Module 1: Preparing to Assist LGUs in Forest Land

Use Planning

This provides a brief discussion of the need to organize FLUP assistance teams in
the DENR. These teams, to be created at the Forest Management Bureau (FMB),
DENR Region, PENRO (Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office) and
CENRO (Community Environment and Natural Resources Office) level will be
responsible in providing technical assistance to LGUs in formulating the FLUP. An
overview of the FLUP process and discussion of good governance principles
(transparency, accountability and participatory decision-making) that need to
be integrated in FLUP formulation are included as part of the orientation of the
FLUP Assistance team.

Forest Land Use Planning Process

Data and Map Collection

Situational Analysis

Participatory Prioritization
of Sub-Watersheds and
Allocation of FFL

Plan Preparation

Legitimization

Approval of plan by
DENR Region

Implementation of FLUP

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Data and Map Collection
Reliable data and maps are important in forest land use planning as basis for
sound and informed decision making. Using community profiling methods,
thematic mapping and community mapping, the (MFLUP-TWG) which is multi-
sectoral in composition, collects data and maps relating to the status of FFL
assets and their uses, the users of FFL or the stakeholders, the institutional
arrangements in managing FFL assets and the identified threats to resource
assets and opportunities for their development. These information are
important, to establish the current condition of FFL assets and the trends in its
uses as influenced by activities of the different stakeholders and the way it is
managed by resource institutions. From these, problems, threats and
opportunities could be identified which form the basis in developing strategies
for effective FFL management.

It should be emphasized that participation of key forest stakeholders is necessary

in data collection and mapping and in validating related data as it is relevant in
transparent decision-making.

Situational Analysis
The situational analysis phase identifies issues and opportunities and generates
preliminary recommendations based on analyzed data. Through map overlay
analysis, simplified simulation techniques and other tools, the TWG evaluates the
overall picture of current conditions and recent trends in forests and forest lands
and identifies conflicting/complementing interests and claims among
stakeholders on the use of FFL. It also identifies the extent of open access forest
lands, improperly managed allocated areas and institutional gaps in the
management of FFL. Watersheds are used as the unit of analysis to demonstrate
the relationships of FFL with respect to the other ecosystems following the ridge
to reef framework. Results of the analysis are used during the planning phase
where stakeholders generate consensus on zones, FFL allocations, watershed
prioritization and other technical, organizational and financial strategies.

Participatory Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds and Allocation of FFL

Key findings in the situational analysis are discussed by the TWG highlighting on
illegal cutting, forestlands conversion, boundary and resource use conflicts and
trends in losses of forest cover, among other issues. Considering the issues and
opportunities identified, and the needs of the municipality, the TWG formulates
the LGU’s vision, mission, goals and objectives for managing the FFL. Strategies
are then developed which include among others zoning the FFL to identify
production and protection zones, allocation of open access areas and sub-
watershed prioritization. The TWG initially agree on a set of criteria for zoning
and allocating FFL and in prioritizing sub-watersheds. Based on these agreed
sets of criteria, preliminary zoning and allocation plan and prioritization of sub-
watersheds are developed.

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Plan Preparation
Results of the previous phases of the FLUP process are integrated by organizing a
write shop among members of the TWG. Following the suggested FLUP outline,
members of the TWG are divided into groups where each group is assigned an
FLUP section to write. The outputs of each group are then presented in plenary
to the municipal TWG and consolidated by a local service provider or by an
integration team, incorporating the comments/ suggestions during the plenary
presentation. The consolidated draft FLUP is then presented to different
stakeholders in a stakeholders meeting to validate and generate consensus on
the visions, FFL allocation, prioritization of sub-watersheds and other
recommendations in the FLUP. The draft FLUP also includes a 5-year and 1-year
budget and implementation work plan.

Legitimization
The draft FLUP will have to be legitimized by the Sangguniang Bayan (SB) so that
it becomes part of the annual investment plan of the municipality. Prior to
legitimization, it is also presented to the municipal development council (MDC)
and the DENR-CENRO/PENRO for endorsement to the SB and the DENR Regional
Executive Director (RED), respectively. To facilitate legitimization, small
presentations with the Environment Committee and the Finance Committee of
the SB are sometimes necessary. Based on the comments and suggestions
during these various presentations, the TWG finalizes the FLUP and submits it to SB
together with the resolution legitimizing and endorsing the plan to the DENR-RED.
The SB also authorizes the Municipal Mayor to sign the joint FLUP implementation
memorandum of agreement (MOA) with the DENR.

FLUP Approval
Completion and incorporation of comments in the plan will pave the way for
the CENRO and PENRO endorsements and eventual approval/affirmation by
the RED. Together with the FLUP approval, the RED also signs the joint FLUP
implementation MOA with the LGU. DENR approval of FLUPs shall follow its
enactment as an ordinance and such approval of by DENR shall be manifested
through a MOA between the DENR and the LGU; the MOA shall provide for the
commitments of the two parties toward the full implementation of the FLUP
including joint partnership and resources sharing and complementation for FLUP
implementation.

Implementation of FLUP
Upon approval of the plan, the LGU and the DENR proceed with its
implementation. Among the activities that may require immediate attention
are facilitating co-management of selected watersheds, issuance of tenure
instruments, resource management planning, recognition of individual property
rights, investment promotion, formation and training of multi-sector forest

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protection teams/committee, and regular monitoring of on-site management of
tenure holders.

Module 2: Orientation on Governance-Oriented

Forest Land Use Planning

FLUP formulation should be jointly undertaken by the DENR and the LGUs. It is
not advisable to proceed with forest land use planning if the LGU has not
demonstrated interest because it would be difficult to implement the resulting
FLUP. As a first step therefore, orienting the LGU officials on FLUP is needed so
that they will understand the importance of FLUP in relation to the overall
development of the municipality and the welfare of its constituents.

Before conducting the LGU orientation, the DENR Assistance Team should have
at hand the following information among others:

 Percentage of the LGUs total area covered by forestlands

 Existing forest cover and if available forest cover for two time periods.
 Forest resources (i.e., timber, NTFPs, biodiversity,)
 Value of the watersheds in the target LGU (i.e., watershed for the
production of domestic and irrigation water, watershed as source of
power)
 Environmental issues (i.e., flooding, water scarcity, charcoal making,
timber poaching, illegal logging)
 Socio-political situation

The PowerPoint presentation must highlight these variables so that the

orientation will be LGU-specific and will easily capture the interest of the
participants. Include also some pictures that will catch their imagination. The
presentation should discuss the following:

 What is governance oriented FLUP?

 Why is it important? In here the resource person should point out the value
of FLUP as it addresses the needs and interest of the municipality. For
instance, significant portion of LGU’s area are forestlands which if left
undeveloped will constrain the LGUs development potential. The need to
sustain water supply for agriculture and domestic use, to address raw
material requirements of industries, and to secure livelihood of upland and

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 downstream communities could be demonstrated using local information
to emphasize the importance of FLUP.
 What are the legal bases of FLUP?
 How can the LGU participate in forest management?
 What responses are needed from the LGU to address concerns about the
forest?

The main goal in doing the orientation is outlined by the acronym ACA (aware,
conscienticize, action). At the end of the activity the LGU should become
aware of the condition of its forests and forestlands then seek out their
conscience for them to act on the situation. In summary, the key message of
the orientation is for the LGUs to appreciate the value of their forests and
forestlands as “assets” and the need to get them involved in their management
by undertaking a FLUP to address environmental issues.

Requirements for joint FLUP formulation

A memorandum of agreement (MOA) for joint FLUP formulation is needed to

formalize the partnership between the DENR and the LGU. This agreement spells
out clearly the roles and responsibilities of both parties including commitments
for resources. This is also one way to ensure transparency and accountability in
the FLUP formulation process. The joint FLUP formulation MOA is drafted by a
team composed of DENR and LGU representatives, after the LGU has written a
request for DENR assistance. The letter request addressed to the RED is usually
sent after the LGU orientation is completed. The draft MOA is submitted to the
SB/SP for review and issuance of the necessary authority to the Mayor or
Governor to sign. Key requirements that should be included in the MOA is the
LGU commitment to create a technical working group (TWG) which will
facilitate FLUP formulation and the allocation of funds to support activities of the
TWG.

Organizing the Municipal/ Provincial FLUP TWG

Once the Joint FLUP implementation MOA is signed, the Municipal Mayor/
Governor creates a FLUP TWG. The TWG shall be multi sectoral, composed of
representatives from the DENR, LGU MENRO/PENRO, MPDC/PPDC, NGOs, POs,
IPs, and from other agencies/ units such as the agriculture, NIA, Barangays, and
other relevant groups. At the municipal level, the TWG is usually composed of
three teams, namely IEC and documentation, mapping and community
profiling team.
Aside from the municipal TWG, Barangay FLUP team may also be organized
which would assist the IEC, profiling, and mapping team of the LGU. In some
cases, the Barangay Development Council is designated as the Barangay FLUP
team.
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The teams shall have the following roles and responsibilities:

Mapping Team
1. Prepare thematic maps for FLUP preparation
2. Spearhead community mapping and integrate community maps into
technical/ thematic maps
3. Ensure veracity of biophysical data through ground and community
validation activities
4. Spearhead map overlaying and analysis and prepare derived maps
necessary for FLUP preparation.
5. Compliment activities with other teams necessary to complete and
legitimize the plan.

IEC/ Advocacy and Documentation Team

1. Design, develop and implement IEC campaign plans for target
communities and stakeholders to generate support for the preparation,
legitimization, and implementation of FLUP.
2. Prepare and package IEC Materials for distribution
3. Facilitate the municipal and barangay level IEC campaign on FLUP and
sustainable management of forests and forestlands.
4. Promote and institutionalize good governance practices (transparency,
accountability, participatory decision-making) within the LGU system
towards an improved management of forests and forestlands.
5. Compliment activities with other teams necessary to complete and
legitimize the plan.
6. Document all FLUP planning process; such as: proceedings of the
workshops, discussions/ meetings, and dialogues/ consultations related to
FLUP
7. Draft and package FLUP for legitimization

Community Profiling Team

1. Gather secondary information from existing sources related to FLUP
2. Conduct focus group discussions, key informant interview to gather
primary data and validate socio-economic and cultural data
3. Compliment activities with other teams necessary to complete and
legitimize the plan.

The Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO), in coordination with

other Local Government Offices, shall serve as the lead office responsible for the
completion and legitimization of FLUP. MPDO shall also act as the overall
secretariat of the TWG, which shall also be responsible for facilitating FLUP
workshops and consultations, and make necessary arrangement for the
conduct of such.
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Orientation of the FLUP TWG

As in the DENR Assistance teams, the Municipal Provincial TWG will be oriented
on the rationale, importance, related concepts on FLUP and the process of FLUP
formulation as already discussed in previous sections. In addition, each team
will be briefed about their tasks in the FLUP formulation process. The concerned
DENR Assistance Team at the CENRO/ PENRO level will do the orientation for the
FLUP TWG.

MFLUP-TWG TA Team

TWG Core
Team

Mapping Community Profiling IEC/Advocacy &

Team Team Documentation

Brgy. Planning
Team

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Module 3: Community Profiling and Mapping

It starts with organizing the FLUP data gathering teams at the LGU level. Once
the teams are in place, they are trained on community IEC, mapping and the
various techniques of gathering socio-economic and cultural data. Community
IEC is necessary to inform the various stakeholders about the FLUP before
initiating any data gathering activity. The IEC team proceeds with conducting
community IEC about the FLUP, after which barangay data gathering teams are
organized. Secondary and field data gathering is undertaken by the profiling
team while thematic maps are prepared by the mapping team.

Organizing the FLUP Data Gathering Teams

To facilitate data gathering and mapping and ensure participation of local
communities, the municipal technical working group (MFLUP-TWG) may be
organized into three teams: IEC and documentation, mapping and profiling
teams. The IEC and documentation team will be responsible in orienting the
barangay councils about FLUP and in organizing the Barangay FLUP- TWG in
upland barangays. It is also tasked to document the various FLUP activities. The
mapping team takes charge of preparing the thematic and derived maps
including map overlay analysis while the profiling team is responsible in
collecting socio-economic and cultural information from secondary and primary
sources. Since their roles are clearly defined, these teams can work
simultaneously. Thus, while the IEC team is conducting FLUP orientation and
organizing Barangay FLUP -TWGs, the mapping team can start preparing
thematic maps and the profiling team can start collecting socio-economic and
cultural data.

Community IEC on FLUP

Before any field data gathering activity is initiated, the community IEC team
conducts information and education campaign about forest land use planning
in the municipality and its barangays, most especially in upland barangays. The
team will prepare localized IEC presentation materials for the community IEC to
be conducted in the barangays. The IEC materials must be able to capture the
current situation of the LGUs forests and forestlands and the importance of the
FLUP in promoting effective management of the community’s forests and forest
lands, including the roles of community members and other stakeholders in the
formulation of FLUP. The overall objective of the IEC is to encourage community
participation and stakeholders support. The IEC team not only promotes FLUP
but asks various stakeholders to take an active role in the development of the
plan.

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Community Profiling
While conducting community IEC on FLUP, gathering of secondary data can be
undertaken by members of the Profiling team. Basic socio-economic and
cultural data are collected in appropriate offices of the LGU and other national
agencies, such as population and migration at two time periods, ethnic
composition, economic activities, resources and resource uses, agricultural
production, forest-based economic activities, community facilities and
infrastructures, stakeholders and community problems, issues, constraints and
opportunities. The team may refer to the guide below to assist them in the
community profiling activities:

FLUP Data Collection Guide

1. From secondary sources and key informant interviews, gather the basic
Information and socio-economic, cultural and institutional profile of the
LGU.

Basic Information
a. History of the municipality. Describe its origin, legal basis and other vital
information related to its creation.
b. Location and land area. Describe the geographic location.
c. Climatic condition of the area?
d. What is the LGU’s classification? How much is the IRA?
e. Accessibility. How far is it from the nearest urban center? From the
capital town of the province? From Manila?

Socio-economic, demographic, institutional and political condition of the

municipality
a. Administrative jurisdiction. Describe the number of barangays and if
possible, the sitios covered by the LGU.
Barangays Sitios Land Percent of
Covered Area Total

TOTAL
b. Population. What is the total population? How many belong to
IP/ethnic groups? Describe the population growth rate. Determine the
population 10 years from now.
c. Describe the population density in each barangay.
Barangay Total Area Populati Growth Density
(ha) on rate (persons/ha)

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 d. Describe the economic activities. What are the major sources of
livelihood?
e. Describe the social services and infrastructures found in the LGU. What
is/are the status of the infrastructure/s? Describe the communication
facilities, education, health and other services.
Infrastructure Quantity (No./Length) Status/Remar
s ks
Roads
Bridges
Airport area
Schools
Hospitals
Dams
Irrigation
Systems
Water Supply
Built-up Areas
Communicat
ion facilities
f. Describe the existing institutional arrangements in the management of
forest resources
g. Identify the civil societies and the extent of their
participation/involvement in forest management

2.0 Prepare thematic maps and determine the bio-physical features and
conditions of FFL assets/ resources of the LGU. The TWG should first agree on
the base map which also establishes the agreed political boundaries. It is
crucial that the base map is decided from the very start because this will
serve as standard working map for all other thematic maps

Biophysical Profile:
a. Discuss the land classification/legal status of the municipality. How
many hectares are considered timberland? Express the numbers in
percent.
Land Area (in Percent of Total
Classification hectares)
Timberland
Alienable and
Disposable
TOTAL
b. Describe the slope characteristics of the area. How many hectares
are above 50% in slope?

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Slope Category (in percent) Area (in hectares) Percent of Total
< 18
18-30
31-50
>50
TOTAL
c. Describe the elevation status of the area. How many hectares are
above 1,000 meters above sea level?
Elevation Category Area (in Percent of
(masl) hectares) Total
<500
500-1,000
>1,000
TOTAL

d. Discuss the importance of watershed with respect to its service

areas/uses of the rivers. How many hectares of rice lands or croplands
are being supported by what watershed? Where and what is/are size/s
of this/these service area/s? Is there data on the amount of water
(discharge flow) coming out of the river/watershed?

Name of Rivers and Uses/Service

Watershed/ Creeks Areas
Sub-watershed Covered

TOTAL

e. Describe the geologic hazards/status of the municipality

Geologic Hazards Locati Length/Area/No./Re
on marks
Volcanoes
Faults
Landslip
Frequently
flooded areas
Highly erodible
areas
TOTAL

Conditions of FFL Assets:

f. Identify the FFL assets, determine the extent, area or number, their
watershed/ barangay locations, users and uses, conditions,
trends/threats to these assets and opportunities

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 Vegetative Cover/ Land Use Area(ha.)/ No./ length Total
per SW
SW1 SW2 SWn
Land assets
Forestlands
A & D lands
Water bodies and sub-
watersheds
Rivers & creeks (kms.)
Area of sub-watersheds
Natural forests
Closed Canopy forest
Open Canopy
Mangroves
Plantations
Water production
catchments (ha)
Biodiversity assets
Water infrastructures
Nature-based tourism assets
Grasslands/ brushlands
Cultivated Uplands
Mineral lands
Other assets
TOTAL

g. Tenure over forest lands. Describe the tenure status of the forest lands?
How many are still open access?
Tenure/Allocation Area (in Percent of Total
Instruments hectares)

TOTAL

3.0 Identify the stakeholders through stakeholders’ analysis.

a. Who are the forest users and other groups or institutions that have interests in
the forest resources? Any cooperation, conflict or competition in the use of
resources?
b. How organized are these forest occupants/forest users? Describe their
decision making patterns/leadership, communication, problem-solving,
power influence and mutual support/cooperation

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4.0 Assess the institutional capabilities of DENR and the LGU in joint
management of
forests and forestlands
54
a. Discuss the capabilities of DENR and the LGU in managing FFL by examining
the existing personnel, their skills, budget allocation, equipment and their
overall organizational structure.
b. Examine previous programs implemented by both agencies related to
resource management including existing policies that may affect
management of FFL

5.0 Summarize the key Problems, Issues Conflicts, Needs, Investment/Socio-

Economic Opportunities

Profiling Indigenous Peoples’ Communities

Locating and identifying IPs is the first step. Ethnolinguistic maps provide
information on the location and distribution of IPs. Other useful references
available in locating and identifying IP groups are the following: Philippine
Culture and Ecosystems Map (1998) by Environmental Science for Social
Change; map by the National Council of Churches in the Philippines and the
People’s Action for Cultural Ties (1983); and language map published by the
Summer Institute of Linguistics (1999). Other materials are available in universities
such as Ateneo de Manila and University of the Philippines. Maps of ancestral
domains which have been granted CALC/CALT and CADC/CADT are also
available at the NCIP.

The demographic data of IPs can be derived from the National Statistics Office,
National Museum, NCIP, NGOs, donor or funding agencies/researchers working
in areas occupied by IPs, anthropological researches and the LGU’ records.
Data to be collected include the IP population, number of households,
population density, age-sex distribution and population growth rate

The social structure of IPs is studied focusing on identifying patterns of social and
political organization including forms of family, kinship and marriage since these
will impact on land tenure and accompanying belief systems. Examination of
IP’s political organization entails identification of traditional community leaders.
The sources of information include case studies, key informant interviews, FGDs,
surveys and other reports from government and non-government agencies.

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Mapping for FLUP
The mapping team initially collects available thematic maps at the offices of the
DENR, LGU, NCIP and other agencies. There are 14 core thematic maps needed
in FLUP. Table 2 briefly describes these maps and their sources, mainly the DENR
and National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA), the
Department of Agriculture (DA), Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR),
Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Department of Public Works
and Highways (DPWH), Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) and
the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB).

Checklist of Thematic Maps Needed for FLUP

NO. THEMATIC DESCRIPTION SOURCE
MAPS
1 Land Shows the location of timberland, NAMRIA-DENR
Classification alienable and disposable areas
Map
2 Watershed Shows the watershed divide; Topographic
and Shows the rivers and creeks and Map
Drainage the amount of water coming out
Map of the rivers/ creek
3 Vegetative Old-growth forest (virgin forest); DENR, to be
Cover Map Second-growth forest (open and updated from
closed canopy forests), community
plantation, agricultural areas, mapping
etc.
4 Slope Map <18% To be
18-30 computed
30-50 from 1:50,000
>50% topographic
map, DENR
5 Elevation <500 masl To be derived
Map 500-1,000 from the
>1,000 masl topographic
map, DENR
6 Tenure & Shows the areas with CSCs, DENR, DAR,
Allocation CBFMA, land grant, protected DA-BFAR, MGB
Map area, special agreements and
other tenure instruments
7 Land Use Shows agro-forestry, built up, Comprehensiv
Map cultivation areas, etc. e Land Use
Plans, field
validation, DA-
BFAR, NAMRIA,

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 community
maps

8 Infrastructure Shows the bridges, roads, LGU, DPWH,

Map communal irrigation system, NIA, DA,
power distribution systems, community
schools, hospital, ports, dams and mapping
other infrastructures
9 Settlement/B Show the population density/ LGU,
arangay distribution by barangay, and barangays
Map areas of settlements; location ofconcerned, to
sitios be updated
from
community
mapping
10 Political/Ad Shows the location of barangays LGU, DENR
ministrative and sitios
Map
11 Geologic Location of geologic hazards, MGB, DOST,
Hazard & e.g. volcanoes, faults, land slips, community
Risk Map areas of liquefaction, highly mapping
erodible areas, flood prone areas
12 Conflicts/Issu Shows the location of existing To be
es Map and emerging conflicts in land generated
use allocation plus other issues from map
and concerns related to forest overlay
management (.e.g. overlapping analysis and
tenures/claim, identified community
boundary conflicts, location of mapping, DA-
new and old kaingin, location of BFAR
cutting areas)
13 Forestry Show forestry operation by Project
Projects Map various agencies, e.g. documents
reforestation projects
14 Mineral Shows location of Mineral DENR-MGB,
Map, if any Production Sharing Agreement, LGU
exploration permits, Financial or
Technical Assistance
Agreements, mining claims

Since in most cases the maps are in different scales, they should first be
converted into uniform scale of 1:50,000 so that the team can perform map
overlay analysis. The actual mapping exercise begins with a base map

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preparation. The base map, which establishes the political boundaries of the
LGU, contains features such as roads, rivers, creeks, mountain, ridges, peaks,
springs, etc. It is important because it guides the TWG in generating thematic
maps. Community mapping is also undertaken especially in the upland
barangays to validate and update the prepared thematic maps and to
develop other thematic maps such as the issues and hotspot map.

Validation/Updating of Socio-Economic-Cultural Data and Thematic Maps

The collected data and maps are reviewed and consolidated by the TWG
members to identify data gaps and other information which need field
validation. Field validation and gathering of data gaps uses participatory
community profiling tools like, key informant interview, focus group discussion
(FGD), reconnaissance survey, transect and community mapping.

Aside from field validation, the MFLUP-TWG presents the consolidated data and
maps in a general meeting attended by barangay officials or representatives,
DENR, people’s organizations (POs), NGOs and the LGU. This provides an
opportunity for stakeholders to review and update the collected data and
maps and provide additional information which may be relevant in forest land
use planning.

Module 4: Situational Analysis

Situational analysis is conducted to assess current situations and determine
threats and opportunities for development of FFLs. It is also done to identify
current and planned developments in the LGU that would impact on forest
resources and affect stakeholders. The capabilities of the LGU and DENR in
carrying out forest lands management are examined. Sub-watersheds are used
as the unit of analysis so that impacts on other ecosystems following the ridge to
reef framework are taken into consideration. The focus is on organizing
collected data and maps to determine significant characteristics, patterns or
trends, whether spatial, temporal or flow patterns.

Determining Extent of FFL Assets and Locations

Forest land use planning looks at FFL as assets which the LGU can develop to
enhance its economic growth. The first step in analyzing FFL assets is to identify
what LGU assets have to be protected, conserved and developed. Some
thematic maps show specific FFL resource assets. For instance, vegetative cover
map shows how much of each type of natural forests, plantations, grasslands
and cultivated lands are available in an LGU. Nature-based tourism map
identifies the type and number of existing and potential tourism sites while
infrastructure map shows the type and number of infrastructures, roads, bridges,

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etc. Drainage map indicates the water bodies and mineral map locates the
areas where mineral resources are found. Others such as biodiversity resources,
water production micro catchments, can be identified by overlaying two or
more thematic maps.

Map overlay analysis is an important tool in conducting situational analysis in

FLUP. It allows the determination of what resources are there, how much of
these resources are available and where these resources are located. The
procedure for map overlaying is discussed in details in the mapping guidebook.

To determine the locations of FFL assets in the sub-watersheds, the

corresponding derived resource maps are overlaid with the sub-watershed map
and their areas (in hectares)/numbers per sub-watershed are
measured/counted. Their specific barangay locations can be identified further
by overlaying the barangay administrative map. Results of the analysis of FFL
assets may be summarized and presented using the FFL assets summary table:

FFL Assets Per Sub-Watershed.

FFL Assets Number/Are Tota Maps for overlaying
a per l
sub- are
watershed a
(SW) &
barangays
covered
S SW SW
W 2 n
1
Total Land Area
- Forest lands Land classification +
SW map
- A&D lands Land classification +
SW map
Water bodies and
sub-watersheds
- Rivers and creeks Drainage + SW map
(km)
- Area of sub- Sub-watershed map
watersheds (ha)
Natural Forests
- Closed canopy Vegetative cover + SW
map

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 FFL Assets Number/Are Tota Maps for overlaying
a per l
sub- are
watershed a
(SW) &
barangays
covered
S SW SW
W 2 n
1
- Open canopy Vegetative cover + SW
map
- Marginal forests Vegetative cover + SW
map
- Mangroves Vegetative cover + SW
map
Plantations Vegetative cover + SW
map
Water production Water infra + topo +
catchments (ha) SW map
Water infrastructures
- irrigation (no.) Water infra + SW map
- domestic water Water infra + SW map
reservoirs (no.)
- hydro power (no.) Water infra + SW map
Biodiversity assets Tenure + vegetative
cover + habitat map
- proclaimed Tenure + SW map
protected areas (ha)
- known habitats of Habitat map if
endangered species available + SW map or
(ha or no) local accounts
- closed canopy Vegetative cover + SW
forests (ha) map
- mangrove forests Vegetative cover + SW
(ha) map
- identified Local accounts or
endangered species scientific studies
(no & names)
Nature-based tourism
assets
- number of caves Nature based tourism
map + SW map

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 FFL Assets Number/Are Tota Maps for overlaying
a per l
sub- are
watershed a
(SW) &
barangays
covered
S SW SW
W 2 n
1
- number of waterfalls Nature based tourism
map + SW map
- number of lakes Nature based tourism
map + SW map
- other assets
Grasslands & Vegetative cover + SW
brushlands map
Cultivated forest Vegetative cover + SW
lands map
Mineral lands Mineral map + SW map
Other FFL assets

Trends/Changes in Key FFL Assets

Changes in FFL assets based on vegetative cover can be determined by
comparing vegetative cover maps in two time periods e.g. 2003 vs recent
vegetatve cover map. Loss or gain in natural forests, plantations,
grasslands/brushlands, cultivated lands, forest cover (natural forests +
plantations) in water production catchments, and natural forests in biodiversity
areas are to be noted.

To estimate the forest cover change in water production areas and the natural
forest cover change in biodiversity areas, the TWG will have to prepare a forest
cover change map by overlaying the 2003 or with any recent cover map with
the 1987 or any older cover map. The areas where natural forests and
plantations are lost or gained are delineated in a map identified as a forest
cover change map. By overlaying the forest cover change map with the water
production catchment and sub-watershed map, the area of forest cover lost or
gained in water production catchments per sub-watershed can be measured.
By overlaying the forest cover change map with the biodiversity resource map
and the sub-watershed map, the area of natural forests lost or gained in
biodiversity areas per sub-watershed can be computed. To have an indication
of whether natural forests are effectively managed and protected, the annual
rate of loss of natural forests is computed by dividing the total loss in natural

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forests in between two time periods by the number of years elapsed. The TWG
can then compute the number of years existing natural forests would last by
dividing the remaining natural forests by the annual rate of loss, assuming
existing conditions remain.

Forest Cover Change Summary Table

Vegetative cover change per sub-watershed (ha)
SW1 SW2 SWn
FFL Assets 200 rec los 200 rec loss/ 200 rec loss/
3 ent s/ 3 ent gain 3 ent gain
gai
n
Natural
Forests
- Closed
canopy
- Open
canopy
- Marginal
forests
- Mangroves
Plantations
Forest cover
in water
production
catchments
Natural
forests in
biodiversity
areas
Grasslands &
brushlands
Cultivated
lands
- in forest
lands
- in A&D
lands
Other FFL
assets

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Opportunities for Improved Forest Management
The situational analysis including results of key informant interviews and FGD
could point out certain opportunities for improving management of FFL in an
LGU. Expanding plantation areas and crops grown would indicate what types
of plantations could be promoted and are acceptable to local communities.
Open, grasslands, brushlands and cultivated areas within production zones
would also indicate how much areas are available for development into
plantations where private sectors could invest. Other opportunities would
include potential for institutionalizing payment for ecosystem services, existing
and proposed industries (that may require raw materials from the forests),
interested private investors and external funding agencies.

Zoning FFL into Production and Protection Areas

To effectively direct government and private investments in forest lands, it is
necessary to identify which areas are suited for production and protection
purposes. This way, government can focus its limited funds to the protection of
critical resources while the private sector can channel its investments in the
production and multiple use areas.

The first step in zoning FFL is for the TWG to agree on the criteria for production
and protection zones. Forest lands for protection purposes include those areas
above 50% in slope, more than 1,000 meters in elevation, part of riparian zones,
with close canopy forests and mangroves, within proclaimed protected areas,
habitats of endangered and threatened wildlife species, and identified micro-
catchments which are sources of water for irrigation and domestic use. Forest
lands outside the identified protection areas comprise the production areas.
The TWG may agree on additional criteria for classifying FFL into production or
protection areas.

Zoning of FFL is done through map overlay. The land classification map is
overlaid with the slope map, elevation map, vegetative cover map, tenure
map, water production catchment map, community map or habitats map of
endangered species from existing studies. All forest lands covered by the
criteria for protection areas are delineated and classified as protection zone.
Protection areas may be categorized further into two management zones
consistent with Department Administrative Order (DAO) 2008- 26: strict
protection zone and multiple-use zone. Strict protection zone includes natural
areas with high biodiversity value. They are closed to all human activities, except
for scientific studies and/or ceremonial or religious use by the ICCs/IPs. Multiple-
use zones comprise portions of protection areas where the following may be
allowed consistent with the protected area management plan: settlement,
traditional/sustainable land use including agriculture, agro-forestry and other
income-generating/livelihood activities. It shall also include areas of
recreational, tourism, educational or environmental awareness values and those
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with existing installation of national significance such as development of
renewable energy sources, telecommunication facilities and power lines.

Stakeholders’ Analysis
Stakeholders’ analysis is a systematic process of identifying the key groups,
individuals, institutions, organizations or sectors that have legitimate interests in
specific forest lands areas or may be affected by decisions on the use of FFL.
This analysis is important to better understand the interests towards forest lands,
their relationships, actual and potential conflicts among them and develop
strategies to gain their support in FLUP implementation.

The steps in conducting stakeholders’ analysis are:

 Identify the stakeholders
 Identify the specific interests and mandates of the stakeholders
 Assess the stakeholders’ importance to the success of FLUP
 Assess their strengths, weaknesses, constraints and conflicts with other
stakeholders that may affect their involvement in FFM
 Identify what can be done to gain their support and reduce conflicts
 Summarize in a stakeholders’ analysis matrix as shown below.

Stakeholder

The stakeholders will have to be prioritized based on their importance to FLUP

formulation and implementation. The strengths, weaknesses and constraints of
stakeholders must be evaluated to assess their capability to participate in FLUP
implementation (e.g. Do they have the financial resources and adequate
understanding of FFL related issues or conflict with other stakeholders? What is
the nature of conflict? Do they have linkages with other groups and institutions?
Are they potential supporter or opposition to FLUP implementation?).

The TWG will agree among themselves on the “importance criteria” and decide
who among the identified stakeholders will be given priority consideration in
designing the IEC strategy. The importance criteria may include their role in
budget allocation, approval of work plans, deployment of personnel, policy
formulation and enforcement, sustaining on site activities, direct impact on their
livelihood, etc.

Based on the assessment, the TWG will have to identify IEC and technical
strategies to gain support from the stakeholders and reduce opposition on FLUP
implementation. This may include production of information materials,
conducting consultations to identify appropriate technical strategies and multi-
stakeholder monitoring and evaluation. The analysis will be a basis for the TWG
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to ensure all relevant stakeholders are involved in the validation and consensus
building on FFL allocation and sub-watershed prioritization.

Institutional Analysis
The institutional analysis gives an indication of the existing capabilities of the
DENR and the municipal/city LGU for joint FFL management. The MFLUP-TWG
examines the DENR and LGU organizational structure in relation to Forest and
Forest Management (FFM), the existing staff, their FFM related skills, budget,
linkages with other institutions, forest law enforcement arrangements and
existing and proposed FFM programs/projects.

Objectives of the analysis are to: (i) assess current capability to implement the
FLUP; (ii) identify capability building interventions for the effective FLUP
implementation; (iii) provide inputs to the development of the implementation
support and organizational management component of the plan.

The organizational analysis is conducted by members of the TWG using the

institutional assessment matrix found below.

Institutional Assessment Matrix

Parameters DENR Municipal

LGU
Existing FFM Unit (specify name of unit if
present, indicate N if none)
FFM staff (no.)
FFM skills (check if skill is present and cross
if not available)
- resource management planning
- facilitating recognition of individual
property rights
- farm planning
- forest protection and enforcement
- agroforestry
- tree plantation establishment
- community organizing
- monitoring and evaluation
- investment profiling
Current Annual FFM budget (in Philippine
pesos)
If there is no current FFM allocation, how

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 Parameters DENR Municipal
LGU
much can the LGU allocate
Existing linkages with other agencies
(names of agencies & nature of linkages)
Past, existing and proposed projects
related to FFM
Describe existing FFM, forest law
enforcement and M&E bodies and
arrangements.
- are they effective?
- problems encountered
Other considerations (e.g. local
ordinances passed related to FFM)

Module 5: Participatory Process in Planning the

Allocation of Forests and Forestlands and
Prioritizing Sub-watersheds
It lays out actual consensus-building activities to facilitate generation of
preliminary recommendations for the allocation of FFL. It also assists LGUs on
identifying and agreeing on quantitative and qualitative criteria for allocating
and prioritizing sub-watersheds within the municipality.

The TWG starts with setting its vision, mission, goals and objectives. Next,
discussions focus on allocation and tenure instruments. Emphasis is given on
policy considerations in the allocation of FFL and the socio-economic priorities of
the LGU. Afterwards, the group discusses strategies and recommendations on
the following issues: 1) improving management of currently allocated FFL; 2)
allocating forest lands with existing/conflicting claims; 3) allocating forest lands
with existing claim but without conflicts; and 4) allocating forest lands without
claims.

The TWG is also oriented on prioritizing sub-watersheds for investments. The

rationale for prioritization, how to prioritize and possible criteria for prioritization
are discussed in this chapter. An example is provided to demonstrate the
process of sub-watershed prioritization.

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Setting the vision, mission, goals and objectives

Defining the LGU’s vision

The situational analysis indicates the current situation in the municipality with
respect to the conditions of forests and forestlands, the uses of these resources
as they impact on the stakeholders and the existing institutional arrangements.
Based on results of this assessment, the TWG then should agree on the LGU’s
vision, which is a mental image of the possible and desirable future state of the
LGU’s forests and forestlands, the stakeholders and the implementing institutions.

To define the LGU’s vision, the DENR FLUP Assistance team can facilitate a
workshop by dividing the MFLUP-TWG into 6hree groups, with each group
discussing separately what their desired future state is for the FFL, the
stakeholders and the implementing organizations (DENR and the LGU). The
results of each workshop group can be summarized in the table below and
should be reported in plenary to the entire TWG for enhancement. Three to four
members of the TWG could then be tasked to craft the vision statement by
summarizing the future desired state of FFL, the stakeholders and the
implementing organization based on results of the three workshop groups.

LGU’s Desired Conditions for its FFL, Stakeholders and Implementing

Organizations.

Components Existing Situation Desired Future State

Forests and Forestlands
 Natural forests
 Bare forestlands
 Cultivated lands
Stakeholders
 On- site
 Off-site
Implementing
organization

Defining the mission, goals and objectives

Having agreed on the LGU’s vision, the TWG must clearly understand its mission,
goals and objectives. The mission statement articulates the LGU’s purpose in
managing its FFL. It states why the LGU exists and for whom. A sample mission
statement for instance is: “Manage the forests and forestland of X municipality
to sustain provision of environmental services for the present and future
generations of the municipality.”

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Goals and objectives must be consistent with the overall regional, provincial
and municipal development plans. Goals are broad statement of what we
hope to accomplish. For example, “To protect existing natural forests,” “To
rehabilitate the LGU’s bare forestlands.” Objective setting is a key part of any
planning activity. FLUP objectives must convey what the LGU wants to achieve.
This should be stated in a manner that is simple, measurable, attainable, realistic
and time bounded (SMART). Example: “To reforest 100 hectares of bare
forestlands by 2015.”

The DENR assistance team facilitates another workshop to define the LGUs
mission, goals and objectives. Present the outputs in plenary for review and
further enhancements.

Guides in Allocating Forestlands

There are four major steps in allocating FFL. First is to define critical allocation
decision areas in forest lands and indicate their location in maps. Second,
examine the decision areas, describe the problem, identify and evaluate
options and make recommendations. The discussions and agreed
recommendations are to be documented. Third, evaluate the preliminary land
allocation based on environmental, legal, equity, economic and political
considerations. The final step is to validate, refine and finalize the recommended
allocations, along with the map.

Since different types of tenure instruments have varied purposes and uses, it is
necessary to classify FFL first into production or protection areas. Thus, the
zoning map derived during the situational analysis will be used as one of the
basis in allocating FFL.

There are four allocation decision areas that should be examined, namely:
1. Unallocated FFL with conflicting claims
2. Unallocated FFL with claimant/s
3. Unallocated forest lands without claims
4. Tenured forest lands with under developed areas without effective
management

Each allocation decision area as reflected in the map should be examined

separately. For tenured areas some of the questions that should be discussed
are:
 What is the existing tenure, who is the current tenure holder, when is
existing tenure instrument expiring?
 Why is the area under developed?

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  What are the options to put the area under effective management?
What are advantages and disadvantages of each option?
 What measures should be taken to ensure effective area management?

.For unallocated but with one or more conflicting claims, the TWG can examine:
 Who are the claimants? Basis and the status of their claims?
 What are the options to resolve conflicting claims? (allocate to claimant,
or other stakeholders, joint management, other tenure arrangements)
 What are the applicable tenure instruments based on existing policies,
bio-physical conditions, current uses, and capabilities of potential tenure
holder,
 Reflect preliminary allocation in the map

In evaluating preliminary land allocations, the following should be considered:

 Is it consistent with existing policies?

 Is it equitably allocated?
 Is it environmentally sound?
 Is it acceptable to all stakeholders
Once the TWG had agreed on a preliminary allocation of the open access,
forests and forestlands the recommended allocation is reflected in a map and
presented in a public consultation for validation with key stakeholders.

Prioritizing Sub-Watersheds for Investments

Prioritizing sub-watersheds is done through the use of the Delphi approach, a

participatory process of reaching a consensus. This means that as soon as a
consensus is reached, members of the group are held accountable on what
they have decided on. The first step in watershed prioritization is to determine
and decide on the criteria and indicators to be used. Possible criteria and
indicators include: water production value, economic value, biodiversity value,
tourism value, protection to lives and properties and protection to
infrastructures.

The second step is to agree on indicators to measure each criteria. The following
are some indicators used by LGUs to measure the above identified criteria:
1. Water production value – irrigation service areas in hectares, within and
outside the municipality; number of irrigation and domestic water
infrastructures; number of households benefited by irrigation and
domestic water infrastructure facilities; number of sites planned to be
developed for water supply & power generation;
2. Economic value – area of alienable and disposable (A&D) lands; total
area of production zone in forest land; area of residual forests in A&D

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 lands and production zone; plantations in A&D lands and production
zone; cultivated areas within forest lands;
3. Biodiversity value – area of natural forests in protection zone; number of
endangered wildlife species;
4. Tourism value – number of nature-based tourism sites
(existing/potential);
5. Protection to lives and properties – frequently flooded areas; landslide
prone areas; estimated population affected by flooding and landslide;
total population per sub-watershed; settlement density; and
6. Protection to infrastructures – road density and the number of bridges and
length of roads that may be damaged by flooding or landslide.

To generate the required information for each indicator, it is necessary to

overlay the sub-watershed map with appropriate thematic maps and measure
the indicator in each sub-watershed.

Criteria/Indicators for Prioritizing Sub-watersheds

Criteria/Indicators Unit SW1 SW2 SWn Data source

Sub-watershed area hectares sub-watershed map

A. Biodiversity value

1. Total natural forests within hectares Overlay sub-watershed map with

protection zone protection-production map and
delineate protection areas per
Close canopy hectares sub-watershed. Then overlay
latest vegetative cover map &
Open canopy hectares
measure area of natural forests
within the protection zone per
Mangrove hectares
sub-watershed
Sub-marginal hectares

2. Presence of endangered number Based on existing studies and on

species of wildlife local accounts, locate sightings of
endangered wildlife species in the
sub-watershed & drainage map

B. Water Production value

1. Irrigation service areas Overlay water infrastructure map

Within the LGU
Outside the LGU
2. Number of households
with sub-watershed map & count
hectares number of irrigation, power &
domestic water infrastructure in
hectares
each sub-watershed. For each
infrastructure, determine the
service areas (in hectares), and

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 Criteria/Indicators
benefited
By Irrigation facilities
By domestic water infra
3. Number of irrigation, power
& domestic water infrastructure
4. Areas planned to be
developed for irrigation, power
& domestic water supply
B. Biodiversity value
1. Total natural forests within
protection zone
Close canopy
Open canopy
Mangrove
Sub-marginal
2. Presence of endangered
species of wildlife
C. Economic Production
value
1. Total A&D lands
2. Total production areas within
forest lands
3. Residual forests in A&D
lands and production zones
LINKED Consultancy Group Incorporated |Guide to Forest Land Use Planning
Unit SW1 SW2 SWn Data source
number of households benefited
through key informant interview
number w/ NIA/ MAO/ LGU officials &
local community members.
number Identify areas planned to be
developed for irrigation, power &
number
domestic water supply
number
hectares
Overlay sub-watershed map with
protection-production map and
hectares delineate protection areas per
sub-watershed. Then overlay
hectares latest vegetative cover map &
measure area of natural forests
hectares within the protection zone per
sub-watershed
hectares
number Based on existing studies and on
local accounts, locate sightings of
endangered wildlife species in the
sub-watershed & drainage map
hectares Overlay land classification map
with sub-watershed map
hectares Overlay production- protection
map w/ sub-watershed map
hectares Overlay latest cover map w/ LC,
sub-watershed and production-
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 Criteria/Indicators
4. Plantations in A&D lands and
production zones
5. Cultivated areas within forest
lands
D. Nature-based tourism
value
1. Number of nature-based
tourism sites
Existing
Potential
E. Protection to lives and
properties
1. Frequently flooded areas
2. Landslide prone areas
3. Estimated population
affected by flooding and
landslide
4. Total population
5. Settlement density
F. Protection to
infrastructures
LINKED Consultancy Group Incorporated |Guide to Forest Land Use Planning
Unit SW1 SW2 SWn Data source
hectares protection zone map & delineate
areas within A&D lands and
production forest lands covered
with residual forests and
plantations
hectares Overlay latest cover map w/ LC, &
sub-watershed map & delineate
cultivated areas within forest
lands per sub-watershed
Overlay nature-based tourism
map w/ sub-watershed map and
count the number of existing &
number potential tourism sites per sub-
watershed
number
hectares Overlay hazard map w/ sub-
watershed map & measure total
hectares area of flood prone and landslide
prone sites per sub-watershed.
number
Identify the barangays within the
flood and landslide prone sites
and estimate the population likely
to be affected
number Overlay barangay admin map &
sub-watershed map & identify
barangays within each sub-
watershed. Add the barangay
populations for each sub-
watershed
No./ha. Add the number of households of
all barangays within each sub-
watershed and divide by the sub-
watershed area
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 Criteria/Indicators Unit SW1 SW2 SWn Data source

1. Number of bridges which number Overlay infrastructure map with

may be damaged by flooding or sub-watershed map & count the
landslide number of bridges per sub-
watershed

2. Road density Kms/ha. Overlay road network map with

sub-watershed map and add total
length of roads within each sub-
watershed divided by the sub-
watershed area

3. Other infrastructure which

may be damaged

G. Other criteria

The third step is to agree on weights. This is done with each participant (all
major stakeholder groups should be represented) determining the
“weights” or measure of degree of importance for each criterion (not to
exceed 100 points for all criteria). The “acceptable weights of each
criterion” is determined using average or any democratic process after
each participant has expressed the reason for his/her weights. The matrix
below is an example of an agreed weight by TWGs.

CRITERION WEIGHTS W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6

1. Bio-diversity value 15

2. Water prod’n value 20

3. Economic value 10

4. Protection of Infrastructure 20
Investments

5. Protection of lives and 15

properties

6. Tourism Value 20

Total 100

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 The next step is to assign priority number to each sub-watershed per
criterion based on existing data sets. For example, given 6 sub-
watersheds, a value from 1 to 6 is to be assigned where 6 is the highest
priority. The matrix below demonstrates the priorities assigned by a TWG
for each sub-watershed per criterion.

CRITERION WEIGHT W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6

1. Bio-diversity value 15 6 2 4 5 1 3

2. Water prod’n value 20 1 3 6 5 4 2

3. Economic value 10 2 3 1 4 5 6

4. Protection of 20 1 3 6 5 4 2
Infrastructure
Investments

5. Protection of lives 15 6 2 4 5 1 3
and properties

6. Tourism Values 20 1 3 6 5 4 2

The point rank per criteria for each sub watershed is then computed using
the formula below. The result is shown in the succeeding matrix

Point rank per criteria for the subwatershed = (X/6) x % weight of that
criteria

where: X= 1 to 6 with 6 the highest

CRITERION Weights W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6

1. Bio-diversity 15 (6/6) x (2/6) x (4/6) x (5/6) x (1/6) x (3/6) x

value 15 15 15 15 15 15

2. Water prod’n 20 (1/6) x (3/6) x (6/6) x (5/6) x (6/6) x (2/6) x

value 20 20 20 20 20 20

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 3. Economic value 10 (2/6) x (3/6) x (1/6) x (4/6) x (5/6) x (6/6) x
10 10 10 10 10 10

4. Protection of 20 (1/6) x (3/6) x (6/6) x (5/6) x (6/6) x (2/6) x

Infrastructure 20 20 20 20 20 20
Investments

5. Protection of 15 (6/6) x (2/6) x (4/6) x (5/6) x (1/6) x (3/6) x

lives and 15 15 15 15 15 15
properties

6. Tourism Value 20 (1/6) x (3/6) x (6/6) x (5/6) x (6/6) x (2/6) x

20 20 20 20 20 20

Finally, the points for each sub-watershed are added and their rankings
are determined. The results are then reviewed, and if necessary, the
distribution of weights is refined.

CRITERION Weights W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6

1. Bio-diversity 15 15 4.9 9.9 12.5 9 3

value

2. Water prod’n 20 3 10 20 17 13 7
value

3. Economic value 10 3 5 2 7 8 10

4. Protection of 20 3 10 20 17 13 7
Infrastructure
Investments

5. Protection of 15 15 4.9 9.9 12.5 9 3

lives and
properties

6. Tourism Value 20 3 10 20 17 13 7

SCORE 100 42 44.8 81.8 83 65 37

RANK 5 4 2 1 3 6

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Module 6: Drafting, Legitimization and Approval
of FLUP
In this part, the LGU and the DENR jointly prepare the draft FLUP. A writeshop is
organized where the TWG integrates the various outputs generated in the
previous sections. Every member of the TWG must participate in writing the draft
FLUP. Each member or group is usually assigned a section of the FLUP to write to
encourage them to participate in drafting the plan.

SUGGESTED GUIDELINE
A Summary
a. Highlights and summary of the plan
b. Recommendations and plan of action on:
c. Key targets and closure of open access forests and forest lands
d. Key targets and putting effective management on allocated FFL
e. Resolving or reducing conflicts in FFL
f. Support systems, incentives, financing
g. Information, education and communication, advocacy and formation of
multi-sector organizations
h. Enforcement of forestry rules and regulations
i. Implementing structure and operational strategy
j. Capacity building for the implementing and supporting organizations
k. Collaboration and complementation of support systems
l. Monitoring and evaluation including participation of civil society groups in
annual assessment
m. 10-years (Total costs, sources and uses of funds for implementing the FLUP)
n. Priority sub-watersheds for increasing/improving forest cover – investments in
rehabilitation, protection, enforcement, tenure processing and support
systems.

1.0 Background
1.1 Rationale of the municipal FLUP in the context of improving FFL
management at the LGU level
1.2 FLUP in the context of its historical, socio-economic, biophysical, life
support systems, agricultural, industrial, and political importance
1.3 FLUP in the context of the present and future consumption and
production of food, fiber and water. Relate this with the location and area (with
location map) of the LGU.
1.4 Discussion on how the plan and its implementation respond to the current
problems, issues, needs and opportunities in FFL management within the LGU.

2.0 LGU’s Vision, Mission, Goals and Objectives on its FFL

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2.1 Vision and Mission
2.1.1 Improve the socio-economic condition by ensuring sustainable
production of food, fiber and water in the locality
2.1.2 Maintain ecological balance and biodiversity through effective
development and management of FFL in each sub-watershed.
2.1.3 Protect communities, public and private investments from environmental
hazards such as damages from sudden floods and landslides
2.1.4 Manage the forests for tourism, aesthetic purposes and well-balanced
clean environment.

2.2 Goals and Objectives

Based on transparent and participatory approaches and clearly defined goals,
standards and centers of responsibility and accountability:
2.2.1 Determine priority sub-watersheds for planning and allocating limited
resources for development and investments

2.2.2 Determine and recommend optimal allocation/management of FFL

following biophysical, socio-economic, legal and political criteria
2.2.3 Recommend measures to facilitate resolution or reduction of conflicts
arising from the governance of FFL
2.2.4 Provide a baseline to monitor and evaluate key criteria and indicators for
the implementation of legitimized FLUP to achieve sustainable environmental
and FFL management.

3.0 Scope and limit of FLUP (in the context of the comprehensive land use
plan of a municipality or province)

4.0 Methodology
4.1 Orientation on TAP-enhanced FLUP process, formation of the FLUP team,
action planning
4.2 MOA (DENR and LGU) with ordinance or resolution from MDC and SB
4.3 Sources of information (maps, socioeconomic and biophysical)
4.3 Preparation, validation and revision of thematic and composite maps
4.4 Map overlays, analysis, consultations with various stakeholders
(communities, private sector, civil society, LGU leaders, SBs, MDCs)
4.5 Criteria for prioritizing sub-watersheds and for allocating open access
(unallocated and unmanaged) FFL
4.6 Cross visits – lessons learned and observations
4.7 Community mapping and field validation of recommendations for the
allocation and management of the FFL
4.8 Visioning, drafting and revising the final FLUP
4.9 Legitimization (MDC and SB ordinances or resolutions from civil society
groups or people’s organizations)

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4.10 Endorsement and approval of FLUP by the local chief executive and the
DENR
4.11 Preparation, validation and MOA signing for implementation - investments
in infrastructure, extension services, tenure application/processing, IEC,
community organizing, preparation of resource management plans, etc.

5.0 Key Findings

5.1 Municipal Profile

5.1.1 Biophysical profile – Total area, topography, slope, climate, recent

vegetative cover, sub-watersheds and drainage, hazard areas
5.1.2 Socio-economic and cultural profile – Political subdivisions (barangays &
sitios), demography,
5.1.3 Major livelihood sources, social and infrastructure services
5.1.4 Institutional profile – Describe how the different resource institutions
collaborate in managing the FFL

5.2 Conditions of Forest and Forest Land Assets

Identify the FFL assets, determine the extent, area or volume, their locations,
users and uses, conditions, trends/threats to these assets and opportunities
5.2.1 Forest lands – area of timberlands and alienable and disposable lands
tenure holders and extent of open access
5.2.2 Natural forests
5.2.3 Plantations
5.2.4 Grasslands and brushlands
5.2.5 Cultivated lands
5.2.6 Water bodies and water production areas
5.2.7 Biodiversity resources
5.2.8 Nature-based tourism assets
5.2.9 Mineral resources
5.2.10 Other resources

5.3 Key Stakeholders (Discuss the results of the stakeholders’ analysis)

5.4 Institutional Assessment (Discuss the capabilities of key institutions in terms

of personnel, budget, organization, equipment, etc.)
5.5 Summary of Key Issues, Conflicts, Problems, Needs, Investment/Socio-
Economic Opportunities

6.0 Recommended Strategies

6.1 General Strategies
a. Zoning
b. Allocation of open access forest lands
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 c. Prioritization of sub-watersheds
6.2 Specific Technical Strategies
a. Delineation of protection and production forest lands
b. Protection of existing natural forests
c. Rehabilitation/development of grasslands, brushlands and
cultivated forest lands
d. Conservation and development of water production areas
and biodiversity resources
e. Nature based tourism development
f. Recognition of IPR
g. Developing the priority sub-watershed
h. Others

6.3 Organizational Structure and Operations in Support of FLUP Implementation

 Creation and/or strengthening MENRO
 IEC/Advocacy
 Enforcement, deputation, litigation and penalties
 Extension support systems – DENR, LGUs, collaborative arrangements,
facilities and financing support for smallholder operations
 Crafting, implementing and administering user fee systems
 Forging partnership agreements or arrangements
 Marketing the FLUP through investment fora.

6.4 Periodic Monitoring and Evaluation of FLUP Implementation

 Multi-sector and interagency periodic assessment, analysis and reporting
in support of the FLUP
 Participation of multi-sector groups to monitor compliance to
commitments and MOA under the FLUP.
 Periodic assessment of key FLUP indicators – forest cover, reduction of
open access FFL, etc.
 Annual tenure holders assessment

7 Estimated 10-Year Financial Requirements for Implementing FLUP

 Total costs of personnel requirements, maintenance and operating
expenses (MOE), capital outlay
 Sources of funds – LGU, rentals, taxes, grants, counterparts of DENR and
other government agencies, income from joint venture agreements,
private sector investments, etc.
 Uses of funds – personnel, MOE, investments, support for smallholder
upland farmers/groups, facilities such as nursery, capacity building
activities, coordination costs, etc.
 Strategies for meeting the total FLUP implementation financial
requirements

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  First work and financial plan for implementing FLUP – details of specific
activities (who is responsible, target date, how much will it cost, etc.)

Attachments
a) thematic maps
b) location map
c) derived maps
d) composite map

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