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Lateral Blow-Out Failure of Headed Studs Near A Free Edge: Furche and Elingehausen
Lateral Blow-Out Failure of Headed Studs Near A Free Edge: Furche and Elingehausen
Lateral Blow-Out Failure of Headed Studs Near A Free Edge: Furche and Elingehausen
Synopsis: Pullout tests with headed studs placed near a free edge
have been carried out. In most of the tests blow-out failure
occurred. On the basis of this and other available test results
an empirical equation for calculating the failure load was
derived. The equation takes into account the influence of the
edge distance, the concrete strength and the load bearing area.
The equation for calculating the failure load shows good agreement
with the test results. The equation for calculating the critical
edge distance at which the failure mode changes to steel rupture
or to concrete cone failure is given . The values for critical
edge distance are different from the values in ACI 349, Appendix
B, because of the ACI 349 overestimates the concrete capacity for
large edge distances.
235
236 Furche and Elingehausen
INTRODUCTION
The capacity of tension loaded headed studs depends on the
material properties of the stud, the compressive and tensile
strength of the concrete, and the size of the concrete member.
The failure can be caused by rupture of the steel, by anchor
pullout or, given a sufficiently high steel capacity, by concrete
failure. various types of anchor failures are shown in Figure 1.
A splitting of the concrete member can be expected if the
member dimensions are small. If the member is sufficiently large,
a concrete cone is formed if the bolts are set at a sufficiently
large distance away from the edge. However, when the bolts are
placed near the edge, the size of the concrete cone decreases with
decreasing edge distance and the failure load decreases
accordingly. These modes of concrete failure have been
investigated quite thoroughly. The failure load of the headed
stud for these modes of failure can be calculated by equation (1)
/1/:
Fu - X• • 17 • 3· r;-.
V~c 1 d1.5 (1)
LITERATURE REVIEW
(2)
(3)
FQ - 1.04/a· m2 • Jf~
with a - 0.25
In 111, it is assumed that the resistance ZQ can be
calculated according to equation (1) when 1. is substituted by the
edge distance m. The ratio a - Z/F was evaluated from the results
of tests and was found to be a - 0.25 to 0.6. Thus
FQ - ~
a • 17.3 • m1. 5 • rt:
yr.c
(4)
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS
TEST RESULTS
(7.)
REFERENCES
,
/1/ Rehm, G.; Eligehausen, R.; Mallee, R. :
Befestigungstechnik, Betonkalender 1988, Verlag Ernst &
Sohn, Berlin 1988, in German.
• a Ab , NUlllber ot tests
- - -'
Embedment depth Id [_)
40 7.5 766 90 3
60 I 3 3 3 5 3
80 7.5 766 3
60 3 264 3
10 1100 90 3
7.5 766 20 3
60 7.5 766 5 3
:& 3 3 3 23 3
steel
failure f
concrete t pUl-out
cone failure
t
.."
blow-out
~ splitting
embedment
depth
Id lmml
,,-......-
C-.jIf--- ••• "
y [mml y/m
m=80mm
200.0
old = 400 mm _
V '\
lS0.0
.....
Z
m = 60mm
.x
......
/ 1 = 90°
I
U-
100.0
a = 7.5 mm-
~
"C
C
.B
a)
so.o
I "'" "\
~
0.0
o. 0 2.0 4.0 s.o e.o 10.0 12.0
displacement s [mm]
,.s
F.,
.....E
......
E S.o • CD --+---+---+---+---1
--m
>
E
ev 2.S
:i
• (5j -l~--+--?~:...::~--+----l
.90.
-
If)
'is
c 0.0
--
L-
ev
.9
displacement s[mm]
b)
- eql8l
t-.....
'50
Z
~
..,
I.':' .q.l1l.x.c 1 V
,...
.~
""-I
-
oa
L-
·s
50
.J • concrete cone fai
~1I.1I.=1
abiow out
o V
o
I
200
I _
....
• Jnbedlllellt depth 'dllall]
V
240
.. ·
, 9
i
..."
1 '20
/'
V. D
/ :.r-"'~\8l
.5 ·
I
- ..
·a ·
,/
· /
·
o
o 20 40 10 .. ,...
edge cistunce III '11111]
....
,., .--
z ~
=
. ~ D
....'" /;
1.. ,
"""""'-..eq(8)
-
~
0
°
/
~
'"
-/
-
o
• 4~ ~ .~ ~ 1l~ 1400
beortng area "t, I_mll
...
.
'00
z
= ,.
....:> a
a
1.. 8
-
!s B
'a a
'"
D
D
0.0
...
G.2
a=O.1·jPJif ... ....
0.'
a tests tab1
• tests Iitl61
o 2 o • • to tJ
•• II ,•
Fig. H--Ratio a between lateral force and tensile load as a function of the
ratio between the pressure in the load bearing area and concrete strength
F~U~/~(~m~._J~~~·~)________________~~
1200.
1000 lU·/A;
1100
•
800
t.,.-O~~I
I 0 ... t. tab. 1 • t..t. UL 161 I
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
bearing area Ab I mm2 J
~,~ r--------------:T~~
~ .. OJ _t:..:;YPf...;..-l_ _,
o.s Id iAb''rJ - o.s
~4
0.3
0.2
500 ~=2SN/mm2
=
Z
u..::J
"0
D 300
......
~
-
::J
200
I
~6
q.161
Ab=831mm 2
'X)() ql61
Ab=356mm2