Materials System Specification

Materials System Specification
01-SAMSS-045 16 January 2014

Qualification Requirements for Composite Materials
used in Lined Carbon Steel Downhole Tubing and Casing
Document Responsibility: Non-metallic Standards Committee
Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards

Table of Contents
1 Scope............................................................. 2
2 Conflicts and Deviations................................. 2
3 References..................................................... 2
4 Definitions....................................................... 4
5 Material for Liner Manufacturing..................... 5
6 Qualification Program..................................... 7
7 Process and Quality Assurance
Requirements........................................ 12
8 Marking......................................................... 15
9 Documentation.............................................. 15
10 Handling, Storage,
Transportation and Installation.............. 16
Attachment A – Purchase Order Information....... 17

Attachment B – Material Performance
Assessment........................................... 18
Attachment C – Visual Inspection........................ 22
Previous Issue: 27 February 2013 Next Planned Update: 16 January 2019

Revised paragraphs are indicated in the right margin Page 1 of 22
Primary contact: Mehdi, Mauyed Sahib on +966-13-8809547
Copyright©Saudi Aramco 2014. All rights reserved.

Document Responsibility: Non-Metallic Standards Committee 01-SAMSS-045
Issue Date: 16 January 2014 Qualification Requirements for Composite Materials
Next Planned Update: 16 January 2019 used in Lined Carbon Steel Downhole Tubing and Casing
1 Scope
1.1 This specification defines the minimum mandatory requirements for qualifying
the liner and liner-pipe assembly used in composite lined carbon steel downhole
tubing and casing. These tubular components are utilized for handling and
transporting water, liquid and gases hydrocarbons, and multiphase fluids.
This standard was developed based on API RP 15CLT guidelines.
1.2 Composite lined tubing typically consists of a fiber reinforced polymer liner
within the steel host, providing protection of that steel host from corrosive
attack. Both API and premium connections can be employed, typically using
corrosion barrier rings to maintain corrosion resistance between ends of adjacent
liners.
1.3 This qualification procedure applies to composite lined carbon steel for systems
up to 10” (250 mm) diameter, operating at pressures up to 10,000 psi (69 MPa)
and maximum temperatures of 140°C (284°F).
1.4 This specification is not intended to define the requirements for qualification,
quality control, application and documentation of the steel downhole host tubing.
2 Conflicts and Deviations
2.1 Any conflicts between this specification and other applicable Saudi Aramco
Materials System Specifications (SAMSSs), Engineering Standards (SAESs),
Standard Drawings (SASDs), or industry standards, codes, and forms shall be
resolved in writing, prior to submission of bids or start of related work, by the
Company or Buyer Representative through the Manager, Consulting Services
Department, of Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.
2.2 Direct all requests to deviate from this specification in writing to the Company or
Buyer Representative, who shall follow internal company procedure SAEP-302
and forward such requests to the Manager, Consulting Services Department of
Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.
2.3 Proceed with the requested deviation only after the receipt of the Manager's
approval to deviate from this specification.
3 References
Material supplied to this specification shall comply with the latest edition of the
references listed below unless otherwise noted:
Page 2 of 22
3.1 Saudi Aramco References
Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedure

SAEP-302 Instructions for Obtaining a Waiver of a Mandatory
Saudi Aramco Engineering Requirement
3.2 Industry Codes and Standards
American Society for Testing and Materials

ASTM C581 Determining Chemical Resistance of Thermosetting
Resins Used in Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Structures Intended for Liquid Service
ASTM D2583 - 95 Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of
Rigid Plastics by Means of a Barcol Impressor
ASTM D4745 Standard Specification for Filled Compounds of
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Molding and
Extrusion Materials
ASTM E1640 Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass
Transition Temperature by Dynamic Mechanical
Analysis
American Petroleum Institute

API SPEC 5CT Specification for Casing and Tubing
API SPEC 15HR Specification for High Pressure Fiberglass Line
Pipe
API RP 15CLT Recommended Practice for Composite Lined Steel
Tubular Goods
International Organization for Standardization

ISO 175 Plastics - Methods of Test for the Determination of
the Effects of Immersion in Liquid Chemicals
ISO 178 Plastics - Determination of Flexural Properties
ISO 2578 Plastics – Determination of Time-Temperature
Limits after Prolonged Exposure to Heat
Environments in Oil and Gas Production
ISO 13679 Procedures for Testing Casing and Tubing
Connections
ISO 14692-4 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries Glass-
Reinforced Plastics (GRP) Piping
Page 3 of 22
ISO 11357-2 Plastics – Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC)

– Part 2 Determination of Glass Transition
Temperature
NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries
Materials for Use in H2S-Containing
Environments in Oil and Gas Production
British Standard
BS EN 13121-2 GRP Tanks and Vessels for Use above Ground - Part
2: Composite Materials -Chemical Resistance
National Association of Corrosion Engineers

NACE TM0298 Evaluating the Compatibility of FRP Pipe and
Tubulars with Oilfield Environments
Norwegian Technology Centre

NORSOK M-710 Qualification of Non-Metallic Sealing Materials and
Manufacturers
4 Definitions
4.1 General
For purposes of this specification only, the following definitions apply:
Buyer: Saudi Aramco Purchasing Department representative.
Buyer's Representative: The person or persons designated by the Purchasing

Department to monitor and enforce the contract. Normally, this is the Saudi
Aramco inspector.
End User: Saudi Aramco Oil Operations.
Manufacturer: The party that manufactures or supplies equipment and services

to perform the duties specified by the Buyer.
Vendor: The supplier.
Corrosion barrier ring: Polymeric ring inserted between adjacent lengths of

liner in a tubing string to provide continuity of corrosion protection.
Flare or end cap: Molded polymeric component used to cap the cut end of the
liner.
Page 4 of 22
FRP liner: A thin wall pipe manufactured from fiber reinforced polymer which
is inserted within carbon steel tubing to provide corrosion protection.
Grout: Polymer or cement which fills the annulus between the liner and the
carbon steel host tubing or casing.
4.2 Abbreviations
CBR Corrosion Barrier Ring
CRA Corrosion Resistant Alloy
DMA Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
DSC Differential Scanning Calorimeter
FRP Fiber Reinforced Polymer
PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
Tg Glass Transition Temperature
VME Von Mises’ Equivalent Stress
5 Material for Liner Manufacturing
5.1 Materials
5.1.1 Composite lined carbon steel tubing shall consist of a thin wall fiber
reinforced polymer (FRP) liner inserted into steel tubing. The liner
manufacturer shall specify the liner wall thickness in accordance with the
pipe diameter. The liner shall be manufactured by filament winding, in
accordance with the manufacturer’s written procedures, based on the
following materials:
 Resin: Epoxy resin has been the preferred choice of thermosetting
resin, using aromatic, aliphatic or cycle-aliphatic amine as a curing
agent. Other thermosetting resins, e.g., vinyl ester or phenolic, may
provide enhanced benefits to meet particular corrosion or high
temperature requirements.
 Fibers: E-glass fiber is the typical fiber used to manufacture
composite liners. Other reinforcement fibers are possible, in particular
carbon fibers because their enhanced performance properties.
5.1.2 The annulus between the pipe and tubing shall be filled with cement or
polymer grout, to transfer internal pressure loads to the steel tubing. The
Page 5 of 22
grout is typically a cement system with additives to provide the required

flow viscosity, or a thermosetting polymer of suitable viscosity.
5.1.3 The ends of the liner shall be protected from mechanical damage by an
FRP end cap or “flare”, which may protrude slightly into the bore of the
tubular. The flares are typically molded from a short-fiber reinforced
polymer material, and shall be manufactured in accordance with the
manufacturer’s written procedures. A suitable adhesive shall be used for
bonding the flares to the liners.
5.1.4 Continuity of the corrosion barrier across the coupling, between two
adjacent flares, shall be provided by a polymeric corrosion barrier ring
(CBR) ring. The amount of compression applied to the barrier ring is
controlled by the distance between the pin ends during make-up. The
corrosion barrier ring is typically made from a polymer material, usually
fiber filled PTFE. Other CBR materials may be used with prior approval
by the Non-Metallic Materials Standards Committee Chairman is required.
5.1.5 The carbon steel tubing shall have the required resistance to sulfide
stress cracking as defined by NACE MR0175/ISO 15156, based on the
bore fluid composition. Any connection covered under API SPEC 5CT
may be used with a composite lined tubing product. In addition, certain
approved proprietary connections may be used with composite lining
systems. The liner manufacturer shall verify that the liner will be able to
work with the specified connection by performing the test described in
Section 6.2.
5.2 Functional Requirements
The primary function of the lined tubing system is to protect the carbon steel base
pipe from the corrosive effects of the wellbore fluids. Several factors may affect
the performance of the liner material. It is required that the liner to be qualified in
accordance with Section 6 to evaluate its performance under these factors:
 Degradation of the FRP liner due to chemical attack.
 Failure, or absence, of the CBR.
 Mechanical damage by downhole tools, e.g., impact and abrasion.
 Failure of, or damage to, the liner or other components caused by combined
load effects, such as combination of tension-compression-bending, pressure
and temperature cycling, and connection over-torqueing.
Page 6 of 22
6 Qualification Program
The capability of a composite lined product shall be proven by the combination of

materials tests and system tests, described in the following sections.
6.1 Material Requirements to Handle Downhole Operational Conditions
The capability of the materials used in liners, flares and CBR shall be
demonstrated by the successful completion of the tests described in this section.
6.1.1 Material Chemical Performance Requirements
Chemical resistance to produced and injected fluids, as well as

production chemicals, must be determined. The chemical resistance is a
function of the chemical concentration, temperature, pressure and
expected lifetime of the liner. The chemical performance of liner
material shall be determined using the assessment criteria described in
Appendix B, when the material is evaluated in accordance with the
procedure described in Section 6.3.1.
6.1.1.1 Long Term Service in Produced or Injected Fluids
For those environments where the material would be in contact

for continuous service as production or injections fluids, the
percentage of total assessment shall be lower than 50% to
consider that the material is suitable for the service, at least for
20 years lifecycle.
Special consideration on the below factors shall be evaluated

for the assessment of the performance of the liner:
 Weight Change and Swelling –The overall weight uptake

of epoxy laminates shall be less than 6% and that the weight
uptake of phenolic laminates less than 15%, when it is
performed in accordance with ASTM C581.
 Visual Observation – In many cases, change in color and

surface finish may only indicate superficial change in
properties. However, the formation of blisters and surface
damage (delamination and spalling) that result in resin loss
and exposure of bare fibers represent unacceptable damage.
 Mechanical Properties – Axial or hoop flexure test shall

be conducted in accordance with 6.3.2. Results from the
mechanical tests shall be analyzed using semi-logarithmic
plots of the strength and of the modulus, retention versus
Page 7 of 22
log(time), by asymptotic approximation of less than 50%

retention or at least linear extrapolation to the 50% retention
point. The material mechanical properties shall show a
minimum of 20 years at the 50% retention point to satisfy
the medium and conditions of the test. An end of life
criterion must be selected to allow service life assessment,
e.g., stress at break of 100 MPa for a glass reinforced epoxy
liner, at a particular temperature.
 Barcol Hardness – Barcol Hardness measurements shall be

conducted in accordance with ASTM D2583 - 95to estimate
the effect of the testing fluid in liner material surface. The
liner manufacturer shall quote the Barcol Hardness
minimum value for unexposed sample.Glass Transition
Temperature, Tg – The liner manufacture shall quote the
Tg minimum value for unexposed sample. Tg shall be more
than 20°C (68°F) above the maximum operating
temperature if measured by DSC in accordance with
ISO 11357-2 or DMA in accordance with ASTM E1640.
6.1.1.2 Short Term Chemicals for Well Treatment
For those environments where the material would be in contact

for short period of time during special well treatment services as
acidification, chemical scale removal, etc.; the percentage of the
total assessment shall be lower than 25% to consider that the
material is suitable for the service, at least for 20 year life cycle.
The test procedure shall be in accordance with 6.3.1.2.
The assessment due to change of mechanical properties will be

performed based on the actual test duration. Mechanical
(strength or modulus) properties loss shall be less than 25%.
6.1.1.3 Alternatives Methodology for Life Assessment of Liner Material
Other methods of life assessment are permissible subject to

agreement between manufacturer and Buyer subject to approval
by Nonmetallic Materials Standards Committee Chairman.
In case where there is more than 3 years documented

experience on the same service conditions and the conditions of
the composite liner has been established to be satisfactory in
accordance with any of the methods described above, it may
established that the liner is suitable for the specific service
conditions.
Page 8 of 22
6.1.1.4 Flare and Corrosion Barrier Rings
For flares and CBRs, similar tests may be appropriate. In

certain instances, documented industry experience may be
sufficient to verify the performance of a material, e.g., the
chemical resistance of PTFE based materials.
6.1.2 Effect of Rapid Gas Decompression
The formation of blisters and surface damage (delamination and

spalling) that result in resin loss and exposure of bare fibers represent
unacceptable damage, when the material is tested in accordance with the
procedure described in Section 6.3.3. Also, internal damage to the
material and fracture at the surface shall be considered unacceptable.
6.1.3 Wax and Scale Deposition
In particular, the internal surface roughness of the liner shall be

characterized. The FRP liner shall demonstrate propensity for wax and
scale deposition equivalent or lower than that of the CS.
6.2 Lined Pipe System Tests
Performance tests shall be carried out with lined tubing samples, including
connectors. Tests for lining system shall be carried out with the designated
connection. Where connections are modified to accommodate the liner system,
tests shall be carried out with the modified connection.
6.2.1 Corrosion Barrier Integrity
The manufacturer shall be responsible for the corrosion barrier integrity

of the coupling/connection, and shall be able to demonstrate this
integrity for their particular designs of liner and connection. The
corrosion resistance test shall be conducted through a combination of
static pressure tests at elevated temperature, rocker arm tests, and/or flow
loop tests of lined and coupled samples in fluids representative of
corrosive downhole environments.
6.2.2 Rapid Decompression
The manufacturer shall demonstrate the resistance of a liner design to

external collapse due to build up of external pressure behind the liner,
when the lined CS sample is tested in accordance with the procedure
described in Section 6.3.3. Since the liner is a thin wall cylinder, the
collapse resistance of a typical composite liner is relatively low
compared to the potential well operating pressures. The liner system
Page 9 of 22
design must account for the potentially much higher operating pressures
that could be exerted on the outside of the liner.
6.2.3 Make-and-break Connection Tests
The make and break connection tests shall be carried out following the
connection manufacturer’s procedures (typically 5 multiple). There shall
be no galling at any time, and no significant changes in makeup
properties from the standard product. There should be no damage to
liners, flares or CBR. Actual torque values should be available for
review by the buyer.
6.2.4 Combined Load Testing
The manufacturer shall demonstrate that the lined system has suitable
structural integrity for the mechanical, pressure and thermal loads to be
seen during installation and use in any given service. The combined load
testing shall be conducted in accordance with 6.3.4. The liner system
shall not detract from connection performance. The liner system and the
connection shall not fail in pressure containment nor change the makeup
characteristics of the connection. Holiday testing should detect no
defects either before or after testing.
6.3 Test Procedures to Evaluate Liner Material and Lined Pipe System
6.3.1 Material Chemical Resistance Test Procedures
Service life assessment in any given application shall take account of

prevailing downhole conditions over the life of the well.
The following particular consideration should be taken:

 Ensure that all manufactured samples are representative of the liner
to be used in service.
 Ensure that a sufficient number of samples are manufactured to
enable tests to be carried out on a statistically representative amount
of material. Five samples per test should be considered an absolute
minimum.
 Material from different lots should be mixed to ensure all groups of
material samples will have the same average properties.
 All test samples shall be pre-conditioned in water for at least two
weeks before elevated temperature testing. Material within 25 mm
of a cut edge of a liner shall not be used in property determination.
Page 10 of 22
 Fluid and Time of exposure
6.3.1.1 Long Term Service in Produced or Injected Fluids
ASTM C581 or ISO 175 provides the principles and procedures

for evaluating the performance of polymers for long term
exposure to chemical environments. These test methods
evaluate the change of properties as a function of exposure time
to the testing conditions.
NACE TM0298 and NORSOK M-710 provide a description of

synthetic composition of production and injection fluids in
downhole wells, which include sour and sweet water,
producing oil, and supercritical CO2. Liners can be exposed to
other chemical environments, if required by the end user or
Materials and Corrosion Control Standards Committee
Chairman.
In the case of sour fluids containing H2S, it is required to

evaluate the material performance under the Saudi Aramco
conditions which could reach up to 20% of H2S at the operating
temperature.
6.3.1.2 Short term Exposure to Downhole Chemicals
Special chemicals used eventually during the lifecycle of the

composite lined carbon steel goods, as per example well
acidification or scale remover chemicals, required short term
exposure test as described in NACE TM0298. The performance
of the material in other chemicals that are used in downhole
operations shall be also appraised.
6.3.1.3 Other Fluids
The buyer may require special assessment of the chemical

resistance of the liner material under operational conditions.
The test conditions should be agreed between the Manufacturer
or Vendor, and the Nonmetallic Standards Committee Chairman.
6.3.2 Mechanical Test
A four-point bend procedure in accordance with ISO 178 shall be

performed to mitigate point loading and provide a more uniform bending
radius. The bending load must be applied to the convex outer wall of the
liner test coupons to better simulate the loading effect of accumulated
Page 11 of 22
permeated gas in the annulus should the pressure fall within the tubular
with potential for liner collapse.
Test coupons of FRP liner shall be prepared from larger diameter tubing
with a 3 mm minimum wall thickness to minimize the effect of the
inherent variation in thickness on the measured flexural properties.
6.3.3 Effect of Rapid Gas Decompression
Lined samples should be exposed to a representative gas (typically

methane) at the required pressure and temperature until saturation for a
period not less than 7 days, followed by decompression at a minimum rate
of 100 psi/min. This cycle should be repeated three times and then visually
inspected for voids, cracks and delamination.
Test samples should typically consist of two separate lengths of threaded

tubing/casing, each of a 1 meter length minimum, joined together to
create a minimum 2 meter length test sample. This should be capped at
each end with threaded end caps. Pipe diameter, wall thickness, steel
grade, thread type and CBR system should be representative of the
application.
6.3.4 Combined Load Testing
This will typically be achieved through combined loading testing in

accordance with ISO 13679, as deemed appropriate by the Buyer.
The load sequence shall reflect the ISO 13679 requirements of

determining or validating a product/connection performance envelope in
combined load environment, covering all quadrants of the pipe body
VME curve. The combined load steps should simulate loading in well
conditions, including axial tensile loading without and with internal
pressure, full cycle bending (plus/minus) to 10°/100 ft, and compressive
axial loading. The sequence of loading shall be reversed and shall be
repeated to give a minimum of three complete loading cycles.
These tests shall be carried out at the maximum liner temperature
capability on representative specimens of standard product manufactured
to the product specifications.
7 Process and Quality Assurance Requirements
Quality control records required by this specification shall be legible, identifiable,

retrievable and protected from damage, deterioration, or loss. These records shall be
retained by the manufacturer for a minimum of five years following the date of
Page 12 of 22
manufacture. All quality control records required by this specification shall be signed
and dated, as established by the manufacturer's procedures.
7.1 Materials
All materials used in the production of the liners and flares, and in the lining
process shall be fully traceable. This also applies to the materials for the CBR.
7.2 Manufacturing of Liner, Flares and CBR
The manufacturer's inspection and test plans for liner and flare manufacture
shall be reviewed and approved by the Buyer in advance of manufacture. A
single length of liner shall be used in each length of steel tubing.
All relevant production information shall be recorded to maintain full

traceability of the materials in each individual liner.
 The batch numbers of resin, fibers, and hardener(s).
 The viscosity and mixing tests of resin and hardener(s).
 The curing temperature and curing time for each liner.
7.3 The glass transition temperature of the cured liner shall be determined by
Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), in accordance with ISO 11357-2 or
Appendix C of API SPEC 15HR, at a frequency of 10% or once per machine per
shift. Other methods of measuring Tg, as dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA),
may be used as agreed between manufacturer and Buyer. The value shall not be
lower than 5°C of the value quoted by the liner manufacturer.
7.4 The Barcol hardness measurement (average) shall be at least 90 % of the

minimum value quoted by the manufacturer, measured in accordance with
ASTM D2583 - 95.
7.5 Dimensions
 The nominal inside diameter and wall thickness of the liner shall be quoted
by the manufacturer.
 The inside diameter shall be within -±10% of the specified inside diameter
or as otherwise agreed.
 The wall thickness shall be within -±10% of the specified thickness or as
otherwise agreed.
7.6 The drift diameter of the lined tubing shall be quoted by the manufacturer.
The manufacturer shall check, using a caliper, that each joint meets the required
drift diameter. No obstruction or damage of the liner/flare is acceptable.
Page 13 of 22
7.7 The liner shall be free from visible cracks, holes, protrusions, foreign inclusions,
or other injurious defects, as established by the manufacturer. The liner shall be
uniform within the manufacturer’s acceptable limits in terms of color,
roundness, density and physical properties. The defect types, acceptance criteria
and recommended corrective action are listed in Table C.1 in Appendix C.
7.8 Similar process should be carried out for the CBR manufacture conditions.
The molding process conditions for the elastomer CBR or the PTFE billets used
for CBR manufacture shall be documented. The filler content and the tensile
properties of the processed PTFE material shall be determined in accordance
with ASTM D4745. The CBR shall be molded and/or machined to the exact
dimensions required for the specific type of steel connection used.
7.9 Lining Process
The internal surface of the pipe shall be as per the steel manufacturer’s specified
finish. Thorough visual inspection of both flares and liners shall be performed
prior to installation in accordance to Appendix C.
The viscosity of the grout shall be within the specified limits in the
manufacturer's quality document. The minimum injection and backfill pressures
shall be stated within the quality control plan. All viscosity checks shall be
recorded as a part of the quality plan. Filling the annulus with grout shall be
carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's procedures.
The manufacturer shall demonstrate, only once, that liner fills the annulus with
minimum voids. This shall be exhibited by visual inspection of lined tubing cross
section. The quality of lining process shall be documented and stored by the
manufacturer to have it available when requested. Other means of demonstrating
annulus fill may be agreed upon between the manufacturer and Buyer.
Care shall be taken to prevent damage of the seal shoulder of the connector.
The flare/liner adhesive shall be checked visually for voids and other
unacceptable defects.
7.10 Inspection by the Buyer
When an inspector representing the Buyer desires to inspect pipe or witness

quality control tests, the Inspector shall be given reasonable notice of the time at
which the product will be available for witness or inspection. The Inspector
shall have ready access to all parts of the manufacturer's facility during the
fabrication cycle. The manufacturer shall afford all reasonable and safe
facilities to satisfy the Inspector that the product is being manufactured in
accordance with this specification. All inspections should be made at the place
of manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified on the purchase
Page 14 of 22
order, and shall be conducted so as not to interfere unnecessarily with the

operation of the facility. The purchase order may require written acceptance
from the Buyer's inspectors for each lot prior to shipment.
8 Marking
Composite lined tubing and casing which have been lined in conformance with this
specification shall be marked by the manufacturer, with date of manufacture (month and
year) and a unique manufacturer’s lot identification number. Markings shall be readily
visible, applied by water resistant paint or ink stencil. Markings shall not overlap and shall
be applied in a manner not to damage the pipe or couplings. Markings shall be applied
within three feet of the connection. Additional marking as specified by the manufacturer or
Buyer are not prohibited, e.g., marking of the word “LINED” on the pipe.
9 Documentation
9.1 Documentation Provided by the End-user
The end-user shall provide the design and operating conditions for the lined
tubing, including:
 System design pressure (and pressure range in the case of cyclic service),
 Maximum and minimum design temperature,
 Internal fluids, and
 Design lifetime.
The full information that shall accompany a purchase order for composite lined
tubing is outlined in Appendix A.
9.2 Documentation Provided by the Manufacturer
The manufacturer shall provide the Buyer with a written description of the liner
system. As a minimum, this will include:
 Dimensions, including the nominal inside diameter, wall thickness and
weight of the liner, and the drift diameter of the lined tubing
 Description of all materials used
 Minimum and maximum operating temperatures
 Limitations with respect to chemical exposure.
A full qualification test report shall be made available to the Buyer on request.
The Buyer shall define the data which is to be provided in the Qualification Test
Report.
Page 15 of 22
Additionally, the documentation requirements of Sections 6 and 9 shall be

fulfilled.
10 Handling, Storage, Transportation and Installation
The manufacturer shall provide running and handling procedures, for review and
approval by the Buyer. As a minimum, these should include:
 Requirements for handling, storage and transportation,
 Preparations for running and equipment required,
 Running procedures, and
 Break-out procedures.
Thread condition is critical to the sealing effectiveness of any composite lined system.
The manufacturer shall provide pin end thread protection to protect the pin ends of the
lined tubular from damage under normal handling and transportation, as well as to
prevent damage by ultra-violet radiation and other weather elements. Threaded box
ends do not require protection, unless requested by the Buyer. Non-threaded
connections may have special end protection requirements, subject to agreement
between manufacturer and Buyer.
Field repair kits should be available for rebonding flares to an otherwise intact liner
section. Any repairs shall be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer’s written
procedures.
Particular attention should be taken with the design of interfaces between composite
lined tubing and other downhole equipment, such as packers and safety valves. Such
interfaces must be designed to accommodate the appropriate CBR.
Installation procedures shall specifically mention actions required to check that all CBR
are inserted, and inserted correctly.
Revision Summary
16 January 2014 Major revision to capture comments from Operations/end users.
Page 16 of 22
Appendix A – Purchase Order Information
The Buyer should provide the following information with all purchase orders for
composite lined tubing.
Basic Design Data

Steel grade, tubing weight and internal
diameter
Connection type
Total number of joints to be lined
Design life
Max / Min design temperature
Normal operating temperature
Max / Min design pressure
Normal and maximum operating pressures
Normal and maximum flow rates
Pressure fluctuations (Size and frequency)
Dynamic service / fatigue requirements
Fluid Service
Gas / Water / oil / multiphase?
Production / injection?
Fluid Composition
CO2 / H2S content
Solids content
Other fluids, e.g., production chemicals
Page 17 of 22
Appendix B – Material Performance Assessment

(Based on BS EN 13121-2 Annex C)
B.1 General
The chemical performance of liner material should be determined using the

assessment criteria and weighting factors described in Table B.1.
All criteria should be assessed. If a criterion is not assessed, an explanation

should be given. The assessment of mechanical properties should always be
included.
Table B.1 – Criteria for Chemical Resistance

Weighting Weighting
Factor for Factor for Performance
Criteria
Single Side Double Side Level
Exposure Exposure
Appearance
Color 2 2 0-5
Gloss retention 3 3 0-5
Opacity 3 3 0-5
Tackiness 4 4 0-5
Fiber prominence 4 4 0-5
Loss of surface resin 5 5 0-5
Blister formation 5 5 0-5
Crazing 5 5 0-5
Crack formation 5 5 0-5
Delamination 5 5 0-5
Dimensional Stability
Swelling (Change in thickness) 8 4 0-5
Weight change 10 5 0-5
Barcol hardness in accordance with EN 59 5 5 0-5
Mechanical Property Retention
Flexural strength 20 10 0-10
Flexural modulus 20 10 0-10
All criteria should be assessed after the relevant immersion time periods.
Page 18 of 22
B.2 Evaluation of Performance Level
B.2.1 Appearance
Color of the mold surface, after immersion in the medium, color change
should be assessed on a scale of 0 to 5. No change to the translucent
initial color (performance level - 0) to complete color change and
darkening (performance level - 5).
Loss retention of the mold surface, after immersion should be assessed

on the scale 0 (no loss in gloss from the original) to 5 (a matt surface)
Opacity after immersion should be assessed at performance level 0 (no

change from the original) to 5 (total opacity and fiber whitening).
Tackiness after immersion should be assessed at performance level 0 (no

perceived surfaced tackiness after immersion) to 5 (sticky surface with
removal of material when touched). If level 5 is reached after the
immersion period then the material shall be rejected.
Fiber prominence - the initial condition should be performance level 0

with fiber whitening at level 1 to level 5 representing blisters in the form
of fiber prominence and small circular blisters at fiber overlaps.
Loss of surface resin - no loss of surface resin should be assessed at

performance level 0 with surface resin loss resulting in performance
level 5. If both resin and fibers are lost then the material shall be
rejected.
Blister formation - should be assessed on the size and distribution of

blisters from performance level 0 (no change from the original) through
performance level 1 (a few tiny, 1 - 2 mm diameter blisters) to
performance level 5 (moderate numbers of blisters in excess of 5 mm
diameter). If large numbers of blisters > 5 mm diameter occur or an
occasional large blister > 20 mm occurs, then the material shall be
rejected.
Crazing should be assessed at level 0 (no crazing) to level 5 (no more

than the 50 % of the surface has crazed). If crazing exceeds 50 % of the
surface, then the material shall be rejected.
Crack formation shall be assessed at level 0 (no cracking) to level 5

(multi-cracking). If multi-cracking has resulted in deep cracks and
“break-up”, the material shall be rejected.
Page 19 of 22
Delamination should be assessed at level 0 (no delamination) to level 5

(delamination up to 25 mm long).
B.2.2 Dimensional Stability
Swelling (no change in thickness) should be assessed at level 0 (no

thickness change) to level 5 (20 % increase in thickness).
Weight change should be assessed at level 0 (no weight change) to level

5 (5 % change in weight).
B.2.3 Barcol Hardness
Barcol hardness should be assessed at level 0 (equivalent to no change)

to level 5 (equivalent to a 50 % reduction in hardness).
B.2.4 Mechanical Property Retention
Results from mechanical tests shall be analyzed using semi logarithmic

plots of strength and of modulus, retention versus log (time), by
asymptotic approximation of less than 50 % retention or at least linear
extrapolation to the 50 % retention point. If at this point the time is less
than 20 years then the material should be deemed to have failed the
requirements for the medium and conditions of the test and rejected on
this criterion alone. No reduction in property after the test should be
assessed at performance level 0 and 50 % reduction in property after
20 years at performance level 10.
B.3 Determination of Material Performance Assessment
The performance level score from each test should be multiplied by the
weighting factor for each criterion and combined to form a total for the range of
tests carried out (Table B.1). The total should be compared with the maximum
total, obtained by summing the product of each weighting for each criterion with
the poorest performance rating for each of the tests carried out. For example, if
color, tackiness, crazing, retention of flexural modulus and retention of (flexural
or tensile) strength are the measured criteria for immersion/double side exposure
then the maximum (worse) score would be
( 2 x 5 ) + ( 4 x 5 ) + ( 5 x 5 ) + ( 5 x 10 ) + ( 5 x 10 ) = 155.
(Note: Higher score means lower performance)
Page 20 of 22
Appendix C – Visual Inspection

(Based on ISO 14692-4, Annex A, Table A.1)
Where no deterioration has occurred over the duration of the assessment, i.e., the
assessment score is less than 50 % of the total possible score then, the material
performance for long term exposure (6.1.1.1) should be appraised as suitable for the
services. In the case of the short exposure fluid (6.1.1.2), the score should be lower
than 25%.
C.1 General
A summary of visible defects, along with acceptance criteria and corrective

actions, is listed in Table C.1.
Table C.1 – Defect Types, Acceptance Criteria

and Recommended Corrective Action
Corrective
Defect Type Description Criteria
Action
Blisters forming under outer plies of
Blistering None permitted Reject
laminate or inner resin rich layer
Thermal decomposition evidenced
Burn/Discoloration by distortion or discoloration of the None permitted Reject
laminate surface
Depth limited to
Minor breakdown of outer surface surface resin layer,
Chalking and loose due to UV radiation or acid rain, Minor Repair
surface area unlimited,
fibers caused by storage over prolonged no loose fibers
period
Loose surface fibers Reject
Chemical attack Absence of resin surface None permitted Reject
Small piece broken from edge or Damage or
surface. If reinforcing fibers are Undamaged fibers are
Chip Reject
broken, damage is considered to be exposed over any
a crack. area
Actual separation of laminate, visible
on opposite surfaces, extending
Crack None permitted Reject
through the wall. A continuous crack
may be evidenced by a white area.
Fine hairline cracks at or under
Max. crack length less
Crazing surface of laminate. White areas are Rejected
than 25 mm
not visible as for cracks.
“Bright solid” area in laminate due to
Delamination lack of bond between resin and
None permitted Rejected
(internal) fibres. Separation of layers (plies)
within laminate.
Page 21 of 22
Corrective
Defect Type Description Criteria
Action
Area of incomplete surface film
where the reinforcement has not
Dry spot None permitted Reject
been wetted by resin, leaving bare
exposed fibers.
Rupture of laminate with complete
penetration. Majority of fibers
Fracture None permitted Reject
broken. Visible as lighter colored
area of inter-laminar separation.
Light area with or without broken
Impact damage None permitted Reject
fibers
Inclusion Foreign matter wound into laminate None permitted Reject
Lack of fibers Resin/fiber ratio too high None permitted Reject
Diameter greater than
Small crater in the inner surface of 0,8 mm, and/or depth
the laminate, with width (max. greater than liner
Pit (pinhole) Reject
diameter) similar to or smaller than thickness or 10% of
depth liner wall thickness,
and/or damaged fibers
Page 22 of 22

Materials System Specification

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Materials System Specification

01-SAMSS-045 16 January 2014

Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards

Attachment A – Purchase Order Information....... 17

Previous Issue: 27 February 2013 Next Planned Update: 16 January 2019

Copyright©Saudi Aramco 2014. All rights reserved.

2 Conflicts and Deviations

3.1 Saudi Aramco References

Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedure

3.2 Industry Codes and Standards

American Society for Testing and Materials

American Petroleum Institute

International Organization for Standardization

ISO 11357-2 Plastics – Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC)

National Association of Corrosion Engineers

Norwegian Technology Centre

For purposes of this specification only, the following definitions apply:

Buyer: Saudi Aramco Purchasing Department representative.

Buyer's Representative: The person or persons designated by the Purchasing

End User: Saudi Aramco Oil Operations.

Manufacturer: The party that manufactures or supplies equipment and services

Vendor: The supplier.

Corrosion barrier ring: Polymeric ring inserted between adjacent lengths of

5 Material for Liner Manufacturing

grout is typically a cement system with additives to provide the required

5.2 Functional Requirements

The capability of a composite lined product shall be proven by the combination of

6.1 Material Requirements to Handle Downhole Operational Conditions

6.1.1 Material Chemical Performance Requirements

Chemical resistance to produced and injected fluids, as well as

6.1.1.1 Long Term Service in Produced or Injected Fluids

For those environments where the material would be in contact

Special consideration on the below factors shall be evaluated

 Weight Change and Swelling –The overall weight uptake

 Visual Observation – In many cases, change in color and

 Mechanical Properties – Axial or hoop flexure test shall

log(time), by asymptotic approximation of less than 50%

 Barcol Hardness – Barcol Hardness measurements shall be

6.1.1.2 Short Term Chemicals for Well Treatment

For those environments where the material would be in contact

The assessment due to change of mechanical properties will be

6.1.1.3 Alternatives Methodology for Life Assessment of Liner Material

Other methods of life assessment are permissible subject to

In case where there is more than 3 years documented

6.1.1.4 Flare and Corrosion Barrier Rings

For flares and CBRs, similar tests may be appropriate. In

6.1.2 Effect of Rapid Gas Decompression

The formation of blisters and surface damage (delamination and

6.1.3 Wax and Scale Deposition

In particular, the internal surface roughness of the liner shall be

6.2 Lined Pipe System Tests

6.2.1 Corrosion Barrier Integrity

The manufacturer shall be responsible for the corrosion barrier integrity

6.2.2 Rapid Decompression

The manufacturer shall demonstrate the resistance of a liner design to

6.2.3 Make-and-break Connection Tests

6.2.4 Combined Load Testing

6.3.1 Material Chemical Resistance Test Procedures

Service life assessment in any given application shall take account of

The following particular consideration should be taken:

 Fluid and Time of exposure

6.3.1.1 Long Term Service in Produced or Injected Fluids

ASTM C581 or ISO 175 provides the principles and procedures