Gter24 Introduction To Ipv6: Igor Giangrossi

GTER24
In tr o d u c tio n to IP v 6
Igor Giangrossi
igor.giangrossi@cisco.com
B R K R S T -1 3 0 0
1 3 7 4 5 _ 0 5 _ 2 0 0 7 _ c 2 ©2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d . C is c o C o n fid e n tia l 1
W h y IP v 6 ?
©2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d . C is c o C o n fid e n tia l 2
A Need for IPv6?
IETF IPv6 WG began in early 90s, to solve addressing

grow th issu es, bu t
C I D R , N A T , …w e re d e v e l op e d
IPv4 3 2 bit address = 4 billion h osts
~ 4 0% of t h e I P v 4 ad d re ss sp ace is st il l unuse d w h ich is
d if f e re nt f rom unal l ocat e d
T h e rising of I nt e rne t conne ct e d d e v ice and ap p l iance w il l
e v e nt ual l y d e p l e t e t h e I P v 4 ad d re ss sp ace
IP is everyw h ere
D at a, v oice , aud io and v id e o int e grat ion is a re al it y
R e gional re gist rie s ap p l y a st rict al l ocat ion cont rol
S o, only c om p elling reason: M ore IP addresses
W h y Not NAT
It w as c reated as a tem p solu tion

N AT break s th e end-to-end m odel
Grow th of N AT h as slow ed dow n grow th of transp arent
ap p lic ations
N o easy w ay to m aintain states of N AT in c ase of
node f ailu res
N AT break sec u rity
N AT c om p lic ates m ergers, dou ble N ATing is needed
f or devic es to c om m u nic ate w ith eac h oth er
I P v 6 Te c h n o l o g y
IPv4 a n d IPv6 H ea der C om p a ri s on
IP v 4 H e ad e r IP v 6 H e ad e r
T y p eo f
V ers i o n I H L T o tal L ength T raf f i c
S erv i c e V ers i o n Fl o w L ab el
C l as s
Fragment
I d enti f i c ati o n Fl ags
O f f s et
N ex t
T i me to L i v e P ro to c o l H ead er C h ec k s u m P ay l o ad L ength H o p L i mi t
H ead er
S o u rc e A d d res s
D es ti nati o n A d d res s
O p ti o ns P ad d i ng S ou rc e Address
Field’s N a m e K ep t f r o m IP v 4 to IP v 6
Legend
Fields N o t K ep t in I P v 6
N a m e a n d P o s it io n C h a n g ed in I P v 6
Destination Address
N ew Field in I P v 6
IPv6 H ea der New F i el d—F l ow L a b el
( R F C 3 69 7 )
2 0-B it Flow L abel Field to Identif y S p ec if ic Flow s
N eeding S p ec ial Q oS IP v 6 H e ad e r
F l ow c l assif iers h ad b een b ased on
5-tu p l e: S ou rc e/ destination address, V ers i o n T raf f i c C l as s F l ow L ab el
p rotoc ol ty p e and p ort nu m b ers of
transp ort P ay l o ad L ength
N ex t H o p
H ead er L i mi t
S om e of th ese f iel ds m ay b e
u nav ail ab l e du e to f rag m entation,
enc ry p tion or l oc ating th em p ast S o u rc e A d d res s
ex tension h eaders
W ith f l ow l ab el , eac h sou rc e c h ooses
its ow n f l ow l ab el v al u es; rou ters u se
sou rc e addr + f l ow l ab el to identif y D es ti nati o n A d d res s
distinc t f l ow s
F l ow l ab el v al u e of 0 u sed w h en no
sp ec ial Q oS req u ested ( th e c om m on
c ase today )
E x t en s i on H ea ders
Base header
N ex t H eader = 0
IPv6 Base Header
( 4 0 o c t et s)
1st E x t en si o n
H eader 0 o r m o re IPv6
N ex t H eader… = 4 3
E x t en si o n Headers Pa c k e t
L ast E x t en si o n
H eader
N ex t H eader = 17 D at a
Next Header = 17 E xt Hdr L en g th
E xt Hdr D ata
M T U Is s u es
M inim u m link M TU f or IPv6 is 1 2 8 0 oc tets

( vs. 68 oc tets f or IPv4 )
=> on l ink s w it h M T U < 1 2 8 0, l ink -sp e cif ic
f ragme nt at ion and re asse mb l y must b e use d
Im p lem entations are ex p ec ted to p erf orm p ath M TU

disc overy to send p ac k ets bigger th an 1 2 8 0
M inim al im p lem entation c an om it PM TU disc overy as
long as all p ac k ets k ep t ≤ 1 2 8 0 oc tets
A h op -by-h op op tion su p p orts transm ission of
“j u m bogram s” w ith u p to 2 3 2 oc tets of p ayload; p ayload
is norm ally 2 1 6
IP v 6 A d d r e s s in g
IPv6 Addres s i n g
Addres s i n g F orm a t
R ep resentation
1 6-bit h ex adec im al nu m bers
N u m bers are sep arated by ( : )
H ex nu m bers are not c ase sensitive
Abbreviations are p ossible
L e ad ing z e ros in cont iguous b l ock coul d b e re p re se nt e d b y (: : )
E x amp l e :
2 001 : 0d b 8 : 0000: 1 3 0F : 0000: 0000: 08 7 C : 1 4 0B
2 001 : 0d b 8 : 0: 1 3 0F : : 8 7 C : 1 4 0B
D oub l e col on onl y ap p e ars once in t h e ad d re ss
Addres s i n g
Pref ix R ep resentation
R ep resentation of p ref ix is j u st lik e C ID R
In th is rep resentation you attac h th e p ref ix length
L ik e v4 address:
1 9 8 .1 0.0.0/ 1 6
V 6 address is rep resented th e sam e w ay:

2 001 : d b 8 : 1 2 : : / 4 8
O nly leading z eros are om itted. Trailing z eros are not

om itted
2 001 : 0d b 8 : 001 2 : : / 4 8 = 2 001 : d b 8 : 1 2 : : / 4 8
2 001 : d b 8 : 1 2 0 0 : : / 4 8 ≠ 2 001 : d b 8 : 1 2 : : / 4 8
IPv6—Addres s i n g M odel
Addresses are assigned to interf ac es

C h ange f rom I P v 4 mod e :
Interf ac e “ex p ec ted” to h ave m u ltip le addresses

Addresses h ave sc op e
L ink L ocal
U niq ue L ocal Gl ob al U niq u e L oc al L ink L oc al
G l ob al
Addresses h ave lif etim e

V al id and p re f e rre d l if e t ime
T y p es of IPv6 Addres s es
U nic ast
A d d re ss of a singl e int e rf ace . O ne -t o-one d e l iv e ry t o singl e
int e rf ace
M u ltic ast
A d d re ss of a se t of int e rf ace s. O ne -t o-many d e l iv e ry t o al l
int e rf ace s in t h e se t
Anyc ast
A d d re ss of a se t of int e rf ace s. O ne -t o-one -of -many d e l iv e ry t o
a singl e int e rf ace in t h e se t t h at is cl ose st
N o m ore broadc ast addresses
Ag g reg a t a b l e G l ob a l U n i c a s t Addres s es
Pr o vi d e r S ite H o s t
3 4 5 Bi t s 1 6 Bi t s 64 Bi t s
G l o b al R o u ti n g P ref i x S L A I n terf ac e I D
0 0 1
Aggregatable Global U nic ast Addresses Are:

A d d re sse s f or ge ne ric use of I P v 6
S t ruct ure d as a h ie rarch y t o k e e p t h e aggre gat ion
U n i q u e-L oc a l
1 2 8 Bi t s
G l o b al I D 4 0 B i ts I n terf ac e I D
1111 110 S u b n et I D
F C 0 0 ::/ 7
16 B i ts
7 Bi t s
U niq u e-L oc al Addresses U sed f or:

L ocal communicat ions
I nt e r-sit e V P N s
N ot rout ab l e on t h e I nt e rne t
L i n k -L oc a l
1 2 8 Bi t s
R em ai n i n g 5 4 B i ts I n terf ac e I D
1111 1110 10
F E 8 0 ::/ 10
1 0 Bi t s
Link-Lo c a l A d d r e s s e s U s e d f o r :
M andatory Address f or C om m u nic ation b etw een tw o I P v 6 dev ic e
( l ik e AR P b u t at L ay er 3 )
Au tom atic al l y assig ned b y R ou ter as soon as I P v 6 is enab l ed
Al so u sed f or N ex t-H op c al c u l ation in R ou ting P rotoc ol s
O nl y L ink S p ec if ic sc op e
R em aining 54 b its c ou l d b e Z ero or any m anu al c onf ig u red v al u e
IPv6 M u l t i c a s t Addres s
IP m u ltic ast address h as a p ref ix FF00: : / 8

( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ) ; th e sec ond oc tet def ines th e lif etim e
and sc op e of th e m u ltic ast address
8-b i t 4-b i t 4-b i t 112-b i t
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 L if e t ime S cop e G rou p -I D
L if e t ime S cop e
0 I f P erm anent
1 N ode
2 L ink
1 I f T em p orary
5 S ite
8 O rg aniz ation
E G l ob al
S om e W el l K n ow n M u l t i c a s t Addres s es
Address S c op e M eaning
F F 0 1: : 1 N ode-L oc al Al l N odes
F F 0 2: : 1 L ink -L oc al Al l N odes
F F 0 1: : 2 N ode-L oc al Al l R ou ters
F F 0 2: : 2 L ink -L oc al Al l R ou ters
F F 0 5: : 2 S ite-L oc al Al l R ou ters
F F 0 2: : 1: F F X X : X X X X L ink -L oc al S ol ic ited-N ode
N ot e t h at 02 me ans t h at t h is is a p e rmane nt ad d re ss and h as l ink

scop e
M ore d e t ail s at h t t p : / / w w w .iana.org/ assignme nt s/ ip v 6 -mul t icast -
ad d re sse s
S ol i c i t ed-Node M u l t i c a s t Addres s
F or eac h u nic ast and any c ast address c onf ig u red th ere is a c orresp onding
sol ic ited-node m u l tic ast
T h is is sp ec ial l y u sed f or tw o p u rp ose, f or th e rep l ac em ent of AR P ,
and DAD
U sed in neig h b or sol ic itation m essag es
M u l tic ast address w ith a l ink -l oc al sc op e
S ol ic ited-node m u l tic ast c onsists of p ref ix + l ow er 24 b its f rom u nic ast,
F F 0 2: : 1: F F :
IPv6 Addres s Al l oc a t i on Proc es s
Partition of Alloc ated IPv6 Address S p ac e
IPv6 Addres s Al l oc a t i on Proc es s
Partition of Alloc ated IPv6 Address S p ac e ( C ont. )
Lo w e s t -O r d e r 6 4 -b it f ie l d
o f u nic a s t a d d re s s m a y
b e a s s ig ne d in s e v e r a l
d if f e r e nt w a y s :
Au to-c onf ig u red f rom a 6 4 -b it
E U I -6 4 , or ex p anded f rom a
4 8 -b it M AC address
( e. g . , E th ernet address)
Au to-g enerated
p seu do-random nu m b er
( to address p riv ac y c onc erns)
Assig ned v ia DH C P
M anu al l y c onf ig u red
IPv6 In t erfa c e Iden t i fi er
C isco use s t h e E U I -6 4
f ormat t o d o st at e l e ss 0 0 9 0 2 7 1 7 F C 0 F
aut o-conf igurat ion
T h is f ormat e x p and s t h e 4 8 0 0 9 0 2 7 1 7 F C 0 F
b it M A C ad d re ss t o 6 4 b it s
F F F E
b y inse rt ing F F F E int o t h e
mid d l e 1 6 b it s 0 0 9 0 2 7 F F F E 1 7 F C 0 F
T o mak e sure t h at t h e
1 =U n iq u e
ch ose n ad d re ss is f rom 0 0 0 0 0 0 U 0 W h e re U =
a uniq ue E t h e rne t M A C 0 =N o t U n iq u e
ad d re ss, t h e univ e rsal / U =1
l ocal (“u” b it ) is se t t o 1 0 2 9 0 2 7 F F F E 1 7 F C 0 F
f or gl ob al scop e and 0
f or l ocal scop e
IC M P v 6 a n d
N e ig h b o r D is c o v e r y
IC M Pv6
Internet C ontrol M essage Protoc ol version 6

R FC 2 4 63
M odif ic ation of IC M P f rom IPv4
M essage typ es are sim ilar
( bu t dif f erent typ es/ c odes)
D e st inat ion unre ach ab l e (t y p e 1 )
P ack e t t oo b ig (t y p e 2 )
T ime e x ce e d e d (t y p e 3 )
P arame t e r p rob l e m (t y p e 4 )
E ch o re q ue st / re p l y (t y p e 1 2 8 and 1 2 9 )
Nei g h b or D i s c overy
N eigh bor disc overy u ses IC M Pv6 m essages,

originated f rom node on link loc al w ith h op
lim it of 2 5 5
C onsists of IPv6 h eader, IC M Pv6 h eader, neigh bor
disc overy h eader, and neigh bor disc overy op tions
Five neigh bor disc overy m essages
1 . R out e r sol icit at ion (I C M P v 6 t y p e 1 3 3 )
2 . R out e r ad v e rt ise me nt (I C M P v 6 t y p e 1 3 4 )
3 . N e igh b or sol icit at ion (I C M P v 6 t y p e 1 3 5 )
4 . N e igh b or ad v e rt ise me nt (I C M P v 6 t y p e 1 3 6 )
5 . R e d ire ct (I C M P V 6 t y p e 1 3 7 )
©2 0 0 7 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d . C is c o C o n fid e n tia l 4 0
R ou t er S ol i c i t a t i on a n d Advert i s em en t
1 . R S 2 . R A
1—I C M P T y p e = 133 ( R S ) 2—I C M P T y p e = 134 ( R A )

S rc = l i n k -l o c al addres s ( F E 8 0 ::1/ 10 ) S rc = l i n k -l o c al addres s ( F E 8 0 ::2/ 10 )
D s t = al l -ro u ters m u l ti c as t addres s D s t = al l -n o des m u l ti c as t addres s ( F F 0 2::1)
( F F 0 2::2)
D ata = o p ti o n s , s u b n et p ref i x, l i f eti m e,
Q u ery = p l eas e s en d R A au to c o n f i g f l ag
R out e r sol icit at ions (R S ) are se nt b y b oot ing nod e s t o re q ue st

R A s f or conf iguring t h e int e rf ace s
R out e rs se nd p e riod ic R out e r A d v e rt ise me nt s (R A ) t o t h e al l -nod e s
mul t icast ad d re ss
Nei g h b or S ol i c i t a t i on a n d Advert i s em en t
A B
Neighbor Solicitation
I C M P ty p e = 1 3 5
Src = A
D s t = Solicited -nod e m u lticas t of B
D ata = link -lay er ad d res s of A
Q u ery = w hat is y ou r link ad d res s ?
Neighbor A d v ertis em ent

I C M P ty p e = 1 3 6
Src = B
D s t = A
D ata = link -lay er ad d res s of B
Aa n d Bc a n n o w e x c h a n g e
p a c k e ts o n th is lin k
D u p l i c a t e Addres s D et ec t i on
A B
I C M P ty p e = 1 3 5
Src = 0 ( : : )
D s t = Solicited -nod e m u lticas t of A
D ata = link -lay er ad d res s of A
Q u ery = w hat is y ou r link ad d res s ?
D u p lic ate Address D etec tion ( D AD ) u ses neigh bor

solic itation to verif y th e ex istenc e of an address to be
c onf igu red
Au t oc on fi g u ra t i on
M a c Ad d r e s s :
0 0 :2 c :0 4 :0 0 :F E :5 6
H o s t Au t o c o n fig u r e d S e n d s N e t w o r k -T y p e
Ad d r e s s Is : In f o r m a t i o n
Pr e f i x R e c e i ve d + ( Pr e f i x , D e f a u l t R o u t e , …)
L i n k -L a y e r Ad d r e s s
La r g e r A d d r e s s S p a c e E na b l e s :
T h e use of l ink -l ay e r ad d re sse s insid e t h e ad d re ss sp ace
A ut oconf igurat ion w it h “no col l isions”
O f f e rs “p l ug and p l ay ”
R en u m b eri n g
M a c Ad d r e s s :
0 0 :2 c :0 4 :0 0 :F E :5 6
H o s t Au t o c o n f i g u r e d S e n d s N e w N e t w o r k -T y p e
Ad d r e s s Is : In f o r m a t i o n
N e w Pr e f i x R e c e i ve d ( Pr e f i x , D e f a u l t R o u t e , …)
+ L i n k -L a y e r Ad d r e s s D a ta =T w o p r e fix e s :
C u r r e n t p r e fix (to b e
d e p r e c a t e d ), w i t h s h o r t
life tim e s
N e w p r e f i x ( t o b e u s e d ), w i t h
n o r m a l life tim e s
La r g e r A d d r e s s S p a c e E na b l e s :
R e numb e ring, using aut oconf igurat ion and mul t ip l e ad d re sse s
D H C P a n d D N S
fo r IP v 6
D NS B a s i c s
D N S is a d at ab ase managing R e source R e cord s (R R )
S to c k a g e o f R R fro m v a r i o u s t y p e s —I P V 4 a n d I P V 6 :
S t a r t o f A u t h o r i t y (S o A )
N a m e S e rv e r
A d d r e s s —A a n d A A A A
P o i n t e r —P T R
D N S is an I P ap p l icat ion
It u s e s e ith e r U D P o r T C P o n to p o f IP v 4o r IP v 6
R e f e re nce s
R F C 3 59 6 : D N S Ex t e n s i o n s t o S u p p o r t I P V e r s i o n 6
R F C 3 3 6 3 : R e p r e s e n tin g In te r n e t P r o to c o l V e r s io n 6 A d d r e s s e s in D o m a in
N a m e s y s t e m (D N S )
R F C 3 3 6 4: T r a d e o f f s i n D o m a i n N a m e S y s t e m (D N S ) S u p p o r t f o r I n t e r n e t
P r o t o c o l v e r s i o n 6 (I P v 6 )
IPv6 a n d D NS
IPv4 IPv6
H o s tn a m e to A rec o rd: A A A A rec o rd:

IP a d d r e s s www.abc.test. A 192.168.30.1 www.abc.test AAAA 2001: d b8: C 18: 1: : 2
PT R rec o rd: PT R rec o rd:

IP a d d r e s s t o 1.30.168.192.i n -ad d r .ar p a. P T R 2.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.8.1.c.0.
h o s tn a m e www.abc.test. 8.b.d .0.1.0.0.2.i p 6.ar p a P T R www.abc.test.
D H C Pv6
U p dated version of D H C P f or IPv4

S u p p orts new addressing
C an be u sed f or renu m bering
D H C P Proc ess is sam e as in IPv4 , bu t,
C lient f irst detec t th e p resenc e of rou ters on th e link
If f ou nd, th en ex am ines rou ter advertisem ents to
determ ine if D H C P c an be u sed
If no rou ter f ou nd or if D H C P c an be u sed, th en
D H C P S ol icit me ssage is se nt t o t h e A l l -D H C P -A ge nt s
mul t icast ad d re ss
U sing t h e l ink -l ocal ad d re ss as t h e source ad d re ss
D H C Pv6 O p era t i on
C lient R elay S erver
S o lic it
R e l a y -F w d
w /S o lic it
R e l a y -R e p l y
w / Ad ve r t i s e
Ad ve r t i s e
R e q u e s t
R e l a y -F w d
w /R e q u e s t
R e l a y -R e p l y
w /R e p ly
R e p ly
A l l _ D H C P _ R e l a y _ A g e n t s _ a n d _ S e r v e r s (F F 02: : 1: 2)
A l l _ D H C P _ S e r v e r s (F F 05: : 1: 3 )
D H C P M e s s a g e s : C l i e n t s l i s t e n U D P p o r t 546 ; s e r v e r s a n d r e l a y a g e n t s l i s t e n o n
U D P p o r t 547
IP v 6 C o n fig u r a tio n s
IO S IPv6 Addres s i n g E x a m p l es ( 1 )
M anu al Interf ac e Identif ier
F a s t0 /0
ipv6 u n ic a s t -r o u t in g
!
in t e r f a c e F a s t E t h e r n e t 0 / 0
ip a d d r e s s 1 0 . 1 5 1 . 1 . 1 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 0
ip pim s pa r s e -m o d e
d u pl e x a u t o
s pe e d a u t o
ipv6 a d d r e s s 2 0 0 6: 1 : : 1 / 64
ipv6 e n a b l e
ipv6 n d r a -in t e r va l 3 0
ipv6 n d pr e f ix 2 0 0 6: 1 : : / 64 3 0 0 3 0 0
!
M anu al Interf ac e Identif ier
r1#sh ipv6 int fast0/0
F astE the rne t0/0 is u p, l ine pro to c o l is u p
I P v6 is e nab l e d , l ink -l o c al ad d re ss is F E 8 0 : : 2 0 7 : 5 0 F F : F E 5 E : 9 4 6 0
G l o b al u nic ast ad d re ss( e s) :
2 0 0 6 : 1 : : 1 , su b ne t is 2 006: 1: : /64
J o ine d g ro u p ad d re ss( e s) :
F F 02 : : 1
F F 02 : : 2
F F 02 : : 1: F F 00: 1
F F 02 : : 1: F F 5 E : 9 4 60
MAC Address : 0007.505e.9460
M T U is 15 00 b y te s
I C M P e rro r m e ssag e s l im ite d to o ne e ve ry 100 m il l ise c o nd s
I C M P re d ire c ts are e nab l e d
N D D r1#sh A D isint fast0/0
e nab l e d , nu m b e r o f D A D atte m pts: 1
N D re F astE the l rne
ac hab e t0/0
tim e isisu p 3 , 0000 l ine m p ilro l to ise
c o l c o is
nd u sp
N D ad H veardrtise w are d isre A ac
m d F hab
E , l ade d re
timsse is is0007 0 m . il5 05l e ise
. 9 4 c 6 o 0nd( b sia 0007 . 5 05 e . 9 4 6 0)
N D ad ve rtise d re transm it inte rval is 0 m il l ise c o nd s
N D ro u te r ad ve rtise m e nts are se nt e ve ry 3 0 se c o nd s
N D ro u te r ad ve rtise m e nts l ive fo r 18 00 se c o nd s
H o sts u se state l e ss au to c o nfig fo r ad d re sse s.
r1#
EU I-64 Interf ac e Identif ier
F a s t0 /0
ipv6 u n ic a s t -r o u t in g
!
in t e r f a c e F a s t E t h e r n e t 0 / 0
ip a d d r e s s 1 0 . 1 5 1 . 1 . 1 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 2 5 5 . 0
ip pim s pa r s e -m o d e
d u pl e x a u t o
s pe e d a u t o
ipv6 a d d r e s s 2 0 0 6: 1 : : / 64 e u i-64
ipv6 e n a b l e
ipv6 n d r a -in t e r va l 3 0
ipv6 n d pr e f ix 2 0 0 6: 1 : : / 64 3 0 0 3 0 0
!
EU I-64 Interf ac e Identif ier
r1#sh ipv6 int fast0/0

F astE the rne t0/0 is u p, l ine pro to c o l is u p
I P v6 is e nab l e d , l ink -l o c al ad d re ss is F E 8 0 : : 2 0 7 : 5 0 F F : F E 5 E : 9 4 6 0
G l o b al u nic ast ad d re ss( e s) :
2 0 0 6 : 1 : : 2 0 7 : 5 0 F F : F E 5 E : 9 4 6 0 , su b ne t is 2 006: 1: : /64
J o ine d g ro u p ad d re ss( e s) :
F F 02 : : 1 MAC Address : 0007.505e.9460
F F 02 : : 2
F F 02 : : 1: F F 5 E : 9 4 60
M T U is 15 00 b y te s
I C M P e rro r m e ssag e s l im ite d to o ne e ve ry 100 m il l ise c o nd s
I C M P r1#sh intc fast0/0
re d ire ts are e nab l e d
N D D F AastE D is the e rne
nabt0/0
l e d , is nuu p m , b e l r
ine o fp roD A toD c o atte
l ism upts: p 1
N D re H acardhabw are l e istim A e m d Fis
E , 3 ad0000d re ssm ilisl ise 0007 c . o 5 nd
05 es. 9 4 6 0 ( b ia 0007 . 5 05 e . 9 4 6 0)
N D ad ve rtise d re ac hab l e tim e is 0 m il l ise c o nd s
N D ad ve rtise d re transm it inte rval is 0 m il l ise c o nd s
N D ro u te r ad ve rtise m e nts are se nt e ve ry 3 0 se c o nd s
N D ro u te r ad ve rtise m e nts l ive fo r 18 00 se c o nd s
H o sts u se state l e ss au to c o nfig fo r ad d re sse s.
r1#
I P v 6 Ro u t i n g
S t a t i c Ro u t i n g
S t a t i c R ou t i n g
ipv6 route ipv6-pref ix / prefix-l en g t h { ipv 6 -a d d res s | in t erfa c e-t y pe
in t erfa c e-n u m b er [ ipv 6 -a d d res s ] } [ a d m in is t ra t iv e-d is t a n c e]
[ a d m in is t ra t iv e-m u l t ic a s t -d is t a n c e | un ic a s t | m ul tic a s t] [ ta g t a g ]
Ex am p les:
F orw ard p ack e t s f or ne t w ork 2 001 : D B 8 : : 0/ 3 2 t h rough 2 001 : D B 8 : 1 : 1 : : 1
w it h an ad minist rat iv e d ist ance of 1 0
R o u te r( c o nfig ) # ipv6 ro u te 2 001: D B 8 : : 0/3 2 2 001: D B 8 : 1: 1: : 1 10
D e f aul t rout e t o 2 001 : D B 8 : 1 : 1 : : 1

R o u te r( c o nfig ) # ipv6 ro u te : : /0 2 001: D B 8 : 1: 1: : 1
RI P n g ( RF C 20 8 0 )
E n h a n c ed R ou t i n g Prot oc ol S u p p ort
R IPn g O vervi ew R F C 2 0 8 0
co m m a n d v ers io n m u s t b e z ero co m m a n d v ers io n m u s t b e z ero
A d d res s F a m il y I d en tif ier R o u te T a g
I P v 4 A d d res s
I P v 6 p ref ix
S u b n et Ma s k
N ex t H o p
Metric ro u te ta g p ref ix l en m etric
S im ilar c h arac teristic s as IPv4

D ist ance -v e ct or, h op l imit of 1 5 , sp l it -h oriz on, mul t icast b ase d
(F F 02 : : 9 ) , U D P p ort (5 2 1 ) e t c.
U p dated f eatu res f or IPv6
I P v 6 p re f ix & p re f ix l e n
S p ec ial H andling f or th e N H
R out e t ag and p re f ix l e n f or N H is al l 0. M e t ric w il l h av e 0x F F ;
N H must b e l ink l ocal
E n h a n c ed R ou t i n g Prot oc ol S u p p ort
R IPn g C on fi g u ra t i on a n d D i s p l a y
::/ 0 R o u ter 2
E th ern et0 = 20 0 1:db 8 :c 18 :1:26 0 :3ef f :f e4 7 :15 30
L A N1: 20 0 1:db 8 :c 18 :1::/ 6 4

E th ern et0 Router2#
i p v 6 router ri p RT 0
R o u ter 1
E th ern et1 i n terf a c e E th ern et0
i p v 6 a d d res s 2001 : d b 8 : c 1 8 : 1 : : / 6 4 eui -6 4
i p v 6 ri p RT 0 en a b l e
L A N2: 20 0 1:db 8 :c 18 :2::/ 6 4 i p v 6 ri p RT 0 d ef a ul t-i n f orm a ti on ori g i n a te
Router1 # Router2# d eb ug i p v 6 ri p
i p v 6 router ri p RT 0 RI P n g : S en d i n g m ul ti c a s t up d a te on E th ern et0 f or RT 0
s rc = F E 8 0: : 26 0: 3 ef f : f e4 7 : 1 5 3 0
i n terf a c e E th ern et0 d s t= F F 02: : 9 ( E th ern et0)
i p v 6 a d d res s 2001 : d b 8 : c 1 8 : 1 : : / 6 4 eui -6 4 s p ort= 5 21 , d p ort= 5 21 , l en g th = 3 2
i p v 6 ri p RT 0 en a b l e c om m a n d = 2, v ers i on = 1 , m b z = 0, #rte= 1
I n terf a c e E th ern et1 ta g = 0, m etri c = 1 , p ref i x = : : / 0
i p v 6 a d d res s 2001 : d b 8 : c 1 8 : 2: : / 6 4 eui -6 4
i p v 6 ri p RT 0 en a b l e
M u lt ic a s t A ll L in k -L o c a l
R I P -R o u t er s s r c A ddr es s
D e p lo y m e n t O p tio n s
IPv4 -IPv6 T ra n s i t i on / C oex i s t en c e
A w ide range of tec h niq u es h ave been identif ied and

im p lem ented, basic ally f alling into th ree c ategories:
1 . D ual -st ack t e ch niq ue s, t o al l ow I P v 4 and I P v 6 t o
co-e x ist in t h e same d e v ice s and ne t w ork s
2 . T unne l ing t e ch niq ue s, t o av oid ord e r d e p e nd e ncie s w h e n
up grad ing h ost s, rout e rs, or re gions
3 . T ransl at ion t e ch niq ue s, t o al l ow I P v 6 -onl y d e v ice s t o
communicat e w it h I P v 4 -onl y d e v ice s
Ex p ec t all of th ese to be u sed, in c om bination
D u a l S t a c k Ap p roa c h
I P v 6 -E n ab l e A p p l i c ati o n
A p p l i c ati o n
Pr e f e rre d
T C P U D P T C P U D P M e th o d o n
Ap p lic a t i o n ’s
S e r ve r s
IP v 4 IP v 6 IP v 4 IP v 6
F ra m e
0 x 0 8 0 0 0 x 8 6d d 0 x 0 8 0 0 0 x 8 6d d
Pr o t o c o l ID
D a t a L in k ( E t h er n et ) D a t a L in k ( E t h er n et )
D u a l S t a c k N o d e M e a ns :
B oth I P v 4 and I P v 6 stac k s enab l ed
Ap p l ic ations c an tal k to b oth
C h oic e of th e I P v ersion is b ased on nam e l ook u p and ap p l ic ation
p ref erenc e
C i s c o IO S D u a l S t a c k C on fi g u ra t i on
ro u te r#
ip v 6 u nic ast-ro u ting
D u a l -S t a c k inte rfac e E the rne t0
R o u te r ip ad d re ss 19 2. 16 8 . 9 9 . 1 25 5 . 25 5 . 25 5 . 0
IPv6 a n d IPv4 ip v 6 ad d re ss 2001:d b 8 :213:1::/6 4 e u i-6 4
N e tw o rk
I P v 4 : 19 2. 16 8 . 9 9 . 1
I P v 6 : 20 0 1:db 8 :213:1::/ 6 4 eu i -6 4
C is c o I O S ® I s I P v 6 -E na b l e :
I f I P v 4 and I P v 6 are c onf ig u red on one interf ac e, th e rou ter is du al -stac k ed
T el net, P ing , T rac erou te, S S H , DN S c l ient, T F T P , etc .
Tu n n e l i n g
T u n n el i n g
M any Ways to D o Tu nneling
S om e ideas sam e as bef ore
G R E , M P L S , IP
N ative IP over data link layers

A T M P V C , d W D M L amb d a, F rame R e l ay P V C , S e rial ,
S one t / S D H , E t h e rne t
S om e new tec h niq u es

A ut omat ic t unne l s using I P v 4 , comp at ib l e I P v 6 ad d re ss,
6 t o4 , I S A T A P
M a n u a l l y C on fi g u red IPv6 over
IPv4 T u n n el
D u a l -S t a c k D u a l -S t a c k
R o u te r1 R o u te r2
IPv4 IP v 6
IP v 6
n etw o rk n etw o rk
IPv4 : 1 9 2 . 1 68 . 9 9 . 1 IPv4 : 1 9 2 . 1 68 . 30 . 1
IPv6: 2 0 0 1 : d b 8 : 8 0 0 : 1 : : 3 IPv6: 2 0 0 1 : d b 8 : 8 0 0 : 1 : : 2
ro u te r1# ro u te r2#
inte rfac e T u nne l 0 inte rfac e T u nne l 0

ip v 6 e nab l e ip v 6 e nab l e
ip v 6 ad d re ss 2001:d b 8 :c 18 :1::3/127 ip v 6 ad d re ss 2001:d b 8 :c 18 :1::2/127
tu nne l so u rc e 19 2. 16 8 . 9 9 . 1 tu nne l so u rc e 19 2. 16 8 . 30. 1
tu nne l d e stinatio n 19 2. 16 8 . 30. 1 tu nne l d e stinatio n 19 2. 16 8 . 9 9 . 1
tu nne l m o d e ip v 6 ip tu nne l m o d e ip v 6 ip
6 t o 4 Tu n n e l i n g
Au t om a t i c 6t o4 T u n n el ( R F C 3 0 5 6)
IPv6 IPv6
H o s t A 6t o 4 R o u t e r 6t o 4 R o u t e r
H o s t B
IPv6 IPv4 IPv6
N e tw o rk N e tw o rk
1 9 2 . 1 68 . 9 9 . 1 1 9 2 . 1 68 . 30 . 1
N e t w o r k Pr e f i x : N e t w o r k Pr e f i x :
2 0 0 2 : c 0 a 8 : 630 1 : : / 4 8 2 0 0 2 :c 0 a 8 :1 e 0 1 ::/4 8
= =
6to4 :
I s an aut omat ic t unne l me t h od
G iv e s a p re f ix t o t h e at t ach e d I P v 6 ne t w ork
Pu b l i c IPv4
2 0 0 2 S L A In t e r f a c e ID
Ad d r e s s
/ 16 /4 8 /6 4
Au t om a t i c 6t o4 T u n n el ( R F C 3 0 5 6)
S =2 0 0 2 : c 0 a 8 : 630 1 : : 1 S =2 0 0 2 : c 0 a 8 : 630 1 : : 1
D =2 0 0 2 : c 0 a 8 : 1 e 0 1 : : 2 D =2 0 0 2 : c 0 a 8 : 1 e 0 1 : : 2
IPv6 H e a d e r IPv6 D a t a IPv6 H e a d e r IPv6 D a t a
IPv6 IPv6
H o s t A H o s t B
6t o 4 R o u t e r 6t o 4 R o u t e r
IPv6 IPv4 IPv6
2 0 0 2 : c 0 a 8 8 : 630 1 : : 1 1 9 2 . 1 68 . 9 9 . 1 1 9 2 . 1 68 . 30 . 1 2 0 0 2 :c 0 a 8 :1 e 0 1 ::2
T u n n e l : IPv6 i n IPv4 Pa c k e t
IPv4 H e a d e r IPv6 H e a d e r IPv6 D a t a
S ( v4 )=1 9 2 . 1 68 . 9 9 . 1
D ( v4 )=1 9 2 . 1 68 . 30 . 1
S ( v6)=2 0 0 2 : c 0 a 8 : 630 1 : : 1
D ( v6)=2 0 0 2 :c 0 a 8 :1 e 0 1 ::2
Au t om a t i c 6t o4 C on fi g u ra t i on
6t o 4 6t o 4
R o u te r1 R o u te r2
IPv4
IPv6 E 0 E 0 IPv6
1 9 2 . 1 68 . 9 9 . 1 1 9 2 . 1 68 . 30 . 1
2 0 0 2 : c 0 a 8 : 630 1 : : / 4 8 2 0 0 2 :c 0 a 8 :1 e 0 1 ::/4 8
= =
router1 # router2#
i n terf a c e E th ern et0 i n terf a c e E th ern et0
i p v 6 a d d res s 2002: c 0a 8 : 6 3 01 : 1 : : / 6 4 eui -6 4 i p v 6 a d d res s 2002: c 0a 8 : 1 e01 : 1 : : / 6 4 eui -6 4
I n terf a c e E th ern et1 I n terf a c e E th ern et1
i p a d d res s 1 9 2. 1 6 8 . 9 9 . 1 25 5 . 25 5 . 0. 0 i p a d d res s 1 9 2. 1 6 8 . 3 0. 1 25 5 . 25 5 . 0. 0
i n terf a c e T un n el 0 i n terf a c e T un n el 0
i p v 6 un n um b ered E th ern et0 i p v 6 un n um b ered E th ern et0
tun n el s ourc e E th ern et1 tun n el s ourc e E th ern et1
tun n el m od e i p v 6 i p 6 to4 tun n el m od e i p v 6 i p 6 to4
i p v 6 route 2002: : / 1 6 T un n el 0 i p v 6 route 2002: : / 1 6 T un n el 0
Au t om a t i c 6t o4 R el a y
IP v 6
I n tern et
6 to 4 6 to 4
R o u ter1 R el ay
IP v 6 IPv4 I P v 6 S i te
Netw o rk Netw o rk
1 9 2 . 1 68 . 9 9 . 1 1 9 2 . 1 68 . 30 . 1
2 0 0 2 : c 0 a 8 : 630 1 : : / 4 8 2 0 0 2 :c 0 a 8 :1 e 0 1 ::/4 8
= =
6to4 R elay:
I s a gat e w ay t o t h e re st of t h e I P v 6 I nt e rne t
I s a d e f aul t rout e r
Au t om a t i c 6t o4 R el a y C on fi g u ra t i on
6 to 4 6 to 4 IP v 6
R o u ter1 R el ay I n tern et
IP v 6 IPv4
E 0
Netw o rk
IP v 6
1 9 2 . 1 68 . 9 9 . 1 Netw o rk
N e t w o r k Pr e f i x :
IPv6 Ad d r e s s :
2 0 0 2 : c 0 a 8 : 630 1 : : / 4 8
2 0 0 2 :c 0 a 8 :1 e 0 1 ::1
=
router1 #
i n terf a c e E th ern et0
i p v 6 a d d res s 2002: c 0a 8 : 6 3 01 : 1 : : / 6 4 eui -6 4
I n terf a c e E th ern et1
i p a d d res s 1 9 2. 1 6 8 . 9 9 . 1 25 5 . 25 5 . 0. 0
i n terf a c e T un n el 0
n o i p a d d res s
i p v 6 un n um b ered E th ern et0
tun n el s ourc e E th ern et1
tun n el m od e i p v 6 i p 6 to4
i p v 6 route 2002: : / 1 6 T un n el 0
i p v 6 route : : / 0 2002: c 0a 8 : 1 e01 : : 1
I S A TA P Tu n n e l i n g
In t ra s i t e Au t om a t i c T u n n el Addres s
Prot oc ol
R FC 4 2 1 4
To dep loy a rou ter is identif ied th at c arries
IS ATAP servic es
IS ATAP rou ters need to h ave at least one IPv4
interf ac e and 0 or m ore IPv6 interf ac e
D N S entries are c reated f or eac h of th e IS ATAP rou ters
IPv4 addresses
H osts w ill au tom atic ally disc over IS ATAP rou ters and
c an get ac c ess to global IPv6 netw ork
H ost c an ap p ly th e IS ATAP servic e bef ore all th is
op eration bu t its interf ac e w ill only h ave a link loc al v6
address u ntil th e f irst rou ter ap p ears
In t ra s i t e Au t om a t i c T u n n el Addres s
Prot oc ol
U se IAN A’s O U I 00-00-5 E and
Enc ode IPv4 Address as Part of EU I-64
64 -b i t U n i c a s t Pr e f i x 0 0 0 0 :5 E F E : IPv4 Ad d r e s s
32-b i t 32-b i t
In t e r f a c e
Id e n t i f i e r
( 64 b i t s )
IS ATAP is u sed to tu nnel IPv4 w ith in as adm inistrative

dom ain ( a site) to c reate a virtu al IPv6 netw ork over a
IPv4 netw ork
S u p p orted in Window s X P Pro S P1 and oth ers
IPv6 C a m p u s IS AT AP C on fi g u ra t i on
S u p p orted in Window s X P Pro S P1 and oth ers

IS ATAP c onnec tions look lik e one f lat netw ork
C reate D N S “A” rec ord f or “IS ATAP” = 1 0. 1 . 1 . 1
U se S tatic C onf ig if D N S u se is not desired:
C:\>n e t s h i n t e r f a c e i p v 6 i s a t a p s e t
r o u t e r 1 0 . 1 . 1 . 1
C u rrently IS ATAP does not su p p ort m u ltic ast! !
I S A T A P A ddr es s Fo r m a t :
6 4 -b it U n ic a s t P r ef ix 0 0 0 0 : 5 E FE : I P v 4 A ddr es s
3 2 -b it 3 2 -b it
I n t er f a c e I D
2 0 0 1 : D B8 : C 0 0 3: 1 1 1 F : 0 : 5 E F E : 1 0 . 1 . 2 . 1 0 0
C l i en t C on fi g u ra t i on ( L i n u x ) :
IS AT AP T u n n el s
L in u x L 3 S w it c h IP v 6 L 3 I P v 6 -e nab l e d
C lien t I P v 6 N o t S u p p o r t ed S w it c h / R o u t er
R e q uire s K e rne l sup p ort
f or I S A T A P —U S A G I
M od if ie d I P rout e p ack age —
1 0 . 1 . 1 . 1 0 0 —C lien t I P v 4 a ddr es s U S A G I
2 0 0 1 : D B 8 : C 0 0 3 : 1 1 1 f : 0 : 5 ef e: 1 0 . 1 . 1 . 1 0 0 —I P v 6 a ddr es s
M ust conf igure I S A T A P
rout e r—not aut omat ic
H o s t IP R o u t e r IP
# ip tu nne l ad d is0 m o d e isatap 10. 1. 1. 100 v 4 any 30. 1. 1. 1 ttl 6 4

# ip l ink se t is0 u p
Au t om a t i c Advert i s em en t of
IS AT AP Prefi x
I S A T A P Ho s t A I S A T A P R o u ter 1
I P v 4 Netw o rk
E 0 IP v 6
I S A T A P T u n n el Netw o rk
IC M P v 6 T y p e 133 ( R S )
IP v 4 S o u rc e: 20 6 . 123. 20 . 10 0
IP v 4 D es ti n ati o n : 20 6 . 123. 31. 20 0
IP v 6 S o u rc e: f e8 0 ::5 ef e:c e7 b :14 6 4
IP v 6 D es ti n ati o n : f e8 0 ::5 ef e:c e7 b :1f c 8
S en d m e I S A T A P P ref i x IC M P v 6 T y p e 134 ( R A )
IP v 4 S o u rc e: 20 6 . 123. 31. 20 0
IP v 4 D es ti n ati o n : 20 6 . 123. 20 . 10 0
IP v 6 S o u rc e: f e8 0 ::5 ef e:c e7 b :1f c 8
IP v 6 D es ti n ati o n : f e8 0 ::5 ef e:c e7 b :14 6 4
IS A T A P P ref i x: 20 0 1:db 8 :f f f f :2::/ 6 4
Au t om a t i c Addres s As s i g n m en t of H os t
a n d R ou t er
I P v 4 Netw o rk
E 0 IP v 6
20 6 . 123. 20 . 10 0 20 6 . 123. 31. 20 0
f e8 0 ::5 ef e:c e7 b :14 6 4 f e8 0 ::5 ef e:c e7 b :1f c 8
20 0 1:db 8 :f f f f :2::5 ef e:c e7 b :14 6 4 20 0 1:db 8 :f f f f :2::5 ef e:c e7 b :1f c 8
I S A T A P h ost A re ce iv e s t h e I S A T A P p re f ix 2 001 : d b 8 : f f f f : 2 : : / 6 4
f rom I S A T A P R out e r 1
W h e n I S A T A P h ost A w ant s t o se nd I P v 6 p ack e t s t o
2 001 : d b 8 : f f f f : 2 : : 5 e f e : ce 7 b : 1 f c8 , I S A T A P h ost A e ncap sul at e s
IP v 6 p ack e t s in I P v 4 . T h e I P v 4 p ack e t s of t h e I P v 6 e ncap sul at e d
p ack e t s use I P v 4 source and d e st inat ion ad d re ss.
Au t om a t i c C on fi g u ri n g IS AT AP
I P v 4 Netw o rk
E 0 IP v 6
20 6 . 123. 20 . 10 0 20 6 . 123. 31. 20 0
f e8 0 ::5 ef e:c e7 b :14 6 4 f e8 0 ::5 ef e:c e7 b :1f c 8
20 0 1:db 8 :f f f f :2::5 ef e:c e7 b :14 6 4 20 0 1:db 8 :f f f f :2::5 ef e:c e7 b :1f c 8
I S A T A P -router1 #
T h e tu n n e l s o u r c e c o m m a n d m u s t p o in t
!
i n terf a c e E th ern et0 to a n in te r fa c e w ith a n IP v 4 a d d r e s s
i p a d d res s 206 . 1 23 . 3 1 . 200 25 5 . 25 5 . 25 5 . 0 c o n fig u r e d
!
i n terf a c e T un n el 0 C o n fig u r e th e IS A T A P IP v 6 a d d r e s s , a n d
i p v 6 a d d res s 2001 : d b 8 : f f f f : 2: : / 6 4 eui -6 4 p r e fix e s to b e a d v e r tis e d ju s t a s y o u
n o i p v 6 n d s up p res s -ra w o u ld w ith a n a tiv e IP v 6 in te r fa c e
tun n el s ourc e E th ern et0
tun n el m od e i p v 6 i p i s a ta p T h e IP v 6 a d d re s s h a s to b e c o n fig u r e d
a s a n E U I -6 4 a d d re s s s in c e th e la s t 3 2
b its in th e in te r fa c e id e n tifie r is u s e d a s
th e IP v 4 d e s tin a tio n a d d re s s
C on c l u s i on
I P v 6 is real !
S tart now rath er th an l ater
Purchase for the future
S tart m ov i n g l eg acy ap p l i cati on tow ard s I Pv 6 sup p ort
T est, test an d then test som e m ore!
I nteg ration c an b e done p er Ap p l ic ation ( Du al S tac k or T u nnel ed)
M ic rosof t V ista and L ong h orn h av e I P v 6 enab l ed b y def au l t and p ref erred
ov er I P v 4
T h ing s to c onsider:
D on ’t assum e y our fav ori te v en d or/ ap p / g ear has an I Pv 6 p l an
F ul l p ari ty b etw een I Pv 4 an d I Pv 6 i s sti l l a w ay s off
W atch the stan d ard s an d p ol i ci es: http : / / w w w . i etf. org &
http : / / w w w . ari n . n et/ p ol i cy / p rop osal s/ 2 0 0 6 _ 4 . htm l
E nterp rise and S P Dep l oy m ent S c enarios:
I S P I Pv 6 D ep l oy m en t S cen ari os i n B road b an d A ccess N etw ork s ( R F C 4 7 7 9 )
S cen ari os an d A n al y si s for I n trod uci n g I Pv 6 i n to I S P N etw ork s ( R F C 4 0 2 9 )
I Pv 6 E n terp ri se N etw ork S cen ari os ( R F C 4 0 5 7 )
Proced ures for R en um b eri n g an I Pv 6 N etw ork w i thout a F l ag D ay ( R F C 4 1 9 2 )
Q a n d A
R ec om m en ded R ea di n g
M ore In form a t i on
C C O IPv6
h ttp : / / w w w . c isc o. c om / ip v 6
IPv6 e-L earning [ req u ires C C O u sernam e/ p assw ord]
h ttp : / / w w w . c isc o. c om / w arp / c u stom er/ 7 3 2/ T ec h / ip v 6 / el earning /
IPv6 Ac c ess S ervic es
h ttp : / / w w w . c isc o. c om / w arp / p u b l ic / 7 3 2/ T ec h / ip v 6 / doc s/ ip v 6 _ ac c ess_ w p
_ v 2. p df
IC M Pv6 Pac k et Typ es and C odes Tec h N ote
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Gter24 Introduction To Ipv6: Igor Giangrossi

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Gter24 Introduction To Ipv6: Igor Giangrossi

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GTER24

IETF IPv6 WG began in early 90s, to solve addressing

It w as c reated as a tem p solu tion

Next Header = 17 E xt Hdr L en g th

M inim u m link M TU f or IPv6 is 1 2 8 0 oc tets

Im p lem entations are ex p ec ted to p erf orm p ath M TU

V 6 address is rep resented th e sam e w ay:

O nly leading z eros are om itted. Trailing z eros are not

Addresses are assigned to interf ac es

Interf ac e “ex p ec ted” to h ave m u ltip le addresses

Addresses h ave lif etim e

N o m ore broadc ast addresses

Aggregatable Global U nic ast Addresses Are:

U niq u e-L oc al Addresses U sed f or:

IP m u ltic ast address h as a p ref ix FF00: : / 8

8-b i t 4-b i t 4-b i t 112-b i t

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 L if e t ime S cop e G rou p -I D

N ot e t h at 02 me ans t h at t h is is a p e rmane nt ad d re ss and h as l ink

Internet C ontrol M essage Protoc ol version 6

N eigh bor disc overy u ses IC M Pv6 m essages,

1—I C M P T y p e = 133 ( R S ) 2—I C M P T y p e = 134 ( R A )

R out e r sol icit at ions (R S ) are se nt b y b oot ing nod e s t o re q ue st

Neighbor A d v ertis em ent

D u p lic ate Address D etec tion ( D AD ) u ses neigh bor

H o s tn a m e to A rec o rd: A A A A rec o rd:

PT R rec o rd: PT R rec o rd:

U p dated version of D H C P f or IPv4

r1#sh ipv6 int fast0/0

D e f aul t rout e t o 2 001 : D B 8 : 1 : 1 : : 1

S im ilar c h arac teristic s as IPv4

L A N1: 20 0 1:db 8 :c 18 :1::/ 6 4

A w ide range of tec h niq u es h ave been identif ied and

Ex p ec t all of th ese to be u sed, in c om bination

N ative IP over data link layers

S om e new tec h niq u es

inte rfac e T u nne l 0 inte rfac e T u nne l 0

i p v 6 route 2002: : / 1 6 T un n el 0 i p v 6 route 2002: : / 1 6 T un n el 0

IS ATAP is u sed to tu nnel IPv4 w ith in as adm inistrative

S u p p orted in Window s X P Pro S P1 and oth ers

# ip tu nne l ad d is0 m o d e isatap 10. 1. 1. 100 v 4 any 30. 1. 1. 1 ttl 6 4

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