The document discusses several key ecosystem services including waste-water treatment, erosion prevention, soil fertility maintenance, local climate and air quality regulation, carbon sequestration, moderation of extreme events, pollination, biological control, and regulation of water flow. It also summarizes several Philippine laws aimed at ecosystem protection, waste management, water pollution prevention, clean air, and environmental impact assessments.
The document discusses several key ecosystem services including waste-water treatment, erosion prevention, soil fertility maintenance, local climate and air quality regulation, carbon sequestration, moderation of extreme events, pollination, biological control, and regulation of water flow. It also summarizes several Philippine laws aimed at ecosystem protection, waste management, water pollution prevention, clean air, and environmental impact assessments.
The document discusses several key ecosystem services including waste-water treatment, erosion prevention, soil fertility maintenance, local climate and air quality regulation, carbon sequestration, moderation of extreme events, pollination, biological control, and regulation of water flow. It also summarizes several Philippine laws aimed at ecosystem protection, waste management, water pollution prevention, clean air, and environmental impact assessments.
The document discusses several key ecosystem services including waste-water treatment, erosion prevention, soil fertility maintenance, local climate and air quality regulation, carbon sequestration, moderation of extreme events, pollination, biological control, and regulation of water flow. It also summarizes several Philippine laws aimed at ecosystem protection, waste management, water pollution prevention, clean air, and environmental impact assessments.
Maintaining the quality of air and soil, Waste-water treatment
providing flood and disease control,
Ecosystems such as wetlands filter or pollinating crops are some of the effluents, decompose waste through ‘regulating services' provided by the biological activity of ecosystems. They are often invisible microorganisms, and eliminate and therefore mostly taken for harmful pathogens. granted. When they are damaged, the resulting losses can be substantial Erosion prevention and maintenance and difficult to restore. of soil fertility
Local Climate Air Quality Vegetation cover prevents soil
erosion and ensures soil fertility Ecosystems influence the local through natural biological processes climate and air quality. For example, such as nitrogen fixation. Soil erosion trees provide shade whilst forests is a key factor in the process of land influence rainfall and water degradation, loss of soil fertility and availability both locally and desertification, and contributes to regionally. Trees or other plants also decreased productivity of play an important role in regulating downstream fisheries. air quality by removing pollutants from the atmosphere. Erosion prevention and maintenance of soil fertility Carbon sequestration and storage Vegetation cover prevents soil Ecosystems regulate the global erosion and ensures soil fertility climate by storing greenhouse gases. through natural biological processes For example, as trees and plants such as nitrogen fixation. Soil erosion grow, they remove carbon dioxide is a key factor in the process of land from the atmosphere and effectively degradation, loss of soil fertility and lock it away in their tissues. desertification, and contributes to Moderation of extreme events decreased productivity of downstream fisheries. Ecosystems and living organisms create buffers against natural Pollination disasters. They reduce damage from Insects and wind pollinate plants and floods, storms, tsunamis, avalanches, trees which is essential for the landslides and droughts. development of fruits, vegetables and seeds. Animal pollination is an The principal objective of ecosystem service mainly provided by ecosystem management is the insects but also by some birds and efficient maintenance and bats. In agro-ecosystems, pollinators ethical use of natural are essential for orchard, resources. It is a multifaceted horticultural and forage production, and holistic approach which as well as the production of seed for requires a significant change in many root and fibre crops. Pollinators how the natural and human such as bees, birds and bats affect 35 environments are identified percent of the world’s crop production, increasing outputs of around 75% of the leading food crops Several approaches to effective worldwide. ecosystem management engage conservation efforts at both a local or Biological control landscape level and involves: The activities of predators and adaptive management, natural parasites in ecosystems that act to resource management, strategic control populations of potential pest management, and command and and disease vector. control management. Regulation of Water Flow Adaptive management is based on the concept that predicting future Water flow regulation is a key service influences/disturbance to an provided by land cover and ecosystem is limited and configuration, but its dynamics are unclear.Therefore, the goal of poorly understood by most policy adaptive management is to manage makers and land management the ecosystem so it maintains the organisations. greatest amount of ecological Ecosystem management is a process integrity, but also to utilize that aims to conserve major management practices that have the ecological services and restore ability to change based on new natural resources while meeting the experience and insights. socioeconomic, political and cultural The term natural resource needs of current and future management is frequently used generations. when dealing with a particular resource for human use rather than Command and control managing the whole ecosystem.A management utilizes a linear main objective of natural resources problem solving approach management is the sustainability for where a perceived problem is future generations, which appoints solved through controlling ecosystem managers to balance devices such as laws, threats, natural resources exploitation and contracts and/or agreements. conservation over long-term timeframe. REPUBLIC ACT 9003 ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000 Strategic management encourages In partnership with the establishment of goals that will stakeholders, the law aims to benefit the ecosystem while keeping adopt a systematic, socioeconomic and politically comprehensive and relevant issues in mind. ecological solid waste management program that Strategic management differs shall ensure the protection of from other types of ecosystem public health and management because it keeps environment. The law ensures stakeholders involved and proper segregation, relies on their input to develop collection, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste the best management strategy through the formulation and for an ecosystem. Similarly to adaptation of best eco-waste other modes of ecosystem products. management, this method REPUBLIC ACT 9275 PHILIPPINE places a high level of CLEAN WATER ACT OF 2004 importance on evaluating and The law aims to protect the country's water bodies from reviewing any changes, pollution from land-based progress or negative impacts sources (industries and and prioritizes flexibility in commercial establishments, adapting management agriculture and protocols as a result of new community/household information. activities). It provides for comprehensive and integrated strategy to prevent and minimize pollution through The Environment Impact a multi-sectoral and Assessment System was participatory approach formally established in 1978 involving all the stakeholders. with the enactment of REPUBLIC ACT 8749 PHILIPPINE Presidential Decree no. 1586 to CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999 facilitate the attainment and The law aims to achieve and maintenance of rational and maintain clean air that meets orderly balance between the National Air Quality socio-economic development guideline values for criteria and environmental protection. pollutants, throughout the EIA is a planning and Philippines, while minimizing management tool that will the possible associated help government, decision impacts to the economy. makers, the proponents and REPUBLIC ACT 6969 TOXIC the affected community SUBSTANCES, HAZARDOUS AND address the negative NUCLEAR WASTE CONTROL ACT consequences or risks on the OF 1990 environment. The process The law aims to regulate assures implementation of restrict or prohibit the environment-friendly projects. importation, manufacture, SOURCES : processing, sale, distribution, use and disposal of chemical https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_mana substances and mixtures the gement present unreasonable risk to https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi human health. It likewise /full/10.1111/1365-2664.12016 prohibits the entry, even in http://ecac.emb.gov.ph/?page_id=43 transit, of hazardous and nuclear wastes and their http://www.fao.org/ecosystem-services- disposal into the Philippine biodiversity/background/regulating- territorial limits for whatever services/en/ purpose; and to provide https://www.becc.lu.se/research/conservation- advancement and facilitate of-biodiversity-and-maintenance-of-ecosystem- research and studies on toxic services chemicals. PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1586 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT (EIS) STATEMENT OF 1978