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Coulomb 2 1 –1 –3 4
1. 0 = 2
=l M L T
Newton m
kq1q2
F=
r2
3
2. q1 = q2 = q = 1.0 C distance between = 2 km = 1 × 10 m
kq1q2 (9 10 9 ) 1 1 9 10 9 3
so, force = 2
F= 3 2
= = 2,25 × 10 N
r (2 10 ) 2 2 10 6
The weight of body = mg = 40 × 10 N = 400 N
1
wt of body 2.25 10 3 1
= –1
So, = (5.6) =
force between ch arg es 4 10 2 5 .6
So, force between charges = 5.6 weight of body.
3. q = 1 C, Let the distance be
F = 50 × 9.8 = 490
Kq 2 9 10 9 12 2 9 10 9 6
F= 490 = or = = 18.36 × 10
2 2 490
3
= 4.29 ×10 m
4. charges ‘q’ each, AB = 1 m
wt, of 50 kg person = 50 × g = 50 × 9.8 = 490 N
kq1q2 kq2
FC = 2
= 490 N
r r2
2 490 r 2 490 1 1
q = =
9 10 9
9 10 9
54.4 10 9 = 23.323 × 10
–5 –4
q= coulomb ≈ 2.3 × 10 coulomb
–19
5. Charge on each proton = a= 1.6 × 10 coulomb
–15
Distance between charges = 10 × 10 metre = r
kq2 9 10 9 1.6 1.6 10 38
Force = = = 9 × 2.56 × 10 = 230.4 Newton
r 2
10 30
–6 –6
6. q1 = 2.0 × 10 q2 = 1.0 × 10 r = 10 cm = 0.1 m
Let the charge be at a distance x from q1
q
Kq1q kqq 2 q1 q2
F1 = 2
F2 = xm (0.1–x) m
(0.1 )2
10 cm
9.9 2 10 6 10 9 q
=
2
Now since the net force is zero on the charge q. f 1 = f2
kq1q kqq 2
=
2 (0.1 )2
2 2
2(0.1 – ) = 2 (0.1 – ) =
0 .1 2
= = 0.0586 m = 5.86 cm ≈ 5.9 cm From larger charge
1 2
29.1
Study Materials
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
Revision Notes for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 6 to 12 Mathematics
RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 6, 7 & 10 Mathematics
Important Questions for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9, 10 & 12 (Math &
Science)
Important Formula for Class 6 to 12 Math
CBSE Syllabus for Class 6 to 12
Lakhmir Singh Solutions for Class 9 & 10
Previous Year Question Paper
CBSE Class 12 Previous Year Question Paper
CBSE Class 10 Previous Year Question Paper
JEE Main & Advanced Question Paper
NEET Previous Year Question Paper
29.2
Electric Field and Potential
3
Force on A = 2 × 1.44 × = 24.94 N.
2
–6
17. q1 = q2 = q3 = q4 = 2 × 10 C A B
–2
v = 5 cm = 5 × 10 m
so force on c = FCA FCB FCD
C
so Force along × Component = FCD FCA cos 45 0 D FCD
6 2 6 2
k(2 10 ) k(2 10 ) 1 1 1
= 2 2
2 2
= kq 2 4
FCA
(5 10 ) (5 10 ) 2 2 25 10 50 2 10 4 FCB
9 10 9 4 10 12 1
= 4
1 = 1.44 (1.35) = 19.49 Force along % component = 19.49
24 10 2 2
29.4
Electric Field and Potential
24. T Cos = mg …(1)
T Sin = Fe …(2)
40 cm
Fe kq2 1
Solving, (2)/(1) we get, tan = = 1596
mg r mg 20 g A B
20 g
9 2
2 9 10 q 4 cm
=
1596 (0.04) 2 0.02 9.8
kq 2
kq2 a
T Sin
25. Electric force = 2
= 2 2
mg ℓ sin EF
( sin Q sin Q) 4 sin
So, T Cos = ms (For equilibrium) T sin = Ef
Ef
Or tan = mg
mg
kq2 q2 cot
mg = Ef cot = cot =
4 2 sin2 2 sin2 16E 0
q2 cot
or m = unit.
16E 0 2 Sin2 g
26. Mass of the bob = 100 g = 0.1 kg
So Tension in the string = 0.1 × 9.8 = 0.98 N. mg
10 cm
For the Tension to be 0, the charge below should repel the first bob.
2 × 10–4 C
kq1q2
F= T – mg + F = 0 T = mg – f T = mg
r2
9 10 9 2 10 4 q2 0.98 1 10 2 –9
0.98 = q2 = = 0.054 × 10 N
(0.01)2 9 2 10 5
27. Let the charge on C = q
So, net force on c is equal to zero q
C 2q
kqQ k 2qQ A x d–x B
So FAC FBA = 0, But FAC = FBC =
x2 (d x ) 2 d
2 2
2x = (d – x) 2x=d–x
d d ( 2 1)
x= = = d( 2 1)
2 1 ( 2 1) ( 2 1)
For the charge on rest, FAC + FAB = 0
kqQ kq(2q) kq
(2.414)2 =0 [(2.414 )2 Q 2q] = 0
d2 d2 d2
2
2q = –(2.414) Q
2 2
Q= q = 2
q = –(0.343) q = –(6 – 4 2 )
( 2 1) 32 2
28. K = 100 N/m ℓ = 10 cm = 10–1 m q = 2.0 × 10
–8
c Find ℓ = ?
9 8 8
kq1q2 9 10 2 10 2 10 –5
Force between them F = 2
= 2
= 36 × 10 N K
r 10
q1 q2
F 36 10 5 –7 –6
So, F = – kx or x = = = 36 × 10 cm = 3.6 × 10 m
K 100
29.5
Electric Field and Potential
–6
29. qA = 2 × 10 C Mb = 80 g =0.2
Since B is at equilibrium, So, Fe = R 10 cm
Kq A qB R
= R = m × g
r2
mg = R
9 10 9 2 10 6 qB Fe
= 0.2 × 0.08 × 9.8
0.01
0.2 0.08 9.8 0.01 –8 –8 mg
qB = = 8.7 × 10 C Range = 8.7 × 10 C
9 10 9 2 10 6
–6
30. q1 = 2 × 10 c Let the distance be r unit
kq1q2
Frepulsion =
r2
q2
kq1q2
For equilibrium = mg sin
r2 x
9 12
9 10 4 10 1 30°
2
= m × 9.8 × q1
r 2
18 4 10 3
2 72 10 3 –2
r = = 1
= 7.34 × 10 metre
m 9 .8 9.8 10
–1
r = 2.70924 × 10 metre from the bottom.
31. Force on the charge particle ‘q’ at ‘c’ is only the x component of 2 forces
So, Fon c = FCB Sin + FAC Sin But FCB = FAC
d 16kQqx
2 2 2
( 4 x d ) x 3 / 2 4 x d
2
1/ 2
8x
C
= 0 K =0
dx ( 4 x 2 d2 )3 / 2
[ 4 x 2 d2 ] 3
x
K( 4 x 2 d2 )1 / 2 ( 4 x 2 d2 )3 12x 2 = 0 (4x 2 2 3
+d ) = 12 x
2
B
( 4 x 2 d 2 )3 A d/2
4 4 2 2 2 4 2 2
16 x + d + 8x d = 12 x d +8x d =0
2 2 2 2 2 d
d =0 d +8x =0 d =8x d=
2 2
32. (a) Let Q = charge on A & B Separated by distance d
q = charge on c displaced to –AB FBO FOA
So, force on 0 = FAB FBO O
But FAO Cos = FBO Cos
So, force on ‘0’ in due to vertical component.
x
F = FAO Sin + FBO Sin FAO FBO
KQq 2KQq A C B
= 2 2 2
Sin F= 2 2
Sin d/2
(d / 2 x ) ( d / 2) x d Q
Q
4 2 kQq x 2kQq
= = x = Electric force F x
( d2 4 x 2 ) [(d / 2)2 x 2 ]1 / 2 [(d / 2)2 x 2 ]3 / 2
29.6
Electric Field and Potential
2kQq
(b) When x << d F= x x<<d
[(d / 2)2 x 2 ]3 / 2
2kQq F 1 2kQqx
F= 2 3/2
x Fx a= =
( d / 4) m m [(d2 / 4) 2
So time period T = 2 = 2
g a
KQq KQq
33. FAC = FCA = ℓ ℓ
( x ) 2
( x )2 C
A B
X
1 1 ℓ+x ℓ–x
Net force = KQq 2
( x ) ( x )2
( x ) 2 ( x )2 4 x
= KQq 2 2
= KQq 2 2 2
( x ) ( x ) ( x )
x<<< l = d/2 neglecting x w.r.t. ℓ We get
KQq4x KQq4 x 4KQqx
net F = = acceleration =
4 3 m 3
displaceme nt xm 3 m 3
Time period = 2 = 2 = 2
accelerati on 4KQqx 4KQq
1/ 2
4 2m 3 4 0 4 3m 3 0 3md3 0
= = = 43md 3 0 8Qq =
4Qq Qq 2Qq
–3 –6
34. Fe = 1.5 × 10 N, q = 1 × 10 C, Fe = q × E
3
Fe 1.5 10 3
E= = = 1.5 × 10 N/C
q 1 10 6
–6 2 –6
35. q2 = 2 × 10 C, q1 = – 4 × 10 C, r = 20 cm = 0.2 m
(E1 = electric field due to q1, E2 = electric field due to q2)
(r x )2 q 2 (r 1)2 q 2 4 10 6 1
= = = 6
=
x2 q1 x q1 2 10 2
r 1 1 r
1 = = = 1.414 +1 = 2.414
x 2 1.414 x
r 20
x= = = 8.285 cm
2.414 2.414
KQ
36. EF =
r2 30° 2F Cos 30°
9
9 10 Q
5 N/C =
42
4 20 10 2 –11
9
= Q Q = 8.88 × 10
9 10 60°
–3 –3 –6
37. m = 10, mg = 10 × 10 g × 10 kg, q = 1.5 × 10 C qE
–6 –6
But qE = mg (1.5 × 10 ) E = 10 × 10 × 10
10 10 4 10 100
E= = = 66.6 N/C
1.5 10 6 1 .5
100 10 3 10 5 1 3 mg
= = = 6.6 × 10
1 .5 15
29.7
Electric Field and Potential
–8
38. q = 1.0 × 10 C, ℓ = 20 cm
E=? V=?
Since it forms an equipotential surface. 1.0 × 10–8
L
but L = R r =
2k 2k 2
So E = = = =
L (L / ) L2 4 0 L2 2 0L2
–6 C
41. G = 50 C = 50 × 10 C Q
+
2KQ + 10
We have, E = for a charged cylinder. x
r +
9 6 5 + Q 5 Q
2 9 10 50 10 9 10 –5
+
E= = = 1.03 × 10
5 3 5 3 Q
29.8
Electric Field and Potential
42. Electric field at any point on the axis at a distance x from the center of the ring is
xQ KxQ
E= =
4 0 (R 2 x 2 )3 / 2 (R 2 x 2 )3 / 2
Differentiating with respect to x
R
dE KQ(R 2 x 2 )3 / 2 KxQ(3 / 2)(R 2 x 2 )11 / 2 2x
=
dx (r 2 x 2 )3 x
29.9
Electric Field and Potential
qE
As the particle is projected against the electric field, hence deceleration =
m
So, let the distance covered be ‘s'
2 2
Then, v = u + 2as [where a = acceleration, v = final velocity]
qE u 2m
Here 0 = u 2 2 S S = units
m 2qE
–3 –4 4 –1
48. m = 1 g = 10 kg, u = 0, q = 2.5 × 10 C ; E = 1.2 × 10 N/c ; S = 40 cm = 4 × 10 m
a) F = qE = 2.5 × 10–4 × 1.2 × 104 = 3 N
F 3 3
So, a = = 3
= 3 × 10
m 10
–3 –3
Eq = mg = 10 × 9.8 = 9.8 × 10 N
1 2 2a 2 4 10 1 –2
b) S = at or t = = = 1.63 × 10 sec
2 g 3 10 3
2 2 3 –1 2
v = u + 2as = 0 + 2 × 3 × 10 × 4 × 10 = 24 × 10 v = 24 10 2 = 4.9 × 10 = 49 m/sec
–1 –1
work done by the electric force w = Ftd = 3 × 4 × 10 = 12 × 10 = 1.2 J
49. m = 100 g, q = 4.9 × 10–5, Fg = mg, Fe = qE
4
E = 2 × 10 N/C
So, the particle moves due to the et resultant R
2
45 1 ( 45)2 10
= 2 ℓ= = 1.2836
10 20 4 (20)2 4 2
mg
When electric field is not applied,
qE 1.2836
T = 2 [a= = 2.5] = 2 = 2.598
ga m 10 2.5
Time for 1 oscillation = 2.598
Time for 20 oscillation = 2.598 × 20 = 51.96 sec ≈ 52 sec.
51. F = qE, F = –Kx
E
Where x = amplitude
K
qE
qE = – Kx or x = q m
K
29.10
Electric Field and Potential
52. The block does not undergo. SHM since here the acceleration is not proportional to displacement and
not always opposite to displacement. When the block is going towards the wall the acceleration is along
displacement and when going away from it the displacement is opposite to acceleration.
Time taken to go towards the wall is the time taken to goes away from it till velocity is
d = ut + (1/2) at2
1 qE 2 d
d= t
2 m
q
22dm 2md
t = t= m
qE qE
Total time taken for to reach the wall and com back (Time period)
2md 8md
= 2t = 2 =
qE qE
53. E = 10 n/c, S = 50 cm = 0.1 m
dV
E= or, V = E × r = 10 × 0.5 = 5 cm
dr
54. Now, VB – VA = Potential diff = ? Charge = 0.01 C
Work done = 12 J Now, Work done = Pot. Diff × Charge
12
Pot. Diff = = 1200 Volt
0.01
55. When the charge is placed at A,
Kq1q2 Kq3 q 4 2 × 10–7 A 2 × 10–7
E1 =
r r
1 3 2
9 10 9 (2 10 7 )2 9 10 9 (2 10 7 )2
= 20 cm 20 cm
0 .1 0 .1
9 14 B
2 9 10 4 10 –4
= = 72 × 10 J
0 .1
When charge is placed at B,
Kq1q2 Kq3 q 4 2 9 10 9 4 10 14 –4
E2 = = = 36 × 10 J
r r 0 .2
–4 –4 –3
Work done = E1 – E2 = (72 – 36) × 10 = 36 × 10 J = 3.6 × 10 J
y
56. (a) A = (0, 0) B = (4, 2)
B
VB – VA = E × d = 20 × 16 = 80 V
(b) A(4m, 2m), B = (6m, 5m)
A
x
VB – VA = E × d = 20 (6 4)2 = 20 × 2 = 40 V
(c) A(0, 0) B = (6m, 5m) E = 20 N/C
z
VB – VA = E × d = 20 (6 0)2 = 20 × 6 = 120 V.
57. (a) The Electric field is along x-direction
Thus potential difference between (0, 0) and (4, 2) is,
V = –E × x = – 20 × (40) = – 80 V
Potential energy (UB – UA) between the points = V × q
–4 –4
= – 80 × (–2) × 10 = 160 × 10 = 0.016 J.
(b) A = (4m, 2m) B = (6m, 5m)
V = – E × x = – 20 × 2 = – 40 V
Potential energy (UB – UA) between the points = V × q
–4 –4
= – 40 × (–2 × 10 ) = 80 × 10 = 0.008 J
(c) A = (0, 0) B = (6m, 5m)
V = – E × x = – 20 × 6 = – 120 V
Potential energy (UB – UA) between the points A and B
–4 –4
= V × q = – 120 × (–2 × 10 ) = 240 × 10 = 0.024 J
29.11
Electric Field and Potential
58. E = î 20 ĵ30 N/CV = at (2m, 2m) r = ( 2i + 2j)
So, V= – E r = –(i20 + 30J) (2 î + 2j) = –(2 × 20 + 2× 30) = – 100 V
59. E = i × Ax = 100 i
0 10 10 Y
1
dvv
= E d
V = 10 x dx =
0
0
2
10 x 2
P(10, 20)
1
0 – V = 1000 = – 500 V = 500 Volts 20
2 X
O
60. V(x, y, z) = A(xy + yz + zx) 10
Volt ML2 T 2 –3 –1
(a) A = 2
= = [MT ]
m TL2
V î V ĵ Vk̂
(b) E = = [ A( xy yz zx ) [ A( xy yz zx ) [ A( xy yz zx )
x y z x y z
= ( Ay Az ) î ( Ax Az ) ĵ ( Ay Ax )k̂ = A( y z) î A( x z) ĵ A( y x )k̂
(c) A = 10 SI unit, r = (1m, 1m, 1m)
E = –10(2) î – 10(2) ĵ – 10(2) k̂ = – 20 î – 20 ĵ – 20 k̂ = 2o 2 20 2 20 2 = 1200 = 34.64 ≈ 35 N/C
–5
61. q1 = q2 = 2 × 10 C
Each are brought from infinity to 10 cm a part d = 10 × 10–2 m
So work done = negative of work done. (Potential E)
10
q1q2 9 10 9 4 10 10
P.E = F ds
P.E. = K
r
=
10 10 2
= 36 J
V
So, Electric field = Cos
r (r 2 x 2 )
r x
r 1
=
2 0 ( x 2 r 2 )1 / 2 ( x 2 r 2 )1 / 2
r x rx
= =
2 0 ( x 2 r 2 )1 / 2 ( x 2 r 2 )1 / 2 2 0 ( x 2 r 2 )3 / 2
29.12
Electric Field and Potential
64. E = 1000 N/C
2
(a) V = E × dℓ = 1000 = 20 V
100
2 cm
(b) u = ? E = 1000, = 2/100 m E
F qE 1.6 10 19 1000 14 2
a= = = = 1.75 × 10 m/s
m m 9.1 10 31
2 14 2 14 6
0 = u –2 × 1.75 × 10 × 0.02 u = 0.04 × 1.75 × 10 u = 2.64 × 10 m/s.
(c) Now, U = u Cos 60° V = 0, s = ? u cos 60°
a = 1.75 × 1014 m/s2 2 2
V = u – 2as
E 60°
2
6 1
2.64 10
s=
uCos60
2
= 2
=
1.75 1012 –2
= 0.497 × 10 ≈ 0.005 m ≈ 0.50 cm
2a 2 1.75 1014
3.5 1014
65. E = 2 N/C in x-direction
(a) Potential aat the origin is O. dV = – Ex dx – Ey dy – Ez dz
V – 0 = – 2x V = – 2x
(b) (25 – 0) = – 2x x = – 12.5 m
(c) If potential at origin is 100 v, v – 100 = – 2x V = – 2x + 100 = 100 – 2x
(d) Potential at IS 0, V – V = – 2x V = V + 2x = 0 + 2 V =
Potential at origin is . No, it is not practical to take potential at to be zero.
66. Amount of work done is assembling the charges is equal to the net
5
potential energy 2× 10– C
2
So, P.E. = U12 + U13 + U23
10 cm 10 cm
Kq1q2 Kq1q3 Kq2 q3 K 10 10
= = [ 4 2 4 3 3 2]
r12 r13 r23 r 1 60° 3
5 5
9 10 4 × 10– C 3 × 10– C
9 10 10
= (8 12 6) = 9 × 26 = 234 J
10 1
67. K.C. decreases by 10 J. Potential = 100 v to 200 v.
So, change in K.E = amount of work done
10J = (200 – 100) v × q0 100 q0 = 10 v
10
q0 = = 0.1 C
100
KQ 9 10 9 2 10 4 –7
68. m = 10 g; F = = F = 1.8 × 10
r 10 10 2
O 10 cm O
1.8 10 7 –3 2 2 × 10–4 c 2 × 10–4 c
F=m×aa= = 1.8 × 10 m/s
10 10 3
2 2 2 2
V – u = 2as V = u + 2as
0 2 1.8 10 3 10 10 2 = 3.6 10 4 = 0.6 × 10 = 6 × 10 m/s.
–2 –3
V=
–5
69. q1 = q2 = 4 × 10 ; s = 1m, m = 5 g = 0.005 kg
q2 9 10 9 ( 4 10 5 )2 A B
F= K = = 14.4 N
r 2
12 +4 × 10–5 – 4 × 10–5
1m
F 14.4 2
Acceleration ‘a’ = = = 2880 m/s
m 0.005
2
Now u = 0, s = 50 cm = 0.5 m, a = 2880 m/s , V =?
2 2 2
V = u + 2as V = = 2 × 2880 × 0.5
V= 2880 = 53.66 m/s ≈ 54 m/s for each particle
29.13
Electric Field and Potential
–30
70. E = 2.5 × 104 P = 3.4 × 10 = PE sin
–30 4 –26
= P × E × 1 = 3.4 × 10 × 2.5 × 10 = 8.5 × 10
71. (a) Dipolemoment = q × ℓ B
A
(Where q = magnitude of charge ℓ = Separation between the charges) –2 × 10–6 C – 2 × 10–6
–6 -2 –8 1 cm C
= 2 × 10 × 10 cm = 2 × 10 cm
(b) We know, Electric field at an axial point of the dipole
2KP 2 9 10 9 2 10 8 7 A
O
B
= 3
= 2 3
= 36 × 10 N/C
r (1 10 ) 1 cm
29.14
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