THE STUDY OF TURN-TAKING

IN JANE EYRE MOVIE 2011

PUBLICATION ARTICLE

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Getting Bachelor Degree of Education

in English Department

by:
ID HARUDDIN HANIF ABDULLAH
A320120129

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
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 THE STUDY OF TURN-TAKING IN JANE EYRE MOVIE 2011

ABSTRACTS

ID HARUDDIN HANIF ABDULLAH. A320120129. THE STUDY OF TURN-

TAKING IN JANE EYRE MOVIE 2011 Research Paper. School of Teaching Training
and English and Education. Muhammdiyah University of Surakarta. 2016.

Turn-taking is important aspect of conversation. It can be said that it is the

system to organize of the flow of conversation. To do a conversation, one must
understand the techniques in taking a turn in conversation so the conversation goes
smootly. This research analyzes about turn-taking used in the conversation in Jane Eyre
Movie 2011 based on Sack (1974) theory of turn-taking. The aims of this research are (1)
identifying the kind of turn-taking techniques the speaker used in Jane Eyre Movie 2011
and (2) examining the intention of each type of turn-taking used by the speaker in the
movie.
This research is analyzed using descriptive qualitative method since this
research analyzes the data in words form. In analyzing data, the writer uses Sack‟s theory
of turn-taking to answer the first problem and theory of context in discourse to answer the
second problem. The writer took 14 data to be analyzed in this research.
Based on Sack‟s theory, there are three turn-taking techniques, namely:
Current speaker selects next technique, self-selection technique and current speaker
continues technique. Based on data analysis, it is found that the most used technique is
current speaker selects next technique which is used in 12 of 14 data, then followed by
self-selection technique which is used in 10 of 14 data and the last current speaker
continues technique which is used in 6 of 14 data. The speaker‟s intention of using
current speaker selects next technique are to get a responses or demanding responses from
the hearer. While the intention of using self-selection technique, the speaker has the
intention to support or oppose the argument of the previous speaker and to give
explanation of what is said by previous speaker. The intention of using current speaker
continues technique is to convince the hearer. Another intention is to take some times to
thinks of what next the speaker want to say.

Keywords: Turn-taking, Speaker‟s intention, Conversation Analysis, and IRF.

ABSTRAK

Pengambilan giliran bicara merupakan sebuah aspek penting dalam percakapan.

Dapat dikatakan bahwa itu merupakan sebuah sistem yang mengatur jalannya sebuah
percakapan. Dalam melakukan percakapan, kita harus memahami teknik-teknik dalam
pengambilan giliran bicara sehingga percakapan berjalan lancar. Penelitian ini
menganalisis pengambian giliran bicara yang digunakan dalam percakapan di film Jane
Eyre 2011 berdasarkan teori Sack (1974). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1)
mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis teknik pengambilan giliran bicara yang digunakan penutur

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dalam film Jane Eyre 2011 dan (2) memeriksa maksud dari tiap-tiap penggunaan teknik
pengambilan giliran bicara yang digunakan penutur dalam film tersebut.
Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif karena
data yang dianalisis berbentuk kata-kata. Dalam menganalisis data, penulis menggunakan
teori pengambilan giliran bicara dari Sack untuk menjawab permasalahan pertama dan
teori konteks dalam wacana untuk menjawab permasalahan kedua.
Berdasarkan teori Sack, terdapat tiga teknik pengambilan giliran bicara, yaitu :
teknik penutur saat ini memilih penutur berikutnya, teknik seleksi mandiri dan teknik
penutur saat ini melanjutkan giliran. Berdasarkan analisis data, ditemukan bahwa teknik
yang paling sering digunakan adalah teknik penutur saat ini memilih penutur berikutnya
yang digunakan di 12 dari 14 data, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan teknik seleksi mandiri
yang digunakan dalam 10 dari 14 data dan teknik penutur saat ini melanjutkan giliran
yang digunakan dalam 6 dari 14 data. Maksud penutur menggunakan teknik penutur saat
ini memilih penutur berikutnya adalah untuk mendapatkan tanggapan dari pendengar.
Sementara niat menggunakan teknik seleksi mandiri, penutur memiliki maksud untuk
mendukung atau menentang argumen dari pembicara sebelumnya dan memberikan
penjelasan tentang apa yang dikatakan oleh pembicara sebelumnya. Maksud
menggunakan teknik penutur saat ini melanjutkan giliran adalah untuk meyakinkan
pendengar. Maksud lainnya adalah untuk berhenti sejenak untuk memikirkan tentang apa
yang selanjutnya penutur ingin katakan.

Kata kunci: Giliran bicara, Maksud penutur, Analisis Percakapan, dan IRF.
1. INTRODUCTION
A conversation is social exchange. Exchange occurs when A initiates
the conversation, then B gives respons and then A gives the follow-up. In the
other hands, exchange system is the combination of initiation, response and
follow-up (IRF). According to Dobson (1997: 17), conversation can be defined as
the exchange of thought and information with spoken language. As the social
beings, human cannot separate conversation from their interaction.
In doing conversation, speakers speak to each other in certain order. It
is called turn-taking in coversation. The study of turn taking is the central feature
of conversation analysis. It becomes important part because in doing conversation,
it would be good if the conversation run smoothly without interruption or overlap.
Turn-taking exist to organize the run of a conversation. In verbal communication
turn-taking used to organize talks in interview, debate, ceremonies, conversation
etc. Sack calls this as „speech exchange system‟ (Sack et al.1974: 696). The
analysis of turn-taking is concerned with how interactants take turns speaking and
how who speaks when is determined. According to Levinson (in Herman, 1995:
78), “turn-taking has been described as a process in which „one participant A talks,
stops; another, B, starts, talks, stops; and so we obtain as A-B-A-B-A-B
distribution of talk across two participants‟. This explain that only one speaker
talk at a time then another when the turn is possible”.
Turn-taking is interesting to be studied because it covers the
organization of a conversation. Many of the researchers have conducted the
analysis of turn-taking in movies or talkshow. For example, Nuri Saraswati‟s

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research (2015), Dwi Sulistyowati (2009), Shelly Rosyalina (2012) , and Ari
Nugroho and Lisetyo Ariyanti‟s research (2014). Most of the research above are
describing the turn-taking technique used in the movie and talkshow. That is why,
the writer not only want to describe the turn-taking technique based on Sack‟s
theory but also dercribing the speaker‟s intention.
After fore observation of Jane Eyre Movie, the writer finds that some
dialogues that diffucult to determine who the next to talk because the first speaker
doesn‟t select the next speaker. According to Sack‟s rules of turn-taking, if the
current speaker use selects next speaker technique, then the party selected has the
right and is obliged to take next turn to speak; no others have such right and
obligations, and transfer occurs at that place. Sack also suggest that there is at
least and not more one party talk at a time. The reason why the writer choose Jane
Eyre Movie 2011 because the participants of the conversation have equal power
between them. Jane Eyre Movie 2011 is a good movie with late 18th century
background of England and has good dialogues based on the original novel by
well-known writer, Charlotte Bronte. This phenomenon has made the writer
curious in finding the kinds of turn-taking teachniques used and the speakers
intention found in Jane Eyre Movie 2011‟s dialogues.
This research aims to (1) identify the kind of turn-taking techniques
the speaker used in Jane Eyre Movie 2011 and (2) examine the intention of each
type of turn-taking used by the speaker in the movie above. In order to prove the
originality of this research, the writer summarized some relevant research from
previous researchers. The first research which related to the writer‟s research was
conducted by Nuri Saraswati (2015) entitled “A STUDY OF TURN TAKING
USED IN HARD ROCK FM RADIO TALK SHOW UNDER THE TOPIC
“GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT WITH MYRA
BROWN”. Her research aims to identify the types of turn-taking, the speakers‟
strategies, some reasons that the speakers took the turn, and the relation among
the speakers after they took the turn. She uses three main theories to analyze
her research, those are were discourse analysis by Gee (2011), turn-taking by
Renkema (2004), and context by van Dijk (2009). Her research findings
discovered that there were three types of turn taking. They are speaker‟s
selection, speaker‟s self choice, and speaker‟s determination. Strategies that are
used by the speakers, they are overlap, interruption, back-channel, and silence.
One of the reasons that the speakers took the turn was the hosts wanted the guest
to tell any information related with the topic.
Second research is ”TURN TAKING STRATEGIES USED BY THE
MAIN CHARACTER IN THE PURSUIT OF HAPPYNESS MOVIE” by Dwi
Sulistyowati (2009). Her research aims to discover the turn-taking strategies used
by the character of the movie based on Strensom‟s theory which divides turn

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taking strategies into taking the turn strategy, holding the turn strategy, and
yielding the turn strategy. The findings of her research show that those strategies
are found in every conversation.
The third research was conducted by Shelly Rosyalina (2012) entitled
“THE ANALYSIS OF CONVERSATIONAL STRUCTURE IN THE “TOY STORY
3” ANIMATION MOVIE SCRIPT”. The objectives of her research are to describe
the allocation of turn taking in the script of “Toy Story 3” Animation
Movie and to describe the adjacency pairs appeared in the dialogue of the script of
“Toy Story 3” Animation Movie. She found 1144 turns in the script of Toy
Story 3. There are 42 characters in this movie. The turn allocation component
dominated by the 1 rule. The percentage of turn rules are 59. 20 % of rule 1, 26.
53 % of rule 2, and 14. 26 % of rule 3. The form of repair found 3 times, and 9
times of overlapping. The dominant character who takes the turn are Woody,
Buzz, Jessie, Lotso and Mr. Potato Head/One Eyed Bart.
The fourth research is a journal by Ari Nugroho and Lisetyo Ariyanti
(2014) entitled “A STUDY OF TURN-TAKING USED IN INTERVIEW TV
PROGRAM “INDONESIA NOW EXCLUSIVE AGNES MONICA WITH DALTON
TANONAKA” ON METRO TV”. The aim of their study was to find the way
participants in a conversation take and construct the turn to talk. In this study they
used some theories from Sacks, et al (1974) theory about turn-taking systems and
also Tannen (2005), and Yule (1996) theory about turn taking strategies such as
overlap, interruption and backchannel signal, and Kurylo (2013) about the cultural
background of conversation in using turn taking strategies.
Although the three researches above have the same object with this
research, that is the study of turn taking, this research has the differences. This
research focus on analyzing the types of turn-taking, the intention of the speaker
and the characteristic of the speaker in Jane Eyre Movie 2011.
Several theories also presented in order to give a clear understanding
about the research such as, notion of conversation analysis, pragmatics of
conversation, notion of discourse analysis, transription system, notion of turn-
taking, turn-taking rules, and turn-taking approach. Cutting (2008) defines
conversation as informal and unplanned discourse mutually constructed and
negotiated in time between speakers. A conversation can be succeed when there is
a mutual interesting of the topic they talk about or connection between the
speakers.
Coulthard (1985: 60) argues that Conversation Analysis (CA) had
been developed by three siciologist, Sack, Schegloff and Jefferson. They saw
conversation analysis as the first step to achieve naturalistic discipline “to deal
with detail of social interaction in arigorous, empirical and fornal way”.
According to Cutting (2008: 22), CA is a field that studies “the way that what

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speakers say dictates the answer expected, and the speaker take turns when they
interact”. Conversation analysis deals with conversation structure. In conversation,
there is a term called „floor‟ which can be defined as the right to speak. Having
control if the floor at any time is called a „turn‟. In any situation where the control
is not fixed in advance, anyone can get the control. It is called turn-taking (Yule,
1996: 72).
Most of the conversation involves two or more participants taking the
turn and only one party talking at any time. Such silence or overlap is not
tolerated in English conversation. According to Yule (1996: 72), smooth
transitions from one speaker to the next seem to be valued. Transition with long
silence between turns or with substantial overlap (i.e. both speaker trying to speak
at the same time) are felt to be akward. When two people attempt tohave a
conversation and discover that there is no „flow‟, or smooth rythm to their
transitions, much more is being communicative than it said.
Discorse study has become popular term and major field of study and
research. Many expert have defined the notion of discourse. Stubbs (in Fauziati,
2009: 174) states that Discourse is language above sentence level. While
according to Fairlough (in Fauziati, 2009:174), Discourse is more than language
use: it is language use, whether speech or writing, seen as a type of social
practices. Renkema (1993: 1) states that discourse studies is the disciple devoted
to the investigation of the relationship between form and function in verbal
communication.
Stubbs (in Fauziati, 2009: 175) also states that discourse analysis is
used to refer mainly to the linguistic analysis of naturaly occuring connected to
the spoken or written discourse. Therefore, discourse analysis is studying larger
linguistic units, such as conversational exchanges or written texts. Based on
explanation by expert above, the writer concludes that discourse analysis is the
study of linguistic attempts to analyze the relation between form and function both
spoken or written language.
Although discourse analysis is often mistaken with conversation
analysis, they both have significant differences. Discourse analysis cover both
spoken and written language for instance, pharagraph or passage, books or film.
On contrary, conversation analysis only study on naturally occurance spoken
language, for instance, film, talkshow or everyday conversation. In other word,
discourse analysis has larger field than conversation analysis. In this case
conversation analysis is more suitable to analyze this research because it has more
narrow approach than discourse analysis.
The meaning of a conversation is not always represented in words. In
order to understand the conversation, one must infer it. Inference and intention are
related to context. According to Cutting (2008: 3), there are three kinds of context

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for analysing language use, those are, situational context is a context related to
what speakers know about what they can see around them. The situational context
is the immediate physical co-presence, the situational where the interaction is
taking place at the moment of speaking. Background-knowledge contexta is a
context related to what speakers know each other in the world. This can be either
cultural and interpersonal background-knowledge. Cultural is general knowledge
that most people carry with them in their minds, about areas of life. Interpersonal
is specific knowledge about history of the speakers themselves. Co-textual context
is a context related to what speakers know about what they have been saying.
Many linguists use transcription system to convert the recorded verbal
interaction into written representation. A transcription system as Renkema (1993:
107) describes in his book is a method required in the study of verbal interaction.
According to Wikipedia, Transcription refers to the systematic representation of
language in written form both spoken and written language. By using transcription
system, we can know the intonation, who is the current speaker and who said what
then. In this research the writer use orthographic transcription system to transcript
the dialogues in the movie. According to Wikipedia, Orthographic transcription is
“a transcription method that employs the standard spelling system of each target
language”.
- Distribution aspect in turn-taking
- Transition Relevance Place (TRP) or Turn Constructional Unit (TCU)
- Pauses
- Overlap
- Nonverbal Action
- Raising tone
- Short hesitation
- Stressing
- Lengthening
- Interruption
- Sequence organization
- Repairs
Turn-taking is the central feature of the conversation analysis. As
Renkema (1993) says in his book, turn-taking can be quite varied. In
conversations, there is no limit to the length of a turn. According to Sack et al.
(1974), the turn-taking model consist of two components: the turn-construction
component and the turn-taking component. The first component a turn is
constructed, built up out od syntactical units: sentences, sentence fragments. Or
words. The first point at which an assignment of turns can take place is at the end
of the first units. This point called the „transition-relevance place‟ (TRP). This
first component consis of four rules.

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 Sack et. al. (1974) have formulated the turn-taking rules in order to
provide the allocation of a next turn to one party, and coordinate transfer so gaps
and overlapping can be minimized. Those rules are:
1) For any turn, at the initial transition-relevance place (TRP) of an initial turn-
construction unit:
a) If the turn-so-far is so constructed as to involve the use of a „current
speaker selects next‟ technique, then the party so selected has the right
and is obliged to take the turn to speak; no others have such the rights or
obligations, and transfer occurs at that place.
b) If the turn-so-far is so constructed as not to involve the use of a „current
speaker selects next‟ technique, then self-selection for next speakership
may, but need not, be institued; first starter acquires right to a turn, and
transfer occurs at that place.
c) If the turn-so-far is so constructed as not to involve the use of a „current
speaker selects next‟ technique, then current speaker may, but need not
continue, unless another self-select.
2) If as the initial transition-relevance place (TRP) of an initial turn-construction
unit, neither 1a nor 1b has operated, and, following the provision 1c, current
speaker has continued, then the rule-set (a) to (c) re-applies at the next TRP,
and recursively at each next TRP, until transfer is affected.
From the explanation above, it can be said that there are 3 technique in
taking the turn in conversation, those are: current speaker select next technique,
self selection technique and current speaker continue.
Before discussing several aspects in turn-taking, the writer thinks it is
necessary to discuss the turn-taking approach. According to T.P. Wilson, et al.
(1984), there are three approaches which can be used as a reference to analyze
turn-taking especially in conversation interaction. The three approaches are: (1)
stochastic modelling approach, (2) signalling system approach, and (3) sequential
production approach in conversation. The merger approach (2) and (3) above is
very important to be considered in order to produce the accurate understanding of
turn-taking.
Stochactic modelling approach firstly presented by Jaffe & Feldstein
(1970) refers to the instrument to analyze the measurement the physical
characteristics of the acoustic signal associated with the conversation. This
stochastic model used to present the information of conversation data in term of
quantity gradation, such as the length of silent and overflowing self-speakers,
silent length and overflow between speakers, individual vocal characteristics, and
coincidental utterances. Jaffe & Feldstein (1970) also develop the study of turn-
taking especially whether or not there is a speaker exchange after silences.

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 Meanwhile, signalling system approach in turn-taking refers to the
transition of a turn which organized by switching signs, such vocal or gesture. In
this approach, Duncan (1972) formulates sign system and rule called turn system,
which is hypotesized to organize turn-taking in face to face conversation of two
people. The assumtion of turn-taking system is each speaker assumes that they
stand in one of two sides, that is: speaker, who demands the turn; hearer, who
don‟t demand the turn. So, there are four conditions in two people conversation,
that is: (1) A as speaker, B as hearer; (2) A as hearer, B as speaker; (3) A and B as
speakers; and (4) A and B as hearers.
The basic mechanism of turn-taking system has two signs: the sign of
speaker turn or turn yielding turn and attempt suppresing signal (Duncan & Fiske,
1977: 188-89 in T.P Wilson, et al. 1984).
Turn-taking approach with sequential production adherents the
tradition of conversation analysis by Sacks et al. (1974). According to Sacks et al.
(1974), turn-taking system has rule and procedure that is used by participants to
exchange their turn. So after the first speaker determines the end of his turn, the
hearer side alternately take the chance to speak after that.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
In analyzing and discussing the data, the writer has to enter the
research method to get success in conducting the research. In relation to this
research, the writer chooses a descriptive qualitative method to frame the
research. In this research paper, the writer employs the qualitative research.
Qualitative research is a research which has a result of descriptive data in the
form of written or oral form observing people or behavior. Then the steps of
conducting this qualitative research are: (1) determining the object of this
research, (2) determining the source of data, (3) determining the method of data
collection, (4) determining the technique of data analysis. The writer uses the
observation technique in collecting data.
The object of this research is the study of turn-taking, the data are the
conversation including turn-taking between participants in Jane Eyre Movie
(2011). The data are transcribed using Orthographic transcription, while the
source of data is the text of the conversation in Jane Eyre Movie (2011). In
collecting data, the writer took or cut the conversation based on the profession of
the speakers and then the writer identifies and signs the data which is indicated as
a turn within conversation of the movie.
In analyzing the data, the writer refers to Sack‟s (1974) theory of turn-
taking to to describe the turn-taking technique used by the speakers and then the
writer refersto context in discourse especially situational context to examine the
intentions of the speakers.
3. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

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 After analyzing the 13 data conversation in “Jane Eyre Movie 2011”
based on Sacks (1974) theory of the turn taking technique, the researcher
discusses the whole data to answer the research problems. The researcher finds
that the three turn taking technique used in most data conversation. Those
technique are current speaker selects next technique, self-selection technique and
current speaker continues technique.
(1.2) Turn-taking technique used in Jane Eyre Movie 2011
The most used technique is current speaker select next technique. This
technique can be found in every data of the conversation. It is usually occurs
when the speaker initiates the conversation by addressing other speaker to start
speak with the word you or other participant‟s name or directing a question to
them. For example: ” Do you know, Jane Eyre, where thewicked go after
death::”↑(Data 3, T1), “It‟s WONderful to see you up, Miss Elliott. Last week
we thought we‟d be escorting your remains to an unmarked gra:ve.” (Data 4,
T1). It also found in the middle such as, “(0,3) And why are you not with Mrs.
Reed of Gateshead now::” (Data 9, T13)
The second technique is self-selection. This technique is not frequently occur
in every data conversation. Mostly, smooth conversation which contain no
overlap or interruption is not use self-selection technique. This technique can
be found in the middle of the data. It is occurs when one speaker interrupts one
another. For example, overlapping which occurs such as “//Don‟t TROuble
yourself to give her a character. I‟ll judge for myself. I have her to thank for
this SPRAIN” (Data 9, T19), “//I‟ll account for this state of affairs. Say nothing”
(Data 10, T9) and and interruption such as “=PROCEED” (Data 12, T6) and
“=YOU CANNOT” (Data 13, T10).
The last technique is current speaker continues technique. This
technique can be used when there is no other party take the turn. This
technique rarely used and not all of the data above use this technique. For
example, “SPOILT, MISERABLE BRAT::” (Data 2, T3) when Jane‟s cousin
doesn‟t take the turn and instead hit her or “There is an invisible world ALL
around you, a KINGdom of spirits commissioned to guard you, Jane. Do you
not see: them↓” (Data 5, T7) when Jane doesn‟t response to Helen and only
smiles.
Table 1: Resume of the data analysis.
Turn-taking Technique
Data Current Speaker Self-selection Current Speaker
selects next technique technique continues technique
1 √ √ -
2 √ √ √
3 √ √ -

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4 √ √ -
5 √ - √
6 √ - √
7 √ - √
8 - √ √
9 √ √ -
10 √ √ -
11 √ √ -
12 √ - -
13 - √ √
14 √ √ -
3.2 The speaker intention of each type of turn taking used by the speaker in
Jane Eyre 2011 movie
Based on the data analysis, the writer finds several of the speaker
intentions in using each turn taking technique and divided it into these category
as follows:
3.2.1 Intention in using Current speaker selects next technique.
In using current speaker selects next technique, the speaker has the
intention such as to get a responses or demanding responses from the
hearer. It can be found in the following example:
Mary : St. John: we would have stumbled
upon her corpse in the mo:rning (.)
And she would have HAUNted us
for turning her away:: (demanding
resposes from the hearer)
St. John Rivers : She‟s no va::grants I‟m SURE of it
(Data 1, T5)
The above example is taken from data 1, T5 and T6. It shows that
Marry is worried about the dying women taken St. John into his house
and she demands a response from St. John. As a consequence, St. John
gives her the response as above example. Here another example:
Brocklehurst : Do you know, Jane Eyre, where
the wicked go after death::↑
Jane : They go to hell
Brocklehurst : And wha::t↑ is hell
Jane : (0.2) A pit full of fire
(Data 3, T1 and T3)
The data above shows that Mr. Brocklehurst is observing Jane by
giving a question to her. He is doing so because he demands the

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 resposnse from Jane. As a consequence, Jane gives the response to his
question.
3.2.2 Intention in using Self-selection technique.
In using self-selection technique, the speaker has the intention to
support or oppose the argument of the previous speaker and to give
explanation of what is said by previous speaker. It showed by the
following example:
Mary : It‟s WONderful to see you up, Miss
Elliott. Last week we thought we‟d
be escorting your remains to an
unmarked gra:ve.
Diana : She read ‘The Bride of Lindorf’
and suddenly all is woebegone
maidens and dramatic deaths.
(gives explanation about what is
said before)
Jane Eyre : I‟m sorry to have caused you so
much trouble
(Data 4, T2)
From the above example, it shows that Diana use self-selection
technique. Based on background knowledge context, Diana knows that
her sister likes to read horror books so she explains to Jane about what
is said by her sister before.
The other intention is to support or oppose what is said by
previous speaker as showed by the following examples:
Miss Ingram : Why don‟t you send her to school::
Mr. Rochester : She has a GOVerness
Miss Ingram : Poor child:: I had about half a dozen
in my day:: all detestable incuby
Lord Ingram : Its true ((Gigling)) (Supports the
previous speaker)
(Data 11, T8)
From the above example, it shows that the intention of Lord Ingram
uses self-selection is to support the argument of Miss ingram. Based on
background knowledge context, He knows about what is said by his
daughter.
Mrs. Fairfax : I daily thank providence for
sending us Miss Eyre. She‟s an
inVAluable// ((cannot finish what
she want to say))

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 Mr. Rochester : // Don’t TROuble
yourself to give her a character.
I’ll judge for myself. I have her to
thank for this SPRAIN (oppose
the previous speaker)
Mrs. Fairfax : Sir:: ↑
(Data 9, T19)
From the above example, it show that Mr. Rochester uses self-selection
technique by overlapping Mrs. Fairfax‟s turn. It means that he disagree
with Mrs. Fairfax‟s opinion about Jane. He‟d like to observe and judge
people by himself.
3.2.3 Intention in using Current speaker continues technique.
The intention of using current speaker continues technique is to
convince the hearer. It shows in the following example:
Helen : You are loved↓(0,3)
Jane : ((smiles)) (to convince the hearer)
Helen There is an invisible world ALL
around you, a KINGdom of
spirits commissioned to guard
you, Jane. Do you not see:
them↓(to convince the hearer)
(Data 5, T7)
From the above example, it shows that Helen‟s intention in using
current speaker continues technique is to get Jane convinced by her
statement. Based on situational context, Helen is trying to cheer her up
after being punished by Miss Scatcherd.
Another intention is to take some times to thinks of what next
the speaker want to say. Is shows in the following example:
Mary : You‟re not fit enough to work. Is
she, Di:: ((staring at Diana))
Diana : No:: Stay with us
St. John River : You return to your posts at the
end of the month:: What must
Miss Elliott do then:: ((looks at
Jane)) (0,5) I’ll endeavour to
help you (0,2) if that’s what you
wish. (takes some time to think of
what next to say)
Jane Eyre : With all my heart, sir::
(Data 4, T11)

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 From the above example, it shows that St. John uses current speaker
continues (showed by pauses). The intention is to take some time to
think of what next to say. Based on situational context, St. John is
confuse because his sister will return to their post by the end of the
month and he must seek a job to Jane.
4. CONCLUSION
Based on the research questions and discussion of the data analysis,
the following conclusion describes the study of turn-taking in Jane Eyre Movie
2011.
From 14 data taken in previous chapter, the most used turn-taking
technique used in the conversation of the participants of Jane Eyre Movie is
current speaker select next technique which is used in 12 of 14 data. Then
followed by self-selection technique which is used in 10 of 14 data. The last is
current speaker continues technique which is used in 6 of 14 data.
The function of the turn-taking techniques in conversation is to
organize the hearer when they want to take the turn. The current speaker selects
next technique is used to give away the turn to the hearer by addressing, yelling or
directing a question. Mostly, the party who uses this technique is the first speaker.
Self-selection technique is used to take over the turn from other speaker by
interrupting or overlapping the turn of one party. Current speaker continues
technique is used to continue the turn if there is no party take the turn after the
current speaker end the turn.
In using current speaker selects next technique, the speaker has the
intention such as to get a responses or demanding responses from the hearer.
While the intention of using self-selection technique, the speaker has the intention
to support or oppose the argument of the previous speaker and to give explanation
of what is said by previous speaker. The intention of using current speaker
continues technique is to convince the hearer. Another intention is to take some
times to thinks of what next the speaker want to say.
After the writer conducts this research, he gets the understanding
about the techniques of turn-taking in conversations, what we have to do when we
want to take the turn, continue the turn and give the turn. As social being, this is
very important for us when we interact each other in our live. By having
understanding about turn-taking techniques and apply it in our everyday
conversations, our conversation will go smoothly.

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 VIRTUAL REFERENCE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(linguistics), accessed on March 27,

2016.

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