Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol.

11, 01-Special Issue, 2019

Wideband Printed Log-Periodic Dipole

Antenna
B.V. Ramana, Assoc. Prof., Dept. of ECE, BVC Institute of Technology and Science, India. E-mail: bvramana.bvcits@gmail.com
Dr.P. Mallikarjuna Rao, Professor, Dept. of ECE, AUCE (A), Andhra University, India. E-mail: pmraoauece@yahoo.com
Dr.M. Satyanarayana, Professor, Dept. of ECE, MVGR College of Engineering (A), India. E-mail: profmsn26@gmail.com
Abstract--- Log Periodic Dipole Antenna which operates at Ultra wide band frequencies using RT-Duroid
substrates is proposed.PLPDA using RT-Duroid will provide better performance a large bandwidth because of
having higher gain of 6.4 db offering high band width of 10.67 GHz which ranges from 3.1 GHz to 13.83GHZ.
VSWR should be less than 2 to reduce return losses. RT Duroid based PLPDA Will offer VSWR of 1.2. Like the
half mode substrate integrated wave-guide (HMSIW) Balun
Keywords--- Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide, Printed Log-Periodic Antenna, and VSWR.

I. Introduction
Wideband wireless communications, which low power level and high data rate transmissions, propelled great
interest for research wireless communications applications[1].High-performance wideband antennas need both good
impedance matching and low signal distortion within the specified frequency bands. There were many research
works on the design of wideband antenna. Monopole antenna can achieve very wide frequency bandwidth a simple
Geomentry.Which is one of typical example however the radiation pattern of the monopole wide band antenna [2].
Undergoes rapid changes with frequency and its limits its practical applications. Wideband band antenna is another
typical example of tapered slot antenna. Using travelling wave mechanism, it radiates or receives power in the end
fire direction and within the working frequency band peak radiation is fixed and radiation pattern is stable. This
property makes way for good wideband applications. However, larger in size is the problem of this kind of antenna
with the length of three guided wavelengths at the frequency that works at lowest.
Within Ultra wide frequency Band (PLPDA) also spreads in end-fire direction .Band width can be enhanced by
increasing the number of dipole elements with the multiple resonance property [3]. For AM/FM/radio and TV
frequency Bands, coaxial cable is used for feeding PLPDA. Frequency increasing. Results in detritions of
performance. Many wireless communication systems are there located at the frequency band overlapping to that of
the wideband system. The wide band systems cause interferences to these systems such as IEEE 802.11a in USA
(5.150GHz–5.350 GHz and 5.725 GHz–5.825 GHz), HIPERLAN/2 in Europe (5.150 GHz–5.350 GHz and 5.470
GHz–5.725 GHz), and World Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wi-MAX)(3.400 GHz–3.690 GHz and 5.250
GHz–5.825 GHz)[4].Designing wideband antennas with multiple frequency notched bands which can be used for
blocking the interferences between the wide band systems and the narrow bands wireless communication systems as
became a challenge for research topic. [5].
There are three significant steps for the designing procedure. In the first step, the scale factor (τ), spacing factor
(σ), and the number of the dipole elements N should be determined where , and N =10 are
chosen. Second, the length of the longest dipole L 1 , which responses to the lowest resonance frequency f min , should
be computed by

Here is the longest operating wavelength. Its value can be determined by

Where ‘c’ is the speed of light in vacuum and is effective dielectric constant. There is no closed-form or
analytical formula to determine . The formula of determining for the micro strip line case is used to
approximate for the dipole case.
The formula is

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Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, 01-Special Issue, 2019

Where the relative permittivity of the substrate, h is the substrate thickness, is the width of the longest
dipole. The length of the dipole elements and relationship spacing’s are

Where n=1, 2, 3,…, 9.

The dimension of other dipole can be determined once the dimensions of longest dipole element are determined
as following relationship

II. Log Periodic With Fr4 Substrate

Front View Back View

Polar Plot Smith Chart

According To Simulated Results, Gain of PLPDA is 3.8dB

Return losses

XY Plot 1 HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT

dB(St(Rectangle6_T1,Rectangle6_T1))
0.00

-5.00
Curve Info
dB(St(Rectangle6_T1,Rectangle6_T1))
Setup1 : Sweep

-10.00
m4
-10.2847 -10.1830

-15.00

Name X Y
-20.00 m1 7.0000 -34.5571
m2 9.9000 -31.4184
m3 11.9000 -30.6106
m4 5.0000 -10.1326

-25.00

m3
-30.00 m2

m1
MX1: 8.1602 2.3671
-35.00 MX2: 10.5273

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00

Freq [GHz]

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Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, 01-Special Issue, 2019

For the frequency in the range from 8.1 GHz to 10.5 GHz. PLPDA offers less loss. So we can prefer this antenna
for reception and transmitting of signals that are in its operating range which offers band width of 2.36GHz.
VSWR
XY Plot 2 HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT
90.00

80.00

Name X Y
70.00 m1 4.9000 1.9468
m2 7.0000 1.0381
m3 9.9000 1.0552
60.00 m4 12.2000 1.2178
Curve Info
VSWRt(Rectangle6_T1)

VSWRt(Rectangle6_T1)
Setup1 : Sw eep
50.00

40.00

30.00

20.00

10.00

m1 m2 m3 m4

0.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00
Freq [GHz]

PLPDA has low VSWR (1) at 9.9 GHz.

III. Log Periodic With RT Duroid Substrate

Front view Back view

Polar plot

According To Simulated Results, We Got the Gain of PLPDA is 6.4dB.

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Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, 01-Special Issue, 2019

Return losses
XY Plot 1 HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT

0.00

Curve Info
-5.00 dB(St(Rectangle6_T1,Rectangle6_T1))

dB(St(Rectangle6_T1,Rectangle6_T1))
Setup1 : Sweep

-10.00 -10.2922 -10.0604

-15.00 Name X Y
m1 3.7000 -20.3650
m5
m2 5.6000 -26.2715
m3 7.8000 -26.1353 m1
-20.00
m4 11.2000 -25.2602
m5 13.2000 -18.9299

m4
-25.00 m2 m3

-30.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00
Freq [GHz]
MX1: 3.1635 10.6700
MX2: 13.8335

For the frequency in the range from 3.1 GHz to 13.83 GHz. PLPDA offers less loss. So we can prefer this
antenna for reception and transmitting of signals that are in its operating range which offers band width of
10.67GHz
VSWR
XY Plot 2 HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT
375.00

Name X Y
m1 3.2000 1.7529
m2 13.1000 1.2938
m3 9.6000 1.7819
250.00 m4 7.0000 1.7529 Curve Info
VSWRt(Rectangle6_T1)

VSWRt(Rectangle6_T1)
Setup1 : Sw eep

125.00

m1 m4 m3 m2
0.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00
Freq [GHz]

PLPDA has low VSWR (1.29)at 13.1 GHz

Smith chart

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Return Losses
XY Plot 1 HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT
-0.15

-2.50 Curve Info

dB(St(Rectangle6_T1,Rectangle6_T1))

dB(St(Rectangle6_T1,Rectangle6_T1))
Setup1 : Sweep

-7.50
m8 m6
m9 m7
m3 -9.9695
-10.6115
Name X Y
m1 m4
-12.50 m1 3.0000 -13.1118
m2 4.2000 -21.9300
m3 6.0000 -10.9381
m4 7.6000 -12.8227
m5 12.1000 -21.3083
-17.50 m6 10.7000 -9.7838
m7 12.9000 -10.1567
m8 2.8709 -10.0682
m5
m9 4.9000 -10.1492 m2

-22.50
0.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.00 12.50 14.27
Freq [GHz]
MX1: 10.7855 2.1289
MX2: 12.9144

For the frequency in the range from 10.7 GHz to 12.9 GHz. PLPDA offers less loss. So we can prefer this
antenna for reception and transmitting of signals that are in its operating range which offers band width of 2.2GHz.
VSWR
XY Plot 3 HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT
333.84

300.00

Name X Y Curve Info

250.00 m3
m1 4.4000 1.3662 VSWRt(Rectangle6_T1)
m2 7.6000 1.5923 Setup1 : Sw eep
m3 1.7000 237.8390
VSWRt(Rectangle6_T1)

200.00 m4 12.4000 1.2429

150.00

100.00

50.00

m1 m2 m4
0.09
0.26 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 12.72
Freq [GHz]

It has low vswr (1.2) at 12.4 GHz.

Smith Chart

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Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, 01-Special Issue, 2019

Except at the notched frequency bands, the values of VSWR are less 2.The bandwidth with VSWR more than 2
can be defined as the stop band of frequency notch. The notches of lower frequency are related 5.6 GHz and 7.8
GHz and the stop bands are vaguely matching the operation bands of these narrow band wireless communication
systems and it can be seen from VSWR. The notches of higher frequency are meant for the ability of producing
multiple frequency notches, In this method is used.

IV. Simulated and Experimental Results

Log Periodic With Fr4 Substrate
Test Setup

Return Loss

VSWR

PLPDA has low VSWR (1) at 9.9 GHz.

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Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, 01-Special Issue, 2019

Smith Chart

V. Log Periodic With RT Duroid Substrate

Test Setup

Return Loss

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 Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 11, 01-Special Issue, 2019

VSWR

PLPDA has low VSWR (1.29)at 13.1 GHz

Smith Chart

VI. Conclusions
In this paper we designed a wideband log periodic antenna. This antenna offers the gain of 6.4dB and wideband
ranging from 3.1 GHz to 13.83 GHz. Its bandwidth is 10.67 GHz. Practically log periodic antenna with FR4
substrate operates from 3.49GHz to 9.9GHz and log periodic antenna with RT DUROID substrate operates from
3.01GHz to 12.13GHz.

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ISSN 1943-023X 47
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