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Turkish Familiarization Course PDF
Turkish Familiarization Course PDF
Introduction To
Turkey
GEOGRAPHY
Map of Turkey
Flag of Turkey
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Turkey is located at the southwestern extremity of Asia and the southeastern extremity of
Europe. It forms a natural geographic bridge between the old world continents of Asia,
Africa and Europe.
Turkey is situated between 36-42º north latitudes and 26-45º east longitudes. It is
bordered on the west by Greece and Bulgaria, on the east by Georgia, Armenia and Iran,
and on the south by Iraq and Syria. It is surrounded by the Black Sea in the north, the
Aegean Sea in the west, and the Mediterranean Sea in the south. The Anatolian Peninsula
is the westernmost point of Asia, divided from Europe by the Bosporus and Dardanelles
Straits. Thrace is the western part of Turkey on the European continent.
Turkey’s total area covers approximately 780,580 square kilometers (301,380 square
miles). Anatolia is about the size of Texas and Thrace is about equal to the size of
Massachusetts.
The variety of the geography and location of the mountains creates the possibility for the
four seasons to exist during the year. The climate is mild in the coastal regions due to the
influence of the sea. The central regions are sealed from the sea by the mountain ranges
and demonstrate continental climate characteristics.
The varied landscapes of Turkey are the result of complex earth movements over
thousands of years. Therefore, it is a tectonically active region that experiences frequent
destructive earthquakes. A major earthquake occurred in 1999 and devastated a city in the
northwest region 60 miles east of Istanbul. Measured at 7.4 on the Richter scale, it was
the most powerful earthquake ever to hit Turkey and left 15,000 people dead, 23,000
injured and 500,000 homeless.
Turkey has abundant arable land; 31% of the land is rated as arable and 11.5% is used as
pasture. Eighteen percent of the arable land is irrigated and 11% of arable land is planted
with permanent crops. Turkey has 10.2 million hectares of forest and woodlands, which
corresponds to 26% of its area.
Turkey has a very long coast, a total of 7,200 kilometers (4,500 miles), along the
Mediterranean, Aegean, Marmara and Black Seas. It has very active seaports such as
Iskenderun, Mersin and Antalya on the Mediterranean, the port of Izmir on the Aegean
Sea, the ports of Gemlik, Istanbul and Izmit in the Marmara region and the ports of
Samsun and Trabzon on the Black Sea. The main channel formed by the Bosporus and
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Dardanelles links the Black Sea to the Mediterranean and is one of the most important
water connections in the world. The two bridges crossing the Bosporus are the longest
highway suspension bridges in the world and they connect Asia and Europe.
THE CLIMATE
Meteorology Institute of
A snowy day
Turkey
Turkey is a big country of a varied topography and so it has many climatic zones. While
in Eastern Anatolia you ski down the slopes, others ski on water along the Mediterranean
coast. In some provinces the temperature difference over 24 hours can be as much as 20
degrees Centigrade (68 degrees Fahrenheit).
The Aegean and Mediterranean coastal regions have cool, rainy winters and hot,
moderately dry summers, with annual precipitation ranging from 580 millimeters (23
inches) to 1,300 millimeters (52 inches). Summer begins in May and ends in mid
September. July and August are the hottest months with temperatures around 29°C (84°
Fahrenheit).
The Black Sea region has a moderate climate; summers are warm and winters are mild
and the temperature range is cooler than the other coastal regions. This region has the
heaviest rainfall in Turkey, averaging 1,400 millimeters (56 inches) per year. The
swimming season in the Black Sea region is from June to early September.
Because it is blocked from the sea by Turkey’s mountain ranges, the Anatolian Plateau
has a severe continental climate, with extreme cold in the winter (reaching –40º C (-
40ºF)) and extreme heat in summer (reaching 42°C (107ºF)). There is very sparse rainfall
in summer, but snowfall in winter is heavy. Annual precipitation averages 400
millimeters (16 inches). The eastern highlands have hot, dry summers and very cold
winters with heavy snowfall.
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POPULATION
The estimated 2004 population of Turkey was 68,894,000 with a population density of
89.4 people per square kilometer (230 people per square mile). The growth rate, which
has decreased sharply in recent decades, was about 1.1 percent per year. In 2000, 65% of
the population was classified as urban and the rate is expected to continue for the
foreseeable future. Around a quarter of the population is concentrated in the northwest
Marmara region. The southeast region, which accounts for about 10% of the population,
is the fastest growing.
Approximately 80% of the population is ethnically Turkish, and an estimated 17% are
Kurdish, mainly concentrated in the southeast. Smaller minority groups include Arabs,
Armenians, Greeks, Jews and Converts. The official language is Turkish. Minority
languages such as Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian and Greek are also in use.
Life expectancy for males is 69.7 years, and for females 74.6 years. In 2003, Turkey’s
overall literacy rate was 86.5%, but it was only 78.7% for females. Eight years of primary
education are mandatory for both boys and girls between the ages of 6 and 14. In 2001,
the enrollment of male students of those ages was nearly 100 percent. Female enrollment
was substantially lower in some rural areas. Three or more years of secondary education
are available in general, open, and vocational high schools. Below university level, about
95% of students attend public schools. However, the public system is inadequate and
therefore middle-class parents increasingly seek private education. In 2001, some 1,273
institutions of higher education that accept students by a national exam were in operation.
This limited university attendance to about 18 percent of the population in 2002.
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HISTORY
Turkey's first known human inhabitants appeared in the Mediterranean region as early as
7500 BC, and the cycles of empire building, flexing, flailing and crumbling didn't take
long to kick in. The first great civilization was that of the Hittites, who worshipped a sun
goddess and a storm god. The Hittites dominated Anatolia from the Middle Bronze Age
(1900-1600 BC). But by the time Achaean Greeks attacked Troy in 1250 BC the Hittite
machine was creaking. In about 1200 BC, the Phrygians overthrew the Hittites in western
Anatolia and ruled until the seventh century BC. A Lydian kingdom, which in turn was
conquered by the Persians in 546 BC replaced the Phrygians. The Persians were booted
out by Alexander the Great, who conquered the entire Middle East from Greece to India
around 330 BC. After Alexander's death, civil war was the norm until the Galatians
(Celts) established a capital at Ankara in 279 BC, bedding down comfortably with the
Seleucid, Pontic, Pergamum and Armenian kingdoms.
Roman rule brought relative peace and prosperity for almost three centuries, providing
perfect conditions for the spread of Christianity. The Roman Empire weakened from
around 250 AD until Constantine reunited it in 324. He oversaw the building of a new
capital, the great city that came to be called Constantinople. The armies of Islam were
threatening the walls of Constantinople (669-78), having conquered from there to Mecca,
Persia and Egypt. But the Great Seljuk Turkish Empire of the 11th century was the first
to rule what are now Turkey, Iran and Iraq. The Seljuk were shaken by the Crusades and
overrun by Mongol hordes, but they hung onto power until the vigorous, ambitious
Ottomans came along.
The Ottoman Empire began as the banding together of late 13th century Turkish warriors
fleeing the Mongols. By 1453 the Ottomans under Mehmet the Conqueror were strong
enough to take Constantinople. Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent (1520-66) oversaw the
apogee of the empire: beautifying Constantinople, rebuilding Jerusalem and expanding
the Ottoman to the gates of Vienna. But few of the sultans succeeding Süleyman were
capable of great rule and the Ottoman Empire's long, celebrated decline had begun by
1585. By the 19th century, decay and misrule made ethnic nationalism very appealing.
The subject peoples of the Ottoman Empire revolted, often with the direct encouragement
and assistance of European powers. After bitter fighting in 1832, the Kingdom of Greece
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was formed; the Serbs, Bulgarians, Romanians, Albanians, Armenians and Arabs would
all seek independence soon after.
The European powers hovered to disintegrate the empire while Turkey’s unfortunate
decision to side with Germany in WWI quickened the process. In 1918, the empire was
under total invasion. At this point Ottoman general Mustafa Kemal began to organize
resistance, sure that a new government must seize the fate of Turkey for the Turkish
people. The War of Independence lasted 1920-22, ending in a bitterly won Turkish
victory and the abolition of the sultanate. Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk or Father Turk)
undertook the job of completely remaking Turkish society. By the time he died in 1938, a
constitution had been adopted, polygamy abolished. Islam was removed as the state
religion; women obtained the right to vote. Atatürk remains a true hero in Turkey: his
statue is everywhere and there are laws against defaming or insulting him.
Turkey stayed neutral in WWII, and then went through the transition to a true democracy.
The opposition Democratic Party won the election in 1950. In 1960 and 1980 political
infighting and civil unrest brought the country to a halt. The military stepped in and
suspended democracy for short periods, to general relief, but at the price of strict control
and some human rights abuses. After the resumption of the democracy in 1983, Turkey
followed open market strategies and aimed at becoming a European member, which it
applied for in 1990s.
RELIGION
Turkey has been home for centuries to all three great revealed religions – Judaism,
Christianity, and Islam.
Ninety-nine percent of Turkey's people today are Muslim, but Istanbul is also the historic
seat of the Ecumenical Orthodox Patriarchate and still has a number of active Orthodox
Christian churches. The Roman Catholic Church maintains some churches and activities.
There are also small groups of Protestants. The Assyrian Orthodox Church, headed by a
patriarch resident in Damascus, Syria, has some active churches and monasteries in
southeastern Turkey.
Turkey has a small minority of Jews who trace their antecedents to the influx of
Sephardim from Spain and Portugal in the late 15th century. Driven out of their
homelands by the Spanish Inquisition, they found refuge and prosperity in the Ottoman
Empire. Under the Ottoman Empire, each religious community was autonomous in
domestic affairs and could apply its own religious law in its own courts.
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With the coming of ethnic-religious nationalism in the 19th century, this multi-
confessional Ottoman modus vivendi was destroyed. The Ottoman system broke down to
be replaced by more or less homogeneous ethnic-religious nation states such as Armenia,
Bulgaria, Greece and Israel. By the end of the 20th century, many non-Muslim Turkish
citizens had emigrated to these or other countries, leaving only small minorities where
there once had been large, thriving communities.
Because the Turkish Republic is a staunchly secular state, the government supervises all
religious activities. Citizens are free to worship as they wish, but proselytization is not
permitted. The heads of the major religious communities—the Chief Mufti, the Chief
Rabbi and the Ecumenical Orthodox Patriarch—are officially government employees.
Pious endowments (vakif, wakf) are administered by the government, as is all religious
real property. Wearing religious garb is permitted in places of worship but prohibited in
public areas.
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CULTURE & CUSTOMS
With its deep history and large ethnic mosaic, Turkey is a culturally rich country. The
languages, religions, art, literature, and traditions of various indigenous and migrating
cultures in this "melting pot" of history resulted in the broad cultural spectrum of modern
Turkey. There is no aspect of modern culture that cannot be connected to the history of
Anatolia. Literally described, Anatolia is one of the best locations in the world to offer a
good understanding of the concept of cultural transition.
Marriage
Although modern marriages are more common in big cities, especially between partners
with higher education, the traditional arranged marriages remain the norm in the rural
areas.
2. Promise stage - the period starts with the approval of the family and lasts until
engagement.
4. Wedding ceremony - The couple receives a lot of gold gifts and money that the bride
wears in the party after the official ceremony. The official marriage is in front of the
notary. The couple might have a religious ceremony with a religious party if they wish.
Polygamy is very rare, prohibited by law and isn’t approved by the society. When a child
is born or is circumcised, relatives and friends hang a gold coin with a red bow on the
child.
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Funerals
Many different rituals regarding death and burial have been applied in Anatolia
throughout the ages. Types of graves have differed from wooden rooms to chamber-like
graves.
Although it is difficult, death is considered a natural aspect of life. When someone dies,
the burial has to take place as soon as possible during the daytime. If it is already late
afternoon, the burial can take place the next morning. The death is declared from a
mosque minaret by the clerk, together with words from Koran, the name, funeral place
and time. Cremation is not allowed.
According to religious belief, if someone is buried without an ablution, they are not
allowed to enter heaven. Therefore the body has to be washed by authorized people, and
always men by men, women by women. The corpse is dressed in a white shroud, put in
wooden coffin covered with a green piece of cloth. The coffin is carried on people's
shoulders to a table in the courtyard outside of a mosque before prayers. While the coffin
rests guarded, people perform their regular prayers. As a last ritual, the Imam asks people
what they thought of the deceased. The answers are always positive.
Many people in Turkey believe in luck and fortune. Some traditions include evil eye
(nazar bonjouk), fortune telling with cards, reading palms and coffee cups.
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The evil eye was traditionally a protection from the foreigners with blue eyes, but it is
more of a good luck charm now. People believe that if they have something which
another person might want, the envious person would put a curse on the thing be it a
possession, a cow, a child, etc. It is possible to see evil eyes everywhere, pinned onto
babies for “good luck” or rather to protect them from evil thoughts. They are hanged on
buildings, cars, people, etc.
Cuisine
Turkish cuisine is considered to be one of the three main cuisines of the world due to its
variety of recipes and its distinctive tastes. Olive oil is one of the most frequently used
ingredients. Dolma, which is a general name for olive oil based vegetables such as
eggplant, vine leaves, green peppers, and tomatoes, is stuffed with rice and spices and
served cold. Green beans, leeks and artichokes cooked in olive oil are served as main side
dishes. Cheese is a popular menu staple especially at breakfast.
Raki is the main alcoholic drink of Turkey. It is made from grapes, figs and anise and is
best when consumed along side a leisurely meal of mezes (appetizers). Börek is a flaky
Turkish pastry stuffed with cheese, vegetables or meat. The most well-known sweets
associated with Turkish cuisine are Turkish Delight and "baklava" which are typical
desserts eaten after meals.
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THE LANGUAGE
The Turks were one of many linguistic and ethnic groups within the Ottoman Empire.
The Ottoman Turkish dialect was a mixture of Arabic, Persian, and Turkish. Arabic was
the primary language of religion and religious law while Persian was the language of art,
literature and diplomacy. Ottoman Turkish borrowed vocabulary words as well as entire
expressions and syntactic structures from Arabic and Persian. Pure Turkish was used
primarily by the lower class and illiterate, it was generally not used in writing. Ottoman
Turkish, on the other hand, was the language of the educated elite, in both written and
oral communications.
When Mustafa Kemal Ataturk came to power in 1923, he instituted sweeping reforms in
Turkey. One of these reforms dealt with language. The goal was to introduce a language
more Turkish, modern, practical, precise, and easier to learn than the old language. The
two basic elements of this language reform were the adoption of a new alphabet and the
purification of the language.
The new alphabet represents the Turkish vowels and consonants more clearly that does
the old alphabet.
Composed of Latin letters and a few additional variants including ç (as in church), ş (as
in shell), and ü (as in few), it contains one symbol for each sound of standard Turkish.
Guide to Pronunciation
Pronunciation of Turkish words is phonetic with all letters having the same value in every
situation. The Turkish alphabet contains all the letters of the English alphabet except for
q, x, and w. In general, most letters are pronounced about the same as in English with a
few exceptions.
The stress on Turkish words is more pronounced than in English. It usually falls on the
last syllable, although many people argue it is the first syllable. Names of places are the
exceptions where stress can be on any syllable, such as Istanbul, Marmaris, and Izmir.
Most letters in Turkish have pronunciations familiar to English speakers, but there are a
few notable exceptions.
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The three iron rules of Turkish pronunciation:
3. Two or more letters are never combined to make a new or different sound (i.e., a
diphthong). (See Rules 1 and 2 above.)
Pronunciation Guide:
Ğ, ğ - a 'g' with a little curved line over it: not pronounced; lengthens preceding vowel
slightly; you can safely ignore it—just don't pronounce it! (This is the only exception to
Rule 1)
H, h never silent, always unvoiced, as in `half' and 'high'; remember, there are NO silent
'h's in Turkish!
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Ş, ş - [s-cedilla] 'sh' as in 'show' and 'should'
X, x as in English; found only in foreign words; Turkish words use 'ks' instead
English speakers are so used to the weirdness of English 'silent' letters, 'understood'
sounds, diphthongs such as 'ch' and 'sh,' and even 'silent diphthongs such as 'gh' (as in
'through'), that they make the mistake of looking for diphthongs in Turkish, where they
don't exist.
For example, the name Mithat is pronounced meet-HOT, not like the English word
`methought'. That 'th' in the middle is NOT a diphthong!
Also odd is the Turkish 'c', which is pronounced just like English 'j'. Cem in Turkish is
pronounced just like English gem (as in gemstone). Can in Turkish is pronounced just
like English John.
The odd soft-g is not pronounced at all, though it lengthens the preceding vowel slightly.
So tura is pronounced 'toora,' but tugra is 'tooora'. (Though tura and tugra sound almost
the same, they are words for very different things: the first is a drumstick, the second is
the sultan's monogram!)
Don't worry, though. You'll probably be fine if you simply ignore the soft-g. Act as
though it weren't there. Whatever you do, DON'T pronounce it as though it were a real
'g'.
Also note that 'h' is pronounced as an unvoiced aspiration (like the first sound in 'have' or
'heart', the sound a Cockney drops). You'll have to get used to pronouncing it whenever
you see it, whether it's at the beginning of a word, in the middle, or at the end. Always
pronounce an 'h'!
In English, a terminal 'h' (ie, an 'h' at the end of a word) is rarely pronounced, it's usually
'silent'. But in Turkish 'h' is ALWAYS pronounced. Your Turkish friend Ahmet's name is
pronounced ahhh-MEHT not 'aa-meht'. The word rehber, 'guide', is not 're-ber' but 'rehh-
BEHR'.
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Lesson 1
People and Geography
İnsanlar ve Coğrafya
PEOPLE
1. Listen to these simple greetings and phrases in Turkey and repeat them after the speaker.
Merhaba is the most common greeting in Turkish. You can use it any time of the day.
2. Exchange greetings with your teacher and your partner. What would you say at 7am, at 10am, at 2pm,
at 5pm, and at 10pm?
3. Familiarize yourself with personal pronouns. Listen to the audio and repeat after the speaker.
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4. Listen to the following dialogues and repeat after the speaker. Read the dialogues in pairs.
Informal Samimi
Sibel : Hi, Hülya. Sibel : Selam, Hülya.
Hülya: Hi! Hülya: Selam!
Sibel : How are you? Sibel : Nasılsın?
Hülya: Good. And you? Hülya: İyiyim. Ya sen?
Sibel : Good! Sibel : İyi!
Hülya: Bye! Hülya : Hoşçakal!
5. Using the dialogues above as a model, compose your own similar dialogues. Work in pairs or in
small groups.
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In English we say: In Turkish we say:
In English the present simple form of the verb ‘to be’ changes to am/is/are each time the subject of the sentence
changes. In Turkish we add different suffixes to the end of nouns, verbs or adjectives instead.
In Turkish there is only one word for third person singular pronouns (He/She/It): ‘O’
There is no gender distinction in Turkish grammar. For male and female we use the subject pronoun ‘O’
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6. Listen to the following sentences and repeat after the speaker.
1. I am Turkish.
I am from Turkey.
Ben Türküm.
Ben Türkiye’liyim.
2. He is Turkish.
He is from Turkey.
O Türk.
O Türk iye’li.
3. She is Turkish.
She is from Ankara.
O Türk.
O Ankara’lı.
4. We are Turkish.
We are from Ankara.
Biz Türküz.
Biz Ankara’lıyız.
5. You (Plural) are Turkish.
You are from Ankara.
Siz Türksünüz.
Siz Ankara’lısınız.
5. They are Turkish.
They are from Ankara.
Onlar Türkler.
Onlar Ankara’lılar.
7. Pretend you and your classmates are from Turkey. Introduce yourself and your classmates to your
friend in Turkish. Use the model below.
Model:
Ben Türküm. Antalya’lıyım. Deniz Türk. O İzmir’li. Mehmet ve Sibel Türkler. Onlar Bursa’lılar.
In Turkish, questions may start with question words or with subject pronouns depending on who starts the
conversation. If you are the one who starts the conversation and asks someone where he/she is from you can just
start the question with the question word Nereli- (From Where). Add the related ending for different subject
pronouns.
Singular Plural
Nereli-yim?(I) Nereli-yiz? (We)
Nereli-sin?(You /Informal) Nereli-siniz?(Formal) Nereli-siniz? (You)
Nereli- ? (S/he) Nereli-ler? (They)
If someone has already asked you where you are from and if you want to ask where that person is from then you
usually start the question with the subject pronoun Siz (You) and keep the rest of the question the same as
above.
In this case you are stressing the element that you want to have information about.
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English : ‘And where are you from?’
Turkish : Siz nerelisiniz?
There is a stress on the word ‘Siz’.
8. Listen to the following dialogues in Turkish. Repeat after the speaker. Follow along in your
workbook.
Sometimes to answer questions we use a short answer such as just Yes or No.
For example: The short answer to the question ‘İstanbul’lu musun?’ (Are you from Istanbul?) is either Evet or
Hayır (Yes or No).
The full answer is: Evet, ben İstanbul’luyum. (Yes, I am from Istanbul.)
or Hayır, ben İstanbul’lu değilim. (No, I am not from İstanbul.)
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Sometimes we use some other words when we answer some Yes / No questions. We can say that they function
as alternative short forms.
We can understand from the endings of the words oralı- (from there), değil- (not) who is from somewhere or
who is not from there.
Following is the set of the word endings we use with the word ‘oralı’ to point out how word endings help us
identify the subject pronoun in any word, phrase or sentence in Turkish.
oralı-yım (I am from there.) oralı değil-im (I am not from there.)
oralı-sın (You are from there.) oralı değil-sin (You are not from there.)
oralı-… (S/he is from there.) oralı değil-… (S/he is not from there.)
oralı-yız (We are from there.) oralı değil-iz (We are not from there.)
oralı-sınız (You (plural) are from there.) oralı değil-siniz (You are not from there.)
oralı-lar (They are from there.) oralı değil-ler (They are not from there.)
Are you from (İsparta)? Yes, you are. No, you are not.
Sen(İsparta)’lı mısın? Evet, (oralısın). Hayır, (oralı) değilsin.
Are they from Van? Yes, they are. No, they are not.
Onlar(Van)’lı mı? Evet, (oralılar). Hayır, (oralı) değiller.
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3. A. Is Gökhan from Turkey? Gökhan Türkiye’li mi?
B. Yes, he is. Evet, (oralı).
4. A. Are Ali and Canan from Aydın? Ali ve Canan Aydın’lı mı?
B. Yes, they are. Evet, (oralılar).
The most common titles used in Turkey are Bey (for men) and Hanım (for women).
We use these titles after people’s first names not after people’s last names.
People working at the same school, company, office, etc., usually call each other using these titles.
You should use these titles especially with people who are older than you.
In Turkish there are formal and informal introductions. Formal introductions are more common in big cities and
especially among people who have professions.
Formal Introductions:
Introducing yourself to somebody and asking his/her name:
A. Merhaba, adım Tunç. Sizin adınız ne? (Hello, my name is Tunç. What’s your name?)
B. Benim adım Mert. (My name is Mert.)
A. Memnun oldum Mert Bey. (Nice to meet you Mert.)
B. Ben de memnun oldum. (Nice to meet you too.)
Informal Introductions:
Especially when introducing yourself to somebody of your age or younger and asking his/her name:
A. Merhaba, benim adım Kerem. Senin adın ne? (Hello, my name is Kerem. What’s your name?)
B. Benim adım Sinan.(My name is Sinan.)
A. Memnun oldum Sinan. (Nice to meet you Sinan.)
B. Ben de memnun oldum Kerem. (Nice to meet you too.)
Formal
What is your name? Adınız ne? What is your name? Sizin adınız ne?
My name is Can. Benim adım Can. My name is Alper Benim adım Alper
Karabulut. Karabulut.
Although Turkish has equivalent possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns as in English, most of the time
they are omitted as the person is already expressed by the suffixes in the nouns, adjectives and verbs.
Notice that in the examples below each time both Turkish forms are presented. The first form is usually used
when there is an emphasis on the possessive pronouns.
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Examples:
Turkish English
Benim adım Gül. My name is Gül.
Or Adım Gül.
The use of possessive pronouns in Turkish is similar to the use of possessive pronouns in English.
Example:
What is her name? Onun adı ne? What is his name? Onun adı ne?
Her name is Derya. Onun adı Derya. His name is Umut Onun adı Umut.
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11. Listen to the following dialogue and repeat after the speaker.
A. Good morning!
Günaydın!
B. Good morning!
Günaydın!
A. My name is Mesut.
What is your name?
Benim adım Mesut.
Sizin adınız ne?
B. My name is Ayşe.
Benim adım Ayşe.
A. Nice to meet you, Ayşe.
Memnun oldum, Ayşe.
B. Nice to meet you, Mesut.
Memnun oldum, Mesut.
12. Work in pairs or in small groups. Look at the pictures and make up similar dialogues.
In Turkish we add –mek or –mak to the base form of the verb to make the infinitive forms of the verbs.
Whether a verb takes –mek or –mak depends on the last vowel of the base form of the verb.
There are two main groups of vowels in Turkish: short vowels ( e, i, ö, ü)
long vowels (a, ı, o, u)
If the the vowel in the base form of the verb is a long vowel the ending will be –mak.
If the vowel in the base form of the verb is a short vowel the ending will be –mek.
For example: The base form for the verb ‘yaşamak’ is yaşa- As the last vowel is a long vowel (a), the ending
will be –mak.
Another example:
The base form of the verb ‘görmek’ is gör-.
We know that the last vowel is a short vowel (ö), thus the ending will be –mek.
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Question: Soru:
13. Listen to the following statements and repeat after the speaker.
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We live in Istanbul. They live in Mersin.
Biz İstanbul’da yaşıyoruz. Onlar Mersin’de yaşıyorlar.
14. Read the following sentences. Translate them into English. Check your translation with the
answer key.
15. Listen to the following dialogue and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in your workbook.
Make up a similar dialogue. Work in pairs or in small groups.
A. Hello. Merhaba.
B. Hello. Merhaba.
A. My name is Ayşe. Benim adım Ayşe.
What is your name? Senin adın ne?
B. My name is Bora. Benim adım Bora.
A. Nice to meet you, Bora. Tanıştığımıza memnun oldum Bora.
B. Nice to meet you, Ayşe. Ben de memnun oldum Ayşe.
A. I live in İzmir. Where do you live? Ben İzmir’de yaşıyorum. Sen nerede yaşıyorsun?
B. I live in Mersin. Ben Mersin’de yaşıyorum.
16. Imagine that you are new to the class. Ask your partner about the rest of the students (their names
and where they live). Use the model below. Work in pairs or in small groups.
Model
A. Onun adı ne?
B. Onun adı Onur.
A. O nerede yaşıyor?
B. O Adana’da yaşıyor.
24
17. What is the question? Read the answers below and reproduce the questions in Turkish. Check the
answer key for some examples.
1. ____________________________?
Hayır, oralı değilim. Ben İstanbul’luyum.
2. ____________________________?
Evet, ben Samsun’da yaşıyorum.
3. ____________________________?
Evet, o Zonguldak’lı.
4. ____________________________?
Evet, o Van’da yaşıyor.
5. ____________________________?
Hayır, o oralı değil. O Bursalı.
6. ____________________________?
Evet, benim adım Nur.
7. ____________________________?
Hayır, o Mustafa Bey değil.
8. ____________________________?
Evet, ben Urfa’lıyım.
25
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Read the following sentences and translate them from English into Turkish.
2. Pretend that you are at a party. Introduce yourself to other people and ask them their names,
where they are from, and where they live. Work in pairs or in small groups. Use the model below.
Model:
26
Vocabulary List
Hello Merhaba
Hi Selam
Good morning Günaydın
Good evening İyi akşamlar
Good night İyi geceler
Good-bye Hoşçakal
How are you? Nasılsın?
Fine/ very well İyi / Çok iyi
Thank you Teşekkür ederim
You are welcome Birşey değil
Nice to meet you. Memnun oldum.
My name is … Benim adım…
I Ben
He O
She O
You Siz(formal) Sen(informal)
We Biz
You (plural) Siz(çoğul)
They Onlar
To live in …de/da yaşamak
No Hayır
Yes Evet
To be (bir durumda) bulunmak, olmak
In English it is: am/is/are
In Turkish it is formed by adding
endings to the nouns, verbs or
adjectives
Example:
I am a student. Ben öğrenciyim.
She is a student. O öğrenci.
We are students. Biz ögrenciyiz.
They are students. Onlar öğrenciler.
To be from …lı/li/lu/lü olmak
I am from Ankara. Ben Ankaralıyım.
We are from İzmir. Biz İzmir’liyiz.
They are from İskenderun. Onlar İskenderun’lular.
Where are you from? (Sen) nerelisin?
What is your name? (Senin) adın ne?
Where do you live? (Sen) nerede yaşıyorsun?
Mine Benimki
Yours Seninki
His Onunki
Hers Onunki
Ours Bizimki
Yours Sizinki
Theirs Onlarınki
27
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 14.
17. Your questions should be similar in grammatical form to those below although some city and people
names may be different.
28
Lesson 2
Living and Working
Yaşam ve Çalışma
In Turkey the majority of the population lives in big cities in apartments. There are several reasons for this.
First, people prefer residential areas which are closer to the city and have facilities such as green parks, security
guards, convenient location near city facilities and services, etc. Second, houses are usually more expensive
compared to apartments. The price of an apartment varies depending on the amenities. Today, most modern
apartments have two or three bedrooms, a living room, a kitchen, a full bathroom and an eastern toilet. Also,
most apartments have at least one or two balconies.
A lot of Turkish people work at paid jobs while many others have their own small businesses, such as
restaurants, cafes or workshops.
In big cities most people use public transportation. Buses are the most commonly used form of public
transportation. Taxis are another option for getting around cities.
1. Look at the pictures below and listen to the words. Repeat the words after the speaker.
29
2. Match the Turkish words on the left with their English equivalents on the right. Replay the audio
from the previous section if necessary.
Çadır Hotel
Oda Tent
Müstakil Ev Barracks
Apartman House
Kışla Apartment
3. Read the following sentences and translate them into English. Check your work with the answer key.
4. Listen to the following dialogues and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in your workbook.
Then, make up similar dialogues. Work in pairs or in small groups.
1. A. I live in a big house. Where do you live? B. I live in a tent in a military camp.
Ben büyük müstakil bir evde yaşıyorum. Siz nerede Ben askeri kampta bir çadırda
yaşıyorsunuz? yaşıyorum.
2. A. Mesut lives in the hotel. Where does Ayla live? B. Ayla lives in an apartment building.
Mesut bir otelde yaşıyor. Ayla nerede yaşıyor? Ayla bir apartmanda yaşıyor.
3. A. We live in the barracks. Where do Mesut and Ayla B. They live in the military camp.
live? Onlar askeri bir kampta yaşıyorlar.
Biz kışlada yaşıyoruz. Mesut ve ayla nerede
yaşıyorlar?
30
In English when we express location we use prepositions (at, in, on, etc.). In Turkish, we add certain suffixes
(-de / -da / -ta / -te) to nouns to express location.
Use the suffix -de with nouns that end with a front vowel (e, i, ö, ü) and use the suffix -da with nouns that
end with a back vowel (a, ı, o, u).
InIfEnglish
the noun endswe
when with one of
express these consonants:
location, -f, -s, -t, -k, -ç,
we use prepositions(at, in,-ş, -h, -p:
on…). In Turkish, we add certain suffixes (-de
Use the suffix –te with the
/-da) to the nouns to express location. words ending with a front vowel.
Use the Usesuffix –ta with
the suffix -dethe words
with endingend
the nouns with a back
with vowel.
a front vowel (e, i, ö, ü) and, use the suffix -da with
Examples: the nouns end with a back vowel(a, ı, o, u).
Noun If the noun ends with oneSuffix Suffixed-f,word
of these consonants: -s, -t, -k, -ç, -ş, -h, -p
Ev (house) Use suffix –te with the words -de ending with Evde (At home)
a front vowel.
Şehir (city) Use suffix –ta with the words -de ending with Şehirde
a back(Invowel.
the city)
Çadır (tent) Examples: -da Çadırda (In a tent)
Apartman (apartment
Noun building) -da Apartmanda (In
Suffix an apartment
Suffixed word building)
Sınıf (classroom)
Ev (house) -ta sınıfta (In theEvde
- de classroom)
(At home)
Otobüs (bus) Şehir (city) -te otobüste
-de (In the bus) (In the city)
Şehirde
Çadır (tent) -da Çadırda (In a tent)
Also, use an apostrophe when you add
Apartman (apartment building)a suffix to a proper
-da noun. Apartmanda (In an apartment building)
Example: İstanbul’da (In Istanbul), Ankara’da (In Ankara), İzmir’de (In İzmir), etc.
To build a choice question in the pattern (… or …?), we use the pattern -mı yoksa ...-mı …?
Kışlada mı yoksa askeri kampta mı yaşıyorsunuz?
(Do you live in the barracks or in the military camp?)
Otelde mi yoksa müstakil bir evde mi yaşıyorsunuz?
5. Read the following dialogues and translate them into English. Check your translations with the
answer key. Make up similar dialogues using the words below. Work in pairs or in small groups.
31
6. Compose choice questions using the model and the words below. Check your work with the answer
key.
7. Listen to the speaker and circle the words you hear. Check your work with the answer key.
1. barracks tent
2. house apartment building
3. military camp room
4. apartment hotel
In Turkish there are suffixes that we use at the end of words that tell us to whom something belongs.
Following are the rules and a table of possessive suffixes.
According to the ‘vowel harmony’ rule in Turkish grammar, if the last vowel in a word is a front vowel (e, i, ö,
ü), we use a suffix with a front vowel. If the last vowel is a back vowel (a, ı, o, u), we use a suffix with a back
vowel. (There are exceptions with the word adapted into Turkish from other languages but we will study these
in another lesson.)
Benim bir arabam var. SUFFIXATION (Ben-im) bir (araba + m ) var. .(I have a car.)
Benim bir çadırım var. SUFFIXATION (Beni-im) bir (çadır + ım ) var. .(I have a tent.)
Actually the word ‘var’ means ‘there is’ and the structure above simply means that ‘There is (something) and
it belongs to (me/you/him/her/us/you/they).
32
The word ends The word ends Ben-im Sen-in O-nun Biz-im Siz-in Onlar-ın
with a vowel with a consonant (I have) (You have) (S/he has) (We have) (You have) ( They have)
8. Listen to the following sentences and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in your workbook.
33
9. Make up sentences using the pattern to show possession.
In Turkey many people prefer having a government job. Although most government jobs are not well paid,
people think they are more secure and stable. Lots of people work as laborers, nurses, clerks, police officers,
teachers, or doctors.
Although the country is becoming more technology-based and new jobs have been created in big cities, the
farming industry still has an important role in the Turkish economy.
10. Listen to the new vocabulary related to professions and repeat after the speaker.
Profession Meslek
Doctor Doktor
Nurse Hemşire
Laborer İşçi
Teacher Öğretmen
Student Öğrenci
Soldier Asker
Mechanic Teknisyen
Farmer Çiftçi
Police Officer Polis Memuru
Waitress / Waiter Garson
Interpreter Tercüman
11. Circle the more likely profession of the two choices under the photo.
34
Hemşire mi yoksa öğretmen mi? Police memuru mu yoksa çiftçi mi?
12. Match the Turkish words on the right with their English equivalents on the left. Check your work
with the answer key.
1. Profession A. Garson
2. Doctor B. Çiftçi
3. Nurse C. Tercüman
4. Laborer D. Meslek
5. Teacher E. Hemşire
6. Student F. Polis memuru
7. Soldier G. Doktor
8. Mechanic H. İşçi
9. Farmer I. Öğrenci
10. Police Officer J. Asker
11. Waitress K. Teknisyen
12. Interpreter L. Öğretmen
The rule to make nouns plural is quite easy. There are two main suffixes that we use to make nouns plural:
-ler / -lar
The question might be when to use which one. There is a simple rule to follow:
If the last vowel of the word is a back vowel a / ı / o /u use –lar to make the word plural.
If the last vowel of the word is a front vowel e / i /ö /ü use –ler to make the word plural.
Examples:
Meslek (Profession) Meslek-ler (Professions)
Doktor (Doctor) Doktor-lar (Doctors)
Hemşire (Nurse) Hemşire-ler (Nurses)
Garson (Waiter/Waitress) Garson-lar (Waiters/Waitresses)
35
13. Listen to the plural form of nouns related to the names of professions, and repeat after the
speaker.
Profession Professions
Meslek Meslekler
Doctor Doctors
Doktor Doktorlar
Nurse Nurses
Hemşire Hemşireler
Laborer Laborers
İşçi İşçiler
Teacher Teachers
Öğretmen Öğretmenler
Student Students
Öğrenci Öğrenciler
Soldier Soldiers
Asker Askerler
Mechanic Mechanics
Teknisyen Teknisyenler
Farmer Farmers
Çiftçi Çiftçiler
Police officer Police officers
Polis memuru Polis memurları
Waitress Waitresses
Garson Garsonlar
Interpreter Interpreters
Tercüman Tercümanlar
14. Listen to the speaker and put a circle around each word you hear. Replay the audio as many
times as you need. Check your answers with the answer key.
A. He is a mechanic / farmer.
B. They are teachers / doctors.
C. She is an interpreter / student.
D. They are police officers / soldiers.
36
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Give a brief introduction of yourself, listing your name, where you are from, where you live, and what
your occupation is in Turkish.
Model: Benim adım Ebru. Ben Türküm. Türkiye’liyim. İstanbul’da yaşıyorum. Öğretmenim. Bir apartman
dairesinde yaşıyorum.
2. Listen to the recording and circle all the professions you hear. Check your work with the answer
key.
A. 1. waitress
2. police officer
3. interpreter
B. 1. nurse
2. teacher
3. farmer
C. 1. doctor
2. nurse
3. student
3. Reproduce the questions to the following answers. Check you work with the answer key.
1. ____________________?
Benim adım Ali.
2. ____________________?
Ben Turkiye’liyim.
3. ____________________?
Evet, ben İstanbul’da yaşıyorum.
4. ____________________?
Benim bir evim yok. Apartman dairem var.
5. ____________________?
Evet, ben bir teknisyenim.
37
Vocabulary List
Apartment Apartman dairesi
Apartment building Apartman
Barracks Kışla
Military camp Askeri kamp
House Müstakil ev
Tent Çadır
Room Oda
Big Büyük
Small Küçük
Profession Meslek
Farmer Çiftçi
Doctor Doktor
Nurse Hemşire
Laborer İşçi
Teacher Öğretmen
Student Öğrenci
Soldier Asker
Mechanic Teknisyen
Waitress Garson
Interpreter Tercüman
Police officer Polis memuru
To have Sahip olmak (Ben-im/Sen-in O-
nun/ Biz-im/ Siz-in/ Onlar-ın
…var.)
38
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 3
Exercise 5
Exercise 6
Exercise 7
1. tent
2. house
3. military camp
4. hotel
Exercise 12
1. Profession D. Meslek
2. Doctor G. Doktor
3. Nurse E. Hemşire
4. Laborer H. İşçi
5. Teacher L. Öğretmen
6. Student I. Öğrenci
7. Soldier J. Asker
8. Mechanic K. Teknisyen
9. Farmer B. Çiftçi
10. Police Officer F. Polis Memuru
39
11. Waitress A. Garson
12. Interpreter C. Tercüman
Exercise 14
A. farmer çiftçi
B. teachers öğretmenler
C. interpreter tercüman
D. soldiers askerler
A. 3 tercüman interpreter
B. 2 öğretmen teacher
C. 3 öğrenci student
1. Adınız ne?
2. Nerelisiniz?
3. İstanbul’da mı yaşıyorsunuz?
4. Sizin bir eviniz mi yoksa apartman daireniz mi var?
5. Siz bir teknisyen misiniz?
40
Lesson 3
Days of the Week, Numbers, Ages of People
Haftanın Günleri, Sayılar, İnsanların Yaşları
1. Listen to the days of the week and repeat them after the speaker.
Monday Pazartesi
Tuesday Salı
Wednesday Çarşamba
Thursday Perşembe
Friday Cuma
Saturday Cumartesi
Sunday Pazar
Read the days of the week several times, practicing pronunciation. Replay the audio if
necessary.
2. Listen to the following dialogues and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in the
workbook. Role-play the dialogues using the names of the other days of the week. Work in
pairs or in small groups.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
sıfır bir iki üç dört beş altı yedi sekiz dokuz on
42
4. Practice using the numbers. Work with a partner and tell them in Turkish your home
and work telephone numbers, address numbers, etc.
6. Role-play the dialogue with a partner using exercise 5 as a model. Pretend one of you is
a receptionist who wants to know your name, your telephone number, and your house
number. Ask each other questions and use as many numbers in your answers as you can.
7. Listen to the sentences and write down the numbers you hear. Check your work
with the answer key.
Numbers 11 to 19
It is easy to say the numbers from 11 to 19 in Turkish. For example, to say 11 in Turkish we
need to add one to ten (10 + 1), to say 12 we need to add two to ten (10 + 2), to say 13 we need
to add three to ten (10 + 3) and so forth.
We always say number ten (on) first and write each number separately but do not use a dash
between numbers.
Study the following examples:
on bir (11), on iki (12), on üç (13), on dört (14)
8. Listen as the speaker says the numbers 11 to 19. Repeat after the speaker.
11 eleven 11 on bir
12 twelve 12 on iki
13 thirteen 13 on üç
14 fourteen 14 on dört
15 fifteen 15 on beş
16 sixteen 16 on altı
17 seventeen 17 on yedi
18 eighteen 18 on sekiz
19 nineteen 19 on dokuz
43
Numbers 20 to 29
The rule for making numbers 20 – 29 is same for making numbers 10 – 19.
For example, we need to add one to twenty (20 + 1) to get 21, we need to add two to twenty
(2 +20 ) to get 22 and so forth. We always say the number 20 first and write each number separately but
do not use a dash between numbers.
Actually this method is the same and applies to all numbers after the number twenty.
20 twenty 20 yirmi
21 twenty-one 21 yirmi bir
22 twenty-two 22 yirmi iki
23 twenty-three 23 yirmi üç
24 twenty-four 24 yirmi dört
25 twenty-five 25 yirmi beş
26 twenty-six 26 yirmi altı
27 twenty-seven 27 yirmi yedi
28 twenty-eight 28 yirmi sekiz
29 twenty-nine 29 yirmi dokuz
10. Read the following sentences and translate them into English. Check your work with
the answer key.
1. Benim adım Sibel. Ben İstanbul’da yaşıyorum. Garsonum. Müstakil bir evim var. Ev numaram 21.
2. Orhan bir asker. O bir apartman dairesinde yaşıyor. Onun apartman numarası 25.
3. Onun adı Sevim. O bir öğretmen. O müstakil bir evde yaşıyor. Onun ev numarası 16.
11. Listen to the speaker and write down the number you hear. Check your work
with the answer key.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
44
Once you learn the numbers 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 it is very easy to say any number
between these numbers. The rule for making numbers between 30-40, 50-60, 70-80, and 90- 100
in Turkish is the same as in English. We need to add one to thirty (30 + 1) to get 31, two to thirty
(30 +2) to get 32, three to thirty (30 + 3) to get 33 and so forth.
Unlike English, the number ‘one hundred’ doesn’t take ‘one’ in front of it, it is just ‘Hundred’
(Yüz).
12. Listen to the next set of numbers. Repeat after the speaker.
30 thirty otuz
40 forty kırk
50 fifty elli
60 sixty altmış
70 seventy yetmiş
80 eighty seksen
90 ninety doksan
100 one hundred yüz
30, 31, 40, 42, 50, 53, 60, 64, 70, 75, 80, 86, 90, 97, 100
In Turkish there are two common ways of asking about age: formal and informal.
We usually use the formal way:
-when we talk to people who are older than us,
-when we do not know the people very well,
-when we want to keep a distance between ourselves and the people we are talking to.
We usually use the informal way:
-when we talk to people we know very well,
-when we talk to people we feel close to,
-when we do not want to keep a distance between ourselves and the people we are talking to.
45
(Sen)Kaç yaşındasın? (Informal) How old are you?
(O) Kaç yaşında? How old is s/he?
Plural Subjects
(Biz) Kaç yaşındayız? How old are we?
(Siz) Kaç yaşındasınız? How old are you?
(Onlar) Kaç yaşındalar? How old are they?
Even though we don’t use the subject pronoun at the beginning of the question we know which
subject pronoun it is by looking at the suffix at the end of the question.
14. Listen to several short exchanges asking about ages. Repeat after the speaker.
15. Tell your classmates in Turkish how old you are and ask them about their age.
46
16. Listen and match the age with the name. Check you work with the answer key.
1 2 3 4 5
Selda 11
Nihat 72
Meral 52
İlkay 29
Cemil 43
47
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Listen to the following statements in Turkish. Answer all three questions for each
statement. Pause or replay the audio as necessary until you understand the relevant
information.
A. B. C.
48
Vocabulary List
Day Gün
Today Bugün
Year Yıl
Monday Pazartesi
Tuesday Salı
Wednesday Çarşamba
Thursday Perşembe
Friday Cuma
Saturday Cumartesi
Sunday Pazar
Telephone Telefon
Number Sayı
Age Yaş
Old Yaşlı
How old are you? Kaç yaşındasınız? Formal
Kaç yaşındasın? Informal
What day is it today? Bugün hangi gün?
Today is Monday. Bugün Pazartesi?
I am 25 years old. Ben yirmi beş yaşındayım.
0 zero sıfır
1 one bir
2 two iki
3 three üç
4 four dört
5 five beş
6 six altı
7 seven yedi
8 eight sekiz
9 nine dokuz
10 ten on
11 eleven on bir
12 twelve on iki
13 thirteen on üç
14 fourteen on dört
15 fifteen on beş
16 sixteen on altı
17 seventeen on yedi
18 eighteen on sekiz
19 nineteen on dokuz
20 twenty yirmi
21 twenty-one yirmi bir
22 twenty-two yirmi iki
23 twenty-three yirmi üç
24 twenty-four yirmi dört
49
25 twenty-five yirmi beş
26 twenty-six yirmi altı
27 twenty-seven yirmi yedi
28 twenty-eight yirmi sekiz
29 twenty-nine yirmi dokuz
30 thirty otuz
40 forty kırk
50 fifty elli
60 sixty altmış
70 seventy yetmiş
80 eighty seksen
90 ninety doksan
100 one hundred yüz
50
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 7
Exercise 10
1. My name is Sibel. I live in İstanbul. I am a waitress. I have a house. My house number is 21.
2. Orhan is a soldier. He lives in an apartment building. His apartment number is 25.
3. Her name is Sevim. She is a teacher. She lives in a house. Her house number is 16.
4. Bora and Ayça have a house in Antalya. Their house number is 14.
Exercise 11
A. 10
B. 12
C. 3
D. 24
E. 5
F. 16
G. 27
H. 18
I. 29
Exercise 16
51
Lesson 4
Daily Activities
Günlük Aktiviteler
var T geçiyor
(to) (past)
If the word (numerical) ends with a vowel we add –ye or –ya to the numerical.
Example: ● Saat ikiye yirmi var. (It’s twenty to two.)
● Saat altıya (çeyrek) var. (It’s a quarter to six.)
To say ‘It’s (x) past (y), we say Saat (y)i (x) geçiyor.
Look at the following examples how we use the suffixes for these structures.
Saat biri beş geçiyor. (It’s five past one.)
Saat ikiyi on geçiyor. (It’s ten past two.)
Saat üçü / dokuzu çeyrek geçiyor. (It’s quarter past three /nine.)
Saat altıyı / yediyi çeyrek geçiyor. (It’s quarter past six /seven.)
Saat onu yirmi geçiyor. (It’s twenty past ten.)
52
Remember the ‘vowel harmony’ rule.
Although the structures above are the most common way of telling time in Turkish, it is
becoming very common to tell the time as it is written in numeric form.
Examples:
5:10 Saat beş on. (It’s five ten.)
3:30 Saat üç otuz. (It’s three thirty.)
10:45 Saat on kırkbeş. (It’s ten forty-five.)
1. Listen as the speaker tells time in Turkish. Repeat after the speaker.
What time is it? It is four o’clock. What time is it? It is four fifteen.
Saat kaç? Saat dört. Saat kaç? Saat dört on beş.
What time is it? It is four thirty. What time is it? It is four forty-five.
Saat kaç? Saat dört otuz. Saat kaç? Saat dört kırk beş.
What time is it? It is three twenty. What time is it? It is three forty.
Saat kaç? Saat üç yirmi. Saat kaç? Saat üç kırk.
53
2. What time is it? Fill in the clock faces with the correct times according to how they are
listed in Turkish below.
A. B. C. D.
E. F. G.
3. Listen to the following exchanges and identify the clock time mentioned in each.
Check your work with the answer key.
A. 8:15 - 9:00
B. 9:50 - 9:15
C. 5:10 - 8:50
D. 4:13 - 4:30
E. 7: 50 - 7:10
54
4. Compose dialogues according to the model below. Work in pairs or in small groups.
Use the times listed below.
8:00 am, 7:15 am, 10:30 am, 2:10 pm, 4:45 pm, 6:50 pm, 12:00, 11:05
To get the infinitive forms of the verbs in Turkish we add the suffixes -mek / -mak to the end of the
verbs. We have to follow the ‘vowel harmony’ rule. If the root of the verb ends with a front vowel (e, i, ö,
ü) we add -mek to the verb. If the root of the verb ends with a back vowel
(a, ı, o, u) then we add -mak to the verb.
Examples:
Fiil kökü (Verb root) + mek / mak
Gitmek (To go)
Oyna-mak (To play)
(Bir işte) Çalışmak (To work (somewhere))
(Ders) Çalışmak (To study)
Yemek (To eat)
İzlemek (To watch)
Okumak (To read)
Kalkmak (To get up)
Examples:
Infinitive(Mastar) Verb Root(Fiil Kökü) Simple Present Form
yemek (to eat) ye (eat) ye-r-im / ye-r-sin / ye-r (I / You / He / She eat(s))
ye-r-iz / ye-r-siniz / ye-r-ler (we / you / they eat)
izlemek (to watch) izle (watch) izle-r-im / izle-r-sin /izle-r (I / You / He/ She/ eat(s))
izle-r-iz / izle-r-siniz / izle-r-ler (We/ You /They eat)
● If the root of the verb ends with a consonant, add one of the following to the root of the verb and then
the personal suffix:
-ar, -er, -ır, -ir, -ur, -ür
Examples:
Infinitive(Mastar) Verb Root(Fiil Kökü) Simple Present Form
(ders) çalışmak çalış (study) çalış-ır-ım/çalış-ır-sın/çalış-ır (I/You/S/he
(to study) çalış-ır-ız/çalış-ır-sınız/çalış-ır-lar We/You/They
study/studies)
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Kalkmak kalk kalk-ar-ım/kalk-ar-sın/kalkar/ (I/You/S/he
(to get up) (get up) kalk-ar-ız/kalk-ar-sınız /kalk-ar-lar We/You/They
get(s) up)
● The following single syllable verbs are exceptions to the above suffixation rules. While all other single
syllable verbs takes the suffixes –ar or –er, the following 12 verbs take the suffixes
-ır, -ir, -ur, or, -ür.
● Also, the following are 5 verbs that soften their final ‘-t’ to ‘-d’ when forming Simple Present Tense:
Infinitive(Mastar) Verb Root(Fiil Kökü) Simple Present Form
gitmek(to go) git (go) gid-er-im / gid-er-sin/gid-er (I/You/S/he go(es))
gid-er-iz/ gid-er-siniz/gid-er-ler (I/You/S/he go)
The other 4 verbs are: etmek (to do), tatmak (to taste), ditmek (to shred)and gütmek (to herd).
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5. Listen to the short statements that describe each activity in the pictures below.
Repeat after the speaker. Pay attention to new verbs and other new vocabulary.
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Adam bir kitap okur. Kadın televizyon izler.
The man reads a book. The woman watches television.
In Turkish we use the prepositions ‘-de / -da’ (or –te, -ta) to express location and time.
Examples:
Location: Evde (At home) Okulda (At school) Otobüste (In the bus)
Ankara’da (In Ankara) Uçakta (In the plane) İşte (At work)
Time: Eylülde (In September) Saat 10’da (At 10:00 o’clock) Dolapta (In the cabinet)
BUT
Pazar günü Pazatesi günü Salı günü
(On Sunday) (On Monday) (On Tuesday)
When we are talking about a particular day of the week, we add the suffix –ü to the and of gün (day).
This rule is valid for all days of the week. Although Turkish doesn’t have a definite article (the), the suffix –ü
functions as a definite article.
The prepositions -e /-a (or -ye /-ya*) are used to express direction.
Example :
Direction : Eve Otobüse Okula
(To the house) (To the bus) (To the school)
● As a general rule two vowels do not occur one after the other in the same word.
That is why the buffer letter -y is used when the word ends in a vowel.
● The buffer letter -y is only used with simple nouns which have not already been suffixed.
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6. Listen to the following statements in Turkish and repeat after the speaker. Follow
along in the workbook. Replay the audio if necessary.
A. The boy goes to school at 7:30. Çocuk saat yedi otuzda okula gider.
B. The man eats breakfast at seven o’clock. Adam kahvaltısını saat yedide yapar.
C. The woman watches television in the evening. Kadın akşam televizyon izler.
D. The girl studies at home in the afternoon. Kız öğleden sonra evde ders çalışır.
E. Zeynep goes to the market in the morning. Zeynep sabah markete gider.
F. Selçuk plays soccer on Friday. Selçuk Cuma günü futbol oynar.
G. I get up at 7:00. Ben saat yedide kalkarım.
7. Match the following sentences with the pictures below. Check your answers with the
answer key.
A #______________ B #_______________
C #____________ D #_________________
8. Read the following text and answer the questions below in complete sentences in
Turkish. If you have any difficulty you may go to the answer key to check the text or the
questions in English. Check your answers to the questions with the answer key.
Baran bir öğrenci. O okulda ders çalışır. Hergün saat yedi on beşte kalkar. Saat yedi otuzda
kahvaltısını yapar. Saat sekizde okula gider. Okuldan sonra basketbol oynar. Akşam kitap okur
ve televizyon izler. Baran Cumartesi ve Pazar ders çalışmaz.
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1. Baran öğretmen mi?
2. Nerede ders çalışıyor?
3. Saat yedi on beşte ne yapar?
4. Ne zaman kahvaltı yapar?
5. O saat sekizde ne yapar?
6. Ne zaman basketbol oynar?
7. Akşam ne yapar?
8. O Cumartesi ve Pazar ders çalışır mı?
9. Rearrange the following statements into a logical order for a daily schedule. Check your
work with the answer key.
10. Tell your partner about your daily schedule. Use the words and word combinations
given below.
11. Listen to the five short statements. Circle the English statement that is the
equivalent of each Turkish statement you hear. Replay the audio as many times as you
need. Check your answers with the answer key.
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4. A. I study at home on Saturday.
B. I play soccer at home on Saturday.
C. I eat breakfast at home on Saturday.
● Exception
If the verb root ends with one of the following consonants then ‘-d’ changes to ‘-t’
f–s–t–k–ç–ş–h–p
Ben kalktım.
Sen kalktın.
O kalktı.
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I went ben gittim I studied ben ders çalıştım.
you went sen gittin you studied sen ders çalıştın
he went o gitti he studied o ders çalıştı
we went biz gittik we studied biz ders çalıştık
you went siz gittiniz you studied siz ders çalıştınız
they went onlar gittiler they studied onlar ders çalıştılar
12. Read the following sentences and translate them into English. Check your translations
with the answer key.
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13. Complete the following sentences using the verbs located in the box below. Check your
answers with the answer key.
14. Listen to the following dialogue and repeat after the speaker. Make up similar
dialogues using the words and word combinations given below. Work in pairs or in small
groups.
Dün ne yaptın?
Dün televizyon izledim.
15. Make up similar dialogues using the words and word combinations given below. Work
in pairs or in small groups.
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Listen to the following statements read in Turkish. Circle the times you hear.
Check your answers with the answer key.
1. 6:30 - 5:30
2. 6:00 - 7:00
3. 9:30 - 8:30
4. 5:30 - 5:45
5. sabah - akşam
6. 6:00 - 8:00
2. Read and listen to the following text in Turkish. Put T (True) or F (False) next to
the statements that are written below the text. Check your work with the answer key.
Merhaba. Benim adım Bora. Ben İzmir’de yaşıyorum. Küçük bir evim var. Bu okulda
öğretmenim. Ben matematik ve müzik öğretiyorum. Hergün saat altıda kalkarım. Kahvaltı
yaparım ve okula giderim. Saat sekizde okuldayım. Salı ve Perşembe günü 2 saat futbol oynarım.
Okuldan sonra alışverişe giderim. Saat beşte evde olurum. Akşam bir saat televizyon izlerim ve 2
saat kitap okurum.
3. Describe your daily schedule of activities, including the times in Turkish. For example,
start with what time you get up, then eat breakfast, etc. “I get up at 6:00 and eat breakfast
at 6:30. I go to school at …..”
4. Find out what your partner did yesterday at 7:00 am, 7:30 am, 10:00 am, 1:00 pm, 4:00
pm, and 8:00 pm, and how long each activity lasted. Work in pairs or in small groups.
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Vocabulary List
After Sonra
In the morning Sabah
In the afternoon Öğlen
In the evening Akşam
Everyday Hergün
Last week Geçen Hafta
A year ago Bir yıl once
Last Sunday Geçen Pazar
(Monday, Tuesday, etc.) (Pazartesi, Salı, v.s)
At school Okulda
Math Matematik
Music Müzik
Book Kitap
Breakfast Kahvaltı
Lunch Öğlen yemeği
Dinner Akşam yemeği
Home Ev
At home Evde
Market Pazar
On Sunday Pazar günü
(Monday, Tuesday…) (Pazartesi günü, Salı günü, vs)
To go (to) -e gitmek (eve gitmek)
-a gitmek (okula gitmek)
-ye gitmek (hastaneye gitmek) (to go to the hospital)
-ya gitmek (toplantıya gitmek) (to go to a meeting)
To go shopping Alış verişe gitmek
To play soccer/basketball Futbol / basketbol oynamak
To watch television Televizyon izlemek
To eat breakfast Kahvaltı yapmak
(lunch, dinner) BUT
(öğle yemeği / akşam yemeği yemek)
To get up/wake up Kalkmak / Uyanmak
To read Okumak
To study (Ders) çalışmak
To study (lesson)
To work (Bir işte) çalışmak
To work (somewhere)
What time is it? Saat kaç?
It is three o’clock. Saat üç.
When Ne zaman
Man Adam
Woman Kadın
Boy Erkek çocuk
Girl Kız çocuk
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 3
A. 8:15 am
B. 9:50
C. 5:10
D. 4:30 pm
E. 7:10
Exercise 7
Exercise 8
Baran is a student. He studies at school. Everyday he gets up at 7:15. He has breakfast at 7:30.
He goes to school at 8:00. After school he plays basketball. He reads books and watches TV in
the evening. Baran does not study on Saturday and Sunday.
1. Is Baran a teacher?
No, Baran is a student.
Hayır, Baran bir öğrenci.
2. Where does he study?
He studies at school.
O okulda ders çalışır.
3. What does he do at 7:15?
He gets up at 7:15.
O saat yedi on beşte kalkar.
4. When does he have breakfast?
He has breakfast at 7:30.
O saat yedi otuzda kahvaltı yapar.
5. What does he do at 8:00?
He goes to school at 8:00.
O saat sekizde okula gider.
6. When does he play basketball?
He plays basketball after school.
O okuldan sonra basketbol oynar.
7. What does he do in the evening?
He reads books and watches TV in the evening.
O akşam kitap okur ve televizyon izler.
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8. Does he study on Saturday and Sunday?
No, Bob does not study on Saturday and Sunday.
Hayır, Baran Cumartesi ve Pazar günü ders çalışmaz.
Exercise 9
Your answers may vary. However, did you understand the statements?
6. I eat breakfast.
3. I go to school.
1. I go to lunch with my friends.
5. I play basketball.
4. I eat dinner with my friend.
7. I study at home.
2. I watch television.
Exercise 11
Exercise 12
Exercise 13
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End of Lesson Exercise 1
1. 6:30
2. 7:00
3. 9:30
4. 5:45
5. in the morning
6. 8:00
Exercise 2
Hello. My name is Bora. I live in İzmir. I have a small house. I am a teacher at this school. I
teach math and music. Everyday I get up at 6:00 a.m. I eat breakfast and go to school. I am at
school at 8:00 a.m. On Tuesday and Thursday I play soccer for 2 hours. After school, I go
shopping. I am home at 5:00. In the evening I watch TV for an hour and read books for 2 hours.
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Lesson 5
Meeting the Family
Aileyle Tanışma
Although in Turkey the modern nuclear family has been increasing in number and becoming more common, the
traditional, patriarchal family still has great importance in central and eastern Anatolia where the society is
more conservative. The economy is based mainly on farming and fewer women receive a formal education
compared to the rest of the country. Some of the larger families may include not only the parents of a married
couple, but may also include aunts, uncles, brothers and sisters of the couple or cousins. In a patriarchal family
where the authority belongs to the eldest man in the family, women are expected to raise the children, do the
housework and also take care of the elderly.
Patriarchal or not, Turkish families have strong ties. Even in big cities people who moved in from the same
town make big communities and retain their tribal life style. They often look for any excuse to visit each other,
perhaps having tea or asking for help in finding accommodations, jobs, etc. Even modern nuclear families
usually have strong ties with at least their next generation relatives. Although nuclear families in big cities
usually do not have more than 2 or 3 children, there are families with more children. The number of children
families have depends on different criterion such as education, cultural background, ethnicity and religion.
1. Look at these photos of families. Listen to the kinship terms and repeat after the speaker.
69
Family Aile
Parents Ebeveyn
Mother Anne
Father Baba
Children Çocuklar
Daughter Kız (Kız evlat)
Son Oğul (Erkek evlat)
Grandfather Büyükbaba
Grandmother Büyükanne
Sister Kız kardeş
Brother Erkek kardeş
The use of the question word “who (kim”) is almost the same in Turkish. Its position is at the beginning of the
question. We use it with singular and plural demonstrative pronouns: this / that / these / those ( bu / şu /
bunlar / şunlar).
2. Listen to the following dialogues and repeat them after the speaker. Role-play the dialogues
using the pictures above.
3. Translate the following sentences into English. Check you work with the answer key.
70
4. Tell about your mother/father/sister/brother/grandfather/grandmother according to the scheme
below:
1. name
2. age
3. occupation
4. where they live (city and type of residence).
Bu benim babam. Onun adı Ali. O 48 yaşında. O bir öğretmen. O Kayseri’de yaşıyor. Onun küçük müstakil bir
evi var.
5. Create questions in Turkish to the following answers. Check your work with the answer key for some
suggested questions.
1. __________________?
Evet, bu benim erkek kardeşim.
2. __________________?
Onun adı Kemal.
3. __________________?
O İstanbul’da yaşıyor.
4. __________________?
O bir doktor.
5. __________________?
O Pazartesi günü işe gider.
6. __________________?
Hayır, o Salı günleri beyzbol oynar.
6. Listen to the audio. Circle the word you hear. Check your work with the answer key.
1. mother - father
2. daughter - son
3. family - parents
4. children - grandparents
5. sister - brother
6. grandmother - grandfather
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7. Listen and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in the workbook.
Husband Eş (koca)
Wife Eş (karı)
Married Evli
Unmarried/Single Evli değil / Bekar
8. Fill in the blanks using the words written in the boxes below. Check your answers with the answer
key.
2
evli onun 8 yaşında kızları onun kız kardeşi
10 yaşında asker onların
10. Listen to several short dialogues as people answer questions about their family members. Circle
the correct answer for each question. Check your work with the answer key.
1. O kim?
O benim annem / kızkardeşim / büyükannem.
2. O evli mi?
Hayır, o bekar / bir doktor / 25 yaşında.
3. O kim?
O benim karım / kocam / babam.
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4. O evli mi?
Evet, o evli / bekar / bir asker.
5. Onlar kimler?
Onlar benim ebeveynlerim / çocuklarım / büyükannem ve büyükbabam
8. Şu kim?
Şu benim karım / annem / kocam.
11. Read and translate the text. Put T (True) or F (False) next to the statements below. Check your
answers with the answer key.
Serdar’ın bir büyük annesi ve bir büyük babası var. Onlar Serdar ve onun ailesi ile yaşıyorlar. Onun erkek
kardeşi yok. Onun iki kız kardeşi var. Onlar öğrenciler. Serdar evli. Onun eşi bir doktor. Serdar ve onun eşinin
bir kızı var.
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Give a brief description in Turkish of your immediate family. Include the age, name, and profession of
each person, and tell whether each person is married or single, and where he/she lives. If you want to, use
real pictures of your family members.
2. Ask your classmate in Turkish about his/her mother/father/sister/brother/etc. What are their names,
how old are they, where do they live, and what are their professions.
3. Work in small groups. Describe the pictures below. Use new vocabulary.
74
Vocabulary List
Parents Ebeveyn
Father Baba
Mother Anne
Children Çocuklar
Son Oğul
Daughter Kız
Brother Erkek kardeş
Sister Kız kardeş
Grandmother Büyükanne
Grandfather Büyükbaba
Husband Eş (koca)
Wife Eş (karı)
Married Evli
Unmarried/single Evli değil / bekar
Who is this/that? Bu / Şu kim?
Who are these/those? Bunlar/Şunlar kim?
This/that is… Bu/Şu ...dır/dir.
These/those are… Bunlar / Şunlar …ler/lar.
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 3
Exercise 5
Exercise 6
1. Father
2. Daughter
3. Family
4. Grandparents
5. Sister
6. Grandfather
Exercise 8
1. Benim erkek kardeşim evli. Onun eşi otuz yaşında. Onun adı Gülnur. O bir doktor.
Onların bir oğlu var. O beş yaşında. Onun adı Özgür.
My brother is married. His wife is 30 years old. Her name is Gülnur. She is a doctor.
They have a son. He is 5 years old. His name is Özgür.
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Exercise 10
Exercise 11
Serdar has a grandfather and a grandmother. They live with Serdar and his family. Serdar has no brothers. He
has two sisters. They are students. Serdar is married. His wife is a doctor. Serdar and his wife have a daughter
and a son.
77
Lesson 6
Şehirde
Around Town
Northwest Kuzeybatı
Northeast Kuzeydoğu
West Batı
East Doğu
Southwest Güneybatı
Southeast Güneydoğu
South Güney
78
In Turkish when we tell somebody where a certain location is we use the following structure:
Examples: Bursa İstanbul’un güneyindedir. (Word ends with a consonant but the last vowel is a
back vowel so we use –un)
Ankara Eskişehir’in doğusundadır. (The word ends with a consonant but the last
vowel is a front vowel so we use –‘in)
Isparta Antalya’nın kuzeyindedir. (The word ends with a front vowel so we use –nın)
79
2. Listen to the following sentences and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in
your workbook.
3. Work with a partner. Tell each other where certain cities/locations are in relation to
other cities/locations. Compose sentences according to the exercise above and the model
below.
4. Topographical features and urban buildings and landmarks are useful reference
points when getting to know a new area or for getting or giving directions. Listen to a list of
common sites and features. Repeat after the speaker while following along in the
workbook.
Airport Havaalanı
Bank Banka
Building Bina
House Ev
Bus station Otobüs durağı
Train station Tren İstasyonu
Police station Polis karakolu
Café Kafe
Restaurant Restoran
Church Kilise
Mosque Cami
Synagogue Havra
Temple Tapınak
Movie theater Sinema
Hospital Hastane
Market Market
Mausoleum Anıtmezar
Pharmacy Eczane
Post office Postane
Store Mağaza
Park Park
Factory Fabrika
Bridge Köprü
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Farm Çiftlik
Field Tarla
Forest Orman
Lake Göl
Mountain Dağ
River Irmak
Port Liman
Tomb of Atatürk in Ankara Anıtkabir
Bazaar Pazar
Tea House Kahvehane
5. Match the English word in the left column with the Turkish equivalent in the right
column. Check your work with the answer key.
1. Airport A. Fabrika
2. Bank B. Hastane
3. Bus Station C. Havaalanı
4. Café D. Eczane
5. Church E. Restoran
6. Movie Theater F. Park
7. Factory G. Postane
8. Hospital H. Otobüs Durağı
9. Park I. Banka
10. Pharmacy J. Kafe
11. Post Office K. Sinema
12. Restaurant L. Kilise
6. Translate the following sentences from Turkish into English. Check your work with the
answer key.
7. Practice composing and pronouncing the vocabulary. Create sentences according to the
model. Use the words below.
81
1. Havaalanı - doğusunda - göl
2. Banka - güneyinde - hastane
3. Eczane - doğusunda - postane
4. Köprü - kuzeyinde - ırmak
5. Otobüs durağı - doğusunda - polis
karakolu
6. Fabrika - güneyinde - dağ
7. Çiftlik - batısında - tarla
8. Park - kuzeyinde - göl
8. Listen to the speaker, write down the term you hear and translate it into English.
Check your answers with the answer key.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. Listen to the following words and word combinations and repeat after the speaker.
Follow along in your workbook.
10. Listen and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in your workbook. Then
translate them into English. Check your work with the answer key.
82
11. Work with a partner. Compose similar dialogues using the words below. Role-play
your dialogues.
83
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Translate each phrase into Turkish. Check your work with the answer key.
2. Work with a partner or in small groups. In Turkish, come up with a list of the facilities
on your base. Then draw a schematic map of the base. Now describe the locations of each
facility. Use the following vocabulary: a store, a hospital, a police station, a movie theater, a
park, a hotel, a church, an airfield, a restaurant, a forest, and your language training
facility. Use the prepositions: between, next to, across from, in front of.
84
Vocabulary List
Airport Havaalanı
Bank Banka
Building Bina
House Ev
Bus station Otobüs durağı
Train station Tren İstasyonu
Police station Polis karakolu
Café Kafe
Restaurant Restoran
Church Kilise
Mosque Cami
Synagogue Havra
Temple Tapınak
Movie theater Sinema
Hospital Hastane
Market Market
Mausoleum Anıtmezar
Pharmacy Eczane
Post office Postane
Store Mağaza
Park Park
Factory Fabrika
Bridge Köprü
Farm Çiftlik
Field Tarla
Forest Orman
Lake Göl
Mountain Dağ
River Irmak
Port Liman
Tomb of Atatürk in Ankara Anıtkabir
Bazaar Pazar
Tea House Kahvehane
In front of …… -Nin önünde
Next to …… -Nin yanında
Between …… and …… …Ile -nin arasında
Around the corner from …… -Nin köşesinde
Across from …… -Nin karşısında
On the right of… -Nin sağında
On the left of… -Nin solunda
Behind the… -Nin arkasında
Adjacent to… -Nin bitişiğinde
Near Yakın
North Kuzey
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South Güney
East Doğu
West Bati
86
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 5
1. C
2. I
3. H
4. J
5. L
6. K
7. A
8. B
9. F
10. D
11. G
12. E
Exercise 6
Exercise 8
1. north kuzey
2. bridge köprü
3. bus station otobüs durağı
4. café kafe
5. post office postane
6. church kilise
7. farm çiftlik
8. mountain dağ
Exercise 10
87
End of Lesson Exercise 1
88
Lesson 7
Shopping
Alışveriş
Tercüme
Turkey’s successful economic recovery in the last few years is continuing. In 2004, the inflation rate dropped to
a single digit for the first time in 30 years. However, despite the economic gains in 2002-04, which were largely
due to renewed investor interest in emerging markets, IMF backing, and tighter fiscal policy, the economy is
still plagued with high debt and deficits. Foreign direct investment in Turkey remains low, averaging less than
$1 billion annually. The political and economic issue over the next decade is whether or not Turkey will
become a member of the European Union. According to the results of polls, the majority of the population is in
favor of Turkey’s membership. According to the State Institute of Statistics, per capita average monthly gross
earnings was estimated as 1154 YTL for the third quarter of 2004.
According to the CIA’s The World Factbook, Turkey’s population is 69,660,559 (July 2005 est.)
GDP - per capita : $7,400 (2004 est.)
Literacy rate : Total population: 86.5%
Inflation rate : 9.3 % (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate : 9.3 %
Population below
Loverty line : 20% (2002)
89
YTL has been in circulation since then and the sub-unit of YTL is Ykr (Yeni Kuruş).
1 YTL = 1OO Ykr
YTL Denominations
YTL Banknotes: 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 YTL
YTL Coins: 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 New Kuruş and 1 New Lira
Following are approximate exchange rates for YTL:
90
1. Listen to the following vocabulary and repeat after the speaker.
2. Work in pairs or in small groups. Ask your partner what foods he/she has at home. Use the model
below.
91
3. Familiarize yourself with the new vocabulary. Listen to the speaker and follow along in the
workbook. Look at the pictures and try to guess the meaning of the underlined words.
Bu bir market. Selin markette çalışır. O bir Ercan markette çalışır. O bir
kasiyer. satış elemanı.
Ezgi bir giyim mağazasında çalışır. O bir satış Kaan bir giyim mağazasında çalışır. O bir
elemanı. kasiyer.
Anywhere you go in Turkey you will find small food markets. Although these small markets basically sell foods
such as bread, cheese, milk, butter, eggs, olives and beverages, they also sell other things such as cigarettes,
newspapers, cleaning products, etc.
Beside these small food shops there are lots of other small shops which sell a variety of products. For example,
there are small shops that sell only music CDs and cassettes, jewelry shops, shoe shops, carpet shops, glassware
shops, stationeries, etc. There are also lots of green grocers and bakeries where you can always buy fresh fruit
and vegetables and fresh bread.
92
In Turkey. towns and cities are very condensed compared to the US which means that almost everywhere there
is a market within walking distance. Open markets are also very common and popular in Turkey. These are
similar to farmers’ markets in the US but they are much bigger and the fruit and vegetables are much cheaper.
Almost every district has an open market set up at certain days and locations. People usually walk to the open
markets.
The word for ‘Department Store’ in Turkish is ‘Reyonlu Satış Mağazası’. There are lots of department stores
and shopping centers in big cities such as İstanbul, İzmir, Ankara, and Antalya where you can buy clothing,
household goods, glassware, cosmetics, etc. However, most of these department stores are not as big and do not
sell as large a variety of products as in the US.
4. Work in pairs or in small groups. Make up dialogues using the model below.
(Ben) (yeni bir araba) satın almak istiyorum. I want to buy (a new car).
(Sen) (yeni bir ev) satın almak istiyorsun. You want to buy (a new house).
(O) (bir bisiklet) satın almak istiyor. He wants to buy (a bicycle).
(O) (bir kitap) satın almak istiyor. She wants to buy (a book).
(Biz) (yeni bir bilgisayar) satın almak istiyoruz. We want to buy (a new computer).
(Onlar) bir (fotoğraf makinesi) satın almak istiyorlar. They want to buy (a camera).
Although the verb ‘to buy’ is ‘satın almak’ in Turkish, the word ‘satın’ is usually dropped when spoken. In
this case the structure is usually: ‘Bir araba almak istiyorum.’ (I want to buy a car.)
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5. Familiarize yourself with the new vocabulary. Listen to the speaker and follow along in the
workbook. Look at the pictures and try to guess the meaning of the underlined words.
Meral bir kitap satın almak istiyor. Mustafa bir saat satın almak istiyor. O bir
O bir kitabevinde. hediyelik eşya mağazasında.
6. Match each Turkish sentence in the left column with the English equivalent in the right column.
Check your answers with the answer key.
1. Ben ekmek ve tereyağı satın almak istiyorum A. Deniz wants to buy fish.
2. Zeynep bir kitap satın almak istiyor. B. They want to buy cheese.
3. Deniz balık satın almak istiyor. C. I want to buy bread and butter.
4. Orhan bir saat satın almak istiyor. D. My sister wants to buy the clothes.
5. Biz hediye satın almak istiyoruz. E. Orhan wants to buy a clock.
6. Onlar peynir satın almak istiyorlar. F. Zeynep wants to buy a book.
7. Benim kızkardeşim giysiler satın almak istiyor. G. We want to buy a gift.
When we shop for food or drink in Turkey, we use certain measures and measure words. See the examples
below.
Turkish English
250 gram zeytin 250 grams of olives
Yarım kilo peynir Half a kilo of cheese
Bir kilo domates A kilo of tomatoes
Bir litre süt A liter of milk
Bir şişe su A bottle of water
Bir kutu salça A tin of tomato paste
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Here are some more examples.
7. Work with a partner or in small groups. Pretend that you are planning to have a surprise birthday
party for one of your classmates. You need to buy some food and gifts. Make a shopping list and tell your
partner in Turkish what you want to buy.
When we ask the price of any food or drink in Turkish we usually use one of the following structures:
(X) ne kadar? (How much is X?)
Affedersiniz, (X)’in fiyatı ne kadar? (Excuse me. How much is the price of X?)
We may also use demonstrative pronouns (this/that/these/those) especially when we point to the food or drink
items that we want to buy.
Examples:
Bu ne kadar?/Bunun fiyatı ne kadar? (How much is this?/ How much is the price of this?)
Şu ne kadar?/ Şunun fiyatı ne kadar? (How much is that? / How much is the price of that?)
Bunlar ne kadar? / Bunların fiyatı ne kadar? (How much are these?/ How much are the price of these?)
Şunlar ne kadar? / Şunların fiyatı ne kadar? (How much are those? / How much are the price of those?)
When you shop for clothes, jewelery, furniture, carpets, shoes, glassware or other household items, you can
usually bargain for the price, especially if it is a family-owned business. It is not appropriate to bargain in
department stores where salespeople work.
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9. Pretend you want to buy the items listed below. One of your classmates is a salesperson. Role-play an
“In the Shop” dialogue using the dialogue above as a model. Work in pairs or in small groups.
In English In Turkish
They buy eggs and milk at the grocery store. Onlar marketten yumurta ve süt alırlar.
She buys clothes at the department store. O reyonlu satış mağazasından giysiler alır.
The suffixes -den/-den/-ten/-tan attached to the end of the words for “shops” means ‘at the... / from the...’
Notice that when the word ends in -ı/-i/-sı/-si we add the buffer letter -n before the suffixes -den/-den/-ten/-tan as in the
example above (mağazası-n-dan).
10. Complete the sentences using the words in the box. Check your answers with the answer key.
giyim mağazası market kitabevi hediyelik eşya mağazası reyonlu satış mağazası
11. Listen to the following sentences and circle the words you hear. Check your answers with the
answer key.
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Affirmative
I/You/S/he/It/We/You/They can + verb Ben/Sen/O/Biz/Siz/Onlar + verb root + -ebil- / -abil--yebil- /-
yabil-
I can learn Spanish. Ben İspanyolca öğrenebilirim.
You can come with us. Sen bizimle gelebilirsin.
We can walk to the market. Biz markete yürüyebiliriz.
Leyla can live alone. Leyla tek başına yaşayabilir.
Negative
I can not learn Spanish. Ben İspanyolca öğrenemem.
You can not come with us. Sen bizimle gelemezsin.
We can not walk to the market. Biz markete yürüyemeyiz.
Leyla can not live alone. Leyla tek başına yaşayamaz.
Questions
Can I learn Spanish? Ben İspanyolca öğrenebilir miyim?
Can you come with us? Sen bizimle gelebilir misin?
Can we walk to the market? Biz markete yürüyebilir miyiz?
Can Leyla live alone? Leyla tek başına yaşayabilir mi?
Although the suffixes used to express ability or possibility change depending on the verb conjugated (-ebil- /-
abil--yebil- /-yabil-), the verb “can” can simply be defined as “-ebilmek / -abilmek”
Turkish English
Müşteri: Kredi kartı kabul ediyor musunuz? Customer: Do you accept credit cards?
Veya (Kredi kartı geçer mi?) Or (Is a credit card acceptable?)
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12. a) Listen to the following dialogue and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in the workbook.
b) Role-play the dialogue. Make up similar dialogues using the words below.
1. İki şişe su
2. Bir kitap
3. Bir kutu süt
4. Bir kilo peynir
5. Bir düzine yumurta
13. Listen to and read along with the dialogue then answer the follow-up questions. Check your
work with the answer key.
Questions:
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Translate the following into Turkish. Check your work with the answer key.
3. What would you tell a salesperson in Turkish if you want to buy a carton of milk/a watch/a dozen
eggs? How would you ask the price of it? Role-play the dialogue.
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Vocabulary List
How much is …? Ne kadar?
It is …….. . O... dýr /dir / dur / dür.
I want to buy… Ben …satın almak istiyorum.
As well Bununla beraber
Banana Muz
Butter Tereyağı
Chicken Tavuk
Fish Balık
Ice cream Dondurma
Milk Süt
Tomato Domates
Pear Armut
Potato Patates
Sugar Şeker
Cheese Peynir
Eggs Yumurta (Singular)
A kilo of cheese Bir kilo peynir
A bag of potatoes Bir torba patates
A loaf of bread Bir somun ekmek
A bottle of water Bir şişe su
A dozen eggs Bir duzine yumurta
A carton of milk Bir kutu süt
Department Store Reyonlu satış mağazası
Clothing Store Giyim mağazası
Grocery Store Market
Bookstore Kitabevi
Bread Ekmek
Credit card Kredi kartı
Cash Nakit
Cashier Kasiyer
Salesperson Satış elemanı
To buy Satın almak
To take Almak
To pay for (Bir şey için) ödeme yapmak
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 6
Exercise 10
Exercise 11
Exercise 13
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Lesson 8
Eating Out
Dışarıda Yemek
102
There are many types of restaurants in Turkey and they differ in the type of food they serve, the service they
give, their atmosphere and the price. Restaurants usually specialize in serving certain types of food such as
seafood restaurants, meat restaurants (type of steak house), kebapçı (they specialize in a variety of kebaps such
as shish kebap), dönerci (a restaurant specializing in roasted or barbecued meats), köfteci (a restaurant
specializing in meat ball dishes), pide or lahmacun places (Turkish pizza houses), çorbacı and many others.
Turkish cuisine, which is one of the richest in the world, appeals to the eye as well as the palate. The
Mediterranean diet, which includes Turkey's, is considered a healthy diet to follow.
Despite the influence of western foods and even fast food chains in the larger cities, Turkey preserves her
culinary heritage. In the last decade, chefs of main hotels and international food symposiums have helped to re-
introduce Turkish cuisine to the world, educating her citizens about a proud food heritage.
The Black Sea, Sea of Marmara, Aegean, and southern Mediterranean provide Turkey with boundless fish and
shellfish. Turkey is one of the few countries in the world that has been self sustaining, producing all its own
food. Seasonal vegetables and fruits abound, and are served during the height of their growing periods. There is
never a reason to use tinned, preserved or frozen produce.
Although the number of the restaurants that serve other countries’ food has been increasing in Turkey, there are
not many yet. Most of them are in big cities and it would be very hard to find other countries’ food in small
towns.
The beauty of Turkish cooking is in its affordability, use of fresh ingredients, and ease of basic cooking
techniques. Classic recipes from centuries of palace and home cooking are well known to all home cooks.
One unique specialty of Turkish cuisine is the "zeytinyağlı" or olive oil course. Foods such as peppers or
tomatoes are prepared with olive oil. These are typically served at room temperature. Turks love their famous
eggplants. There are at least forty ways to prepare eggplant alone.
Many well-known recipes show an influence from Turkish cuisine: yogurt salads, fish in olive oil, stuffed
vegetables and vine leaves, milk desserts, and syrupy filo dough desserts. "Yogurt" is a Turkish word, her most
famous contribution to world cuisine. Yogurt made its way north to Bulgaria and Eastern Europe during the
Ottoman occupation.
A typical Turkish breakfast usually consists of fresh tomatoes, cucumbers, green peppers, white cheese, butter,
black olives, bread, honey, preserves, and eggs.
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Dinners will most commonly start with mezeler or appetizers. Mezeler are Turkish specialties, showing off the
originality and skill of a restaurant. Roasted pureed eggplant, fine chopped salads, miniature filled pasta called
"mantı", pepper and turnip pickles, mackerel stuffed with pilaf, sardines rolled in grape leaves, cacık (cold
yoğurt mixed with cucumbers, garlic and herbs) are just several of them to mention in the long list.
When eating out it is not unusual to change restaurants at the desert stage. The range of sweet dishes available
from the specialist restaurants is complimentary to the equally extensive range of mezes.
Eating at home in Turkey or in a traditional Turkish restaurant is never a hurried affair, and the evening meal
can last for many hours. The transition from mezes to the main course is not always obvious. In restaurants, the
waiter will help the traveler select a meal, with breads and olives always available. Put your dinner into the
hands of the restaurant and you will not be disappointed. Regional specialties abound, ask for them.
It is common in the markets to taste before you buy. Holes cut into melons allow the shopper to taste first.
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1. Look at the restaurant menu below. Repeat the words after the speaker, and follow along in the
workbook.
Small World Restaurant
Item Price YTL / Ykr
(Yeni Türk Lirası/Yeni Kuruş)
Soup Çorba
Lentil Soup Mercimek Çorbası 2.95
Salads & Cold Salatalar & Soğuk
Appetizers Mezeler
Shephard Salad Çoban salata 4.50
Eggplant Salad Patlıcan salatası 3.95
Green Beans Taze Fasülye 3.95
Humus Humus 3.75
Stuffed Grape Leaves Zeytinyağlı Dolma 3.75
Jajick Cacık 3.75
Piyaz Piyaz 3.75
Hot Appetizers Sıcak Mezeler
Cigar Börek Sigara Böreği 3.45
Fried Liver Cubes Arnavut Ciğeri 5.45
Fried Calamari Kalamar Tava 6.50
Main Courses (Kebabs Ana yemekler (Kebap
and Grills) ve Izgaralar)
Gyro (Beef) Döner (Kırmızı et) 7.95
Gyro (Chicken) Döner (Tavuk) 7.95
Shish Kebap Şiş Kebap 9.95
Köfte & Pilaf Köfte & Pilav 8.95
Chicken Shish Kebap Tavuk Şis Kebap 9.50
Adana Kebap Adana Kebap 8.95
Chicken Saute Tavuk Sote 10.95
Fried Chicken & Pasta Kızarmış Tavuk & 9.95
Makarna
Iskender Kebap Iskender Kebap 10.45
Mushroom Saute Mantar Sote 9.45
Desserts Tatlılar
Baklava Baklava 2.50
Kadaifi Kadayif 2.50
Rice Pudding Sütlaç 2.50
Strawberry Cake Çilekli Pasta 3.00
Beverages İçecekler
Can Soda Soda 1.50
Fruit Juice Meyve Suyu 2.50
Ayran Ayran 1.00
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Turkish Coffe Türk Kahvesi 1.50
Tea Çay .75
2. Imagine that you have 35.00 YTL. What would you order at the “Small World Restaurant”?
3. A) Listen to and read along with the following dialogue between a waiter and a patron.
4. Listen to the following dialogue that takes place at a restaurant. Follow along in your workbook.
Pay attention to the new words. Role-play the dialogue. You can substitute some words with any food
from the “Small World Restaurant” menu.
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A. Ne içmek istersiniz?
A. What do you want to drink?
A. Tatlı istermisiniz?
A. Any dessert?
A. Hesabınız efendim.
A. Here is your bill, sir.
A. Evet, ödeyebilirsiniz.
A. Yes, you can.
5. Using the restaurant menu above, tell your classmates in Turkish what you ate and drank at your
most recent visit to a restaurant.
6. Listen and read along with the dialogue. Fill in the blanks with the missing Turkish words, and
then translate the passage into English. Check your work with the answer key.
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_____ içti.
Sen ne _____?
Ben _____ ve kızarmış patates yedim.
Ne içtin?
_____ içtim.
7. Below are some table service items. Listen and repeat after the speaker.
8. Match the English words in the left column with the Turkish equivalents in the right column. \Check
your work with the answer key.
1. Plate A. Kaşık
2. Bowl B. Bardak
3. Cup C. Bıçak
4. Glass D. Çatal
5. Knife E. Tas
6. Fork F. Tabak
7. Spoon G. Peçete
8. Napkin H. Fincan
9. Listen to the following model. Repeat after the speaker. Compose similar sentences using the
words below.
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1. peçete
2. fincan
3. çatal
4. bıçak
5. bardak
10. Listen to the speaker and fill in the blansk with the missing Turkish words. Check your
answers with the answer key.
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Tell in Turkish what you usually eat and drink for breakfast / lunch / dinner.
2. Pretend that you are at a restaurant now. What would you say in Turkish if you wanted to eat salad
and fried potatoes? You also want a cup of coffee, and you need a fork and a napkin. What would you say
in Turkish if you do not know what to choose? Your classmate is a waiter. Role-play the dialogue. Work
in pairs or in small groups.
3. Read and translate the following text into English. Answer the questions that follow in complete
sentences in Turkish. Check the answer key to review your translation and check your answers.
Geçen Cuma işten sonra kardeşim, annem, babam ve ben Küçük Dünya restorana gittik. Bankanın karşısında
küçük bir restoran. Bir garson bize kızarmış tavuk, salata ve makarna yememizi tavsiye etti. Kardeşim kırmızı
et ve patates yedi, şekerli ve limonlu çay içti. Annem çorba ve hamburger yedi, elma suyu içti. Tatlı olarak bir
dilim çilekli pasta yedi. Babam kırmızı et, kızarmış patates ve domates yedi. Tatlı olarak bir porsiyon kadayıf
yedi ve kahve içti. Ben Tavuk ve salata yedim. Yemek nefisti. Ben kredi kartı ile ödemek istedim fakat babam
nakit ödedi. Harika bir akşam geçirdik.
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Vocabulary List
Apple juice Elma suyu
Bowl Tas
Kadaifi Kadayıf (Shredded Pastry with
mixed Nuts and syrup& Ground
Pistachio Topping)
Coffee Kahve
Cup Fincan
Fork Çatal
Fried Kızarmış
Glass Bardak
Knife Bıçak
Napkin Peçete
Orange juice Portakal suyu
Piece Bir dilim
Plate Tabak
Please Lütfen
Salad Salata
Soup Çorba
Spoon Kaşık
Tea Çay
Beef Kırmızı et
Hamburger Hamburger
Here you are Buyurun
To Drink / drank İçmek /
İçtim/İçtin/İçti/İçtik/İçtiniz/İçtiler
(I/You/S/he/We/You/They drank)
To eat /ate Yemek/
Yedim/Yedin/Yedi/Yedik/Yediniz/
Yediler
(I/You/S/he/We/You/They ate)
Recommend Tavsiye etmek
Wonderful Harika
Delicious Nefis
Very well Çok iyi
Lemon Limon
Dessert Tatlı
Bill Hesap
Wine Şarap
Beer Bira
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 6
Where did you eat last Sunday? Geçen Pazar nerede yemek yedin?
I ate at a restaurant. Bir restorantta yedim.
Did you eat alone? Yalnız başına mı yedin?
No, my brother was with me. Hayır, kadeşim yanımdaydı.
What did he eat? O ne yedi?
He ate pasta and fish. O makarna ve balık yedi.
What did he drink? Ne içti?
He drank tea. Çay içti.
What did you eat? Sen ne yedin?
I ate chicken and fried potatoes. Ben tavuk ve kızarmış patates yedim.
What did you drink? Ne içtin?
I drank coffee. Kahve içtim.
Exercise 8
1. Plate F Tabak
2. Bowl E Tas
3. Cup H Fincan
4. Glass B Bardak
5. Knife C Bıçak
6. Fork D Çatal
7. Spoon A Kaşık
8. Napkin G Peçete
Exercise 10
1. milk süt
2. apple juice elma suyu
3. pasta makarna
4. fish balık
5. salad and beef salata ve et
6. knife bıçak
7. glass bardak
Last Friday after work, my brother, our parents and I went to the restaurant “Small World.” It’s a small
restaurant across from the bank. A waiter recommended we have fried chicken, salad, and pasta. My brother ate
beef and potatoes; he drank tea with sugar and lemon. My mother ate soup and a hamburger. She drank apple
juice. For dessert she had a piece of strawberry cake. My father ate beef, fried potatoes, and tomatoes. He ate a
portion of kadaifi for dessert and drank coffee. I ate chicken and salad. It was delicious! I wanted to pay with a
credit card, but my father paid cash. We had a wonderful evening.
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1. When did the family go to the restaurant?
Aile geçen Cuma akşamı bir restorana gitti.
2. Where is the restaurant?
Restoran bankanın karşısında.
3. What did the waiter recommend?
O kızarmış tavuk, salata ve makarna tavsiye etti.
4. What did my brother eat?
O kırmızı et ve patates yedi.
5. What did he drink?
Şekerli ve limonlu çay içti.
6. Did my mother eat soup and a hamburger?
Evet
7. Did she drink orange or apple juice?
Hayır, o sadece elma suyu içti.
8. Did she eat a piece of cheesecake for dessert?
Hayır, o sadece çilekli pasta yedi.
9. What did my father eat?
O kırmızı et, kızarmış patates ve domates yedi.
10. Did he drink wine?
Hayır, o kahve içti.
11. Did my father pay with a credit card?
Hayır nakit ödedi.
12. Was it a wonderful evening?
Evet, harikaydı.
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Lesson 9
Holidays, Customs, and Cultural Traditions
Tatiller, Gelenekler ve Kültürel Alışkanlıklar
114
National Holidays:
There are four important national days in Turkey and all government offices are closed on those dates.
23rd of April, National Sovereignty and Children’s Day: The Turkish Grand National Assembly was
officially opened on April 23, 1920. That is the date when modern Turkey was born. The leader of the
Turkish Independence War, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk dedicated that day to children and declared the day as a
holiday. Since then, the 23rd of April has been celebrated as Children’s Day. Children from different
countries are invited to establish friendships and introduce their culture while at the same time enjoying
spending time with Turkish children. Celebrations include contests (painting, poems, quiz shows, etc.), folk
dances, singing, shows, stage plays, etc. Turkey is probably one of the few countries in the world that has a
national children’s day.
19th of May, Commemoration of Atatürk and Youth & Sports Day: The day is celebrated in memory of
the first nationalist movement headed by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk to resist the Allied Occupation against
Turkey. He organized the remnants of the Ottoman army into an effective fighting force, and rallied the
people to the nationalist cause of War of Independence, starting his tour in Samsun on 19th of May 1919.
August 30th, Victory Day: Commemoration of the victory at the final battle ending the Turkish
Independence War in 1922. The day is dedicated to the armed forces.
October 29th, Republic Day: After the opening of the Turkish Grand National Assembly (under the
leadership of Atatürk), a republican constitution was established and Turkey's new capital was chosen as
Ankara. On October 29, 1923, the name of the country was declared as the Turkish Republic (Türkiye
Cumhuriyeti). Every year on October 29th the anniversary of the declaration of the Turkish Republic is
celebrated.
Religious Holidays:
There are two important religious holidays in Turkey, both of which come from Islam. They are not celebrated
on the same days every year because their dates are based on the lunar calendar (hicri takvim). The most
important characteristic of these religious holidays in today’s modern world is that it gives people (family,
relatives, neighbors, friends) the opportunity to remember each other and to refresh relationships. It is a time for
exchanging gifts, cards and visits and also supporting the spirit of unity in society. During these holidays, young
people kiss elderly people’s hands to get their good wishes or blessings. The elderly people try to help to solve
any conflicts or arguments that have occurred between people.
Ramazan Bayramı (Şeker Bayramı): This is a three-day festival celebrated after one month of fasting
(month of Ramadan). Throughout the festival people exchange visits and candies and sweets are served to
the guests. That is why it is also called Candy Festival (Şeker Bayramı). During the month of Ramadan,
only some restaurants in big cities may not serve food while most restaurants in rural area will not serve
food. Also, there are some places in the country where it might not be welcomed by local people to eat
during the day.
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Kurban Bayramı (The Feast of the Sacrifice): A four-day festival celebrated in the memory of the story
in which a ram fell from the sky just at the moment when the Prophet Abraham was about to sacrifice his
son to God. If a Muslim has the financial means, donating money or sacrificing an animal is a religious
obligation. That is why during the festival many families in the country sacrifice an animal (cattle, rams or
camels). One-third of the meat is left in the house and the rest is distributed to relatives, neighbors and the
poor. The sacrified animal must be healthy and if it is a female, it must not be pregnant.
Besides the national days and religious holidays there are many other local and national celebrations such as
seasonal festivals, arts and crafts festivals, cultural festivals, film festivals, flower festivals, festivals of fruits
and vegetables, etc. Most of these festivals are celebrated to create an appropriate atmosphere for people to
come together, have fun and exchange ideas.
Ordinal numbers (first, second, third, etc.) are made by adding a suffix to the cardinal number. The suffix is a
variant of –(x)nc(x) (equivalent to –st, -nd, -rd, -th) complying with the Turkish vowel harmony rules. Here x
can be one of the set “-ı, -i, -u, -ü”
Turkish numbers from 1 to 10, with the exception of 2, 6, 7, end with a consonant. If a number ends with a
vowel that means we just have to add the suffix –nc(x) to the equivalent cardinal number to get the ordinal
number. If the number ends with a consonant then we have to add the suffix –(x)nc(x). Here x can be one of the
set “-ı, -i, -u, -ü”
BUT
İki (two) İki + nci İkinci
Altı (six) Altı + ncı Altıncı
Yedi (seven) Yedi + nci Yedinci
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1. Listen and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in the workbook.
1 one bir
first birinci
2 two iki
second ikinci
3 three üç
third üçüncü
4 four dört
fourth dördüncü
5 five beş
fifth beşinci
6 six altı
sixth altıncı
7 seven yedi
seventh yedinci
8 eight sekiz
eighth sekizinci
9 nine dokuz
ninth dokuzuncu
10 ten on
tenth onuncu
2. Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences. Use the words located in the box. Check your answers
with the answer key.
1. Pazartesi haftanın___________________günüdür.
2. Salı haftanın_______________________günüdür.
3. Çarşamba haftanın__________________günüdür.
4. Perşembe haftanın__________________günüdür.
5. Cuma haftanın______________________günüdür.
6. Cumartesi haftanın__________________günüdür.
7. Pazar haftanın______________________günüdür.
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The numbers 11 to 19 follow the same rule for creating ordinal numbers from cardinal numbers. The number 11
is made from “ten one” (on bir) and 19 is “ten nine” (on dokuz).
3. Listen and repeat after the speaker the ordinal numbers 11 through 19. Follow along in the
workbook.
11 eleven on bir
eleventh on birinci
12 twelve on iki
twelfth on ikinci
13 thirteen on üç
thirteenth on üçüncü
14 fourteen on dört
fourteenth on dördüncü
15 fifteen on beş
fifteenth on beşinci
16 sixteen on altı
sixteenth on altıncı
17 seventeen on yedi
seventeenth on yedinci
18 eighteen on sekiz
eighteenth on sekizinci
19 nineteen on dokuz
nineteenth on dokuzuncu
5. Listen and repeat after the speaker the ordinal numbers from 20 to 100.
20 twenty Yirmi
twentieth Yirminci
21 twenty-one Yirmi bir
twenty-first Yirmi birinci
22 twenty-two Yirmi iki
twenty-second Yirmi ikinci
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23 twenty-three Yirmi üç
twenty-third Yirmi üçüncü
24 twenty-four Yirmi dört
twenty-fourth Yirmi dördüncü
25 twenty-five Yirmi beş
twenty-fifth Yirmi beşinci
26 twenty-six Yirmi altı
twenty-sixth Yirmi altıncı
27 twenty-seven Yirmi yedi
twenty-seventh Yirmi yedinci
28 twenty-eight Yirmi sekiz
twenty-eighth Yirmi sekizinci
29 twenty-nine Yirmi dokuz
twenty-ninth Yirmi dokuzuncu
30 thirty Otuz
thirtieth Otuzuncu
40 forty Kırk
fortieth Kırkıncı
50 fifty Elli
fiftieth Ellinci
60 sixty Altmış
sixtieth Altmışıncı
70 seventy Yetmiş
seventieth Yetmişinci
80 eighty Seksen
eightieth Sekseninci
90 ninety Doksan
ninetieth Doksanıncı
100 one hundred Yüz
one hundredth Yüzüncü
6. Listen to the names of the months and repeat after the speaker.
January Ocak
February Şubat
March Mart
April Nisan
May Mayıs
June Haziran
July Temmuz
August Ağustos
September Eylül
October Ekim
November Kasım
December Aralık
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In Turkey, dates are expressed in the day/month/year order then followed by the day of the week.
Example:
29th of October 2005 Saturday (29 Ekim 2005 Cumartesi)
10th of November 2005 Thursday (10 Kasım 2005 Perşembe)
7. Look at the picture and say the dates and days of the week in Turkish. Practice the different dates,
days, and months through the year.
8. Listen as the speaker reads the following years. Repeat after the speaker.
10. Listen and repeat after the speaker the names of Turkish holidays. Follow along in the
workbook.
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11. Listen to the speakers tell about their dates of birth. Follow along in the workbook.
1. When were you born? 2. When were you born? 3. When were you born?
Ne zaman doğdun? Ne zaman doğdun? Ne zaman doğdun?
I was born on the I was born on the I was born on the
11th of June, 1936. 31st of July, 1960. 23rd of January, 1987.
Ben 11 Haziran 1936’da doğdum. Ben 31 Temmuz 1960’ta doğdum. Ben 23 Aralık 1987’de
doğdum.
12. Work in pairs or in small groups. Ask your partner when he was born. Use the model below.
Model: A. I was born on the 15th of February, 1982. When were you born?
A. Ben 15 Şubat 1982’de doğdum. Sen ne zaman doğdun?
B. I was born on the 4th of September, 1979.
B. Ben 4 Eylül 1979’da doğdum.
13. Look at the picture below and imagine that this is your family. Describe each member. Use the model
below. You may use pictures of your own family.
Model: This is my brother. His name is… He is …years old. He was born on the …of…, 19…
Bu benim kardeşim. Onun adı… O ….yaşında. O …………19...’da doğdu.
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14. Read and translate the following text into English. Answer the questions below in English. Check
your work with the answer key.
Benim adım Lale. Ben Türkiye’liyim. İstanbul’da yaşıyorum. Büyük bir ailem var: eşim, iki çocuğum, annem
ve babam. Biz büyük bir evde yaşıyoruz. Eşim otuz yaşında. O 23 Kasım 1970’te doğdu. O doctor ve hastanede
çalışıyor. Çocuklarım öğrenciler. Onlar okuyorlar. Kızım 26 Nisan 1992’de doğdu. Oğlum sekiz yaşında. O 1
Mayıs 1996’da doğdu. Annem çok yaşlı. O 78 yaşında. O 22 Kasım 1926 doğumlu. Babam 79 yaşında. O 25
Agustos 1925 doğumlu. Onlar çalışmıyorlar. Onlar kitap okurlar, televizyon izlerler ya da bizim çocuklarla
oynarlar. Harika bir ailem var.
Hospitality is an important part of Turkish culture. Whether in a big city or in a small town, a foreigner will
encounter Turkish hospitality. Language isn’t a deterrent to Turkish people from communicating with a
foreigner. They will make every effort to understand and be understood and use their body language and
instincts to guess your needs. Sometimes hospitality is taken to such lengths that a foreigner might feel they are
suffering from an overdose of it. To avoid hurting their host’s feelings, one feels unable to refuse anything
offered. Even in big cities, Turkish people are usually prepared to receive guests at all times. Most of the time
people don’t even expect a call in advance. They will invite you in to their home and offer slippers for your feet.
(It is a custom in Turkey to take off your shoes when entering a house as this habit helps to keep the house
clean.) If a foreigner is a guest in a Turkish house, they should be ready to receive lots of attention and
questions as most Turkish people show a great interest in other people’s culture and they are ready for a cultural
exchange process!
Turkish people have a late-night culture. Most people have late dinners and after dinner they have fruit and tea
usually with desserts and nuts. People usually will have big, long dinners especially if there are guests. If guests
are staying the night, the hosts will make the best bed possible for their guests as well as offer pajamas too!
Almost all Turkish people have very close family relationships. People respect their elders and support each
other in many ways. Parents usually support their children financially until they get married, and then young
couples are expected to earn enough to manage their own living expenses. However, the traditional family
where there is a unity of production and consumption, together with common property, is becoming rarer in
today’s Turkey.
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Weddings (Düğünler), arrival of a new baby (bir bebeğin doğumu), and the circumcision ceremony (Sünnet),
have great importance in social life. Marriages are not conducted by Imams anymore as they were before the
republic. By law, marriages have to be a civil ceremony. Approximately 40% of marriages are civil only, 50%
are both civil and religious and 10% are religious only (which means they are not legal.) It is legally forbidden
to marry before the age of 15 for women and 17 for men. Although the types of wedding ceremonies and parties
may sometimes show differences, usually the families of both the groom and bride-to-be support the new
couples in many ways. Wealthy parents even buy a house for their children and also help in decorating it while
parents with average income help the new couple in finding a rental apartment and buying the appliances and
other household items. Parents also help with wedding expenses, such as hiring a wedding hall, wedding meals,
wedding clothes, etc. Most people who attend wedding parties usually buy a gold coin to put on the bride or
groom at the party, sometimes they give cash or other special gifts. If they do not give anything during the
wedding party, they will probably buy a household item and will pay a visit to the newly married sometime
after the wedding party. The custom of giving gold, money or gifts is mainly to support the newly married
couple in starting a new life.
The arrival of a baby is always a special event. Naming a baby is not always easy as all Turkish names have
meanings and parents would like to name their babies with the best possible name. Some of the children’s
names may derive form the time when the baby was born such as Bayram (Feast), Şafak (Dawn), Bahar
(Spring), Tufan (Storm). Or it may express the parents’ feelings about the child, if they want the baby to be the
last one, Yeter (Enough), Songül (Last Rose) and sometimes the names of elder people in families are chosen as
displays of respect. In Anatolia, there is a custom of planting trees in the names of newly born children.
Sünnet (Circumcision) is another important celebration in Turkey. Circumcision is known to have been
practiced in ancient Egypt even before it was introduced to the Jews as part of God’s covenant with Abraham.
In Islam however, the authority for circumcision comes not from the Koran but from the example of the Prophet
Mohammed. Whatever the Prophet does or says is called sünnet, therefore this word stands for circumcision in
modern Turkish. As Turkey is an Islamic country, all Moslem boys are circumcised, usually between the ages
of 2 and 14 by licensed circumcising surgeons. From a social point of view, the most important reason for
circumcision is the introduction of a child as a new member to his religious society. Boys are taught at an early
age that circumcision is a step for transition to manhood. A big party with food, music and dancing generally
celebrates the event.
Although some women are not satisfied with their marriages, divorce is not very common. They continue their
marriages for their children’s sake and to avoid the social judgment that may result. Another reason is
economic. In a country where unemployment is a problem, it would be risky for a woman to survive on her
own.
Death is considered to be a natural part of life. There are many people who prepare themselves for death by
putting the necessary amount of money for a funeral in their bank accounts and/or buying land in a cemetery in
advance. According to religious belief, if the dead body is not washed, they will not be allowed in to the
heaven. Therefore, dead people have to be washed by authorized people, always women by women and men by
men. After the ablution, the corpse is dressed in a white shroud, put in a wooden coffin covered with a green
piece of cloth. A martyr’s coffin is covered with the Turkish flag. The coffin is carried on people’s shoulders to
a table in the courtyard of a mosque before prayers. Nobody stands in front of the funeral procession and people
in the street stand up and stay motionless and silent. The coffin sits guarded on the table while people perform
their regular prayers. Then they all come out of the mosque and line up in front of the coffin to take part in the
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funeral service under the leadership of the Imam. Women are not allowed to join this service. At the end of the
service, the Imam asks people what they thought of the deceased and the answers are always positive: “He was
a good person. May God bless him!” etc. The coffin is carried to the cemetery by a hearse usually followed by
a long convoy. The deceased is buried only in the shroud not the coffin. The Imam’s prayers signify the end of
the burial. The deceased is commemorated on the seventh and fifty-second days of his death. Sometimes large
funeral meals and halvah are offered to the poor and surrounding people. Throughout the ages in Anatolia,
many different rituals have been applied to burials. Types of graves have differed. Graves under the floors of
houses, wooden rooms, chamber-like graves, rock-tombs, sarcophagi, domed or conical tombs (türbe or
kümbet) and mausoleums are some places where the dead have been laid.
15. Listen to the following conversation between two people. Repeat after the speakers. Follow
along in the workbook. Answer the questions that follow. Check your work with the answer key.
16. Work with a partner. Invite him/her to your house to celebrate a holiday. Give him/her directions
how to get to your house. Use the dialogue above as a model.
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
2. Give the names of Turkish holidays and tell when they are celebrated (in Turkish).
3. Invite your roommate to a party and give him/her directions on how to get there.
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Vocabulary List
first birinci
second ikinci
third üçüncü
fourth dördüncü
fifth beşinci
sixth altıncı
seventh yedinci
eighth sekizinci
ninth dokuzuncu
tenth onuncu
eleventh onbirinci
twelfth onikinci
thirteenth onüçüncü
fourteenth ondördüncü
fifteenth onbeşinci
sixteenth onaltıncı
seventeenth onyedinci
eighteenth onsekizinci
nineteenth ondokuzuncu
twentieth yirminci
twenty-first yirmi birinci
twenty-second yirmi ikinci
twenty-third yirmi üçüncü
twenty-fourth yirmi dördüncü
twenty-fifth yirmi beşinci
twenty-sixth yirmi altıncı
twenty-seventh yirmi yedinci
twenty-eighth yirmi sekizinci
twenty-ninth yirmi dokuzuncu
January Ocak
February Şubat
March Mart
April Nisan
May Mayıs
June Haziran
July Temmuz
August Ağustos
September Eylül
October Ekim
November Kasım
December Aralık
Was born doğdu
To invite davet etmek
Invitation davet
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Address adres
Drive sürmek
Along boyunca
Two blocks iki sokak
Turn right sağa dön
Turn left sola dön
Come over gel
To visit ziyaret etmek
Birthday doğum günü
Birthday party doğum günü partisi
Wedding evlenme
Funeral cenaze
To bring getirmek
I want to invite you … seni ……..ye/ya davet
etmek istiyorum.
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 2
1. birinci first
2. ikinci second
3. üçüncü third
4. dördüncü fourth
5. beşinci fifth
6. altıncı sixth
7. yedinci seventh
Exercise 14
1. İstanbul, Turkey
2. 30
3. November 23, 1970
4. Doctor
5. Hospital
6. 2
7. 8 years old, May 1, 1996
8. 12 years old
9. April 26, 1992
10. 78
11. November 22, 1926
12. 79
13. August 25, 1925
14. Read books, watch television, and play with the grandchildren
Exercise 15
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1. What is the occasion for the invitation? A birthday party.
2. What is the date? May 6.
3. What time should he arrive? 5:00 or 5:30
4. What is the address?
Yeni Gelin Sokak.Gençler Apartmanı.
Numara 12. Kat 3 Daire 4. Dikilitaş.
5. What directions is he given to get there?
Drive on the main road towards Darphane and turn left. Drive along Darphane two blocks and turn right.
My house is the third house on the right.
6. What should he bring? Nothing.
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Lesson 10
Around the House
Evde
In Turkey, the average apartment for a family of four to five people usually has two or three
bedrooms, a living room, a kitchen, and a bathroom (or sometimes two). People might eat in
their kitchen or living room. Most homes have basic kitchen appliances and other electronics
such as a washing machine, a vacuum cleaner, a dishwasher and an oven.
Usually people design their homes in a simple and functional style. Most people do not have
household items that sit in the house and are not used. Because they have limited room and no
storage, they usually would give away the items that they do not need or do not use. Mostly they
will give those items to people who need them or sell them at a low price. Garage sales, which
are a part of American culture, are not part of the Turkish culture. This is because average
Turkish families do not have as many household items as American families. Only a minority
can afford expensive gadgets used in sports, exercising, camping, etc.
Almost all Turkish people take their shoes off when they go into their homes. Turkish people
love handmade carpets so in most homes people have them in their bedrooms, living rooms
and/or kitchens. Most homes have nice and elegant curtains and lace for their windows. A lot of
people also like having plants in small pots on the windowsills, or in bigger pots in their living
room or on the balcony.
Clothes dryers are not common in Turkey, so most people dry their clothes on clotheslines, and
even in the city, seeing laundry hanging on balconies is a common sight.
Turkish people love watching television so in almost every home there is a TV. It is main form
of entertainment in everyday life. The computer is taking its place as the second most popular
form of entertainment as more people can now afford one. They are especially popular among
young people. Backgammon is also very popular, especially among men. There is a
backgammon set in most Turkish homes.
Turkish people are open to novelties but sometimes it takes a while for them to get used to
something. When they started to sell cell phones in Turkey, the country became one of the best
markets in Europe as the people just loved the gadget and everybody wanted to have one. It is
interesting that although microwave ovens have been marketed for a long time now, not many
homes have them. It may be partly because most Turkish people believe that microwave ovens
might cause cancer or that food heated in microwave ovens will not taste the same.
Turkish society is fast becoming a more consumer-oriented society and as a result the life styles
and traditional homes are changing fast too.
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1. Listen to the vocabulary below and repeat after the speaker.
Bathroom Banyo
Bedroom Yatak odası
Dining room Yemek odası
Door Kapı
Floor Zemin/yer
Window Pencere
Garage Garaj
Roof Çatı
Antenna Anten
Office Ofıs
Basement Bodrum
Yard Avlu
Kitchen Mutfak
Living room Oturma odası
One-story Tek katlı
Two-story İki katlı
First floor Birinci kat
Second floor İkinci kat
2. Match the Turkish words in the left column with their English equivalents in the right
column. Check your answers with the answer key.
1. Banyo A. Basement
2. Yatak odası B. Yard
3. Yemek odası C. Garage
4. Kapı D. Living room
5. Zemin E. Bathroom
6. Pencere F. Kitchen
7. Garaj G. Bedroom
8. Oturma odası H. Door
9. Ofis I. Dining room
10. Bodrum J. Floor
11. Avlu K. Office
12. Mutfak L. Window
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In Turkish one word is used for the phrase “there is/there are”: “var.” The same construction is
used for singular and plural nouns. “Var” also means “(something) exists”.
Examples:
English Turkish
There is a house on that hill. Şu tepede bir ev var.
There are houses on that hill. Şu tepede evler var.
There is a big kitchen in the house. Evde büyük bir mutfak var.
There are two bathrooms in the house. Evde iki banyo var.
Notice also that when we make nouns plural in Turkish normally we add –ler/-lar endings to the
nouns but when we use numbers before nouns they become automatically plural so we do not use
plural endings to make nouns plural in this case.
Examples:
Evde odalar var. (There are rooms in the house.)
Evde iki oda var. (There are two rooms in the house.)
Benim kitaplarım var. (I have books.)
Benim beş kitabım var. (I have five books.)
3. Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks from the list of words written in
the box below. Check your work with the answer key.
garaj yatak odası anten avlu mutfak oturma odası ve yatak odası
1. Çatıda bir___________________var.
2. Ofis ile banyo arasında bir ____________________var.
3. Evin önünde bir _____________________var.
4. ___________________ile __________________arasında bir mutfak var.
4. Draw a plan of your house and recite in Turkish the types of rooms you have and where
they are located. Work in pairs or in small groups.
5. Match the following questions with the correct answers. Check your work with the
answer key.
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“How many” is “Kaç tane” in Turkish. Most of the time the second word “tane” is omitted.
We always use this phrase with singular nouns although the answer may be in singular or plural.
Different from English, the question words “Kaç tane” can take an initial position or a mid
sentence position.
Example:
Turkish English
Evde kaç tane yatak odası var? How many bedrooms are there in the house?
(Or Evde kaç yatak odası var?)
Notice that even if the second part of question word “tane” is omitted, the meaning still is the
same. Also notice that, different than English, we use singular nouns with question word “Kaç
tane”.
6. Pretend that you want to buy a house. Your classmate is a real estate agent. Make up a
dialogue using the model below. Work in pairs or in small groups.
133
7. Familiarize yourself with these terms for furniture and furnishings. Listen and
repeat after the speaker.
134
8. Below is a chart with rooms you would find in a typical home. Under each room, list in
Turkish the furniture and furnishings that you would expect to find there. Some items may
be used more than once.
9. Using the chart above, ask each other questions in Turkish about the furniture in your
home.
Model: 1. What do you have in your kitchen? - I have a stove, (etc.) in my kitchen.
1. Mutfağında neler var? - Mutfağımda bir ocak, bir.... var.
2. What do you have in your dining room? - I have a table, (etc.) in my dining room.
2. Yemek odanda neler var? -Yemek odamda bir masa, bir..... var.
10. Listen and read along as a speaker talks about his home and then answer the
questions about the passage. Check your work with the answer key.
Benim adım Hakan. Ben eşim ve iki çocuğumla İzmir’de yaşıyorum. Bizim iki katlı küçük bir
evimiz var. Babam bizimle yaşıyor. Evin ikinci katında iki yatak odası var, biri iki oğlumuz için
ve biri de babam için. Eşim ve ben birinci kattaki yatak odasında yatıyoruz. İki banyomuz var.
İçinde bir ocak, bir fırın, lavabo ve buzdolabı olan büyük bir mutfağımız var. Mutfakta üzerinde
yemek yediğimiz büyük bir masa var. Bir yemek odamız yok. Oturma odamızda bir kanepe, bir
masa, iki sandalye ve küçük bir televizyon var. Akşam yemekten sonra, ben ve ailem televizyon
izleriz.
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Listen to the speaker and write down the terms that you hear. Check your work
with the answer key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
2. You have a guest in your home. Give him/her answers, in Turkish, to the following
questions.
Banyo nerede?
Mutfak nerede?
Kaç yatak odan var?
Telefon nerede?
Televizyon izleyebilir miyim?
Akşam yemeğini ne zaman yersiniz?
Sabah saat kaçta kalkarsın?
Saat kaçta işe gidersin?
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Vocabulary List
Basement Bodrum
Bathroom Banyo
Bathtub Banyo küveti
Bed Yatak
Bedroom Yatak odası
Bookcase Kitaplık
Chair Koltuk
Closet Dolap
Table Masa
Dining room Yemek odası
Door Kapı
Dresser Şifonyer
Floor Zemin/yer
Garage Garaj
Kitchen Mutfak
Lamp Lamba
Living room Oturma odası
Microwave oven Mikro dalga fırın
One-story Tek katlı
Oven Fırın
Radio Radyo
Carpet Halı
Second floor İkinci kat
Sink Lavabo
Sofa Kanepe
Stove Ocak
Television Televizyon
Toaster Tost makinesi
Toilet Tuvalet
Two-story İki katlı
Window Pencere
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 2
1. E Bathroom Banyo
2. G Bedroom Yatak odası
3. I Dining room Yemek odası
4. H Door Kapı
5. J Floor Zemin
6. L Window Pencere
7. C Garage Garaj
8. D Living room Oturma odası
9. K Office Ofis
10. A Basement Bodrum katı
11. B Yard Avlu
12. F Kitchen Mutfak
Exercise 3
Exercise 5
A 6
B 5
C 2
D 7
E 1
G 3
F 4
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Exercise 10
My name is Hakan. I live with my wife and two children in İzmir. We have a small two-story
house. My father lives with us. The house has two bedrooms on the second floor; one for our two
sons and one for my father. My wife and I sleep in the bedroom on the first floor. We have two
bathrooms. We have a large kitchen with a stove, oven, sink and refrigerator. In the kitchen there
is a large table where we eat. We do not have a dining room. Our living room has a sofa, a table,
two chairs, and a small television. In the evening after dinner, my family and I watch television.
1. banyo
2. lamba
3. lavabo
4. yatak
5. pencere
6. radyo
7. birinci kat
8. çatı
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Lesson 11
Weather and Seasons
Hava Durumu ve Mevsimler
1. Listen to the weather terms as they are read aloud. Repeat the weather terms after the speaker.
2. Match the pictures with the correct weather term. Check your answers with the answer key.
Rüzgar
Güneş
Yağmur
Kar
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3. What do you hear? Circle the terms you hear spoken by the native speaker.
4. Familiarize yourself with the following terms related to the weather. Pause the recording as
many times as you need. Repeat after the speaker.
Temperature Sıcaklık
Fahrenheit Fahrenayt
Celsius Selsiyus
Weather Hava
Weather forecast Hava durumu
Weather report Hava durumu raporu
Winter Kış
Spring Bahar
Summer Yaz
Fall Sonbahar
Clear Açık
Cloudy Bulutlu
Overcast Kapalı
Windy Rüzgarlı
Cold Soğuk
Low temperature Düşük sıcaklık
Freezing Dondurucu
Below freezing Donma noktası altında
Warm Ilık
High temperature Yüksek sıcaklık
Hot Sıcak
Dry Kuru
Sunny Güneşli
Rainy Yağmurlu
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For example:
5. Listen to typical questions and responses about the weather. Repeat them after the speaker.
6. Read the following short dialogues on weather and match each one to a picture below. Check your
work with the answer key.
2. Sıcaklık ne kadar?
(Sıcaklık) 28 selsiyus derece. (Hava) çok ılık ve açık.
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A #____________ B #_______________
7. Work with a partner. Complete the dialogues according to the models in Exercises 5 and 6. Use the
vocabulary given below.
Güneşli yağmurlu sıcak Serin açık sisli kapalı bulutlu Donma noktası ılık kuru
altında
143
8. Work with a partner. Put the given words in a correct order so that you can ask a question and give
an answer about the weather in different places. Check your work with the answer key.
1) sıcak/ haziranda/ İzmir’de/ güneşli / hava/ ve/ midir/ (hava/ güneşlidir/ sıcak/ evet/ İzmir’de/ ve/
haziranda/)
2) ılık/ ekimde/ mıdır/ hava/ Ağrı’da/ (ekimde/ ve/ rüzgarlıdır/ hava/ hayır/ Ağrı’da/ soğuk/)
3) mudur/ Adana’da/ yağmurlu/ hava/ martta/ (Adana’da/ Evet/ yağmurludur/ martta/ hava/ )
9. Listen to the speaker. Transcribe each passage in Turkish, and then translate them into English.
Check your work with the answer key.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
10. Familiarize yourself with the following terms related to weather and natural disasters. Pause
the recording as many times as you need. Repeat after the speaker.
Hurricane Flood
Kasırga Sel
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11. What do you hear? Circle the term you hear spoken by the native speaker. Check your answers
with the answer key.
12. Answer the questions. Check your work with the answer key.
D. Is it a tornado? E Is it lightning?
O bir tayfun mu? O bir yıldırım mı?
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Listen to the following weather report for four different cities in Turkey. In English, fill in the
chart below with the weather and temperature for each city. Pause or replay the audio if needed. Check
your work with the answer key.
Weather Report
2. Listen to the following weather report and answer the questions below. Check your work with
the answer key.
Audio Clip
3. Working in pairs or small groups, describe the pictures. Using the vocabulary you’ve learned in this
lesson; compose a story to match the pictures. Include the season of the year, the name of the month, the
type of weather it seems to be, etc.
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147
Vocabulary List
Weather Hava
Weather forecast Hava durumu/ Hava tahmini
Weather report Hava raporu
Rain Yağmur
Sun Güneş
Wind Rüzgar
Snow Kar
Fog Sis
Lightning Yıldırım
Thunderstorm Gök gürültülü fırtına
Tornado Tayfun
Hurricane clouds Kasırga bulutları
Rainy Yağmurlu
Sunny Güneşli
Cloudy Bulutlu
Freezing Dondurucu
Clear Açık
Temperature Sıcaklık
Fahrenheit Fahrenayt
Celsius Selsiyus
Hot Sıcak
Cold Soğuk
Warm Ilık
Dry Kuru
Overcast Kapalı
Windy Rüzgarlı
Winter Kış
Spring Bahar
Summer Yaz
Fall Sonbahar
High Yüksek
Low Düşük
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 2
Wind Rüzgar
Sun Güneş
Rain Yağmur
Snow Kar
Exercise 3
A. Sun Güneş
B. Wind Rüzgar
C. Clouds Bulutlar
Exercise 6
Exercise 8
1) Is it hot and sunny in İzmir in June? Yes, it is hot and sunny in İzmir in June.
2) Is it warm in Ağrı in November? No. it is cold and windy.
3) Is it rainy in Adana in March? Yes, it is rainy in Adana in March.
Exercise 9
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Exercise 11
Exercise 12
Bu 30 Nisan Pazar günü için hava durumudur. Yarın Ankara’da hava güneşli ve açık olacak. Sıcaklık 28
selsiyus derece olacak. Yarın İstanbul’da hava yağmurlu ve serin olacak. Sıcaklık 20 selsiyus derece olacak.
Yarın Antalya’da hava güneşli ve kuru olacak. Sıcaklık 30 selsiyus derece olacak.
This is the weather forecast for Sunday April 30. Tomorrow it will be sunny and clear in Ankara. The
temperature will be 28 degrees Celsius. Tomorrow in Istanbul, it will be rainy and cool. The temperature will be
20 degrees Celsius. Tomorrow in Antalya, it will be dry and sunny and the temperature will be 30 degrees
Celsius.
Exercise 2
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Bu, İstanbul için 21 Nisan Cuma günkü hava durumudur. Bugünkü hava akşam gök gürültülü ve
fırtınaya dönme olasılığıyla yağmurlu olacak. Yarınki hava sabah bulutlu fakat öğleden sonra güneşli
olacak.Ayrıca rüzgarlı olacak. Bugünkü düşük sıcaklık 8 selsiyus derece, yüksek sıcaklık 18 selsiyus derece
olacak. Cumartesinin yüksek sıcaklığı öğleden sonra 3’te 22 (derece) ve düşük sıcaklık 12 derece olacak.
This is the weather report for İstanbul for Friday the 21st of April. Today’s weather will be rainy with a chance
of a thunderstorm this evening. Tomorrow’s weather will be cloudy in the morning but sunny in the afternoon.
It will also be windy. The low temperature for today will be 8 degrees Celsius with a high temperature of 18.
Saturday’s high temperature will be 22 Celsius at 3:00 in the afternoon and the low temperature will be 12
degrees.
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Lesson 12
Personal Appearance
Kişisel Görünüm
This lesson will introduce you to:
- Physical features (hair color, weight, height, etc.)
- Articles of clothing
- Colors
- Description of a person’s physical appearance, including the clothing
- Appropriate ways to ask about someone’s appearance.
1. Look at the pictures below and familiarize yourself with the new vocabulary. Listen to the
descriptions of people’s appearances.
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2. Look at the pictures below and listen to the descriptions of people’s appearances.
3. Look at the pictures below and familiarize yourself with the new vocabulary describing hair.
Listen to the speaker and repeat as you follow along in the workbook.
Blond Sarışın
Brown Kahverengi
Red Kızıl
Gray Gri
Curly Kıvırcık
Straight Düz
This young woman has short brown hair. This young man also has short brown hair.
Bu genç kadın kısa kahverengi saçlara sahip. Bu genç adam da kısa kahverengi saçlara sahip.
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The young girl has long blond hair. The older man has gray hair.
Bu genç kız uzun sarı saçlara sahip. Bu yaşlı adam gri saçlara sahip.
4. Work with a partner. Look at the pictures and describe each of the people. See if your partner can
correctly identify the body type and their color and style of hair from your description.
5. Look at the pictures below and familiarize yourself with the new vocabulary. Listen to the
speaker and repeat as you follow along in the workbook.
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6. From the lists above, choose the characteristics and adjectives used to describe each feature. Fill in the
chart below in Turkish. Check your answers with the answer key.
7. In each line of text below, cross out the term that does not logically belong. Check your work with the
answer key.
8. Listen to the descriptions of different people’s appearances while reading the following dialogues.
Answer the questions. Check your answers with the answer key.
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Questions:
1. How many people were described?
2. What were their names?
3. What kind of hair does Ayşe have?
4. Does Ali wear glasses?
5. Does Ali have brown eyes?
6. Is Cem short and heavy?
9. Familiarize yourself with the new vocabulary on clothing and colors. Listen and repeat after the
speaker.
Black Siyah
Gray Gri
Green Yeşil
Red Kırmızı
Blue Mavi
Yellow Sarı
White Beyaz
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Green Skirt Purple Dress White Sweat Suit Yellow Shorts
Yeşil etek Mor elbise Beyaz eşofman Sarı şort
10. Match each description with the corresponding picture. Fill in the blank with the correct letter. Note
that there could be more than one match. Check your work with the answer key.
A B C D E
157
1. ……. yaşlı bir kadın.
2. ……. sarı saçlara sahip.
3. ……. uzun kahverengi saçlara sahip.
4. ……. bir gri takım elbise giyiyor.
5. ……. mavi pantolon giyiyor.
6. ……. bir genç anne.
7. ……. uzun ve zayıf.
8. ……. bir sarı elbise giyiyor.
9. ……. bir mavi tişört giyiyor.
10. ..…. kilolu.
11. Translate the following descriptions into English. Check your work with the answer
key.
A. Ece uzun ve zayıf. 30 yaşındadır. Kıvırcık sarı saçlara, yeşil gözlere ve buğday tene sahip.
B. Mehmet uzun ve kiloludur. 45 yaşındadır. Gri saçlara, mavi gözlere ve açık tene sahiptir.
D. Bir genç kız 10 yaşındadır. O uzun ve zayıf. Uzun kahverengi saçlara, kahverengi gözlere ve
koyu tene sahip.
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Describe the people you see in the pictures. For each person, include the approximate age, skin tone,
color and length of hair, and what he/she is wearing.
1 2 3
4 5 6
2. Come up with a simple description for each of the people listed below. (You may substitute any
individual you wish for those listed.) Be sure to include hair color and length, approximate height and
age, eye color, and skin tone.
Example:
My mother is 63 years old. She is tall and has a medium frame. She has short, gray hair and brown eyes. She has
light skin. She wears glasses.
A. Mother
B. Father
C. Co-worker
D. President of the United States
E. Your next door neighbor
3. Work in pairs. Pretend that you and your partner are roommates. When you went to the store,
someone came to visit you. Now you are back. Ask your roommate questions about that person’s
appearance. Your partner will describe the visitor. In Turkish, say how he/she looks (Is he/she tall or
short? Heavy or thin? What kind of hair does he/she have? What was he wearing? What color were the
clothes?).
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Vocabulary List
Average Orta
Beard Sakal
Black Siyah
Blond Sarışın
Blue Mavi
Blue jeans Mavi kot pantolon
Boots Bot
Brown Kahverengi
Color Renk
Curly Kıvırcık
Dark Kara
Dress Elbise
Ears Kulaklar
Eyes Gözler
Face Yüz
Frame Yapı
Glasses Gözlük
Gray Gri
Green Yeşil
Hair Saç
Hat Şapka
Jacket Ceket
Large Büyük
Light Açık
Man Adam
Medium Orta
Mouth Ağız
Nose Burun
Old Yaşlı
Pants Pantolon
Red Kırmızı
Shirt Gömlek
Shoes Ayakkabı
Short Kısa
Skin Ten
Skirt Etek
Small Küçük
Straight Düz
Suit Takım elbise
Sweater Kazak
Sweats Eşofman
Tall Uzun
Thin Zayıf
To wear Giymek
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T-shirt Tişört
White Beyaz
Woman Kadın
Yellow Sarı
Young Genç
161
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 6
Exercise 7
Exercise 8
Exercise 10
1. D is an old woman.
2. E has blond hair.
3. B has long brown hair.
4. A is wearing a gray suit
5. E is wearing blue pants.
6. C is a young mother.
7. C is tall and thin.
8. C is wearing a yellow dress.
9. B is wearing a blue t-shirt.
10. A is heavy.
Exercise 11
1. Ece is tall and thin. She is 30 years old. She has blond curly hair, green eyes, and fair skin.
2. Mehmet is tall and heavy. He is 45 years old. He has short gray hair, blue eyes, and light skin.
3. The soldier has dark short hair. He is short and thin.
4. A young girl is 10 years old. She is tall and thin. She has long brown hair, brown eyes, and dark skin.
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Lesson 13
Transportation
Ulaşım
It is fairly easy to travel in Turkey whether by plane, bus, train or private car.
Daily flights are scheduled between major cities such as İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir, Adana,
Antalya, Samsun, Diyarbakır and Van. The biggest airline is the state owned Turkish Airlines
(THY) and it has flights to most of the capitols and big cities in the world. A few private charter
and local airlines have been established recently.
The most common form of local transportation is the bus. It is commonly used within city limits
as well as between cities. Departures are frequent, but you will need a reservation if you are
traveling intercity. Buses running intercity are quite modern and service quality is high. It is
possible to travel to every corner of the country by bus. There are also private run bus lines and
small mini-buses called “Dolmuş.”
Besides buses, most large cities have a variety of public transportation that includes subways,
ferries, and taxis. It is quite easy to get a taxi on the roadside or, through a phone call, to your
front door.
Private transportation is common in big cities. Around 20% of the population owns their vehicles
and this number is increasing.
163
1. Listen and repeat the following words as you read along.
Grammar Note: The verbs ‘to walk,’ ‘to drive,’ and ‘to ride.’
164
2. Listen to the questions and answers about using different forms of transportation.
Repeat after the speaker as you read along.
by car arabayla
by bus otobüsle
by train trenle
I go by bicycle Ben bisikletle giderim.
by boat botla
by motorcycle motorsikletle
by truck kamyonla
car arabaya
bus otobüse
I train Ben trene binerim.
take bicycle bisiklete
the boat bota
motorcycle motorsiklete
truck kamyona
I walk Ben yürürüm.
Grammar Note
Model: who + the verb of motion + mode of transportation + destination
Example: I ride a bus to school.
Model : kim (who) + varılacak yer (destination) + ulaşım yolu (mode of transportation) + ile (by)
+ hareket fiili (the verb of motion)
Örnek: Ben okula otobüs ile giderim.
Grammar Note: The preposition “by” in English corresponds to “ile” in Turkish. The “ile”
proposition follows the mode of transportation.
For example: by bus = otobüs ile.
by train = tren ile
The preposition “ile” often joins the previous word and becomes the –le or -la suffix depending
on the vowel of the last syllable in the preceding word. Here is the rule:
* If the last syllable contains a, ı, o or u, the preposition “ile” becomes the suffix –la
* If the last syllable contains e, i, ö or ü, the preposition “ile” becomes the suffix –le
Examples:
English Turkish (separate) Turkish (as suffix)
by boat bot ile botla
by taxsi taksi ile taksiyle (ile becomes yle to mathe transition smooth as taksi ends with a vowel)
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3. Read each statement below and match it with the correct picture. Check your work with
the answer key.
1 2 3
4 5 6
4. Practice creating complete sentences out of the words below. Use the following model.
Model: who + destination + mode of transportation + the verb of motion.
ben, motorsiklet, erkek kardeşim, binmek, -e,-a , okul, bisiklet, anne-babamız, araba,
havaalanı, tren, konser, kütüphane, arkadaşım, sürmek, taksi, otobüs, yürümek
If you want to ask a stranger for directions you would greet him and use the above model.
For example, if you want to go to the Akbank branch (a private bank in Turkey), you would say:
- Merhaba, Ben Akbank şubesine nasıl giderim? (Hello. How can I get to the Akbank branch?)
- Karşıdaki dolmuşa bin. (Get on the minibus accross the street.)
- Tesekkür ederim. (Thank you.)
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5. Listen to and read along with the following exchanges. Repeat after the speaker.
6. Working with a partner, make up similar exchanges. Use the words from Exercise 5 and
the pictures below to choose the destination.
7. Now listen to three passages and transcribe what you hear in Turkish. Then
translate each passage into English. Check your answers with the answer key.
1.
2.
3.
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At a service station
8. Familiarize yourself with the following vocabulary. Listen to the speaker and
follow along in your book.
Gas Benzin
Gas station Benzin istasyonu
Service station Servis istasyonu
Diesel Dizel
Car wash Araba yıkama
Oil Yağ
Tires Tekerler
Air Hava
Water Su
Flat tire Patlamış teker
9. Listen to the people at a service station and find out what each needs. Circle the
English equivalents of the terms you hear. Check your answers with the answer key.
168
10. Familiarize yourself with these terms identifying infrastructure.
Road Yol
Highway Otoyol
Freeway Çevreyolu
Local road Yerel yol
Railroad Tren yolu
169
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Tell how you would get to the following places using various modes of transportation.
Try to make your story interesting and include as many details as you can.
2. Listen and write down the responses to the questions below. Check your work with
the answer key.
170
Vocabulary List
Air Hava
Airplane Uçak
Bicycle Bisiklet
Boat Bot
Bus Otobüs
Car Araba
Car wash Araba yıkama
Concert Konser
Diesel Dizel
Ferry boat Feribot
Freeway Çevre yolu
Gallon Galon
Gas Benzin
Helicopter Helikopter
Highway Otoyol
Library Kütüphane
Liter Litre
Local road Yerel yol
Motorcycle Motorsiklet
Oil Yağ
Railroad Tren yolu
Service station Servis istasyonu
School Okul
Ship Gemi
Taxi Taksi
Tire/tires Teker/tekerler
Train Tren
Truck Kamyon
Water Su
Work İş
171
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 3
Exercise 5
Exercise 7
172
Exercise 9
A. Air Tires
B. Gas Oil
C. Gas Car Wash
D. Diesel Oil
A. Hava Tekerler
B. Benzin Yağ
C. Benzin Araba Yıkama
D. Dizel Yağ
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Lesson 14
Travel
Seyahat
Travelling in Turkey
You can reserve a ticket for the bus by calling the bus station and providing your identification. There aren’t
any class distinctions on buses within the same travel company, however, the quality and prices change from
company to company. Therefore, it is a good idea to call several companies before deciding.
The state-owned company TCDD (Railroads Administration of Turkish Republic) runs the railroads and
provides a good means of transportion between big cities. There is a classification and quality difference
between lines. The economy class includes only a seat for a ticket while first and second-class trains may
include food service, a light bed and even a private compartment. You can buy tickets at train stations, on the
phone or on the Internet.
Turkish Airlines (THY) services the major domestic routes. Several private airlines fly between highly
populated cities. It is possible to reserve and buy tickets at a travel agency, on the phone or on the Internet. The
economy class, restricted economy class and business class tickets vary in prices. The travel date and season are
two other factors affecting prices.
174
Grammar Note: Buying a ticket
When you buy a ticket:
Ticket = Bilet
To buy = Satın almak
To depart = kalkmak
Can I buy a ticket to Istanbul? İstanbul’a bir bilet satın alabilir miyim?
When does the train depart? Tren ne zaman kalkar?
1. Listen to the following dialogue about buying a ticket at a train station, and read along in the
workbook.
The verb “binmek” can be used with every type of vehicle. It is a general verb of motion that can mean to get
in, to get on, to board, to ride, etc., depending on the vehicle.
For example:
Turkish English
Ali arabaya bindi. Ali got in the car.
Cem gemiye binecek. Cem will board the ship.
Bisiklete binerim. I ride the bicycle.
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Examples for the usage of the verbs “depart”, “arrive”, “leave”, “come back”, and “return”:
Turkish English
Uçağın ne zaman kalkıyor? When is your plane departing? (Uçak = plane)
Tren Haydar Paşa istasyonuna varacak. The train will arrive at Haydar Paşa station.
Otobüs beş dakika icinde kalkıyor. The bus is leaving in five minutes.
Cengiz yarın otele geri gelecek. Cengiz will come back to the hotel tomorrow.
Feribot limana döndü. The ferry returned to the port.
The suffixes –meli/-malı are appended to the root of the verb to give the meaning that you “must/have to” do it.
Here is the rule to select –meli or –malı:
* If the last syllable contains e, i, ö or ü, the suffix –meli is used.
* If the last syllable contains a, ı, o or u, the suffix –malı is used.
2. Read the dialogue with a partner. Take turns being the Ticket Seller and Soldier.
3. Role-play the dialogue. You can substitute the name of a city where you need to buy a ticket to, the
time and day of arriving and departing, and the price of the ticket.
In order to conjugate a verb in future tense, the suffixes –ecek/-acak are appended to the verb before the
personal suffixes. Here are the rules:
* If the last syllable contains e, i, ö or ü, the suffix –ecek is used.
* If the last syllable contains a, ı, o or u, the suffix –acak is used.
Examples:
English Turkish (as suffix)
Cezmi will come tomorrow. Cezmi yarın gelecek.
She will leave İstanbul next year. O gelecek yıl İstanbul’dan ayrılacak.
Infinitive (in English) Infinitive (in Turkish) Verb root (in English) Verb root (in Turkish)
to come gelmek come gel
to leave ayrılmak leave ayrıl
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The infinitive “to come” is “gelmek” in Turkish. The root of the verb is “gel” and this root form is used in
conjugations. The same rule is true for all verbs in Turkish. The conjugation table for the verb “gel” in future
tense is below:
Attention, passengers! The next express train to İstanbul will depart from platform 10 in 15 minutes.
Yolcuların dikkatine! İstanbul’a bir sonraki expres tren on numaralı perondan onbeş dakika içinde kalkacaktır.
Attention, passengers! The next local train will arrive at platform 10 in 5 minutes.
Yolcuların dikkatine! Bir sonraki yerel tren on numaralı perona beş dakika içinde varacaktır.
Attention, passengers! Flight number 92 from İzmir will be one hour late. Please check the schedule for
updates.
Yolcuların dikkatine! İzmir’den gelen doksaniki numaralı uçak bir saat gecikecektir.Lütfen güncellemeler için
zaman çizelgesini kontrol ediniz.
Attention, passengers! The bus from Ankara will arrive at terminal 3 in 10 minutes.
Yolcuların dikkatine! Ankara’dan gelen otobüs üç numaralı terminale on dakika içinde varacaktır.
5. Match each picture with the correct Turkish term by writing the term below the correct picture.
Check your work with the answer key.
177
D _______________ E _______________ F _______________
G _______________ H _______________
Yolcular Bilet
Bagaj Resepsiyon/Bilet Kontrol
Peron/Platform Bekleme yeri
Zaman çizelgesi Kapı
7. Fill in the blanks with the correct term from the list below. Check your answers with the answer key.
Dikkat
Bagaj talep yeri
Ekspres
Birinci sınıf
Peron/platform
Zaman çizelgesi
İkinci sınıf
178
Gişe
Kapı
8. For each question below, there is a corresponding answer. Match them by writing the letter of each
question on the blank line in front of the appropriate answer. Check your answers with the answer key.
9. Role-play the short dialogues from Exercise 8. Change the cities and numbers.
10. What do you hear? Listen to the speaker and write down what you hear. Check your work with
the answer key.
1.
2.
3.
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At border crossings and roadblocks
Border Sınır
Customs Gümrük
Checkpoint Kontrol noktası
Roadblock Bariyer / yol engeli
Passport Pasaport
Drivers’ license Ehliyet
Documents Belgeler
Papers Evraklar
ID card Kimlik kartı
Show me Bana göster
Give me Bana ver
Search Arama
Inspect Teftiş
Inspection Teftiş etmek
Trunk (of a car) Bagaj (bir arabanın)
Proceed İlerle
Rental (car) Kiralık (araba)
Citizen Vatandaş
12. At roadblocks and border crossings, officials usually ask questions about driver identification and
vehicle documents. Try to match up the Turkish border crossing requests and questions with their
English equivalents. Check your work with the answer key.
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13. Listen to and read the following dialogue at a border crossing, and then answer the questions
below. Try to guess the meaning of unknown words from the context. Check your work with the answer
key.
14. Work with a partner. Take turns to role-play the Customs Official and the Car Driver.
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Translate the following sentences into English. Check your work with the answer key.
D. 34 (otuz dört) nolu tren peron üçten beş dakika içinde kalkıyor.
2. Work with a partner or in a small group. Look at the pictures and come up with the story. Do you
think these people are arriving or departing? Do you think they are on time? Is their flight late?
Mention their names, age, profession, what they are wearing, and where and why they need to fly or
where they are arriving from. Also, tell how they got to the airport (by car, by bus, by train).
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Vocabulary List
Arriving/Arrivals Gelen/Gelenler
Attention Dikkat
Baggage Bagaj
Border Sınır
Bus station Otobüs istasyonu
Checked Kontrol edilmiş
Checkpoint Kontrol noktası
Citizen Vatandaş
Customs Gümrük
Delay/ed Gecikme /Gecikmis
Departing/Departures Giden/Gidenler
Documents Belgeler
Driver’s license Ehliyet
Express Ekspres
First class Birinci sınıf
Flight Uçuş
Fly Uçma
Give me … Bana verin
ID card Kimlik kartı
Inspect Teftiş
Inspection Teftiş etmek
Inspector Müfettiş
Late Geç
One-way Tek yön
On-time Zamanında
Papers Evraklar
Passenger Yolcular
Passport Pasaport
Platform Peron/platform
Proceed İlerle
Rental car Kiralık araba
Roadblock Bariyer / Yol engeli
Roundtrip Gidiş-geliş
Schedule Zaman çizelgesi
Second class İkinci sınıf
Show me …. Bana gösterin…
Terminal Terminal / Otogar
Ticket Bilet
Ticket window Gişe
To board Binmek
To leave Kalkmak / ayrılmak
To return/come back Geri dönmek/Geri gelmek
Train station Tren istasyonu
Trunk (of a car) Bagaj (bir arabanın)
183
Update Güncelleme
Waiting area Bekleme yeri
Window seat Pencere kenarı
184
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 5
Exercise 7
Exercise 8
Exercise 10
3. Bir sonraki ekspres tren 15 (on beş) numaralı perondan 10 (on) dakika içinde kalkacak.
The next express train will depart from platform 15 in 10 minutes.
185
Exercise 12
1. D
2. E
3. F
4. C
5. A
6. B
Exercise 13
186
Lesson 15
At School
Okulda
Education in Turkey is planned, operated, managed, controlled and financed by the state.
The Ministry of National Education (Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı) is the responsible ministry for
all education except for military, health and agricultural education. Pre-school education is
voluntary for children aged three to five. Compulsory education for both boys and girls
begins at the age of six and lasts eight years. The first five years are elementary school and
the next three years are middle school.
Compulsory education aims to equip children with core competencies such as basic math,
science, art, religion, culture and Turkish language. Secondary education follows primary
education and covers general, vocational and technical high schools providing at least three
years of education. A variety of courses such as intermediate math, science, social sciences,
geography, history, psychology, philosophy, languages and computer skills improvement
are offered.
Higher education institutions are universities, faculties, institutes, higher education schools,
conservatories, higher vocational education schools and application and research centers.
The students are prepared for professional life with up-to-date curriculums in fields such
as engineering, law, medicine, science and teaching. Large numbers of students register
with the Open University each year and pursue a distant learning program. The average
level of education in Turkey is high school. However, the number of students interested in
higher education is increasing every year.
187
1. Familiarize yourself with the new vocabulary. Listen to the speaker and read the
passages under each picture.
Students study chemistry First grade students Students will study art in this
in middle school. read a textbook. class.
Öğrenciler orta okulda Birinci sınıf öğrencileri Öğrenciler bu derste resim
kimya çalışırlar. bir ders kitabı okurlar. sanatını çalışırlar.
There is a book, a
notebook, and a There is a desk and a Students write with pens and
calculator. chair in the classroom. pencils.
Bir kitap, bir defter ve bir Sınıfta masa ve bir Öğrenciler tükenmez ve kurşun
hesap makinesi var. sandalye var. kalemlerle yazarlar.
188
2. Work with a partner. Look around the classroom. Name the items you see.
class sınıf
desk masa
chair sandalye
blackboard kara tahta
chalk tebeşir
pen tükenmez kalem
pencil kurşun kalem
notebook defter
computer bilgisayar
printer yazıcı
keyboard klavye
monitor ekran
teacher öğretmen
student öğrenci
3. Working with a partner, name the items you bring with you to class and the items
found in your classroom.
189
4. Listen to the dialogue while you read along in the workbook. Underline the new
vocabulary.
What subjects do you study? Math, biology, music, literature, and history.
Hangi dersleri çalışırsın? Matematik, biyoloji, müzik, edebiyat ve tarih.
What will you do after school? I will go to the college; I want to be a doctor .
Okuldan sonra ne yapacaksın? Ben üniversiteye gidecegim; doktor olmak istiyorum.
What do you like to do after school? After school I like to listen to music.
Okuldan sonra ne yapmaktan hoşlanırsın? Okuldan sonra müzik dinlemekten hoşlanırım.
5. Listen to and read along with some of the new words you should have underlined
in Exercise 4.
grade sınıf
subject ders
favorite favori
subject ders
math matematik
biology biyoloji
music müzik
literature edebiyat
history tarih
college üniversite
like hoşlanmak
listen to dinlemek
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Grammar Note
To conjugate the verb “hoşlanmak” for a particular subject, please refer to Lesson 4.
Examples: Örnekler:
Ahmet likes to study math. Ahmet matematik çalışmaktan hoşlanır.
Fırat likes to listen to music Fırat okuldan sonra müzik dinlemekten hoşlanır.
after school.
Ece likes to read in the evenings. Ece akşamları okumaktan hoşlanır.
We like to speak Turkish in our class. Biz sınıfta Türkçe konuşmaktan hoşlanırız.
6. Work with a partner. Come up with a dialogue similar to the one in Exercise 4. List
your favorite subjects, say how good you think you are at each of them, tell what profession
you are going to choose, and say what you like to do after school.
7. Familiarize yourself with the new vocabulary. Listen to the speaker as you go
over the dialogue.
191
8. Pretend you are a teacher. Give directions for your students to follow. Use the
expressions from Exercise 7.
9. Listen to the following questions and write down the answers that you hear. Check
your answers with the answer key.
1. Okulda ne yaparsın?
2. Hangi sınıftasın?
10. Working with a partner, come up with similar dialogues using expressions from
Exercise 9.
11. Working in small groups, describe the following pictures. Come up with ages for the
students and the teacher, their names, the subjects they study/teach, what they’re doing
right now, what they are wearing, if they seem to like their class and their teacher, etc.
192
12. Listen to and read the following text about the student’s schedule, and then
answer the questions below. The new word “busy” is introduced in the text. Try to guess
this and other new words from the context. Check your work with the answer key.
193
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Go over the text from Exercise 12 again. Tell the class about your schedule. Use the
questions after the text as an outline for your story.
2. Look at the pictures and tell a story about what you see. Include the grade the students
are in, the subjects they are studying, what the teacher is doing, what the students and
teachers are wearing, etc.
194
3. Read the compare following texts and find the errors in the English translations. Make
corrections so that the translation is accurate. Check your work with the answer key.
1. A. Adım Deniz Yaşar. Ben İzmir’liyim, ama şimdi İstanbul’da yaşıyorum. Ben altıncı
sınıftayım. Ben birçok arkadaşa sahibim. Ben İngilizce’den, okumaktan ve
basketboldan hoşlanırım.
B. My name is Deniz Yaşar. I’m from İzmir, but now I live in İstanbul. I’m in fifth grade.
I have many friends. I like music, reading, and basketball.
2. A. Adım Aysun Tuncer. Ben Ankara’lıyım, ama Adana’da yaşıyorum. Ben matematik ve
fen bilgisinden hoşlanıyorum.
3. A. Adım Tuncay. Ben 8 (sekiz) Nisan 1989 (bin dokuz yüz seksen dokuz ) da
doğdum.Ben sekizinci sınıftayım. Ben müzik dersini, resim (sanat) ve fotoğrafçılıktan
hoşlanıyorum. Ben bir sanatçı, bir doktor ya da bir fotoğrafçı olmak istiyorum.
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Vocabulary List
Art Sanat
Basketball Basketbol
Biology Biyoloji
Blackboard Kara tahta
Busy Meşgul / yoğun
Chair Sandalye
Chalk Tebeşir
Chemistry Kimya
Class Sınıf
College/University Üniversite
Computer Bilgisayar
Desk Masa
Elementary School İlkokul
English İngilizce
Grade Sınıf
High School Lise
History Tarih
Homework Ödev
Literature Edebiyat
Math Matematik
Middle School Ortaokul
Music Müzik
Notebook Defter
Pen Tükenmez kalem
Pencil Kurşun kalem
Photography Fotoğrafçılık
Reading Okuma
Student Öğrenci
Subject(s) Ders(ler)
Tape recorder Ses kayıt cihazı
Teacher Öğretmen
To like Hoşlanmak
To read Okumak
To study Çalışmak
To write Yazmak
Listen to the recording Kaydı dinleyin ve not alın.
and take notes.
Put your pencils down. Kurşun kalemlerinizi bırakın.
Write your answer on the Cevaplarınızı kara tahtaya yazın.
blackboard.
Open your textbooks. Ders kitaplarınızı açın.
Raise your hand! Elinizi kaldırın!
Write down your Lütfen, ödevinizi yazın.
homework, please
196
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 9
Exercise 12
197
My name is Yasemin Yılmaz. I am a student at Bosphorus University (Boğaziçi Üniversitesi). I
study English. I want to be an interpreter. I have a busy schedule. On Monday, Wednesday, and
Friday, I go to school at 8:00. After school, at 4:00pm, I go to work. I work at a restaurant as a
waitress. After work, at 10 pm, I go home. On Tuesday and Thursday, I go to class at 10am.
After school, at 12:00, I go to the library. I study at the library for three hours in the afternoon. I
do my homework on the weekends and in the mornings.
1. My name is Deniz Yaşar. I’m from İzmir, but now I live in İstanbul. I’m in sixth grade.
I have many friends. I like English, reading, and basketball.
2. My name is Aysun Tuncer. I’m from Ankara, but I live in Adana. I like math and science.
198
Lesson 16
Recreation and Leisure
Eğlence ve boş zaman
1. Read the sentences with the new vocabulary and try to guess the meaning of any
unknown words.
Bu Andrew. Onun hobisi futboldur. Bu adam dağlarda kayak yapar. Benim arkadaşım
Kayak yapmak onun hobisidir. Sandy dersi bitince
her öğleden sonra
koşar.
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Erkek kardeşim bovling oyunundan Eğer hava iyiyse, çocuklar yazın Bu genç adam kortta
hoşlanır. Bu onun hobisidir. hergün yüzerler. tenis oynar.
Iki asker satranç oynarlar. Bu onların hobisidir. Bu adam gitar çalar ve şarkı söyler.
200
2. Now listen to the speaker. Check to see if you had made correct guesses. Repeat
the new words as many times as you need to feel comfortable with the pronunciation.
Play Oynamak
Cards İskambil kartları
To ski Kayak yapmak
Hobby Hobi
To dance Dans etmek
Tennis Tenis
Tennis Court Tenis kortu
Play piano Piyano çalmak
Musician Müzisyen
To take photos Fotoğraf çekmek
Photographer Fotoğrafçı
To play guitar Gitar çalmak
To sing Şarkı söylemek
Songs Şarkılar
Chess Satranç
To walk Yürümek
To swim Yüzmek
Swimming pool Yüzme havuzu
To run Koşmak
To bowl Bovling oynamak
Soccer Futbol
To paint Boya ile resim yapmak
201
3. What does she do today? O bugün ne yapar?
A. I like to run and take pictures. A. Ben koşmaktan ve fotoğraf çekmekten hoşlanırım.
B. I like to read and swim. B. Ben okumaktan ve yüzmekten hoşlanırım.
C. I like to walk and play soccer. C. Ben yürümekten ve futbol oynamaktan hoşlanırım.
5. Work with a partner or in a small group. Make up exchanges using the models and
phrases from Exercise 3.
6. Reconstruct the questions in Turkish. Check your work with the answer key.
A. …………………….?
B. …………………….?
C.……………………?
202
D. ……………………?
E. ……………………?
F. …………………….?
English Turkish
from … to … … -den/-ten/-dan/-tan … –e/-a kadar
You can use “… -den … -e kadar” for specifying ranges such as time, places, etc. They are
suffixes in Turkish. Depending on the word they attach to, they can change slightly.
Here are the rules for determining which ending (–den/-dan/-ten or –tan) to use:
If the last syllable of the suffixed word contains ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘ö’ or ‘ü’, the suffix –den is used.
However, if the last letter of the word is ‘f’, ‘ç’, ‘h’, ‘p’, ‘k’, ‘s’, ‘ş’ or ‘t’, then the suffix
becomes –ten.
If the last syllable of the suffixed word contains ‘a’, ‘ı’, ‘o’ or ‘u’, the suffix –dan is used.
However, if the last letter of the word is ‘f’, ‘ç’, ‘h’, ‘p’, ‘k’, ‘s’, ‘ş’ or ‘t’, then the suffix
becomes –tan.
Examples
English Turkish
From two İkiden
From home Evden (home = ev)
From Yozgat Yozgat’tan (Yozgat is a city in Turkey)
From the bus Otobüsten
Here are the rules for determining whether –e or –a is used in the second part of the phrase:
If the last syllable contains ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘ö’ or ‘ü’, the suffix –e is used.
If the last character of the word is a vowel, the buffer character ‘y’ goes in between and the
suffix becomes –ye.
If the last syllable contains ‘a’, ‘ı’, ‘o’ or ‘u’, the suffix –a is used.
203
If the last character of the word is a vowel, the buffer character ‘y’ goes in between and the
suffix becomes –ya.
Examples:
English Turkish
to eight sekize kadar
to the car arabaya kadar (car = araba)
to Ankara Ankara’ya kadar (note the buffer y)
to the corner köşeye kadar (corner = köşe)
(note the buffer y)
The use of ‘too’ and ‘also’ is similar to English except that ‘too’ is a suffix and ‘also’ is a
proposition in Turkish.
English Turkish
too de, da (This suffix is not attached to the preceding word)
also ayrıca
Examples:
English Turkish
I like soccer. I like tennis, too. Ben futboldan hoşlanırım. Ben tenisten de hoşlanırım.
204
7. Read and translate the following text, noting the new vocabulary. Do you understand all
the bolded words? Review the grammar notes for clarification of the new phrases. Check
the answer key for an English translation.
Benim adım Cihan Kalan. Ben Ankara’lıyım. Ben Ankara’da Ankara Üniversitesi’ne gidiyorum.
Ben derslerim ve hobilerimle çok yoğunum. Ben bilgisayar bilimleri bölümündeyim, ve
üniversitenin futbol takımında oynuyorum. Hergün sabah 8:30 dan öğleden sonra 3:00 e
kadar derslerim var. Okuldan sonra hergün 4:00 ten 6:00 ya kadar futbol çalışmam var. Futbol
oynamaktan hoşlanırım. Arkadaşlarımla ben haftasonlarında da oynarız. Ayrıca yüzmekten ve
gitar çalmaktan hoşlanırım. Gitarda çok iyi değilim. Bu haftasonu arkadaşlarımla ben İstanbul’a
stadyumdaki konsere gideceğiz. Favori şarkıcımız konser verecek. Konserden sonra bir restorana
gidip yemek yiyeceğiz.
8. Now read the above text as many times as you want and mark the following statements
as either True or False. Check your work with the answer key.
9. Working with a partner or in a small group, come up with a description for a busy
schedule. Use the statements from Exercise 8 as an outline for your story. The pictures
given below can help you to choose the activities to describe.
205
Cultural Note
Although it is not unique to Turkish people, the youth and elderly in Turkey like to play checkers
a lot. It is called “tavla” in Turkish and people play at home, in cafes and at clubs. Turkish
people also enjoy playing the bağlama/saz, which is called the Turkish guitar, and singing songs.
Below is a picture of a bağlama.
206
10. Listen to the vocabulary as you look at the pictures. Try to match the Turkish
words with the pictures. Check your answers with the answer key.
1 2 3
4 5 6
Yüzme Havuzu
Futbol Sahası
Tenis Kortu
Bovling Salonu
Jimnastik Salonu
Stadyum
11. Read the statements below and think about their meanings. Cross out the words or
phrases that do not make sense, and replace them with an appropriate word from the list
below. Check your work with the answer key.
207
12. Listen to the statements and and transcribe what you hear. Try translating each
one into English. Check your answers with the answer key.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
13. Work with a partner. Look at the pictures and make up dialogues about these hobbies.
Use the models and phrases from Exercise 12.
208
End-of-Lesson Tasks.
2. Work with a partner or in a small group. In Turkish, describe the pictures below, using
the vocabulary you have learned in this lesson.
209
Vocabulary List
Bowling alley Bovling salonu
Bowling Bovling
Cards İskambil
Chess Satranç
Computer science Bilgisayar bilimleri
Gymnasium Jimnastik salonu
Hobby Hobi
Paint pictures Resim yapmak
Playing field Oyun sahası
To bowl Bovling oynamak
To dance Dans etmek
To play chess, cards Satranç, dama, iskambil
kartlari oynamak
To play soccer, volleyball Futbol, voleybol oynamak
To play a piano, a guitar Piyano, gitar çalmak
To run Koşmak
To sing Şarkı söylemek
To ski Kayak yapmak
To swim Yüzmek
To take pictures Fotoğraf çekmek
Soccer field Futbol sahası
Songs Şarkılar
Stadium Stadyum
Swimming pool Yüzme havuzu
Tennis Tenis
Tennis court Tenis kortu
210
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 6
Exercise 7
Exercise 8
Exercise 10
211
Exercise 11
Incorrect:
A. Öğrenciler tenis kortunda voleybol oynarlar.
B. Çocuklar stadyumda yüzerler.
C. Kızlar bovling oynamaya dağlara giderler.
D. Arkadaşlarım koşmak için bovling salonuna giderler.
E. Erkek çocukları yüzme havuzunda futbol oynarlar.
Correct:
A. Öğrenciler jimnastik salonunda voleybol oynarlar.
A. The students play volleyball in the gymnasium.
Exercise 12
212
Lesson 17
Health and the Human Body
Sağlık ve İnsan Vücudu
This lesson will introduce you to:
- Vocabulary related to the human body
- Asking questions about a person’s state of health
- Answering questions about health conditions
- Typical exchanges at the doctor’s office.
1. Listen as the speaker recites the vocabulary. Then study the diagram and match
the Turkish terms for each body part with the diagram.
1. 2
3
4 5
6 22
7 8 21
9
10
11
12 13
14 15
16
17
18
19 20
213
Hand El
Abdomen Karın Head Baş
Arm Kol Hip Kalça
Back Sırt Knee Diz
Chest Göğüs Leg Bacak
Chin Çene Mouth Ağız
Ear Kulak Neck Boyun
Elbow Dirsek Nose Burun
Eye Göz Pelvis/groin Leğen/Kasık
Face Yüz Shoulder Omuz
Fingers El parmakları Stomach Mide/Karın
Foot/Feet Ayak/Ayaklar Toes Ayak parmakları
Genitals Cinsel organlar Tooth/Teeth Diş/Dişler
Hair Saç Waist Bel
2. In Turkish, name the body parts that come in pairs. Check your work with the answer
key.
3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate body part in Turkish. Check your answers with
the answer key.
214
Grammar Note: The verbs ‘to feel’ and ‘to be sick’
The verb “hissetmek” is always used with reflexive pronouns. “Kendi” is the root reflexive
pronoun and it is conjugated according to the subject.
English Turkish
myself kendimi
yourself kendini
himself/herself/itself kendini
ourselves kendimizi
yourselves kendinizi
themselves kendilerini
Examples,
English Turkish
I feel (myself) well. Kendimi iyi hissediyorum. (well = iyi)
He feels (himself) well. Kendini iyi hissediyor.
They feel (themselves) well. Kendilerini iyi hissediyorlar.
How does she feel (herself) today? Kendini bugün nasıl hissediyor?
She feels (herself) tired. Kendini yorgun hissediyor. (tired = yorgun)
The verb to be sick (hasta olmak) is conjugated like a regular “to be” (olmak) verb in Turkish.
The second part “olmak” drops. The tense and personal pronoun suffixes are attached to the first
part.
Examples,
English Turkish
I am sick. Ben hastayım. (olmak drops)
You are sick. Sen hastasın.
He/she/it is sick. O hasta.
We are sick. Biz hastayız.
You are sick. (plural) Siz hastasınız.
They are sick. Onlar hastalar.
215
How do you feel? I feel sick.
Kendini nasıl hissediyorsun? Kendimi hasta hissediyorum.
I feel weak.
Kendimi zayıf hissediyorum.
I feel bad.
Kendimi kötü hissediyorum.
I have a fever.
Benim ateşim var.
I have a headache.
Benim baş ağrım var.
My back hurts.
Sırtım ağrıyor.
My stomach hurts.
Karnım ağrıyor.
4. Listen to the following questions and answers and read along in the workbook.
216
F. Are you sick? No, I’m pregnant.
Hasta mısın? Hayır, hamileyim.
G. Are you OK? I don’t feel good. I feel nauseous and have a stomachache.
İyi misin? Kendimi iyi hissetmiyorum. Midem bulanıyor ve karnım
ağrıyor.
6. Match each picture with the corresponding statement. Check your work with the
answer key.
A B C
7. Work with a partner. Role-play the doctor and patient. Use the questions from
Exercise 5 as a model. Use the phrases from Exercise 6 to describe your symptoms.
8. Listen to and read the list of the typical symptoms for each ailment.
Flu Grip
Fever Ateş
Congestion Tıkanıklık
Sore throat Boğaz ağrısı
Body aches Vücut ağrıları
Sneezing Hapşırık
Coughing Öksürük
217
Head cold Baş nezlesi
Congestion Tıkanıklık
Sore Throat Boğaz ağrısı
Sneezing Hapşırık
Coughing Öksürük
Severe Pain Şiddetli ağrı
Sprain Burkulma
Bruise Çürük
Swelling Şişme
Pain Ağrı
9. Look at the chart of symptoms in Exercise 8. Work with a partner or in a small group.
Develop the questions the doctor can ask about one’s symptoms to be able to diagnose the
problem. Use the following model to create a dialogue.
218
Grammar Note: Weights and measure
The Imperial/ British measurement system is used in the US. Feet and inches are used to
measure linear distances such as length and height, miles are used to measure longer
distances, pounds are used to measure weight, and gallons and ounces are used to measure
liquid volumes.
The metric system is used in Turkey. Meters and centimeters are used to measure length
and height, kilometers are used to measure distance, kilograms are used to measure weight
and liters are used to measure liquid volumes.
10. Work with a partner. Take turns asking each other about your height and weight. Do
not forget to use the units of measure appropriate for Turkey.
219
11. Listen to the speaker and while you read the statements below. Translate each
exchange. You may check the English translation in the answer key.
12. What do you hear? Transcribe into Turkish then translate into English each statement.
Check your work with the answer key.
1.
2.
3.
4.
220
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Ask and answer the following questions in Turkish. Check the answer key for a
translation of the questions.
2. Tell the class what you do in order to keep a healthy weight? Do you exercise? What
types of exercise do you do? How often and for how long do you exercise? Do you have a
special diet? What kind? What do you eat and not eat? Give an example of your menu.
What do you order when you eat out? How does it affect your diet the next day?
221
Vocabulary List
Abnormal Anormal
Allergies Alerjiler
Ambulance Ambülans
Arm Kol
Chest Gögüs
Chin Çene
Are you in pain? Ağrın var mı?
Are you taking any Herhangi bir ilaç alıyor
medication? musun?
Body aches Vücut ağrıları
Broken bone Kırık kemik
Bruise Çürük
Call an ambulance! Ambülans çağırın!
Congestion Tıkanıklık
Coughing Öksürük
Ear Kulak
Elbow Dirsek
Eye Göz
Fingers El parmakları
Foot Ayak
Feel Hissetmek
Fever Ateş
Flu/Influenza Grip
Hand El
Head Baş
Hip Kalça
Knee Diz
Help! Yardım edin!
How do you feel? Nasıl hissediyorsun?
Hurt Ağrımak
Leg Bacak
Mouth Ağız
Nose Burun
Neck Boyun
Medicine İlaç
Nausea Mide bulantısı
Pain Ağrı
Pregnant Hamile
Shoulder Omuz
Toes Ayak parmakları
Waist Bel
Sick Hasta
Sneezing Hapşırık
Sore throat Boğaz ağrısı
222
Stomach Karın/mide
Stomach cramps Karın/mide sancısı
Strain Burkulma
Swelling Şişme
Symptoms Belirtiler/semptomlar
What is the matter? Sorun nedir?
Where does it hurt? Neresi ağrıyor?
223
ANSWER KEY
Exercise 2
kulaklar, dirsekler, gözler, ayaklar, eller, dizler, omuzlar, kollar, bacaklar, kalçalar
Exercise 3
A. gözler
B. kulaklar
C. bacaklar
D. ayaklar
E. baş, eller, boyun
F. ağız
Exercise 6
A. 2 The little girl has a fever, a sore throat, and body aches, and she is sneezing and coughing.
She has the flu.
B. 1 The young woman is not sick. She is pregnant.
C. 3 The little boy is nauseous and has a stomachache.
Exercise 11
Exercise 12
224
End of Lesson Exercise 1
225
Lesson 18
Political and International Events
Siyasi ve Uluslararası olaylar
Turkey was established on October 29, 1923, as a republic soon after the first constitution was
enacted. The country adopted wide-ranging social, legal, and political reforms under the
leadership of the founder Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. One party (CHP, established by Atatürk) ruled
the country until 1950. A peaceful transfer of power to the Democratic Party happened in 1950
and many parties have been established since then. Turkey has a democratic regime, which is
fractured by periods of instability and intermittent military coups (1960, 1971, and 1980). The
power returned back to civilians in each case.
According to the Constitution, all Turkish citizens have the right to vote, to be elected, and to
participate in political activities. Turkish citizens over 18 years of age have the right to vote in
elections and take part in referendums. The Constitution requires the elections to be held at least
every five years. The assembly may decide to hold elections before the expiration of the term.
The president may decide to hold parliamentary elections under special conditions. In these
elections the 550 representatives are elected for the Turkish Grand National Assembly, TGNA
(Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, TBMM).
The election system is based on proportional representation in which a party must obtain at least
10% of the votes cast at the national level as well as a percentage of votes in the contested
district in order to participate in the distribution of seats. As a result, Turkey has a multi-party
(over a dozen) system with two or three strong parties. The leading party or parties form the
government, which is approved by the president. The president (head of state) is elected by the
assembly for a term of seven years.
Turkey has a few serious political and economic problems. One of them is the Cyprus issue
when Turkey intervened militarily in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island. The Turkish
Republic of Northern Cyprus was established in 1983, but it is not recognized diplomatically
outside of Turkey. A border issue exists on the Aegean Sea between Turkey and Greece. Human
rights and social quality are improving. However, a separatist movement, started by Kurdistan’s
Workers’ Party (PKK) in 1984 (which ended in 2000), cost a lot of lives and money. This low-
level war had repercussions on social and human rights in the region.
The large economic difference between the regions is a source of internal immigration that
triggers many social problems.
226
1. Familiarize yourself with the political terms.
Government Hükümet
Prime minister Başbakan
President Cumhurbaşkanı
Leader Lider
Dictator Diktatör
Parliament Meclis
Ministry Bakanlık
Election Seçim
Officials Resmi Görevliler
Political Party Siyasi parti
Vote Oy
Republic Cumhuriyet
State Devlet
Democracy Demokrasi
Democratic Demokratik
Term of office Görev Süresi
Policy Politika
Human Rights İnsan hakları
Religious Dini
Racial Irksal
Radical Radikal
World Dünya
Conflict Çatışma
War Savaş
Invade İşgal etmek
Nuclear weapons Nükleer silahlar
2. Listen to and read the following statements. While reading, note the use of the new
vocabulary.
227
The President of the United States is George Bush.
Amerika’nın başkanı George Bush’tur.
Grammar Note: The use of ‘Minister’ and ‘Ministry’, and the verb ‘to vote’
English Turkish
Minister Bakan
Minister of … Bakanı
Minister of Energy Enerji Bakanı (Energy = Enerji)
Ministry Bakanlık
Ministry of ... Bakanlığı
Ministry of Energy Enerji Bakanlığı
Vote Oy (Noun)
To vote Oy vermek (Verb)
“Vermek” is a generic verb in Turkish that corresponds to the verb “To give” in English. It can
be used in the meaning of “to give somebody something” or, in this context, it means “to give a
vote” or “to cast a vote”. It conjugates like a regular verb.
English Turkish
I vote. Ben oy veririm.
You vote. Sen oy verirsin.
He/She votes. O oy verir.
Turkish Media
Turkish people are generally interested in foreign and domestic politics. Therefore, almost all of
the newspapers cover the important political news on the front page with striking headlines. The
news stories are continued on the following pages. Many columnists comment on the important
news from different perspectives. Middle and upper class people usually follow these writers
regularly. Televison is the most influential media that reaches broader audiences instantly.
Almost every family has a TV at home and it is watched for news frequently. The media
organizations (TV, radio and newspaper) are privately owned and controlled. The government
has little or no effect on the media. However, the government owns a series of channels and
radios that broadcast nation-wide and internationally.
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3. Listen to and read the following news report from Turkey. Then answer the
questions that follow. Check your work with the answer key.
4. Work in small groups. Pretend that you are a crew working for a news program.
Come up with a short description of a political event. Use the questions from Exercise 3 as
an outline for your report.
5. Work in a small group or with a partner. Review the information on the political system
in Turkey again. Recall the information in Turkish. Report to your teacher and to the class.
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International Geography
Turkey is in southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia. The portion of Turkey west of
the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe. Bordering countries and their length of
border with Turkey are: Armenia (268 km), Azerbaijan (9 km), Georgia (252 km), and
Iran (499 km) to the east; Bulgaria (240 km), and Greece (206 km) to the west; and Syria
(822 km) and Iraq (352 km) to the south. Bordering seas are the Black Sea, between
Bulgaria and Georgia, and the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas, between Greece and Syria.
Turkey’s total area is 780,580 sq km. This includes 770,760 sq km of land and 9,820 sq km
of water. Comparatively, Turkey is slightly larger than Texas.
Mount Ararat, the legendary landing place of Noah's Ark, is in the far eastern portion of
the country.
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6. Listen to the speaker and follow along in your book.
231
South America Güney Amerika
Western Europe Batı Avrupa
Central Europe Orta Avrupa
Eastern Europe Doğu Avrupa
Middle East Orta Asya
Southwest Asia Güneybatı Asya
Southeast Asia Güneydoğu Asya
Africa Afrika
Australia Avustralya
Eastern Asia Doğu Asya
Arctic Kuzey Kutbu
Antarctica Antartika
Pacific Rim Pasifik Çizgisi
Grammar Note:
In Turkish, to make the name of the nationality, we add suffixes ( - lı, -li, -lu, -lü) to the country
name.
If the last vowel of the country name is a or ı then add the suffix -lı.
If the last vowel of the country name is e or i then add the suffix -li.
If the last vowel of the country name is u or o then add the suffix -lu.
If the last vowel of the country name is ü or ö then add the suffix -lü.
Examples:
Country Nationality
Amerika Amerika-lı
Norveç Norveç-li
Ürdün Ürdün-lü
Examples:
Country Nationality
Japonya Japon
Rusya Rus
İtalya İtalyan
Fransa Fransız, etc.
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7. Listen to and read the dialogues about nationality. Note the ways to determine
one’s nationality.
8. Create questions in Turkish that are appropriate to the answers provided. Check your
work with the answer key.
1. …………………………..?
Yes, I’m Vietnamese.
Evet, ben Vietnamlı’yım.
2. ……………………………?
No, I’m not American. I’m Canadian.
Hayır, ben Amerikalı değilim. Ben Kanadalı’yım.
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3. …………… or ……………..?
……………..-lı mısın / -li misin veya ………..….-lı mısın / -li misin?
I live in Pakistan, but I’m Afghani.
Pakistan’da yaşıyorum, ama Afgan’ım.
4. ……………………………..?
Yes, we are Iraqis.
Evet, biz Iraklı’yız.
9. What do you hear? Write down the name of the country that you hear and then
translate it into English. Check your answers with the answer key.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Translate the following headlines into English. Check your work with the answer key.
2. Listen to and read the following news report from Turkey, then answer the
questions that follow.
ANKARA (AA) – Türkiye Başbakanı Tayyip Erdoğan Irak Başbakanı İbrahim Al-Jaafari’yi
Cuma günü askeri bir törenle karşıladı.
Başbakan Yardımcısı ve Dışişleri Bakanı Abdullah Gül, Ekonomi Bakanı Kemal Unakıtan,
Endüstri ve Ticaret Bakanı Ali Coşkun, Enerji ve Doğal Kaynaklar Bakanı Hilmi Güler ve diğer
devlet görevlileri karşılama töreninde yer aldılar.
İki başbakan ikili bir görüşme ve delegeler arası görüşmelerde bulunacaklar. Günün ilerleyen
saatlerinde bir basın toplantısı yapmaları beklenmektedir.
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3. Work with a partner or in a small group. From the list of the countries above, choose
one and give a briefing on its location and political system. Pretend that you are giving a
press conference. Your classmates will role-play the news reporters by asking you
questions.
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Vocabulary List
Conflict Çatışma
Democracy/democratic Demokrasi / Demokratik
Dictator Diktatör
Dispute Uyuşmazlık
Election Seçim
Government Hükümet
Human Rights İnsan hakları
Invade/invasion İşgal etmek / işgal
Leader Lider
Ministry Bakanlık
Nuclear weapons Nükleer silahlar
Official Resmi Görevliler
Parliament Meclis
Policy Politika
Political Party Siyasi parti
President Cumhurbaşkanı
Prime minister Başbakan
Racial Irksal
Radical Radikal
Religious Dini
Republic Cumhuriyet
State Devlet
Term of office Görev Süresi
To kill Öldürmek
To vote Oy vermek
To invade İşgal etmek
War Savaş
World Dünya
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 3
MADRID/ANKARA (AA) - ''Entry talks between Turkey and the European Union (EU) may
last for 10 years. There will be ups and downs during this period but we will be ready in 10
years,'' said Turkish State Minister Ali Babacan.
Babacan, who participated in the Fifth EU-Turkey Conference in Madrid, spoke to El Pais
and ABC newspapers.
Stressing the importance of the recent significant developments in the Turkish economy,
Babacan noted that the growth rate was higher than 9 percent currently, indicating that inflation
rate was 9.3 percent now.
Babacan stated that Turkey expected to host 20 million tourists this year, noting, ''European
people want to know more about Turkey. Turkey should be promoted in a better way. Tourism
and trade will help us achieve this.''
There was need for a good communication strategy to introduce Turkey's facts to the European
community, Babacan underlined.
''A stable Turkey is of great importance for the stability of the EU,'' he stressed.
Exercise 8
1. Vietnamlı mısın?
2. Amerikalı mısın?
3. Pakistanlı mısın?
4. Iraklı mısınız?
Exercise 9
1. India Hindistan
2. England İngiltere
3. Indonesia Endonezya
4. Israel İsrail
5. Russia Rusya
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End of Lesson Exercise 1
Exercise 2
ANKARA (AA) - Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan welcomed Iraqi Prime
Minister İbrahim Al-Jaafari with full military honors in Ankara on Friday.
Turkish Foreign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Abdullah Gul, Finance Minister
Kemal Unakitan, Industry and Trade Minister Ali Coskun, Energy and Natural Resources
Minister Hilmi Guler and other senior state officials took part in the welcoming ceremony.
The two premiers will have a tete-a-tete meeting and chair meetings between delegations.
They are expected to hold a press conference later in the day.
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Lesson 19
The Military
Ordu
1. What do soldiers do? What do soldiers use? What do soldiers wear? The pictures will
help you to guess the meaning of unknown terms.
Bu askerler üniforma giyerler. Onlar ayaklarına bot ve başlarına miğfer giyerler. Miğfer başlarını
ağır silahlardan, mermilerden ve patlayıcılardan korur. Askerlerin ellerinde silahlar var.
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2. Now listen to the new words and repeat them after the speaker.
Soldier Asker
Uniform Üniforma
Boots Botlar
Helmet Miğfer
To protect Korumak
Artillery Ağır silahlar
Ammunition Mermi
Explosives Patlayıcılar
Weapons Silahlar
Radio Telsiz
Commander Komutan
To fire Ateş etmek
Rifle Tüfek
Rocket launcher Roketatar
Grammar Note
Example:
English Turkish
He wears a uniform. O üniforma giyer.
Example:
English Turkish
The tank fired at the target. Tank hedefe ateş etti. (target = hedef)
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3. Read the statements and match each one with the correct picture. Check your answers
with the answer key.
1. 2. 3.
4. Listen to the new words and repeat them after the speaker.
1. 2. 3.
Bu araçlar HUMVE. Kendinden ateşlemeli
füzeatar
4. 5. 6.
Tank Kendinden ateşlemeli top Zırhlı araç
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5. Now cover the names of the vehicles with a sheet of paper and name them. Repeat
Exercise 4 as many times as you need to feel comfortable with the new terms.
1. ……………………..
2. ……………………..
3. ……………………..
4. ……………………..
5. ……………………..
6. ……………………..
6. Listen to the new words and repeat them after the speaker.
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 8
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7. In the following lists of items, three belong to the group, but the fourth does not logically
belong. Cross it out. Check your answers with the answer key.
8. Read the following statements. Select the sentence that is the most logical. Check your
answers with the answer key.
9. What do you hear? Listen to the speaker, transcribe what you hear in Turkish,
then translate each passage into English. You may check your work in the answer key.
1.
2.
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10. Listen and repeat the new words after the speaker.
11. Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the vocabulary list above. Check your
answers with the answer key.
12. Working with a partner, take turns reading and role-playing the dialogues from
Exercise 11.
13. Working in a small group, come up with similar dialogues, and then role-play them.
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14. Study the list of U.S. Army ranks. Compare them with the Turkish military
equivalents.
Enlisted Erat
Private Er
Corporal Onbaşı
Sergeant Çavuş
Sergeant Major Başçavuş
Officer Subay
Lieutenant Teğmen
Captain Yüzbaşı
Major Binbaşı
Lt. Colonel Yarbay
Colonel Albay
General General
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Work with a partner or in a small group. In Turkish, come up with a caption for each
picture below.
1. …………………………………………………… .
2. …………………………………………………… .
3. …………………………………………………… .
2. a) Translate the following sentences into English. Check your work with the answer key.
A. Cephane nerede?
E. Sokağa çıkma yasağı akşam dokuzda başlar. Şimdi saat dokuz kırkbeş. Evinize geri
dönün.
b) Work with a partner or in a small group. Come up with situations when you can use
sentences C, D, E, and F as a reply. Create the first part of the conversation so that you
have short dialogues. Role-play them.
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3. a) Translate the following into Turkish. Compare your translation against the answer
key.
A. Please step out of the car. We must search the vehicle for weapons.
F. You must know all the checkpoints and roadblocks in this area.
b) Work with a partner or in a small group. Come up with situations when you can use
these sentences as a reply. Create the first part of the conversation so that you have short
dialogues. Role-play them.
248
Vocabulary List
Ammunition Mermi
Army base Askeri üs
Artillery Ağır silah
Barracks Kışla
Base Üs
Be careful! Dikatli ol!
Boots Botlar
Checkpoint Denetim noktası
Civilian Sivil
Commander Komutan
Curfew Sokağa çıkma yasağı
Enemy Düşman
Explosive Patlayıcı
Grenade El bombası
Gun Silah
Helmet Miğfer
In charge Sorumlu
(of a patrol, base)
Machine gun Makineli tüfek
Map Harita
Military Ordu
Mine Mayın
Minefield Mayın tarlası
Missile Füze
Mortar Havan topu
Officer Subay
Protection Koruma
Radio Telsiz
Rank Rütbe
Rifle Tüfek
Roadblock Barikat
Rocket Roket
Rocket launcher Roketatar
Search Aramak
Soldier Asker
Tank Tank
Uniform Üniforma
Weapons Silahlar
Weapons cache Cephane
Enlisted Erat
Private Er
Corporal Onbaşı
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Sergeant Çavuş
Sergeant Major Başçavuş
Officer Subay
Lieutenant Teğmen
Captain Yüzbaşı
Major Binbaşı
Lt. Colonel Yarbay
Colonel Albay
General General
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 1
Translation of caption: ‘These soldiers wear uniforms. They wear boots on their feet and helmets
on their heads. The helmets protect their heads from artillery, ammunition, and explosives. The
soldiers have weapons in their hands.’
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Exercise 7
1. Grenade El bombası
2. Helmet Miğfer
3. Uniform Üniforma
4. Minefield Mayın tarlası
5. Artillery Ağır silahlar
6. Civilian Sivil
Exercise 8
Exercise 9
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Exercise 11
Exercise 3a
252
Lesson 20
In the Hospital
Hastanede
The Ministry of Health (Sağlık Bakanlığı) is responsible for health care and related social
welfare activities in Turkey. The Ministry provides medical care and preventive health
services as well as training for health personnel. It establishes and operates hospitals and
health care centers. It also supervises private health facilities and pharmacies as well as
regulates and controls drug production and prices. Medical and health care personnel in
the public sector are employed by the Ministry.
The Social Insurance Association (Sosyal Sigortalar Kurumu – SSK) which is owned by
the state automatically provides every working citizen with health services. Employers
pay a premium on behalf of the employees, which includes coverage for the spouse and
children. The employers and owners of enterprises pay a different premium to the
government (BAĞKUR) that gives them the right to get premium health care services
245
from hospitals which have better conditions that those of SSK. The insurance covers all
medical services including emergency care and drugs. There is no charge or fee to call an
ambulance. Emergency rooms are often crowded, yet patients get treatment instantly. A
co-payment system (Döner Sermaye) has been developed in major hospitals and requires
contributions from the patients.
Unfortunately, the social security system is not able to serve non-working or unoffically
working citizens. Private health insurance is available to those that can afford the
payments and gives them access to private hospitals. Although the availability of health
care is getting better, the quality remains uneven. Medical facilities are concentrated in
the cities and larger towns. Most rural areas often don’t have adequate access to medical
care.
In Lesson 17, you already learned the names of human body parts, how to ask questions
about a person’s state of health, and how to describe health conditions and symptoms of
sickness. You also know how to handle the visit to the doctor’s office. In this lesson, you
will familiarize yourself with the vocabulary used for life threatening health conditions,
such as heart attacks, gunshot wounds, severe bleeding, and head injuries.
246
1. Go over the text with the pictures. Try to guess the meaning of the bolded words
from the context.
1 2
Bu adamın yaralı bir kolu var. Bu kadının kolunda bir yara var.
3 4
2. Look at the pictures in Exercise 1 and match the number of the picture with the
correct definition. Check your answers with the answer key.
3. Tell your classmates in Turkish if you ever had an injury and describe it.
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4. Listen to and read the dialogue between the doctor and the nurse in the
emergency room of a military hospital. Note the use of new vocabulary.
Doctor: Is it injured?
Doktor: O yaralı mı?
248
6. Match each of the pictures with the corresponding statement. Try to guess the
meanings of unknown words from the context. Check your answers with the answer
key.
A B C
7. Listen to the speaker and read along in your textbook. Use the answer key
to check the meanings of unknown words.
Bunlar sargı ve yara bantlarıdır. Bir kesik ya da yaraya sargı yapmak için onlara
ihtiyacınız var. Onlar steril olmak zorundalar.
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8. Familiarize yourself with some new medical terminology. Listen as the
speaker recites the names of internal organs. Repeat after the speaker.
1 2 3 4 5
1. heart kalp
2. brain beyin
3. lung akciğer
4. kidney böbrek
5. liver karaciğer
9. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate name of the organ in Turkish. Check your
answers with the answer key.
250
10. Listen to and read the dialogue between the doctor and a patient in a
military hospital emergency room.
Major: I don’t know. I didn’t feel well. I had chest pain, headache, and dizziness.
Binbaşı: Bilmiyorum. Kendimi iyi hissetmiyorum. Göğüs ağrısı, baş ağrısı ve baş
dönmem var.
251
Doctor: Well, when you got in the ER, you couldn’t breathe. We had to do CPR. You
had abnormal blood pressure. It was 230 over 180. You had a heart attack. What
symptoms do you have now?
Doktor: Acil servise geldiğinizde nefes almıyordunuz, kalp masajı yapmak zorunda
kaldık. Anormal bir kan basıncınız vardı. İkiyüz otuza yüz seksendi. Siz bir kalp krizi
geçirdiniz Ne belirtileriniz var şimdi?
Doctor: Do you have any kidney, liver, lung, or brain diseases? Diabetes? Cancer?
Doktor: Herhangi bir böbrek, karaciğer, akciğer, veya beyin hastalığınız var mı? Şeker
hastalığı? Kanser?
Doctor: Do any members of your family have heart disease or have they had a heart
attack?
Doktor: Ailenizden herhangi birinin kalp hastalıkları oldu mu ya da kalp krizi geçirdi
mi?
Major: Yes, my father died three years ago from heart disease.
Binbaşı: Evet, babam üç yıl once kalp hastalığından öldü.
Doctor: Well, I think you must stay in the hospital and rest for a few days.
Doktor: Bence hastanede kalıp birkaç gün dinlenmelisiniz.
Doctor: No, you have to stay in the hospital, rest, and take aspirin.
Doktor: Hayır, hastanede kalmak zorundasınız, dinlenin ve aspirin alın.
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11. Work with a partner. Pretend to be a doctor and a patient and role-play the
dialogue from Exercise 10.
12. Match the questions and answers. When you have finished, listen to the
answer key and check your answers.
A. Kendini nasıl hissediyorsun? 1. Evet, benim kolumda bir kurşun yarası var.
B Sorunun nedir? 2. Kendimi zayıf hissediyorum, başım dönüyor.
C Kendini nasıl hissediyorsun? 3. Yaram kanıyor.
D Ağrın var mı? 4. Karnım ağrıyor.
E Neresi ağrıyor? 5. Evet, Göğüs ağrım var. Nefes alamıyorum.
F Yaralı mısın? 6. Evet, ağrıkesiciler.
G Herhangi bir ilaç alıyor musun? 7. Kendimi gerçekten kötü hissediyorum.
13. What do you hear? Listen to the speaker and write down what you hear in
Turkish, then translate it into English. Check your answers with the answer key.
1.
2.
3.
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End-of-Lesson Tasks
2. Work with a partner or in a small group. Look at the picture and tell in Turkish
what you think happened to the patient. You might want to mention the following
things: Is the patient a man or a woman? What is their age? Are they a soldier? Are
they wounded? Are they injured? Are they in pain? Do they have bleeding? Do they
have a fever? Will they need to stay in the hospital? Do they have high blood
pressure? Do they have chest pain? Are they having a heart attack? Can they
breathe? Will they need CPR? Are they allergic to any medications? Do they take
any medications?
254
Vocabulary List
Abnormal Anormal
Aspirin Aspirin
Bandage Bandaj
Band-aid Yara bandı
Bleeding Kanama
Brain Beyin
Breathing Nefes alma
Cancer Kanser
CPR Kalp masajı
Cut Kesik
Diabetes Şeker hastalığı
Dressing Sargı
ER Acil Servis
Gunshot wound Kurşun yarası
Head injury Baş yarası
Heart Kalp
Heart attack Kalp krizi
Heart disease Kalp hastalığı
Heat stroke Güneş çarpması
High blood pressure Yüksek kan basıncı
I am allergic to…/ Benim ...........-e/-a alerjim var.
Are you allergic to… Senin ...........-e/-a alerjin var mı?
Injured Yaralı
Injury Yara
Kidney Böbrek
Liver Karaciğer
Lungs Akciğerler
Organs Organlar
Painkillers Ağrıkesiciler
Penicillin Penisilin
Pulse Atış
Sterile Steril
To die Ölmek
To stay Kalmak
Wound/ Yara/
Wounded Yaralı
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ANSWER KEY
Exercise 2
A. 3 Wounded leg
B. 4 Injured neck
C. 1 or 2 Wounded arm
D. 1 or 2 Injured arm
Exercise 6
Exercise 7
These are bandages and band-aids.You need them to make a dressing for a cut or wound.
They have to be sterile.
Exercise 9
A. beyin
B. karaciğer
C. kalp
D. akciğer
E. böbrekler
Exercise 12
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Exercise 13
257