PASSIVE VOICE


* Warm-up: “I bring… when I go to the beach.”

* Grammar Focus

A. Definition: ( §Þnh nghÜa)

1/ The Active form: ( ThÓ chñ ®éng ) lµ d¹ng c©u mµ chñ tõ
cña c©u lµ ng-êi / vËt thùc hiÖn hµnh ®éng – g©y ra t¸c
®éng lªn ngêi hoÆc vËt kh¸c.
Ex: - Ann writes a letter
- Some farmers are working in the rice field.
2/ The passive form: ( C©u bÞ ®éng) lµ d¹ng c©u mµ chñ ng÷
cña c©u nhËn t¸c ®éng cña ng-êi hoÆc vËt kh¸c – chÞu t¸c
®éng bëi ng-êi hoÆc vËt kh¸c lªn nã.
Ex: - John is punished by his father.
- I was followed by an old man
Lưu ý: Sö dông c©u bÞ ®éng, khi chóng ta quan t©m nhiÒu
®Õn hµnh ®éng ®-îc thùc hiÖn nh- thÕ nµo mµ kh«ng chó ý ®Õn
t¸c nh©n g©y ra hµnh ®éng ®ã.
Ex: - Rice is produced in Vietnam.
B. Quy t¾c chuyÓn tõ mét c©u chñ ®éng sang c©u bÞ ®éng
Muèn chuyÓn tõ mét c©u chñ ®éng sang c©u bÞ ®éng, ta thùc
hiÖn c¸c bưíc sau:
Active: S + VA
+ O

Passive: S + Be
VPII + By O (t¸c nh©n/ ng-êi lµm)

V-ed
Form: Be + V Past Participle
V cét3 (§TBQT)

B1: LÊy t©n ng÷ cña c©u chñ ®éng lµm chñ ng÷ cña c©u bÞ
®éng.
B2: NÕu cã trî ®éng tõ trong c©u chñ ®éng, ®Æt trî ®éng tõ
Êy ngay sau chñ ng÷ cña c©u bÞ ®éng.
B3: Chia ®éng tõ To be theo th× vµ trî ®éng tõ cña c©u
chñ ®éng. C©u chñ ®éng chia ë th× nµo th× ®éng tõ to be
trong c©u bÞ ®éng chia ë th× ®Êy.
B4: §Æt ®éng tõ chÝnh cña c©u chñ ®éng ë d¹ng pp.
B5: ChuyÓn chñ ng÷ cña c©u chñ ®éng thµnh d¹ng by O sau
®éng tõ chÝnh trong c©u. ( cã thÓ bá by O nÕu nã kh«ng quan
träng hoÆc ®-îc hiÓu ngÇm)
C. CÊu tróc cña c©u bÞ ®éng chia theo th× vµ trî ®éng tõ:
1. Simple present tense. (th× hiÖn t¹i ®¬n)
S + is/ am / are + V pp
Ex: A: Ann writes a letter.
P: A letter is written by Ann
2. Present continuous tense: ( Th× hiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn)
S + is/ am /
are + being + V pp
Ex: A: Ann is writing a
letter.
 P: A letter is being written
by Ann

3. Simple past tense: ( Th× qu¸ khø ®¬n)

S + were/ was + Vpp
Ex:
A: Ann wrote a letter.
P: A letter was written by Ann

4. Past continuous tense: ( Th× qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn)

S + were/ was + being + Vpp

Ex: A: Ann was writing a letter.

P: A letter was being written by Ann.
5. Present perfect tense: ( Th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh)

I/ We/ You/ They + have +

been + Vpp
He/ she/ it
+ has
Ex: A: Ann has written a letter.
P: A letter has been written by Ann.
6. Past perfect tense: ( Th× qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh)
S + had + been + Vpp
Ex: A: Ann had written a letter.
P: A letter had been written by Ann.
7. Simple future tense: ( Th× t-¬ng lai ®¬n)

I/ We + will/ shall
+ be + Vpp
He/ She/ It/ They/ You + will
Ex; A: Ann will write a letter.
P: A letter will be written by Ann.
8. Future of intention: ( Th× t-¬ng lai cã dù ®Þnh)
S + is/ am/ are + going to + be
+ Vpp

Ex; A: Ann is going to write a letter.

P: A letter is going to be written by Ann.
9. Future perfect tense: (Th× t-¬ng lai hoµn thµnh)
 I/ We + will/ shall + have +
been + Vpp
He/ She/ It/ They/ You + will
Ex: A: Ann will have written a letter.
P: A letter will have been written by Ann.
10. Modal verbs: ( trî ®éng tõ/ ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu)
Can/ may/ must/ ought to/ should/ would/ could/
might...

S + modal verbs + be + Vpp

Ex: A: You can see him now.

P: He can be seen (by you) now.

L-u ý:
- Ta cã thÓ bá by me/ by him/ by her/ by it/ by us/ by
you/ by them/ by someone/ by somebody/ by people trong c©u
bÞ ®éng.
- Trong tr-êng hîp, c©u chñ ®éng cã tr¹ng ng÷ chØ n¬i
chèn th× ta ®Æt tr¹ng ng÷ chØ n¬i chèn tr-íc by O.
Ex: The police found him in the forest.
He was found in the forest by the police.
- Trong trêng hîp, c©u chñ ®éng cã tr¹ng ng÷ chØ thêi
gian th× ta ®Æt tr¹ng ng÷ chØ thêi gian sau by O.
Ex: My parents are going to buy a new car tomorrow.
A new car is going to be bought by my parents
tomorrow
- Trong tr-êng hîp, c©u chñ ®éng cã c¶ tr¹ng ng÷ chØ
n¬i chèn vµ tr¹ng ng÷ chØ thêi gian. Th× khi chuyÓn sang
c©u bÞ ®éng vÞ trÝ s¾p xÕp c¸c tr¹ng ng÷ ph¶i tu©n theo quy
t¾c sau:

S + be + VPP + ®Þa ®iÓm +

by O + thêi gian
Ex: Lan was taken to the park by her mother
yesterday morning.
S be VPP ®Þa ®iÓm by O
thêi gian
- NÕu t©n ng÷ trong c©u bÞ ®éng chØ sù vËt sù viÖc th×
ta dïng giíi tõ “With” thay v× dïng by tr-íc objects.
Ex: Smoke filled the room.
 The room was filled with smoke.
- NÕu ®éng tõ chñ ®éng cã hai t©n ng÷ th× mét trong hai
t©n ng÷ cã thÓ lµm chñ ng÷ trong c©u bÞ ®éng. Tuy nhiªn t©n
ng÷ chØ ng-êi ®-îc -u tiªn sö dông nhiÒu h¬n.
Ex: I am writing her a letter
O1 O2
She is being written a letter.
A letter is being written to her.
- C¸c ®éng tõ: ask/ tell/ give/ send/ show/ teach/ pay/
offer... th-êng cã hai t©n ng÷.
- NÕu chñ ng÷ trong c©u chñ ®éng ë thÓ phñ ®Þnh ( no one,
nobody, none of... th× khi chuyÓn sang c©u bÞ ®éng, chóng
ta chia ®éng tõ bÞ ®éng ë d¹ng bÞ ®éng.
Ex: No one can answer this question.
This question can’t be answered.
----------
Mét sè d¹ng bÞ ®éng kh¸c

1/ D¹ng nhê b¶o: “ Have / Get/ make”

Active: S + have + O (ng-êi) + bare infinitive

+ O (ng-êi/ vËt)
Passive: S + have + O (vËt) + Vpp + ( by
O ng-êi )

Ex: - I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.

I had my bicycle repaired (by him) yesterday.

Active: S + get + O (ng-êi) + to infinitive

+ O (vËt)
Passive: S + get + O (vËt) + Vpp + (by O
ng-êi )

Ex: - I get her to make some coffee.

I get some coffee made (by her).

Active: S + make + O (ng-êi) + bare infinitive

+ O2 (ngêi/ vËt)
Passive: S + be made + to infinitive + O2
+ ( by O ng-êi )

Ex: - He makes this boy clean the car.

 The boy is made to clean the car.
2/ §éng tõ chØ gi¸c quan: (see/ watch/ hear ....)

Active: S + verb + O + bare infinitive /

V-ing + ...
Passive: S (OA) + be + Vpp + to infinitive/
V-ing + ...

Ex: - They saw her come in.

She was seen to come in.
3/ §éng tõ chØ ý kiÕn: (say/ think/ believe/ report/ .....)

Active: S + verb + That + clause ( S2 +

V2 + O2)
Passive: * It + be + Vpp + that + clause
* S2 + be + Vpp + to infinitive

to have Vpp

Ex: - People say that he is a famous doctor.

It is said that he is a famous doctor.
He is said to be a famous doctor.
- They thought that Mary had gone away
Marry was thought to have gone away.
It was thought that Marry had gone away.
4/ C©u mÖnh lÖnh:
a/ Active: Verb + O + ...
Passive: Let + O + be Vpp +....

Ex: write your name here.

 Let your name be written here.

b/ S + let + O(ng-êi) + do + something

S(O) + be + let + to do something.
S(O) + be + allowed + to do something.

Ex: He let me go out

I was let to go out
I was allowed to go out.

---------
EXERCISE
EXERCISE 1: THÌ CƠ BẢN
1.My father waters this flower every morning.
2.John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.
3.Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
4.We should clean our teeth twice a day.
5.Our teachers have explained the English grammar.
6.Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.
7.Tom will visit his parents next month.
8.The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.
9. Did Mary this beautiful dress?
10.I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.
11.The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War.
12.The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day.
13.Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema.
14.The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week.
15.Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum?
16.Some people will interview the new president on TV.
17.How many languages do they speak in Canada?
18.Are you going to repair those shoes?
19.He has broken his nose in a football match.
20.Have you finished the above sentences?

EXERCISE 2: BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI MODAL VERBS.

1. You should open the wine about three hours before you use it.
2. You must not hammer nails into the walls without permission.
3. People must not leave bicycles in the hall.
4. Members can keep books for three weeks.
5. People should send their complaints to the main office.
6. You must turn off all the switches before leaving the room.
7. You must make an appointment in advance.
8. Someone might steal the car.
9. You must keep the room tidy.
10. They can’t solve the problem.

EXERCISE 3: THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ TƯỜNG THUẬT

1.They told me that you were the best architect in this city.
2.She reported that the flowers were killed by frost.
3.Some people inform me that the director is going to take a business trip to England.
4.That officer announced that the meeting was delayed until next week.
5.He discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt.
6.They promise that the performance will start on time.
7.He recommends that we should stay at the city center.
8.We believed that Alice would pass the driving test.
9.The director notifies all the workers that they will have to work extra hard this month.
10.They have persuaded me that they will go with me to the stadium.

EXERCISE 4: BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI NHỮNG ĐỘNG TỪ SAI BẢO.

1.I had my nephew paint the gate last week.
2.She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow.
3.They have her tell the story again.
4.John gets his sister to clean his shirt.
5.Anne had had a friend type her composition.
6.Rick will have a barber cut his hair.
7.I will get the dressmaker to make a new dress.
8.He had a mechanic repair his car.
9.She often gets the technician to maintain the heater.
10.They had the police arrest the shoplifter.

EXERCISE 5: ĐỘNG TỪCHỈ GIÁC QUAN: see, watch, hear …..

1. People saw him steal your car .
2. The teacher is watching them work .
3. People don’t make the children work hard .
4. I have heard her sing this song several times .
5. He won’t let you do that silly thing again .

EXERCISE 6: CÂU MỆNH LỆNH

1. Open your book.
2. Take off your hat.
3. Don’t do that silly thing again.
4. Let’s tell them about it.

EXERCISE 7: TỔNG HỢP CÁC DẠNG

1. Someone cleans the floor every morning.
2. They cancelled all the flights because of the fog.
3. People don’t use this road very often.
4. Somebody is using the computer at the moment.
5. He plants trees very often.
6. The police have just released John.
7. A short circuit could have caused the fire.
8. Somebody has robbed the bank near our house.
9. The old man treated the little boys badly.
10. My brother bought that book yesterday.
11. The boys carried the heavy box into the room last week.
12. Our parents warned us not to go out alone.
13. They are building a new highway around the city next year.
14. They had to postpone the meeting because of illness.
15. We will send you the results as soon as they are ready.
16. His colleagues gave him a present when he retired.
17. They installed a new pump to supply water for the town.
18. The secretary told me to wait outside.
19. The computer is used to solve the complex problems.
20. They didn’t offer Ann the job.
21. They have sold that old house at the end of the road.
22. They had cancelled the soccer match.
23. No one has collected the rubbish this week.
24. You should peel and chop the onion and then fry it.
25. People are killing wild animals for food
26. The author has written a special edition for children
27. I have received 20 cards so far
28. My father has just cleaned this motorbike
29. I have never eaten that cake before
30. We have just finished the report
 KEYS
EXERCISE 1
1.This flower is watered (by my father) every morning.
2.Fiona was invented to John’s birthday party last month.
3.The dinner is being prepared (by her mother) in the kitchen.
4.Our teeth should be cleaned twice a day.
5.The English grammar has been explained (by our teacher).
6.The accident was caused in this city (by some drunk drivers).
7.Tom’s parents will be visited (by him) next month.
8.The secretary wasn’t phoned (by the manager) this morning.
9.Was this beautiful dress bought by Mary?
10.These old pictures won’t be hung in the living room(by me).
11.This factory wasn’t built (by the Greens) during the Second World War.
12.This house and these cars are going to be painted for Christmas day by the Greens.
13.The cats had been fed (by Ann) before she went to the cinema.
14.The pollution problems have been discussed (by the students) since last week.
15.Has the most valuable painting in the national museum been stolen (by the thieves).
16.The new president will be interviewed on TV (by some people).
17.How many languages are spoken in Canada(by them)?
18.Are those shoes going to be repaired ?
19.His nose has been broken in a football match(by him).
20.Have above sentences been finished ?

EXERCISE 2
1.I was told that you were the architect in this city.
2.It was reported that the flowers were killed by frost./ The flowers were reported to be
killed by frost.
3.I am informed that the director is going to take a business trip to England.
4.It was announced that the meeting was delayed until next week.
5.It was discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt.
6.It is promised that the performance will start on time.
7.It is recommended that we should stay at the city center.
8.It was believed that Alice would pass the driving test./ Alice was believed to pass the
driving test.
9.All the workers are notified that they will have to work extra hard this month.
10.I have been persuaded that they will go with me to the stadium.

EXERCISE 3: THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ TƯỜNG THUẬT

1.I was told that you were the best architect in this city.
2.It was reported (by her) that the flowers were killed by frost.
3.I am informed (by some people) that the director is going to take a business trip to
England.
4.It was announced (by that officer) that the meeting was delayed until next week.
5.It was discovered (by him) that this cotton was grown in Egypt.
6.It is promised (by them) that the performance will start on time.
7.It is recommended (by him) that we should stay at the city center.
8.It was believed that Alice would pass the driving test.
9.All the workers are notified by the director that they will have to work extra hard this
month.
10.I have been persuaded (by them) that they will go with me to the stadium.

EXERCISE 4: BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI NHỮNG ĐỘNG TỪ SAI BẢO.

1.I had the gate painted by my nephew last week.
2.She will have her car washed by Peter tomorrow.
3.They have the story told (by her) again.
4. John gets his shirt cleaned by his sister.
5.Anne had had her composition typed by a friend.
6.Rick will have his hair cut by a barber.
7.I will get a new dress made by the dressmaker.
8.He had his car repaired by a mechanic.
9. She often gets the heater maintained by the technician
10.They had the shoplifter arrested by the police.

EXERCISE 5: ĐỘNG TỪ CHỈ GIÁC QUAN: see, watch, hear …..

1. He was seen to steal your car.
2. They are being watched to work by the teacher. / The work is being watched by the
teacher.
3. The children are be made to work hard.
4. She has been heard to sing this song several times.
5. You won’t be let to do that silly thing again.

EXERCISE 6: CÂU MỆNH LỆNH

1. Let your book be opened.
2. Let your hat be taken off.
3. Don’t let that silly thing be done again.
4. Let them be told about that.

EXERCISE 7: TỔNG HỢP CÁC DẠNG

1. The floor is cleaned every morning.
2. All the flights were cancelled because of the fog.
3. This road isn’t used very often.
 4. The computer is being used at the moment.
5. Trees are planted very often.
6. John has just been released by the police.
7. The fire could have been caused by a short circuit.
8. The bank near our house has been robbed.
9. The little boys were trodden badly by the old man.
10. That book was bought by my brother yesterday.
11. The heavy box was carried into the room by the boys last week.
12. We were warned not to go out alone by our parents.
13. A new highway around the city is being built next year.
14. The meeting had to be postponed because of illness.
15. You will be sent the results as soon as they are ready.
16. He was given a present by his colleagues when he retired.
17. A new pump was installed to supply water for the town.
18. I was told to wait outside by the secretary.
19. The computer is used to solve the complex problems.
20. Ann wasn’t offered the job.
21. That old house at the end of the road has been sold.
22. The soccer match had been cancelled.
23. The rubbish hasn’t been collected this week.
24. The onion should be peeled and chopped and fried.
25. Wild animals are being killed for food.
26. A special edition for children has been written by the author.
27. 20 cards have been received so far.
28. This motorbike has just been cleaned by my father.
29. That cake has never been eaten by me before.
30. The report has just been finished.