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0712 2 PDF
0712 2 PDF
Typical Application
+5 V
8
1 VCC
IP+
7 VOUT
2 CBYP
IP+ VIOUT
0.1 μF
IP ACS712
3 6
IP– FILTER CF
4
IP– 5 1 nF
GND
ACS712-DS, Rev. 7
Fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current Sensor with
ACS712 2.1 kVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-Resistance Current Conductor
Description (continued)
loss. The thickness of the copper conductor allows survival of The ACS712 is provided in a small, surface mount SOIC8 package.
the device at up to 5× overcurrent conditions. The terminals of The leadframe is plated with 100% matte tin, which is compatible
the conductive path are electrically isolated from the sensor leads with standard lead (Pb) free printed circuit board assembly processes.
(pins 5 through 8). This allows the ACS712 current sensor to be Internally, the device is Pb-free, except for flip-chip high-temperature
used in applications requiring electrical isolation without the use Pb-based solder balls, currently exempt from RoHS. The device is
of opto-isolators or other costly isolation techniques. fully calibrated prior to shipment from the factory.
Selection Guide
TA Optimized Range, IP Sensitivity, Sens
Part Number Packing*
(°C) (A) (Typ) (mV/A)
ACS712ELCTR-05B-T Tape and reel, 3000 pieces/reel –40 to 85 ±5 185
ACS712ELCTR-20A-T Tape and reel, 3000 pieces/reel –40 to 85 ±20 100
ACS712ELCTR-30A-T Tape and reel, 3000 pieces/reel –40 to 85 ±30 66
*Contact Allegro for additional packing options.
Parameter Specification
CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 60950-1-03
Fire and Electric Shock UL 60950-1:2003
EN 60950-1:2001
+5 V
VCC
(Pin 8)
Hall Current
Drive
(Pin 2)
Cancellation
Signal VIOUT
Recovery (Pin 7)
RF(INT)
IP−
(Pin 3)
Sense
Trim
IP−
(Pin 4) 0 Ampere
Offset Adjust
GND FILTER
(Pin 5) (Pin 6)
Pin-out Diagram
IP+ 1 8 VCC
IP+ 2 7 VIOUT
IP– 3 6 FILTER
IP– 4 5 GND
COMMON OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS1 over full range of TA , CF = 1 nF, and VCC = 5 V, unless otherwise specified
Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Supply Voltage VCC 4.5 5.0 5.5 V
Supply Current ICC VCC = 5.0 V, output open – 10 13 mA
Output Capacitance Load CLOAD VIOUT to GND – – 10 nF
Output Resistive Load RLOAD VIOUT to GND 4.7 – – kΩ
Primary Conductor Resistance RPRIMARY TA = 25°C – 1.2 – mΩ
Rise Time tr IP = IP(max), TA = 25°C, COUT = open – 5 – μs
Frequency Bandwidth f –3 dB, TA = 25°C; IP is 10 A peak-to-peak – 80 – kHz
Nonlinearity ELIN Over full range of IP – 1.5 – %
Symmetry ESYM Over full range of IP 98 100 102 %
VCC ×
Zero Current Output Voltage VIOUT(Q) Bidirectional; IP = 0 A, TA = 25°C – – V
0.5
Output reaches 90% of steady-state level, TJ = 25°C, 20 A present
Power-On Time tPO – 35 – μs
on leadframe
Magnetic Coupling2 – 12 – G/A
Internal Filter Resistance3 RF(INT) 1.7 kΩ
1Device may be operated at higher primary current levels, IP, and ambient, TA , and internal leadframe temperatures, TA , provided that the Maximum
Junction Temperature, TJ(max), is not exceeded.
21G = 0.1 mT.
3R
F(INT) forms an RC circuit via the FILTER pin.
x05B PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS TA = –40°C to 85°C1, CF = 1 nF, and VCC = 5 V, unless otherwise specified
Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units
Optimized Accuracy Range IP –5 – 5 A
Sensitivity Sens Over full range of IP, TA = 25°C 180 185 190 mV/A
Peak-to-peak, TA = 25°C, 185 mV/A programmed Sensitivity,
Noise VNOISE(PP) – 21 – mV
CF = 47 nF, COUT = open, 2 kHz bandwidth
TA = –40°C to 25°C – –0.26 – mV/°C
Zero Current Output Slope ∆IOUT(Q)
TA = 25°C to 150°C – –0.08 – mV/°C
TA = –40°C to 25°C – 0.054 – mV/A/°C
Sensitivity Slope ∆Sens
TA = 25°C to 150°C – –0.008 – mV/A/°C
Total Output Error2 ETOT IP =±5 A, TA = 25°C – ±1.5 – %
1Device may be operated at higher primary current levels, IP, and ambient temperatures, TA, provided that the Maximum Junction Temperature, TJ(max),
is not exceeded.
2Percentage of I , with I = 5 A. Output filtered.
P P
x20A PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS TA = –40°C to 85°C1, CF = 1 nF, and VCC = 5 V, unless otherwise specified
Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units
Optimized Accuracy Range IP –20 – 20 A
Sensitivity Sens Over full range of IP, TA = 25°C 96 100 104 mV/A
Peak-to-peak, TA = 25°C, 100 mV/A programmed Sensitivity,
Noise VNOISE(PP) – 11 – mV
CF = 47 nF, COUT = open, 2 kHz bandwidth
TA = –40°C to 25°C – –0.34 – mV/°C
Zero Current Output Slope ∆IOUT(Q)
TA = 25°C to 150°C – –0.07 – mV/°C
TA = –40°C to 25°C – 0.017 – mV/A/°C
Sensitivity Slope ∆Sens
TA = 25°C to 150°C – –0.004 – mV/A/°C
Total Output Error2 ETOT IP =±20 A, TA = 25°C – ±1.5 – %
1Device may be operated at higher primary current levels, IP, and ambient temperatures, TA, provided that the Maximum Junction Temperature,
TJ(max), is not exceeded.
2Percentage of I , with I = 20 A. Output filtered.
P P
x30A PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS TA = –40°C to 85°C1, CF = 1 nF, and VCC = 5 V, unless otherwise specified
Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units
Optimized Accuracy Range IP –30 – 30 A
Sensitivity Sens Over full range of IP , TA = 25°C 64 66 68 mV/A
Peak-to-peak, TA = 25°C, 66 mV/A programmed Sensitivity,
Noise VNOISE(PP) – 7 – mV
CF = 47 nF, COUT = open, 2 kHz bandwidth
TA = –40°C to 25°C – –0.35 – mV/°C
Zero Current Output Slope ∆IOUT(Q)
TA = 25°C to 150°C – –0.08 – mV/°C
TA = –40°C to 25°C – 0.007 – mV/A/°C
Sensitivity Slope ∆Sens
TA = 25°C to 150°C – –0.002 – mV/A/°C
Total Output Error2 ETOT IP = ±30 A , TA = 25°C – ±1.5 – %
1Device may be operated at higher primary current levels, IP, and ambient temperatures, TA, provided that the Maximum Junction Temperature,
TJ(max), is not exceeded.
2Percentage of I , with I = 30 A. Output filtered.
P P
Characteristic Performance
IP = 5 A, unless otherwise specified
Mean Supply Current versus Ambient Temperature Supply Current versus Supply Voltage
10.30 10.9
10.25 10.8
10.20
10.7
10.15
ICC (mA)
10.10 10.6
Mean ICC (mA)
–1.5 VCC = 5 V
0.4
ELIN (%)
IOM (mA)
–2.0
VCC = 5 V; IP = 0 A,
–2.5 0.3
After excursion to 20 A
–3.0
–3.5 0.2
–4.0
0.1
–4.5
–5.0 0
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
TA (°C) TA (°C)
Mean Total Output Error versus Ambient Temperature Sensitivity versus Ambient Temperature
8 186.5
6 186.0
185.5
Sens (mV/A)
4 185.0
ETOT (%)
2 184.5
184.0
0
183.5
–2 183.0
–4 182.5
182.0
–6 181.5
–8 181.0
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
TA (°C) TA (°C)
3.0
170.00
VIOUT (V)
0 A Output Voltage versus Ambient Temperature 0 A Output Voltage Current versus Ambient Temperature
2520 0.20
2515 0.15
2510 IP = 0 A 0.10 IP = 0 A
VIOUT(Q) (mV)
IOUT(Q) (A)
2505 0.05
2500 0
2495 –0.05
2490 –0.10
2485 –0.15
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
TA (°C) TA (°C)
Characteristic Performance
IP = 20 A, unless otherwise specified
Mean Supply Current versus Ambient Temperature Supply Current versus Supply Voltage
9.7 10.4
9.6 10.2
10.0 VCC = 5 V
Mean ICC (mA)
9.5
ICC (mA)
9.8
9.4 VCC = 5 V
9.6
9.3
9.4
9.2 9.2
9.1 9.0
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5
TA (°C) VCC (V)
ELIN (%)
IOM (mA)
–2.0 0.20
–2.5 VCC = 5 V; IP = 0 A,
After excursion to 20 A 0.15
–3.0
–3.5 0.10
–4.0
0.05
–4.5
–5.0 0
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
TA (°C) TA (°C)
Mean Total Output Error versus Ambient Temperature Sensitivity versus Ambient Temperature
8 100.8
6 100.6
4 100.4
100.2
Sens (mV/A)
2
ETOT (%)
100.0
0
99.8
–2
99.6
–4 99.4
–6 99.2
–8 99.0
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
TA (°C) TA (°C)
Output Voltage versus Sensed Current Sensitivity versus Sensed Current
5.0 110.00
4.5 108.00 TA (°C)
–40
4.0 106.00
25
3.5 VCC = 5 V 104.00 85
Sens (mV/A)
0 A Output Voltage versus Ambient Temperature 0 A Output Voltage Current versus Ambient Temperature
2525 0.25
2520 0.20
2515 0.15
VIOUT(Q) (mV)
2510 IP = 0 A 0.10 IP = 0 A
IOUT(Q) (A)
2505 0.05
2500 0
2495 –0.05
2490 –0.10
2485 –0.15
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
TA (°C) TA (°C)
Characteristic Performance
IP = 30 A, unless otherwise specified
Mean Supply Current versus Ambient Temperature Supply Current versus Supply Voltage
9.6 10.2
9.5 10.0
9.4
9.8
ICC (mA)
VCC = 5 V
Mean ICC (mA)
9.3 VCC = 5 V
9.6
9.2
9.4
9.1
9.0 9.2
8.9 9.0
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5
TA (°C) VCC (V)
ELIN (%)
IOM (mA)
–2.0
0.25
–2.5 VCC = 5 V; IP = 0 A,
0.20
–3.0 After excursion to 20 A
0.15
–3.5
–4.0 0.10
–4.5 0.05
–5.0 0
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
TA (°C) TA (°C)
Mean Total Output Error versus Ambient Temperature Sensitivity versus Ambient Temperature
8 66.6
6 66.5
66.4
Sens (mV/A)
4
ETOT (%)
66.3
2
66.2
0
66.1
–2
66.0
–4 65.9
–6 65.8
–8 65.7
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
TA (°C) TA (°C)
3.0 66.00
2.5 TA (°C) 65.00
–40 64.00 TA (°C)
2.0
–20 –40
1.5 25 63.00
25
1.0 85 62.00 85
0.5 125 61.00 150
0 60.00
–30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30
Ip (A)
IP (A)
0 A Output Voltage versus Ambient Temperature 0 A Output Voltage Current versus Ambient Temperature
2535 0.35
2530 0.30
2525 0.25
2520 0.20
VIOUT(Q) (mV)
IP = 0 A IP = 0 A
IOUT(Q) (A)
2515 0.15
2510 0.10
2505 0.05
2500 0
2495 –0.05
2490 –0.10
2485 –0.15
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
TA (°C) TA (°C)
Noise (VNOISE). The product of the linear IC amplifier gain • Full-scale current at 25°C. Accuracy of sensing the full-scale
(mV/G) and the noise floor for the Allegro Hall effect linear IC current at 25°C, without the effects of temperature.
(≈1 G). The noise floor is derived from the thermal and shot • Full-scale current over Δ temperature. Accuracy of sensing full-
noise observed in Hall elements. Dividing the noise (mV) by the scale current flow including temperature effects.
sensitivity (mV/A) provides the smallest current that the device is
Ratiometry. The ratiometric feature means that its 0 A output,
able to resolve.
VIOUT(Q), (nominally equal to VCC/2) and sensitivity, Sens, are
Linearity (ELIN). The degree to which the voltage output from proportional to its supply voltage, VCC . The following formula is
the sensor varies in direct proportion to the primary current
used to derive the ratiometric change in 0 A output voltage,
through its full-scale amplitude. Nonlinearity in the output can be
attributed to the saturation of the flux concentrator approaching ΔVIOUT(Q)RAT (%).
the full-scale current. The following equation is used to derive the VIOUT(Q)VCC / VIOUT(Q)5V
linearity: 100
VCC / 5 V
{ [
100 1–
Δ gain × % sat ( VIOUT_full-scale amperes – VIOUT(Q) )
2 (VIOUT_half-scale amperes – VIOUT(Q) ) [{ The ratiometric change in sensitivity, ΔSensRAT (%), is defined as:
SensVCC / Sens5V
where VIOUT_full-scale amperes = the output voltage (V) when the 100
sensed current approximates full-scale ±IP . ‰ VCC / 5 V
Symmetry (ESYM). The degree to which the absolute voltage
output from the sensor varies in proportion to either a positive Output Voltage versus Sensed Current
Accuracy at 0 A and at Full-Scale Current
or negative full-scale primary current. The following formula is
used to derive symmetry: Increasing VIOUT(V)
Accuracy
VIOUT_+ full-scale amperes – VIOUT(Q) Over $Temp erature
100
VIOUT(Q) – VIOUT_–full-scale amperes Accuracy
25°C Only
Electrical offset voltage (VOE). The deviation of the device out- –IP (A) +IP (A)
put from its ideal quiescent value of VCC / 2 due to nonmagnetic Full Scale
IP(max)
causes. To convert this voltage to amperes, divide by the device
sensitivity, Sens. 0A
Decreasing VIOUT(V)
Rise time (tr). The time interval between a) when the sensor I (%) Primary Current
reaches 10% of its full scale value, and b) when it reaches 90% 90
of its full scale value. The rise time to a step response is used to
derive the bandwidth of the current sensor, in which ƒ(–3 dB) =
Transducer Output
0.35 / tr. Both tr and tRESPONSE are detrimentally affected by eddy 10
current losses observed in the conductive IC ground plane. 0
t
Rise Time, tr
IP =0 A
100
80
60
40
20
0 Output (mV)
0 10 20 30 40 50
CF (nF)
Noise vs. Filter Cap
10000
Noise versus External Filter Capacitance 15 A
Excitation Signal
1000
Noise(p-p) (mA)
100
10
1
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
CF (nF)
Rise Time versus External Filter Capacitance Rise Time versus External Filter Capacitance
1200 CF (nF) tr (μs)
400
1000 0 6.6 350
1 7.7 300
800 4.7 17.4
250
tr(μs)
tr(μs)
10 32.1
600 22 68.2 200
47 88.2 150
400
200
0
} Expanded in chart at right
100
220
470
291.3
623.0
1120.0
100
50
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 0 25 50 75 100 125 150
CF (nF) CF (nF)
Chopper Stabilization is an innovative circuit technique that is As a result of this chopper stabilization approach, the output
used to minimize the offset voltage of a Hall element and an asso- voltage from the Hall IC is desensitized to the effects of tempera-
ciated on-chip amplifier. Allegro patented a Chopper Stabiliza- ture and mechanical stress. This technique produces devices that
tion technique that nearly eliminates Hall IC output drift induced have an extremely stable Electrical Offset Voltage, are immune to
by temperature or package stress effects. This offset reduction thermal stress, and have precise recoverability after temperature
technique is based on a signal modulation-demodulation process. cycling.
Modulation is used to separate the undesired dc offset signal from This technique is made possible through the use of a BiCMOS
the magnetically induced signal in the frequency domain. Then, process that allows the use of low-offset and low-noise amplifiers
using a low-pass filter, the modulated dc offset is suppressed in combination with high-density logic integration and sample
while the magnetically induced signal passes through the filter. and hold circuits.
Regulator
Clock/Logic
Low-Pass
Hall Element
Filter
Sample and
Hold
Amp
Typical Applications
+5 V
+5 V
VPEAK
CBYP
CBYP R1
C2 0.1 μF 100 kΩ
0.1 μF 0.1 μF VRESET
R4 Q1
10 kΩ 2N7002 R2
8 COUT 100 kΩ LM321
1 VCC 0.1 μF 8
1 + 5
IP+ 1 4 VOUT
7 VOUT + IP+ VCC
2
IP+ VIOUT 2 7 3 –
RF IP+ VIOUT 2
IP ACS712 10 kΩ
– RF
R1 U1 D1 C1
6 LT1178 1N914 IP ACS712 1 kΩ
3 1 MΩ 1000 pF
IP– FILTER CF 3 6 R3
4 1 nF IP– FILTER CF
3.3 kΩ
IP– 5 4
GND IP– 5 0.01 μF
R3 C1 GND
R2 0.1 μF
33 kΩ 330 kΩ
Application 4. Rectified Output. 3.3 V scaling and rectification application Application 5. 10 A Overcurrent Fault Latch. Fault threshold set by R1 and
for A-to-D converters. Replaces current transformer solutions with simpler R2. This circuit latches an overcurrent fault and holds it until the 5 V rail is
ACS circuit. C1 is a function of the load resistance and filtering desired. powered down.
R1 can be omitted if the full range is desired.
In low-frequency sensing applications, it is often advantageous temperature. Therefore, signal attenuation will vary as a function
to add a simple RC filter to the output of the sensor. Such a low- of temperature. Note that, in many cases, the input impedance,
pass filter improves the signal-to-noise ratio, and therefore the RINTFC , of a typical analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can be as
resolution, of the sensor output signal. However, the addition of low as 10 kΩ.
an RC filter to the output of a sensor IC can result in undesirable
sensor output attenuation — even for dc signals. The ACS712 contains an internal resistor, a FILTER pin connec-
tion to the printed circuit board, and an internal buffer amplifier.
Signal attenuation, ∆VATT , is a result of the resistive divider
With this circuit architecture, users can implement a simple
effect between the resistance of the external filter, RF (see
Application 6), and the input impedance and resistance of the RC filter via the addition of a capacitor, CF (see Application 7)
customer interface circuit, RINTFC. The transfer function of this from the FILTER pin to ground. The buffer amplifier inside of
resistive divider is given by: the ACS712 (located after the internal resistor and FILTER pin
⎛ RINTFC ⎞ connection) eliminates the attenuation caused by the resistive
∆VATT = VIOUT ⎜ .
⎜ RF + RINTFC ⎟ divider effect described in the equation for ∆VATT. Therefore, the
⎝ ⎠ ACS712 device is ideal for use in high-accuracy applications
Even if RF and RINTFC are designed to match, the two individual that cannot afford the signal attenuation associated with the use
resistance values will most likely drift by different amounts over of an external RC low-pass filter.
+5 V
Allegro ACS706
Application 6. When a low pass filter is constructed
externally to a standard Hall effect device, a resistive Voltage
Regulator
divider may exist between the filter resistor, RF, and To all subcircuits
the resistance of the customer interface circuit, RINTFC.
VIOUT Resistive Divider
This resistive divider will cause excessive attenuation, Pin 7
Dynamic Offset
Input
Cancellation
Temperature
Gain Offset CF
Coefficient
1 nF RINTFC
Trim Control
+5 V
VCC
Pin 8
Allegro ACS712
Application 7. Using the FILTER pin
provided on the ACS712 eliminates the Hall Current
Drive
attenuation effects of the resistor divider
between RF and RINTFC, shown in Appli- IP+
Pin 1 Sense Temperature
Coefficient Trim
cation 6. IP+ Buffer Amplifier
Dynamic Offset
Signal VIOUT
Recovery Pin 7
Input
IP– Application
Pin 3 Interface
Sense
Trim Circuit
IP–
Pin 4 0 Ampere
Offset Adjust
RINTFC
GND FILTER
Pin 5 Pin 6 CF
1 nF
0.21
3.90 6.00
A 0.84
1 2
0.25
SEATING PLANE
8X C GAUGE PLANE
SEATING
0.10 C PLANE
All dimensions nominal, not for tooling use
(reference JEDEC MS-012 AA)
0.41 1.75 MAX
Dimensions in millimeters
1.27 0.18 A Terminal #1 mark area
1 8
Package Branding
Text 3
Text 2
Text 1
2 7
Two alternative patterns are used
3 6
4 5