RIZAL AND OTHER

HEROES
MJ TIMPLE
Constitutional Provision
◦ They shall inculcate patriotism and nationalism, foster
love of humanity, respect for human rights,
appreciation of the role of national heroes in the
historical development of the country, teach the rights
and duties of citizenship, strengthen ethical and spiritual
values, develop moral character and personal
discipline, encourage critical and creative thinking,
broaden scientific and technological knowledge, and
promote vocational efficiency. (Art 14. Education,
Science, Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports, Sec. 2)
Statutory Provision
◦ The teaching of Jose Rizal’s life, works, and writings is
mandated by Republic Act 1425, otherwise known as
the Rizal Law. Senator Jose P. Laurel, the person who
sponsored the said law, said that since Rizal was the
founder of Philippine nationalism and has contributed
much to the current standing of this nation, it is only right
that the youth as well as all the people in the country
know about and learn to imbibe the great ideals for
which he died.
THE HEROES
Gomburza
Three intellectuals who crusaded for
reform.
Killed by garrote in Bagumbayan
Manila on February 17, 1872 for
allegedly intigating the Cavite
mutiny.
Their execution opened the eyes of
many Filipinos Rizal to promote social
reform.
THE PROPAGANDIST
Dr. Jose P. Rizal
Born in Calamba, Laguna in June 19,
1861.
Published his masterpiece Noli Me
Tangere in Berlin (Germany) in 1887
and his second novel El Filibusterismo
in Ghent (Belgium) in 1891.
Contributed various literary works to
the La Solidaridad.
Killed in Bagumbayan, Manila on
December 30, 1896 by a musketry.
Buried in Paco cemetery in Manila,
but later on exhumed and given a
heroes burial at Bagumbayan.
His father, Francisco Mercado Rizal, an industrious
farmer whom Rizal called "a model of fathers," came
from Biñan, Laguna; while his mother, Teodora
Alonzo y Quintos, a highly cultured and
accomplished woman whom Rizal called "loving and
prudent mother," was born in Meisic, Sta. Cruz,
Manila. At the age of 3, he learned the alphabet
from his mother; at 5, while learning to read and
write, he already showed inclinations to be an artist.
He astounded his family and relatives by his pencil
drawings and sketches and by his moldings of clay.
 At the age 8, he wrote a Tagalog poem, "Sa Aking Mga Kabata,"
the theme of which revolves on the love of one’s language.

In 1877, at the age of 16, he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree with an
average of "excellent" from the Ateneo Municipal de Manila. In the same
year, he enrolled in Philosophy and Letters at the University of Santo
Tomas, while at the same time took courses leading to the degree of
surveyor and expert assessor at the Ateneo.
He finished the latter course on March 21, 1877 and passed the
Surveyor’s examination on May 21, 1878; but because of his age, 17, he
was not granted license to practice the profession until December 30,
1881. In 1878, he enrolled in medicine at the University of Santo Tomas
but had to stop in his studies when he felt that the Filipino students were
being discriminated upon by their Dominican tutors. On May 3, 1882, he
sailed for Spain where he continued his studies at the Universidad Central
de Madrid. On June 21, 1884, at the age of 23, he was conferred the
degree of Licentiate in Medicine and on June 19,1885, at the age of 24,
he finished his course in Philosophy and Letters with a grade of
"excellent."
◦ Having traveled extensively in Europe, America and Asia, he
mastered 22 languages. These include Arabic, Catalan, Chinese,
English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Latin,
Malayan, Portuguese, Russian, Sanskrit, Spanish, Tagalog, and
other native dialects. A versatile genius, he was an architect,
artists, businessman, cartoonist, educator, economist, ethnologist,
scientific farmer, historian, inventor, journalist, linguist, musician,
mythologist, nationalist, naturalist, novelist, opthalmic surgeon,
poet, propagandist, psychologist, scientist, sculptor, sociologist,
and theologian.
….Noli me Tangere….Filibusterismo

◦ He was an expert swordsman and a good shot. In the hope of securing

political and social reforms for his country and at the same time educate
his countrymen, Rizal, the greatest apostle of Filipino nationalism,
published, while in Europe, several works with highly nationalistic and
revolutionary tendencies. In March 1887, his daring book, NOLI ME
TANGERE, a satirical novel exposing the arrogance and despotism of the
Spanish clergy, was published in Berlin; in 1890 he reprinted in Paris,
Morga’s SUCCESSOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS with his annotations to prove
that the Filipinos had a civilization worthy to be proud of even long before
the Spaniards set foot on Philippine soil; on September 18, 1891, EL
FILIBUSTERISMO, his second novel and a sequel to the NOLI and more
revolutionary and tragic than the latter, was printed in Ghent. Because of
his fearless exposures of the injustices committed by the civil and clerical
officials, Rizal provoked the animosity of those in power. This led himself,
his relatives and countrymen into trouble with the Spanish officials of the
country.
Noli Me Tangere v. El Filibusterismo
Romantic Political Novel
Novel Work of the
Work of the head
Heart Book of
Book of thought
Feeling Contains:
It has: Bitterness,
Freshness, Hatred, Pain,
Color, humor, Violence, and
lightness, and Sorrow
Wit
◦ As a consequence, he and those who had contacts with him, were
shadowed; the authorities were not only finding faults but even
fabricating charges to pin him down. Thus, he was imprisoned in Fort
Santiago from July 6, 1892 to July 15, 1892 on a charge that anti-friar
pamphlets were found in the luggage of his sister Lucia who arrive with
him from Hong Kong. While a political exile in Dapitan, he engaged in
agriculture, fishing and business; he maintained and operated a
hospital; he conducted classes- taught his pupils the English and
Spanish languages, the arts.
Graciano Lopez- Jaena
 Founder and first editor of the
newspaper La Solidaridad, which
became the vehicle of expression for
Filipino propaganda in Spain.
Born in Iloilo on December 18, 1856.
He died on January 20, 1896, in
Barcelona Spain.
Mariano Ponce
 Researcher, historian, bibliographer,
propagandist, diplomat, physician,
folklorist, and an outstanding
reformist.
One of the initiator of La Solidaridad
and later became its managing
editor.
Died in Hongkong on May 23, 1918.
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
Political analyst of the Filipino Colony
in Spain.
Founded the nationalistic
newspaper, Diariong Tagalog.
Become the editor of La Solidaridad.
Juan Luna
Creator of the world- famous
painting, Spolarium, which is the
greatest painting of all time.
Associated with the propaganda
movement.
Pedro Paterno
2nd prime minister of the Philippines.
Among his other works include the
first novel written by a native
Filipino, Ninay (1885), and the first
Filipino collection of poems
in Spanish, Sampaguitas y otras
poesías varias ("Jasmines and Other
Various Poems"), published in Madrid
in 1880
Negotiator/ mediator of the Pact of
Biak-na-Bato.
He helped prepare the Malolos
Constitution.
THE KATIPUNAN
THE MAGDIWANG
Andres Bonifacio
Born in Tondo, Manila.
Founded the secret society,
Katipunan on July 7, 1892 to fight
spain.
The great plebian.
The president of the Tagalog
Republic.
The Supremo of the Katipunan
Married to Gregoria de Jesus.
He was killed on May 10, 1897, near
Mount Buntis, Maragondon, Cavite.
Gregoria de Jesus
 The Lakambini of the Katipunan.
Born in Kalookan City, on May 9,
1875.
Wife of Andres Bonifacio
Custodian of the Katipunan’s
documents.
She organized the Katipunan’s
Women Chapter.
Emilio Jacinto
Born in Trozo Manila on December
15, 1875.
He joined the Katipunan in 1894.
Brains of the Katipunan.
He wrote the Kartilya ng Katipunan,
the primer of the Katipunan which
embodied the teachings of the
organization.
He founded and edited the
Katipunan newspaper, Kalayaan.
Melchora Aquino
Better known as Tandang Sora.
Born in Banlat, Kalookan City on
January 6, 1812.
She helped the Katipuneros under
the leadership of Andres Bonifacio by
providing them food, shelter, and
other material goods.
She is recognized as the Grand
Woman of the Revolution and the
Mother of Balintawak.
THE MAGDALO
Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo
Born in Kawit, Cavite, on March 22,
1869.
Officially proclaimed the Philippine
independence in Malolos Bulacan,
on January 23, 1899.
The first president of the Republic of
the Philippines which is the first
republic in Asia.
The longest living president in the
Philippines.
Died at the Veterans Memorial
Hospital, Quezon City on February 6,
1964.
Gregorio Del Pilar
Born in November 14, 1875 in
Bulacan, Bulacan.
Died on December 2, 1899, in the
Battle of Tirad Pass to enable
Aguinaldo to escape from the
Americans.
The Hero of Tirad Pass.
Apolinario Mabini
Born in Talaga, Tanauan, Batangas
on June 22, 1864.
He joined the La liga Filipina and
Aguinaldo’s revolutionary
government.
Sublime paralytic and the brain of
the revolution.
Captured by American forces and
deported in Guam in January 1901.
He died in Manila on May 13, 1903.
General Antonio Luna
Born in Binondo Manila, on October
29, 1866.
The greatest general of the
revolution.
Younger brother of Juan Luna.
Editor of La Independencia.
He is one of the propagandists in
Spain who are working for political
reforms in the Philippines.
He contributed articles to La
Solidaridad.
He was assassinated in Cabanatuan
City, on June 5, 1899.
Felipe Agoncillo
Outstanding diplomat of the
Philippine revolution.
Organized the revolutionary junta in
Hong Kong and was eventually
appointed by General Emilio
Aguinaldo as a diplomat
representing the Philippine Republic
to the United States and to the Treaty
of Paris in 1898.
OTHER HEROES WHO
CONTRIBUTED
THROUGH
LITERATURE
Fernando Ma. Guerero
 Considered the greatest lyric poet in
Spanish.
One of the editorial staff of La
Independencia, the organ of the
Revolution.
Rafael Palma
Fourth President of the University of
the Philippines.
Founded El Nuevo Dia, Cebu’s first
daily.
Leona Florentino
First poetess in the
Philippines.
She is considered as the
"mother of Philippine
women's literature" and the
"bridge from oral to literary
tradition“.
END…