
2015 ckjd˙ 325,063 2,864,815 34,241 3,224,119 19,504 171,889 2,054 193,447 30,687 162,761 2,604,169 2,608,361 4,191
fmnrjd˙ 321,280 2,868,190 34,500 3,223,970 19,277 172,091 2,070 193,438 28,734 164,704 2,141,151 2,142,170 1,019
udr®;= 308,224 2,880,898 34,724 3,223,846 18,493 172,854 2,083 193,431 28,746 164,685 2,634,958 2,640,849 5,891
wfm%a,a 314,374 2,905,178 34,449 3,254,001 18,862 174,311 2,067 195,240 30,660 164,580 2,468,700 2,469,457 757
uehs 328,527 2,947,587 32,717 3,308,831 19,712 176,855 1,963 198,530 45,694 152,836 2,445,381 2,446,980 1,599
cqks 333,820 2,978,166 33,189 3,345,174 20,029 178,690 1,991 200,710 30,590 170,121 2,551,810 2,552,874 1,064
cQ,s 320,203 3,019,366 33,760 3,373,330 19,212 181,162 2,026 202,400 30,305 172,095 2,753,520 2,758,694 5,174
wf.daia;= 330,878 3,060,405 32,854 3,424,138 19,853 183,624 1,971 205,448 30,464 174,985 2,799,754 2,801,097 1,343
iema;eïnr® 333,571 3,105,359 33,283 3,472,213 20,014 186,322 1,997 208,333 32,594 175,739 2,636,080 2,638,325 2,245
Tlaf;danr® ^b& 342,227 3,146,524 34,269 3,523,020 20,534 188,791 2,056 211,381 32,977 178,405 2,854,473 2,856,218 1,745
fkdjeïnr® 335,578 3,183,091 34,175 3,552,844 20,135 190,985 2,050 213,171 31,779 181,392 2,720,875 2,722,405 1,530
foieïnr® 350,023 3,228,352 38,831 3,617,206 21,001 193,701 2,330 217,032 33,411 183,622 2,937,945 2,943,637 5,693
2016 ckjd˙ 365,533 3,296,853 36,550 3,698,937 27,415 247,264 2,741 277,420 41,454 235,966 3,775,456 3,780,540 5,084
fmnrjd˙ 367,436 3,364,005 33,272 3,764,713 27,558 252,300 2,495 282,353 33,797 248,557 3,479,795 3,482,903 3,107
udr®;= 358,626 3,422,326 32,387 3,813,339 26,897 256,674 2,429 286,000 36,160 249,841 3,997,452 4,000,457 3,005
wfm%a,a 374,146 3,451,248 35,645 3,861,039 28,061 258,844 2,673 289,578 42,212 247,365 3,710,481 3,713,350 2,869
uehs 369,242 3,513,249 34,673 3,917,164 27,693 263,494 2,600 293,787 61,824 231,964 3,711,421 3,714,452 3,031
cqks 356,575 3,521,049 31,717 3,909,341 26,743 264,079 2,379 293,201 41,129 252,071 3,781,068 3,784,120 3,052
cQ,s 350,742 3,557,241 31,083 3,939,066 26,306 266,793 2,331 295,430 38,369 257,060 4,112,967 4,115,747 2,780
wf.daia;= 354,899 3,627,034 32,136 4,014,069 26,617 272,028 2,410 301,055 38,511 262,544 4,200,707 4,201,701 994
iema;eïnr® 351,921 3,680,456 30,958 4,063,334 26,394 276,034 2,322 304,750 38,655 266,095 3,991,430 3,992,145 714
Tlaf;danr® 359,716 3,758,454 32,687 4,150,858 26,979 281,884 2,452 311,314 39,996 271,318 4,341,088 4,343,811 2,724
fkdjeïnr® 353,561 3,845,203 31,778 4,230,542 26,517 288,390 2,383 317,291 34,023 283,268 4,249,021 4,251,898 2,877
foieïnr® 358,541 3,908,687 31,344 4,298,572 26,891 293,152 2,351 322,393 33,496 288,897 4,622,354 4,627,768 5,414
^w& ixfYdaê; uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 422 m˙Éf√ofha wxl 10 ^we&" 93" 94" 96 iy 97 j.ka;s hgf;a jd◊c nexl= iy wfkl=;a uQ,H wdh;k Tjqkaf.a ;ekam;= j.lSï i|yd uqo,a uKav,fha kshuhkag uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
wkqj ixÑ; mj;ajd.; hq;=h' jr®;udkfha ixÑ; wjYH;djhkag hg;a jkqfha jd◊c nexl= mu◊' 1992 ckjd˙ 24 jeks †k isg ls%hd;aul jk m˙† uqΩ ;ekam;=j,ska ishhg 2 blaujk kuq;a
ishhg 4 g fkdjeä uqo,a m%udKhka ixÑ;j, fldgila f,i YS% ,xld ldis yd fkdaÜgq iajrEmfhka ;nd.; yelsh' w;S;fha mej;s ixÑ; wkqmd;slj, o;a; iy .Kkh ls¯fï l%u 2003 jdr®Isl jdr®;djg
fmr m%ldYhg m;a l< jdr®Isl jdr®;dj, ixLHd f,aLk m˙YsIagfhys §jd◊c nexl=j, ixÑ; ;;a;ajh¶ kï jQ ixLHd igyfkys oelafõ'
^wd& 2013 cQks ui isg ls%hd;aul jk m˙†" fuf;la meje;s i;a†k ixÑ; .Kkh ls¯fï iy mj;ajd .ekSfï ld,h uilg foj;djla jYfhka" udifha m<uq †k isg 15 jk †k olajd;a iy 16
jk †k isg udih wjidkh olajd;a °r®> lrk ,°' 2013 uehs udih f;la ixÑ; o;a; iEu uilu wjidk ixÑ; i;sh i|yd jk w;r" 2013 cQks udifha isg ixÑ; o;a; iEu uilu fojk
ixÑ; ld,m˙Éf√oh i|yd fõ' ixLHd igyfkys jdr®;d lrk" mj;ajd.; hq;= ixÑ; hkq ixÑ; ld,m˙Éf√oh i|yd w∞< iuqÉÑ; ixÑ; jk w;r" tu ld,m˙Éf√oh i|yd w∞< iuqÉÑ;
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2012 15.00 7.50 9.50 16.25 5.00 16.25 5.00 17.00 5.00 15.00 5.25 10.50 0.75 10.10 25.00 9.50 26.00 4.50 33.00 4.75 32.00 7.00 22.00 4.70 14.29 9.92 9.85 9.50 9.83
2013 15.00 6.50 8.50 15.00 5.70 12.25 6.20 16.00 6.00 15.00 5.25 9.14 0.75 9.37 23.00 8.50 26.00 5.00 33.00 4.75 24.00 7.00 22.00 4.50 9.96 7.76 7.75 7.50 7.66
2014 15.00 6.50 8.00 7.00 3.50 8.75 3.90 12.00 3.95 14.00 4.15 8.00 0.50 6.20 24.00 5.90 24.00 4.75 32.00 5.00 24.00 5.44 22.00 3.25 6.35 6.10 6.50 6.00 6.21
2015 15.00 6.00 7.50 11.10 3.10 9.50 3.90 15.00 3.95 12.50 4.15 8.00 0.50 6.20 24.00 6.00 24.00 4.74 32.00 5.00 24.00 2.50 22.58 3.00 7.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40
2016 15.00 7.00 8.50 13.50 4.00 13.50 4.50 15.00 4.50 13.00 5.40 9.00 0.50 8.17 24.00 3.00 24.00 1.50 25.00 1.00 24.00 3.50 24.00 2.00 11.73 8.44 8.44 8.40 8.42
2015 ckjd˙ 15.00 6.50 8.00 9.50 3.50 10.50 3.90 12.00 3.95 14.00 4.15 8.00 0.50 5.94 24.00 5.90 24.00 4.75 32.00 5.00 24.00 5.60 22.00 3.25 6.36 5.91 6.50 5.70 5.87
fmnrjd˙ 15.00 6.50 8.00 9.50 0.25 7.50 3.90 15.00 3.95 14.00 4.15 8.00 0.50 5.90 24.00 5.90 24.00 4.75 32.00 5.00 24.00 5.70 22.00 3.25 6.45 6.12 6.75 6.00 6.18
udr®;= 15.00 6.50 8.00 9.50 3.50 9.75 3.90 15.00 3.95 14.00 4.15 8.00 0.50 5.83 24.00 3.00 25.00 4.75 32.00 5.00 24.00 5.75 22.00 3.25 6.90 6.62 6.70 6.55 6.64
wfm%a,a 15.00 6.00 7.50 9.50 3.50 9.75 3.90 15.00 3.95 14.00 4.15 8.00 0.50 5.83 24.00 6.00 24.00 4.75 32.00 5.00 24.00 5.80 22.00 3.75 7.16 6.11 6.20 6.10 6.12
uehs 15.00 6.00 7.50 9.50 3.50 9.75 3.90 15.00 3.50 13.50 4.15 8.00 0.50 5.95 24.00 6.00 24.00 4.75 32.00 5.00 24.00 6.00 22.00 2.18 7.05 6.11 6.10 6.00 6.10
cqks 15.00 6.00 7.50 9.50 3.25 9.75 3.90 15.00 3.50 13.50 4.15 8.00 0.50 6.02 24.00 6.00 24.00 4.75 32.00 5.00 24.00 6.00 22.00 2.19 7.00 6.13 6.15 6.10 6.12
cQ,s 15.00 6.00 7.50 7.50 3.40 9.75 3.90 15.00 3.50 13.25 4.15 8.00 0.50 6.00 24.00 6.00 24.00 4.19 32.00 5.00 24.00 6.00 22.00 2.19 6.91 6.13 6.10 6.10 6.10
wf.daia;= 15.00 6.00 7.50 7.50 3.40 9.75 3.90 15.00 3.50 13.25 4.15 8.50 0.50 6.01 24.00 6.00 24.00 4.75 32.00 5.00 24.00 6.00 22.00 2.19 6.82 6.34 6.30 6.25 6.29
iema;eïnr® 15.00 6.00 7.50 8.30 3.40 9.75 3.90 15.00 3.50 13.25 4.15 8.00 0.50 6.00 24.00 5.33 24.00 4.75 32.00 5.00 24.00 6.00 22.00 2.19 6.94 6.35 6.35 6.35 6.35
Tlaf;danr® 15.00 6.00 7.50 8.30 3.40 8.85 3.90 15.00 3.95 12.75 4.15 8.00 0.50 6.05 24.00 5.31 24.00 4.75 32.00 5.00 24.00 6.00 22.00 2.19 7.18 6.35 6.35 6.25 6.33
fkdjeïnr® 15.00 6.00 7.50 8.25 3.40 8.50 3.90 15.00 3.95 12.50 4.15 8.50 0.50 6.11 24.00 6.00 24.00 4.48 32.00 5.00 24.00 2.50 22.58 3.00 7.32 6.33 6.30 6.30 6.30
foieïnr® 15.00 6.00 7.50 11.10 3.10 9.50 3.90 15.00 3.95 12.50 4.15 8.00 0.50 6.20 24.00 6.00 24.00 4.74 32.00 5.00 24.00 2.50 22.58 3.00 7.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40
2016 ckjd˙ 15.00 6.00 7.50 11.10 3.75 9.50 3.90 15.00 3.95 12.50 4.15 8.50 0.50 6.26 24.00 6.65 24.00 4.74 32.00 5.00 24.00 2.50 22.58 3.00 7.76 6.78 6.80 6.70 6.73
fmnrjd˙ 15.00 6.50 8.00 10.00 3.75 9.50 3.90 15.00 3.95 12.50 4.15 8.50 0.50 6.33 24.00 6.65 25.00 3.93 32.00 5.00 24.00 2.50 22.58 3.00 8.28 7.51 7.55 7.50 7.50
udr®;= 15.00 6.50 8.00 10.25 3.75 10.15 3.90 15.00 3.95 12.50 4.15 8.00 0.50 6.44 24.00 3.25 25.00 2.00 30.00 1.88 24.00 6.00 22.00 3.25 8.87 8.10 8.15 8.00 8.09
wfm%a,a 15.00 6.50 8.00 10.25 4.00 10.75 4.00 15.00 4.00 12.50 5.00 8.00 0.50 6.58 24.00 3.25 25.00 2.00 25.00 1.89 24.00 6.24 22.00 2.44 9.55 8.15 8.15 8.05 8.14
uehs 15.00 6.50 8.00 11.25 4.00 11.50 4.50 15.00 4.50 12.50 5.00 8.50 0.50 6.72 24.00 3.25 24.00 2.00 25.00 2.00 24.00 6.00 22.00 2.46 10.10 8.16 8.17 8.15 8.15
cqks 15.00 6.50 8.00 11.25 4.00 11.75 4.50 15.00 4.50 12.50 5.00 9.00 0.50 6.87 24.00 2.00 25.00 2.00 24.00 2.00 24.00 6.00 22.00 2.47 10.48 8.20 8.20 8.18 8.20
cQ,s 15.00 7.00 8.50 12.00 4.00 12.00 4.50 15.00 4.50 12.75 5.00 9.00 0.50 7.10 24.00 2.00 25.00 2.00 24.00 1.50 24.00 6.00 22.00 2.49 10.87 8.56 8.40 8.40 8.40
wf.daia;= 15.00 7.00 8.50 12.90 4.00 12.50 4.50 15.00 4.50 12.75 5.00 9.00 0.50 7.32 24.00 2.66 25.00 2.00 25.00 1.50 26.00 6.00 24.00 2.52 11.76 8.41 8.40 8.40 8.40
iema;eïnr® 15.00 7.00 8.50 12.95 4.00 12.50 4.50 15.00 4.50 13.00 5.00 9.00 0.50 7.56 24.00 2.00 25.00 1.50 25.00 1.50 26.00 6.00 24.00 2.53 12.29 8.44 8.42 8.42 8.42
Tlaf;danr® 15.00 7.00 8.50 12.75 4.00 13.00 4.50 15.00 4.50 12.50 5.00 9.00 0.50 7.79 24.00 3.64 25.00 1.50 25.00 1.00 26.00 6.50 24.00 2.53 12.25 8.44 8.42 8.42 8.42
fkdjeïnr® 15.00 7.00 8.50 13.50 4.00 13.50 4.50 15.00 4.50 12.75 5.13 9.00 0.50 8.00 24.00 3.71 24.00 2.00 25.00 1.00 24.00 6.00 24.00 2.62 11.98 8.45 8.44 8.42 8.43
foieïnr® 15.00 7.00 8.50 13.50 4.00 13.50 4.50 15.00 4.50 13.00 5.40 9.00 0.50 8.17 24.00 3.00 24.00 1.50 25.00 1.00 24.00 3.50 24.00 2.00 11.73 8.44 8.44 8.40 8.42
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2012 5.00 13.00 12.50 11.50 14.00 12.00 14.00 14.00 14.00-15.50 17.00-19.00 16.50-20.00 9.00-11.00
2013 5.00 9.25 9.50 8.75 9.50 9.50 10.50 10.00 14.00-15.50 12.75-17.50 10.50-18.00 11.00-13.00
2014 5.00 6.00 6.50 6.30 6.70 6.50 6.50 5.75 8.00-13.00 7.07-14.00 8.00-12.00 3.73-13.00
2015 5.00 7.00 7.25 7.00 7.50 7.25 6.50 7.50 9.00-14.00 7.07-13.50 9.00-11.50 3.73-13.00
2016 4.25 10.75 11.00 10.50 11.50 11.00 11.00 - 9.75-15.00 10.50-20.00 - 3.73-6.00

2015 ckjd˙ 5.00 6.00 6.50 6.30 6.70 6.50 6.50 6.25 9.50-14.00 7.07-14.00 7.50-14.00 3.73-13.00
fmnrjd˙ 5.00 6.00 6.50 6.30 6.70 6.50 6.50 6.75 9.00-14.00 7.07-14.00 7.50-12.00 3.73-13.00
udr®;= 5.00 6.00 6.50 6.30 6.70 6.50 6.50 7.50 9.50-14.00 7.07-14.00 7.50-12.50 3.73-13.00
wfm%a,a 5.00 6.00 6.50 6.30 6.70 6.50 6.50 7.00 9.50-14.00 7.07-14.00 9.00-12.50 3.73-13.00
uehs 5.00 6.00 6.50 6.30 6.70 6.50 6.50 6.75 9.50-14.00 7.07-14.00 9.00-12.50 3.73-13.00
cqks 5.00 6.00 6.50 6.30 6.70 6.50 6.50 6.50 9.50-14.00 7.07-14.00 7.75-12.00 3.73-13.00
cQ,s 5.00 6.00 6.50 6.30 6.70 6.50 6.50 6.50 9.00-14.00 7.07-14.00 7.75-13.00 3.73-13.00
wf.daia;= 5.00 6.00 6.50 6.30 6.70 6.50 6.50 6.50 9.00-15.50 7.07-13.50 9.00-12.00 3.73-13.00
iema;eïnr® 5.00 6.00 6.50 6.30 6.70 6.50 6.50 7.50 9.00-14.00 7.07-13.50 9.00-11.50 3.73-13.00
Tlaf;danr® 5.00 6.00 6.50 6.30 6.70 6.50 6.50 - 8.00-13.50 7.07-13.50 - 3.73-13.00
fkdjeïnr® 5.00 7.00 7.25 7.00 7.50 7.25 6.50 - 9.00-14.00 7.07-13.50 - 3.73-13.00
foieïnr® 5.00 7.00 7.25 7.00 7.50 7.25 6.50 - 9.00-14.00 7.07-13.50 - 3.73-13.00

2016 ckjd˙ 4.50 8.00 8.25 7.85 8.50 8.25 7.25 - 9.00-12.90 7.59-13.50 - 3.73-6.00
fmnrjd˙ 4.50 8.00 8.25 7.85 8.50 8.25 8.25 - 9.00-12.90 8.12-13.50 - 3.73-6.00
udr®;= 4.50 8.25 8.50 8.10 8.75 8.50 8.25 - 9.00-14.00 8.12-13.50 - 3.73-6.00
wfm%a,a 4.50 8.25 8.50 8.10 8.75 8.50 8.50 - 9.50-13.50 8.38-13.50 - 3.73-6.00
uehs 4.50 8.25 8.50 8.10 8.75 8.50 8.50 - 9.00-14.00 8.38-15.00 - 3.73-6.00
cqks 4.50 9.75 10.00 9.50 10.50 10.00 10.00 - 9.00-14.00 9.96-16.00 - 3.73-6.00
cQ,s 4.50 9.75 10.00 9.50 10.50 10.00 10.00 - 9.50-14.00 9.96-16.00 - 3.73-6.00
wf.daia;= 4.25 9.75 10.00 9.50 10.50 10.00 10.00 - 9.00-14.25 9.96-16.00 - 3.73-6.00
iema;eïnr® 4.25 10.75 11.00 10.50 11.50 11.00 11.00 - 9.50-14.50 9.96-20.00 - 3.73-6.00
Tlaf;danr® 4.25 10.75 11.00 10.50 11.50 11.00 11.00 - 9.90-14.25 10.50-20.00 - 3.73-6.00
fkdjeïnr® 4.25 10.75 11.00 10.50 11.50 11.00 11.00 - 9.90-15.00 10.50-20.00 - 3.73-6.00
foieïnr® 4.25 10.75 11.00 10.50 11.50 11.00 11.00 - 9.75-15.00 10.50-20.00 - 3.73-6.00
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2012 ^b& 10.00 11.32 11.69 13.62 13.50 14.10 14.15. 14.25 12.50 14.40 - 14.75 11.00 353,514 655,213 1,542,543 210,626 265,729 276,811 3,974,609 530,391 10.10 11.30 11.65 - 11.70 11.75 11.95 11.85 - -
2013 ^b& 7.54 7.85 8.29 - 10.87 - 10.64 10.97 - 11.55 11.77 11.80 12.13 345,277 682,538 2,067,236 650,291 508,235 530,758 6,751,693 744,390 7.63 8.05 8.23 - 8.83 9.10 9.08 9.69 - -
2014 ^b& 5.74 5.84 6.01 - - - 8.93 - 7.05 7.15 - 7.88 8.63 322,216 710,446 1,319,875 436,778 1,370,621 1,436,446 5,409,509 1,057,396 5.60 5.85 5.95 - 6.30 6.80 7.09 7.14 7.80 8.68
6.45 6.83 7.30 6.70 8.18 8.91 9.79 9.90 9.65 10.82 - 10.94 10.86 228,769 689,602 2,294,059 794,382 1,181,621 1,500,302 6,720,895 1,954,188 6.58 6.80 7.25 - 7.90 9.40 9.90 9.98 11.05 9.13
2015 ^b&
2016 ^b& 8.72 9.63 10.17 11.04 11.62 11.94 11.76 12.03 12.18 11.98 12.08 12.11 14.23 299,261 554,792 2,983,674 474,593 885,600 1,132,664 9,321,832 5,315,810 8.65 9.57 10.17 - 11.38 11.81 12.02 12.21 12.56 -

2015 ^B& ckjd˙ 5.80 5.90 6.05 - - - - - - - - - - 26,252 49,650 74,503 50,901 36,163 68,433 291,903 89,440 5.83 5.90 6.08 - 6.45 7.00 7.13 7.15 7.55 -
fmnrjd˙ 5.98 6.09 6.13 - - - - - - - - - 11.73 15,037 43,963 107,123 46,424 38,468 35,608 266,421 83,274 6.05 6.10 6.18 - 7.03 7.33 7.40 7.65 8.20 9.13
udr®;= 6.55 6.68 6.76 - 8.70 - 9.07 9.55 9.17 9.73 - 10.09 11.20 26,466 87,588 167,362 86,440 125,836 218,491 432,858 192,818 6.55 6.60 6.73 - 7.70 8.49 8.83 9.01 10.00 -
wfm%a,a 6.15 6.32 6.39 8.14 7.96 - - 9.40 - - - 8.98 - 15,956 70,562 934,267 60,124 108,587 126,855 480,628 109,633 6.08 6.27 6.35 - 7.08 7.89 8.11 8.28 8.93 -
uehs 6.07 6.18 6.29 - - 8.15 8.35 - - 8.78 - 9.01 9.67 12,928 56,316 203,855 35,121 82,398 96,487 409,846 129,131 6.05 6.20 6.31 - 6.83 7.68 8.05 8.30 8.94 -
cqks 6.11 6.21 6.28 6.70 7.18 - 8.16 - 8.67 8.82 - 8.89 - 11,611 69,150 162,315 60,413 146,676 191,111 541,413 177,340 6.08 6.18 6.28 - 7.03 7.65 8.03 8.25 9.13 -
cQ,s 6.28 6.43 6.48 - 8.18 8.19 8.39 8.87 9.14 9.58 - - - 15,056 64,547 79,702 63,583 64,228 98,655 417,022 176,095 6.25 6.44 6.47 - 7.13 7.85 8.18 8.31 9.55 -
wf.daia;= 6.53 6.87 6.97 - - - 8.38 9.07 - 9.76 - 9.97 - 17,471 48,285 99,539 76,091 98,937 127,274 602,776 167,223 6.75 7.10 7.20 - 7.80 8.45 9.05 9.42 10.15 -
iema;eïnr® 6.78 7.07 7.18 - - 9.50 9.58 9.90 9.95 10.25 - 10.38 10.96 13,530 35,617 97,513 84,699 95,254 112,744 548,713 172,454 6.70 7.08 7.10 - 8.33 9.10 9.48 9.75 10.53 -
Tlaf;danr® 6.61 6.99 7.06 - - 9.14 8.99 - 9.65 - - - 11.13 20,758 49,621 95,474 77,241 110,720 117,805 529,052 249,186 6.70 6.95 7.10 - 7.55 8.45 9.08 9.13 9.70 -
fkdjeïnr® 6.44 6.40 6.92 - - 8.91 - - - - - - 10.50 27,159 68,422 165,291 104,689 209,112 230,973 695,458 236,209 5.98 6.30 6.83 - 7.30 7.95 8.61 8.70 9.40 -
foieïnr® 6.45 6.83 7.30 - - - 9.79 - - 10.82 - 10.94 10.86 26,545 45,881 107,115 48,656 65,242 75,866 1,504,805 171,385 6.58 6.80 7.25 - 7.90 9.40 9.90 9.98 11.05 -

2016 ^B& ckjd˙ 6.78 7.19 7.80 - - - - - - - - 11.14 12.09 12,933 50,996 164,834 80,223 83,634 93,744 598,426 246,085 7.20 7.50 8.03 - 9.38 9.90 10.03 10.20 10.85 -
fmnrjd˙ 7.14 8.07 8.50 10.00 - - 11.42 - - 11.78 - - 12.15 26,199 50,529 125,546 14,092 91,767 123,740 721,855 384,467 7.48 8.50 8.80 - 10.13 10.75 11.25 11.60 12.00 -
udr®;= 8.90 9.76 10.64 11.75 11.75 12.78 13.00 - - 12.26 13.80 13.93 14.23 20,862 32,630 103,631 18,157 41,300 38,931 569,139 343,642 9.20 10.05 10.30 - 11.63 12.50 12.85 12.88 13.90 -
wfm%a,a 8.45 9.53 10.17 - 11.53 11.78 - 11.98 - - - - - 36,123 71,138 219,004 31,436 126,903 174,939 860,931 233,816 9.00 9.83 10.33 - 11.18 11.40 11.53 11.55 12.27 -
uehs 8.71 9.67 10.48 11.83 11.51 12.11 12.48 11.98 - 12.77 - 12.98 - 50,837 74,566 327,721 53,393 132,410 183,138 908,454 597,126 8.63 9.64 10.45 - 11.28 11.58 11.83 11.96 12.27 -
cqks 8.88 9.86 10.55 11.42 11.58 11.93 11.89 12.03 - 12.36 12.55 12.50 - 17,681 45,682 330,076 119,749 30,187 54,427 684,012 491,147 8.76 9.70 10.48 - 11.07 11.41 11.66 11.81 12.35 -
cQ,s 8.80 9.69 10.48 11.04 11.62 - 12.07 12.03 12.18 12.61 12.08 12.86 - 13,211 41,872 224,134 10,719 81,918 138,404 697,751 440,885 8.72 9.68 10.42 - 11.00 11.38 11.59 11.76 12.32 -
wf.daia;= 9.03 9.94 10.73 - - - 11.76 - - 12.24 - 12.52 - 33,812 56,546 319,617 42,232 44,357 77,765 1,231,175 780,486 9.01 9.89 10.71 - 11.15 11.49 11.70 11.86 12.39 -
iema;eïnr® 8.55 9.39 10.11 - - 10.61 - - - 10.96 - 11.06 - 39,030 43,745 304,865 23,221 115,661 106,857 1,019,533 392,288 8.64 9.56 10.27 - 10.69 10.93 11.11 11.28 11.62 -
Tlaf;danr® 8.60 9.48 10.24 - - - - - - - - - - 20,811 39,216 358,398 32,525 83,525 83,541 861,254 540,529 8.62 9.49 10.14 - 10.99 11.35 11.56 11.68 11.89 -
fkdjeïnr® 8.60 9.55 10.10 - - - - - - - - - - 17,065 28,483 271,013 27,524 37,026 40,039 651,434 461,445 8.67 9.60 10.21 - 11.46 11.80 12.05 12.23 12.61 -
foieïnr® 8.72 9.63 10.17 - - 11.94 - - - 11.98 - 12.11 - 10,697 19,389 234,835 21,322 16,912 17,139 517,868 403,894 8.65 9.57 10.17 - 11.38 11.81 12.02 12.21 12.56 -

^w& oaú;ShSl fj<|fmd< lghq;= ms<sn| úia;r mokï ù we;af;a rcfha iq/l=ïm;a i|yd m%d:ñl fj<∫ka úiska imhk ,o f;dr;=re u;h' uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& fj<| msrsjegqu ld,m˙Éf√oh i|yd iuqÉÑ; w.hla f,i olajd we;'
^we& úls”ï iy ñ,° .ekSï wkqmd;slj, idudkHhla jYfhka M,od wkqmd;slh m%ldY lr we;'
^wE& NdKavd.dr ì,am;a fuka NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr ffokslj ksl=;a lrkq fkd,nk ksid m%d:ñl fj<|fmdf<ys M,od wkqmd;sl o;a; wLKavj fY%A◊hla f,i oelsh fkdyelsh'
^b& jdr®;d lrk ,o o;a; jir ;=< wjidk fjkafoaishg wod< n˙; idudkH M,od wkqmd;sl u; mokï fõ'
^B& jdr®;d lrk ,o o;a; udih ;=< by<u l,ams¯fï ld,hla iys; wjidk fjkafoaishg wod< n˙; idudkH M,od wkqmd;sl u; mokï fõ'
uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh 126 jeks ixLHd igyk
iq/l=ï j¾.h wkqj jdKs◊c nexl= Kh iy w;a;sldrï ^w& ^wd& ^we& ^wE&
^ld,mßÉfþoh wjidkfha §&
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
iq/l=ï jr®.h jákdlu tl;=fjys jákdlu tl;=fjys jákdlu tl;=fjys jákdlu tl;=fjys jákdlu tl;=fjys
^remsh,a m%;sY;hla ^remsh,a m%;sY;hla ^remsh,a m%;sY;hla ^remsh,a m%;sY;hla ^remsh,a m%;sY;hla
ñ,shk& jYfhka ñ,shk& jYfhka ñ,shk& jYfhka ñ,shk& jYfhka ñ,shk& jYfhka

1' f,aLk.; ì,am;a 4,447 0.2 8,672 0.4 5,988 0.3 6,054 0.2 5,673 0.2

2' rcfha iq/l=ïm;a 2,016 0.1 2,427 0.1 6,120 0.3 3,768 0.1 9,893 0.3

3' fldgia" ne∫ïlr" Khlr" „ú; rlaIK Tmamq iy fjk;a 44,959 2.2 40,058 1.9 46,786 2.1 75,796 2.7 80,014 2.3

4' ia:djr" b;s˙ls¯fï iy wfkl=;a uqo,a ;ekam;= we;=Ω

167,423 8.4 195,862 9.4 213,913 9.7 237,194 8.3 331,826 9.3
;ekam;= iy;sl
5' úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a ;ekam;= 15,719 0.8 14,095 0.7 12,701 0.6 16,173 0.6 19,206 0.5

6' fj<| f;d. 57,371 2.9 58,542 2.8 68,964 3.1 87,669 3.1 109,079 3.1

7' ksYap, foam<" hka;% iy WmlrK 437,642 21.8 514,801 24.7 610,033 27.6 788,652 27.6 971,475 27.3

8' fm!oa.,sl wemùï iy fmdfrdka≥ fkdaÜgq 102,205 5.1 118,361 5.7 161,610 7.3 254,191 8.9 374,887 10.5

9' Ndr l=ú;dkais 7,837 0.4 8,411 0.4 12,644 0.6 10,913 0.4 10,969 0.3

10' l,an≥ iy l=,Smsg .ekqï .súiqï 88,090 4.4 93,472 4.5 109,885 5.0 175,472 6.1 197,820 5.6

11' g%elagr® iy fudagr® r: 44,361 2.2 41,787 2.0 50,265 2.3 74,949 2.6 59,790 1.7

12' wfkl=;a iq/l=ï 294,949 14.7 371,229 17.8 423,836 19.1 604,239 21.1 775,350 21.8

13' Wlia lr we;s rka iy wfkl=;a jákd f,day 508,417 25.4 364,714 17.5 224,678 10.1 186,478 6.5 194,721 5.5

14' iq/l=ï rys; 228,527 11.4 253,927 12.2 266,240 12.0 338,580 11.8 414,935 11.7

tl;=j 2,003,964 100.0 2,086,359 100.0 2,213,663 100.0 2,860,130 100.0 3,555,638 100.0

nß; idudkH Kh fmd,S wkqmd;slh 15.98 15.18 11.91 11.00 13.20

^w& tl;=fjñka mj;akd uqo,a YSr®I iy iy;sl ñ, fhdackd l%uh hgf;a ñ,° .ekSï i|yd m%∞kh l< w;a;sldrï yer uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& jd◊c nexl=j, foaYSh nexl= tall u.ska ,nd ≥ka Kh iy w;a;sldrï muKla wka;r®.; fõ'
^we& rchg iy rdcH ixia:dj,g imhk ,o Kh yer
^wE& we;=<;a fkdjk whs;u( wlS%h Kh
mj;akd úksuh wkqmd;sl hgf;a ñ, ° .;a wmkhk ì,am;a ^fmr jr®.SlrKhg wkqj §f,aLk.; ì,am;a¶ hgf;a we;=<;aj mej;sK'&
úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a Kh
uqo,a m%;sm;a;sh" fmd,S wkqmd;sl" uqo,a iy Kh 127 jeks ixLHd igyk
jd◊Ksc nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj; imhk ,o
Kh iy w;a;sldrï ^w& ^wd& ^we&
2015 foieïnr® wjidkhg 2016 foieïnr® wjidkhg
^wE& ^b&
m%;sY;
ldKavh m%udKh tl;=fjys m%udKh tl;=fjys fjki
^remsh,a m%;sY;hlaa ^remsh,a m%;sY;hlaa
ñ,shk& jYfhka ñ,shk& jYfhka

1' lDIsld¾ñl iy ëjr 308,950 9.0 361,463 8.5 17.0

thska"
f;a 72,707 2.1 82,435 1.9 13.4
rnr® 18,459 0.5 23,803 0.6 29.0
fmd,a 12,234 0.4 16,261 0.4 32.9
ù 19,004 0.6 28,947 0.7 52.3
t<jΩ" m<;=re iy iqΩ wdydr fNda. 20,022 0.6 25,093 0.6 25.3
mY= iïm;a iy ls˙ .j md,kh 14,432 0.4 15,387 0.4 6.6
ëjr 11,022 0.3 14,045 0.3 27.4

2' l¾udka; 1,397,487 40.8 1,707,466 40.2 22.2

thska"
b†ls¯ï 639,240 18.6 811,249 19.1 26.9
thska"
fm!oa.,sl ksjdi b†ls¯ï we;=Ω ksjdi ñ,° .ekSï iy wÆ;ajeähd ls¯u 304,227 8.9 386,687 9.1 27.1
ldr®h uKAv, ksjdi 64,563 1.9 69,077 1.6 7.0
wdydr iy mdk jr®. 85,372 2.5 95,334 2.2 11.7
fr†ms<s iy we`.Æï 129,884 3.8 159,358 3.8 22.7
oej" .Dy NdKav iy oej wdY%s; ksIamd†; 14,474 0.4 14,911 0.4 3.0
lvodis iy lvodis ksIamd†; 11,260 0.3 13,336 0.3 18.4
ridhksl" Lkscf;,a" T!IO iy fi!LH wdrlaIK iy rnr® iy
76,174 2.2 76,706 1.8 0.7
ma,diaála ksIamd†;
f,day fkdjk Lksc ksIamd†; 14,994 0.4 16,645 0.4 11.0
uQ,sl f,day ksIamd†; 19,040 0.6 23,610 0.6 24.0
ilia l< f,day ksIamd†;" hka;% iQ;% iy m%jdyk WmlrK 124,892 3.6 148,762 3.5 19.1
wfkl=;a ksIamd†; 14,513 0.4 19,366 0.5 33.4
3' fiajd
950,916 27.7 1,287,626 30.3 35.4
thska"
f;d. iy is,a,r fj<|du 273,033 8.0 387,271 9.1 41.8
ixpdrl jHdmdrh 102,908 3.0 138,726 3.3 34.8
uQ,H iy jHdmd˙l fiajd 217,593 6.3 308,134 7.3 41.6
m%jdyk 53,983 1.6 64,603 1.5 19.7
ikaksfõok iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh 50,049 1.5 61,881 1.5 23.6
uqøKh iy m%ldYkh 15,742 0.5 18,512 0.4 17.6
wOHdmk 7,134 0.2 9,378 0.2 31.5
fi!LH 25,194 0.7 30,454 0.7 20.9
kdúl" .=jka iy NdKav ksIaldYkh 13,248 0.4 28,097 0.7 112.1
4' fm!oa.,sl Kh iy w;a;sldrï ^B&
771,128 22.5 888,561 20.9 15.2
thska"
l,a mj;sk md˙fNda.sl NdKav 143,517 4.2 198,146 4.7 38.1
Wlia ls¯ï 133,418 3.9 132,408 3.1 -0.8
Kh ldâm;a 64,641 1.9 75,947 1.8 17.5
fm!oa.,sl wOHdmk lghq;= 2,223 0.1 2,322 0.1 4.5
fm!oa.,sl fi!LH wdrlaIK 3,300 0.1 3,516 0.1 6.5
fjk;a 378,535 11.0 443,063 10.4 17.0

5' tl;=j 3,428,481 100.0 4,245,116 100.0 23.8

^w& jd◊c nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj; ,nd ≥ka Kh iy w;a;sldrï ms<sn| ldr®;=uh iólaIKh u; mokï ù uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
we;s w;r fuhg jd◊c nexl=j," foaYSh nexl= tAll iy wlafjr< nexl= tAllj, Kh iy w;a;sldrï we;=<;a fõ'
^wd& Kh" whsrd iy jÜgï l< iy ñ,g .;a ì,am;a we;=<;a jk w;r tl;=fjñka mj;akd uqo,a YSr®I we;=<;a fkdfõ'
^we& .Kkh ls¯fï l%ufõoj, fjkialï fya;=fjka fuu ixLHd igyfka we;s o;a; ixLHd igyk 119 ys ±lafjk
fm!oa.,sl wxYh i`oyd ,nd≥ka Kh hgf;a jk o;a;j,ska fjkia fõ'
^wE& ixfYdaê;
^b& ;djld,sl
^B& zlr®udka;Z hgf;a jr®.SlrKh lr we;s zb†ls¯ïZ ldKavhg wh;ajk fm!oa.,sl ksjdi Kh bj;alr we;s w;r"
iudc wdrCIK cd, iïnkaê; Kh fuu ldKavfha we;=<;a fõ'
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj 128 jeks ixLHd igyk
uy nexl=fõ j;alï iy j.lSï
remsh,a ñ,shk

j;alï
cd;Hka;r
cd;Hka;r ixÑ;h foaYSh j;alï ixÑ;h" uqΩ
NdKavd.dr Kh iy w;a;sldrï jHjydr
ld,m˙Éf√oh úfoaYSh rdcH cd;Hka;r rcfha iy uqΩ j;alï$
ì,am;a o uqo,a iy uqΩ
wjidkfha ° iy rdcH úfYaI uQ,H wruqo, rch úiska wfkl=;a j.lSï
we;=Ω ,eìh hq;= ;ekam;=j,
fkdjk .ekqï yd tl;=j iy;sl l< j;alï
úfoaYj, fYaI rch i|yd wfkl=;a m%;sY;hla
iq/l=ïm;a ysñlï iïnkaO iq/l=ïm;a iy .sKqï
we;s uqo,a iy jYfhka
^w& j;alï ^wd&
nexl= fYAI

2012 327,749 554,219 491 80,861 2,590 965,910 111,292 1,844 168,237 37,165 1,284,448 92
2013 541,148 431,703 2,032 83,369 104 1,058,355 109,167 1,375 5,252 71,858 1,246,008 104
2014 603,773 446,262 1,200 78,616 124 1,129,975 143,898 1,489 6,078 182,855 1,464,295 111
2015 666,961 376,041 970 82,666 36 1,126,674 151,132 886 79,217 68,349 1,426,259 92
2016 547,794 378,442 303 116,705 4,730 1,047,975 83,307 484 330,043 65,577 1,527,385 78

2015 ckjd˙ 545,207 397,634 1,178 77,172 64 1,021,254 159,143 1,530 82,090 127,742 1,391,759 104
fmnrjd˙ 521,246 456,839 1,199 77,448 57 1,056,790 159,131 1,544 86,913 117,700 1,422,078 103
udr®;= 462,134 433,025 1,175 75,913 34 972,282 158,660 1,570 65,336 113,756 1,311,603 96
wfm%a,a 534,679 462,233 1,963 77,394 33,259 1,109,528 152,961 1,570 73,293 49,731 1,387,083 97
uehs 413,961 471,324 1,564 77,094 14,497 978,440 152,889 1,570 48,800 47,233 1,228,932 96
cqks 522,208 473,687 1,579 77,859 5,497 1,080,830 150,586 1,167 36,473 47,883 1,316,939 94
cQ,s 460,922 427,405 1,207 77,135 364 967,033 152,945 1,167 66,167 47,766 1,235,078 89
wf.daia;= 483,526 372,964 1,222 78,064 9,913 945,689 152,952 1,167 92,072 47,210 1,239,091 84
iema;eïnr® 563,039 378,885 1,285 82,096 11 1,025,318 152,853 1,167 171,117 45,623 1,396,078 83
Tlaf;danr® 526,609 379,539 1,275 81,476 12 988,911 152,955 1,167 186,278 45,822 1,375,133 83
fkdjeïnr® 652,642 383,861 955 81,371 16 1,118,845 152,912 1,167 115,848 44,494 1,433,267 93
foieïnr® 666,961 376,041 970 82,666 36 1,126,674 151,132 886 79,217 68,349 1,426,259 92

2016 ckjd˙ 542,007 355,675 966 82,273 48 980,969 184,823 886 152,011 87,418 1,406,107 81
fmnrjd˙ 638,667 325,670 985 115,550 3 1,080,875 184,823 886 200,006 43,421 1,510,012 80
udr®;= 613,088 326,962 1,001 117,480 17 1,058,548 184,743 886 222,213 45,611 1,512,001 77
wfm%a,a 571,869 313,315 1,005 118,190 1,480 1,005,859 184,821 886 239,608 40,493 1,471,667 76
uehs 492,149 318,820 797 118,489 3,234 933,490 184,792 886 222,884 40,184 1,382,236 75
cqks 460,860 287,055 597 117,743 1,483 867,738 182,744 677 273,807 40,685 1,365,651 72
cQ,s 659,233 288,207 800 117,684 914 1,066,838 184,889 677 271,561 39,884 1,563,848 75
wf.daia;= 823,098 277,587 594 117,663 32 1,218,974 184,620 677 212,247 41,457 1,657,974 81
iema;eïnr® 605,319 325,525 599 118,685 2,575 1,052,703 184,802 676 213,056 40,304 1,491,542 78
Tlaf;danr® 505,448 376,959 591 117,129 4,149 1,004,275 184,815 676 225,185 40,497 1,455,448 76
fkdjeïnr® 451,821 388,663 301 116,073 354 957,211 184,797 676 232,803 52,703 1,428,190 75
foieïnr® 548,126 378,427 303 116,705 6,238 1,049,800 83,307 484 330,043 65,577 1,529,210 78
^w& rcfha wdh;kj,ska ,nd.;a iq/l=ïm;a we;=<;a fõ' ^iïnkaOhs&
^wd& rcfha iy rch úiska iy;sl l< iq/l=ïm;aj, jákdlu fj<|fmd< jákdlu wkqj olajd we;'
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj 128 jeks ixLHd igyk ^iïnkaOhs&
uy nexl=fõ j;alï iy j.lSï
remsh,a ñ,shk

j.lSï
m%d.aOk .sKqu jHjydr uqo,a ksl=;=j ;ekam;=

ld,m˙Éf√oh wfkl=;a
fkdmshjQ rdcH cd;Hka;r
wjidkfha ° ixirKfhys ixirKfhys j.lSï
iq/l=ïm;a ksfhdacs; ixúOdk"
jd◊c iy
m%d.aOkh w;s˙la;h tl;=j mj;akd mj;akd tl;=j ^we& rch wdh;k iy úfoaYSh rdcH wfkl=;a tl;=j
nexl= .sKqï
fkdaÜgq ldis wfkl=;a iy úfoaYSh
wdh;k nexl= wdh;k

2012 35,000 - 35,000 311,152 6,908 318,060 - 686 14 166,288 569,454 4 736,447 194,941
2013 35,000 - 35,000 332,382 7,389 339,771 - 411 5 148,810 529,238 5 678,469 192,767
2014 50,000 - 50,000 408,773 8,122 416,895 - 305 7 161,009 441,987 5 603,314 394,086
2015 50,000 - 50,000 481,969 9,731 491,700 - 423 5 181,727 550,504 3 732,662 151,897
2016 50,000 - 50,000 541,460 11,318 552,778 - 333 118 303,251 489,396 4 793,102 131,505

2015 ckjd˙ 50,000 - 50,000 404,331 8,190 412,521 - 324 7 163,576 407,847 2 571,756 357,482
fmnrjd˙ 50,000 - 50,000 410,731 8,283 419,014 - 264 2 163,938 438,045 4 602,252 350,812
udr®;= 50,000 - 50,000 447,394 8,417 455,811 - 322 7 163,742 394,161 4 558,236 247,556
wfm%a,a 50,000 - 50,000 440,607 8,533 449,140 - 208 3 163,512 536,126 7 699,856 188,087
uehs 50,000 - 50,000 429,168 8,628 437,796 - 193 4 152,012 427,965 8 580,183 160,953
cqks 50,000 - 50,000 429,753 8,739 438,491 - 313 2 169,551 542,268 4 712,139 116,308
cQ,s 50,000 - 50,000 447,084 8,878 455,962 - 502 53 174,317 451,774 8 626,654 102,462
wf.daia;= 50,000 - 50,000 455,023 9,007 464,030 - 475 14 173,182 494,847 6 668,525 56,536
iema;eïnr® 50,000 - 50,000 456,426 9,213 465,639 - 519 7 174,846 594,234 16 769,621 110,818
Tlaf;danr® 50,000 - 50,000 455,989 9,393 465,383 - 469 4 179,028 548,127 110 727,738 132,012
fkdjeïnr® 50,000 - 50,000 456,828 9,533 466,361 - 297 536 184,228 553,055 6 738,123 178,782
foieïnr® 50,000 - 50,000 481,969 9,731 491,700 - 423 5 181,727 550,504 3 732,662 151,897

2016 ckjd˙ 50,000 - 50,000 472,961 9,846 482,807 - 303 7 235,748 491,511 13 727,581 145,719
fmnrjd˙ 50,000 - 50,000 481,226 9,978 491,204 - 354 154 247,979 612,305 13 860,804 108,003
udr®;= 50,000 - 50,000 533,268 10,208 543,476 - 400 7 248,135 584,621 5 833,168 85,357
wfm%a,a 50,000 - 50,000 511,829 10,371 522,200 - 279 7 240,895 568,271 5 809,456 90,011
uehs 50,000 - 50,000 496,790 10,469 507,259 - 482 7 226,002 510,931 6 737,428 87,548
cqks 50,000 - 50,000 496,947 10,597 507,543 - 467 6 249,609 454,218 4 704,304 103,803
cQ,s 50,000 - 50,000 506,912 10,693 517,605 - 353 5 256,885 650,022 5 907,271 88,972
wf.daia;= 50,000 - 50,000 510,852 10,790 521,642 - 318 6 264,044 719,960 4 984,332 102,001
iema;eïnr® 50,000 - 50,000 513,304 10,911 524,215 - 422 17 269,505 554,234 5 824,182 93,145
Tlaf;danr® 50,000 - 50,000 509,260 11,040 520,299 - 360 17 272,440 520,391 16 793,224 91,925
fkdjeïnr® 50,000 - 50,000 507,408 11,185 518,593 - 298 16 280,359 480,960 4 761,638 97,959
foieïnr® 50,000 - 50,000 541,460 11,318 552,778 - 333 118 303,251 491,221 4 794,927 131,505
^we& uqo,a kS;s mkf;a 91 ^1& ^wd& j.ka;sh hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o uy nexl= iq/l=ïm;a uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj 129 jeks ixLHd igyk

jd◊◊Ksc nexl=j, foaYSh nexl= tAllj, j;alï iy j.lSï ^w&

remsh,a ñ,shk

j;alï
wdfhdack Kh iy w;a;sldrï
w;e;s iy
ia:djr
ld,m˙Éf√oh foaYSh msgrg ñ,g .;a iy jÜgï l< uqΩ j;alï
uy tl;=fjñka Y%S ,xld rcfha ne£ï iy
wjidkfha ° w;e;s nexl= nexl=j,ska ì,am;a
nexl=fjka mj;akd uqo,a wfkl=;a wfkl=;a fyda j.lSï
uqo,a j,ska whúh hq;= wfkl=;a whsrd Kh tl;=j
whúh hq;= whs;u j;alï
whúh hq;= úfoaYSh NdKavd.dr NdKavd.dr rcfha wdfhdack foaYSh wdkhk wmkhk
ì,a m ;a ne`≥ïlr ^wd&
uqo,a iq/l=ïm;a

2012 66,522 169,466 49,840 35,890 155,013 200,718 255,657 134,167 58,183 1,557 20,011 13,087 495,973 1,774,985 2,305,613 326,301 3,757,370
2013 75,164 151,200 25,568 25,762 108,503 398,394 364,205 150,036 68,231 1,337 28,262 15,409 489,383 2,013,271 2,547,661 413,542 4,328,266
2014 87,469 164,428 43,810 14,831 196,950 262,049 557,378 161,594 82,616 780 25,326 16,474 531,878 2,202,030 2,776,488 508,326 4,855,940
2015 103,643 199,646 80,582 17,591 359,740 325,001 505,208 236,285 123,468 484 4,754 13,791 605,893 2,852,731 3,477,653 269,706 5,698,522
2016 123,276 308,671 74,813 20,289 432,933 227,517 692,336 244,969 117,209 1,407 4,785 13,871 707,018 3,478,638 4,205,719 234,850 6,682,581

2015 ckjd˙ 85,607 169,217 40,184 13,816 211,331 255,106 501,140 166,049 85,460 1,049 24,564 15,862 561,554 2,218,336 2,821,365 524,587 4,873,862
fmnrjd˙ 83,961 165,377 38,937 14,318 230,743 317,208 502,234 166,308 85,743 979 25,203 15,683 561,336 2,244,476 2,847,677 434,657 4,887,163
udr®;= 108,147 180,139 63,754 14,116 218,022 333,528 480,435 163,876 86,027 1,026 26,942 16,394 589,480 2,289,787 2,923,629 370,633 4,942,307
wfm%a,a 101,471 210,734 105,908 14,611 223,976 312,552 516,024 180,078 88,211 1,090 28,160 14,936 555,873 2,309,138 2,909,197 319,643 4,982,406
uehs 91,718 174,026 107,559 14,361 254,753 335,685 541,986 183,351 89,601 1,075 27,247 14,941 560,454 2,352,992 2,956,710 309,769 5,059,518
cqks 95,319 197,035 56,028 15,009 250,022 308,744 569,757 196,888 93,348 763 26,732 15,520 561,128 2,411,222 3,015,365 309,603 5,107,119
cQ,s 96,317 194,055 56,704 15,004 270,419 297,347 554,160 213,697 96,994 841 26,355 13,287 577,845 2,464,643 3,082,972 283,139 5,160,807
wf.daia;= 102,159 175,478 54,798 14,883 284,732 285,147 538,707 213,642 99,086 661 26,012 13,957 583,807 2,528,531 3,152,967 286,345 5,207,944
iema;eïnr® 104,798 191,185 67,739 15,596 292,428 363,546 400,943 222,217 103,081 399 27,179 13,931 596,096 2,602,446 3,240,051 294,982 5,296,566
Tlaf;danr® ^we& 101,175 204,744 71,448 14,924 290,955 325,023 419,003 231,217 113,466 788 25,665 14,748 604,587 2,742,378 3,388,166 300,770 5,460,888
fkdjeïnr® 102,797 210,833 110,967 16,002 317,179 327,939 414,112 235,079 121,155 883 26,320 14,662 583,305 2,803,236 3,428,406 309,752 5,594,221
foieïnr® 103,643 199,646 80,582 17,591 359,740 325,001 505,208 236,285 123,468 484 4,754 13,791 605,893 2,852,731 3,477,653 269,706 5,698,522

2016 ckjd˙ 100,184 248,548 47,302 17,010 407,469 291,026 502,802 225,135 123,641 838 4,748 13,134 656,428 2,865,286 3,540,434 258,484 5,762,035
fmnrjd˙ 108,618 253,835 62,491 17,128 401,536 248,269 525,253 244,077 125,615 935 5,705 12,565 649,785 2,917,083 3,586,073 264,830 5,837,724
udr®;= 137,807 250,759 45,493 17,602 387,014 243,356 515,622 262,882 123,993 966 5,337 12,759 664,281 2,994,214 3,677,557 266,747 5,928,832
wfm%a,a 123,771 244,306 63,755 16,912 399,020 225,525 540,694 270,480 125,250 1,049 6,165 10,088 654,752 3,021,036 3,693,091 273,522 5,976,325
uehs 116,841 229,533 54,181 17,985 400,596 204,162 587,792 274,734 124,751 779 6,545 9,642 647,448 3,071,180 3,735,594 255,991 6,002,160
cqks 114,763 258,230 39,171 16,172 372,590 238,979 572,557 258,543 120,453 1,024 5,920 10,337 647,858 3,132,715 3,797,854 256,431 6,045,741
cQ,s 111,372 260,214 48,498 16,228 404,065 275,334 584,624 260,264 118,138 1,278 5,413 12,002 626,331 3,191,770 3,836,794 223,963 6,139,494
wf.daia;= 119,040 277,068 45,729 16,921 406,249 293,850 615,991 242,722 117,574 1,039 5,825 13,756 621,718 3,228,634 3,870,972 183,255 6,189,370
iema;eïnr® 116,537 273,498 50,861 18,882 410,409 279,857 616,295 241,230 121,107 1,346 5,571 14,507 649,424 3,284,143 3,954,991 228,254 6,311,922
Tlaf;danr® 112,922 282,755 43,023 17,240 392,461 269,032 641,427 243,429 123,245 1,237 5,457 14,454 680,389 3,352,325 4,053,861 216,284 6,395,681
fkdjeïnr® 113,646 288,610 44,736 17,623 405,565 248,070 665,541 242,005 124,113 1,240 5,432 13,580 706,165 3,405,764 4,132,182 211,609 6,493,700
foieïnr® 123,276 308,671 74,813 20,289 432,933 227,517 692,336 244,969 117,209 1,407 4,785 13,871 707,018 3,478,638 4,205,719 234,850 6,682,581
^w& jdr®;d lrkq ,nk nexl= ixLHdj 2011 wf.daia;= ui isg 23 la" 2011 foieïnr® ui isg 24 la iy 2014 wfm%a,a ui isg 25 la fõ' ^iïnkaOhs&
^wd& ia:djr iy wfkl=;a j;alïj, nexl=fõ foam<" ,S nvq WmlrK yd úúO j;alï ^fldñia" fmd,S ,eîï wd†h& we;=<;ah'
^we& n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=jla f,i l%shd;aul jQ ã'tµa'iS'iS nexl=j 2015 Tlaf;danr® 1 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† ã'tµa'iS'iS' jr®Ok nexl=j
iu`. tAldnoaO ùfuka wk;=rej ã'tµa'iS'iS nEkala mS't,a'iS hk kñka n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jla f,i l%shd;aul fõ'
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj 129 jeks ixLHd igyk ^iïnkaOhs&

jd◊◊Ksc nexl=j, foaYSh nexl= tAllj, j;alï iy j.lSï

remsh,a ñ,shk
j.lSï
f.jd ksñ b,aÆï ;ekam;= ld,Sk yd b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;= uqΩ ;ekam;= Kh .ekSï
ld,m˙Éf√oh m%d.aOkh"
ixÑ; wka;r® nexl= wfkl=;a
wjidkfha ° Y%S ,xld Y%S ,xld ld,Sk yd foaYSh
wruqo,a yd fkajdislhka wfkajdislhka fkajdislhka wfkajdislhka b,aÆï
rch rch b;s˙ls¯fï tl;=j wka;r® úfoaYSh j.lSï
fkdfn¥ foaYSh úfoaYSh i;= i;= i;= i;= ;ekam;=
i;= i;= ;ekam;= nexl= ^wE&
,dN
2012 375,920 76 14,789 25,398 198,496 4,976 54,401 2,143,136 356,948 243,735 2,554,485 2,798,220 142,492 75,460 365,278
2013 444,945 540 21,780 24,754 219,966 5,713 26,422 2,574,215 379,757 272,753 2,980,394 3,253,147 127,460 111,981 390,732
2014 528,661 112 11,517 34,441 282,722 10,667 30,513 2,848,402 422,601 339,458 3,301,517 3,640,976 145,315 138,443 402,545
2015 ^b& 608,898 857 8,683 44,182 326,926 8,645 29,150 3,342,224 529,750 389,293 3,901,124 4,290,417 182,212 195,717 421,277
2016 716,963 161 8,761 41,661 347,005 7,563 16,419 4,046,935 609,584 405,152 4,672,937 5,078,090 206,131 212,374 469,025

2015 ckjd˙ 534,656 99 13,194 30,240 270,273 7,052 22,280 2,870,361 431,886 320,858 3,324,527 3,645,385 140,550 144,531 408,740
fmnrjd˙ 537,815 119 12,327 30,284 261,623 6,878 22,568 2,895,880 441,254 311,231 3,359,702 3,670,933 131,317 135,167 411,932
udr®;= 537,277 172 13,559 29,065 285,655 6,535 22,397 2,920,304 444,791 334,986 3,387,493 3,722,478 134,965 131,183 416,404
wfm%a,a 544,572 142 13,585 31,907 282,627 6,927 21,874 2,963,107 451,430 335,187 3,436,412 3,771,599 138,630 126,540 401,065
uehs 550,040 237 13,770 29,950 284,722 7,341 22,540 3,010,467 459,571 336,021 3,492,577 3,828,598 137,532 143,897 399,451
cqks 555,035 132 10,279 27,998 286,226 6,842 22,402 3,048,077 470,568 331,477 3,541,047 3,872,525 135,641 141,778 402,141
cQ,s 559,081 150 12,774 29,461 282,361 7,063 21,783 3,090,180 473,961 331,809 3,585,923 3,917,733 129,521 150,541 403,931
wf.daia;= 564,270 120 15,249 28,360 288,108 11,259 22,706 3,133,877 482,354 343,095 3,638,938 3,982,033 129,638 123,122 408,882
iema;eïnr® 574,138 182 8,050 27,096 299,598 8,175 22,276 3,161,358 502,341 343,102 3,685,975 4,029,076 141,248 140,690 411,413
Tlaf;danr® ^we& ^b& 597,679 325 9,229 33,565 300,870 7,490 22,477 3,212,598 511,546 351,480 3,746,621 4,098,101 197,731 147,704 419,673
fkdjeïnr® ^b& 601,938 192 11,954 37,021 305,327 8,766 25,386 3,276,299 519,515 363,260 3,821,199 4,184,459 185,790 180,103 441,932
foieïnr® ^b& 608,898 857 8,683 44,182 326,926 8,645 29,150 3,342,224 529,750 389,293 3,901,124 4,290,417 182,212 195,717 421,277

2016 ckjd˙ 613,523 195 10,239 38,113 309,761 11,906 27,555 3,410,561 554,004 370,214 3,992,120 4,362,334 179,475 198,595 408,109
fmnrjd˙ 614,177 213 11,343 34,582 317,796 9,420 28,100 3,457,874 563,185 373,353 4,049,159 4,422,511 183,067 196,603 421,366
udr®;= 632,325 154 8,689 34,427 323,929 9,133 30,067 3,476,793 576,207 376,331 4,083,067 4,459,399 204,758 197,574 434,776
wfm%a,a 634,205 189 10,095 34,404 317,112 9,048 29,437 3,526,513 577,468 370,847 4,133,418 4,504,265 185,629 210,360 441,865
uehs 638,442 135 13,706 31,784 311,403 8,763 29,591 3,539,255 585,180 365,791 4,154,026 4,519,817 190,459 203,313 450,129
cqks 649,778 252 8,212 31,934 312,835 8,033 20,148 3,604,861 571,854 361,267 4,196,862 4,558,129 177,713 204,926 455,196
cQ,s 662,705 221 9,908 32,022 310,344 7,639 19,625 3,678,122 576,603 360,135 4,274,350 4,634,485 200,311 193,879 448,114
wf.daia;= 668,360 140 7,140 30,320 311,576 7,258 22,343 3,720,656 578,436 356,433 4,321,435 4,677,868 194,378 186,326 462,438
iema;eïnr® 672,458 186 8,591 33,210 321,629 7,437 23,715 3,822,617 576,162 371,053 4,422,494 4,793,547 199,570 185,979 460,369
Tlaf;danr® 685,316 189 11,371 32,799 320,232 6,718 21,912 3,889,139 579,757 371,309 4,490,807 4,862,116 179,534 198,316 470,397
fkdjeïnr® 697,428 164 11,413 37,310 315,241 6,691 21,133 3,963,032 587,561 370,818 4,571,726 4,942,544 192,159 197,673 463,895
foieïnr® 716,963 161 8,761 41,661 347,005 7,563 16,419 4,046,935 609,584 405,152 4,672,937 5,078,090 206,131 212,374 469,025
^wE& uy nexl=j o we;=<;a h' uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^b& ixfYdaê;
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj 130 jeks ixLHd igyk

jd◊◊Ksc nexl=j, wlafjr< nexl= tAllj, j;alï iy j.lSï ^w&

remsh,a ñ,shk

j;alï ^wd& j.lSï ^wd&

wfkajdislhka fkajdislhka wfkajdislhka fkajdislhka uqΩ
ld,m˙Éf√oh
wdfhdack wkqu; ck wkqu; j;alï$
wjidkfha ° wka;r® wka;r® wdfhda
nexl= uy jd◊c uKav,h l< wfkl=;a nexl= uy jd◊c v,h l< wfkl=;a j.lSï
nexl= wlafjr< nexl= wlafjr< uKa
fkdjk nexl=j nexl= jQ wfkl=;a j;alï fkdjk nexl=j nexl= jQ wfkl=;a j.lSï
nexl= tAll hgf;a nexl= tAll hgf;a
wdh;k wdh;k wdh;k wdh;k
2012 25,167 55,635 1,548 20,760 17,724 184,680 335,266 26,487 25,207 356,015 - 79,319 - 100,561 12,423 93,742 667,268
2013 38,749 49,855 1,784 64,518 21,349 202,002 397,067 8,712 34,774 428,129 - 98,185 1,060 111,057 12,330 98,501 784,036
2014 52,067 77,922 805 126,291 41,257 250,115 466,830 13,393 52,210 529,713 - 198,984 - 129,130 13,537 105,107 1,028,681
2015 95,474 82,647 1,124 214,883 45,672 249,771 654,284 26,970 55,081 701,526 - 313,805 - 166,794 9,775 123,843 1,370,824
2016 136,623 105,359 1,169 287,953 26,175 298,761 523,812 18,463 57,928 648,223 - 363,778 6,741 179,827 9,207 132,613 1,398,315

2015 ckjd˙ 61,112 78,072 812 125,476 39,478 254,711 535,392 11,350 42,569 582,552 - 221,384 - 138,323 12,694 108,881 1,106,403
fmnrjd˙ 67,436 69,323 817 124,190 41,478 252,763 566,702 11,685 48,579 592,137 - 232,745 - 139,764 12,037 109,132 1,134,394
udr®;= 66,265 80,033 817 136,852 37,151 229,803 555,743 12,580 46,485 615,617 - 203,170 - 131,985 11,937 110,048 1,119,242
wfm%a,a 69,166 65,263 817 134,288 39,778 233,956 572,165 17,879 49,086 595,837 - 220,593 - 146,434 12,427 108,934 1,133,312
uehs 72,926 80,684 823 145,491 34,275 241,030 570,971 14,546 44,147 602,305 - 236,424 - 157,115 11,054 109,700 1,160,746
cqks 75,467 71,080 822 159,347 23,907 233,277 566,364 18,962 43,605 597,936 - 233,341 137 154,314 10,469 109,426 1,149,227
cQ,s 71,836 60,918 971 173,429 21,183 227,041 574,125 16,639 40,986 586,638 - 243,638 137 152,390 10,644 111,708 1,146,140
wf.daia;= 74,389 70,090 976 172,109 14,057 225,414 577,524 17,676 41,350 593,304 - 239,439 - 153,964 10,412 113,765 1,152,235
iema;eïnr® 84,019 65,356 1,026 196,363 23,488 231,163 623,282 17,447 46,815 636,901 - 265,041 - 157,307 10,483 125,597 1,242,145
Tlaf;danr® ^we& 82,070 64,149 1,024 200,694 43,352 246,208 649,704 21,439 44,245 653,287 - 297,901 - 175,740 10,747 126,718 1,308,639
fkdjeïnr® 92,990 80,309 1,041 211,092 46,033 253,048 647,641 25,369 46,400 695,638 - 314,337 286 164,563 10,243 126,056 1,357,523
foieïnr® 95,474 82,647 1,124 214,883 45,672 249,771 654,284 26,970 55,081 701,526 - 313,805 - 166,794 9,775 123,843 1,370,824

2016 ckjd˙ 99,071 79,928 1,123 208,378 46,032 262,739 668,282 24,527 57,058 673,814 - 351,631 - 171,379 10,269 125,930 1,390,080
fmnrjd˙ 97,836 67,174 1,127 205,225 42,188 256,594 681,827 36,455 49,427 680,062 - 342,459 - 174,664 9,476 132,338 1,388,425
udr®;= 98,791 87,843 1,123 222,939 46,759 250,692 682,469 27,480 50,701 725,349 - 362,094 - 146,733 9,952 123,268 1,418,097
wfm%a,a 102,967 91,999 1,123 216,793 39,295 251,678 659,180 37,156 56,776 727,279 - 337,796 - 151,889 7,856 118,596 1,400,191
uehs 109,850 80,354 1,138 233,125 40,904 256,618 639,823 33,544 61,520 688,261 - 361,824 - 153,656 9,932 120,165 1,395,357
cqks 112,986 85,233 1,134 242,317 42,125 259,586 630,567 36,686 60,776 711,054 - 350,857 - 154,089 10,780 123,078 1,410,634
cQ,s 115,197 100,360 1,138 276,166 47,024 271,266 609,951 28,614 59,410 723,630 - 367,104 - 162,502 10,718 126,351 1,449,715
wf.daia;= 116,664 130,375 1,137 298,488 44,989 275,435 521,708 32,116 59,929 698,744 - 352,968 - 170,348 10,801 128,121 1,420,911
iema;eïnr® 122,594 125,430 1,145 285,479 38,030 274,819 533,348 30,135 62,242 686,158 - 352,973 - 168,143 10,237 131,228 1,410,981
Tlaf;danr® 131,689 108,912 1,148 295,065 28,722 277,161 496,590 23,293 56,435 638,173 - 355,511 - 171,138 9,875 131,448 1,362,581
fkdjeïnr® 122,242 116,876 1,155 292,688 24,904 284,073 496,184 18,449 56,311 614,230 - 368,120 - 179,090 9,506 129,313 1,356,571
foieïnr® 136,623 105,359 1,169 287,953 26,175 298,761 523,812 18,463 57,928 648,223 - 363,778 6,741 179,827 9,207 132,613 1,398,315
^w& wlafjr< nexl= tallhla hkq" kï lrk ,o úfoaY jHjydr uqo,aj,ska my; i|yka .kqfokqlrejkaf.a ;ekam;= Ndr.ekSu iy Tjqkag Kh uqo,a wkqu; uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
ls¯u i|yd" 1979 uehs ui 2 jeks †k ° uy nexl=j úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o wxl 380 ork pl%f,aLhg wkqj jd◊c nexl=jl msysgqjd we;s tallhls'
(i) wfkajdislhka (ii) jd◊c nexl= (iii) wdfhdack uKav,h hgf;a jQ wdh;k" iy (iv) uy nexl=fõ wkque;sh ,;a wfkl=;a fkajdislhka
^wd& úfoaYSh jHjydr uqo,ska w.h lr we;s j;alï yd j.lSï wod< ld,m˙Éf–oh wjidkhg mej;s úksuh wkqmd;sl wkqj Y%S ,xld remsh,aj,g m˙jr®;kh
lr we;'
^we& n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=jla f,i l%shd;aul jQ ã'tµa'iS'iS nexl=j 2015 Tlaf;danr® 1 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† ã'tµa'iS'iS' jr®Ok nexl=j iu`. tAldnoaO ùfuka
wk;=rej ã'tµa'iS'iS nEkala mS't,a'iS hk kñka n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jla f,i l%shd;aul fõ'
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj 131 jeks ixLHd igyk

uQ,H Yla;su;aNdjh ms<sn`o o¾Yl - nexl= wxYh

whs;uh 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&

1' m%d.aOk m%udK;ajh ^m%;sY;hla f,i&
1'1 uqΩ m%d.aOk m%udKd;au;d wkqmd;h ^wj∞ku u; nr ;enQ j;alïj,g kshduk m%d.aOkh& 16.4 17.6 16.6 15.4 14.3
1'2 uQ,sl m%d.aOk m%udKd;au;d wkqmd;h ^wj∞ku u; ner ;enQ j;alïj,g uQ,sl m%d.aOkh& 14.7 14.9 14.1 13.0 11.4
1'3 uqΩ j;alïj,g uQ,sl m%d.aOk wkqmd;h ^wúksYaÑ; fmd,sh iy úfYaI fjkals¯ï rys;j& 7.5 7.4 7.4 6.9 6.4
1'4 uqΩ m%d.aOk wruqo,aj,g Y=oaO wl%Sh Kh°ï 15.7 26.3 17.6 12.8 9.6
1'5 m%d.aOk wruqo,aj,g Kh°ï 184.5 207.4 254.7 276.2 239.8
1'6 uqΩ j;alïj,g m%d.aOkh 8.6 8.2 8.2 7.9 7.8

2' j;alïj, .=K;ajh ^m%;sY;hla f,i&

2'1 uqΩ o< Kh yd w;a;sldrïj,g o< wl%Sh Kh°ï ^wúksYaÑ; fmd,sh rys;j& 3.7 5.6 4.2 3.2 2.6
2'2 uqΩ o< Kh yd w;a;sldrïj,g o< wl%Sh Kh°ï ^wúksYaÑ; fmd,sh iys;j& 5.7 7.7 6.2 4.9 4.1
2'3 uqΩ o< Kh yd w;a;sldrïj,g Y=oaO wl%Sh Kh°ï ^wúksYaÑ; fmd,sh iy úfYaI fjkals¯ï rys;j& 2.2 3.8 2.6 1.7 1.2
2'4 o< Kh yd w;a;sldrïj,g uqΩ fjkals¯ï 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.8
2'5 fjkals¯ï wdjrK wkqmd;h ^uqΩ& 53.4 40.4 50.7 62.3 71.8
2'6 fjkals¯ï wdjrK wkqmd;h ^úfYaI& 41.4 32.5 39.7 46.9 52.1
2'7 uqΩ j;alïj,g uqΩ fjkals¯ï 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1
2'8 uqΩ j;alïj,g uqΩ Kh yd w;a;sldrï ^o<& 61.8 57.7 55.9 58.4 61.2
2'9 uqΩ j;alïj,g wdfhdack 23.9 28.5 27.6 29.1 25.1
2'10 uqΩ j;alïj,g uqΩ wd∞hu 11.3 11.4 9.5 8.5 9.5
2'11 uqΩ j;alïj,g Y=oaO fmd,S wd∞hu 3.9 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4
2'12 uqΩ j;alïj,g fmd,s fkdjk wd∞hu 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1

3' bmehqï iy ,dN∞hS;ajh ^m%;sY;hla f,i&

3'1 ysñlï u; m%;s,dN - n≥ miq 20.3 16.0 16.6 16.2 17.3
3'2 j;alï u; m%;s,dN - n≥ fmr 2.4 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9
3'3 j;alï u; m%;s,dN - n≥ miq 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4
3'4 uqΩ wd∞hug fmd,S wd∞hu 86.3 87.3 85.1 85.8 88.0
3'5 uqΩ wd∞hug Y=oaO fmd,S wd∞hu 34.3 29.0 33.5 38.6 35.4
3'6 uqΩ wd∞hug fmd,S fkdjk wd∞hu 13.7 12.7 14.9 14.2 12.0
3'7 uqΩ wd∞hug fmd,S fkdjk úhou ^fufyhqï úhou& 23.2 21.0 24.3 25.9 22.9
3'8 fmd,S fkdjk úhoug mqoa., úohu 51.6 49.6 48.1 50.0 49.8
3'9 uqΩ wd∞hug mqoa., úhou 12.0 10.4 11.7 13.0 11.4
3'10 uqΩ wd∞hug fjka ls¯ï 2.5 3.9 3.4 3.7 2.3
3'11 uqΩ wd∞hug uqΩ úhou 75.2 79.3 75.9 73.1 75.6
3'12 ldr®hlaIu;d wkqmd;h 49.4 53.4 51.4 51.0 49.3
3'13 fmd,S wdka;slh ^j;alïj, idudkHhg Y=oaO fmd,S wd∞hu& 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6

4' øjYS,;dj ^m%;sY;hla f,i&

4'1 uqΩ j;alïj,g øjYS, j;alï 26.6 31.9 32.2 30.0 27.3
4'2 jHjia:dms; øjYS, yd j;alï wkqmd;h - foaYSh nexl= tall 31.3 37.7 39.5 33.9 30.0
4'3 jHjia:dms; øjYS, yd j;alï wkqmd;h - wlafjr< nexl= tAll 32.1 34.7 33.6 40.0 35.3
4'4 uqΩ ;ekam;=j,g uqΩ øjYS, j;alï 37.5 45.5 47.9 44.9 39.2
4'5 uqΩ ;ekam;=j,g cx.u iy b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;= 35.2 33.9 39.3 40.3 37.1
4'6 flá ld,Sk j.lSïj,g øjYS, j;alï 36.8 46.9 48.8 45.2 40.4
4'7 uqΩ Kh yd w;a;sldrïj,g ;ekam;= 115.1 121.67 120.3 114.6 113.6

5' j;alï$wruqo,a jHqyh

5'1 ;ekam;= ^iuia; j;alïj, m%;sYhla f,i& 71.1 70.2 67.2 66.9 69.6
5'2 Kh .ekSï ^iuia; j;alïj, m%;sY;hla f,i& 15.8 17.1 20.8 21.8 18.8
5'3 m%d.aOk wruqo,a ^iuia; j;alïj, m%;sY;hla f,i& 8.6 8.2 8.2 7.9 7.8
5'4 wfkl=;a j;alï ^iuia; j;alïj, m%;sY;hla f,i& 4.6 4.5 3.9 3.5 3.8
5'5 ;ekam;=j,g Kh°ï 86.9 82.2 83.1 87.3 88.0
5'6 ;ekam;= yd Kh .ekSïj,g uqΩ Kh°ï 71.1 66.1 63.5 65.8 69.3
5'7 ;ekam;=" Kh .ekSï yd m%d.aOkhg uqΩ Kh°ï 64.7 60.4 58.1 60.5 63.7

6' uQ,H há;, myiqlï

6'1 nexl= YdLd 2,246 3,484 3,546 3,549 3,614
6'2 iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% ixLHdj 2,764 3,052 3,276 3,477 3,843
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj 132 jeks ixLHd igyk

uQ,H Yla;su;aNdjh ms<sn`o o¾Yl - n,m;%,dNS jdKsc nexl=

whs;uh 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&

1' m%d.aOk m%udK;ajh ^m%;sY;hla f,i&
1'1 uqΩ m%d.aOk m%udKd;au;d wkqmd;h ^wj∞ku u; nr ;enQ j;alïj,g kshduk m%d.aOkh& 16.0 17.5 17.0 15.3 14.2
1'2 uQ,sl m%d.aOk m%udKd;au;d wkqmd;h ^wj∞ku u; ner ;enQ j;alïj,g uQ,sl m%d.aOkh& 13.9 14.3 14.1 12.8 11.3
1'3 uqΩ j;alïj,g uQ,sl m%d.aOk wkqmd;h ^wúksYaÑ; fmd,sh iy úfYaI fjkals¯ï rys;j& 7.4 7.6 7.5 7.3 6.7
1'4 uqΩ m%d.aOk wruqo,aj,g Y=oaO wl%Sh Kh°ï 14.3 24.4 13.1 9.7 7.6
1'5 m%d.aOk wruqo,aj,g Kh°ï 198.2 197.1 241.7 264.6 223.7
1'6 uqΩ j;alïj,g m%d.aOkh 8.4 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.2

2' j;alïj, .=K;ajh ^m%;sY;hla f,i&

2'1 uqΩ o< Kh yd w;a;sldrïj,g o< wl%Sh Kh°ï ^wúksYaÑ; fmd,sh rys;j& 3.4 5.2 3.6 2.9 2.4
2'2 uqΩ o< Kh yd w;a;sldrïj,g o< wl%Sh Kh°ï ^wúksYaÑ; fmd,sh iys;j& 5.5 7.3 5.6 4.7 3.9
2'3 uqΩ o< Kh yd w;a;sldrïj,g Y=oaO wl%Sh Kh°ï ^wúksYaÑ; fmd,sh iy úfYaI fjkals¯ï rys;j& 1.9 3.3 1.9 1.3 1.0
2'4 o< Kh yd w;a;sldrïj,g uqΩ fjkals¯ï 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.9
2'5 fjkals¯ï wdjrK wkqmd;h ^uqΩ& 58.4 44.4 61.5 72.6 80.3
2'6 fjkals¯ï wdjrK wkqmd;h ^úfYaI& 45.5 35.6 48.1 54.8 58.5
2'7 uqΩ j;alïj,g uqΩ fjkals¯ï 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2
2'8 uqΩ j;alïj,g uqΩ Kh yd w;a;sldrï ^o<& 65.0 61.3 58.7 61.1 63.8
2'9 uqΩ j;alïj,g wdfhdack 20.0 24.4 23.7 26.0 22.1
2'10 uqΩ j;alïj,g uqΩ wd∞hu 11.3 11.5 9.3 8.3 9.4
2'11 uqΩ j;alïj,g Y=oaO fmd,S wd∞hu 4.0 3.6 3.2 3.2 3.4
2'12 uqΩ j;alïj,g fmd,s fkdjk wd∞hu 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2

3' bmehqï iy ,dN∞hS;ajh ^m%;sY;hla f,i&

3'1 ysñlï u; m%;s,dN - n≥ miq 21.7 17.3 16.8 15.7 17.2
3'2 j;alï u; m%;s,dN - n≥ fmr 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0
3'3 j;alï u; m%;s,dN - n≥ miq 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4
3'4 uqΩ wd∞hug fmd,S wd∞hu 85.4 86.6 84.3 84.1 86.7
3'5 uqΩ wd∞hug Y=oaO fmd,S wd∞hu 35.5 30.9 34.8 39.1 35.9
3'6 uqΩ wd∞hug fmd,S fkdjk wd∞hu 14.6 13.4 15.7 15.9 13.3
3'7 uqΩ wd∞hug fmd,S fkdjk úhou ^fufyhqï úhou& 24.1 21.9 25.6 27.2 23.7
3'8 fmd,S fkdjk úhoug mqoa., úohu 50.6 48.4 47.3 48.9 48.7
3'9 uqΩ wd∞hug mqoa., úhou 12.2 10.6 12.1 13.3 11.5
3'10 uqΩ wd∞hug fjka ls¯ï 2.8 4.3 3.8 4.3 2.7
3'11 uqΩ wd∞hug uqΩ úhou 74.0 77.6 75.0 72.2 74.6
3'12 ldr®hlaIu;d wkqmd;h 49.3 52.6 51.6 51.1 49.0
3'13 fmd,S wdka;slh ^j;alïj, idudkHhg Y=oaO fmd,S wd∞hu& 4.3 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.6

4' øjYS,;dj ^m%;sY;hla f,i&

4'1 uqΩ j;alïj,g øjYS, j;alï 23.5 28.0 28.9 27.4 24.9
4'2 jHjia:dms; øjYS, yd j;alï wkqmd;h - foaYSh nexl= tall 26.2 30.8 33.2 28.7 25.5
4'3 jHjia:dms; øjYS, yd j;alï wkqmd;h - wlafjr< nexl= tAll 32.1 34.7 33.6 40.0 35.3
4'4 uqΩ ;ekam;=j,g uqΩ øjYS, j;alï 33.4 39.6 42.8 41.3 35.8
4'5 uqΩ ;ekam;=j,g cx.u iy b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;= 37.9 36.4 42.1 42.6 38.9
4'6 flá ld,Sk j.lSïj,g øjYS, j;alï 32.8 41.6 43.6 41.8 37.2
4'7 uqΩ Kh yd w;a;sldrïj,g ;ekam;= 108.1 115.4 115.1 108.9 108.8

5' j;alï$wruqo,a jHqyh

5'1 ;ekam;= ^iuia; j;alïj, m%;sYhla f,i& 70.3 70.7 67.6 66.5 69.5
5'2 Kh .ekSï ^iuia; j;alïj, m%;sY;hla f,i& 16.7 16.4 20.2 21.8 18.4
5'3 m%d.aOk wruqo,a ^iuia; j;alïj, m%;sY;hla f,i& 8.4 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.2
5'4 wfkl=;a j;alï ^iuia; j;alïj, m%;sY;hla f,i& 4.6 4.5 3.9 3.5 3.9
5'5 ;ekam;=j,g Kh°ï 92.5 86.7 86.9 91.8 91.9
5'6 ;ekam;= yd Kh .ekSïj,g uqΩ Kh°ï 74.7 70.3 66.9 69.2 72.6
5'7 ;ekam;=" Kh .ekSï yd m%d.aOkhg uqΩ Kh°ï 68.1 64.2 61.1 63.3 66.4

6' uQ,H há;, myiqlï

6'1 nexl= YdLd 1,707 2,839 2,894 2,925 2,984
6'2 iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% ixLHdj 2,528 2,797 3,011 3,188 3,523
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj 133 jeks ixLHd igyk

uQ,H Yla;su;aNdjh ms<sn`o o¾Yl - n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=

whs;uh 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&

1' m%d.aOk m%udK;ajh ^m%;sY;hla f,i&
1'1 uqΩ m%d.aOk m%udKd;au;d wkqmd;h ^wj∞ku u; nr ;enQ j;alïj,g kshduk m%d.aOkh& 20.5 18.6 18.6 16.6 15.2
1'2 uQ,sl m%d.aOk m%udKd;au;d wkqmd;h ^wj∞ku u; ner ;enQ j;alïj,g uQ,sl m%d.aOkh& 22.0 20.6 20.1 16.6 13.5
1'3 uqΩ j;alïj,g uQ,sl m%d.aOk wkqmd;h ^wúksYaÑ; fmd,sh iy úfYaI fjkals¯ï rys;j& 7.8 6.3 6.4 4.8 4.4
1'4 uqΩ m%d.aOk wruqo,aj,g Y=oaO wl%Sh Kh°ï 23.0 37.6 45.9 40.7 31.1
1'5 m%d.aOk wruqo,aj,g Kh°ï 111.9 268.5 336.9 382.6 409.6
1'6 uqΩ j;alïj,g m%d.aOkh 9.3 7.7 7.2 5.7 5.1

2' j;alïj, .=K;ajh ^m%;sY;hla f,i&

2'1 uqΩ o< Kh yd w;a;sldrïj,g o< wl%Sh Kh°ï ^wúksYaÑ; fmd,sh rys;j& 6.4 9.3 9.5 6.4 4.5
2'2 uqΩ o< Kh yd w;a;sldrïj,g o< wl%Sh Kh°ï ^wúksYaÑ; fmd,sh iys;j& 7.4 10.8 11.2 7.5 5.2
2'3 uqΩ o< Kh yd w;a;sldrïj,g Y=oaO wl%Sh Kh°ï ^wúksYaÑ; fmd,sh iy úfYaI fjkals¯ï rys;j& 5.0 7.7 8.1 5.6 3.6
2'4 o< Kh yd w;a;sldrïj,g uqΩ fjkals¯ï 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.3
2'5 fjkals¯ï wdjrK wkqmd;h ^uqΩ& 29.7 20.6 19.0 19.4 29.6
2'6 fjkals¯ï wdjrK wkqmd;h ^úfYaI& 22.3 17.2 15.0 13.4 20.6
2'7 uqΩ j;alïj,g uqΩ fjkals¯ï 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6
2'8 uqΩ j;alïj,g uqΩ Kh yd w;a;sldrï ^o<& 42.9 37.8 40.5 41.4 44.3
2'9 uqΩ j;alïj,g wdfhdack 47.0 51.2 49.1 48.4 44.5
2'10 uqΩ j;alïj,g uqΩ wd∞hu 11.3 10.9 10.4 10.0 10.4
2'11 uqΩ j;alïj,g Y=oaO fmd,S wd∞hu 3.1 2.0 2.8 3.6 3.4
2'12 uqΩ j;alïj,g fmd,s fkdjk wd∞hu 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.4

3' bmehqï iy ,dN∞hS;ajh ^m%;sY;hla f,i&

3'1 ysñlï u; m%;s,dN - n≥ miq 13.6 8.6 15.1 20.3 18.3
3'2 j;alï u; m%;s,dN - n≥ fmr 1.8 1.0 1.7 1.6 1.5
3'3 j;alï u; m%;s,dN - n≥ miq 1.3 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.0
3'4 uqΩ wd∞hug fmd,S wd∞hu 91.5 91.2 89.3 94.8 95.7
3'5 uqΩ wd∞hug Y=oaO fmd,S wd∞hu 27.4 17.9 27.3 36.4 32.4
3'6 uqΩ wd∞hug fmd,S fkdjk wd∞hu 8.5 8.8 10.7 5.2 4.3
3'7 uqΩ wd∞hug fmd,S fkdjk úhou ^fufyhqï úhou& 18.0 15.6 17.8 19.4 18.4
3'8 fmd,S fkdjk úhoug mqoa., úohu 59.8 59.9 53.4 58.4 58.8
3'9 uqΩ wd∞hug mqoa., úhou 10.8 9.3 9.5 11.3 10.8
3'10 uqΩ wd∞hug fjka ls¯ï 0.8 1.4 1.7 0.8 0.3
3'11 uqΩ wd∞hug uqΩ úhou 82.2 88.9 79.9 77.8 81.7
3'12 ldr®hlaIu;d wkqmd;h 49.9 60.1 49.9 50.2 51.5
3'13 fmd,S wdka;slh ^j;alïj, idudkHhg Y=oaO fmd,S wd∞hu& 3.3 2.2 3.1 3.8 3.5

4' øjYS,;dj ^m%;sY;hla f,i&

4'1 uqΩ j;alïj,g øjYS, j;alï 45.1 53.2 49.9 46.5 42.9
4'2 jHjia:dms; øjYS, yd j;alï wkqmd;h - foaYSh nexl= tall 61.4 80.3 77.7 68.5 61.4
4'3 jHjia:dms; øjYS, yd j;alï wkqmd;h - wlafjr< nexl= tAll - - - - -
4'4 uqΩ ;ekam;=j,g uqΩ øjYS, j;alï 59.4 79.2 76.4 67.2 61.0
4'5 uqΩ ;ekam;=j,g cx.u iy b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;= 23.4 23.3 25.3 27.6 27.2
4'6 flá ld,Sk j.lSïj,g øjYS, j;alï 58.4 73.9 78.5 64.9 59.5
4'7 uqΩ Kh yd w;a;sldrïj,g ;ekam;= 177.0 177.8 161.0 167.2 158.7

5' j;alï$wruqo,a jHqyh

5'1 ;ekam;= ^iuia; j;alïj, m%;sYhla f,i& 76.0 67.1 65.3 69.3 70.3
5'2 Kh .ekSï ^iuia; j;alïj, m%;sY;hla f,i& 10.4 20.7 24.1 21.7 20.9
5'3 m%d.aOk wruqo,a ^iuia; j;alïj, m%;sY;hla f,i& 9.3 7.7 7.2 5.7 5.1
5'4 wfkl=;a j;alï ^iuia; j;alïj, m%;sY;hla f,i& 4.3 4.5 3.5 3.4 3.7
5'5 ;ekam;=j,g Kh°ï 56.5 56.3 62.1 59.8 63.0
5'6 ;ekam;= yd Kh .ekSïj,g uqΩ Kh°ï 49.7 43.0 45.4 45.5 48.6
5'7 ;ekam;=" Kh .ekSï yd m%d.aOkhg uqΩ Kh°ï 44.9 39.5 42.0 42.9 46.0

6' uQ,H há;, myiqlï

6'1 nexl= YdLd 539 645 652 624 630
6'2 iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% ixLHdj 236 255 265 289 320
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj 134 jeks ixLHd igyk
nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;kj, j;alï iy j.lSï ^w&
remsh,a ñ,shk
ld,mßÉf√oh wjidkfha ° 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^wd&

j;alï 573,435 684,585 814,553 996,127 1,211,891

uqo,a yd nexl= fYaI 25,887 40,907 44,091 43,844 76,129
w;e;s uqo,a 2,100 2,540 3,097 3,391 4,463
jd◊c nexl= fj;e;s cx.u ;ekam;= 9,850 12,168 12,637 12,977 18,967
jd◊c nexl= fj;e;s ld,Sk yd b;=reï ;ekam;= 12,898 24,304 26,149 24,726 51,077
n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï fj;e;s ld,Sk yd b;=reï
;ekam;= 500 340 439 403 695
wfkl=;a wdh;k fj;e;s ;ekam;= 539 1,555 1,769 2,347 928

wdfhdack 40,000 51,776 109,717 99,634 111,708

Y%S ,xld rcfha iq/l=ïm;aj, wdfhdack 18,949 30,623 62,325 58,122 73,205
NdKavd.dr ì,am;a 17,465 26,327 48,690 49,040 62,679
NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr 1,483 4,296 13,636 9,082 10,526
úls”fï wNsm%dh u; r|jd.;a fldgia 4,344 4,607 6,990 6,269 6,221
Khlr 597 1,684 909 2,418 1,238
fjk;a iud.ïj, fldgia 2,136 1,472 1,699 2,616 1,561
wdY%s; iud.ï iy md,s; iud.ïj, fldgia 6,243 5,584 26,821 27,408 26,676
wdfhdack foam< 6,659 7,541 8,668 9,990 11,218
wfkl=;a wdfhdack 1, 526 1,522 3,382 5,302 1,543
wdfhdack iq/l=ïj, w.h wvqùu u; fjka ls¯ï (455) (1,258) (1,079) (12,492) (9,954)

Kh iy w;a;sldrï ^Y=oaO& 448,941 521,320 603,748 795,844 962,672

l,an≥ 214,866 249,117 275,593 419,296 490,412
l=,Smsg .ekqï 122,985 122,176 120,613 73,364 42,241
Kh 91,267 144,443 210,704 307,816 431,332
ksYap, foam< 5,909 5,211 4,308 3,619 2,194
Wlia w;a;sldrï 31,374 26,279 22,577 23,934 27,225
iïnkaê; mdr®Yjj,ska ,eìh hq;= Kh 5,296 5,860 7,554 9,643 12,901
wl%sh Kh u; fjka ls¯ï iy wúksYaÑ; fmd<sh (22,757) (31,765) (37,601) (41,828) (43,634)

fj<| f;d. 14,292 15,065 14,572 12,936 7,662

ksYap, foam< 9,926 8,065 7,006 5,737 2,955
kej; w;am;a lr.;a whs;uhka 2,239 4,768 6,173 4,821 4,126
wfkl=;a 2,128 2,232 1,392 2,378 582

ia:djr j;alï 19,921 21,888 25,840 28,305 33,326

wfkl=;a j;alï 24,394 33,628 16,585 15,565 20,394

j.lSï 573,435 684,585 814,553 996,127 1,211,891

m%d.aOk .sKqu 93,614 96,584 116,870 123,139 146,107

f.jd ksñ m%d.aOkh 58,829 58,894 65,899 63,026 64,297
r`ojd.;a ,dN we;=<;aj ixÑ; wruqo,a 34,785 37,690 50,971 60,113 81,810

;ekam;= 254,117 337,297 414,116 480,636 530,958

ld,Sk ;ekam;= 248,516 328,062 396,468 457,486 507,906
b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;= 4,855 8,563 16,984 22,568 22,184
;ekam;= iy;slm;a 747 672 664 581 869

Kh .ekSï 177,284 193,111 217,385 314,295 438,662

uQ,H wdh;k 96,383 94,938 110,835 176,595 276,951
wfkl=;a 80,900 98,173 106,550 137,700 161,711

wfkl=;a j.lSï 48,420 57,593 66,181 78,058 96,164

wdh;k ixLHdj 60 58 56 53 53
^w& nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;k wxYh n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYAIs; l,anÿ uQ,HlrK iud.ïj,ska iukaú; fõ' uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj 135 jeks ixLHd igyk

uQ,H Yla;su;aNdjh ms<sn`o o¾Yl - n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï iy úfYaIs; l,anÿ uQ,HlrK iud.ï wxYh

whs;uh 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&

1' m%d.aOk m%udK;ajh
1'1 wj∞ku u; nr ;enQ j;alïj,g kshduk m%d.aOkh 16.0 14.8 13.5 11.2 11.7
1'2 wj∞ku u; nr ;enQ j;alïj,g m<uq fm< m%d.aOkh 15.4 13.5 12.8 10.5 11.3
1'3 uqΩ j;alïj,g m%d.aOk wruqo,a 14.5 13.2 13.4 11.6 11.4
1'4 m%d.aOk wruqo,aj,g Kh ^jdr .Kk& 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.6 3.0
1'5 m%d.aOk wruqo,aj,g wdfhdack foam< 7.7 8.0 7.6 8.2 7.8
1'6 m%d.aOk wruqo,aj,g Y=oaO wl%Sh Kh°ï 8.9 14.4 12.9 10.9 8.4

2' j;alïj, .=Kd;aulNdjh

2'1 uqΩ o< Kh°ïj,g wl%Sh Kh°ï 5.0 6.7 6.9 5.7 5.3
2'2 uqΩ o< Kh°ïj,g Y=oaO wl%Sh Kh°ï 1.6 2.5 2.3 1.6 1.2
2'3 uqΩ Kh°ïj,g kshulrk ,o wl%sh Kh u; fjkals¯ï 2.6 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.9
2'4 uqΩ Kh°ïj,g fjka ls¯ï 2.8 3.8 4.1 3.5 3.5
2'5 fjkals¯ï wdjrK wkqmd;h ^úfYaI& 45.0 45.2 50.9 59.4 63.9
2'6 fjkals¯ï wdjrK wkqmd;h ^uqΩ& 55.2 56.0 59.3 61.0 65.7

3' øjYS,;dj
3'1 uqΩ j;alïj,g øjYS, j;alï 5.6 8.0 9.6 7.6 7.1
3'2 ndysr wruqo,aj,g øjYS, j;alï 7.7 10.9 13.0 10.0 9.3

4' bmehqï
4'1 j;alï u; m%;s,dN ^jdr®Isl moku u;& 3.8 2.3 3.1 3.0 4.0
4'2 ysñlï u; m%;s,dN ^jdr®Isl moku u;& 16.2 9.0 14.0 12.4 23.1
4'3 fmd,S úhoug fmd,S wd∞hu 174.5 163.5 189.9 220.6 195.2
4'4 n≥ miq ,dNhg Y=oaO fmd,S wd∞hu 280.3 517.7 418.9 542.2 292.6
4'5 Y=oaO fmd,S wd∞hug fufyhqï úhou 74.5 85.0 76.5 81.5 71.2
4'6 o< j;alïj,g Y=oaO fmd,S wd∞hu 7.3 6.9 8.0 8.7 7.9
4'7 fmd,S wd∞hug Y=oaO fmd,S wd∞hu 42.7 38.8 47.3 54.7 48.8
4'8 uqΩ úhoug fmd,S fkdjk wd∞hu 14.9 13.9 15.9 15.7 16.6
4'9 ldr®hlaIu;d wkqmd;h 56.4 62.3 57.7 63.8 54.5
4'10 uqΩ wd∞hug uqΩ úhou 80.3 88.8 84.2 83.5 78.3

5' j;alï$wruqo,a jHqyh ^iuia; j;alïj,ska m%;sY;hla f,i&

5'1 Kh .ekSï 29.5 26.8 25.4 29.9 34.7
5'2 wdfhdack 6.8 7.4 13.0 10.7 9.6

6' Kh °ï
6'1 uqΩ Kh iy w;a;sldrï jr®Ok wkqmd;h 21.4 17.3 12.9 30.6 20.1
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj 136 jeks ixLHd igyk

uQ,H Yla;su;aNdjh ms<sn`o o¾Yl - n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ï

whs;uh 2012 2013 2014 2015 ^w& 2016 ^wd&

1' m%d.aOk m%udK;ajh
1'1 wj∞ku u; nr ;enQ j;alïj,g kshduk m%d.aOkh 14.6 13.5 12.1 9.8 10.2
1'2 wj∞ku u; nr ;enQ j;alïj,g m<uq fm< m%d.aOkh 13.9 12.0 11.4 9.1 9.9
1'3 uqΩ j;alïj,g m%d.aOk wruqo,a 13.2 12.0 12.2 10.4 10.3
1'4 ;ekam;=j,g m%d.aOk wruqo,a ^jdr .Kk& 3.6 4.3 4.4 4.8 4.4
1'5 m%d.aOk wruqo,aj,g Y=oaO wl%Sh Kh°ï 10.2 16.1 14.5 12.8 9.9

2' j;alïj, .=Kd;aulNdjh

2'1 uqΩ Kh°ïj,g o< wl%Sh Kh 5.1 6.8 7.2 6.0 5.6
2'2 wl%Sh Kh°ïj,g fjkals¯ï 53.4 55.4 59.1 60.5 65.3

3' øjYS,;dj
3'1 uqΩ j;alïj,g øjYS, j;alï 5.6 8.1 9.5 7.4 7.0
3'2 ndysr wruqo,aj,g øjYS, j;alï 7.6 10.9 12.6 9.7 8.9

4' bmehqï
4'1 j;alï u; m%;s,dN - n≥ fmr ^jdr®Isl moku u;& 4.3 3.2 4.0 3.5 4.4
4'2 j;alï u; m%;s,dN - n≥ miq ^jdr®Isl moku u;& 2.6 1.1 1.6 1.2 2.5
4'3 ysñlï u; m%;s,dN - n≥ miq ^jdr®Isl moku u;& 18.7 7.8 12.6 10.3 24.1
4'4 o< wdodhïj,g Y=oaO fmd,S wd∞hu 36.0 32.4 38.8 45.5 40.7
4'5 uqΩ j;alïj,g Y=oaO fmd,S wd∞hu 7.9 6.5 7.5 8.2 7.4
4'6 wd∞hug fmd,S fkdjk úhou ^fufyhqï úhou& 28.6 29.4 32.0 39.8 29.9
4'7 fmd,S fkdjk úhoïj,g fiajl úhou 36.8 34.7 36.4 33.0 42.4
4'8 uqΩ wd∞hug uqΩ úhou 82.3 90.5 86.3 86.0 79.1

5' j;alï$wruqo,a jHqyh

5'1 ;ekam;= ^iuia; j;alïj,ska m%;sY;hla f,i& 47.4 51.7 53.1 49.6 45.6
5'2 Kh iy w;a;sldrï ^iuia; j;alïj,ska m%;sY;hla f,i& 78.7 76.7 74.4 79.3 79.1
5'3 wdfhdack ^iuia; j;alïj,ska m%;sY;hla f,i& 6.8 7.4 13.7 11.3 10.0
5'4 ;ekam;=j,g Kh°ï 166.0 148.5 140.0 159.8 173.4
^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl

uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj 137 jeks ixLHd igyk

uQ,H Yla;su;aNdjh ms<sn`o o¾Yl - úfYaIs; l,anÿ uQ,HlrK iud.ï

whs;uh 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ^w&

1' m%d.aOk m%udK;ajh
1'1 uqΩ j;alïj,g m%d.aOk wruqo,a 26.2 25.0 26.7 25.0 24.0
1'2 m%d.aOk wruqo,aj,g Kh .ekSï ^f;da,kh& jdr .Kk 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.7

2' j;alïj, .=Kd;aulNdjh

2'1 uqΩ Kh°ïj,g o< wl%Sh Kh 4.0 5.6 4.0 2.0 1.5
2'2 uqΩ Kh°ïj,g fjkals¯ï 3.0 3.5 2.5 1.5 1.3
2'3 uqΩ j;alïj,g uqΩ Kh 82.4 80.7 83.8 85.0 84.7
2'4 uqΩ Kh°ïj,g uqΩ Kh .ekSï 132.9 128.9 139.4 134.7 131.9

3' øjYS,;dj
3'1 Kh .ekSïj,g Y=oaO Kh °ï 127.9 123.3 135.3 132.3 129.8
3'2 uqΩ j;alïj,g øjYS, j;alï 5.4 7.0 11.3 9.2 9.1
3'3 uqΩ Kh .ekSïj,g øjYS, j;alï 8.7 11.1 18.8 14.7 14.2

4' bmehqï
4'1 j;alï u; m%;s,dN ^jdr®Isl moku u;& 3.6 5.4 7.4 8.9 6.8
4'2 uqΩ j;alïj,g fufyhqï ,dNh ^fjkals¯ïj,g fmr& 3.9 6.8 9.6 10.6 7.5
4'3 ysñlï u; m%;s,dN ^jdr®Isl moku u;& 11.6 15.1 20.9 23.8 17.9
4'4 fmd,S úhoug fmd,S wd∞hu 213.4 216.3 298.9 411.7 272.2
4'5 n≥ fmr ,dNhg Y=oaO fmd,S wd∞hu 149.3 183.8 177.6 161.9 197.0
4'6 Y=oaO fmd,S wd∞hug fufyhqï úhoï 50.3 50.0 42.0 39.3 56.8
4'7 uqΩ wd∞hug uqΩ úhou 68.3 73.4 65.8 57.4 70.4

5' j;alï$wruqo,a jHqyh ^iuia; j;alïj,ska m%;sY;hla f,i&

5'1 Kh .ekSï 62.0 62.6 60.1 63.1 64.3
5'2 wdfhdack 6.5 7.2 5.4 3.3 5.3
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj 138 jeks ixLHd igyk

;ekam;= Ndr .kakd wdh;kj, b;sßlsÍfï iy ia:djr ;ekam;=

remsh,a ñ,shk
b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;= ia:djr ;ekam;=
wfkl=;a
ld,m˙Éf√oh jd◊c cd;sl rdcH Wlia wfkl=;a n,m;%,dNS m%dfoaYSh uqΩ
m%dfoaYSh jd◊c cd;sl rdcH Wlia ã'tµa'iS'iS' n,m;%,dNS n,m;%,dNS
wjidkfha ° nexl= b;s˙ls¯fï yd n,m;%,dNS uqo,a b;s˙ls¯fï yd ixjr®Ok ;ekam;=
ixjr®Ok tl;=j nexl= nexl=j úfYaIs; uqo,a tl;=j
^w& wdfhdack úfYaIs; iud.ï nexl=j wdfhdack nexl=j
nexl=j nexl=j ^wd& ^w& ^B& nexl= iud.ï
nexl=j nexl= ^we& ^wE& ^b& nexl=j ^wd& ^we&
2012 899,955 108,127 695 20,835 6,611 6,538 1,042,763 1,658,072 334,011 14,594 17,099 33,875 27,364 249,441 2,334,455 3,377,217
2013 1,001,486 115,252 800 24,443 8,080 8,571 1,158,632 1,981,964 364,568 18,819 11,134 38,164 35,826 331,367 2,781,842 3,940,474
2014 1,313,946 141,585 1,131 30,466 11,350 16,993 1,515,470 1,990,193 397,636 21,876 18,756 42,059 44,814 399,655 2,914,989 4,430,459
2015 1,565,061 163,367 1,349 37,221 12,485 22,577 1,802,060 2,338,338 418,558 24,700 - 49,119 57,366 460,790 3,348,870 5,150,931
2016 1,670,743 176,347 1,439 41,957 13,329 22,184 1,925,999 3,004,252 463,608 24,892 - 62,732 61,842 507,688 4,125,012 6,051,012

2015 ckjd˙ 1,325,504 142,987 1,184 30,707 10,997 17,683 1,529,061 2,001,613 402,432 21,866 21,319 41,646 44,621 400,303 2,933,799 4,462,860
fmnrjd˙ 1,351,672 146,972 1,221 31,299 11,287 18,188 1,560,639 2,010,588 399,752 22,290 21,171 42,036 45,934 401,321 2,943,093 4,503,732
udr®;= 1,367,526 147,197 1,236 31,896 11,226 17,609 1,576,690 2,022,484 398,060 22,476 21,592 41,609 48,155 403,336 2,957,713 4,534,403
wfm%a,a 1,394,834 149,738 1,263 32,588 11,314 18,041 1,607,778 2,044,071 397,323 22,572 21,097 42,711 49,529 406,900 2,984,204 4,591,982
uehs 1,409,642 151,265 1,232 32,983 11,579 18,702 1,625,403 2,085,405 402,205 22,584 22,266 43,179 51,116 412,576 3,039,331 4,664,733
cqks 1,434,624 153,506 1,274 33,663 11,489 18,324 1,652,881 2,108,861 407,167 22,470 23,215 44,508 51,581 420,578 3,078,380 4,731,261
cQ,s 1,457,074 156,711 1,289 34,751 11,553 21,671 1,683,049 2,131,268 406,492 23,207 25,222 46,583 54,037 425,633 3,112,443 4,795,492
wf.daia;= 1,484,160 158,663 1,298 35,464 11,750 22,588 1,713,923 2,157,165 404,341 23,208 26,269 47,619 52,698 434,602 3,145,903 4,859,826
iema;eïnr® 1,518,337 161,687 1,268 36,358 11,958 23,230 1,752,839 2,169,989 405,000 23,536 27,505 48,456 53,196 441,414 3,169,096 4,921,934
Tlaf;danr® 1,526,651 162,702 1,271 36,844 12,031 22,547 1,762,046 2,222,293 407,810 23,856 - 48,312 55,323 449,574 3,207,168 4,969,214
fkdjeïnr® 1,547,171 163,901 1,280 37,556 12,115 22,844 1,784,867 2,276,331 413,316 24,451 - 48,815 57,202 454,647 3,274,762 5,059,629
foieïnr® 1,565,061 163,367 1,349 37,221 12,485 22,577 1,802,060 2,338,338 418,558 24,700 - 49,119 57,366 460,790 3,348,870 5,150,931

2016 ckjd˙ 1,570,170 166,114 1,328 37,213 12,725 22,378 1,809,929 2,424,194 419,245 25,598 - 49,935 56,457 465,839 3,441,267 5,251,196
fmnrjd˙ 1,581,080 168,263 1,387 37,485 12,846 22,410 1,823,470 2,470,302 424,635 25,568 - 50,600 57,284 469,255 3,497,644 5,321,114
udr®;= 1,600,342 170,886 1,426 37,951 12,757 23,561 1,846,923 2,484,932 431,305 26,244 - 50,468 56,584 469,484 3,519,018 5,365,941
wfm%a,a 1,619,651 172,565 1,456 38,338 13,022 22,882 1,867,914 2,515,955 433,452 25,738 - 51,702 57,455 474,607 3,558,909 5,426,823
uehs 1,601,995 173,099 1,438 38,707 12,993 22,593 1,850,824 2,554,204 435,294 25,754 - 50,927 57,174 479,560 3,602,913 5,453,738
cqks 1,604,241 173,131 1,468 39,176 13,210 22,698 1,853,925 2,594,781 439,482 25,735 - 51,264 57,275 476,827 3,645,364 5,499,288
cQ,s 1,612,146 174,679 1,445 39,598 13,042 22,279 1,863,189 2,664,351 444,998 25,373 - 54,488 58,167 477,427 3,724,805 5,587,994
wf.daia;= 1,611,968 174,504 1,431 40,163 13,059 22,093 1,863,216 2,711,591 446,430 24,515 - 56,423 58,918 483,392 3,781,269 5,644,486
iema;eïnr® 1,617,902 174,754 1,420 40,828 13,072 22,054 1,870,031 2,806,696 449,337 24,828 - 57,979 60,030 489,902 3,888,771 5,758,802
Tlaf;danr® 1,619,411 175,507 1,405 41,706 13,056 21,921 1,873,006 2,873,487 459,689 24,540 - 60,094 60,262 495,761 3,973,833 5,846,839
fkdjeïnr® 1,624,713 176,777 1,408 42,117 13,191 21,955 1,880,162 2,949,088 461,838 24,595 - 60,555 61,253 501,670 4,058,999 5,939,160
foieïnr® 1,670,743 176,347 1,439 41,957 13,329 22,184 1,925,999 3,004,252 463,608 24,892 - 62,732 61,842 507,688 4,125,012 6,051,012
^w& jd◊c nexl= ;ekam;=j, rcfha ;ekam;=" rdcH nexl= fol úiska úfYaI b;s˙ls¯fï fhdackd l%u hgf;a /ia lrk ,o †.=ld,Sk ;ekam;= iy úfoaY jHjydr uqo,a ;ekam;= o we;=<;a fõ' uQ,h( Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& 2010 cQ,s ui 14 jeks †k m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok nexl= tAldnoaO lr m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok nexl=j ia:dmkh lrk ,°'
^we& wfkl=;a n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= hgf;a" iKi ixjr®Ok nexl=j" YS% ,xld ksjdi ixjr®Ok uQ,H ixia:d nexl=j" YSS% ,xld b;s˙ls¯fï nexl=j iy ,xldmq;% ixjr®Ok nexl=j hkd†h we;=<;a
fõ' n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=jla f,i l%shd;aul jQ tï'î'tia't,a' b;s˙ls¯fï nexl=j" ur®pkaÜ nEkala Tµa Y%S ,xld mS't,a'iS' iy tï'iS'tia't,a' µskEkaI,a ir®úiia ,sñgâ iu`. tAldnoaO l<
w;r" tf,i tAldnoaOj msysgqjk ,o wdh;kh 2015 ckjd˙ 1 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† ur®pkaÜ nEkala Tµa Y%S ,xld wekaâ µskEkaia mS't,a'iS hk kñka n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ula f,i
l%shd;aul fõ'
^wE& 2005 fmnrjd˙ 1 jeks †k isg n, meje;afjk m˙† n,m;%,dNS uqo,a iud.ïj,g b;s˙ls¯fï ;ekam;= Ndr .ekSug wjir ° we;'
^b& cd;sl b;s˙ls¯fï nexl=fõ" wfkl=;a b;=reï fhdackd l%u hgf;a fuf;la ±lajQ w.hka" tu nexl=fõ ia:djr ;ekam;= hg;g we;=<;a lrk ,°'
^B& n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=jla f,i l%shd;aul jQ ã'tµa'iS'iS nexl=j 2015 Tlaf;danr® 1 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† ã'tµa'iS'iS' jr®Ok nexl=j iu`. tAldnoaO ùfuka wk;=rej ã'tµa'iS'iS nEkala
mS't,a'iS hk kñka n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jla f,i l%shd;aul fõ'
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj 139 jeks ixLHd igyk
rlaIK lghq;=
remsh,a ñ,shk
whs;uh 2012 2013 2014 ^w& 2015 ^wd& 2016 ^wd&
1' f.jd ksñ m%d.aOkh ^foieïnr® 31 jeks †kg& 20,138 20,376 22,590 ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd'

2' „ú; rlaIKh

„ú; rlaIK wruqo, ^foieïnr® 31 jeks †kg& 170,994 121,454 137,979 ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd'
kj jHdmdr lghq;=
uqΩ rlaIK Tmamq ixLHdj ^tall oyia .Kkska& 492 542 535 ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd'
uqΩ rlaIs; uqo,a jákdlu 164,308 170,803 239,333 ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd'
tl;= lrk ,o uqΩ jd˙l ^we& 13,169 10,377 10,615 ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd'

n,meje;afjk jHdmdr ^kj jHdmdr lghq;= we;=<;aj&

uqΩ rlaIK Tmamq ixLHdj ^foieïnr® 31 †kg tall oyia .Kkska& 2,279 2,264 2,347 ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd'
uqΩ rlaIs; uqo,a jákdlu ^foieïnr® 31 jeks †kg& 609,112 611,609 731,360 ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd'
tl;= lrk ,o uqΩ jd˙l ^wE& 30,949 39,733 42,515 ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd'

m%;s,dN f.ùï
tl;=j 13,725 12,336 14,803 ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd'
l,amsreK ^l,ams¯u wkqj f.jk ,o& 7,739 8,910 10,150 ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd'
urK iy wdndê; 1,131 1,422 1,459 ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd'
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Y=oaO jd˙l f.ùï ^o< jd˙l - m%;srlaIK jd˙l f.ùï& 1,489 1,991 1,481 ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd'
f.jk ,o Y=oaO ysñlï mEu 581 534 661 ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd'
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fufyhqï ,dNh$mdvqj 950 440 -94 ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd'

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f.jk ,o Y=oaO ysñlï mEu 4,069 4,456 5,112 ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd'
mdvq ixÑ;h ^b& 1,091 2,861 2,405 ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd'
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fufyhqï ,dNh$mdvqj 97 62 382 ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd'

6' fudagr® r: rlaIKh

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2012 213,827 884 72,614 33,954 2,167.6 5,643.0 5,119.1 3,085.3 12,206.7 15,925.2 7,172.2 2,651.5 1,822.0 817.4 581.2 3,584.5 19,356.4 108.8 507.8 2,628.6 15,651.6 100,171.8 811.3 105.8 23,415.7 22,928.0 165.4 16,983.8
2013 200,468 828 83,657 60,873 2,459.9 5,912.8 - 3,263.9 12,926.8 20,385.1 6,277.5 2,799.3 1,759.5 794.3 679.7 3,183.9 17,830.1 79.0 566.5 2,857.6 14,954.8 88,625.5 724.0 126.4 21,727.5 19,068.7 156.6 13,351.6
2014 340,917 1,415 104,771 83,554 3,104.9 7,299.0 - 4,089.1 18,101.3 21,467.0 7,307.6 3,825.7 2,105.5 999.9 884.9 3,453.9 20,865.4 78.3 747.0 4,146.2 18,208.8 113,544.9 824.0 196.2 26,053.0 23,567.1 221.8 16,784.4
2015 253,251 1,060 84,418 89,790 2,938.0 6,894.5 - 3,625.7 17,142.7 22,384.6 7,499.8 2,896.8 1,849.4 1,050.5 935.1 3,277.4 17,727.5 63.8 690.1 4,402.9 17,630.8 94,336.1 734.0 170.2 23,621.8 25,607.0 192.3 18,058.5
2016 176,935 737 74,608 74,270 2,745.4 6,228.3 - 3,496.4 15,816.9 21,199.6 6,546.9 2,542.2 1,545.7 950.6 994.5 3,033.5 12,578.3 40.6 634.3 4,310.7 15,140.2 71,716.8 641.2 145.8 17,481.5 27,268.4 168.3 15,898.1

2015 ckjd˙ 24,853 1,381 6,922 6,811 3,042.3 7,180.1 - 3,962.2 18,088.3 22,037.5 7,300.0 3,280.3 1,965.8 1,026.9 861.4 3,437.7 20,561.8 76.0 752.1 4,235.7 17,848.6 110,177.5 815.1 188.2 26,171.0 25,054.1 209.4 16,305.5
fmnrjd˙ 24,142 1,420 8,860 7,469 3,094.6 7,301.3 - 4,115.9 18,982.1 22,637.8 7,368.0 3,396.3 1,928.8 1,005.6 862.8 3,431.1 20,289.8 76.7 741.4 4,280.9 18,129.9 121,942.7 814.8 173.2 27,101.5 26,888.3 207.2 17,243.3
udr®;= 17,272 822 5,226 3,912 2,891.2 6,820.3 - 3,852.4 17,735.3 21,581.2 6,880.3 2,655.7 1,790.5 998.3 799.1 3,281.6 18,985.3 68.8 661.2 4,058.6 16,690.8 112,842.2 757.0 160.0 26,151.0 23,645.3 186.6 15,909.2
wfm%a,a 13,321 701 5,344 4,659 3,048.7 7,179.0 - 4,053.5 18,880.3 22,155.2 7,191.7 2,990.5 1,895.4 1,021.2 848.7 3,392.8 19,882.8 85.5 698.0 4,339.2 17,315.1 118,019.5 782.0 174.6 26,328.4 24,108.6 199.8 17,064.1
uehs 27,325 1,438 7,431 6,729 3,067.3 7,220.3 - 4,000.7 19,295.3 22,340.3 7,229.8 2,869.5 1,873.4 994.2 817.2 3,451.3 19,875.8 82.2 690.3 4,435.0 18,992.8 115,152.8 761.2 158.8 26,753.9 24,507.6 199.8 18,579.7
cqks 16,072 765 3,063 5,758 2,983.0 7,020.8 - 3,908.0 18,515.4 21,279.2 7,189.5 3,059.1 1,884.7 970.6 818.8 3,399.5 19,233.5 78.3 687.0 4,258.9 18,680.1 113,656.6 749.1 156.5 24,797.7 24,933.5 184.8 17,996.8
cQ,s 25,520 1,215 8,738 9,572 3,115.3 7,332.1 - 4,108.0 19,298.1 22,062.7 7,986.7 3,369.2 1,999.5 1,003.1 869.8 3,418.7 20,387.4 81.1 722.8 4,624.2 18,986.0 112,967.2 793.3 168.5 26,595.6 25,240.2 197.1 18,506.9
wf.daia;= 34,205 1,629 6,617 11,070 3,104.3 7,306.9 - 4,026.3 19,146.9 22,501.0 8,111.6 3,239.2 1,942.0 1,002.0 871.0 3,395.5 19,763.7 73.9 704.9 4,638.7 19,330.7 109,899.7 775.8 181.8 26,307.2 26,013.1 201.6 19,617.4
iema;eïnr® 15,841 754 5,635 5,769 2,990.8 7,050.9 - 3,826.2 17,992.8 22,344.3 7,905.0 3,135.1 1,847.5 993.7 876.8 3,322.2 18,380.3 67.2 683.0 4,459.1 18,638.4 108,922.4 771.6 176.3 25,492.7 25,825.4 197.6 18,018.7
Tlaf;danr® 20,720 987 7,752 8,374 2,990.5 7,042.1 - 3,803.0 17,966.1 22,390.9 7,820.8 3,011.2 1,845.1 1,046.8 896.0 3,299.0 18,825.5 67.2 665.8 4,551.6 18,051.3 103,005.1 767.8 182.9 25,644.9 24,836.8 199.3 18,106.6
fkdjeïnr® 13,489 710 4,606 4,726 2,943.3 6,909.2 - 3,657.7 17,091.7 22,689.1 7,484.3 2,953.8 1,846.3 1,025.3 960.1 3,249.5 18,001.4 62.2 681.9 4,394.5 17,866.5 95,691.7 741.0 168.5 24,041.5 25,695.4 194.1 17,864.7
foieïnr® 20,491 976 14,222 14,934 2,938.0 6,894.5 - 3,625.7 17,142.7 22,384.6 7,499.8 2,896.8 1,849.4 1,050.5 935.1 3,277.4 17,727.5 63.8 690.1 4,402.9 17,630.8 94,336.1 734.0 170.2 23,621.8 25,607.0 192.3 18,058.5

2016 ckjd˙ 14,216 748 3,868 6,724 2,706.7 6,340.1 - 3,302.0 15,559.6 21,172.4 6,997.6 2,681.7 1,659.5 956.3 869.0 3,130.4 15,714.8 51.2 658.7 4,004.8 16,620.8 82,040.3 675.6 155.5 23,102.4 25,866.2 173.6 16,510.7
fmnrjd˙ 12,730 670 5,846 4,606 2,646.1 6,191.8 - 3,249.5 15,132.0 21,101.9 7,193.4 2,445.1 1,637.7 900.4 881.2 3,061.9 13,589.5 47.8 648.8 3,788.9 16,735.3 82,050.0 652.3 149.6 22,016.3 24,624.9 161.9 16,020.4
udr®;= 17,909 895 7,051 7,593 2,586.2 6,071.9 - 3,204.4 14,996.2 20,686.7 7,072.1 2,328.0 1,539.5 934.4 876.0 3,026.1 12,881.4 46.1 652.8 3,760.4 16,134.1 77,171.1 647.3 150.0 20,082.6 26,732.3 171.2 15,030.1
wfm%a,a 14,257 792 4,105 5,105 2,776.5 6,516.3 - 3,435.6 16,240.0 21,906.9 7,320.9 2,603.0 1,651.4 1,000.4 1,028.5 3,157.4 15,958.0 60.1 703.8 4,219.3 16,779.5 79,325.4 708.8 169.0 23,058.8 26,960.8 178.0 16,085.6
uehs 17,204 860 6,985 9,621 2,791.2 6,550.5 - 3,425.6 16,015.4 22,812.4 7,193.3 2,492.8 1,642.0 966.5 1,067.5 3,177.9 15,461.1 53.9 696.0 4,206.0 17,919.1 79,344.8 694.4 164.8 21,763.9 27,499.7 182.9 15,836.5
cqks 11,061 503 3,631 4,164 2,677.6 6,283.3 - 3,300.2 15,336.5 22,318.0 7,287.0 2,379.3 1,560.6 942.5 1,026.2 3,098.5 14,321.3 48.9 667.7 4,042.0 16,527.7 72,041.1 664.6 153.3 19,481.9 26,784.5 171.0 14,742.4
cQ,s 11,993 631 4,707 3,279 2,724.8 6,393.9 - 3,414.4 15,771.1 21,893.1 7,045.8 2,479.6 1,623.3 961.5 1,045.2 3,111.5 14,908.4 46.1 673.7 4,281.2 16,731.3 72,298.1 661.6 160.5 19,504.2 27,095.8 174.9 15,866.7
wf.daia;= 20,732 942 7,777 6,803 2,782.8 6,528.2 - 3,585.1 16,201.7 21,976.8 7,168.5 2,760.2 1,674.6 959.5 1,132.1 3,142.3 14,524.1 51.2 700.9 4,467.6 16,412.0 70,759.4 652.5 164.9 19,176.2 27,269.8 176.3 16,689.8
iema;eïnr® 15,282 764 5,723 4,998 2,785.7 6,534.8 - 3,617.3 16,485.9 21,304.4 7,224.6 2,828.1 1,686.3 967.8 1,110.9 3,129.1 14,293.7 49.5 662.9 4,640.9 16,446.8 68,558.4 638.6 156.5 19,116.9 28,986.0 183.6 17,157.7
Tlaf;danr® 9,852 469 4,230 3,017 2,732.4 6,409.2 - 3,559.9 16,091.4 21,005.9 7,042.0 2,659.1 1,649.4 943.2 1,088.4 3,108.3 13,401.8 43.9 647.0 4,499.6 16,340.7 71,648.2 644.6 152.0 18,718.0 27,836.1 178.2 16,666.5
fkdjeïnr® 8,269 394 3,120 3,020 2,659.5 6,241.1 - 3,467.1 15,418.5 21,731.5 6,573.7 2,473.5 1,582.3 919.2 996.9 3,037.5 12,396.9 38.3 621.9 4,326.5 15,799.2 71,229.9 631.8 149.6 17,389.2 27,148.3 165.8 15,777.4
foieïnr® 23,430 1,233 17,539 15,269 2,745.4 6,228.3 - 3,496.4 15,816.9 21,199.6 6,546.9 2,542.2 1,545.7 950.6 994.5 3,033.5 12,578.3 40.6 634.3 4,310.7 15,140.2 71,716.8 641.2 145.8 17,481.5 27,268.4 168.3 15,898.1
^w& 2015 o;a; ixfYdaê;h' uQ,h( fld<U fldgia yqjudrej
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1' iKi ixjr®Ok nexl=j 40,000 15,974 2 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 9.60 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-ck'-11 1,597,390 4,000,000
4,026 4 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 10.00 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-ck'-11 402,610
14,381 2 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 9.90 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-ck'-11 1,438,050
5,620 4 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 10.30 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-ck'-11 561,950
2' fldur®I,a nEkala mS't,a'iS 70,000 44,303 5 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 10.75 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-udr®;=-17 4,430,340 6,179,430
17,491 10 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 11.25 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-udr®;=-17 1,749,090
3' isx.r® ^Y%S ,xld& mS't,a'iS 20,000 4,606 4 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 10.50 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-udr®;=-21 460,560 2,000,000
15,394 3 mdfjk" wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-udr®;=-21 1,539,440
4' ã'tµa'iS'iS nEkala mS't,a'iS ^wd& 70,000 53,155 4 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 10.625 % jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-udr®;=-28 5,315,450 5,315,450
5' yegka keIk,a nEkala mS't,a'iS 70,000 70,000 5 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 11.25 % jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-wfm%a,a-4 7,000,000 7,000,000
6' isx.r® µskEkaia ^,xld& mS' t,a' iS 15,000 4,093 3 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 11.50 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-wfm%a,a-11 409,300 1,000,000
5,907 4 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 12.00 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-wfm%a,a-11 590,700
7' fya,Sia mS't,a'iS 20,000 20,000 3 mdfjk" wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-cQks-7 2,000,000 2,000,000
8' iS'ã'î' µskEkaia mS't,a'iS 10,000 9,984 5 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 12.75 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-cQks-8 998,370 1,000,000
16 5 mdfjk" wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-cQks-8 1,630
9' iïm;a nEkala mS't,a'iS 60,000 59,527 5 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 12.75 % jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-cQks-17 5,952,650 5,952,650
474 5 mdfjk" wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-cQks-17 47,350 47,350
10' fi,dka nEkala mS't,a'iS 50,000 32,723 7 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 13.75 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-cQ,s-25 3,272,280 5,000,000
17,103 5 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 13.00 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-cQ,s-25 1,710,320
174 6 mdfjk" wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-cQ,s-25 17,400
11' ishm; µskEkaia mS't,a'iS 25,000 14,220 3 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 13.00 % jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-iema-27 1,421,990 2,500,000
10,780 5 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 13.50 % jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-iema-27 1,078,010
12' fldur®I,a nEkala mS't,a'iS 70,000 50,718 5 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 12.00 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-fkdje-2 5,071,800 7,000,000
19,282 10 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 12.25 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-fkdje-2 1,928,200
13' yegka keIk,a nEkala mS't,a'iS 60,000 20,000 5 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 11.75 % jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-fkdje-7 2,000,000 6,000,000
40,000 7 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 13.00 % jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-fkdje-7 4,000,000
14' f ikalv., µskEkaia mS't,a'iS 30,000 3,973 2 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 12.00 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-fkdje-17 397,270 3,000,000
… 3 mdfjk" wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-fkdje-17 10
1,895 3 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 13.25 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-fkdje-17 189,510
623 4 mdfjk" wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-fkdje-17 62,270
23,509 4 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 13.75 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-fkdje-17 2,350,940
15' fkaIka g%iaÜ nEkala mS't,a'iS 50,000 38,858 5 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 12.65 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-fkdje-17 3,885,800 5,000,000
11,118 5 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 12.80 % jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-fkdje-17 1,111,790
24 5 mdfjk" wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-fkdje-17 2,410
16' ã'tma'iS'iS' nEkala mS't,a'iS ^wd& 70,000 60,431 7 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 12.15 % jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-fkdje-18 6,043,140 7,000,000
9,569 5 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 12.75 % jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-fkdje-18 956,860
17' mSm,aia ,Siska wekaâ µskEkaia mS't,a'iS 80,000 5,420 3 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 11.90 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-fkdje-23 542,040 8,000,000
6,594 4 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 12.25 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-fkdje-23 659,350
67,986 4 ia:djr( jdr®Islj 12.60 % wr®O jdr®Islj f.jkq ,nk 100.00 2016-fkdje-23 6,798,610
(w) uQ,sl uyck wr®mKh uQ,h( fld<U fldgia yqjudrej
(wd) n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=jla f,i l%shd;aul jQ ã'tµa'iS'iS nexl=j 2015 Tlaf;danr® 1 †k isg l%shd;aul jk m˙† ã'tµa'iS'iS' jr®Ok
nexl=j iu`. tAldnoaO ùfuka wk;=rej ã'tµa'iS'iS nEkala mS't,a'iS hk kñka n,m;%,dNS jd◊c nexl=jla f,i l%shd;aul fõ'
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj 142 jeks ixLHd igyk
Kh fok nexl= úiska m%odkh lrk ,o iuia; j.d Kh
^2016 foieïn¾ 31 Èkg ;;a;ajh&
j.d fok ,o j.d Kh m%udKh ^remsh,a ñ,shk& Kh whùï ^remsh,a ñ,shk& whùïj, m%;sY;h
lkakh ù wfkl=;a fnda. ishÆu fnda. ù wfkl=;a fnda. ishÆu fnda. ù wfkl=;a fnda. ishÆu fnda.

2011$2012 uy 3,752 2,534 6,286 3,046 2,168 5,214 81.18 85.55 82.94

2012 h, 1,775 2,009 3,783 1,521 1,657 3,177 85.68 82.48 83.98

2012$2013 uy 3,527 3,117 6,644 2,625 2,209 4,833 74.41 70.86 72.75

2013 h, 1,900 1,328 3,228 1,830 1,202 3,031 96.30 90.52 93.92

2013$2014 uy 3,174 1,978 5,152 2,698 1,780 4,477 85.01 89.97 86.92

2014 h, 1,588 1,307 2,894 1,493 1,114 2,607 94.03 85.25 90.07

2014$2015 uy ^w& 3,261 3,390 6,650 2,872 2,416 5,287 88.07 71.27 79.51

2015 h, ^w& 2,321 2,839 5,160 1,918 1,505 3,423 82.60 53.03 66.33

2015$2016 uy ^wd& 3,401 3,578 6,979 3,003 1,841 4,845 88.31 51.47 69.42

2016 h, ^wd& 2,450 3,433 5,883 1,808 1,015 2,823 73.79 29.58 48.00

^w& ixfYdaê; uQ,hka( ,xld nexl=j

fldur®I,a nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl - Kh whùï ;j≥rg;a is≥fõ' ãtµaiSiS nexl=j
yegka keIk,a nexl=j
,xldmq;% ixjr®Ok nexl=j
cd;sl ixjr®Ok nexl=j
uyck nexl=j
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok nexl=j
iïm;a nexl=j
iKi ixjr®Ok nexl=j
fi,dka nexl=j
hqkshka nexl=j
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj 143 jeks ixLHd igyk
kj imsß .%dóh ^ireidr& Kh fhdackd l%uh
w;=re wdydr fnda. i|yd Kh fok nexl= úiska m%Þkh lrk ,o Kh ^2016 foieïn¾ 31 jeks Èkg ;;a;ajh&
fok ,o uqo, ^re' '000& uqΩ wdmiq f.ùï ysÛ

j.d lkakh fok ,o fok ,o

wfkl=;a uqo, uqo,
ñ˙ia ΩEKq nv b˙Û= wr®;dm,a t<jΩ tl;=j m%udKfhka m%udKfhka
w;=re fnda. ^w& ^re' '000& ^re' '000&
ishhg .Kk ishhg .Kk

2011 h, 78,388 745,300 26,413 161,339 43,384 8,431 1,063,255 1,021,509 96.07 41,746 3.93

2011$2012 uy 80,781 1,332,895 337,451 361,524 84,026 30,880 2,227,557 2,072,073 93.02 155,484 6.98

2012 h, 69,747 908,919 51,861 163,165 401,336 92,787 1,687,815 1,422,524 84.28 265,291 15.72

2012$2013 uy 120,534 1,153,964 330,021 764,670 225,290 43,996 2,638,475 2,625,499 99.51 12,976 0.49

2013 h, 47,171 740,622 67,691 170,231 43,096 61,957 1,130,768 979,349 86.61 151,419 13.39

2013$2014 uy 137,264 741,291 413,865 353,550 78,818 97,315 1,822,103 1,014,352 55.67 807,751 44.33

2014 h, 39,659 707,125 51,463 258,918 57,730 39,738 1,154,633 807,909 69.97 346,724 30.03

2014$2015 uy 88,528 369,336 589,025 311,551 71,734 49,444 1,479,618 930,037 62.86 549,581 37.14

2015 h, 47,903 512,041 43,292 212,223 82,443 21,641 919,543 757,441 82.37 162,102 17.63

2015$2016 uy ^wd& 182,489 361,060 610,526 217,197 288,980 251,715 1,911,967 1,247,984 65.27 663,983 34.73

2016 h, ^wd& 73,983 441,893 73,856 308,608 146,806 46,304 1,091,450 ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd'
^w& f;,A ,nd.; yels fnda." bÛ=re" lõms" uqxweg" W∫" fidahd fndaxÑ" l=rlalka iy fida.ï we;=<;a fõ' uQ,hka( ,xld nexl=j
^wd& ;djld,sl fldur®I,a nexl=j
ãtµaiSiS nexl=j
yegka keIk,a nexl=j
,xldmq;% ixjr®Ok nexl=j
cd;sl ixjr®Ok nexl=j
uyck nexl=j
m%dfoaYSh ixjr®Ok nexl=j
iïm;a nexl=j
iKi ixjr®Ok nexl=j
fi,dka nexl=j
hqkshka nexl=j
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj 144 jeks ixLHd igyk

j.d rlaIK l%ufha l%shdldß;ajh - ù j.d wxYh ^2016 foieïn¾ 31 Èkg ;;a;ajh&
remsh,a ñ,shk
j.d lrk rlaIKh l< ìï m%udKh tl;= lrk ,o jdr uqo,a f.jQ jka† uqo,a tl;= jQ rlaIK jd˙l uqo,a iy f.jQ jka†
,o ìï ^fylaghdr® '000& ^re' '000& ^re' '000& w;r fjki ^re' '000&
m%udKh ^2& ^3& ^4& ^5&}^3&-^4&
j.d lkakh
^fylaghdr® lDIslr®u yd fi,skaflda lDIslr®u yd fi,skaflda lDIslr®u yd fi,skaflda lDIslr®u yd fi,skaflda
'000& f.dúck rCIK tl;=j f.dúck rCIK tl;=j f.dúck rCIK tl;=j f.dúck rCIK tl;=j
^1& rCIK iud.u rCIK iud.u rCIK iud.u rCIK iud.u
2007 h, 290 2.73 10.32 13.05 2,411 7,505 9,916 488 7,151 7,639 1,923 354 2,277
2007$2008 uy 581 9.58 9.50 19.08 8,044 7,341 15,385 9,519 8,516 18,035 (1,475) (1,175) (2,650)
2008 h, 471 4.39 6.12 10.51 4,771 4,312 9,083 883 2,906 3,789 3,888 1,406 5,294
2008$2009 uy 632 14.17 3.95 18.12 19,441 2,954 22,395 9,133 2,544 11,677 10,308 410 10,718
2009 h, 345 10.26 1.20 11.46 7,134 678 7,812 3,265 456 3,721 3,870 222 4,092
2009$2010 uy 646 14.62 2.81 17.43 25,861 1,965 27,826 11,149 1,200 12,349 14,712 765 15,477
2010 h, 419 7.64 1.56 9.20 15,046 938 15,984 2,437 479 2,916 12,609 459 13,068
2010$2011 uy 730 19.34 4.27 23.61 39,598 3,902 43,500 164,288 11,669 175,957 (124,690) (7,767) (132,457)
2011 h, 487 9.26 3.32 12.58 20,449 2,417 22,866 7,626 973 8,599 12,823 1,444 14,267
2011$2012 uy 774 32.14 5.33 37.47 73,988 4,432 78,420 32,639 1,369 34,008 41,349 3,063 44,412
2012 h, 395 8.52 3.42 11.94 20,319 2,092 22,411 40,122 4,190 44,312 (19,803) (2,098) (21,901)
2012$2013 uy 780 19.69 3.10 22.79 58,363 2,155 60,518 128,499 4,102 132,601 (70,136) (1,947) (72,083)
2013 h, 448 5.46 2.65 8.11 15,753 1,511 17,264 2,999 603 3,602 12,754 908 13,662
2013$2014 uy 651 15.46 3.70 19.16 44,844 2,747 47,591 46,722 1,920 48,642 (1,878) 827 (1,051)
2014 h, 317 4.01 2.51 6.52 12,601 1,642 14,243 5,877 664 6,541 6,724 978 7,702
2014$2015 uy 722 16.69 4.50 21.19 54,516 3,613 58,129 141,411 6,727 148,138 (86,895) (3,114) (90,009)
2015 h, 480 5.76 3.20 8.96 20,977 2,679 23,656 5,067 1,450 6,517 15,910 1,229 17,139
2015$2016 uy ^w& 756 15.33 5.80 21.13 52,127 4,424 56,551 59,184 1,767 60,951 (7,057) 2,657 (4,400)
2016 h, ^w& 394 5.19 2.75 7.94 17,570 1,937 19,507 8,217 242 8,459 9,353 1,695 11,048
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,hka( lDIslr®u iy f.dúck rlaIK uKav,h
iS$i fi,skaflda rlaIK iud.u
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj 145 jeks ixLHd igyk
iuQmldr .%dóh nexl=j, ;ekam;= iy w;a;sldrï ^2006-2016& iy
2016 j¾Ih i|yd Èia;s%lal wkqj j¾.SlrKh
;ekam;= w;a;sldrï ;ekam;=
ld,m˙Éf√oh
wjidkfha° nexl=YdLd yd w;a;sldrï
ixLHdj .sKqï uqo, idudkHh .sKqï uqo, idudkHh w;r fjki
ixLHdj ^re Z000& ^re'& ixLHdj ^re Z000& ^re'& ^re Z000&

2006 foie' 1,608 6,420,569 25,311,550 3,942 2,167,940 14,620,570 6,744 10,690,980
2007 foie' 1,628 6,608,318 32,009,690 4,844 1,314,862 21,711,610 16,512 10,298,080
2008 foie' 1,763 7,027,275 33,042,034 4,702 1,335,219 25,848,980 19,359 7,193,054
2009 foie' 1,717 6,524,326 38,985,734 5,975 1,344,599 22,526,972 16,754 16,458,762
2010 foie' 1,761 7,785,652 45,823,670 5,886 1,322,743 28,079,827 21,228 17,743,843
2011 foie 1,857 7,978,405 52,777,522 6,615 1,367,661 32,543,650 23,795 20,233,872
2012 foie' 1,953 10,063,049 64,435,765 6,403 1,425,456 37,333,113 26,190 27,102,652
2013 foie' 2,080 10,063,049 60,875,130 6,049 1,524,412 39,519,690 25,925 21,355,440
2014 foie' 2,185 8,743,625 89,634,026 10,251 1,454,695 37,756,565 25,955 51,877,461
2015 foie' 2,210 9,631,080 94,685,454 9,831 569,376 39,405,681 69,209 55,279,773
2016 foie' ^w& 2,227 9,394,710 101,225,264 10,775 548,910 49,722,423 90,584 51,502,841

Èia;s%lal
fld<U 163 693,889 10,140,330 14,614 41,484 4,093,640 98,680 6,046,690
.ïmy 279 1,228,100 18,340,966 14,934 52,185 7,988,590 153,082 10,352,376
lΩ;r 102 418,714 5,048,380 12,057 30,043 2,111,401 70,279 2,936,979
uykqjr 160 272,486 5,069,340 18,604 59,420 3,210,400 54,029 1,858,940
ud;f,a 96 192,588 2,420,100 12,566 17,120 1,465,400 85,596 954,700
kqjrt<sh 63 230,625 1,990,860 8,632 11,516 1,604,920 139,364 385,940
.d,a, 142 716,960 7,581,238 10,574 29,653 2,565,915 86,531 5,015,323
ud;r 140 682,436 6,488,400 9,508 29,489 3,510,790 119,054 2,977,610
yïnkaf;dg 69 513,718 4,956,330 9,648 16,194 2,684,670 165,782 2,271,660
hdmkh 31 159,722 760,427 4,761 2,249 210,611 93,647 549,816
ukakdru 7 8,806 128,240 14,563 550 37,525 68,227 90,715
jõkshdj 5 2,745 22,850 8,324 274 26,830 97,920 (3,980)
uq,;sõ 6 3,689 30,006 8,134 111 3,320 29,910 26,686
ls,sfkdÉÑ 6 6,381 81,892 12,834 570 38,040 66,737 43,852
uvl,mqj 16 44,940 59,315 1,320 404 15,720 38,911 43,595
wïmdr 30 61,221 77,076 1,259 4,160 69,203 16,635 7,873
;s%l=Kdu,h 12 43,794 155,445 3,549 1,392 42,480 30,517 112,965
l=reKE., 265 1,426,115 16,187,890 11,351 98,714 9,941,286 100,708 6,246,604
mq;a;,u 102 394,094 6,637,150 16,842 23,823 1,894,190 79,511 4,742,960
wkqrdOmqrh 109 357,423 1,378,550 3,857 25,445 949,321 37,309 429,229
fmdf<dkakrej 42 288,803 2,193,084 7,594 18,298 1,260,355 68,879 932,729
n≥,a, 112 463,093 2,427,555 5,242 20,549 1,461,695 71,132 965,860
fudKrd., 34 95,934 694,390 7,238 7,755 473,061 61,001 221,330
lE.,a, 104 423,182 3,094,920 7,313 21,851 1,275,220 58,360 1,819,700
r;akmqr 132 665,252 5,260,530 7,908 35,661 2,787,840 78,176 2,472,690
tl;=j 2,227 9,394,710 101,225,264 10,775 548,910 49,722,423 90,584 51,502,841
^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( iuQmldr ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j
uQ,H wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh iy moaO;s ia:dhS;dj 146 jeks ixLHd igyk
iuQmldr .%dóh nexl= ix.ïj, ;ekam;= yd w;a;sldrï ^2008-2016& iy
2016 j¾Ih i|yd Èia;s%lal wkqj j¾.SlrKh
;ekam;= w;a;sldrï ;ekam;=
ld,m˙Éf√oh yd w;a;sldrï
wjidkfha° nexl= ix.ï ixLHdj ú'fia'i' iñ;s* uqo,a m%udKh uqo,a m%udKh w;r fjki
ixLHdj ^re' ñ,shk& ^re' ñ,shk& ^re' ñ,shk&

(1) (2) (3) (4) ^3& - ^4& } (5)

2008 foie' 15 252 4,315.8 2,373.7 1,942.1

2009 foie' 15 267 19,365.0 10,650.8 8,714.2
2010 foie' 15 273 21,873.0 9,761.2 12,111.8
2011 foie' 15 283 11,860.5 2,962.5 8,898.0
2012 foie 16 283 11,175.1 3,823.6 7,351.5
2013 foie 13 305 13,306.3 3,237.6 10,068.8
2014 foie' 13 305 18,958.2 3,334.7 15,623.4
2015 foie' 14 305 21,321.3 3,657.4 17,664.0
2016 foie' ^w& 15 304 22,201.2 5,407.3 16,793.9

Èia;s%lal
fld<U 1 11 1,063.5 560.2 503.2
.ïmy 1 17 3,987.1 1,040.6 2,946.4
lΩ;r 1 10 422.1 78.4 343.8
uykqjr 22
ud;f,a
kqjrt<sh
} 1 9
10
} 328.9 74.2 254.7

.d,a, 1 18 2,164.8 175.6 1,989.2

ud;r 1 9 1,294.0 59.0 1,235.0
yïnkaf;dg 1 7 1,531.5 7.2 1,524.3
hdmkh 1 24 136.8 - 136.8
ukakdru - 7 - - -
jõkshdj - 4 - - -
uq,;sõ
ls,sfkdÉÑ } 1
6
6 } 50.8 - 50.8

uvl,mqj - 16 - - -
wïmdr - 19 - - -
;s%l=Kdu,h - 11 - - -
l=reKE.,
mq;a;,u } 1
21
12 } 8,678.0 2,292.1 6,385.9

wkqrdOmqrh 1 17 331.0 311.0 20.0

fmdf<dkakrej 1 9 647.2 330.5 316.7
n≥,a,
fudKrd., } 1
11
5 } 44.8 18.1 26.8

lE.,a, 1 10 79.4 22.9 56.5

r;akmqr 1 13 1,441.3 437.5 1,003.8

tl;=j 15 304 22,201.2 5,407.3 16,793.9

^w& ;djld,sl uQ,h( iuQmldr ixjr®Ok fomdr®;fïka;=j
* - ú'fia'i' iñ;s - úúO fiajd iuQmldr iñ;s
 úfYaI ixLHdf,aLk mßYsIagh
ixLHd igyka
wxl
1' uQ¾; wxYh
ck.ykh iy Y%u n,ldh 1
cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h 2
ñ, 3

2' úfoaYSh wxYh

f.jqï ;=,kh 4
ixÑ;" uq¿ úfoaYSh j;alï" úfoaYSh Kh iy úksuh wkqmd; 5

3' rdcH uQ,H wxYh

rdcH uQ,H lghq;= 6
rdcH Kh 7

4' uqo,a wxYh

uqo,a iólaIKh (M2) 8
fmd,S wkqmd;sl 9

5' iudc wd¾Ól ;;a;ajhka

Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,sl iudc wd¾Ól o¾Yl
1953 - 2003$04 mdßfNda.sl uQ,H iy iudc wd¾Ól iólaIK ud,dj u; mokï ù we;' 10
Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,sl iudc wd¾Ól o¾Yl - m<d; wkqj
mdßfNda.sl uQ,H iy iudc wd¾Ól iólaIKh 2003$04 u; mokï ù we;' 11
Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,sl iudc wd¾Ól o¾Yl - m<d; wkqj
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YS% ,xldfõ uQ,sl iudc wd¾Ól o¾Yl - wxYh wkqj
.Dy tall wdÞhï yd úhoï iólaIK 2006$07" 2009$10 iy 2012$13 u; mokï ù we;' 13


úfYAI ixLHdf,aLk m˙YsIagh uQ,sl wdr®:ßl úp,Hhkays Wmk;Ska

uQ¾; wxYh 1 jeks ixLHd igyk

ck.ykh iy Y%u n,ldh
o< Wm;a o< urK Wmf;a ° „ú; Y%u n,ld iyNd.S;aj fiajd úhqla;s
uOH jdr®Isl wkqmd;slh wkqmd;slh wfmalaIdj wjqre≥ ^w& idlaIr;d wkqmd;slh ^]& ^wd&^we& wkqmd;slh ^]& ^wd&^we&
jr®Ih ck.ykh wkqmd;slh
Z000 ^mqoa.,hska ^mqoa.,hska ^]& ^w&
oyilg& oyilg& mqreI ia;%S uqΩ mqreI ia;%S uqΩ mqreI ia;%S
1950 7,544 39.7 ^wE& 12.6 - - - - - - - - -
1951 7,742 39.8 ^wE& 12.9 - - - - - - - - -
1952 7,940 38.8 ^wE& 12.0 57.6 55.5 - - - - - - -
1953 8,098 38.7 ^wE& 10.9 58.8 57.5 69.0 37.0 53.1 18.9 - - -
1954 8,385 35.7 ^wE& 10.4 - - - - - - - - -
1955 8,589 37.3 11.0 - - - - - - - - -
1956 8,929 36.4 9.8 - - - - - - - - -
1957 9,165 36.5 10.1 - - - - - - - - -
1958 9,388 35.8 9.7 - - - - - - - - -
1959 9,625 37.0 9.1 - - - - - - - - -
1960 9,896 36.6 8.6 - - - - - - - - -
1961 10,168 35.8 8.0 - - - - - - - - -
1962 10,443 35.5 8.5 61.9 61.4 - - - - - - -
1963 10,582 34.1 8.5 63.3 63.7 77.0 32.7 49.8 14.2 7.7 ^wE& 7.3 ^wE& 9.0 ^wE&
1964 10,903 33.2 8.8 - - - - - - - - -
1965 11,164 33.1 8.8 ^wE& - - - - - - - - -
1966 11,439 32.3 8.3 - - - - - - - - -
1967 11,703 31.9 ^wE& 7.5 - - - - - - - - -
1968 11,992 32.0 7.9 - - - 38.6 57.3 19.5 14.3 11.2 20.1
1969 12,252 30.4 8.1 - - - - - - - - -
1970 12,514 29.4 7.5 - - - - - - - - -
1971 12,690 30.4 7.7 64.0 ^wE& 66.9 ^wE& 78.5 35.4 50.7 19.1 18.7 14.3 31.1
1972 12,861 30.0 8.1 - - - - - - - - -
1973 13,091 28.0 7.7 - - 80.8 34.4 48.5 20.2 18.3 13.7 26.8
1974 13,284 27.5 9.0 - - - - - - - - -
1975 13,496 27.8 8.5 - - - 36.6 50.2 22.1 19.7 14.3 33.1
1976 13,717 27.8 7.8 - - - - - - - - -
1977 13,942 27.9 7.4 - - - - - - - - -
1978 14,190 28.5 6.6 - - - 38.0 50.4 26.2 14.8 9.2 24.9
1979 14,472 28.9 6.5 - - 86.2 - - - - - -
1980 14,747 28.4 6.2 - - - - - - - - -
1981 14,847 28.2 5.9 67.7 72.1 87.2 33.8 49.4 17.1 17.9 13.0 ^wE& 32.9 ^wE&
1982 15,196 26.9 6.1 - - - 34.3 49.7 19.4 11.7 7.8 21.3
1983 15,417 26.3 6.2 - - - - - - - - -
1984 15,603 25.1 6.5 - - - - - - - - -
1985 15,842 24.6 6.2 - - - 38.9 52.7 25.4 13.2 ^wE& 9.8 ^wE& 20.3 ^wE&
1986 16,127 22.4 6.0 - - - - - - 15.5 11.3 23.6
1987 16,373 21.8 6.0 - - 88.6 - - - - - -
1988 16,599 20.7 5.8 - - - - - - - - -
1989 16,825 21.6 6.3 - - - - - - - - -
1990 17,015 20.8 6.0 - - - 51.9 ^b& 67.7 ^b& 36.2 ^b& 15.9 ^b& 11.1 ^b& 23.4 ^b&
1991 17,267 21.7 5.8 69.5 74.2 86.6 49.8 ^b& 65.2 ^b& 31.1 ^b& 14.7 ^b& 10.2 ^b& 23.0 ^b&
1992 17,426 21.5 ^wE& 5.9 ^wE& - - - 48.2 ^b& 64.3 ^b& 31.1 ^b& 14.6 ^b& 10.7 ^b& 22.8 ^b&
1993 17,646 20.8 ^wE& 5.7 ^wE& - - - 49.1 ^b& 65.3 ^b& 33.1 ^b& 13.8 ^b& 9.7 ^b& 21.7 ^b&
1994 17,891 20.8 ^wE& 5.9 ^wE& - - 90.1 48.7 ^b& 65.4 ^b& 32.0 ^b& 13.1 ^b& 9.7 ^b& 20.1 ^b&
1995 18,136 19.9 ^wE& 6.0 ^wE& - - - 47.9 ^b& 64.4 ^b& 31.7 ^b& 12.3 ^b& 9.0 ^b& 18.7 ^b&
1996 18,336 19.5 ^wE& 7.0 ^wE& 70.7 75.4 - 48.6 ^b& 65.9 ^b& 31.6 ^b& 11.3 ^b& 8.2 ^b& 17.7 ^b&
1997 18,568 18.8 ^wE& 6.4 ^wE& - - 91.8 48.7 ^b& 65.7 ^b& 32.0 ^b& 10.5 ^b& 7.7 ^b& 16.1 ^b&
1998 18,784 18.2 ^wE& 6.2 ^wE& - - - 51.7 ^b& 67.3 ^b& 36.4 ^b& 9.2 ^b& 6.5 ^b& 14.6 ^b&
1999 19,056 18.1 ^wE& 6.3 ^wE& - - - 50.7 ^b& 67.7 ^b& 34.1 ^b& 8.9 ^b& 6.7 ^b& 13.0 ^b&
2000 19,102 18.2 6.1 - - - 50.3 ^b& 67.2 ^b& 33.9 ^b& 7.6 ^b& 5.8 ^b& 11.0 ^b&
2001 18,797 ^B& 19.1 6.0 68.8 ^wE& 77.2 ^wE& 90.7 48.8 ^b& 66.2 ^b& 31.9 ^b& 7.9 ^b& 6.2 ^b& 11.5 ^b&
2002 18,921 ^B& 19.4 5.9 - - - 50.3 ^b& 67.9 ^b& 33.6 ^b& 8.8 ^b& 6.6 ^b& 12.9 ^b&
2003 19,173 ^B& 19.3 6.0 - - - 48.9 ^W& 67.2 ^W& 31.4 ^W& 8.4 ^W& 6.0 ^W& 13.2 ^W&
2004 19,435 ^B& 18.8 5.9 - - 92.5 48.6 ^W!& 66.7 ^W!& 31.5 ^W!& 8.3 ^W!& 6.0 ^W!& 12.8 ^W!&
2005 19,644 ^B& 18.9 6.7 75.6 67.9 90.7 48.3 ^t&^ta& 67.1 ^t&^ta& 30.9 ^ta&^t& 7.7 ^t&^ta& 5.5 ^t&^ta& 11.9 ^t&^ta&
2006 19,858 ^B& 18.8 5.9 - - 91.5 51.2 ^b& 68.1 ^b& 35.7 ^b& 6.5 ^b& 4.7 ^b& 9.7 ^b&
2007 20,039 ^B& 19.3 5.9 70.3 77.9 91.1 49.8 ^b& 67.8 ^b& 33.4 ^b& 6.0 ^b& 4.3 ^b& 9.0 ^b&
2008 20,246 ^B& 18.5 ^wE& 6.1 ^wE& - - 91.3 49.5 ^W& 67.8 ^W& 33.2 ^W& 5.4 ^W& 3.7 ^W& 8.4 ^W&
2009 20,476 ^B& 18.0 ^wE& 6.2 ^wE& - - 91.4 48.7 ^W& 66.6 ^W& 32.8 ^W& 5.8 ^W& 4.3 ^W& 8.6 ^W&
2010 20,675 ^B& 17.6 6.3 ^wE& - - 91.9 48.1 ^W& 67.1 ^W& 31.2 ^W& 4.9 ^W& 3.5 ^W& 7.7 ^W&
2011 20,892 ^wE&^B& 17.3 ^wE& 5.9 ^wE& - - 92.2 ^wE& 52.9 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 74.0 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 34.3 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 4.2 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 2.7 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 7.0 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´&
2012 20,425 ^wE&^l& 17.6 ^wE& 6.0 ^wE& 72.0 78.6 92.7 ^wE& 52.5 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 74.9 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 32.9 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 4.0 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 2.8 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 6.3 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´&
2013 20,585 ^wE&^l& 17.8 ^wE& 6.2 ^wE& - - 92.4 ^wE& 53.7 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 74.9 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 35.4 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 4.4 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 3.2 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 6.6 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´&
2014 20,771 ^T&^l& 16.9 ^T& 6.2 ^T& - - 93.2 ^wE& 53.2 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 74.6 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 34.6 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 4.3 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 3.1 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 6.5 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´&
2015 20,966 ^T&^l& 16.0 ^T& 6.3 ^T& - - 93.2 53.8 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 74.7 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 35.9 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 4.7 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 3.0 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´& 7.6 ^wE&^ta&^T&^´&
2016 ^T& 21,203 ^l& 15.6 6.2 - - - 53.8 ^ta&^´& 75.1 ^ta&^´& 35.9 ^ta&^´& 4.4 ^ta&^´& 2.9 ^ta&^´& 7.0 ^ta&^´&
^w& 2006 isg ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska mj;ajkq ,nk ldr®;=uh Y%u n,ld iólaIKh u; mokï fõ' 2005 olajd o;a; uQ,hka( fr‚iag%dr® ckrd,a fomdr®;fïka;=j
,nd .; yelafla ck ix.Kk meje;a jQ jr®Ij, yd ióCIK meje;a jQ iuyr jr®Ij, mu◊' ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& 1990 isg ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska mj;ajkq ,nk ldr®;=uh Y%u n,ld iólaIKh u; mokï fõ'
1989 olajd fjk;a iólaIKhka u; mokï ù we;s w;r tu iólaIK yd by; lS iólaIK w;r ksr®jpkj, fjkialï ;sìh yelsh' YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^we& 2010 jir olajd l=gqïn ck.ykfhka" jhi wjq' 10 iy Bg jeä ldKavh o 2011 jifrka miqj jhi wjq' 15 iy Bg jeä ldKavh o ksfhdackh fõ'
^wE& ixfYdaê;
^b& W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;a foflysu o;a; we;=<;a ù ke;'
^B& 2001 ck yd ksjdi ix.Kkh u; mokï fõ'
^W& W;=re m<df;ys o;a; we;=<;a ù ke;'
^W!& ls,sfkdÉÑ yd uq,;sõ hk †ia;%slal foflysu o;a; we;=<;a ù ke;'
^t& 2005 jr®Ifha ldr®;=uh Y%u n,ld iólaIKh tla jrla muKla wf.daia;= udifha ° mj;ajk ,°'
^ta& uqΩ †jhsku wdjrKh jk m˙† o;a; we;=<;a fõ'
^T& ;djld,sl
^´& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;=fïka;=j úiska 2011 jifr® isg b†˙hg" kej; nr ;enQ iy ixfYdaê; Y%u n,ld o;a; fY%a◊hla 2016 cQ,s udifha °
m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,°'
^l& 2012 ck yd ksjdi ix.Kkh u; mokï fõ'
úfYAI ixLHdf,aLk m˙YsIagh uQ,sl wdr®:ßl úp,Hhkays Wmk;Ska

uQ¾; wxYh 2 jeks ixLHd igyk

cd;sl ⁄ksIamdÈ;h ^w&
mj;akd mj;akd tal mqoa., tal mqoa., o'foa'ks' o'foa'ks'hg odhl;ajh ^mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj& o'foa'ks'hg odhl;ajh ^mj;akd o'foa'ks' wjOuklh
jr®Ih fj<|fmd< fj<|fmd< o'foa'ks' o'foa'ks' jr®Ok fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj& ^1996}100& ^we&
ñ, wkqj ñ, wkqj fj<|fmd< fj<|fmd< wkqmd;h lDIsldr®ñl ldr®ñl fiajd NdKav yd fiajd u; m˙fNdackh wdfhdackh cd;sl jdr®Isl jdr®Isl m%;sY;
o'foa'ks' o'foa'ks' ñ, wkqj ñ, wkqj mkjk ,o iykdOdr b;=reï or®Ylh fjki
^re'ñ,shk& ^t'c'fvd' ^remsh,a& ^t'c'fvd'& wvq lrk ,o n≥
ñ,shk& ^wd& ^wd& ^]& ^]& ^]& ^]& ^]& ^]& ^]& ^]& ^]&
1950 46.3 19.6 36.9
1951 6.2 45.8 20.2 36.8
1952 4.6 45.5 17.0 39.5 4.1
1953 1.9 45.2 18.3 38.7 4.3
1954 2.7 46.5 17.9 38.1 4.4
1955 5.9 45.9 16.5 39.6 4.4
1956 0.7 43.0 17.6 40.9 4.5
1957 1.5 39.6 18.0 42.9 4.7
1958 2.9 39.2 16.9 44.0 4.9
1959 6,416 1,348  667 140 1.5 38.8 17.3 43.8 85.1 17.3 13.4 5.0
1960 6,711 1,410 678 142 6.7 37.8 16.8 45.4 88.4 14.6 10.6 5.0
1961 6,875 1,444 676 142 2.1 38.7 16.8 44.5 84.9 16.0 14.2 4.9
1962 6,970 1,464 667 140 4.6 36.5 17.3 46.2 85.9 15.5 13.1 4.8
1963 7,382 1,551 698 147 2.8 38.0 16.9 45.2 86.0 15.7 13.0 4.9
1964 7,793 1,637 715 150 6.4 36.4 16.6 47.0 87.8 14.3 11.3 4.9
1965 8,084 1,698 724 152 2.3 33.6 17.4 49.0 87.1 12.5 12.5 4.9
1966 8,337 1,751 729 153 3.8 33.8 16.7 49.6 89.1 14.3 10.1 4.9
1967 9,037 1,859 772 159 5.1 35.3 16.6 48.1 87.6 15.2 11.1 5.0
1968 10,718 1,801 894 150 8.2 37.2 17.9 44.9 87.1 15.9 12.3 5.5
1969 11,695 1,966 955 160 4.8 34.4 19.4 46.2 87.0 19.3 12.1 5.7
1970 13,664 2,296 1,092 184 4.3 28.3 23.8 47.9 84.2 18.9 15.0 5.9
1971 14,050 2,365 1,107 186 0.2 27.1 24.7 48.2 84.9 17.1 14.7 6.2 3.7
1972 15,247 2,554 1,186 199 3.2 26.3 24.2 49.5 84.3 17.3 14.8 6.4 4.1
1973 18,404 2,876 1,406 220 3.7 27.3 25.4 47.3 87.5 13.7 11.5 7.5 17.6
1974 23,771 3,575 1,789 269 3.2 33.2 25.1 41.8 91.8 15.7 7.5 9.5 25.9
1975 26,577 3,791 1,969 281 2.8 30.4 26.4 43.2 91.9 15.6 7.4 10.2 7.5
1976 30,203 3,591 2,202 262 3.0 29.0 27.1 43.9 86.1 16.2 13.1 10.8 5.9
1977 36,407 4,105 2,611 294 4.2 30.7 28.7 40.6 81.9 14.4 17.7 12.8 18.8
1978 42,665 2,733 3,007 193 8.2 30.5 27.2 42.3 84.7 20.0 15.5 13.8 7.8
1979 52,387 3,365 3,620 232 6.3 26.9 28.2 44.8 86.2 25.8 14.8 16.0 15.8
1980 66,527 4,025 4,511 273 5.8 27.6 29.6 42.8 88.8 33.8 14.0 18.9 18.1
1981 85,005 4,416 5,725 297 5.8 27.7 28.0 44.3 88.3 27.8 14.3 22.8 20.6
1982 99,238 4,769 6,531 314 5.1 26.4 26.3 47.3 88.1 30.8 15.4 25.1 9.9
1983 121,601 5,168 7,887 335 5.0 28.3 26.3 45.4 86.2 28.9 16.4 28.7 14.6
1984 153,746 6,043 9,854 387 5.1 28.7 26.3 45.0 80.1 25.8 22.2 33.6 17.1
1985 162,375 5,978 10,250 377 5.0 27.7 26.2 46.1 88.1 23.8 14.2 33.9 0.9
1986 179,474 6,405 11,129 397 4.3 27.1 26.6 46.3 88.0 23.7 14.5 35.9 5.8
1987 196,723 6,680 12,015 408 1.5 27.0 27.4 45.6 87.2 23.3 15.3 38.4 7.0
1988 221,982 6,978 13,373 420 2.7 26.3 26.7 47.0 88.0 22.8 14.2 42.8 11.5
1989 251,891 6,987 14,971 415 2.3 25.6 26.8 47.6 87.8 21.7 14.6 46.9 9.6
1990 321,784 8,033 18,912 472 6.2 26.3 26.0 47.7 85.7 22.2 16.8 56.3 20.0
1991 372,345 9,000 21,564 521 4.6 26.8 25.6 47.7 87.2 22.9 15.2 62.5 11.0
1992 425,283 9,703 24,405 557 4.3 25.9 25.6 48.5 85.0 24.3 17.9 68.8 10.0
1993 499,565 10,354 28,310 587 6.9 24.6 25.6 49.8 84.0 25.6 20.2 75.3 9.5
1994 579,084 11,718 32,367 655 5.6 23.8 26.2 50.1 84.8 27.0 19.1 82.3 9.3
1995 667,772 13,030 36,820 718 5.5 23.0 26.5 50.5 84.7 25.7 19.5 89.2 8.4
1996 768,128 13,898 41,892 758 3.8 22.4 26.4 51.1 84.7 24.2 19.0 100.0 12.1
1997 890,272 15,092 47,947 813 6.3 21.9 26.9 51.2 82.7 24.4 21.5 108.6 8.6
1998 1,017,986 15,761 54,194 839 4.7 21.1 27.5 51.4 80.9 25.1 23.4 117.8 8.4
1999 1,105,963 15,711 58,038 824 4.3 20.7 27.3 52.0 80.5 27.3 23.5 123.1 4.4
2000 1,257,636 16,596 65,838 869 6.0 19.9 27.3 52.8 82.6 28.0 21.5 131.3 6.7
2001 1,407,398 15,750 74,874 838 -1.5 20.1 26.8 53.1 84.2 22.0 20.3 147.6 12.4
2002 1,581,885 16,536 83,605 874 4.0 20.5 26.3 53.2 85.6 21.2 19.5 160.0 8.4
2003 1,822,468 18,882 95,054 985 5.9 13.2 28.4 58.3 84.0 22.0 21.5 168.2 5.1
2004 2,090,841 20,663 107,581 1,063 5.4 12.5 28.6 58.8 83.6 25.3 22.0 183.0 8.8
2005 2,452,782 24,406 124,862 1,242 6.2 11.8 30.2 58.0 82.1 26.8 23.8 202.1 10.4
2006 2,938,680 28,267 147,985 1,423 7.7 11.3 30.6 58.0 83.0 28.0 22.3 224.9 11.3
2007 3,578,688 32,350 178,586 1,614 6.8 11.7 29.9 58.4 82.4 28.0 23.3 256.4 14.0
2008 4,410,682 40,714 217,855 2,011 6.0 13.4 29.4 57.2 86.1 27.6 17.8 298.3 16.3
2009 4,835,293 42,066 236,144 2,054 3.5 12.7 29.7 57.6 82.1 24.4 23.7 315.8 5.9
2010 6,413,668 56,726 310,214 2,744 8.0 8.5 26.6 54.6 10.2 76.9 30.4 28.5 338.9 7.3
2011 7,219,106 65,293 345,544 3,125 8.4 8.8 28.0 55.1 8.0 79.8 33.4 26.3 351.8 3.8
2012 8,732,463 68,434 427,538 3,351 9.1 7.4 30.1 55.6 6.8 72.8 39.1 33.3 389.9 10.8
2013 9,592,125 74,294 465,976 3,609 3.4 7.7 29.2 56.4 6.8 75.4 33.2 29.9 414.3 6.2
2014 ^wE& 10,361,151 79,359 498,828 3,821 5.0 8.0 28.3 56.9 6.8 75.8 32.3 29.8 426.3 2.9
2015 ^wE&^b& 10,951,695 80,564 522,355 3,843 4.8 8.2 27.3 57.3 7.3 79.1 28.4 26.0 429.8 0.8
2016 ^b& 11,838,975 81,311 558,363 3,835 4.4 7.5 27.1 57.0 8.4 76.2 31.5 28.9 445.2 3.6
^w& YS% ,xld uy nexl=j cd;sl .sKqï weia;fïka;= m%ldYhg m;a lf<a 1959 jr®Ifha isgh' 1950-1958 ld,h i|yd fuys m< lrk weia;fïka;= YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ uQ,hka( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
ldKav 12 ^wxl 2& iema;eïnr® 1982 iy ldKav 13 ^wxl 1 iy 2& wfma%,a - iema;eïnr® 1983 hk udKav,sl m;s%ld i|yd à' ijqkaøkdh.ï úiska §1950 - 1981 i|yd
YS% ,xldfõ cd;sl ksIamdok weia;fïka;=¶ hk ysiska l< wOHhkfhys tk jdr®Isl jr®Ok fõ.hka wdY%fhka .Kkh lr we;' tu ksid 1950 - 1958 w;r YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
ld,fha° wdYs%; ∞hl;ajhkays tl;=j 100] lg iu fkdfõ' 2003 jr®Ifha isg cd;sl .sKqï o;a; ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=fõ ^mokï jr®I 2002&
weia;fïka;= wkqj fõ' 2010 jr®Ifha isg ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 mokï jr®Ih hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o o'foa'ks weia;fïka;= u;
mokï j we;' cd;sl ksIAmdok weia;fïka;= 1970" 1982 iy 1996 jr®Ihkays ° YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska o 2002 yd 2010 jr®Ihkays ° ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk
fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska o ixfYdaOkh lr we;'
tfia mokï jr®I ixfYdaOkhkag fmr YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska m%ldYhg m;a flreK o'foa'ks' yd o'cd'wd' weia;fïka;= my; ±lafõ'
1970( o'foa'ks' ^mj;akd idOl ñ, wkqj& - remsh,a ñ,shk 11"705 o'cd'wd' ^mj;akd idOl ñ, wkqj& - remsh,a ñ,shk 12"671
1982( o'foa'ks' ^mj;akd idOl ñ, wkqj& - remsh,a ñ,shk 91"943 o'cd'wd' ^mj;akd idOl ñ, wkqj& - remsh,a ñ,shk 89"609
1996( o'foa'ks' ^mj;akd idOl ñ, wkqj& - remsh,a ñ,shk 695"934 o'cd'wd' ^mj;akd idOl ñ, wkqj& - remsh,a ñ,shk 684"676
2002 mokï jr®Ih ixfYdaOkfhka miq ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=fõ o'foa'ks' yd o'cd'wd' weia;fïka;= my; ±lafõ'
2002( o'foa'ks' ^mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj& - remsh,a ñ,shk 1"636"037 o'cd'wd' ^mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj& - remsh,a ñ,shk 1"611"994
2010 mokï jr®Ih ixfYdaOkhg fmr ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=fõ o'foa'ks' yd o'cd'wd' weia;fïka;= my; ±lafõ'
2010( o'foa'ks' ^mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj& - remsh,a ñ,shk 5"604"104 o'cd'wd' ^mj;akd fj<|fmd< ñ, wkqj& - remsh,a ñ,shk 5"534"327
^wd& kj;u ck.yk ixLHd o;a; wkqj weia;fïka;= hdj;ald,Sk lr we;'
^we& fjkia mokï jr®I iys; o< foaYSh ksIamd†;fha wjOukl fY%a◊ lsysmhla .e<mSfuka fuu fY%a◊h .Kkh lr ;sfí' tneúka fuh o< foaYSh
ksIamd†;fha mj;akd ñ, iy ia:djr ñ, w.hka Ndú;d lrñka .Kkh lrk ,o fYa%◊hg jvd fjkia úh yelsh'
^wE& ixfYdaê;
^b& ;djld,sl
úfYAI ixLHdf,aLk m˙YsIagh uQ,sl wdr®:ßl úp,Hhkays Wmk;Ska

uQ¾; wxYh 3 jeks ixLHd igyk

ñ,
ñ, or®Ylfhys jdr®Isl idudkHh jdr®Isl idudkHfhys m%;sY; fjki
jr®Ih fld'md'ñ'o' fld'md'ñ'o' fld'md'ñ'o' fld'md'ñ'o' cd'md'ñ'o' f;d'ñ'o' ks'ñ'o' fld'md'ñ'o' fld'md'ñ'o' fld'md'ñ'o' fld'md'ñ'o' cd'md'ñ'o' f;d'ñ'o' ks'ñ'o'
^1952}100& ^2002}100& ^2006$07}100& ^2013}100& ^2013}100& ^1974}100& ^2013 4 jeks ^1952}100& ^2002}100& ^2006$07}100& ^2013}100& ^2013}100& ^1974}100& ^2013 4 jeks
^w& ^wd& ^we& ^wE& ^b& ldr®;j= }100& ^w& ^wd& ^we& ^wE& ^b& ldr®;j= }100&
1953 101.6 1.6
1954 101.1 -0.5
1955 100.5 -0.6
1956 100.2 -0.3
1957 102.8 2.6
1958 105.0 2.1
1959 105.2 0.2
1960 103.5 -1.6
1961 104.8 1.3
1962 106.3 1.4
1963 108.8 2.4
1964 112.2 3.1
1965 112.5 0.3
1966 112.3 -0.2
1967 114.8 2.2
1968 121.5 5.8
1969 130.5 7.4
1970 138.2 5.9
1971 141.9 2.7
1972 150.9 6.3
1973 165.4 9.6
1974 185.8 12.3
1975 198.3 103.4 6.7
1976 200.7 111.9 1.2 8.2
1977 203.2 135.5 1.2 21.1
1978 227.8 156.7 12.1 15.6
1979 252.3 171.6 10.8 9.5
1980 318.2 229.5 26.1 33.7
1981 375.4 268.5 18.0 17.0
1982 416.1 283.3 10.8 5.5
1983 474.2 354.1 14.0 25.0
1984 553.1 444.7 16.6 25.6
1985 561.2 377.1 1.5 -15.2
1986 606.0 366.0 8.0 -2.9
1987 652.8 414.9 7.7 13.4
1988 744.1 488.7 14.0 17.8
1989 830.2 532.9 11.6 9.0
1990 1,008.6 651.1 21.5 22.2
1991 1,131.5 710.8 12.2 9.2
1992 1,260.4 773.0 11.4 8.8
1993 1,408.4 831.8 11.7 7.6
1994 1,527.4 873.4 8.4 5.0
1995 1,644.6 950.3 7.7 8.8
1996 1,906.7 1,145.1 15.9 20.5
1997 2,089.1 1,224.3 9.6 6.9
1998 2,284.9 1,298.7 9.4 6.1
1999 2,392.1 1,295.3 4.7 -0.3
2000 2,539.8 1,317.2 6.2 1.7
2001 2,899.4 1,471.2 14.2 11.7
2002 3,176.4 1,628.9 9.6 10.7
2003 3,377.0 105.8 1,679.1 6.3 3.1
2004 3,632.8 115.3 1,889.0 7.6 9.0 12.5
2005 4,055.5 128.0 2,105.9 11.6 11.0 11.5
2006 4,610.8 140.8 2,351.5 13.7 10.0 11.7
2007 5,416.1 163.1 2,924.4 17.5 15.8 24.4
2008 199.9 129.2 3,653.6 22.6 24.9
2009 206.8 133.6 3,500.9 3.4 3.5 -4.2
2010 219.1 141.9 3,893.0 5.9 6.2 11.2
2011 226.5 151.5 4,306.5 6.9 6.7 10.6
2012 162.9 4,457.3 7.6 3.5
2013 174.2 4,867.9 6.9 9.2
2014 179.9 105.1 105.5 5,022.1 101.6 3.3 3.2
2015 181.5 107.4 109.5 5,072.7 105.3 0.9 2.2 3.8 1.0 3.6
2016 ^B& 188.3 111.7 113.8 5,284.0 107.1 3.7 4.0 4.0 4.2 1.7
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1950 296.5 246.3 -6.9 -14.5 28.8 3.5 - -0.4 -5.0 - 0.8 - 35.0 -
1951 387.0 317.9 -34.2 -16.2 18.7 1.9 - -10.2 -3.3 - 4.9 - 19.6 -10.2
1952 309.3 352.0 -29.2 -21.8 -93.6 -9.9 - -1.0 -2.5 - 8.8 - -79.3 -23.8
1953 314.4 342.9 4.8 -9.4 -33.2 -3.5 - -1.5 -2.9 -0.2 -3.6 - -44.6 0.0
1954 362.0 290.6 1.9 -9.0 64.3 6.4 - -2.7 -1.5 14.7 -6.1 - 66.8 23.7
1955 397.5 310.4 -6.5 -12.8 67.8 6.2 - -5.2 -5.2 1.7 -1.5 - 58.5 17.3
1956 372.1 3 31.0 -12.4 -11.5 17.2 1.6 - -5.2 -5.0 1.9 6.1 - 10.9 -5.3
1957 350.5 370.4 -12.8 -8.2 -40.9 -3.8 - -8.0 -0.6 4.8 0.6 - -46.2 -15.0
1958 341.0 359.7 -8.6 -4.8 -32.1 -2.8 - -2.5 -0.6 4.4 2.3 - -32.7 11.1
1959 372.3 411.2 -2.3 -2.5 -43.7 -3.2 - -1.9 0.6 12.0 2.1 - -29.8 0.0
1960 377.2 421.3 -6.7 4.6 -46.2 -3.3 - 0.6 -0.2 1.5 -1.5 - -40.3 0.0
1961 358.5 376.7 -3.8 2.3 -19.7 -1.4 - -1.3 -0.4 5.2 2.9 - -16.5 -5.9
1962 370.2 400.3 -0.6 1.6 -29.1 -2.0 - -0.4 0.0 9.2 -0.2 - -14.2 0.0
1963 358.7 392.5 -4.4 2.9 -35.3 -2.3 - 1.0 0.0 16.6 -0.8 - -16.8 -10.0
1964 371.1 411.6 -1.5 8.4 -33.6 -2.1 - -0.2 0.4 8.8 -1.9 - -26.6 -16.7
1965 400.9 403.6 6.5 8.4 12.2 0.7 - 0.0 -0.6 13.2 -3.8 - 19.7 9.1
1966 351.5 423.8 3.6 7.8 -60.9 -3.5 - -2.9 -0.4 22.9 -3.8 - -49.0 -6.3
1967 339.4 408.4 5.1 4.5 -59.2 -3.2 - -1.0 -0.4 35.8 1.6 - 87.9 -6.7
1968 332.0 395.8 1.7 2.5 -59.6 -3.4 - -2.0 0.2 37.0 -1.2 - -29.4 27.5
1969 320.7 446.1 -15.1 6.6 -133.9 -7.0 - -1.8 0.2 78.5 -1.7 - -53.2 -30.2
1970 338.7 391.8 -17.5 11.8 -58.8 -2.6 - -0.3 0.0 57.6 -0.7 - -7.0 -6.3
1971 325.4 373.7 -2.4 14.3 -36.4 -1.5 - 0.3 0.0 74.0 -3.9 - 32.9 -5.8
1972 317.9 360.6 -2.5 12.4 -32.8 -1.3 - 0.3 -0.2 48.6 -6.4 - 69.5 -5.6
1973 366.4 412.9 8.1 13.3 -25.1 -0.9 - 0.5 -0.3 68.9 -1.7 - 45.9 -11.8
1974 511.2 701.1 11.4 42.1 -136.4 -3.8 - 1.4 -0.2 84.6 -2.3 - -57.0 -11.4
1975 563.4 767.3 12.7 79.9 -111.4 -2.9 - -0.1 0.0 62.7 -4.3 - 10.4 -19.8
1976 558.8 643.1 13.3 65.1 -5.8 -0.2 - 0.0 -5.7 83.1 -7.1 - 118.3 30.5
1977 767.1 726.2 34.3 69.0 144.1 3.5 - -1.0 -3.3 51.1 -10.0 - 360.9 31.9
1978 845.1 1,025.4 7.6 79.6 -93.1 -3.4 - 1.5 0.5 157.2 7.3 - 120.1 -1.8
1979 981.4 1,449.4 47.5 192.2 -228.4 -6.8 - 47.0 9.1 156.2 0.1 - 51.9 -28.3
1980 1,064.7 2,051.2 52.0 274.6 -660.0 -16.4 - 42.9 40.3 157.5 157.5 - -191.9 -19.0
1981 1,065.5 1,876.9 4.3 364.8 -442.3 -10.0 - 50.2 52.9 266.0 31.4 - 19.9 -21.3
1982 1,013.7 1,994.1 -15.1 427.3 -568.1 -11.9 - 63.6 194.5 261.2 7.1 - -48.0 -5.7
1983 1,064.1 1,921.3 -60.0 444.3 -472.8 -9.1 - 37.5 94.9 281.0 37.6 - 18.0 21.6
1984 1,462.3 1,928.1 -68.2 479.4 -54.7 -0.9 - 32.6 -4.7 341.7 -25.5 - 269.3 22.4
1985 1,315.3 2,044.3 -134.3 443.8 -419.5 -7.0 - 24.4 31.2 273.0 4.4 - -49.3 -17.8
1986 1,209.7 1,973.2 -129.1 466.4 -426.1 -6.7 - 28.2 18.3 291.7 -13.5 - -70.3 -4.3
1987 1,395.7 2,075.1 -156.9 492.9 -343.4 -5.1 - 58.2 -13.0 198.0 39.0 - -67.3 2.4
1988 1,477.2 2,240.2 -153.2 526.9 -389.3 -5.6 - 43.0 -43.0 245.0 16.0 - -90.7 -10.3
1989 1,547.1 2,226.5 -157.7 518.7 -318.3 -4.6 - 17.9 -50.0 217.0 92.0 - -88.0 0.5
1990 1,983.9 2,686.4 -97.9 423.4 -377.0 -4.7 117.5 41.6 -44.6 405.3 -5.7 - 118.7 -12.5
1991 2,039.5 3,036.6 -91.2 468.9 -619.4 -6.9 134.6 62.7 -24.4 500.2 184.6 - 290.2 1.1
1992 2,460.8 3,505.4 -32.6 522.6 -554.6 -5.7 121.6 121.1 25.4 266.2 130.1 - 189.6 19.8
1993 2,863.7 4,011.3 39.4 612.7 -495.5 -4.8 108.6 187.2 187.9 264.8 359.7 - 660.9 4.3
1994 3,208.6 4,767.3 17.8 680.6 -860.3 -7.3 113.1 158.2 294.5 252.8 124.3 - 239.7 -0.7
1995 3,806.6 5,311.1 -18.0 736.0 -786.5 -6.0 117.3 53.1 90.7 358.3 79.2 - 51.5 -0.9
1996 4,095.1 5,438.8 -92.3 759.1 -676.9 -4.9 95.9 119.9 1.6 259.2 -17.6 - -67.8 2.3
1997 4,639.0 5,863.8 -0.4 832.3 -392.9 -2.6 87.1 429.8 47.4 238.6 -200.7 - 162.9 2.3
1998 4,797.8 5,889.5 -34.9 900.7 -225.9 -1.4 79.6 193.0 1.7 203.1 -64.0 - 36.8 13.5
1999 4,610.1 5,979.3 -106.6 912.8 -563.0 -3.6 80.3 176.9 196.0 62.1 -142.4 - -263.2 -5.0
2000 5,522.3 7,319.8 -267.0 997.8 -1,066.0 -6.4 50.2 176.0 82.1 47.0 88.5 393.2 -521.9 -6.1
2001 4,816.9 5,974.4 -62.6 1,005.2 -215.1 -1.4 197.5 172.0 -257.1 249.0 200.9 364.4 219.8 -1.7
2002 4,699.0 6,105.6 42.5 1,128.0 -236.5 -1.4 65.0 185.0 -21.0 162.0 53.0 379.3 338.0 4.6
2003 5,133.3 6,671.9 227.0 1,241.0 -71.0 -0.4 74.0 201.0 -33.0 554.0 -75.0 648.4 502.0 -7.4
2004 5,757.2 7,999.8 215.0 1,380.0 -648.0 -3.1 64.0 227.0 14.0 439.0 -112.0 567.4 -205.0 -5.2
2005 6,346.7 8,863.2 38.2 1,828.1 -650.2 -2.7 249.8 233.8 10.8 553.5 176.1 974.1 501.4 -4.2
2006 6,882.7 10,253.0 -132.3 2,004.1 -1,498.6 -5.3 290.6 451.1 -35.0 490.5 610.4 1,517.4 203.6 -3.5
2007 7,640.0 11,296.5 -55.5 2,310.6 -1,401.5 -4.3 268.8 548.3 30.6 671.9 577.0 1,828.0 530.5 -1.0
2008 8,110.6 14,091.2 -571.1 2,666.1 -3,885.6 -9.5 290.6 690.5 73.9 252.0 466.2 1,483.2 -1,384.8 3.0
2009 7,084.5 10,206.6 -96.7 3,004.5 -214.3 -0.5 232.9 384.0 79.3 840.3 1,057.6 2,361.3 2,725.3 -2.7
2010 8,625.8 13,450.9 89.8 3,660.3 -1,075.0 -1.9 163.9 435.1 148.7 1,795.5 333.5 2,713.3 921.0 27.4
2011 10,558.8 20,268.8 451.8 4,642.8 -4,615.4 -7.1 164.4 895.9 175.3 2,236.7 790.0 4,098.1 -1,059.4 -8.9
2012 9,773.5 19,190.2 42.9 5,392.0 -3,981.7 -5.8 130.3 871.4 723.5 992.4 1,676.1 4,263.4 151.2 -1.5
2013 ^b& 10,394.3 18,002.8 -571.6 5,639.5 -2,540.6 -3.4 70.9 867.5 605.2 841.4 749.6 3,063.7 985.4 4.6
2014 ^b& 11,130.1 19,416.8 72.0 6,227.0 -1,987.7 -2.5 58.3 893.6 428.7 645.7 -431.9 -1,536.1 1,368.9 4.3
2015 ^b&^W!& 10,546.5 18,934.6 312.0 6,193.3 -1,882.8 -2.3 46.3 679.7 8.6 469.6 1,154.4 -2,312.3 -1,488.7 2.7
2016 ^b&^t& 10,309.7 19,400.1 695.2 6,453.0 -1,942.1 -2.4 25.5 898.1 96.4 1,287.1 -164.3 -2,117.2 -499.8 3.7
^w& 2012 jifr® isg oaù;Shsl wdodhu ^Y=oaO& jYfhka BPM6 jk ixialrKhg wkqj jr®.SlrKh lr we;' uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
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1950 190.4 237.6 11.6 26.3 3.2 - 4.77 4.76 13.33 - 0.01 1.00 1.14 1.36 -
1951 216.4 254.4 9.6 26.2 2.7 3.1 4.78 4.76 13.33 - 0.01 1.00 1.14 1.36 -
1952 163.8 184.0 6.3 26.4 2.8 2.6 4.75 4.76 13.33 - 0.01 1.00 1.14 1.36 -
1953 114.3 134.8 4.7 26.4 2.8 2.0 4.75 4.76 13.33 - 0.01 1.00 1.13 1.36 -
1954 170.8 197.4 8.2 40.2 4.0 1.4 4.78 4.76 13.33 - 0.01 1.00 1.13 1.36 -
1955 210.9 258.2 10.0 43.1 3.9 1.8 4.76 4.76 13.33 - 0.01 1.00 1.13 1.36 -
1956 232.9 266.4 9.7 44.2 4.1 2.0 4.79 4.76 13.33 - 0.01 1.00 1.13 1.36 -
1957 200.1 223.2 7.2 48.7 4.5 1.1 4.76 4.76 13.33 - 0.01 1.00 1.13 1.29 -
1958 172.7 196.5 6.6 54.3 4.7 0.9 4.75 4.76 13.33 - 0.01 1.00 1.13 1.13 -
1959 133.1 154.3 4.5 58.3 4.3 0.8 4.76 4.76 13.33 - 0.01 1.00 1.13 0.96 -
1960 90.3 114.0 3.2 61.8 4.4 1.0 4.75 4.76 13.33 - 0.01 1.00 1.13 0.96 -
1961 89.5 111.7 3.6 64.5 4.5 0.9 4.76 4.76 13.33 - 0.01 1.00 1.13 0.96 -
1962 127.7 106.0 3.2 72.6 5.0 1.1 4.76 4.76 13.33 - 0.01 1.00 1.18 0.96 -
1963 75.0 97.1 3.0 85.5 5.5 1.5 4.76 4.76 13.33 - 0.01 1.00 1.19 0.96 -
1964 51.1 73.5 2.1 86.3 5.3 4.7 4.78 4.76 13.33 - 0.01 1.00 1.19 0.96 -
1965 72.9 92.1 2.7 102.5 6.0 3.3 4.78 4.76 13.33 - 0.01 1.00 1.19 0.96 -
1966 42.9 66.5 1.9 114.9 6.6 5.5 4.78 4.76 13.33 - 0.01 0.75 1.19 0.96 -
1967 55.5 75.7 2.2 124.7 6.7 4.3 5.93 4.86 13.45 - 0.01 0.65 1.22 0.98 -
1968 51.6 78.1 2.4 181.2 10.3 9.3 5.93 5.95 14.28 - 0.02 0.79 1.49 1.21 -
1969 40.0 63.3 1.7 230.9 12.0 15.9 5.96 5.95 14.28 - 0.02 0.79 1.51 1.15 -
1970 42.3 67.6 2.1 419.2 18.3 20.1 5.96 5.95 14.28 - 0.02 0.79 1.63 1.07 5.95
1971 52.4 83.6 2.7 465.9 19.7 21.9 5.96 5.94 14.45 - 0.02 0.79 1.70 1.07 5.95
1972 60.6 108.5 3.6 485.1 19.0 21.8 6.70 5.97 14.94 - 0.02 0.79 1.87 1.18 6.48
1973 82.3 126.1 3.7 552.0 19.2 23.0 6.75 6.40 15.70 - 0.02 0.83 2.40 1.44 7.63
1974 73.9 132.8 2.3 648.9 18.2 17.8 6.69 6.65 15.56 - 0.02 0.82 2.57 1.38 8.00
1975 56.9 108.1 1.7 729.3 19.2 23.0 7.71 7.01 15.57 - 0.02 0.84 2.85 1.63 8.51
1976 94.0 158.8 3.0 773.2 21.5 20.1 8.83 8.41 15.19 - 0.03 0.94 3.34 1.76 9.71
1977 278.4 358.1 5.9 856.1 20.9 16.0 15.56 8.87 15.49 - 0.03 1.02 3.82 1.81 10.36
1978 397.3 482.2 5.6 1,114.3 40.8 15.5 15.51 15.61 29.97 - 0.07 1.91 7.77 3.46 19.55
1979 516.1 624.9 5.2 1,245.7 37.0 13.0 15.45 15.57 33.04 - 0.07 1.92 8.50 3.66 20.12
1980 245.5 375.9 2.2 1,666.8 41.4 12.4 18.00 16.53 38.46 - 0.07 2.10 9.10 3.91 21.52
1981 334.7 448.8 2.9 2,060.4 46.7 16.8 20.55 19.25 39.03 - 0.09 2.22 8.52 3.54 22.69
1982 358.8 526.9 3.2 2,500.0 52.4 18.6 21.32 20.81 36.43 - 0.08 2.20 8.58 3.17 22.98
1983 316.0 521.0 3.3 2,651.7 51.3 21.6 25.00 23.53 35.69 - 0.10 2.33 9.22 3.09 25.15
1984 522.2 720.8 4.5 2,983.8 49.4 17.5 26.28 25.44 33.99 - 0.11 2.24 8.94 2.91 26.07
1985 461.2 672.0 3.9 3,440.7 57.6 21.0 27.41 27.16 35.21 - 0.11 2.20 9.23 3.02 27.58
1986 362.9 606.9 3.7 4,082.4 63.7 26.2 28.52 28.02 41.10 - 0.17 2.22 12.90 4.05 32.87
1987 299.5 600.7 3.5 4,770.6 71.4 27.5 30.76 29.45 48.26 - 0.20 2.27 16.38 3.27 38.10
1988 277.5 576.0 3.1 4,908.9 70.3 28.6 33.03 31.81 56.66 - 0.25 2.29 18.11 5.34 42.76
1989 291.4 584.6 3.2 5,146.0 73.6 24.2 40.00 36.05 59.11 - 0.26 2.22 19.17 5.65 46.19
1990 435.0 856.7 3.8 5,783.1 72.0 17.8 40.24 40.06 71.50 - 0.28 2.29 24.80 7.36 54.42
1991 718.4 1,156.0 4.6 6,489.4 72.1 18.5 42.58 41.37 73.20 - 0.31 1.82 25.10 7.33 56.61
1992 936.4 1,439.9 4.9 6,831.7 70.4 17.1 46.00 43.83 77.38 - 0.35 1.69 28.14 8.30 61.75
1993 1,674.7 2,123.8 6.4 7,602.0 73.4 13.8 49.56 48.25 72.47 - 0.44 1.58 29.19 8.52 67.39
1994 ^B& 2,022.0 2,874.4 7.2 8,298.0 70.8 13.7 49.98 49.42 75.68 - 0.48 1.58 30.50 8.92 70.75
1995 2,063.0 2,901.9 6.6 8,694.0 66.7 16.5 54.05 51.25 80.88 - 0.55 1.58 35.81 10.29 77.74
1996 1,937.0 2,717.0 6.0 8,486.0 61.1 15.3 56.71 55.27 86.34 - 0.51 1.56 36.75 10.81 80.23
1997 2,029.0 3,132.0 6.4 8,197.0 54.3 13.3 61.29 58.99 96.69 - 0.49 1.63 34.07 10.12 81.17
1998 1,984.0 2,907.0 5.9 8,749.0 55.5 13.3 67.78 64.59 107.05 - 0.50 1.57 36.80 10.98 87.66
1999 1,639.0 2,582.0 5.2 9,088.0 57.8 15.2 72.12 70.39 113.91 - 0.62 1.64 38.39 11.45 96.25
2000 1,049.0 2,131.2 3.5 9,031.0 54.5 14.7 80.06 75.78 114.78 74.32 0.70 1.68 35.76 10.66 99.90
2001 1,338.0 2,238.0 4.5 8,372.0 53.2 13.2 93.16 89.36 128.66 82.27 0.74 1.89 40.90 12.19 113.75
2002 1,700.0 2,495.0 4.9 9,333.0 56.3 13.2 96.73 95.66 143.74 101.38 0.76 1.97 46.37 13.79 123.93
2003 2,329.0 3,218.0 5.8 10,735.0 56.9 11.6 96.74 96.52 157.71 121.60 0.83 2.07 - - 135.22
2004 2,195.8 3,439.0 5.2 11,346.0 54.9 11.6 104.61 101.19 185.35 125.79 0.94 2.23 - - 149.88
2005 2,735.0 4,200.5 5.7 11,353.8 46.5 7.9 102.12 100.50 182.87 125.10 0.91 2.28 - - 148.45
2006 2,836.7 4,005.4 4.7 11,981.4 42.4 12.7 107.71 103.96 191.53 130.63 0.89 2.30 - - 153.00
2007 3,508.2 4,956.4 5.3 13,989.5 43.2 13.1 108.72 110.62 221.46 151.63 0.94 2.69 - - 169.37
2008 2,560.9 3,639.8 3.1 15,106.6 37.1 18.0 113.14 108.33 200.73 159.32 1.05 2.52 - - 171.24
2009 5,357.4 7,030.4 8.3 18,662.0 44.4 22.4 114.38 114.94 179.87 160.21 1.23 2.39 - - 177.22
2010 7,196.5 8,620.8 7.7 21,437.9 37.8 16.7 110.95 113.06 174.81 150.10 1.29 2.49 - - 172.50
2011 6,749.3 7,990.7 4.7 32,747.9 50.2 13.2 113.90 110.57 177.23 153.86 1.39 2.39 - - 174.54
2012 7,105.9 8,585.9 5.4 37,098.1 54.2 19.7 127.16 127.60 202.28 164.01 1.60 2.39 - - 195.38
2013 7,495.3 8,573.7 5.7 39,905.3 53.7 26.8 130.75 129.11 202.08 171.51 1.32 2.21 - - 196.19
2014 8,208.4 9,884.4 6.1 42,914.1 54.1 20.8 131.05 130.56 215.16 173.47 1.24 2.14 - - 198.35
2015 ^W& 7,303.6 9,336.9 5.9 44,839.4 55.7 27.3 144.06 135.94 207.99 150.84 1.12 2.12 - - 190.16
2016 ^W!& 6,019.1 8,433.0 5.2 46,585.7 57.3 25.0 149.80 145.60 197.15 161.16 1.34 2.17 - - 202.39
^w& zúfoaYhkays is≥ lrk ,o Rcq wdfhdackZ iy zfj<| Kh iy w;a;sldrï ,eîïZ f,i mj;sk úfoAYSh j;alï we;=<;a fkdfõ' uQ,hka( cd;Hka;r uQ,H ixLHdf,aLk (IFS)
^wd& 2011 jifr® isg" uqΩ úfoAYSh Kh ;=< nexl= wxYfha j.lSï we;=<;a fõ' YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^we& 2010 jifr® isg ckf,aLk yd ixLHd f,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2010 jir mokï jr®Ih f,i i,ld m%ldYs; o< foaYSh
ksIamd†; weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
^wE& fj<| NdKav iy fiajd wmkhkhkaf.a bmehSïj, m%;sY;hla jYfhka olajd we;' úfoaYSh Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï" cd;Hka;r
uQ,H wruqof,a úfoaYSh Kh ixLHdk w;afmd; ^2003& g wkqrEm jk m˙† úfoaYslhka i;= NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy ne`≥ïlr wdmiq
f.ùï we;=<;a jk m˙† 2008 jifr® isg m%;sjr®.SlrKh lr we;'
^b& cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,a .sKqï tallh jk úfYaI .ekqqï ysñlï ^ú'.e'ys'&'
^B& 1994 isg wlafjr< nexl= tall foaYSh nexl= moaO;sfha fldgila f,i i,ld we;'
^W& ixfYdaê;
^W!& ;djld,sl
úfYAI ixLHdf,aLk m˙YsIagh uQ,sl wdr®:ßl úp,Hhkays Wmk;Ska

rdcH uQ,H wxYh 6 jeks ixLHd igyk

rdcH uQ,H lghq;= ^w& jákdlu remsh,a ñ,shk
wdodhu úhou jr®;k iuia; uQ,Hkh o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ^we&
.sKqfï whjeh iuia;
jr®Ih tl;=j m%∞k wd∞hu m%d.aOk wdodhu
w;s˙la;h w;s˙la;h fm!oa.,slrK whjeh
^wd& n≥ ^n≥ yd n≥ iy m%∞k mqkrdjr®;k yd Y=oaO tl;=j úfoaYSh foaYSh tl;=j yd úhou
^+&$ ^+&$ ,eîï w;s ˙la;h
fkdjk& Kh °ï m%odk
ys`.h^-& ys`.h^-& ^+&$ys`.h^-&
1950 544 623 - 623 461 325 786 162 -163 - 163 - 163 16.1 20.3 -4.1
1951 736 910 - 910 691 269 960 219 -50 - 50 - 50 19.7 20.8 -1.1
1952 770 954 7 961 866 357 1,223 88 -263 - 263 - 263 21.3 27.1 -5.8
1953 768 953 3 956 788 402 1,190 164 -234 - 234 - 234 21.3 26.5 -5.2
1954 829 1,026 19 1,045 673 348 1,021 353 24 63 -87 - -24 22.0 21.5 0.5
1955 937 1,159 26 1,185 762 306 1,068 396 117 12 -129 - -117 22.6 20.4 2.2
1956 1,027 1,257 23 1,280 863 460 1,323 394 -42 5 37 - 42 25.2 26.0 -0.8
1957 1,102 1,261 11 1,271 977 529 1,506 284 -235 19 216 - 235 24.4 29.0 -4.5
1958 1,017 1,280 13 1,293 1,118 384 1,502 162 -209 20 189 - 209 23.5 27.3 -3.8
1959 1,058 1,330 18 1,349 1,274 469 1,744 56 -395 30 365 - 395 21.0 27.2 -6.2
1960 1,120 1,404 9 1,413 1,365 456 1,821 38 -408 24 385 - 408 21.1 27.1 -6.1
1961 1,224 1,514 13 1,527 1,471 505 1,976 43 -449 10 439 - 449 22.2 28.7 -6.5
1962 1,488 1,621 18 1,639 1,498 579 2,077 123 -438 35 403 - 438 23.5 29.8 -6.3
1963 1,462 1,593 31 1,625 1,534 451 1,985 59 -361 61 300 - 361 22.0 26.9 -4.9
1964 1,458 1,759 32 1,791 1,754 467 2,221 5 -430 64 366 - 430 23.0 28.5 -5.5
1965 1,625 1,816 24 1,841 1,732 515 2,247 85 -406 76 331 - 406 22.8 27.8 -5.0
1966 1,610 1,833 42 1,875 1,792 607 2,399 41 -525 77 448 - 525 22.5 28.8 -6.3
1967 1,765 1,955 19 1,974 1,819 743 2,562 136 -588 189 398 - 588 21.8 28.3 -6.5
1968 1,967 2,156 29 2,185 2,186 685 2,871 -30 -686 161 525 - 686 20.4 26.8 -6.4
1969 2,278 2,497 20 2,517 2,384 901 3,285 113 -769 334 434 - 769 21.5 28.1 -6.6
1970 2,507 2,736 63 2,799 2,659 1,013 3,672 77 -873 163 710 - 873 20.5 26.9 -6.4
1971 2,354 2,815 60 2,875 2,981 918 3,899 -166 -1,024 175 849 - 1,024 20.5 27.8 -7.3
1972 2,676 3,282 75 3,357 3,386 931 4,317 -104 -961 209 752 - 961 22.0 28.3 -6.3
1973 3,331 4,034 47 4,081 3,857 1,169 5,026 177 -945 132 813 - 945 22.2 27.3 -5.1
1974 4,013 4,787 252 5,039 4,506 1,316 5,822 281 -783 126 657 - 783 21.2 24.5 -3.3
1975 4,258 5,084 404 5,488 5,153 2,033 7,186 -69 -1,698 310 1,388 - 1,698 20.6 27.0 -6.4
1976 4,726 5,739 367 6,106 5,554 3,098 8,652 185 -2,547 591 1,956 - 2,547 20.2 28.6 -8.4
1977 5,509 6,686 501 7,187 6,148 2,665 8,813 538 -1,626 754 872 - 1,626 19.7 24.2 -4.5
1978 10,320 11,688 661 12,349 10,408 7,280 17,688 1,280 -5,339 3,292 2,047 - 5,339 28.9 41.5 -12.5
1979 11,015 11,966 1,390 13,356 10,825 8,367 19,192 1,141 -5,836 2,348 3,488 - 5,836 25.5 36.6 -11.1
1980 12,158 13,022 2,620 15,642 12,319 16,069 28,388 703 -12,746 3,516 9,230 - 12,746 23.5 42.7 -19.2
1981 13,696 14,775 2,721 17,496 14,649 13,365 28,014 126 -10,518 4,880 5,638 - 10,518 20.6 33.0 -12.4
1982 14,737 16,210 3,376 19,586 18,341 15,171 33,512 -2,131 -13,926 4,744 9,182 - 13,926 19.7 33.8 -14.0
1983 19,912 23,317 3,473 26,790 22,002 17,635 39,637 1,315 -12,847 6,372 6,475 - 12,847 22.0 32.6 -10.6
1984 29,939 34,061 3,293 37,354 24,630 23,207 47,837 9,431 -10,483 6,492 3,991 - 10,483 24.3 31.1 -6.8
1985 30,442 36,249 3,307 39,556 32,645 22,589 55,234 3,604 -15,678 7,109 8,569 - 15,678 24.4 34.0 -9.7
1986 31,272 37,238 3,753 40,991 33,966 25,227 59,193 3,272 -18,202 9,061 9,141 - 18,202 22.8 33.0 -10.1
1987 35,119 42,145 4,677 46,822 39,560 24,334 63,894 2,585 -17,072 5,716 11,356 - 17,072 23.8 32.5 -8.7
1988 35,946 41,749 6,588 48,337 46,132 30,400 76,532 -4,383 -28,195 7,128 21,067 - 28,195 21.8 34.5 -12.7
1989 47,513 53,979 6,407 60,386 56,884 25,280 82,164 -2,905 -21,778 5,926 15,852 - 21,778 24.0 32.6 -8.6
1990 61,206 67,964 6,698 74,662 71,771 28,043 99,814 -3,807 -25,152 11,644 13,508 - 25,152 23.2 31.0 -7.8
1991 68,157 76,179 7,870 84,049 83,756 36,613 120,369 -7,577 -36,320 19,329 16,149 841 36,320 22.6 32.3 -9.8
1992 76,353 85,781 8,280 94,061 89,639 30,186 119,824 -3,858 -25,763 7,361 15,551 2,850 25,763 22.1 28.2 -6.1
1993 85,891 98,339 8,025 106,364 102,288 39,371 141,659 -3,949 -35,295 9,855 24,241 1,200 35,295 21.3 28.4 -7.1
1994 99,417 110,038 8,257 118,295 127,084 43,680 170,764 -17,046 -52,470 11,778 37,696 2,995 52,470 20.4 29.5 -9.1
1995 118,543 136,258 9,028 145,286 154,159 49,325 203,484 -17,901 58,198 21,224 33,972 3,001 58,198 21.8 30.5 -8.7
1996 130,202 146,279 7,739 154,018 175,148 43,512 218,660 -28,869 -64,642 10,160 49,754 4,728 64,642 20.1 28.5 -8.4
1997 142,512 165,036 7,329 172,365 184,749 50,348 235,097 -19,713 -62,732 9,958 30,275 22,499 62,732 19.4 26.4 -7.0
1998 147,368 175,032 7,200 182,232 199,648 68,531 268,179 -24,616 -85,947 10,197 71,362 4,389 85,947 17.9 26.3 -8.4
1999 166,029 195,905 6,761 202,666 207,271 71,888 279,159 -11,366 -76,493 1,484 74,876 134 76,493 18.3 25.2 -6.9
2000 182,392 211,282 5,145 216,427 254,279 81,544 335,823 -42,997 -119,396 495 118,500 401 119,396 17.2 26.7 -9.5
2001 205,840 234,296 5,500 239,796 303,361 83,157 386,518 -69,065 -146,722 14,538 123,595 8,589 146,722 17.0 27.5 -10.4
2002 221,839 261,888 7,079 268,967 330,847 72,142 402,990 -68,959 -134,022 1,978 126,351 5,693 134,022 17.0 25.4 -8.5
2003 231,597 276,465 7,956 284,421 334,694 82,979 417,673 -58,229 -133,251 43,117 79,911 10,223 133,251 15.6 22.9 -7.3
2004 281,552 311,473 8,681 320,154 389,679 87,228 476,907 -78,206 -156,752 37,071 117,243 2,437 156,752 15.3 22.8 -7.5
2005 336,828 379,746 32,640 412,387 443,350 141,433 584,783 -63,603 -172,396 47,773 123,604 1,020 172,396 16.8 23.8 -7.0
2006 428,378 477,833 30,068 507,901 547,960 165,687 713,646 -70,127 -205,745 41,942 163,805 - 205,745 17.3 24.3 -7.0
2007 508,947 565,051 30,508 595,559 622,758 218,846 841,604 -57,707 -246,045 100,907 145,137 - 246,045 16.6 23.5 -6.9
2008 585,621 655,259 31,222 686,482 743,710 252,416 996,126 -88,450 -309,644 -4,643 314,287 - 309,643 15.6 22.6 -7.0
2009 618,933 699,644 25,922 725,566 879,575 322,352 1,201,927 -179,931 -476,361 230,807 245,554 - 476,361 15.0 24.9 -9.9
2010 724,747 817,279 16,909 834,188 937,094 343,111 1,280,205 -119,815 -446,017 243,788 202,229 - 446,017 13.0 20.0 -7.0
2011 845,697 967,862 15,141 983,003 1,024,906 408,276 1,433,182 -57,043 -450,180 218,956 231,224 - 450,180 13.6 19.9 -6.2
2012 908,913 1,051,460 16,071 1,067,532 1,131,023 425,476 1,556,499 -79,563 -488,967 286,455 202,511 - 488,967 12.2 17.8 -5.6
2013 1,005,895 1,137,447 15,859 1,153,306 1,205,180 464,216 1,669,396 -67,733 -516,090 123,700 392,390 - 516,090 12.0 17.4 -5.4
2014 1,050,362 1,195,206 9,415 1,204,621 1,322,898 472,967 1,795,865 -127,692 -591,244 212,523 378,721 - 591,244 11.6 ^wE& 17.3 ^wE& -5.7 ^wE&
2015 1,355,779 1,454,878 6,014 1,460,892 1,701,658 588,737 2,290,394 -246,779 -829,502 236,803 592,699 - 829,502 13.3 ^wE& 20.9 ^wE& -7.6 ^wE&
2016 ^b& 1,463,689 1,686,062 7,496 1,693,558 1,757,782 576,101 2,333,883 -71,719 -640,325 391,914 248,411 - 640,325 14.3 19.7 -5.4
^w& 1979 isg o;a;hka wdr®:ßl jr®.SlrKh wkqj ilid we;'
^wd& 1973 olajd uqo,a jr®Ih f,i Tlaf;danr® 1 †k isg iema;eïnr® 30 olajd ld,m˙Éf√oh ie,fla' 1973 isg th ,s;a jr®Ih f,i fjkia lr we;' uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
^we& 2003 isg ckf,aLk iy ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska is≥l< o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï jk w;r 2010 jifr® isg ckf,aLk cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd wdr®:ßl
yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska kj mokï jr®Ih ^2010& hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= Wmfhda.S fldgf.k we;' lghq;= wud;HdxYh
^wE& ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2017 udr®;= 15 †k ksl=;a lrk ,o 2014 iy 2015 ixfYdaê; o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
u; mokï fõ'
^b& ;djld,sl
úfYAI ixLHdf,aLk m˙YsIagh uQ,sl wdr®:ßl úp,Hhkays Wmk;Ska

rdcH uQ,H wxYh 7 jeks ixLHd igyk

rdcH Kh jákdlu remsh,a ñ,shk
foaYSh Kh o'foa'ks'fhys m%;sY;hla f,i ^b&
NdKavd.dr úfoaYSh Kh
jr®Ih ^w& NdKavd.dr remsh,a tl;=j
ne∫ïlr wfkl=;a tl;=j ^wd& ^we& foaYSh úfoaYSh tl;=j
ì,am;a ^wd& Kh
^we& ^wE&
1950 79 436 - 14 529 125 654 13.7 3.2 16.9
1951 30 582 - 14 626 125 751 13.6 2.7 16.3
1952 93 684 - 75 852 192 1,044 18.9 4.3 23.2
1953 184 731 - 129 1,044 205 1,249 23.2 4.6 27.8
1954 105 782 - 66 953 211 1,164 20.1 4.4 24.5
1955 60 829 - - 889 232 1,121 17.0 4.4 21.4
1956 68 882 - - 950 258 1,208 18.6 5.1 23.7
1957 65 962 - 105 1,132 278 1,410 21.8 5.3 27.1
1958 140 1,007 - 91 1,238 293 1,531 22.5 5.3 27.9
1959 320 1,102 - 138 1,560 307 1,867 24.3 4.8 29.1
1960 550 1,217 - 170 1,937 345 2,282 28.9 5.1 34.0
1961 750 1,397 - 198 2,345 407 2,752 34.1 5.9 40.0
1962 1,000 1,515 - 179 2,694 412 3,106 38.7 5.9 44.6
1963 1,125 1,684 - 222 3,031 489 3,520 41.1 6.6 47.7
1964 1,250 1,909 - 216 3,375 549 3,924 43.3 7.0 50.4
1965 1,300 2,150 - 246 3,696 739 4,435 45.7 9.1 54.9
1966 1,425 2,475 - 295 4,195 1,074 5,269 50.3 12.9 63.2
1967 1,500 2,785 - 298 4,583 1,376 5,959 50.7 15.2 65.9
1968 1,750 3,118 - 329 5,197 1,578 6,775 48.5 14.7 63.2
1969 1,750 3,409 - 354 5,513 1,800 7,313 47.1 15.4 62.5
1970 1,950 3,925 - 420 6,295 2,394 8,689 46.1 17.5 63.6
1971 2,025 4,512 - 446 6,983 2,795 9,778 49.7 19.9 69.6
1972 2,325 5,103 - 498 7,926 2,936 10,862 52.0 19.3 71.2
1973 2,250 5,812 - 522 8,584 3,705 12,289 46.6 20.1 66.8
1974 2,250 6,591 - 604 9,445 2,859 12,304 39.7 12.0 51.8
1975 2,350 7,560 - 949 10,859 3,705 14,564 40.9 13.9 54.8
1976 2,700 9,001 - 990 12,691 4,968 17,659 42.0 16.4 58.5
1977 2,500 10,391 - 1,501 14,392 10,593 24,985 39.5 29.1 68.6
1978 2,635 12,049 - 1,684 16,368 14,583 30,951 38.4 34.2 72.5
1979 3,000 14,929 - 1,705 19,634 15,840 35,474 37.5 30.2 67.7
1980 9,800 17,611 - 1,659 29,070 22,276 51,346 43.7 33.5 77.2
1981 13,920 20,025 - 1,573 35,518 29,172 64,690 41.8 34.3 76.1
1982 17,320 25,800 - 2,147 45,267 35,267 80,534 45.6 35.5 81.2
1983 17,400 31,953 - 2,416 51,769 46,688 98,457 42.6 38.4 81.0
1984 14,860 33,228 - 3,564 51,652 53,681 105,333 33.6 34.9 68.5
1985 22,280 36,570 - 3,761 62,611 67,673 130,284 38.6 41.7 80.2
1986 26,173 39,130 - 4,196 69,499 86,208 155,707 38.7 48.0 86.8
1987 29,850 44,957 - 4,190 78,997 111,812 190,809 40.2 56.8 97.0
1988 43,700 49,797 - 5,099 98,596 125,657 224,253 44.4 56.6 101.0
1989 57,246 54,217 - 6,099 117,562 156,298 273,860 46.7 62.0 108.7
1990 67,968 54,677 - 11,251 133,896 176,883 310,779 41.6 55.0 96.6
1991 72,968 66,823 - 12,328 152,119 214,579 366,698 40.9 57.6 98.5
1992 87,096 69,180 - 13,744 170,020 235,539 405,559 40.0 55.4 95.4
1993 97,196 105,707 - 10,782 213,685 270,224 483,909 42.8 54.1 96.9
1994 98,896 137,554 - 12,669 249,119 301,812 550,931 43.0 52.1 95.1
1995 113,771 157,928 - 17,711 289,410 346,286 635,696 43.3 51.9 95.2
1996 124,996 205,975 - 25,731 356,703 359,685 716,388 46.4 46.8 93.3
1997 114,996 239,475 10,000 23,269 387,740 376,331 764,071 43.6 42.3 85.8
1998 119,996 250,570 48,915 43,945 463,426 461,273 924,699 45.5 45.3 90.8
1999 124,996 262,056 104,867 51,546 543,465 507,866 1,051,331 49.1 45.9 95.1
2000 134,996 263,888 204,124 73,652 676,660 542,040 1,218,700 53.8 43.1 96.9
2001 170,995 292,813 229,174 122,983 815,965 636,741 1,452,706 58.0 45.3 103.3
2002 210,995 287,701 347,128 102,562 948,386 721,957 1,670,343 60.0 45.6 105.6
2003 219,295 248,414 483,107 69,153 1,019,969 843,882 1,863,851 56.0 46.3 102.3
2004 243,886 164,758 643,349 91,396 1,143,389 996,138 2,139,527 54.7 47.6 102.3
2005 234,174 140,563 751,569 139,415 1,265,722 956,620 2,222,341 51.6 39.0 90.6
2006 257,732 116,713 885,972 218,813 1,479,230 1,103,418 2,582,648 50.3 37.5 87.9
2007 307,012 131,509 1,018,852 257,825 1,715,198 1,326,487 3,041,685 47.9 37.1 85.0
2008 402,600 130,009 1,281,978 325,641 2,140,228 1,448,734 3,588,962 48.5 32.8 81.4
2009 441,032 112,292 1,513,512 334,119 2,400,955 1,760,467 4,161,422 49.7 36.5 86.2
2010 514,442 87,709 1,643,887 319,624 2,565,662 2,024,583 4,590,245 40.0 31.6 71.6
2011 590,885 61,961 1,819,251 331,988 2,804,085 2,329,280 5,133,365 38.8 32.3 71.1
2012 629,070 58,386 2,095,054 450,304 3,232,813 2,767,299 6,000,112 37.0 31.7 68.7
2013 700,137 55,518 2,452,360 624,811 3,832,825 2,960,424 6,793,249 40.0 30.9 70.8
2014 694,767 55,518 2,844,054 683,444 4,277,783 3,113,116 7,390,899 41.3 ^B& 30.0 ^B& 71.3 ^B&
2015 658,240 24,088 3,305,248 971,620 4,959,196 3,544,031 8,503,227 45.3 ^B& 32.4 ^B& 77.6 ^B&
2016 ^W& 779,581 24,088 3,714,787 823,051 5,341,507 4,045,796 9,387,303 45.1 34.2 79.3
^w& 1950 isg 1973 olajd jr®Ij, fmkajd we;af;a iema;eïnr® ui wjidkhg mej;s fYaIh jk w;r" 1973 isg olajd we;af;a foieïnr® ui wjidkhg jQ uQ,hka( uqo,a wud;HdxYh
fYaIh fõ' cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd wdr®:ßl
^wd& 2008 isg úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhska fj; ksl=;a l< remsh,a jákdlñka hq;= NdKavd.dr ì,am;a foaYSh Khj,ska bj;a lr we;s w;r tajd úfoaY Khj,g lghq;= wud;HdxYh
tl;= lr we;' YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^we& 2007 isg úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhska fj; ksl=;a l< remsh,a jákdlñka hq;a NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr foaYSh Kh j,ska bj;a lr we;s w;r úfoaY Khj,g tl;=
lr we;'
^wE& 2012 ckjd˙ udifha° ,xld Lkscf;,a kS;s.; ixia:djg mshúh hq;= Kh fjkqfjka ksl=;alrk ,o remsh,a ñ,shk 78"447 la jákd rcfha iq/l=ïm;a iy
2013 udr®;= udifha° Y%S ,xld .=jka fiajhg m%d.aOkh iemhsu i|yd ksl=;a lrk ,o remsh,a ñ,shk 13"125 la jákd rcfha iq/l=ïm;a we;=<;a fkdfõ'
^b& 2003 jr®Ifha isg ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska is≥l< o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï jk w;r 2010 jifr® isg ckf,aLk yd
ixLHdf,aLk foamdr®;fïka;=j úiska kj mokï jr®Ih ^2010& hgf;a ksl=;a lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= Wmfhda.S fldgf.k we;'
^B& ckf,aLk iy ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2017 udr®;= 15 †k ksl=;a lrk ,o 2014 iy 2015 ixfYdaê; o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= u; mokï fõ'
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uqo,a wxYh 8 jeks ixLHd igyk

uqo,a iólaIKh (M2) jákdlu remsh,a ñ,shk

ld,Sk yd Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alï Y=oaO foaYSh j;alï ^w& uqo,a .=Klh uqo,a
b,aÆï mgq uqo,a mqΩ,a uqo,a ixirK
ld,m˙Éf√oh jHjydr b;=reï uqo,a rdcH fm!oa.,sl ixÑ;
;ekam;= iemhqu iemhqu jd◊c rdcH Kh m%fõ.h
wjidkfha° uqo,a ;ekam;= wêld¯ka tl;=j ixia:dj,g wxYhg tl;=j uqo,a M1 M2
^wd& (M1) (M2) nexl= ^Y=oaO& ^b& ^B&
^we& ^wE& ≥ka Kh ≥ka Kh
1950 325 585 911 68 978 552 187 739 66 ,e'fkd' 148 239 533 1.71 1.84 4.26
1951 377 629 1,006 84 1,090 656 146 802 123 ,e'fkd' 224 288 615 1.64 1.77 4.66
1952 357 539 896 100 996 400 39 439 404 ,e'fkd' 203 557 522 1.72 1.91 4.35
1953 335 492 827 100 927 244 63 307 455 ,e'fkd' 221 620 433 1.91 2.14 4.91
1954 342 615 957 136 1,093 524 125 649 268 ,e'fkd' 257 444 496 1.93 2.20 4.95
1955 385 688 1,073 152 1,225 654 214 868 186 ,e'fkd' 270 357 576 1.86 2.13 4.84
1956 401 726 1,127 187 1,314 735 153 888 180 ,e'fkd' 363 425 601 1.88 2.19 4.24
1957 435 605 1,040 216 1,256 579 101 679 297 ,e'fkd' 418 577 569 1.83 2.21 4.36
1958 530 547 1,077 261 1,338 491 106 597 396 ,e'fkd' 472 741 671 1.61 2.00 4.58
1959 565 613 1,178 299 1,477 312 90 402 743 46 435 1,075 721 1.63 2.05 4.52
1960 595 614 1,209 363 1,572 131 101 232 1,004 46 468 1,340 791 1.53 1.99 4.38
1961 692 596 1,289 354 1,643 56 97 153 1,177 46 480 1,490 851 1.51 1.93 4.16
1962 713 630 1,343 405 1,748 -36 98 62 1,351 46 522 1,686 899 1.49 1.95 4.13
1963 828 678 1,506 468 1,974 -95 104 9 1,509 46 647 1,965 1,013 1.49 1.95 3.97
1964 853 769 1,622 520 2,142 -80 106 26 1,640 46 729 2,116 1,083 1.50 1.98 3.79
1965 901 814 1,716 567 2,283 18 88 106 1,711 54 732 2,177 1,154 1.49 1.98 3.65
1966 883 776 1,659 585 2,244 -200 109 -91 1,768 82 792 2,335 1,089 1.52 2.06 3.68
1967 980 828 1,808 687 2,495 -299 117 -182 2,022 93 886 2,677 1,225 1.48 2.04 3.81
1968 1,066 847 1,913 811 2,724 -445 147 -298 2,144 184 1,059 3,022 1,331 1.44 2.05 4.11
1969 1,083 799 1,882 969 2,851 -723 126 -598 2,334 254 1,215 3,449 1,353 1.39 2.11 4.20
1970 935 1,032 1,967 1,148 3,115 -744 145 -599 2,559 297 1,320 3,714 1,324 1.49 2.35 4.58
1971 1,115 1,034 2,149 1,286 3,435 -577 178 -399 2,717 359 1,400 3,834 1,495 1.44 2.30 4.29
1972 1,202 1,279 2,481 1,493 3,974 -551 233 -318 2,764 563 1,624 4,292 1,773 1.40 2.24 4.12
1973 1,437 1,341 2,778 1,376 4,154 -251 283 32 2,660 419 1,745 4,121 2,158 1.29 1.92 4.53
1974 1,539 1,406 2,946 1,623 4,569 -530 383 -147 2,526 1,060 2,175 4,715 2,256 1.31 2.03 5.45
1975 1,610 1,478 3,088 1,689 4,777 -738 376 -362 2,810 1,013 2,390 5,139 2,144 1.44 2.23 5.69
1976 2,081 2,085 4,166 2,155 6,321 -433 541 109 3,267 1,056 2,929 6,212 2,700 1.54 2.34 5.44
1977 2,792 2,574 5,366 3,351 8,717 2,517 1,189 3,706 2,989 1,670 4,116 5,011 3,840 1.40 2.27 4.84
1978 3,016 2,921 5,936 4,955 10,891 4,408 1,182 5,590 1,863 2,363 6,449 5,302 4,262 1.39 2.56 4.35
1979 3,774 3,895 7,669 7,388 15,057 5,362 1,445 6,808 2,920 3,347 8,705 8,250 5,299 1.45 2.84 4.04
1980 4,181 5,247 9,428 10,432 19,860 1,602 2,029 3,631 8,972 4,123 12,709 16,230 6,286 1.50 3.16 3.81
1981 4,823 5,202 10,024 14,422 24,447 1,049 1,891 2,940 12,789 4,488 16,690 21,507 7,505 1.34 3.26 3.84
1982 5,988 5,772 11,760 18,750 30,510 131 2,241 2,372 17,150 4,677 20,570 28,138 9,119 1.29 3.35 3.61
1983 7,200 7,548 14,748 22,509 37,257 480 2,707 3,187 17,533 4,385 27,375 34,070 11,642 1.27 3.20 3.59
1984 8,561 8,263 16,824 26,604 43,427 7,476 2,489 9,964 14,554 4,148 31,224 33,463 13,710 1.23 3.17 3.81
1985 9,816 8,946 18,761 29,648 48,409 7,315 1,958 9,273 20,348 4,438 34,441 39,136 16,895 1.11 2.87 3.54
1986 11,570 9,609 21,179 29,681 50,860 7,076 1,783 8,859 22,546 4,739 36,824 42,001 18,031 1.17 2.82 3.62
1987 13,495 11,588 25,083 33,252 58,335 6,455 2,836 9,291 27,048 7,366 41,152 49,044 19,273 1.30 3.03 3.60
1988 18,487 13,892 32,379 35,567 67,946 4,748 2,311 7,059 36,065 10,787 50,016 60,887 25,564 1.27 2.66 3.52
1989 19,650 15,688 35,338 41,096 76,434 2,964 1,768 4,732 36,119 13,862 52,340 71,701 26,791 1.32 2.85 3.49
1990 (W) 22,120 17,477 39,597 50,949 90,546 -1,639 5,058 3,419 35,357 15,636 64,970 87,127 31,579 1.25 2.87 3.85
1991 24,852 21,748 46,600 63,975 110,575 9,836 2,422 12,258 35,393 14,077 78,282 98,317 40,056 1.16 2.76 3.70
1992 27,281 22,776 50,057 79,742 129,799 18,730 2,210 20,940 33,065 14,750 96,188 108,859 44,858 1.12 2.89 3.54
1993 32,133 27,222 59,355 100,781 160,136 52,978 -4,861 48,119 26,993 7,775 115,929 112,019 56,468 1.05 2.84 3.45
1994 38,906 31,555 70,461 121,209 191,670 65,864 -1,397 64,467 28,628 5,163 140,004 127,203 68,055 1.04 2.82 3.29
1995 42,198 33,019 75,217 153,319 228,536 74,301 -7,769 66,532 35,447 8,527 179,825 162,004 78,586 0.96 2.91 3.18
1996 42,565 35,638 78,203 174,998 253,201 73,786 -11,925 61,861 48,537 9,938 193,842 191,339 85,509 0.91 2.96 3.19
1997 45,679 40,172 85,852 202,406 288,258 89,936 -644 89,292 46,365 10,278 216,090 198,966 83,736 1.03 3.44 3.29
1998 51,767 44,502 96,269 219,906 316,174 101,744 -8,020 93,724 58,591 8,681 244,353 222,451 92,866 1.04 3.40 3.37
1999 58,481 50,074 108,555 249,522 358,076 89,287 -5,395 83,892 85,881 12,707 275,532 274,185 100,444 1.08 3.56 3.28
2000 62,646 55,831 118,477 286,192 404,669 57,947 1,501 59,448 134,484 26,986 307,613 345,221 105,163 1.13 3.85 3.35
2001 65,536 56,674 122,210 328,516 450,726 84,346 -4,327 80,019 161,602 22,934 328,788 370,709 112,522 1.09 4.01 3.39
2002 75,292 64,069 139,361 371,033 510,395 117,377 -15,660 101,717 153,171 28,010 367,397 408,678 126,411 1.10 4.04 3.30
2003 85,601 76,034 161,635 419,111 580,747 164,596 -35,109 129,487 143,444 28,879 430,575 451,259 141,447 1.14 4.11 3.36
2004 99,669 88,784 188,453 499,511 687,964 151,694 -22,542 129,152 181,111 27,258 526,236 558,812 170,967 1.10 4.02 3.32
2005 114,070 116,632 230,702 592,230 822,931 196,925 -29,778 167,147 168,048 15,651 680,693 655,784 197,932 1.17 4.16 3.25
2006 135,019 124,666 259,685 733,580 993,264 229,860 -44,855 185,005 256,553 25,410 856,842 808,260 239,863 1.08 4.14 3.26
2007 147,183 119,409 266,592 881,150 1,147,742 292,927 -66,938 225,989 261,654 11,659 1,029,993 921,754 264,419 1.01 4.34 3.34
2008 155,023 122,300 277,323 1,004,871 1,282,194 148,157 -59,397 88,760 471,839 15,085 1,095,416 1,193,434 268,425 1.03 4.78 3.64
2009 181,840 154,870 336,710 1,200,045 1,536,755 412,202 -53,648 358,554 513,843 73,233 1,043,782 1,178,201 303,537 1.11 5.06 3.45
2010 216,549 190,643 407,192 1,405,808 1,813,000 505,463 -115,179 390,284 494,804 91,927 1,333,784 1,422,715 360,511 1.13 5.03 3.86
2011 242,871 195,836 438,707 1,753,896 2,192,603 340,090 -189,175 150,916 735,562 71,385 1,821,472 2,041,688 439,504 1.00 4.99 3.59
2012 251,539 198,510 450,049 2,143,136 2,593,185 396,468 -284,073 112,395 912,850 91,258 2,172,076 2,480,789 484,362 0.93 5.35 3.64
2013 264,607 219,971 484,578 2,574,215 3,058,793 529,128 -395,320 133,808 1,109,663 164,674 2,327,376 2,924,984 488,586 0.99 6.26 3.22
2014 329,426 282,729 612,155 2,848,402 3,460,558 688,007 -369,804 318,203 1,227,794 192,137 2,503,270 3,142,355 577,912 1.06 5.99 3.19
2015 388,057 326,931 714,988 3,342,224 4,057,212 576,187 -369,264 206,923 1,387,792 254,112 3,186,075 3,850,289 673,432 1.06 6.02 2.94
2016 429,502 347,123 776,624 4,046,935 4,823,559 558,589 -391,478 167,111 1,667,525 289,728 3,891,851 4,656,448 856,147 0.91 5.63 2.69
^w& Y=oaO foaYSh j;alï hkq rchg fok ,o Y=oaO Kh" rdcH ixia:dj,g fok ,o Kh" fm!oa.,sl wxYhg fok ,o Kh iy wfkl=;a whs;u ^Y=oaO& uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
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^wE& 2002 ckjd˙ isg uy nexl=j cd;Hka;r .KldêlrK m%ñ;Skag wkql+,j ish fYaI m;%h ms<sfh, lr we;' ta wkqj úfoaYSh j;alï" fj<|fmd<
w.h u; jdr®;d lrkq ,nk w;r" th uqo,a wêld¯kaf.a Y=oaO úfoaYSh j;alï yd Y=oaO foaYSh j;alïj,g n,mEula lrkq ,efí' tksid fuu
whs;u fol 2002 ckjd˙ udihg fmr meje;s w.hka yd Rcqju ixikaokh ls¯u wmyiqh'
^b& nexl= fj;e;s rcfha ;ekam;= yd rcfha uqo,a fYaI wvq l< miq nexl= l%ufhka rchg fok ,o Kh
^B& 2010 jr®Ifha isg uqo,a ixirK m%fõ.h" mokï jr®Ih fjkia lrk ,o o'foa'ks' weia;fïka;= wkqj ixfYdaOkh lr we;'
^W& iïu; cd;Hka;r m˙phg wkql+, jk m˙† 1990 isg uqo,a o;a; m%;sjr®.SlrKh lr we;' tA wkqj uyckhd i;= b,aÆï" ld,Sk iy b;s˙ls¯fï
;ekam;=j,ska wfkajdisl .kqfokqlrejkaf.a remsh,a ;ekam;= bj;a fldg we;' fuu ;ekam;= úfoaYSh j.lSï jYfhka ie,fla'
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1951 2.50 0.40 - - 3.00 0 .50 1.00-2.50 0.50-2.75 3.00-8.00 3.00-12.00
1952 2.50 0.92 - - 2.25-3.00 0 .50 1.00-2.00 0.75 3.00-8.00 4.00-7.00
1953 3.00 2.48 - - 3.00-3.50 1.00-2.00 1.00-2.00 2.00 4.00-8.00 4.50-7.50
1954 2.50 0.87 - - 3.00-3.25 0 .50 1.00-2.00 1.25 4.00-8.00 4.50-7.50
1955 2.50 0.76 - - 2.75-3.00 0 .50 2.00 1.00 4.00-8.00 4.50-7.50
1956 2.50 0.64 - - 2.50-3.25 0 .50 2.00 1.00 4.00-8.00 4.50-7.50
1957 2.50 1.22 - - 2.50-3.25 1.50 2.00 1.50-2.50 4.50-8.00 4.50-7.50
1958 2.50 1.76 - - 2.50-3.50 1.25 2.00 1.50-2.50 4.50-8.00 4.50-7.50
1959 2.50 2.02 - - 2.25-3.50 1.50 2.00 1.50-2.50 4.50-8.00 4.50-7.50
1960 4.00 2.60 - - 2.50-3.50 2.00 2.00 2.50 4.50-8.00 5.50-8.00
1961 4.00 2.68 - - 3.00-4.25 2.00 2.00-2.50 2.50 5.50-8.00 5.50-8.00
1962 4.00 2.80 - - 3.25-4.25 2.75-3.00 2.00-2.50 2.50 6.00-8.00 6.00-9.00
1963 4.00 2.80 - - 3.50-4.50 2.75-3.00 2.00-2.50 2.50 6.00-8.00 6.00-9.00
1964 4.00 2.80 - - 3.75-4.75 2.75-3.00 2.00-2.50 2.50 6.00-8.00 6.00-9.00
1965 5.00 3.00 - - 3.50-4.50 3.00 2.00-3.00 2.50-3.25 6.00-9.00 7.00-9.50
1966 5.00 3.00 - - 3.50-4.50 3.00 2.00-3.00 2.50-3.25 6.00-9.00 7.00-9.50
1967 5.00 3.20 - - 3.50-4.50 3.00 2.00-3.00 3.00-3.25 6.00-9.00 6.50-9.50
1968 5.50 3.64 - - 5.50 3.50 3.00-3.25 3.25-3.50 7.00-9.50 7.00-9.50
1969 5.50 4.10 - - 5.50 4.00 3.75 3.75-4.00 7.50-11.00 7.00-10.00
1970 6.50 4.76 - - 5.50-6.50 4.50 4.50 4.50-4.75 8.50-12.00 8.00-11.00
1971 6.50 5.00 - - 6.50-9.00 5.00 4.50 4.50-4.75 8.50-12.00 8.00-11.00
1972 6.50 5.00 - - 9.00 5.00 4.50 4.50-4.75 8.50-12.00 8.00-11.00
1973 6.50 5.00 - - 9.00 5.00 4.50 4.50-4.75 8.50-12.00 8.00-11.00
1974 6.50 5.00 - - 9.00 5.00 4.50 4.50-4.75 8.50-12.50 8.00-12.00
1975 6.50 5.00 - - 9.00 5.00-8.00 5.50 7.00-7.50 8.50-13.00 8.50-12.00
1976 6.50 5.00 - - 9.00 5.00-8.00 5.50 7.00-7.50 8.50-14.00 8.50-14.00
1977 10.00 9.00 - - 9.00-10.00 7.00-9.50 7.20 14.00-15.00 13.00-19.00 13.00-19.00
1978 10.00 9.00 - - 10.00 7.00-9.50 7.20 14.00-15.00 13.00-19.00 13.00-19.00
1979 10.00 9.00 - - 10.00 9.00-11.00 5.00-9.00 14.00-15.00 13.00-20.00 13.00-19.00
1980 12.00 13.00 - - 10.00-16.00 21.50-25.00 10.00-14.00 20.00 15.00-28.00 13.00-28.00
1981 14.00 13.00 - - 16.00 15.00-18.00 10.00-14.00 20.00-22.00 15.00-28.00 13.00-28.00
1982 14.00 13.00 - - 16.00 15.75-18.50 10.00-14.50 15.00-22.00 16.00-30.00 16.00-30.00
1983 13.00 12.00 - - 12.00-16.00 20.00-37.00 10.00-15.00 16.00-25.00 13.00-30.00 18.00-28.00
1984 13.00 14.00 - - 14.00-16.00 14.00-15.50 10.00-15.00 14.00-22.00 13.00-30.00 16.00-30.00
1985 11.00 11.50 - - 14.00-16.00 11.00-14.00 10.00-13.50 12.00-18.00 13.00-28.00 11.00-30.00
1986 11.00 11.31 - - 12.00 12.00-12.75 6.00-12.00 8.50-14.00 12.00-30.00 12.00-30.00
1987 10.00 10.77 - - 12.00 11.00-14.00 6.00-11.00 8.50-14.00 14.00-30.00 12.00-30.00
1988 10.00 18.86 - - 11.00-12.00 16.00-21.00 5.00-11.00 9.00-15.50 10.00-28.00 9.00-26.00
1989 14.00 18.10 18.20 19.10 11.00-13.00 13.00-25.00 5.00-14.00 11.00-20.50 9.80-30.00 9.80-28.00
1990 15.00 17.41 18.02 18.36 13.00 10.00-32.00 5.00-14.00 11.00-21.00 10.00-30.00 9.00-28.00
1991 17.00 16.33 16.38 17.43 14.00-18.00 14.00-19.00 6.50-14.00 10.00-20.00 9.80-30.00 9.80-28.00
1992 17.00 17.67 18.05 18.99 15.00-17.00 13.00-27.00 6.50-14.00 13.50-20.00 10.00-30.00 9.00-30.00
1993 17.00 18.09 18.47 19.38 16.00-18.50 16.50-28.00 5.50-14.00 13.50-17.50 16.50-30.00 16.50-28.00
1994 17.00 18.73 19.29 19.43 14.00-16.00 14.00-28.00 5.50-13.00 10.00-17.00 15.00-30.00 16.50-28.00
1995 17.00 19.26 18.91 18.97 14.00 16.00-102.00 5.00-13.00 10.00-17.00 17.00-30.00 17.00-28.00
1996 17.00 17.45 17.40 17.38 13.00-15.00 13.00-31.00 4.50-13.00 12.00-17.75 15.00-30.00 15.00-28.00
1997 17.00 9.97 10.09 10.21 11.25-14.50 9.00-20.00 3.00-11.00 8.50-15.25 14.00-28.00 14.00-29.00
1998 17.00 12.01 12.34 12.59 11.25-12.25 11.25-16.50 2.00-10.00 9.00-13.00 7.70-30.00 7.50-33.00
1999 16.00 11.79 12.29 12.77 12.00-12.50 9.75-14.25 2.00-10.00 9.00-12.50 12.00-28.00 13.00-29.00
2000 25.00 17.77 17.90 18.22 11.00-12.00 20.25-32.00 2.00-11.00 9.00-15.00 14.00-28.50 10.00-29.00
2001 18.00 12.92 13.27 13.74 13.00-15.00 12.25-13.50 4.00-12.00 9.50-14.50 12.00-26.50 12.00-30.00
2002 18.00 9.92 9.89 9.91 13.00 10.13-11.25 3.50-11.00 7.50-11.00 12.00-25.00 10.00-29.00
2003 15.00 7.35 7.30 7.24 8.00-13.00 7.35-8.50 2.10-7.25 5.00-7.75 7.00-23.00 7.00-29.00
2004 15.00 7.25 7.65 7.65 8.90 7.75-11.00 3.00-7.75 5.50-9.75 9.00-23.00 8.00-22.00
2005 15.00 10.10 10.32 10.37 8.90-11.00 9.90-11.13 3.00-10.25 5.50-11.50 9.00-23.00 10.00-22.50
2006 15.00 12.76 12.78 12.96 10.60 11.50-15.38 3.00-10.50 5.50-14.00 8.36-27.00 7.86-27.00
2007 15.00 21.30 19.99 19.96 11.00-19.00 12.50-40.00 3.00-16.50 8.50-20.00 10.00-30.00 10.00-30.00
2008 15.00 17.33 18.57 19.12 - 12.25-20.30 3.00-16.50 8.50-20.25 10.00-30.00 10.00-30.00
2009 15.00 7.73 8.73 9.33 14.00 7.00-9.50 1.50-10.50 7.25-19.00 9.50-30.00 9.15-30.00
2010 15.00 7.24 7.35 7.55 - 7.00-8.35 1.50-9.50 5.05-17.00 8.20-25.00 8.00-28.00
2011 15.00 8.68 8.71 9.31 - 8.00-9.75 1.00-8.50 5.55-11.00 5.15-24.00 4.50-26.00
2012 15.00 10.00 11.32 11.69 - 9.50-10.60 0.75-10.50 5.00-17.00 9.50-25.00 4.50-26.00
2013 15.00 7.54 7.85 8.29 - 7.50-7.80 0.75-9.14 6.00-16.00 8.50-23.00 5.00-26.00
2014 15.00 5.74 5.84 6.01 - 5.85-6.50 0.50-8.00 3.95-12.00 5.90-24.00 4.75-24.00
2015 15.00 6.45 6.83 7.30 - 6.25-6.45 0.50-8.00 3.95-15.00 6.00-24.00 4.74-24.00
2016 15.00 8.72 9.63 10.17 - 8.35-8.44 0.50-9.00 4.50-15.00 3.00-24.00 1.50-24.00
^w& wjidk Kh ,ndfokakd f,i uy nexl=j úiska nexl= wdh;kj,g imhkq ,nk w;a;sldrï i|yd wod< jk fmd,S wkqmd;slh fõ' uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& iEu jirlu foieïnr® ui ;=< meje;s n˙; idudkH talaIK uqo,a wkqmd;slj, Wm˙u yd wju w.h
úfYAI ixLHdf,aLk m˙YsIagh uQ,sl wdr®:ßl úp,Hhkays Wmk;Ska

iudc wd¾Ól ;;a;ajhka 10 jeks ixLHd igyk

Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,sl iudc wd¾Ól o¾Yl
1953 - 2003$04 mdßfNda.sl uQ,H iy iudc wd¾Ól iólaIK ud,dj u; mokï ù we;'
whs;uh 1953 1963 1973 1978$79 1981$82 1986$87 1996$97 2003$04 2003$04
^w& ^w& ^w& ^wd&

l=gqïn ,laIK
l=gqïnhl mqoa.,hka .Kk
kd.˙l ,e'fkd' 5.97 5.78 5.67 5.50 5.17 4.89 4.40 4.44
.%dóh ,e'fkd' 5.70 5.63 5.49 5.20 5.09 4.56 4.24 4.28
j;= ,e'fkd' 5.80 5.24 4.73 4.80 4.78 4.74 4.56 4.56
ishÆ wxY ,e'fkd' 5.75 5.62 5.46 5.20 5.10 4.61 4.27 4.31
l=gqïnhl úhoï tAll .Kk
kd.˙l ,e'fkd' 1.21 1.09 1.20 1.15 1.22 1.16 1.26 1.23
.%dóh ,e'fkd' 1.07 1.05 1.08 1.04 1.05 1.07 1.10 1.10
j;= ,e'fkd' 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.04
ishÆ wxY ,e'fkd' 1.08 1.05 1.10 1.06 1.08 1.08 1.12 1.11
l=gqïnhl wdÞhï ,nkakka .Kk
kd.˙l ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 1.12 1.63 1.60 1.78 1.80 1.76 1.73
.%dóh ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 1.30 1.54 1.50 1.51 1.59 1.56 1.55
j;= ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 2.50 2.40 2.50 2.39 2.06 1.87 1.87
ishÆ wxY ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 1.40 1.64 1.60 1.62 1.64 1.60 1.59
ck.yk jHdma;sh
ia;S% mqreI Ndjh wkqj" m%;sY;hla f,i
mqreI 51.7 50.7 50.1 48.9 49.0 48.5 48.4 47.7 47.6
ia;%S 48.3 49.3 49.9 51.1 51.0 51.5 51.6 52.3 52.4
jhia ldKav wkqj" m%;sY;hla f,i
wjqre≥ 0 - 13 ,e'fkd' 40.5 38.4 34.2 34.0 30.8 25.1 23.4 24.2
wjqre≥ 14 - 18 ,e'fkd' 11.5 11.5 12.3 11.3 11.7 11.5 9.9 10.0
wjqre≥ 19 - 25 ,e'fkd' 10.9 13.1 13.7 13.5 12.5 11.7 12.0 12.0
wjqre≥ 26 - 35 ,e'fkd' 12.4 12.3 13.7 14.4 14.3 14.4 13.7 13.6
wjqre≥ 36 - 45 ,e'fkd' 10.1 9.9 9.6 9.9 11.2 13.3 14.1 13.9
wjqre≥ 46 - 55 ,e'fkd' 7.3 6.4 7.6 8.0 8.4 10.7 12.7 12.5
wjqre≥ 55 g jeä ,e'fkd' 7.2 8.4 8.9 8.9 11.1 13.3 14.1 13.8

wOHdmkh iy fi!LHh
wOHdmkh" wjqreÿ 5 iy thg jeä ck.ykfha m%;sY;hla f,i
idlaIr;djh" m%;sY;hla f,i ,e'fkd' 79.4 80.8 86.2 85.4 88.6 91.8 93.0 92.5
mqreI ,e'fkd' 87.1 86.9 90.9 89.9 92.2 94.3 94.9 94.5
ia;S% ,e'fkd' 71.4 74.7 81.9 81.1 85.2 89.4 91.3 90.6
wOHdmk uÜgï" m%;sY;hla f,i
mdi,a fkd.sh 41.8 26.8 22.9 14.9 15.1 11.8 8.6 7.4 7.9
m%d:ñl 46.8 45.5 43.2 43.8 42.9 41.1 35.2 29.1 29.9
oaú;Shsl 9.8 22.7 27.3 29.8 29.2 32.1 35.5 42.2 41.0
mYapd;a oaú;shsl 1.8 5.0 6.6 11.5 12.8 15.0 20.7 21.3 21.2
fi!LHh
wikSmfhka miqjQ mqoa.,hka" ck.ykfha m%;sY;hla f,i
kd.˙l ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 7.5 9.3 10.9 12.8 12.3 12.2
.%dóh ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 8.6 10.9 12.6 13.5 13.8 13.7
j;= ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 9.7 11.4 8.8 8.5 10.1 10.1
ishÆ wxY ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 9.7 10.6 12.0 13.2 13.4 13.3
Y%u n,ldh" fiajd kshqla;sh iy fiajd úhqla;sh ^we&
Y%u n,ldh" ck.ykfha m%;sY;hla f,i 40.0 31.7 33.9 38.0 34.3 38.1 39.7 40.2 38.9
mqreI 56.0 ,e'fkd' 48.0 50.1 49.7 51.7 53.0 55.4 54.3
ia;S% 22.9 ,e'fkd' 19.8 26.0 19.4 25.4 27.3 26.3 24.9
l¾udka; wxYh wkqj fiajd kshqla;sh" fiajd kshqla;slhkaf.a m%;sY;hla f,i
lDIsldr®ñl" jk iy ëjr ,e'fkd' 53.0 54.5 48.3 51.2 47.7 37.7 32.8 32.8
ldr®ñl ,e'fkd' 10.0 11.7 20.9 19.5 21.6 25.6 26.8 26.0
fiajd ,e'fkd' 37.0 33.8 30.8 29.3 30.7 36.7 40.4 41.2
fiajd úhqla;sh" wjqreÿ 14 iy thg jeä Y%u n,ldfha m%;sY;hla f,i 16.6 13.8 24.0 14.7 11.7 15.5 10.4 9.0 8.9
ia;S% mqreINdjh wkqj
mqreI 15.3 ,e'fkd' 18.9 9.2 7.8 11.3 6.4 6.5 6.3
ia;S% 20.0 ,e'fkd' 36.4 24.9 21.3 23.6 17.5 13.9 14.2
jhia ldKav wkqj
wjqre≥ 14 - 18 ,e'fkd' 47.5 65.8 30.7 30.8 48.0 35.6 36.7 35.3
wjqre≥ 19 - 25 ,e'fkd' 30.3 47.8 31.1 28.8 35.3 30.4 28.9 28.6
wjqre≥ 26 - 35 ,e'fkd' 7.8 15.2 13.1 8.8 10.6 8.8 6.9 7.0
wjqre≥ 36 - 45 ,e'fkd' 2.4 3.9 2.7 1.7 3.2 2.4 2.0 1.9
wjqre≥ 46 - 55 ,e'fkd' 2.7 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.7
wjqre≥ 55 g jeä ,e'fkd' 1.9 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5
wOHdmk uÜgï wkqj
mdi,a fkd.sh - kQ.;a 6.3 8.4 3.5 2.4 3.0 0.7 0.8 0.8
mdi,a fkd.sh - W.;a } 16.6
5.7 6.8 2.8 1.9 1.3 0.0 1.6 1.5
m%d:ñl 16.4 10.5 14.1 6.6 4.8 5.0 2.3 2.0 1.9
oaú;Shsl 17.9 23.0 37.1 21.3 14.6 19.8 11.4 8.9 8.7
w'fmd'i ^id'fm'&$fcH'md'i' 25.0 39.3 47.4 27.6 24.5 28.5 18.9 13.8 13.8
w'fmd'i ^W'fm'&$W'md'i' 44.4 36.4 34.8 34.8 27.8 18.8 19.3
Wmdê } 2.9 13.9
16.2 5.3 9.7 7.6 9.3 11.9 12.4
wxYh wkqj
kd.˙l ,e'fkd' 17.8 32.1 20.7 14.2 17.3 13.4 9.0 8.8
.%dóh ,e'fkd' 14.6 24.5 14.6 12.0 16.0 10.2 9.0 8.9
j;= ,e'fkd' 7.5 12.0 5.6 5.0 9.7 6.9 9.2 9.2
^iïnkaOhs&
úfYAI ixLHdf,aLk m˙YsIagh uQ,sl wdr®:ßl úp,Hhkays Wmk;Ska

iudc wd¾Ól ;;a;ajhka 10 jeks ixLHd igyk ^iïnkaOhs&

Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,sl iudc wd¾Ól o¾Yl
1953 - 2003$04 mdßfNda.sl uQ,H iy iudc wd¾Ól iólaIK ud,dj u; mokï ù we;'
whs;uh 1953 1963 1973 1978$79 1981$82 1986$87 1996$97 2003$04 2003$04
^w& ^w& ^w& ^wd&

ksjdi" l=gqïnj, mßfNdack WmlrK

ksjdi ;;a;ajhka" l=gqïn m%;sY;hla f,i
j˙ÉÑ iy ueá ì;a;s 59.5 54.9 44.2 38.9 43.4 39.7 23.3 12.0 12.5
.fvd,a ì;a;s 28.9 34.3 25.0 25.2 26.2 35.0 54.0 55.4 55.4
ueá .E f.ìu 50.7 40.3 44.9 45.4 41.9 39.3 25.9 14.6 14.5
isfuka;s f.ìu 24.7 38.6 45.0 54.4 52.5 58.5 73.2 77.7 77.9
w;= fiú,s jy, 56.7 49.3 35.1 31.7 36.3 25.0 10.5 4.5 5.6
WΩ jy, 27.6 36.6 33.6 42.9 39.1 45.4 58.3 58.5 58.6

úÿ,sn, myiqlï ;sîu" l=gqïn m%;sY;hla f,i 4.1 7.0 8.0 13.1 15.8 26.5 56.8 76.1 74.9

c, myiqj iy ikSmdrlaIdj" l=gqïn m%;sY;hla f,i

c, k, myiqj 11.3 5.0 21.0 21.8 18.4 22.6 31.0 41.4 38.9
.Dyfhka msg; ;ks jeisls<s 53.8 37.6 58.7 56.5 60.5 76.5 88.3 92.1 90.1
fmd≥ jeisls<s 27.7 30.5 ,e'fkd. 14.9 9.6 6.6 5.2 4.5 4.4
jeisls<s rys; 18.5 31.9 41.3 28.6 29.9 16.9 6.5 3.4 5.6

.Dy WmlrK ysñlu" l=gqïn m%;sY;hla f,i

.=jka ú≥,s hka;% ,e'fkd' 20.0 25.4 49.9 60.7 67.1 73.6 79.9 78.3
rEmjdyskS hka;% ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 3.8 19.6 50.6 73.4 70.8
≥rl:k$cx.u ≥rl:k ,e'fkd' 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.9 1.4 4.5 25.5 24.5
nhsisl,a ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 21.5 31.5 34.0 40.5 43.1 46.6
fudagr ihsl,a$ial+gr® ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 0.9 2.4 5.3 12.0 16.1 16.3
fudagr® ldr®$jEka ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 1.9 2.3 3.0 3.4 6.2 5.8
YS;lrK 0.9 1.0 1.3 2.3 2.9 8.1 16.8 31.4 29.7
uyk ueIska ,e'fkd' 22.0 26.2 31.3 30.7 37.2 41.5 45.8 43.6
fr† fidaok hka;% ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 0.8 2.9 8.0 7.6
jdhq iólrK hka;% ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 0.3 0.9 0.9
m˙.Kl ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 0.4 4.4 4.1

wdÞhï jHdma;sh
uOHkHh wdÞhï" udisl ^re'&
úhoï tallhlg 169 193 311 921 1,652 2,728 8,744 15,624 15,400
wd∞hï ,nkafkl=g 108 134 228 606 1,108 1,817 5,760 10,907 10,754
wdÞhï mx.=" wdÞhï ,nkakkaf.a oYul wkqj"
m%;sY;hla f,i
m<uqjk oYulh 1.5 1.2 1.8 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.1
fojk oYulh 3.6 2.7 3.2 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.5
;=kajk oYulh 3.6 3.6 4.4 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.9 3.8 4.1
isjqjk oYulh 4.4 4.6 5.7 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.5 4.2
miajk oYulh 5.7 5.6 7.1 5.9 5.5 5.7 6.1 5.8 5.8
yhjk oYulh 6.3 6.8 8.8 7.4 6.9 6.8 7.4 7.2 7.3
y;ajk oYulh 7.9 9.0 10.6 9.1 8.5 8.4 9.1 8.9 8.7
wgjk oYulh 10.4 11.5 12.7 11.4 10.7 11.1 11.6 11.3 11.2
kjjk oYulh 14.2 16.0 15.9 15.4 14.9 15.4 15.7 15.3 15.4
oijk oYulh 42.5 39.2 30.0 38.7 41.9 41.4 37.3 39.4 39.7
.sks ix.=Klh" udisl wdÞhu
úhoï tall 0.46 0.45 0.35 0.43 0.45 0.46 0.43 0.46 0.46
wd∞hï ,nkakka 0.50 0.49 0.41 0.50 0.52 0.52 0.48 0.50 0.50

mdßfNda.sl úhou" udisl ^re'&

úhoï tallhlg 162 191 310 877 1,570 2,175 8,592 15,405 15,278
mqoa.,fhl=g 34 36 58 179 318 534 2,012 4,032 3,936
mdßfNda.sl úhoï mx.=" uqΩ¿ úhofï m%;sY;hla f,i"
wdydr 59.9 56.3 55.4 56.7 56.5 52.2 48.4 37.0 37.9
fr†ms<s yd we`.Æï 7.9 9.6 7.6 10.6 7.7 7.6 6.3 8.1 8.3
ksjdi 3.6 7.3 6.8 5.8 5.9 7.8 10.8 11.2 10.7
ffjoH 1.3 2.8 1.6 1.7 1.6 2.2 2.4 3.5 3.4
wOHdmksl 2.0 1.8 2.2 1.6 1.6 2.1 2.3 3.0 3.0
m%jdyk yd ikaksfõok 2.6 2.3 3.4 4.5 3.9 4.9 5.3 9.0 8.8
bkaOk yd wdf,dalh 2.0 4.4 4.2 3.9 5.2 4.6 3.9 4.3 4.4
l,a mj;akd md˙fNda.sl NdKav 3.2 0.4 6.0 4.6 6.4 5.2 6.7 9.1 8.9
Kh i|yd fmd,ssh 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.9 2.1 1.6 1.5
wfkl=;a 16.8 14.3 12.7 10.2 10.7 12.5 11.8 13.2 13.1
b;=reï iy Kh .ekSï
b;=reï wkqmd;h" wdÞhï m%;sY;hla f,i ,e'fkd' ,e'fkd' 18.4 13.0 11.7 13.0 10.4 12.0 11.1
Kh ixLHdfõ jHdma;sh" m%;sY;hla f,i
wdh;ksl uQ,hka ,e'fkd' 7.6 11.5 10.7 9.7 16.6 43.1 45.0 44.4
wdh;ksl fkdjk uQ,hka ,e'fkd' 92.4 88.5 89.3 90.3 83.4 56.9 55.0 55.6
^w& W;=re iy kef.kysr m<d;a yer uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& ls,f
s kdÉÑh" ukakdru iy uq,;sõ †ia;s%lal yer
^we& 2003$04 iólaIKfha° úuiqï ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< mehlg jvd jev l< jegqma ,nk fiajlhl=" fiajHhl=" ;udf.au ldr®hhl ksr;jk ^iajhx
/lshd& fyda f.ùï fkd,nk mjqf,a fiajlhl= jk l=gqïn idud‚lfhl= /lshd kshqla;shg wh;a f,i i,lkq ,eîh'
,e'fkd' - ,eî fkdue;
úfYAI ixLHdf,aLk m˙YsIagh uQ,sl wdr®:ßl úp,Hhkays Wmk;Ska

iudc wd¾Ól ;;a;ajhka 11 jeks ixLHd igyk

Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,sl iudc wd¾Ól o¾Yl - m<d; wkqj
mdßfNda.sl uQ,H iy iudc wd¾Ól iólaIKh 2003$04 u; mokï ù we;'
whs;uh niakdysr uOHu ol=K W;=r ^w& kef.kysr jhU W;=re ueo W!j inr.uqj iuia;
Èjhsk
l=gqïn ,laIK
l=gqïnhl mqoa.,hska .Kk 4.27 4.35 4.49 4.74 4.61 4.08 4.10 4.35 4.22 4.31
l=gqïnhl úhoï tall .Kk 1.21 1.08 1.11 1.07 1.04 1.07 1.07 1.04 1.08 1.11
l=gqïnhl wd∞hï ,nkakka .Kk 1.72 1.59 1.60 1.65 1.43 1.54 1.41 1.39 1.64 1.59
ck.yk jHdma;sh
ia;S% mqreI Ndjh wkqj" m%;sY;hla f,i
mqreI 46.7 48.5 47.2 45.7 46.4 48.2 48.8 48.3 48.6 47.6
ia;S% 53.3 51.5 52.8 54.3 53.6 51.8 51.2 51.7 51.4 52.4
jhia ldKav wkqj" m%;sY;hla f,i
wjqre≥ 0 - 4 7.8 8.1 6.8 7.2 10.3 8.0 8.6 7.9 7.4 7.9
wjqre≥ 5 - 9 7.6 7.6 9.0 10.4 11.2 7.6 7.1 9.0 7.7 8.2
wjqre≥ 10 - 14 8.2 10.0 11.3 10.8 12.3 9.4 10.9 12.3 9.9 10.0
wjqre≥ 15 - 18 6.7 8.1 8.8 8.0 9.0 7.8 8.2 10.2 8.1 8.0
wjqre≥ 19 - 24 10.2 10.8 9.9 12.2 10.4 10.6 11.0 9.6 10.8 10.5
wjqre≥ 25 - 34 15.4 13.5 12.4 12.3 13.3 14.2 15.0 11.6 13.7 13.9
wjqre≥ 35 - 44 14.4 13.3 13.0 10.2 13.3 13.9 14.2 15.1 13.5 13.7
wjqre≥ 45 - 54 12.5 13.7 12.1 11.8 9.9 13.6 12.7 11.8 13.4 12.6
wjqre≥ 55 - 64 9.0 7.9 7.7 8.9 5.8 8.0 6.8 7.3 8.1 8.0
wjqre≥ 64 g jeä 8.1 7.0 9.1 8.3 4.5 7.0 5.6 5.3 7.4 7.3
ixl%uK" l=gqïn 1"000 g mqoa.,hska
wNHka;r" miq.sh udi 12 ;=< 15.6 19.6 32.5 91.7 82.6 19.9 27.5 25.5 30.6 29.0
ndysr" miq.sh udi 24 ;=< 62.5 47.7 34.5 72.2 118.1 105.6 68.1 24.3 22.3 60.5
wOHdmkh iy fi!LHh
wOHdmkh" wjqreÿ 5 iy thg jeä ck.ykfha m%;sY;hla f,i
idlaIr;djh" m%;sY;hla f,i 96.4 89.3 92.7 92.5 86.6 93.5 92.6 88.3 91.5 92.5
mqreI 97.5 92.7 94.3 93.5 90.0 95.3 94.5 91.4 94.3 94.5
ia;S% 95.4 86.1 91.4 91.8 83.5 91.8 90.8 85.5 88.9 90.6

wOHdmk uÜgfï" m%;sY;hla f,i

mdie,a fkd.sh 3.9 11.1 7.7 7.6 13.8 6.7 7.6 11.9 9.0 7.9
m%d:ñl 23.6 31.6 31.6 32.1 37.9 30.4 30.7 35.6 30.6 29.9
oaú;shsl 45.5 39.6 38.3 31.8 31.3 42.4 44.4 38.7 43.1 41.0
mYapd;a oaú;Shsl 27.0 17.7 22.4 28.5 17.0 20.6 17.3 13.8 17.2 21.2

úêu;a wOHdmkh i|yd Wmldrl mx;s" úêu;a wOHdmkfha fhfok

isiqkaf.a m%;sY;hla f,i
m%d:ñl 55.7 32.9 41.5 56.7 41.9 36.0 29.4 30.5 37.3 41.7
oaú;shsl 63.2 46.1 53.8 71.1 57.2 51.9 40.3 50.3 49.6 54.0
mYapd;a oaú;Shsl 72.0 72.3 70.8 65.4 61.4 67.8 73.0 77.1 68.5 70.1
ishÆ wxY 60.4 42.1 50.3 62.8 48.6 46.2 38.1 42.2 45.7 49.6

úIh ndysr ls%hdldrlï" úêu;a wOHdmkfha fhfok isiqkaf.a

m%;sY;hla f,i 24.2 8.0 8.0 3.7 3.4 14.4 5.1 9.2 7.9 11.8

fi!LHh
wikSmfhka miqjQ mqoa.,hka jhia ldKaav wkqj" ck.ykfha m%;sY;hla f,i
wjqre≥ 0 - 14 17.7 10.8 17.1 6.6 9.1 14.5 13.6 15.1 13.7 14.2
wjqre≥ 15 - 34 9.7 6.4 9.7 6.5 9.2 9.6 9.1 8.7 6.5 8.7
wjqre≥ 35 - 54 15.0 10.7 13.3 16.3 17.6 16.5 11.5 15.2 12.2 14.1
wjqre≥ 55 - 64 22.1 11.3 15.3 24.5 20.7 19.3 18.4 19.6 15.0 18.4
wjqre≥ 64 g jeä 23.2 13.5 21.2 31.2 22.3 26.6 20.1 30.2 19.1 22.1
ishÆ 15.2 9.6 14.1 12.3 12.4 14.7 12.2 14.2 11.5 13.3

Y%u n,ldh" fiajd kshqla;sh iy fiajd úhqla;sh ^wd&

Y%u n,ldh" wjqreÿ 10 iy thg jeä ck.ykfha m%;sY;hla f,i 47.2 47.4 46.7 32.9 37.2 46.1 48.3 48.1 51.4 46.4
mqreI 67.2 65.3 62.2 51.9 59.2 67.9 68.2 64.0 68.1 65.3
ia;S% 30.0 30.8 33.2 17.5 18.2 26.5 28.8 33.4 35.7 29.5
l¾udka; wxYh wkqj fiajd kshqla;sh" fiajd kshqla;slhkaf.a
m%;sY;hla f,i
lDIsldr®ñl" jk iy ëjr 9.3 43.8 39.8 25.9 36.1 28.5 50.9 63.7 44.9 32.8
ldr®ñl 35.9 19.1 24.1 17.7 16.6 32.5 15.6 9.2 27.4 26.0
fiajd 54.8 37.1 36.1 56.4 47.3 39.0 33.5 27.2 27.8 41.2

fiajd úhqla;sh" Y%u n,ldfha m%;sY;hla f,i 8.5 10.8 11.7 5.8 8.4 8.0 8.5 8.1 7.1 8.9
ia;S% mqreI Ndjh wkqj
mqreI 6.6 6.9 8.2 3.1 3.9 5.4 6.5 5.5 5.7 6.3
ia;S% 12.0 18.4 17.4 12.5 21.1 14.1 13.3 12.7 9.5 14.2
jhia ldKav wkqj"
wjqre≥ 15 - 18 34.1 46.0 45.1 0.0 25.6 33.3 32.7 40.3 24.2 36.0
wjqre≥ 19 - 24 28.2 34.5 37.3 14.6 32.6 28.3 26.5 31.3 25.2 30.0
wjqre≥ 25 - 34 8.0 9.3 13.0 13.4 7.7 8.2 8.5 7.3 8.1 8.9
wjqre≥ 35 - 44 1.9 3.2 3.8 0.0 0.7 1.1 2.6 0.5 2.4 2.1
wjqre≥ 45 - 54 1.3 0.7 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.8
wjqre≥ 55 - 64 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.0 1.1 0.5 0.0 0.9 0.4 0.5
wjqre≥ 64 g jeä 0.6 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3
^iïnkaOhs&
úfYAI ixLHdf,aLk m˙YsIagh uQ,sl wdr®:ßl úp,Hhkays Wmk;Ska

iudc wd¾Ól ;;a;ajhka 11 jeks ixLHd igyk ^iïnkaOhs&

Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,sl iudc wd¾Ól o¾Yl - m<d; wkqj
mdßfNda.sl uQ,H iy iudc wd¾Ól iólaIKh 2003$04 u; mokï ù we;'
iuia;
whs;uh niakdysr uOHu ol=K W;=r ^w& kef.kysr jhU W;=re ueo W!j inr.uqj
Èjhsk
ksjdi" l=gqïnj, mßfNdack WmlrK iy bvï whs;sh
ksjdi ;;a;ajhka" l=gqïn m%;sY;hla f,i
;u ksji 90.5 76.4 94.9 63.3 91.5 95.1 97.6 85.4 90.6 89.2
.fvd,a$isfuka;s .,a$lfndla .,a ì;a;s 90.4 86.2 85.1 83.7 77.1 82.1 80.1 81.7 80.1 84.6
isfuka;s$fgrdfida$ms`.ka .fvd,a f.ìu 94.0 75.5 81.9 82.2 80.9 82.7 66.2 64.5 78.0 81.8
WΩ$weianeiagr®ia$fldkalS%Ü jy, 90.9 62.9 91.6 78.1 77.2 78.5 77.7 72.4 79.2 81.1
úÿ,sn, myiqlï ;sîu" l=gqïn m%;sY;hla f,i 92.4 72.7 78.4 63.6 65.6 68.5 62.0 56.7 64.7 74.9
c, myiqj iy ikSmdrlaId" l=gqïn m%;sY;hla f,i
;u ksjig c, k, myiqj 51.7 29.8 34.1 3.1 17.4 15.5 15.2 21.3 25.1 30.8
;u <s| 30.8 16.1 32.5 36.7 45.1 43.2 37.7 24.1 22.7 31.1
c, uqøs; ;ks jeisls<s 84.6 69.6 86.4 42.8 42.6 83.2 71.7 72.7 79.3 76.5
jeisls<s rys; 1.0 5.0 3.4 14.4 29.2 4.6 7.3 4.6 2.7 5.6
l=gqïnhkaf.a bvï whs;sh" l=gqïn m%;sY;hla f,i 93.0 77.8 95.3 82.2 95.7 96.5 97.5 85.2 89.5 91.0
.Dy WmlrK ysñlï" l=gqïn m%;sY;hla f,i
.=jkaú≥,s hka;% 84.1 78.1 79.4 68.9 62.7 78.1 75.7 76.6 78.2 78.3
rEmjdyskS hka;% 85.8 70.6 67.7 43.9 49.2 72.6 65.7 57.3 67.6 70.8
≥rl:k$cx.u ≥rl:k 45.3 17.1 18.3 19.7 13.9 23.1 13.9 9.1 13.4 24.5
nhsisl,a 39.4 16.7 55.5 86.7 73.8 71.2 80.1 31.5 19.7 46.6
fudagr® ihsl,a$ ial+gr® 19.9 6.6 14.8 20.3 16.1 27.2 20.9 6.5 9.4 16.3
fudagr® ldr®$ jEka 12.1 3.5 2.8 3.1 2.7 5.5 3.8 2.3 2.7 5.8
YS;lrK 53.6 21.8 24.1 12.8 16.9 27.6 19.4 11.1 18.9 29.7
uyk ueIska 58.4 38.8 45.7 25.6 23.8 44.1 36.9 28.5 39.9 43.6
fr† fidaok hka;% 17.8 5.5 3.7 0.8 5.4 4.3 2.4 2.0 2.2 7.6
jdhq iólrK hka;% 2.1 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.9
m˙.Kl 9.9 2.6 2.5 2.8 1.2 2.5 1.2 0.5 1.6 4.1
wdodhï jHdma;sh
uOHkHh wdÞhu" udisl ^re'&
l=gqïnhlg 25,602 14,029 13,733 15,201 13,395 15,792 15,624 11,178 12,225 17,109
mqoa.,fhl=g 5,999 3,222 3,060 3,208 2,905 3,872 3,814 2,570 2,894 3,968
wd∞hï ,nkafkl=g 14,892 8,830 8,559 9,228 9,377 10,276 11,093 8,022 7,438 10,754
uOHia: wdÞhu" udisl ^re'&
l=gqïnhlg 17,810 9,835 10,550 10,430 8,500 11,322 10,395 7,800 8,923 11,350
wd∞hï ,nkafkl=g 9,475 5,976 6,177 6,500 5,908 7,173 6,820 5,362 5,271 6,975
wdÞhï mx.=" wdÞhï ,nkakkaf.a oYul wkqj m%;sY;hla f,i
m<uqjk oYulh 1.4 1.6 1.1 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.1
fojk oYulh 2.5 3.2 2.7 1.8 1.8 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.5
;=kajk oYulh 3.7 3.9 4.2 2.9 3.4 4.1 3.6 4.0 4.2 4.1
isjqjk oYulh 4.2 4.9 5.3 5.2 3.9 5.2 4.6 4.9 5.4 4.2
miajk oYulh 5.6 6.1 6.6 5.7 5.5 6.4 5.6 6.1 6.5 5.8
yhjk oYulh 7.0 7.4 8.0 8.0 7.0 7.7 6.8 7.6 7.8 7.3
y;ajk oYulh 8.6 9.3 9.8 9.5 8.6 9.3 8.0 9.4 9.7 8.7
wgjk oYulh 11.1 11.8 12.3 11.7 10.6 11.7 10.5 11.5 11.9 11.2
kjjk oYulh 16.0 15.6 16.0 15.0 14.7 15.5 14.8 15.3 16.1 15.4
oijk oYulh 39.8 36.4 34.0 39.8 43.9 36.0 42.0 36.3 34.2 39.7
.sks ix.=Klh" udisl wdÞhu
l=gqïn 0.44 0.43 0.39 0.44 0.51 0.42 0.47 0.43 0.41 0.46
úhoï tall 0.47 0.42 0.39 0.44 0.51 0.42 0.48 0.43 0.40 0.46
wd∞hï ,nkakka 0.51 0.47 0.46 0.52 0.55 0.47 0.51 0.46 0.45 0.50
úhoï iy mßfNdack
mdßfNda.sl úhoï" udisl ^re'&
l=gqïnhlg 25,274 13,449 14,461 15,425 14,461 16,365 12,943 11,152 11,796 16,974
wd∞hï ,nkafkl=g 5,922 3,089 3,222 3,255 3,136 4,012 3,159 2,564 2,793 3,936
tAl mqoa., mßfNdack úhoï mx.=" uqΩQ¿ úhofï m%;sY;hla f,i
wdydr iy u;a fkdjk îu jr®. 27.2 39.7 38.4 42.9 42.4 34.4 40.3 43.3 42.2 34.4
u;a meka" ≥ïfld< iy u;a øjH 1.7 2.9 2.4 2.1 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.2
fr†ms<s iy mdjyka 6.0 8.3 6.0 4.5 8.4 6.2 6.7 6.7 7.4 6.6
ksjdi" c,h" ú≥,sh" .Eia iy wfkl=;a bkaOk 19.2 15.1 11.9 10.6 10.3 10.9 11.0 12.2 12.2 15.0
.Dy NdKav iy wfkl=;a .DydYs%; kv;a;= lghq;= 5.4 5.6 6.0 5.4 6.2 6.5 7.5 5.9 4.9 5.8
fi!LHh 4.1 2.8 3.7 2.5 3.1 3.1 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.4
m%jdyk 10.8 6.5 8.5 9.2 7.1 14.8 7.9 7.6 7.5 9.8
ikaksfõok 2.7 1.9 2.0 2.4 1.6 2.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 2.2
úfõlh iy úfkdaoh 7.6 7.0 8.3 8.1 6.7 7.7 6.5 8.1 8.4 7.6
wOHdmkh 2.8 2.0 2.2 2.7 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.7 2.3
ksjdvq ksfla;k iy fydag,a 1.9 1.0 1.0 1.9 2.8 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.5
úúO NdKav yd fiajd 8.7 6.2 7.9 7.0 5.9 7.8 9.6 6.3 6.9 7.8
Kh i|yd fmd,sh 1.9 1.0 1.8 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.9 0.8 1.1 1.5
fmdaIKh ,eîï
Yla;sh" le,˙ 2,262 2,317 2,259 2,426 2,274 2,465 2,468 2,349 2,329 2,325
fm%daàka" .%Eï 66 64 60 72 66 70 70 58 61 65
b;=reï" wdfhdack iy Kh .ekSï" l=gqïn wdÞhfï m%;sY;hla f,i
b;=reï wkqmd;h 11.5 10.5 6.4 7.6 -0.9 14.5 26.2 8.2 11.4 11.1
Y=oaO wdfhdack wkqmd;slh 20.0 18.8 10.5 37.4 30.2 28.6 83.2 21.5 22.0 24.9
Kh wkqmd;slh 19.1 18.4 31.3 39.0 43.6 22.3 14.2 21.3 14.7 22.1
^w& ls,sfkdÉÑh" ukakdrï iy uq,;sõ †ia;s%lal yer' uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
^wd& 2003$04 iólaIKfha° úuiqï ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< mehlg jvd jev l< jegqma ,nk fiajlhl=" fiajHfhl=" ;udf.a ldr®hhl ksr;jk ^iajhx
/lshd&" fyda f.ùï fkd,nk mjqf,a fiajlhl= jk l=gqïn idud‚lfhla /lshd kshqla;shg wh;a f,i i<lkq ,eîh'
úfYAI ixLHdf,aLk m˙YsIagh uQ,sl wdr®:ßl úp,Hhkays Wmk;Ska

iudc wd¾Ól ;;a;ajhka 12 ixLHd igyk

Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,sl iudc wd¾Ól o¾Yl - m<d; wkqj
.Dy tall wdÞhï yd úhoï ióCIKh 2012$13 u; mokï ù we;'
iuia;
whs;uh niakdysr uOHu ol=K W;=r ^w& kef.kysr jhU W;=re ueo W!j inr.uqj
Èjhsk
l=gqïn ,laIK
l=gqïnhl isák mqoa.,hska .Kk 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9
l=gqïnhl wd∞hï ,nkakka .Kk 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.8
ck.yk jHdma;sh
ia;S% mqreI Ndjh wkqj, %
mqreI 47.5 46.6 47.0 47.0 46.4 47.0 47.1 47.1 47.4 47.1
ia;S% 52.5 53.4 53.0 53.0 53.6 53.0 52.9 52.9 52.6 52.9

jhia ldKav wkqj, %

wjqre≥   0 – 14 23.8 26.7 25.7 26.9 31.2 25.8 27.2 28.2 24.1 25.9
wjqre≥ 15 – 59 61.4 59.6 59.1 60.6 60.0 61.3 61.5 59.8 60.7 60.6
wjqre≥ 59 g jeä 14.7 13.8 15.2 12.5 8.9 12.9 11.2 11.9 15.2 13.6

wOHdmk uÜgï wkqj, %

mdi,a fkd.sh 2.2 5.2 4.0 2.1 4.4 3.5 3.6 6.3 4.5 3.7
5 fY%a◊h olajd 18.3 27.0 25.4 27.1 33.8 25.1 28.3 29.7 25.7 24.7
6 – 10 fY%a◊ 41.5 42.7 43.1 47.7 40.7 46.3 47.3 45.5 45.0 43.6
w'fmd'i' ^id$fm& iu;a 19.5 13.6 15.6 13.9 13.1 14.3 13.4 10.8 14.6 15.5
w'fmd'i' ^W$fm& iy by< úNd. iu;a 18.4 11.5 11.8 9.3 8.0 10.7 7.4 7.7 10.1 12.4
wd∞hï jHdma;sh
uOHk wd∞hu" udisl ^re'&
l=gqïnhlg 64,152 40,146 41,834 34,286 30,676 42,756 36,632 35,638 40,375 45,878
mqoa.,fhl=g 16,124 10,104 10,973 8,339 7,622 11,596 9,877 9,382 10,718 11,819
wd∞hï ,nkafkl=g 33,564 22,292 23,606 18,916 19,836 25,854 21,848 21,909 23,134 25,963
uOHia: wd∞hu" udisl ^re'&
l=gqïnhlg 42,100 28,900 28,921 23,571 22,710 29,343 29,707 24,228 27,775 30,814
mqoa.,fhl=g 10,567 7,150 7,624 5,540 5,385 7,927 7,824 6,110 7,229 7,881
wd∞hï ,nkafkl=g 20,500 15,083 16,000 12,692 15,000 16,612 15,930 13,867 15,000 16,667
wd∞hï mx.=" l=gqïnhka wkqj, %
fmdfydi;au 20% 53.1 49.6 50.9 53.0 49.8 52.0 44.5 53.8 51.9 52.9
≥mam;au 20% 5.0 5.0 5.2 3.8 4.2 4.4 5.5 4.1 5.1 4.5
uOHia: 60% 41.9 45.4 43.9 43.2 46.0 43.6 50.1 42.1 43.0 42.6
.sks ix.=Klh" tla uil wd∞hu
l=gqïn 0.47 0.44 0.45 0.48 0.45 0.47 0.39 0.48 0.46 0.48
mqoa.,fhl=g 0.46 0.43 0.44 0.47 0.44 0.47 0.38 0.47 0.44 0.46
wd∞hï ,nkakka 0.54 0.50 0.51 0.57 0.50 0.53 0.47 0.54 0.52 0.53
úhou" udisl ^re'&
l=gqïnhlg 58,298 38,989 36,430 34,562 30,886 37,665 33,935 28,867 32,376 41,444

l=gqïn úhoï mx.=" %

ishÆ wdydr i|yd 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
OdkH 13.2 20.3 15.9 20.5 15.8 16.4 19.8 22.5 19.0 16.7
ms<sfh, lrk ,o wdydr 16.2 8.2 9.2 8.8 9.6 10.2 6.2 7.5 10.1 11.3
udI fnda. 3.2 4.3 3.8 3.3 1.9 3.2 3.9 4.6 4.2 3.5
t<jΩ 7.4 8.6 8.5 6.2 7.4 8.5 9.6 10.7 8.8 8.2
uia 4.6 4.4 2.0 4.9 7.3 4.9 4.0 2.9 3.0 4.3
udΩ 10.2 4.9 10.5 13.1 13.3 9.4 8.8 5.4 5.3 9.1
lrj, 4.5 4.1 4.5 0.5 2.1 5.5 4.6 3.7 5.2 4.2
fmd,a 5.5 5.9 7.1 6.4 5.8 6.4 7.3 5.1 7.7 6.2
l=Ωnvq 8.1 9.0 10.5 8.7 11.2 9.1 9.7 8.3 9.1 9.0
ls˙ iy ls˙ ksIamd†; 10.0 9.7 9.5 7.8 6.9 7.5 7.1 8.4 8.4 8.9
f;,a iy fïo 1.7 3.2 2.0 3.3 3.0 2.3 3.2 3.6 2.7 2.4
iSks" yl=re iy me◊ 2.5 3.2 3.3 4.0 3.5 3.1 3.6 2.9 3.1 3.0
m,;=re 3.2 2.8 3.3 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.5 2.9 2.5 2.9
fjk;a 9.7 11.5 9.7 9.9 9.3 10.6 9.7 11.4 10.8 10.2
ishÆ wdydr fkdjk øjH i|yd 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
ksjdi 20.8 18.0 17.3 9.3 15.0 14.6 14.0 16.8 17.9 18.1
bkaOk iy wdf,dalh 6.8 6.2 5.7 10.6 12.3 5.7 6.1 6.3 6.6 6.8
mqoa., ikSmdrlaIKh iy fi!LH úhoï 8.7 7.4 7.8 9.5 12.0 8.2 8.2 5.5 9.0 8.5
m%jdykh 13.0 13.1 11.7 11.0 11.6 15.5 14.7 14.6 14.4 13.3
ikaksfõokh 3.5 3.4 3.1 4.1 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5
wOHdmkh 6.4 5.3 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.2 4.5 5.4 5.6
ixialD;sl ls%hdldrlï iy úfkdaoh 2.2 2.3 2.2 1.8 1.2 1.3 2.2 1.6 1.6 2.0
l,a fkdmj;akd .Dyhg wjYH NdKav yd fiajd 2.0 1.8 1.7 2.5 2.3 2.0 2.1 2.4 1.7 2.0
we∫ï" fr†ms<s iy mdjyka 3.4 5.4 4.9 6.2 8.4 5.0 5.9 6.0 5.3 4.6
l,a mj;akd md˙fNda.sl NdKav 3.1 3.9 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.6 6.0 4.6 3.9
wfkl=;a úúO úhoï 17.3 17.0 18.2 15.8 11.7 19.5 21.5 14.2 18.4 17.5
wfkl=;a wyUq úhoï 11.0 12.7 14.0 17.0 8.9 12.3 9.1 12.6 7.6 11.5
u;ameka" u;aøjH yd ≥ïfld< 1.7 3.5 3.3 2.7 3.4 3.2 3.0 6.0 4.0 2.7
uQ,h ( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
úfYAI ixLHdf,aLk m˙YsIagh uQ,sl wdr®:ßl úp,Hhkays Wmk;Ska

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Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,sl iudc wd¾Ól o¾Yl - wxYh wkqj
.Dy tall wdodhï yd úhoï iólaIK 2006$07" 2009$10 iy 2012$13 u; mokï ù we;'
2006$07 ^w& 2009$10 ^wd& 2012$13
whs;uh
iuia; iuia; iuia;
kd.ßl .%dóh j;= kd.ßl .%dóh j;= kd.ßl .%dóh j;=
Èjhsk Èjhsk Èjhsk
l=gqïn ,laIK
l=gqïnhl mqoa.,hka .Kk 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.3 3.9
l=gqïnhl wd∞hï ,nkakka .Kk 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.8
ck.yk jHdma;sh
ia;%S mqreI Ndjh wkqj" m%;sY;hla f,i
mqreI 47.6 48.0 47.9 47.9 47.7 47.4 47.6 47.4 47.4 47.0 48.0 47.1
ia;%S 52.4 52.0 52.1 52.1 52.3 52.6 52.4 52.6 52.6 53.0 52.0 52.9

jhia ldKav wkqj" m%;sY;hla f,i

wjqre≥ 0 - 14 24.6 25.5 29.2 25.6 25.3 25.9 29.7 26.0 24.2 26.0 31.1 25.9
wjqre≥ 15 - 59 64.4 63.1 61.0 63.2 61.9 61.8 59.9 61.8 61.5 60.6 57.0 60.6
wjqre≥ 59 g jeä 11.0 11.4 9.8 11.3 12.8 12.3 10.5 12.3 14.3 13.5 11.9 13.6

wOHdmk uÜgï wkqj" m%;sY;hla f,i

mdi,a fkd.sh 3.2 4.6 15.8 4.9 2.5 4.0 13.1 4.2 2.2 3.5 12.2 3.7
5 fY%a◊h olajd 21.2 25.9 43.5 26.1 21.6 24.6 43.0 25.1 19.2 25.0 42.0 24.7
6 - 10 fY%a◊ 40.2 44.2 35.6 43.1 42.1 45.5 37.7 44.6 39.8 44.8 38.7 43.6
w'fmd'i' ^id$fm& iu;a 20.2 15.0 3.4 15.1 17.5 14.9 3.8 14.7 18.2 15.5 4.9 15.5
w'fmd'i' ^W$fm& iy by< úNd. iu;a 15.2 10.4 1.7 10.6 16.2 10.8 2.3 11.2 20.5 11.1 2.2 12.4
wd∞hï jHdma;sh
uOHhkh wd∞hu" udisl ^re'&
l=gqïnhlg 41,928 24,039 19,292 26,286 47,783 35,228 24,162 36,451 69,880 41,478 30,220 45,878
mqoa.,fhl=g 9,653 5,993 4,589 6,463 11,245 8,916 5,782 9,104 17,262 10,843 7,100 11,819
uOHia: wd∞hu" udisl ^re'&
l=gqïnhlg 23,642 16,379 10,480 16,735 31,000 23,126 17,366 23,746 42,267 29,376 24,087 30,814
mqoa.,fhl=g 5,240 4,007 2,400 4,043 6,925 5,758 4,161 5,803 10,420 7,657 5,503 7,881

wd∞hï mx.=" l=gqïnhkaf.a oYul wkqj" m%;sY;hla f,i

m<uqjk oYulh 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.5
fojk oYulh 2.7 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.8 2.9 2.8 3.2 3.7 3.0
;=kajk oYulh 3.5 4.2 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.8 3.9 3.7 4.4 5.1 4.1
isjqjk oYulh 4.2 5.1 4.4 4.8 5.0 4.9 5.7 4.9 4.6 5.4 6.4 5.1
miajk oYulh 5.1 6.2 5.1 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.7 6.0 5.6 6.5 7.4 6.2
yhjk oYulh 6.3 7.5 5.8 7.0 7.2 7.2 7.8 7.1 6.7 7.7 8.7 7.3
y;ajk oYulh 7.4 9.1 6.8 8.5 8.8 8.7 9.1 8.7 8.3 9.2 9.9 8.9
wgjk oYulh 9.7 11.3 7.9 10.8 11.1 10.9 10.6 10.8 10.3 11.4 11.8 10.9
kujk oYulh 13.2 15.2 9.7 14.6 15.1 14.5 13.4 14.6 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.9
oyjk oYulh 46.2 36.5 52.0 40.1 38.2 39.3 36.0 39.5 42.0 35.6 30.3 38.0

wd∞hï mx.=" l=gqïnhka wkqj" m%;sY;hla f,i

fmdfydi;au 20] 59.5 51.8 61.7 54.7 53.3 53.8 49.4 54.1 56.5 50.7 45.1 52.9
≥mam;au 20] 4.2 4.8 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.5 5.9 4.5 4.4 4.7 5.7 4.5
uOHia: 60] 36.3 43.3 33.8 40.7 42.1 41.7 44.7 41.4 39.2 44.6 49.3 42.6
.sks ix.=Klh" udisl wd∞hu
l=gqïn 0.54 0.46 0.57 0.49 0.48 0.49 0.43 0.49 0.51 0.45 0.39 0.48
mqoa.,fhl=g 0.55 0.46 0.57 0.49 0.49 0.48 0.42 0.49 0.51 0.44 0.37 0.46
wd∞hï ,nkakka 0.60 0.52 0.46 0.55 0.54 0.54 0.50 0.55 0.56 0.51 0.44 0.53

úhoï udisl ^re'&

l=gqïnhlg 35,274 21,440 13,456 22,952 44,928 29,423 23,988 31,331 58,930 38,274 29,379 41,444

l=gqïN úhoï mx.=" uqΩ úhofï m%;sY;hla f,i

wdydr 31.2 38.7 55.8 37.6 35.6 43.7 50.8 42.3 32.1 39.2 49.8 37.8
ksjdi 16.8 10.2 6.3 11.5 16.9 9.8 4.3 11.0 17.5 9.4 5.0 11.3
bkaOk yd wf,dalh 5.1 4.4 5.1 4.5 5.0 3.8 4.0 4.1 5.5 3.8 4.1 4.2
mqoa., ikSmdrlaIl yd fi!LH úhoï 3.9 4.4 4.5 4.3 5.4 4.4 3.7 4.6 5.3 5.3 3.5 5.3
m%jdykh 8.7 8.1 3.7 8.1 6.7 7.7 4.6 7.4 8.9 8.1 5.6 8.3
ikaksfõokh 3.0 2.2 1.3 2.3 2.8 2.3 1.7 2.4 2.7 2.0 1.7 2.2
wOHdmkh 3.0 2.7 1.9 2.8 4.0 3.1 1.6 3.2 4.7 3.2 1.8 3.5
ixialD;sl l%shdldrlï yd úfkdaoh 1.4 1.1 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.3 2.1 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.2
l,a fkdmj;akd .Dyhg wjYH NdKav yd fiajd 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.2
we∫ï" fr†ms<s iy mdjyka 2.6 3.1 3.9 3.0 2.3 3.0 3.7 2.9 2.4 3.0 3.0 2.9
l,amj;akd md˙fNda.sl NdKav 2.9 3.7 1.7 3.4 2.0 2.6 2.1 2.5 1.5 2.8 2.3 2.5
wfkl=;a úúO úhoï 10.8 9.9 5.9 10.0 10.8 9.3 8.4 9.5 9.2 11.5 10.1 10.9
wfkl=;a wyUq úhoï 7.7 8.1 2.4 7.8 4.2 5.7 6.7 5.5 6.4 7.5 5.7 7.2
u;ameka" u;aøjH yd ≥ïfld< 1.4 2.2 5.9 2.1 1.5 2.1 5.1 2.1 1.0 1.8 5.4 1.7
^w& W;=re m<d; yd kef.kysr m<df;a ;%sl=Kdu,h †ia;%slalh yer uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j
^wd& ukakdru" ls,sfkdÉÑ yd uq,;sõ †ia;%slal yer'