A.

RATIONALE
B. MANDATE
The recent growth development in the country
and Metro Manila, including Pasig and the Republic Act 7160, the Local Government
outlying areas had not only added a new role for Code of 1991 mandates local government units
the City of Pasig but also demanded a change in to adopt a comprehensive land use plan and
its traditional role to the metropolitan and enact zoning ordinance.
national structure.
Republic Act 7279, Urban Development and
From an industrialized city, it now moves Housing Act (UDHA) also mandates local
towards becoming the business and financial government units under Section 6 and 39 to
capital of the metropolis and the country as well. prepare a comprehensive land use plan in
From municipality, which has attained full growth pursuance of the objectives of UDHA
and development from its own objectives and
goals, it has evolved into a city, which must
function not only within but also beyond the
bounds of metropolitan structure in the light of an
expanding environment of growth and
development throughout the country.

City hood, realized in 1994, through the effort

of Mayor Vicente P. Eusebio brought along new
changes and nurture new dreams and aspirations
on the hearts and minds of the people. New hope,
new opportunities, new generation faces the city.

1
 Pasig is one of the 13 cities and 4 towns
compromising the Metropolitan Manila area. It
used to be the capital of the then Premier
Province until the creation of Metropolitan
Manila.

It acquires its city hood status in December

1994 by virtue of Republic Act 7829 converting
Pasig into a highly urbanized City.

Thirty (30) barangays comprise the city of

Pasig with an aggregate area of 3,100 hectares
and total population of 471,075 (1995 official
census).

In the Metro Manila structure, Pasig is located

at the eastern boundary of Metro-Manila and
within the intermediate core, together with
Muntinlupa, Valenzuela, Las Piñas, Paranaque,
Marikina, Tagig, Pateros.

In the national structure, it lies within the

Laguna de Bay basin and between two coastal
growth centers of Metro Manila and
C. BRIEF DECRIPTION MARILAQUE

2
 It lies approximately on the southern end of
Pasig River and is bounded by Quezon City and
Marikina City on the North; the City of
Mandaluyong on the West; Pateros, Tagig and
Makati City on the South; and Rizal towns of
Cainta and Taytay on the East.

MAP OF METRO MANILA

3
A) LAND USE HISTORY
Land use changes in the City of Pasig from
mere residential town of the Province of Rizal
came about with the influx of industries during
sixties and seventies, signaling the start of the
urbanization process of Pasig. The single biggest
factor affecting this land use change has been
attributed to the aggressiveness of the local
government in attracting investments in industry
characterized mainly by tax incentives and laxity
in development regulations and controls.
Loose Regulations led to large scale industries
setting any where mostly along the Pasig and
Marikina River, now registering about 200.
Industrialization made Pasig one of the greatest
recipients of migration, while absence of
development controls and use regulations
resulted in indiscriminate land use that brought
about urban adversities as traffic congestion,
population, squatting and flooding among others.
While industrialization increased the number of
population, housing components in industrial
development had been neglected that resulted,
aside from squatting, in the existence and
prevalence of housing settlements
characterized by temporary land tenure
arrangement, ie, unplanned communities.
Population more than doubled in 1970 from
1960 level.
Industries had the time of flourish and
abundance until the second half of the last
decade when a new form of urban development
took shape at the start of the eighties with the
development of the Ortigas Center, a private
sector initiative. The Development of the
Ortigas Center not only set a new era in land
use and development for the City of Pasig, but
also set the pace for the transformation of Pasig
into a highly urbanized city.
Halfway through this decade, the fourth since
the start of the urbanization, City hood became
a reality. In 1994, through the efforts of Mayor
Vicente P. Eusebio, Republic Act 7829
converting the Municipality of Pasig into a
highly urbanized city was passed by Congress
and ratified by the people of Pasig in a
plebiscite held in January 21, 1995.
4
 City hood created opportunities for urban
expansion. It attracted and opened the
floodgates of foreign investments particularly in
upscale condominium development. It added a
new dimension in land development. The rising
Skyline of the Ortigas Center is now dominating
the city’s landscape. It is now influencing
development not only on the fringes but also on
the entire city. Commerce and trade has taken
over the industries as frontrunner/front liner of
the economy.
B) POPULATION
1. The 1995 official census registers a
population of 471,075, an increase of 73,941
over a period of five (5) years and 165,750
over a period of 10 years showing annual
growth rate of 3.22% down from 3.99% over
the preceding censal period (1970~1980).
Projection for Pasig shows a population of
532,394 for year 2000, an increase of
61,619 over 1995 figure. Population is
projected to reach 628,428 in year 2010.
2. Population of Pasig accounted for 5% of
the total population of Metro Manila and
ranks 5th in population standing among
Metro Manila towns and cities.
3. The city’s population density is placed at
152 persons per hectare, with those
barangays nearest to the poblacion as
having the highest density topped by
barangay Sto. Tomas (1,266 per hectare).
These are the barangays that have the
smallest land area.
Barangay San Antonio, among all
barangays, has the lowest density with 36
persons per hectare. This is where the
Ortigas Center is located.
4. The influx of immigrants during the
industrialization period represents the
biggest factor of population growth. In
5
 1990 census, 30% of the population Quezon City 1,662,950 1
increase over the preceding five years was Caloocan City 761,824 1,989,41
attributed to migration. Pasay City 366,702 9
Mandaluyong City 246,131 1,023,15
PASIG City 397,309 9
However in 1995 official census, 9 Makati City 450,599 408,610
barangays registered negative growth led by Marikina City 309,320 286,870
barangay Kapitolyo and Barangay Bagong- Las Piñas 296,896 471,075
Ilog. Muntinlupa 270,399 484,176
Paranaque 307,384 357,231
San Juan 125,961 413,086
Metro Manila Population Taguig 265,600 399,846
1990-1995 Malabon 187,322 391,296
Navotas 339,786 124,187
1990 1995 381,350
Local Government 229,039
Populati Populati
Unit on on
437,165
City of Manila 1,588,203 1,654,76 NCR 7,907,3 9,454,0
86 40

6
POPULATION LAND AREA AND POPULATION DENSITY
BY BARANGAY (1995)
Land
Total Population
Household Number of Area
Barangay Populati Density per
Population Households (hectares
on hectare
)

7
Bagong Ilog 17,580 17,542 4,150 100 176
Bagong Katipunan 1,311 1,311 249 6 219
Bambang 17,994 17,994 4,151 35 514
Buting 9,123 9,123 2,063 40 228
Caniogan 24,082 24,082 5,054 140 172
Dela Paz 12,334 12,334 2,662 200 62
Kalawaan 18,722 18,722 4,030 120 156
Kapasigan 7,127 7,055 1,405 60 119
Kapitolyo 7,033 7,033 1,537 80 88
Malinao 4,474 4,443 1,103 25 179
Manggahan 59,185 59,077 12,927 375 158
Maybunga 21,712 21,712 4,779 190 114
Oranbo 3,411 3,070 698 12 284
Palatiw 15,019 15,019 3,223 22 683
Pinagbuhatan 38,811 38,811 8,147 330 118
Pineda 19,082 19,082 4,204 58 329
Rosario 48,544 48,527 12,288 320 152
Sagad 6,312 6,312 1,365 8 789
San Antonio 2,366 2,196 489 65 36
San Joaquin 11,906 11,906 2,783 42 283
San Jose 2,213 2,196 423 8 227
San Miguel 20,085 20,085 4,528 140 143
San Nicolas 2,119 2,119 458 22 96
Sta. Cruz 3,837 3,837 792 8 480
Sta. Rosa 1,799 1,799 346 8 225
Sto. Tomas 7,354 7,354 1,647 6 1,226
Santolan 30,881 30,881 7,671 170 182
Sumilang 5,474 5,474 1,427 10 547
Ugong 20,220 20,190 4,123 370 55
Sta. Lucia 30,965 30,965 6,620 130 238
TOTAL 471,075 470,251 105,342 3,100 152

8
C) FINANCE
The year 2000 income of the city is placed at
P 2.1 B., the 4th in rank among Metro Manila
towns and cities, an increase of 1260% over
1992 level, the year of the passage of the local
government code.
Since 1993, income grew at an annual
increase of 27% reaching P 2.1 B in year
2000. Almost 50% of the income comes from
taxes, particularly real property and business
taxes, while about 19% comes from the
internal revenue allotment. The rest comes
from operating and service income revenues.

From 1974, the city’s income rose from P

18.4 M to P 60.8 M in 1987, with an average
increase of 50% every 5 years or 10% every
year.

From 1987, income rose to P 154.3 M, a

dramatic increase of 153% over five (5) year
period or an average of 30% per year. These
years saw the start of the Post-Edsa era.

In 1993, however with the start of REVENUE BAR GRAPH (1992-2000)

implementation of the local government code,
income rose to P 487 M, an unprecedented
increase of 215% over income of 1992. The
new tax code of the City of Pasig was
implemented in 1993.

9
REVENUE LINE GRAPH (1992

10
D) ECONOMY
At present there are about 32,000
business establishments in Pasig. Out of this
figure, 200 are large manufacturing
establishments mostly engaged in the
manufacture of garments, chemical products,
electronics, steel products and food.
Commercial establishments are mostly
retail merchandising, banking and services.
Boosting trade and business in Pasig Market
and the Ortigas Commercial Center, the seat
of the unified Philippine Stock Exchange
Center and several high rise office and
residential condominium buildings. Top 50
business establishments is headed by Jollibee
Foods, Suzuki Philippines, Commercial Motors
Corporation, RFM, Union Ajinomoto, Republic
Asahi Glass Corporation, LG Collins, Universal
Robina Corporation among others.
ORTIGAS CENTER
THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
The agriculture, fishing and forestry sector is
practically non-existent. There are patches of agricultural
land planted to vegetables, but rice production is not
significant. Livestock raising are only of the backyard type.
TOP 50 BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS (1995)
Jollibee Foods Corporation Chemphil Albright & Wilson
Suzuki Philippines Corp.
San Miguel Foods, Inc Storck Products, Inc.
Commercial Motors Corporation First Private Power Corporation
RFM Corporation Allied Thread Co. Inc.
Union Ajinomoto, Inc. San Miguel Campofrio
FR Cement Corporation Corporation
Republic Asahi Glass Corporation Capitol Development Bank
Wellington Investment and Mfg. Bauang Private Corporation
Co. Legacy Steel Corporation
Lunar Steel Corporation Bush Boake Allen Phils. Inc.
Bankard Inc. Philippine National Bank
LG Collins Elec. Mla., Inc. General Milling Corporation
Mariwasa Manufacturing Inc. DAI-ICHI Electronics Mfg. Corp.
Beele Resources Corporation Smithkline Beecham Research
Express Telecommunication Amon Cement Corp.
Company Asset Marketing Corporation
Warner Lambert Philis. Inc. Himmel Industries Inc.
Novartis Nutrition Phils. Inc. Morniog Star Milling Corporation
Wrigleys Philippines, Inc. Squires Bingham Co. Inc.
Riofil Corporation Street Marketing Corp.
Electronic Telephone Systems Apollo Chemical Inc.
Universal Robina Corporation Charter Chemical & Coating
Nestle Philippines Inc. Corp.
Pag-Asa Steel Works Inc.
Purefoods Corporation
ABB Power Inc.
Litton Mills Inc.
RI Chemical Corporation
Swifts Food Inc.
Republic Cement Corporation
LG Collins Electronic Phils.
Software Venture International
Corp.
Benpress Holdings Corp.
TA Bank of the Philippines
Fortune Integrated Textile Mills
Inc.
Bayer Philippines Inc.
The Pacific Meat Co. Inc.
Philusa Corporation Medical Center Trading Corp.
Philippine Commercial Int. Bank Cosmetiques de Paris Inc.
Adidas Philippines Inc. San Miguel Corporation – Beer
Marsson Philippines Inc. Fil-Estate Properties
Fil-Estate Sales
Braun Medical Supplies Inc.
Source: Business Permit and License Office
E) ENVIRONMENT Metro Manila. Barangay Ugong occupies
the largest area, about 12% of the total
land area, while Barangay Sto. Tomas
1. Soil and Topography occupies the smallest area with 6%.

The geographical division of Metro Two main natural bodies of water

Manila has placed Pasig under the traverse the City and influencing
Marikina Valley Zone. As such, soil development, the Pasig River and the
composition is generally characterized by Marikina River. Approximately 16 km. run
Marikina Clay loam representing 86% of through Pasig. In addition, 17
the total land area. About 14% is within creeks/esteros run through Pasig territory
the Guadalupe Plateau Zone where soil is and its periphery. Another body of
very suitable for urban development. Valle water, manmade Manggahan Floodway
Verde Subdivisions, Barangay Kapitolyo cuts across the City, from the Marikina
and the Ortigas Center stand on this zone. River bend in Baranggay Rosario towards
Pasig is generally flat, characterized by Laguna Bay.
level to undulating slopes with gradients
ranging from 0-5%. All barangays have 0-2 3. Land Use
percent slope, except Bagong Ilog, Pineda,
Kapitolyo, and Oranbo.
a) Land Use Distribution

2. Land and Water Resources Land Use Area Percentage

Total land area is 31 sq. km. or 3,100

hectares, roughly 5% of the Metropolitan
Manila area. It ranks 10th in terms of land
area among other towns and cities of
Residential 1865 60.2% western entrance adjacent to the Ortigas
Commercial 220 7.1% Center.
Industrial 470 15.1%
Institutional 31 1.0% In all case, residential development
Agricultural 24 0.8%
Parks/Recreational 25 0.8% are mostly single types dwelling with
Open Spaces 466 15% very few instances of row house type of
TOTAL 3,100 100% housing. Even less are medium rise types
of housing. Rarely has the private sectors
b) Residential venture into medium rise housing
development similar to what was done by
In terms of land uses, Pasig is still the RFM which developed a portion of its
predominantly residential with industrial property in Barangay
residential areas occupying Manggahan into a medium rise
approximately 1,815 hectares of land. residential community.
Residential subdivisions are mostly
average to middle income class with c) Commercial
concentrations on the western and
northern part of Pasig mostly medium Commercial uses, occupy 7% of the
density residential development. High land are prominent of which is the
density residential areas are mostly Ortigas Center, the Central Business
located on the city proper on the District (CBD) of Pasig. Other secondary
southern part. The largest subdivision commercial activities are located in the
and also the only low density subdivision public market and its vicinity and in the
in Pasig, the Valle Verde Subdivision commercial strips along Ortigas Avenue,
developed by Ortigas & Company Shaw Boulevard, and A. Mabini St.
occupies about 80 hectares of land in the (Poblacion). Shopping blocks or
pedestrian mall type of shopping centers
 are provided by the Ever Gotesco
Complex, Makro, Robinson Complex and
Sta. Lucia Mall located in the northern
portion of Pasig, and by Pioneer
Shopping Center at the western portion
of Pasig.
Commercial establishments in the
form of warehouses lately have
proliferated indicating the preference of
Pasig for storage and stocking by Metro
Manila establishments.
d) Industrial
Industrial uses account for 15% of
the total land area mostly located in
Barangay Ugong, Bagong-Ilog, Rosario
and Manggahan. Approximately 200
large industries, both light and heavy,
exist in the city, mostly engaged in the
manufacturing of food, textile, garments,
chemical products, and electronics.
e) Parks
No system of parks exists in Pasig,
except the barangay park system. A 6-
hectare lot, locally known as the
Rainforest, owned and maintained by the
City of Pasig constitutes the Central Park
of Pasig. This park is provided with plant
nurseries, multi-purpose center and
sports facilities, such as swimming pool,
sports oval and a gym.
Pasig has a barangay center in each
of the 30 barangays. Aside from barangay
halls and/or multipurpose centers
constructed thereon, most are equipped
with basketball court and/or other play
courts such as tennis courts at Barangay
Rosario (Doña Damiana Subdivision) and
at Barangay San Nicolas. However, with
the exception of some plazas and
subdivision park, green parks on these
barangays are still much to be desired.
The Phil Sports (ULTRA) and the
Rosario Sports Complex are 2 large
recreational centers in Pasig. Both are
venues for national competition. In
addition, the Rizal High School, al rage
 public high school located along the
banks of Marikina-River in Barangay
Caniogan, is provided with a large park
and sports oval where local and regional
school sports competitions are often held.
Approximately 10 hectares of land
are used as burial grounds: the Roman
Catholic cemetery, the City Government’s
cemetery, Santolan cemetery and the
Evergreen Memorial Park. These are
concentrated on or near the City Center.
g) Institutional
f) Agricultural/Open Spaces
Pasig is left with only about 15% of
vacant and agricultural spaces available
for development expansion. Some of
these spaces include the 18 hectare
PCGG property and the 15 hectare
property of the Rizal Provincial
Government, both Prime lands in
Barangay Ugong and large tracts of land
at the Pasig-Cainta-Taytay boundary
along the Pasig River. There are also
open spaces surrounding the Mutya ng
Pasig public market that are open for
commercial development.
There is a very insignificant area
devoted to agricultural purposes mostly
planted with vegetables. Rice production
is limited to personal consumption.
Most of the open spaces and agricultural
lands are located on the southeastern
side of Pasig within the Laguna Bay
basin.
Large institutions in Pasig are the
Rizal Medical Center; Pasig City General
Hospital, Rizal Provincial Capitol, Rizal
High School, St. Paul’s College, Pasig
Catholic College, the Roman Catholic
church, Meralco, and the 5 hectare
Government Center in Barangay San
Nicolas that houses the City Hall, Sports
Center, Convention Center and offices of
national government agencies, as the
Bureau of Internal Revenue, Eastern
Police District and the Post Office.

Pasig City Hall

F) TRANSPORT FACILITIES
1. Road Structure

Total road network traversing the City of

Pasig is approximately 260 km. including
private subdivision roads, 12.23% are
national and provincial roads. There are
two (2) roads providing directional routes
along territory of Pasig; A. Rodriguez-Dr.
Sixto Antonio route along the North-South
axis and Ortigas Avenue along East-West
 Axis. These routes provide accessibility to
outer and adjacent towns and cities. Roads
and major thoroughfares are mostly
concrete and in good condition.
There are 4 major thoroughfares of
Metro Manila that pass thru City of Pasig
and these are the circumferential road C-
5, Ortigas Avenue, Shaw Blvd, and Marcos
Highway.
There are two (2) interchanges in the
City of Pasig both located along C-5, at
Vargas Intersection and at Ortigas
intersection.
2. Bridges
There are eleven (11) major bridges in
the city, four (4) across Marikina River, three
(3) across Pasig River and three (3) across
Manggahan Floodway. Another bridge, Buting
bridge crosses the Pateros River and connects
Pasig to Makati. There are several other minor
bridges that serve as barangay linkages across
creeks/esteros all around the City.
3. Approaches
Main approach to Pasig from the west is
through Ortigas Avenue, Shaw Boulevard, and
Kalayaan Avenue. These three (3) major
thoroughfares pass thru three (3) major
bridges over Marikina River, Rosario Bridge,
Vargas Bridge and Buting Bridge, along the
route towards the East and the innermost part
of the city, including the poblacion. Approach
from the north is through Amang Rodriguez
Avenue and from the South is through Dr.
Sixto Antonio Avenue. These two primary
roads connect to from North-South corridor of
Pasig.
4. Public Transport
Most common means of travel is through
jeepneys, for travel outside the city and
through tricycles for in-city travel. Public
buses are not common, although there are
some that pass thru the city via Ortigas
 Avenue plying Manila-Rizal route. The FX
vehicles, called the poor man’s taxi now
become an acceptable and affordable
substitute for taxis among MM and suburban
commuters and residents.

5. Pedestrian overpasses

There are three (3) pedestrian

overpasses within the city. These are located
at Shaw Blvd. in front of the Rizal Medical
Center, at C-5 Valle Verde and at Ortigas
Avenue near Rosario Bridge.
 II

EXISTING SITUATION
II
G)FLOOD CONTROL
FACILITIES
Drainage lines within the City of Pasig
has a total aggregate length of 104
kilometers consisting of open canal, covered
canal and underground reinforced pipes.
This represents the drainage facilities
installed in private subdivision which are
mostly underground reinforced concrete
pipes.
Almost all thoroughfares and residential
areas have underground drainage facilities,
while most high density residential areas are
provided with open or closed canal to
relieved the city of storm flooding.
Tow major waterways, Pasig River and
Marikina River and sixteen (16) other creeks
serve as the city’s drainage outfall. A total of
26 km. of creeks runs through the territory
and periphery of Pasig. Another major
waterway, the man-made Manggahahn
Floodway, together with its flood control
mechanism was constructed in 1980 as major
component of Metropolitan Flood Control
Program.
At present, Pasig has three (3) pumping
stations located on both ends of the Parian
Creek in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan and Kapasigan
and at San Agustin creek, Barangay
Pinagbuhatan with combined pumping
capacity of 10 gallons/minute.
 S U M M A RY O F C R E E K S 11. Sapang Malapit San Miguel
Name of Creek Length Location 1.30 Maybunga
(km) 12. Mahabang Ilog San Miguel
1. Daang Paa .80 Kalawaan .700 Maybunga
2. San Agustin 1.95 Pinagbuhatan 13. Ngusing 2.200 Maybunga
3. Parian 3.50 Poblacion Buwaya Rosario
4. Ilugin 1.00 Pinagbuhatan 14. Pinagkrusan 1.900 Manggahan
5. Nagpayong 1.70 Pinagbuhatan 1.000 Dela Paz
6. Pinagkatdan .350 Pinagbuhatan 15. Hakbangan Santolan
7. Marapa .700 Pinagbuhatan 16. Pansipit
8. Buli 5.300 Pinagbuhatan
San Miguel
Sta. Lucia,
9. Daang Banca .900 Rosario
10. Bambang 1.10 San Miguel
Liwanag 1.90 San Miguel
 INVENTORY OF CREEKS
PASIG CITY

Name of Creek/Covered
Definition/Length Remarks
Barangay

1. Daang Paa Creek From Sapang Manunuso (Tagig) a) Extend to Tagig

Kalawaan to Pasig River. b) Heavily silted
Length-800 mts. c) Encroached by squatter/structures, 300
mts.
Form Sapang Manunuso (Tagig)
2. San Agustin Creek
to Pasig River, to Parian River. a) Almost dried up in Barangay Kalawaan
Kalawaan
Length-1,950 b) With riprap from Pasig River to Urbano
Pinagbuhatan
Velasco, near Public Market (500 mts.)
Palatiw
c) Encroached upon by the Public Market
(250 mts)
d) Riprap, from Public Market to E. Santos St
(Palatiw), 300 mts.
e) Cut/missing, from E. Santos St., to Parian
creek, 400 mts.
f) Runs across a heavy commercial area
(public market vicinity).
From Ilugin River to Marikina g) silted
3. Parian creek River
San Jose-San Nicolas- Length 3,500 a) Riprap from Plaza Bonifacio to San Agustin
Kapasigan-Sagad- Ave., 200 mts.
Sto. Tomas-Palatiw- b) Culvert and filled, from Plaza Bonifacio to
San Miguel-Pinagbuhatan Marikina River, 400 mts. and occupied by
structures of Pasig Police Station, San Jose
Barangay Hall and a commercial
 establishment
Pumping stations at Plaza Bonifacio and at Ilugin,
Pinagbuhatan.
INVENTORY OF CREEKS
PASIG CITY

Name of Creek/Covered
Definition/Length Remarks
Barangay
4. Ilugin River From Parian River to Cainta River a) Silted
Pinagbuhatan Length – 1,000 mts.

From Cainta River to Pasig River

5. Nagpayong Creek
Length-1,700 mts. a) Dried-up-600 mts.
Pinagbuhatan
Lost -1,100 mts.
From Parian River to Marapa Creek
6. Pinagkatdan Creek Length-350 mts. a) Dried-up
Pinagbuhatan (Villa-
Rey) From Ilugin River to Greenwoods
Avenue a) 150 meters lost, rest dried up
7. Marapa Creek Length-700 mts.
(Tahanan Creek)
Pinagbuhatan
From Ilugin River to Kalayaan Ave.
8. Buli (Baugo) Creek (Imelda Ave.) to Balanti Creek a) Dried-up
Pinagbuhatan Length-5,300 mts. b) Encroached by squatters
San Miguel
Sta. Lucia
Rosario
From Buli Creek to Buli Creek a) Dried-up
9. Daang Banca Length-900 mts.
San Miguel
From Parian creek to Buli Creek a) Riprap/dredged-250 meters
10. Sapang Bambang Length-1,100 mts. Rest-dried up
Liwanag From Bambang Liwanag to end a) Silted
San Miguel At Doña Juana subdivision b) Portions with riprap
Length – 1,900 mts.
11. Sapang Malapit
From Sapang Liwanag to Manggahan a) Portion riprap
San Miguel
Floodway b) Silted
Maybunga
Length – 1,300 mts. c) Portion dried-up
H. CURRENT PLANS & 2. Socio Economic Development
PROGRAMS Plan

This was formulated by the city of Pasig in

1. Maripas Clusters Plan 1995 with technical assistance from NEDA.
The plan consists of tri-modal Sectoral plans
This is an Infrastructure Plan formulated for health, education. Economic,
in 1998 jointly by the Province of Rizal, and infrastructure, social welfare, protective
the cities of Pasig and Marikina basically to services and development administration.
improve traffic situation. The Plan
recognizes the traffic interrelationship within
the three (3) local government units and the
need for coordinated effort to address these
issues. The plan for Pasig calls for 3. Pasig River Rehabilitation
development of new travel routes to the Program
Eastern Province of Rizal via Mercedes
Avenue in Barangay San Miguel and/or via This program is being managed and
Elisco road in Barangay Kalawaan/San implemented by the Pasig River Rehabilitation
Joaquin Commission of which the City of Pasig is a
member, for the rehabilitation of the Pasig
River and its major tributaries. The
 Commission is now implementing the Master
Plan as prepared by Palafox and Associates.
The plan calls for development of parks along
the riverbanks and designation of
environmental protection areas. There are 9
barangays in Pasig lying along the Pasig River.
4. Pasig – Marikina River Channel
Improvement Program
5. West Manggahan Flood Control
Program
This is an OECF funded DPWH project to
minimize flooding brought about by Laguna
Bay spillage. The plan covers Pasig, Tagig
and the adjacent towns of Rizal and involves
construction of dikes/embankment on about
2km. stretch of Pasig River in bgy,
Pinagbuhatan, Kalawaan, Bambang and San
Joaquin, as well as construction of pumping
The scope of the Program is the Pasig
River upstream to the confluence of the
Marikina River and towards Marikina River
upstream. Currently in the design stage
funded by JICA, the program calls for
riverbank development, including
dikes/embankment and covers 10 barangays of
Pasig.
stations. Subsequently the project defines C-
6 partially. It is now the implementing stage.
6. MMURTRIP (Metro Manila Urban
Transport Integrated Program)
This is World Bank financed program
adopted the proposals under the Maripas
Cluster Plan as far as development of new
travel routes to the East
Is concerned. Huge costs of right of way
is putting the Pasig project on hold.
7. MMUTIS (Metro Manila Urban
Transport Integrated Study)

The study was undertaken by the DOTC I. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS

with technical assistance from JICA in 1996
and concluded in 1999. Out of this study, an 1. Increasing commercial
updated transportation database was
development
established and a transportation master plan
to year 2015 was formulated. The Medium
a. Increase in the number of services and
Term Transportation Development Plan
other commercial establishments per
identified bgy. Santolan as a location for a new
business tax records of the LGU.
bridge across Marikina River that will link
Pasig to Quezon City.
Between 1994 and 2000, rate of increase
in commercial establishments is almost
100% in accordance with the statistical
records of the City Treasurer’s office,
compare to low rate of increase of
industries which is below 30%.
b. Rise in pedestrian mall type of shopping
centers.
The commercial growth in the last 10
years gave rise to several pedestrian mall
typeof shopping centers in Pasig such as
the Ever Gostesco Shopping Complex (bgy.
Rosario), Sta. Lucia Shopping Mall (bgy.
Dela Paz), Pioneer Shopping Center (bgy,
Kapitolyo), MAKRO (bgy. Rosario), and the
Robinson’s Shopping mall (bgy. Dela Paz).
These shopping centers had slowly eased
out medium or average sized community
grocery stores.
c. Rapid high rise mixed-use condominium
development
As with other Central Business District,
high rise mixed-use development has
grown in the last 15 years, but has gone
rapidly in the last 5 or 6 years, confined at
the Ortigas Center and its surrounding
areas. The high rise development has
spilled over the fringes of the Ortigas
Center in bgy, Oranbo, bgy. Ugong and in
Barangay San Antonio.
d. Increase in the development of
warehouses
Development of warehouses, mostly for
lease has increased in the last 5 years.
Some old factory buildings of closed.
Industries were converted to warehouses
such as the Old Pimeco plant in bgy.
Ugong. From 31 in 1994 the number of
Warehouses increased to 158 in 2000.
2. Declining industrial growth
Some old industries have remained in
operation, yet have not expanded in the
last 20 years in terms of floor area or
activities.
Notable among the industries are those
located in large areas at the corner of
Otigas Avenue and C-5 in bgy. Ugong, at
the bend of the Marikina River in bgy.
Rosario, at Pasco Avenue in bgy. Santolan,
and at Shaw Blvd. in bgy. Kapitolyo. The
industries in these areas have shown no
visible signs of expansion nor substantial
improvement of physical facilities in the
last two (2) decades and these are all
located in prime lands

Other industries existing for a

longer period of time have ceased
operation or relocated to other growth
center outside of Metro Manila,
perhaps enticed by incentives of the
National Government or driven by land
and technology requirements. Some of
these are the Allied Thread Co., Aris
Corporation, Hunter Garments and
Marble Craft. Noticeable is the
absence of new large or medium size
industries in the last ten (10) years. All
these purportedly show that industries
are becoming less viable or profitable in
Pasig .
III

THE
COMPREHENSIVE 3. Residential development

LAND USE PLAN a. Slow subdivision development

Slow residential subdivision

“ BUILDING A development is registered in the last
10 years. There were only about 12

NEW hectares of land that were developed

into residential subdivision in the last
10 years, compare to the decades of
ENVIRONMENT” the 70’s and 80’s. Most of these
residential development are all of
 medium density type and designed than the usual two-storey structures
for middle income class group. has stirred up some neighborhood
associations and led to various
b. Increasing density and height complaints from within. Increasing
land values have outdated the
Increasing though not significantly present zoning ordinance.
are the development of townhouses
and medium rise housing 4. New Growth Centers
condominiums, although these are
more intended for middle income Development of new growth
group. centers outside Metro Manila will
continue to influence the physical
Subdivision residential lots are environment of the City of Pasig.
getting smaller, while non- There are large industries in Pasig
subdivision lots are further being that have relocated to CALABARZON
subdivided by owners to growth area. And the MMARILAQUE
accommodate growing families. Region.

As density increases, so is the On the other hand, the last years

height of single residential had seen the eastern region,
structures. We now see three to four particularly Rizal and the southern
storey houses in high intensity non- region, as a residential expansion of
subdivision and simple subdivision Metro Manila. Improving
areas constructed on small plots/lots. accessibility of Rizal Province, via
In average or middle income Pasig, would further encourage
subdivision projects of complex type, creation of new residential
construction of residences higher communities in the East.

There are now several average, low,
and middle income class residential
subdivisions in the East particularly
in the towns of Cainta, Taytay,
Angono, Antipolo and Binangonan.
J. FUNCTIONAL ROLE
1. For quite sometime, Pasig has provided
industrial support to the old Metro Manila
structure, and as an industrial center, it had
aptly performed its role. But changing
trends and having a full blown Central
Business District with such rapid
development and great potentials for
expansion, we will allow Pasig to assume
the new role of providing trade and
commercial support to the metropolis. This
new role will enhance the worth and
significance of Metro Manila as a potential
world class metropolis
2. Gateway to the Province of Rizal
This role emanates from the geographical
location of Pasig which is at the border of
Metro Manila and Rizal Province. Pasig
now becomes the major corridor to the East
made apparent by the heavy movement of
traffic from East to West and vice versa
along the major route which is Ortigas
Avenue. As such, it is perceived that any
physical development in Pasig is strategic to
the progress of the province of Rizal.
K. CONSTRAINTS
1. High Population growth rate
The NSO date for 1995 reveals an
annual growth rate of 3.22% down from
3.99% of the preceding censual period
just the same, it is still higher than the
national growth rate of 2.2%, although
much of this growth rate comes from
migration. Based on this growth Pasig
will have a doubling population in I8
 years. Most visible consequence of
heavy migration is the proliferation of
squatter settlements and eventually
environmental degradation.
2. High Land Valuation
Land values are now up to P8O, OOO
per square in the Ortigas vicinity, about P
20,000 on the average in prime lands
within the city proper and a minimum of
P5, 000 per square meter in other areas.
Land values and taxes as well
tremendously increased right after city
hood and that was the start of the
decline of industrial activities.
3. Elevation of Pasig is 1.00 mts.
below mean sea level.
In some cases, invert elevation of
drainage system is lower than the sea level.
A back flow of waters is being experience in
the poblacion during rainy season when
rivers ran high.
L. ISSUES AND CONCERNS
1. Incompatible/Conflicting Land Use
a. Some industries are located in
residential zones and vice versa.
Heavy industries such as Pioneer
Ceramics, Apo Chemicals, Gold Medal
and Mariwasa are located in
designated residential zones/areas.
Inversely, Tierra Verde Executive
Village, and Carlaville subdivisions in
Barangay Santolan are located within
industrial zones. Other residential
subdivisions such as Bartville,
Dreamhomes, Mar Village and Octagon
Subdivision were located closely to
industrial establishments such as
Daichi, Fumakilla, Silahis , Steel
Corporation, Bandag and Tierra Stock
Pipes in Barangay Dela Paz. In some
cases, several batching plants are
located very close to high density
residential areas.

b. The existing land use likewise reveals
a large block of heavy and pollutive
industries along C-5 in Barangay
Ugong such as PR Cement, Resins &
Ajinomoto among others. Adjacent is
the Valle Verde Subdivision, a low
density residential zone.
c. High rise structures are trying to
encroach/penetrate middle income
class subdivision eliciting adverse
reactions from residents thereon.
Boundaries where high rise structures
are to be permitted without disturbing
the peace and serenity of a
neighborhood unit are not defined and
made clear to the private sector.
2. Loose implementation/absence of
some development regulations
a. Setback and easement regulations and
were openly being violated. There are
residential structures that do not
reserve open yards, sometimes making
full occupancy of the lot parking
requirements of some commercial and
institutional establishments are
likewise being violated. Multi-storey
structures are not equipped with
proper open and green spaces. At the
Ortigas Center, clustering of high rise
structures is constricted that allows less air
ventilation. In some cases, height limitation
is violated.
b. Buffer zones as required by zoning
regulations are not strictly enforced on
industrial areas.
c. There are encroachments on sidewalk,
on creeks, and even on right of way or
other public open spaces. Even
subdivisions encroach on creeks.
d. No system of enforcement on the part
of LGU (among
implementing/regulatory bodies) and
between LGU and other implementing
agencies. Points or levels of
coordination are not defined.
 e. There are no stringent rules, of squatter families in the entire city, but the
particularly during the initial estimate of 10,000 squatter families
industrialization period, regarding appears conservative. These are mostly
establishment of industries and their concentrated on rivers and creeks. Large
use of the rivers. These industries concentration of squatters is on the banks of
discharge liquid wastes directly to the Manggahan Floodway and on the unfinished
rivers with superficial or no treatment embankment. Tough stand or strong
at all contributing significantly to prevention mechanism must be taken by the
water pollution and to the LGU.
deterioration of the rivers. In some
instances, barges owned by these 4. The Community Mortgage Program
industries are parked permanently (CMP)
alongside of the rivers, used
sometimes for storage by the In general, squatter areas are slum or
industries or by others. This reduces blighted areas. Blighted areas, however are
the width of the rivers. not solely confined to squatter areas since
there are tenanted areas that are depressed as
Easements are likewise being used well.
as yards of the industries. Some have One solution the government has offered to
heavy structures built on the these areas is the Community Mortgage
easements, such as those located in Program or CMP where squatter families
Barangay Bagong Ilog and Pineda. organize themselves into an association to
establish a personality to negotiate with the
3. Squatters government and the land owners for the
acquisition and eventually, subdivisioning of
No official count or census has been the lot they are occupying disregarding
conducted to determine the accurate number housing standards. The CMP allows and
 encourages below acceptable housing
standards and this does not contribute to the
enhancement of the general housing
condition.
Perhaps what ions served by the CMP
regularization of land tenure, but the blight
situation has remained. While we continue to
upgrade regulation for other types of
development, grade the standards of low cost
housing in Metro Manila just to match the
falling affordability level of the program
beneficiaries or the maximum loan.
5. Housing Backlog
According to the 1990 NSO Census of
Population and Housing, Pasig has a total of
73,119 occupied dwelling units and 77,624
households, 9.6% which are existing in
multiple household situation. The Metro
Manila Environmental Karte prepared by
JICA and Metro Manila Authority in early 90’s
reported 19.2% of households as living in
unacceptable conditions.
6. Land Related Conflicts/Issues
a) There are disputes over ownership of large
parcels of land that hampers development
in Barangay Manggahan and Santolan.
b) There exist untitled lands, and in addition
there are overlapping of titles of serious
concern in some areas as in Barangay
Santolan
c) We have various boundary conflicts among
Barangay units and with adjacent LGU’s,
particularly with the Municipality of
Cainta.
d) Erosion
Tax map of the City Assessor’s Office
indicate movement of shoreline of the Pasig
River and the Marikina River in Barangay
Bambang, Buting, Pinagbuhatan and Barangay
Santolan.
e) Squatters in Urban prime land
Large and prime land in Barangay Rosario
with great commercial potentials is occupied
by squatters who have been staying in the
 area for more than 20 years. There were
attempts to resolve the problem or evict the
squatters thru negotiated or legal means, yet
it is feared that with the existing political
environment, there might not be a alternative
but to sell the property to the settlers
themselves, for the lot owners to be
compensated. In which case Pasig shall be
deprived of a big commercial boost.
7. Traffic Congestion
a) Strong traffic flow to the East
The strategies location of Pasig in
relation to the Province of Rizal has become
the primary source of traffic congestion in
the city. And because of this, Pasig will
have to bear with its role as a major carrier
of traffic to the Eastern Province of Rizal,
which had been undergoing a lot of
development in recent years. With Ortigas
Avenue as the main corridor, Pasig is
primarily being used as a travel route
between Metro Manila and the East, and
the traffic generated out of this relationship
appears to be the single biggest factor of
congestion. The forthcoming transfer of
the seat of governance of the Province of
Rizal to Antipolo will add up to the
predominantly Eastern bound traffic yhat
runs through the heart of the city.
Congestion on Ortigas Avenue has caused
traffic to overflow especially during peak
hours, to the secondary roads, affecting
likewise internal circulation of Pasig.
b) Circumferential Road C-5
Aside from the East traffic, Pasig is now
being confronted with traffic at
Circumferential Road C-5 which runs
through 3km. of a busy section of
residential and industrial establishments.
C-5 may have relieved EDSA (C-4) some
of its traffic load, but it has created a
dilemma for Pasig. Since it was opened to
fast traffic, it has adversely affected internal
mobility in certain parts of the city, in city
travel becoming more tedious. In a few
years, upon full completion and utilization
of C-5 from end to end, more traffic will be
drawn into it, and without adequate
 infrastructure support it would be difficult
to sustain the limited expressway character
it was designed to be. Pasig stretch,
particularly at Vargas Bridge approach has
been identified as one of the bottlenecks of
C-5 considering its proximity to the Ortigas
Center.
c) Street parking
Barangay streets are being used for day
and night parking. This is a common
occurrence in high density residential
areas of the poblacion where carports or
off street parking areas are not provided
within the residences, mostly in barangays
San Miguel, Palatiw, Pinagbuhatan,
Sumilang and Bambang.
Ultra, a large recreational institution
adjacent to the Ortigas Center create
monstrous traffic jams during special
events, concerts and games, although
occasionally, but nonetheless paralyze
tremendously the traffic movement to the
Ortigas Center and to the East.
d) Proliferation of tricycles
Due to the absence of adequate parking
spaces, patrons and clients utilize the
streets as parking areas resulting in traffic
chaos which extend over a radius of 1.5 km.
and congesting the streets and areas of
Ortigas Center, C-5, Shaw Blvd. and even
the whole stretch of Ortigas Avenue.
Other large educational institutional like
the La Immaculada Concepcion which
have no parking areas within its property,
utilize streets as parking areas and as
loading and unloading zones congesting
Caruncho Avenue, the main road towards
the public market, the City Hall, and the
government centers .
Absence or lack of adequate parking
spaces in commercial establishments,
especially those along commercial strips
utilize roads and sidewalks as parking
spaces for their clients and their service
vehicles. A. Mabini St. located at the city’s
poblacion is one strip of commercial
structure where heavy traffic occurs due to
street parking.

Means of travel frequently used by the
residents are the tricycles for inter and
intra barangay travel and the jeepneys for
traveling to and from neighboring areas of
the city. Though tricycles appear to be the
most convenient means of travel and
though regulated by the barangay units,
they posed hazards to pedestrians as they
ply their route on narrow roads, made even
narrower by street parking.
In addition, there are just too many of
them plying overcrowded routes even
using road intersections as terminals.
e) Laxity in enforcement of traffic
rules.
Jeepneys drivers often violate loading
and unloading regulations. In some
instances jeepney drivers had the temerity
to engage each other in conversation in the
middle of the road in full view of enforcers.
Inaction of enforcers are more of a sign of
desperation rather than neglect of duty.
f) Excavation
Excavations more often that is not
properly coordinated with traffic enforcers.
Issuance of excavation permits must be
systematized for proper scheduling.
8. Flooding
a) Apart from the Laguna Bay Spillage Pasig
may relatively be free from floods,
particularly the town proper, but floods
from storm run-off occurs in some areas due
to intense rainfall and excessive flows of the
Pasig River and Marikina River.
b) In most cases, storm run-off is due to
inadequate, damaged, cut, or clogged lines
within the system. As of latest heavy
rainfall (October, 1995) there were 94
areas and streets in 20 barangays that
experienced flash floods although in low
levels due to storm run-off. Flood waters
subside mostly in two (2) hours, though.
c) Excessive flows from Pasig and Marikina
Rivers brought about by heavy rainfall
 aggravated by absence of
dikes/embankment inundate low lying areas
along their path in Barangay
Pinagbuhatan, Kalawaan, San Joaquin,
Bambang, Santolan and Rosario. Flood
along low lying areas of the Marikina River
also occurs from closure of the Rosario
floodgates of the Manggahan Floodway.
d) In some cases, floods remained for days due
to blocked or silted esteros inducing a
backflow of waters. Portion of some creeks,
such as the Hakbangan creek and
Pinagkrusan creek have been encroached
upon by residential subdivisions, squatters,
and industries thereby blocking the flow
and reducing the width of the creeks. Pasig
and Marikina River, likewise have not been
spared of encroachment from squatters.
Other creeks located in areas still open for
development are drying up like the Sapang
Malapit, Sapang Mahabang Ilog and
Bambang Liwanag Creek in barangay San
Miguel and Maybunga. In some cases,
roads have replaced creeks as in Barangay
Kalawaan. (Jimenez St.)
e) The most serious floods occurring in Pasig
is caused by the Laguna Bay spillage and its
occurrences are getting frequent than it
used to. This flood which takes months to
subside inundate low lying areas
surrounding the Pasig River in Barangay
Pinagbuhatan, Kalawaan, Bambang, San
Joaquin and extends to the nearby
barangays of Palatiw, San Miguel and
Maybunga. The latest floods of this type
occur in year 2000 and in 1998 believed to
be aggravated by the flood control
mechanism of the Manggahan Floodway
structure. These brought to the attention of
the national government the adverse effects
of the construction and operation of the
Manggahan Floodway on the towns of
Pasig, Pateros and Tagig.
9. Pollution
a) Establishments of Industries brought along
air and water pollution. At present there
are about 200 large industries located all
over Pasig, some of the heaviest of which
are located along the banks of Pasig and
Marikina Rivers discharging liquid waste
 directly to the river with superficial or no disturbing place and tranquility of the
treatment at all. About 54 industries, light neighborhood.
to heavy abut the rivers.
d) Though devolved, Pollution Control
Air pollution has been blamed for the rise functions has not been assumed by the City
in respiratory cases among the population of Pasig. On the other hand, the
in some arts of the city, such as in Barangay Department of Environment and Natural
Kalawaan, Santolan, and San Joaquin. Resources (DENR) and the Laguna Lake
There are cases when complaints of Development Authority (LLDA) are not
residents against polluting industries led to exerting any effort to facilitate the
closure of these establishments. devolution, much less to equip local
government units with technical capabilities
The degree of pollution in Pasig does not to monitor and implement pollution
differ from the rest of Metro Manila towns abatement measures, environmental
and cities which is made worse by smoke protection codes, and other related decrees,
belching of motor vehicles. rules and regulations.

b) Water pollution does not only come from

industries but also from domestic sources.
Solid & Liquid waste from households find
its way to the river system via the drainage
systems.
c) Much of the noise pollution in Pasig is
derived not from industries, but from
motorized tricycles plying narrow routes,
10. Absence of sewer system
Waste water management is through the
traditional individual household disposal
system. There is not centralized sewerage
system not even in urban poor housing
projects placed under the Community
Mortgage Program. Domestic sewage is
disposed off to a septic tank where effluent
 is discharge to the storm drain system
without any treatment at all.
As a starting point the city and the
MWSS must work together in establishing
sewer lines and treatment plant in existing
housing projects and subdivisions enjoining
participation of affected communities. New
developments however need to be covered
by regulations somewhere, including urban
poor housing projects.
10. Absence of constant potable water
supply throughout the day.
a) Through majority of the households are
serviced by MWSS, there is no constant
supply of potable water in the system
throughout the day. Water rationing takes
place in most areas particularly within the
poblacion and is a source of inconvenience
among households. Deep wells have not
been a reliable source due to the presence
of several factories which draw their water
supply from ground water source, resulting
in overdraft. There are several areas within
Pasig where ground water has almost been
depleted and could no longer be sourced
out.
b) However in spite of water rationing by the
MWSS in the poblacion and other parts of
the city, some areas enjoy constant MWSS
supply throughout the day, such as the Valle
Verde subdivision, Barangay Ugong,
Manggahan and some parts of Barangay
Rosario, In contrast, there are areas where
availability of MWSS supply in too limited
such as in Barangay San Antonio, Ortigas
Center, Barangay Sta. Lucia and Barangay
Pinagbuhatan.
c) Barangay Pinagbuhatan needs to be served
immediately, with only 65% of the
population being served by MWSS. This is
where most depressed communities and
urban poor housing projects of the
Community Mortgage Program are located,
all existing without the benefit of MWSS
system. Barangay Manggahan, San Miguel
and Palatiw are only 80% being served by
MWSS.
 d) The age of the system is one area that
should be looked into by authorities. Aged
systems are usually in the poblacion where
rationing takes place and where water
levels in the wells continue to decrease, and
where most leakages occur.
11. Garbage Disposal
a) Garbage disposal site is one thing that the
City Government, and for that matter any
single LGU could not afford to maintain,
considering, its huge environmental costs.
Pasig, just like other LGU’s rely heavily on
MMDA for the disposal of garbage and
therefore need to fully participate in the
preparation of a Metro wide solid waste
management plan that include
establishment of a sanitary landfill system
or other form of garbage disposal and
including waste recycling and segregation.
While disposal is dependent on MMDA,
waste recycling and segregation can be
handled independently by the City
Government.
12. Burial Site
a) The 3.5 hectare government burial site in
Barangay Caniogan and Barangay Santolan
and the Roman Catholic Cemetery are
already congested. These appears no room
for expansion for both, and in a few years
with doubling of population in 18 years,
cremation may be the only option left.
M. LAND REQUIREMENTS
Present land use reveals that only about
15% of the total land area of Pasig is open
for development. Due to scarcity of land
resources or against demand, it is not
expected that each use may be sufficiently
served by all requirements particularly in
housing where the bulk of the demand is
placed. However, other strategies that
could offset land requirements can be
adopted by the City.
1. Industrial Use
 Based on the standard .80 hectare space
requirements per 1000 population, the city
does not need additional industries until
year 2011. But high cost of land makes
new industries not viable and likewise
forces the existing unproductive industries
especially those located on prime land to
convert to high yielding commercial uses.
Industrial activity likewise is slowing
down as a result of industrial dispersal
policy of government and the rise of the
new growth centers outside the
metropolitan area which have been
absorbing established industries away from
Pasig. By year 2000 about 3.5% of the total
existing areas devoted to industrial use has
been converted to commercial use. It is
expected/forecasted to drop further by
another 3% in the next three (3) years.
Correspondingly, intensified commercial
activities is expected to take the frontline in
enhancing growth and economy and
surpass the economic gains attained by the
city during its peak industrial period.
2. Commercial Use
From 1987 to 1988, commercial
establishments grew at an average of 7.04%
annually. Following this growth rate Pasig
will be needing an approximate land area of
454.43 hectares to satisfy its commercial
land use requirements for the year 2015 or
an additional 300 hectares.
Development at the Ortigas Center, ahs
started to spill over the fringes including
San Antonio Village, a semi-exclusive
residential village in Barangay San Antonio.
The rapid pace of development has brought
about an increase of about 65% in the
number of completed condominium units
from 1992 level. The increasing demand of
upscale condominium units recognizes the
need for opening more areas for
commercial high rise development and the
need for expanding the scope of the Central
Business District. Because of the rise of
several business district and other growth
centers all over Metro Manila, a broader
scope of CBD in Pasig together with better
land control and development mechanism
would be needed to increase its
competitiveness in business, trade and
employment.
Recent trends in the National and
Metropolitan levels and increase in land
valuation resulting from cityhood and the
influence of the Ortigas Center demands a
redirection of land use priorities towards
high intensity commercialization. The mere
presence of the Ortigas Center and its
influence on the surrounding areas demand
complementary development from the other
areas of Pasig that would support or relate
to the Central Business District. With
declining industries, intensifying
commercializing would be the best option
for maintaining the economic progress
achieved by the city.
4. Parks
3. Residential Use
The city’s housing requirements in 20
years have gone beyond the resources of
the local government unit in terms of land
resources and finance.
A total of 28.8% of households in 1990
has been reported in the Metro Manila
Urban Area Environment Karte as in need
of housing units. The same trend increase
the demand to 32,869 units for the year
2000 and to 42,820 units in 2008. For a
density of 100 units per hectare, additional
land requirements for housing would reach
426 hectares in the year 2008.

Base on subdivision standards, additional

land requirements for park for the present nee
is 32.50 hectares and 6.79 hectares for future
requirements approximating a total of 40
hectares.
 GOALS
1.Rehabilitate physical
environment

2.Improve traffic conditions

 A clean, healthy, and pleasant
3.Enhance aesthetic appeal
environment with modern and
adequate infrastructure,
4.Maintain cleanliness and
competitive business climate, along
sanitation at all times.
with a creative, intelligent,
5.Increase economic and
productive, disciplined, and
investment growth
opportunities. empowered citizenry will make
Pasig a better place to live, work
and grow.

VISION
A. VISION - MISSION

VISION MISSION
Intensive high-rise development Offer the country and the world an alternative,
1. A world class financial competitive and satisfying place of business and
and business capital employment by way of an expanded Central Business
of the Philippines in the District equipped with an efficient system of
21st century. infrastructure and a complimentary land development and
control mechanism.

Architectural urban environment

A center for recreational activities
and a place for special events.
2. A scenic and enliven
river system
A scenic view
Transform Pasig into a well functioning and aesthetically
appealing city while preserving its historical and cultural
heritage.
Provide opportunities for recreational, tourism and
cultural development by way of a pleasant river
environmental that comprise open space, parks tourist
spot and other amenities.

A transport route By a scenic view of the rivers, motivate land owners to

develop sites and structures on the riverfront with
aesthetics and architectural value.

By a scenic view from the rivers, inspire and move

viewers and commuters to use the river as a mode of
 transportation.

VISION MISSION

Mixed residential – commercial Encourage development of medium rise, self contained

3. Pleasant housing communities residential communities to complement the business and
environment commercial character of the city and the metropolis.

Develop housing programs to improve housing condition

Quality and decent housing and regularize land tenure.

Offer the population a respite from the pressure of work

A city landscape dominated by and rigors of life through the presence of abundant
green elements. natural greeneries.

Offer the investors by way of a green environment, a

4. A green landscape A touch of nature in every piece of comfortable and satisfying place of employment and
development operation, an attractive and competitive business location
at par with the leading growth centers of the world.

A walk in the park in the daily life of Provide the residents by creating enough open spaces,
the people parks and playground the opportunities to grow into
physically fit individuals embracing leisure and
 recreational activities as permanent ways of their lives.

VISION MISSION
 Alternative transportation Establish efficient land based, water based and if so
5. Modern transportation requires a rail based transportation network.
structure.

Established pedestrian network Provide pedestrian with facilities and services for a safe
convenient and free flow of pedestrian movement.

Well-managed and established Create healthy, creative and sound minded inhabitants by
6. Clean and healthy system of flood control, solid waste, providing clean and sanitary living conditions at all times
surrounding water supply, and sanitation system. through infrastructure and institutional development.
B. OBJECTIVES & STRATEGIES

OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES TARGETS

1. Maximize use of land resource 1.
Intensified commercial development 1. Increased commercial zones to about
by opening more zones for 20% of the total land area
2. Preserve and conserve history and commercial development and
culture expanding the Central Business 2. Industrial zones reduced by 50%
District
3. Promote redevelopment 3. Declares historical preservation sites
2. Urban renewal for existing housing
4. Create a distinctive character for areas and other critical areas 4. Identified and marked historical
Pasig identified from the standpoint of landmarks and historical spots
historical, cultural, economic,
5. Provide order in development aesthetics, architectural, and other 5. Identified sites, at least 12 for urban
environmental considerations, such as renewal.
for historical development and
preservation, for sites and services 6. Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance,
development and for special growth Development Guidelines and
and development. Institutional Framework.
6. Minimize number of informal settlers
3. Development and designation of
7. Reduce blight standard design on which all types of
construction/development shall be
8. Create better/quality residential based.
communities and housing projects 7. Reduced informal settlers by 75%

4. Increase government efforts towards 8. Increased medium rise housing

identifying and developing new sites communities
for medium rise housing.
9. Slum areas eliminated
5. Encourage private sector in medium
rise housing development 10. Upgraded development standards for
housing/subdivision.
6. Strong squatter prevention and
relocation program and mechanism
 7. Comprehensive Shelter Program

OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES TARGETS

9. Increase green areas
10. Increase recreational opportunities 9. Continuing development and expansion
for the people by providing adequate
parks and recreational areas within
the access of residents
11. Transform the river system into a
tourist, recreational and cultural
attraction.
12. Contribute to the development of the
rivers as a mode of transportation.
13. Encourage other activities along the
rivers.
8. Develop greenbelts zones 11. Fully developed a expanded Central
Park to about 10 hectares.
of a Central Park or recreational center 12. At least 5,000 sq. mt. of pocket parks
that will provide among others a picnic
ground, social halls, competitive sports 13. At least ten (10) km. of linear parks
facilities, and the amenities of a
scientific, educational and leisure park. 14. Six (6) km. of bicycle lanes along
creeks
10. Full
development/upgrading/expansion and
maintenance of existing barangay parks
and playground and other community
parks to bring about their maximum
utilization.
11. Small scale greening of residential
areas, by creating pocket parks or
open spaces in housing sites
especially in densely populated areas.
12. Massive and continuing tree
planting, greening and beautification 15. 100% cleared and 50% developed
on all public places and open spaces. easements.
13. Adopt, recover, and develop non- 16. At least (10) developed major parks
buildable easement zones. developed along the rivers.
14. Develop/pursue programs and 17. River walls/parapets covering at least
projects along the riverbanks outside of 50% of the total length of the
the easement zones, such as parks and shorelines.
playgrounds, historical sites, urban
 renewal and other types of
development or redevelopment.

15. Increase access to the rivers

OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES TARGETS

18. Designate appropriate land use 18. Completion of the Manggahan

design along the riverbanks. Floodway

19. Upgrade physical appearance of river 19. 50% improvement of river water
infrastructure such as river walls, quality and riverbed.
parapets and bridges.

20. Recommend and work for the

completion of the Manggahan
Floodway, specifically embankment
and the East and West bank roads.

21. Institutional Development that which

will promote coordination with
14. To synchronize and jibe neighboring LGU’s and with other
transportation network of Pasig to agencies involved in traffic
Metropolitan transportation structure enforcement and transport 20. New travel routes to the East.
and to that of the Province of Rizal. development, increase the capabilities
of traffic personnel and traffic 21. Construction of at least 3 additional
15. To improve the accessibility of Pasig enforcement unit in the terms of staff bridges.
and the Central Business District to and logistic support and modern
neighboring cities and to other equipment, and provide motivation to 22. LRT study or identified LRT routes.
growth centers. traffic enforcers.
23. Identified location of river terminals
16. To maintain an efficient internal 22. Improve traffic management system
circulation within the city by ensuring including provision of modern traffic 24. Attractive and appropriate
 a free flow of pedestrian and vehicular
movement.
17. Maximum traffic safety on all roads of
Pasig
signs and signals, marking, tripping,
pedestrian barriers and crossing,
traffic circulation scheme, effective
rules and regulations for both
motorists and pedestrian (particularly
on loading and unloading zone) and 25.
designation of terminals particularly
for taxis and tricycles.
pedestrian facilities on major
thoroughfares, on secondary roads
and commercial centers, or a
comprehensive pedestrian net-work.
Upgraded traffic code.

23. Extensive traffic education for both

motorists and pedestrian and public
general
OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES TARGETS
 22. Infrastructure development including
building of new roads and bridges
to link to neighboring growth centers
and improve internal circulation and
construction of pedestrian
overpasses/facilities in major
thoroughfares.

24. Regular/continuing program of repair,

rehabilitation and improvement of
existing roads, sidewalks, pathways,
curbs and gutter and road shoulders
emphasizing quality in workmanship

25. Continuing infrastructure study on

18. To minimize flooding
19. To reduce pollution levels
20. To provide a constant supply of
potable water to all households 26. Formulation and adoption of a Master
throughout the day.
measures to improve traffic such as
on:
a) Easing/decongesting eastern
bound traffic
b) Identifying possible route for mass
transit system particularly that which
will serve the Central Business
District and serve the commuters to 26. 90% flood free
and from Rizal Province.
c. Identify possible areas that would 27. 50% reduction in pollution levels
accommodate bicycle lanes and walk
lanes. 28. 100% MWSS piped water services to
all households.
Drainage Plan.

27. Development of more effective and

 innovative solid waste collection
system.

28. Continuing study of an effective waste

disposal system appropriate and
feasible for the City of Pasig within its
financial capabilities or in joint
undertaking with other LGU’s.
OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES TARGETS
29. Pursue recycling, waste segregation 29. 80% population acceptance of
21. To maintain an efficient waste and other techniques of waste waste recycling and segregation.
management system handling through full scale information
campaign, education and programs. 30. At least 6 km. of rehabilitated and
22. To achieve and maintain continuous well functioning creeks.
flow of rivers and creeks 30. Recommend/support expansion of
MWSS service areas and rehabilitation 31. Sanitation Code.
23. To adopt and maintain proper of old and inadequate waterlines.
sanitation standards for all structures
and establishments 31. Initiate a sewerage plan or system in
joint undertaking or close coordination
with the MWSS concessionaire and the
DENR.

32. Development of modern flood control

infrastructure in coordination with the
DPWH to contain erosion and prevent
overflows, such as
revetment/embankment and riverwalls
on Pasig and Marikina Rivers, pumping
stations and equipment.

33. Comprehensive Maintenance Program

of inventory upgrading, rehabilitation,
 cleaning and declogging of drainage
system, including creeks that carry
statements of the organization,
personnel system, equipment and
financial workplan.

34. Recovery, revival, rehabilitation,

clearing and dredging of all
creeks/esteros in coordination with
DPWN, DENR, MMDA and other
concerned agencies.
34. Improve/Strengthen local sanitation
system and enforcement in technical
and administrative aspect, including
upgrading of local sanitation code and
proper information and campaign.
 e) Streets/right of way – providing for
center islands and planting strips and
C. POLICY AREAS: design of intersections.

1. Open Space/Greening f) Private residences motivating and

encourage citizens to undertake
a) Heavy/medium industries – increased greening and landscaping, within
open space their properties and within their
requirements and /or buzzer zones. vicinity.

b) Interchanges, bridges, pedestrian

overpasses, LRT stations and other 2. Frontage and streetscape
elevated transport structures – development
integration of greening in the design of
these infrastructure facilities. a) Street/right of way development –
pertains to side-walk design and
c) Condominium, subdivisions, industrial development and its integration with
and commercial projects – prescribing utilities, street lighting, and in some
landscaping plan and upgrading open cases with advertising and commercial
spaces requirements. signs.

d) Public places or parks and public b) Private Lot areas immediately along
buildings – greening requirements, and the streets – refers to building
in addition prescribing standard design setback, fence setback and fence
character for purposes of aesthetics design.
and/or distinction.
3. Heritage Development

a) Historical landmarks and structures –
identification and marking of historical
landmarks and structures to prevent any
outright demolition or alteration of
structures.
b) Easements, on recovery, design and
implementation
c) Industrial operations, such as on
berthing activities, construction of
wharfs and piers.

b) Restoration of historical structures, such d) Land use, such on discouraging

that the original appearance is preserved heavy industries and other uses
and maintained. incompatible to the development of
the river and encouraging
c) Historical sites – Designation and comprehensive type of development
delineation of cultural and historical on the riverbank areas on the part of
enclave. the private sector.

4. Urban Renewal Areas, with respect to e) River Infrastructure, such as

design standards and quality of prescribing standard design for river
infrastructure and housing. walls, parapets, bridges, piers.

f) Linkages with Pasig River

5. River/Riverfront Development Rehabilitation Program

a) Buildings/Structures, on frontage g) Development integration, with large

orientation height regulations, scale development.
prescribing architectural design
character, approval of building design.
6. Central Business District, such as on:

1. Setback/height requirements, such as

increasing setback requirements in
relation to the height of the building. 7. Mixed-Use Development

2. Open space requirements, such as 1. Allowable uses, such as limiting land

prescribing floor area ratio and minimum use to mixed residential-commercial
setback requirements. use and recreational uses.

3. Pedestrian facilities/walkways, such as 2. Open Space, setback, height and

prescribing standard design of parking requirements.
development.
3. Minimum land requirements
4. Roadways and utilities design.
4. Traffic considerations
5. Adjoining LGU’s for the integration and
coordination of design and development. 5. Waste water treatment

6. Solid Waste

8. Land Information system, to enable the

public and the developers as well other
investors to access information on land use,
land values and other land data.
9. Disaster mitigation d. Joint venture with other government
agencies and with the private sector
a.Reducing earthquake hazards which may in undertaking low cost medium rise
refer to improvement of building standards housing.
for design, methods and techniques.
12. Population policy i.e, reducing
b. Disaster preparedness program housing demand and support of
national policies affecting
migration.
c. Identified critical or high risk areas

10. Tax incentives and other incentives for industries,

developers and even private individuals.
13. Traffic Management
11. Housing policy
a. Parking requirements in large
a. Cooperative housing, housing subsides commercial, institutional and
and other support. recreational establishments, including
office and residential condominium.
b. City Government housing, on
identification of housing beneficiaries b. Carport requirements in residential
and housing sites. structures

c. City Government housing, on c. Street parking regulations

identification of housing beneficiaries
and housing sites. d. Parking fees
 e. Regulation in movement and operation of b) Design, in consideration of integrity of
tricycles. structures and aesthetics.

14. Pedestrian Access and Safety c) Integration of utilities in the

implementation.
a)Sidewalk encroachment
d) Linkage/interconnection of subdivision.
b) Specific sidewalk design, in identified
areas, such as in the Central Business center 16. Flood Control/Minimizing damage
or in the town center. from floods

c) Pedestrianization of some areas or road a) Elevation standards, prescribing above

segments flood levels standards especially on flood
prone areas.
d) Pedestrian Infrastructure –
location/design of pedestrian overpasses and b) Flood Warning
waiting sheds. System, such as the issuance of
guidelines to be observed at the onset of
a heavy rainfall;

15. Road Development, such as on: c) Evaluation of the flood

control mechanism of the Manggahan
Floodway, such issues as regulating
a) Possibility of integrating bicycle lanes in new
closure or opening of gateway dams at
road development and in other areas where
Sta. Rosa hydraulic structure and the
feasible.
Rosario weir.
 19. Water Conservation
17. Pollution Control
20. Waste Recycling, segregation and
a) Growth and operation of industries, such as other aspects of waste handling
regulating industrial activities, imposition of
taxes and penalties. 21. Burial –on advocating cremation
and on issuance of burial permit.
b) Motor vehicles, with respect to
smoke belching 22. Annual appropriation, giving priority to
acquisition of sites for parks and playground
c) Tricycles, with respect to noise especially along riverbanks and on high
they cause on neighborhood density residential areas, to create new open
spaces, to increase access to the rivers, and
18. Sewerage System, which may initially for relocation and informal settlers, and for
be in the form of providing or requiring road/sidewalk expansion: and for the Land
waste water treatment for: Use Plan to be the basis of the Annual
Appropriation.
a. New and existing housing
communities/projects including urban poor 23. Private sector/community
housing projects under CMP. participation, that which will :

b. Industrial establishments and monitoring a. encourage participation in design and

their compliance. implementation of projects and programs

c. For other large development projects. b. systematize/institutionalize participation


c. identify areas of private sector partnership
d. Increase government efforts in community
organization and education.
24. Institutional linkages
a.With the barangay councils, the purpose of
which is to provide them with a strong role,
logistic support, and an effective working
mechanism with the city government in the
implementation of programs and projects
enabling them to share responsibilities in
such functions as:
- monitoring all development activities,
particularly along waterways and their
compliance to development guidelines,
regulations, and other clearances.
- In squatter prevention and relocation
- In the protection of the rivers and
creeks and their easements.
- Maintenance of roads and drainage
facilities.
- Fire protection, traffic management
and enforcement.
- Greening, maintenance of parks,
enforcement of sanitation code, solid
waste management and other aspects
of cleanliness and beautification
- Information & education
b) With DPWH and other public and private
infrastructure implementing agencies
with respect to project development,
design, and implementation coordination.
c) Close relationship with the Province of
Rizal and neighboring LGU’s and the
DPWH.
d) Close coordination with LLDA, DENR,
and other agencies involved in the
protection of the environment
particularly in pollution control, and for
 possible devolution of some functions to the
City Government.
e) With MWSS concessionaire
f) With the international community
25. Organizational Structure
a) Planning bodies
- Local development council, to
strengthen in terms of composition
that will increase representation
from the NGO & private sector, in
terms of logistic and staff support
towards the performance of its
functions as stated in the Local
Government Code.
- Barangay Development Council, to
strengthen representative from
NGO’s and the youth, and to
increase its technical capabilities.
- City Planning and Development
Office, to strengthen the office and
improve its capabilities in the
performance of its functions,
particularly as the technical arm
of the Local Development
Council.
b) Project Monitoring, creation, activation
or strengthening the Project Monitoring
Team or committee that will coordinate
all monitoring activities, including those
that are foreign assisted, including
settings up of Sectoral committees or
task force to monitor these projects.
c) Plan Evaluation review and updating,
such as creation of task force review
committee or a system that will assist
the local Development Council in this
function.
d) Funding, to tap other services to finance
the plan or to improve areas of taxation .
e) Capacity Building, for a meaningful
capacity building program for officials
including Barangay officials particularly
in the fields of coordination,
management and improving technical
capabilities.
 and other functions related to
f) Creation/strengthening of offices that which management of land properties of the
LGU.
will improve government position and its
- Community Relations office, that which
capability to promote coordination, develop,
will reorganized, consolidate and
manage, implement and monitor programs upgrade existing offices involved in
and enforce regulations, such as: community relations in terms of
functions, personnel, and logistic
- The regulatory bodies and their system, support.
defining roles and functions, powers, - Environmental Office, to regulate and
procedures, enforcement mechanism, logistic enforce environmental laws, policies and
support, and proper coordination with other ordinances formulated by the City
offices. Government.
- Park Management Office, that will develop, - Engineering Department as the
implement, oversee and monitor programs infrastructure implements agency of the
and projects related to parks, playgrounds city government in terms of
and other recreational development facilities organization, system, and improving
and provide measures to improve and technical capabilities of personnel.
maintain existing parks and playground. - Solid Waste Management Office, to
- River Development Office – to oversee and study, develop and implement programs
monitor all developments, private and public and activities related to solid waste
along rivers and creeks, to develop and management, including the proper
coordinate plans and programs for the coordination with various government
improvement and protection of rivers & and private agencies.
creeks.
- Estate Management Office, that which will D. KEY DEVELOPMENT AREAS
manage housing and housing related
programs, and projects, a. BARANGAY KAPITOLYO

Going by the present trends in development, the

present use of a large portion of Barangay Kapitolyo
 (industrial block) had not been fully maximized. These areas The LRT project could catalyze
possess great potentials for redevelopment considering its the transformation that could also be
geographical location, size and capability. Adjacent to it is
an opportunity to develop integrally
the Central Business District as proposed by the City of
Mandaluyong. Areas for integration/coordination with the Marikina River System.
Mandaluyong must be identified.

b) A large portion of barangay

b. BARANGAY SANTOLAN Santolan along the riverbanks
are occupied by informal
a) The industrial block bounded by settlers on land whose
Pasco Ave., Marikina River, Marcos ownership has been a subject of
Highway and Among Rodriguez dispute for a long period of
possess a great potential for time. The ownership issue has
redevelopment. Aside from its dragged for decades and has set
physical characteristic, the CBD back all development efforts. In
proposal of Marikina across Marcos order to stabilize the
Highway could complement its community, the government
development. could intervene to resolve the
land issue in favor of the
A new type of development in occupants who have been
Barangay Santolan will enliven staying in the area for not less
Barangay Santolan and its people than 30 years and preposition a
which until now had stagnated for 20 meter special easement zone
quite a long period of time despite along Marikina River.
the presence of industries and even
during the height of industrial 3. UPPER MARIKINA RIVER AREAS
development.
 The large parcels of land occupied
presently by heavy and medium industries
in Manggahan, Rosario and Ugong along
Marikina River are possibilities for large
scale redevelopment. Aside from being
perceived as unproductive showing no
visible signs of expansion, the presence of
these industries has not stimulated the
growth of other activities in the Barangay.
4. BARANGAY UGONG
The high land valuation in barangay
Ugong could spur another process of
development. Riped for a new type of
development, the industrial block along
C-5 should be given the though of
minimizing it conflict with adjacent land
use (Valle Verde subdivision) and
complementing the Ortigas Commercial
Center. This area is being left out of the
development of Barangay Ugong.
5. THE ORGITAS PROPERTY, C-5,
BARANGAY UGONG
This is a 15 hectare vacant property
with a very high land valuation located
on an environment that is essentially
residential and low density. Its high
commercial value amidst a
residential environment might cause
a conflict in land use development
and could cause a concern for would
be developers.
6. RIZAL PROVINCIAL CAPITOL
This area will soon be vacated
by the province of Rizal upon
relocation of its seat of government
to Antipolo. It reverted back to the
private sector, Pasig could loose a
great source of wide open spaces
that serve as breathing spell in an
environment of high rise and
constricted structures and with the
highest land valuation among Pasig
Areas. The LGU could exercise its
power to reclassify this area into
some uses that would redound to the
welfare and benefits of its people and
produce a positive impact on the
environment.
7. MARKET VICINITY control. The presence of some
industrial activities in these
The absence of a semblance of order at the way barangays has not contributed to a
development is taking place in the commercial areas of the healthy environment, much more the
market vicinity demands a reinforcement in development general growth of the barangay and
regulations, Setbacks, easement, green spaces, use of arcades
its residents. Housing appears to be
& standard design of pedestrian facilities are some of the
areas that should be covered by strong and proper the most important component in
regulations. At present, there seems to be a random type of environmental development of these
development taking place. areas considering the large number
and the length of stay of the informal
8. THE OLD TOWN PLAZA settlers, and in the case of barangay
Pinagbuhatan, the number of poor
With evidences of history, families who were resettled in the
development of this area could be the area through Community Mortgage
starting point in heritage development. Program.
The historical enclave could extend
beyond its boundaries to cover areas of Barangay Pinagbuhatan has
Barangay Malinao, San Jose and San become the favorite location of
Nicolas. squatters and urban poor housing
projects due to low cost of land.
9. BARANGAY KALAWAAN, Focus of attention should be on areas
PINAGBUHATAN AND SAN JOAQUIN near the old dumpsite and the closest
to Laguna de Bay.
These 3 barangays need the most
government attention in terms of The riverbanks of these 3
enhancing the environment, be it in barangays which are all located
terms of land, use housing or flood along the Pasig River could be taken
 advantage of source of parks,
playground, and open spaces for highly
congested areas, in which case
easements could be made wider.
10. MANGGAHAN FLOODWAY
The stretch of Manggahan Floodway
from Ortigas southward covered by
Barangay Maybunga, San Miguel and
Sta. Lucia has become as eyesore. It is
now occupied by thousand of squatters
mostly settled on the embankment which
ahs remained unfurnished up to this
time. Completion of the embankment
and the east and west bank road which is
tantamount to removal of the squatters is
the biggest task ahead for the LGU, the
DPWH and the NHA. The project needs
to be completed not only for visual
purposes but for full utilization of the project.
12. OLD
11. BARANGAY STA. ROSA
Almost whole of population of
barangay Sta. Rosa are tenants of Rizal
Provincial Government. The main issue is
securitization of land tenure.
However, the area occupied by the
population is only one-third of the land
area of the barangay. The other part
of the barangay is occupied by a
warehouse of an industrial
establishment and the old Capitol
building of the Rizal Provincial
Government with wide open spaces
which maybe made available for parks
and playground. This barangay
located at the cross of Pasig River and
Marikina River comprise only of 8
hectares. With land security problems
and some structure to be affected by
the easement zone of the rivers,
studies should be made on how it
could be united and incorporated with
the contiguous small barangays of
Bagong Katipunan and Sumilang.
CAPITOL SITE,
BARANGAY STA. ROSA
The structure that used to house
the seat of Rizal Provincial
Government presents a good view
 from C-5 – Pasig River bridge. The homelots for low income families.
building with all of its historical value Development in such a huge size of
must be preserved for some special uses subdivision with individually
and enhanced by parks and promenade constructed housing units could
extending to the site owned by the DPWH. influence the environment. Though
the NHA is properly regulating the
13. BARANGAY PALATIW, BAMBANG development, the project needs a lot of
AND SAN MIGUEL support from the City Government
especially in so far as maintaining
This NHA developed housing roads and drainage system is
projects consists of about 80 hectares of concerned.
homelots for low income families.
Development in such a huge size of 15. PINEDA PNR PROPERTY
subdivision with individually constructed
housing units could influence the The area about 2.6 hectares is
environment. Though the NHA is properly now occupied by squatters. It needs
regulating the development, the project to be redeveloped into a more decent
needs a lot of support from the City housing not only for itself, but because
Government especially in so far as it lies along the riverbanks of Pasig
maintaining roads and drainage system is River. A portion of this property, 10.00
concerned. mts wide easement has already been
cleared of squatters.
14. KARANGALAN SITES AND
SERVICES 16. RAINFOREST

This NHA developed housing This park has the potentials of a

projects consists of about 80 hectares of central park that could be expanded in
 size and develop into a tourist attraction,
sports and recreational park, botanical
park or any other scientific or educational
park. Accessibility from residential areas
is one area of concern.
17. APPROACHES
Approaches from all sides or from
adjacent LGU’s should be made to create
impression by being visually appealing.
The distinct character that Pasig wants to
achieve must be evident from these points.
The C-5 interchange at Barangay
Bagong Ilog is one approach and a sight
that needs to be loaded with green
elements to counter the impression of a
concrete jungle created by the structures
of the interchange it self and the adjacent
congested areas of Barangay Bagong Ilog.
18. C-5
Traffic along C-5 in Pasig, as in
Ortigas Avenue, will largely affect the
internal circulation within Pasig hence
should be made efficient at all times
not only through modern
infrastructure development but also
thru proper signages, markings and
deployment of trained and capable
traffic personnel.
19. DR. SIXTO ANTONIO AVENUE
This road used to be one of the
oldest centers of trade and commerce
in Pasig but deteriorating traffic and
road conditions have caused a
slowdown of development activities
and failed to attract big investors not
with standing its great potential for an
increased level of development.
20. SANDOVAL AVENUE
This road has at present become
the primary access to the urban poor
housing projects located not only in
the territorial jurisdiction of Pasig, but
also in the boundaries such as Taytay
and Tagig.
 The southend stretch (at Taytay- industrial development and its future
Tagig boundary) of this road runs through linkages to C-6 and the Laguna Bay
barangay Pinagbuhatan and through the area.
most densely populated areas of Pasig.
Though least developed being low lying 21 ORTIGAS AVENUE
and close to Laguna de Bay, the low land
values had made these areas become the Undoubtedly the main eastern
favorite location for high density urban corridor, it needs regular maintenance
poor housing projects and relocation and upgrading, and even expansion to
centers particularly those under the allow construction of interchanges and
Community Mortgage Program. possibly mass transit system that
maybe introduced. And to
Such case of development going accommodate the increasing
ahead of the infrastructure, nevertheless, commercialization in the area.
has made it imperative for the local
government to respond and develop plans Ortigas Avenue has been
to meet the needs and requirements of identified as an LRT route because it
these areas. Upgrading of this road is in carries the highest volume of vehicular
order and should involve expansion in traffic.
length and in with and for greeneries.
Amidst a highly densed condition around 22.C. RAYMUNDO AVENUE
this road is an opportunity to create green
and open spaces. Extending its length This street stretches from the
further south would connect Pasig to C-6 Vargas Bridge to Ortigas Avenue and
and further north (via Jenny’s Avenue) to is designed to accommodate
Ortigas. It needs widening on whose commercial establishments. Full blast
stretch considering its great potential for commercialization must be preceded
 by development regulations/guidelines Defining the shoreline thru
specific to the area. construction of dikes or river walls is
the starting point in the physical
23.PARIAN CREEK development and improvement of the
river system. From there, easement
The creek is at the center and heart can be properly determined.
of Pasig and its serve one of the densely
populated areas of Pasig. This creek is a Pinagbuhatan need to be
big factor in relieving these areas of flash rehabilitated and utilized for flood control
floods. and open space purposes. Creek
easements are often violated in these
24.BURIAL SITE areas, where we see warehouses
constructed right at the edge of the creek.
Upgrading should be done to
increase the capacity and to shift slowly
from above ground to underground burial,
at least in some areas for semblances of a
park.

25.RIVER WALLS

IV
 FIVE YEAR INVESTMENT
PROGRAM

E. FRAMEWORK PLAN

1. PROPOSED LAND USE

DISTRIBUTION

Land Use Area Percentage

(has)
Residential 2015 5 The site, the most historical among
places within Pasig shall become the
Commercial 680 22 Heritage Park of the City of Pasig, It
comprises the areas immediately
Industrial 215 7 surrounding the church and the plaza, but
upon further study, historical preservation
Mixed Use 120 4 can be extended to the outlying areas of
Development Barangay Kapasigan, San Jose, and San
Nicolas. Scope of Development shall be
Institutional 25 0.5 but not limited to the following:

Parks 45 1.5 - Reconstruction of historical

buildings that were torn down to
give way to infrastructure
- Development regulations as to
TOTAL 3,100.00 100% height, land use, and building
design
- Pedestrianization and commercial
development
- Infrastructure design and
development such as roads,
pathways & streetscape furniture
- Park improvement and
2. URBAN RENEWAL AREAS development

The Old Town (Church and Plaza)

 - Preservation and restoration of b) Development of the environment
historical landmarks and structures protection areas (river easement)
such as the bahay na tisa.
c) Acquisition of vacant lots within the
The heritage park shall be revived as center of area for relocation of displaced
cultural activities which used to be decades ago, families and for development of
and shall be the main tourist attraction of the city. parks.

Santolan Riverside d) Regularization of land tenure.

These areas covering about 20 hectares of the e) Developing of a cooperative

land that ashore 1.00 km. stretch of Marikina community.
River, had been indentified for urban renewal by
the Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission (PRRC) These areas identified for urban renewal
under funding agreement with the Asia have been occupied by some Informal settlers
Development Bank. for decades and had been subject to various
land disputes and issue. The project could be
The project is basically a sites and services an opportunity to settle this issue.
project, with scope of work as follows:
Bliss Site and Vicinity, Barangay
a) Infrastructure, such as opening or Caniogan
widening of roads/pathways, upgrading
of drainage system, development of The Bliss site, standing on a one-hectare
parks, playground and other government property and consisting of 9 four
community facilities. storey walk-up building constructed in 1979 is
today a picture of disarray and deterioration.
Add to this is the problem of
unclear/unacceptable tenurial status originally
offered, and clearly the absence of maintenance
and management which become pronounced in
1986 after a change in government. The supposed
to be surrounding open spaces are loaded with
sorts of encroachment and illegal constructions
operated for business and allegedly perpetuated or
being allowed by officers or member of the
association. Sanitary conditions is very much
compromised.
Rehabilitation of the site is proposed as
follows:
d) Environmental sanitation, such as
a) Site redevelopment; includes clearing
the open spaces of all encroachments
and illegal structures, landscaping,
redesign of fence, improvements of
pathways, sidewalk, drainage system
and other infrastructive facilities, and
development of recreational and
commercial amenities.
b) Building face-lifting, repair repainting
and providing new architectural
touches on the exterior.
c) Tenurial structure has gone
unacceptable through the years
marked by a number of turnover of
occupants and must be reviewed
and evaluate. A direct purchase by
the occupants/beneficiaries of the
condominium units is
recommended and must be worked
out among three (3) groups, the
association, the NHMFC which
handles the project and the City
Government of Pasig.
establishment of a sewerage and
water treatment system in joint
undertaking with the MWSS and a
solid waste recycling and
segregation mechanism.
Closely located to the Bliss site
is the residential area adjacent to
the burial site of the city
government. Rehabilitation shall be
done in terms of upgrading of
infrastructure facilities, such as
roads, sidewalks, and drainage
 facilities. Residents are to be motivated
to improve their housing
units/respective places.
The burial site itself shall be
programmed for redevelopment, which
shall be geared towards injecting an
element or atmosphere of a park,
providing for a standard or uniform
design of burial plots, and upgrading of
infrastructure facilities particularly
drainage system.
Pineda PNR Property
This has already been identified by the
PRRP, NHA, HUDCC and the local government
as Sites and Services project to be placed
under the Community Mortgage Program.
Partly it will be designed for medium rise
housing. The ultimate aim is issuance of
individual titles to the occupants or qualified
beneficiaries.
3. CENTRAL PARK
This Central Park which we call the
Rainforest Park located in barangay
Maybunga shall continue to be the
Centerpiece project and for which further
expansion and full scale development into
a recreational, tourist, scientific and
educational park shall be pursued.
4. KAPITOLYO OPEN SPACE
Though located along the creek and
in a ravine, it is nevertheless a good site
for park, at least for a leisure park. The
site, consisting of 2 hectares is owned
by the local government and its
development would counter the
deterioration of Barangay Kapitolyo.
5. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AREAS
a) Pasig and Marikina River
easements (approx. 20 has)
 In consonance with the master plan
for the Pasig River Rehabilitation
Program as prepared by the PRRC, a
minimum of 10 meters easement shall
be reserved along the banks of the
Pasig River and Marikina River for
linear parks development and in
accordance with the PRRP shall be
designated as environmental
protection areas.
In Barangay Pinagbuhatan, where
industrial zones are designated along
the river, a minimum of 15.00 meters
easement can be prescribed to
increase areas for parks in a highly
densed population.
For Barangay Santolan, wider
easement along Marikina River shall
be worked out. Accretion of the
rivers, if possible, could be used for a
wider easement, on top of the 10
meter prescribed easement, or for
parks and playground purposes.
Barangay Santolan adjoins Marikina
City which has established a wider
easement along Marikina River.
For areas zoned for mixed use
development, the city encourages
private developers to plan areas
adjacent to the riverbanks as park
or greeneries in the course of their
design and development, to form
together with the prescribed
easement, a large park.
For this purpose easement shall
be measured from the lot property
boundary.
b)Creeks
The 3.00 mts. legal easement
shall be enforced and declared
Environmental protection Areas
(EPA) likewise. In totality the
creeks would generate a total of
about 3 hectares of easement
available for development as linear
parks.
 This alternative route shall
6. NEW ROADS AND BRIDGES utilize conception St. in
Barangay Buting and Elizco
a) Maripas Road II – C-5 to road in Barangay Kalawaan and
Manggahan Floodway to Highway likewise cross the Pasig River
2000 and the Manggahan Floodway,
going to Rizal Province.
This is an alternative route to
the Province of Rizal linking C-5 c) Manggahan Road – from
(Rodriguez Lanuza intersection) to Kalayaan Avenue to Amang
Floodway and to Highway 2000 in Rodriguez Avenue, via
Taytay, Rizal. This route will cross Manggahan Business Park.
Marikina River from C-5, connect to
existing Mercedez Avenue which d) Jenny’s Avenue (Barangay San
shall be upgraded and widened and Miguel) to Sandoval Avenue
to Cainta towards the Manggahan (Barangay Pinagbuhatan)
Floodway/Highway 2000. Bicycle
lanes on one side of the road shall This needs to traverse the
be connected to the Marikina River eastern side of Commercial
and to the creeks in Barangay San Motors Corporation in Barangay
Miguel leading to the Central Park San Miguel.
(Rainforest).
e) Kalawaan bridge to Market
b) Maripas Road III – C-5/Buting Avenue
bridge to Pasig River/Manggahan
Floodway to Taytay. The connection leads
directly to the Public Market
and perhaps, upon joint
 agreement between Pasig and Tagig Rodriguez flyover. This flyover,
and the DPWH, could be extended according to the DPWH plans,
south wards and become the entails expansion of Ortigas
catalyst in the development of the Avenue. Hence acquisition of
southern part of Barangay road right of way affected by the
Kalawaan and of Napindan in Tagig. flyover and this interconnecting
road could be done
f) Eusebio Avenue Extension – connect simultaneously.
Eusebio Avenue to C. Raymundo in
Barangay San Miguel and to Pag- h) Sandoval Avenue – C-6 road
asa St. in Barangay Caniogan.
This is not only to jibe the
g) Dr. Sixto Antonio Avenue to amang road network of Pasig to the
Rodriguez Avenue Metropolitan/national transport
structure but also to open traffic
This connecting road which connections with the Province of
intersects Ortigas Avenue will Laguna. This will boost
traverse the wet market (talipapa) development of the outmost part
of Barangay Rosario, which is of Barangay Pinagbuhatan.
recommended for relocation to
another place. The area to be i) Kapitolyo – Fort Bonifacio
vacated, which needs to be Bridge
acquired/purchased, shall be
converted to open spaces/parks. This is to connect two leading
The connecting road could be growth centers of Metro Manila,
constructed simultaneously with the the Ortigas Business Center and
construction of Ortigas-Amang the Global City and shall
 connect St. Monica St. in Barangay
Kapitolyo (from Shaw Blvd) to
Lawton Avenue in Fort Bonifacio.
The proposed bridge is situated
between C-4 and C-5 Pasig River
bridges.
j) Santolan Bridge
This is proposed along the direction
of the Pasco Avenue by the MMUTIS
Program of the DPWH.
7. RIVER PARKS
a) Sta. Rosa Park
follows:
As proposed in the PRRP
master plan, this shall involve
restoration of the old capitol
building, the pre war seat of
government of the Province of Rizal
and the development of the
surrounding areas into a historical
park. The area, privately owned,
directly abuts the river.
b) Other location proposed for
river park development are:
- Barangay Pinagbuhatan, near
Republic Glass and Globe Steel
- Barangay Kalawaan
- Barangay Bagong Ilog – near
Vargas bridge and at near
Corporal Cruz – A. Flores St.
- Barangay Santolan
- Barangay Rosario
- Barangay Ugong
8. RIVER ACCESSES
Proposed river access sites are as
- Santolan (Pasco St., and Tawiran
St.)
- Rosario (Rosario bridge)
- Ugong (C Santos St.)
- Maybunga (near barangay hall)
- Caniogan (Pag-asa St., and Vargas
bridge)
- Bagong-ilog (M. Flores St.)
 - Sumilang (near Mary’s Infant General
Hospital)
- Buting – San Joaquin (F. Flores St.)
- Bambang (Farmers Avenue)
- Kalawaan – Axis road and near
Kalawaan Relocation Center
- Pinagbuhatan (Guinto St., and
Nagpayong)
- San Joaquin (Daang Paa creek)
- Pineda (at Sta. Monica St.)
10. NATIONAL
9. CREEK REHABILITATION
a) Parian Creek
Rehabilitation project involves 5 km of
creek covered by 7 phases and likewise
involve construction of retaining wall,
flooring and cyclone wire fence along
both sides. Phase I covering 590 linear
meters cost P12M taken out of local
funds. In addition to the development of
the canal itself, the project will go as far
as recovering and developing the 3.00
meter easement on both sides.
b) Other Creeks
Creeks for rehabilitation shall be
Sapang Liwanag, Sapang Malapit,
Sapang Mahabang-Ilog, and Sapang
Bule, all located in the vicinity of
Barangay San Miguel and Maybunga.
Rehabilitation of these creeks shall
be a prelude to the development of the easements
into bicycle lanes that shall connect to the Rainforest.
ROAD PROJECTS (ON-
GOING)
a) C-5 – Ortigas Flyover
The first phase has been completed,
that is the second level west bound
overpass. The next phase will be the
left turning overpass from Ortigas C-5
and the 3rd level 2-way flyover along C-5
which shall commence implementation
in February, 2002.
The third phase is the west bound
flyover at Ortigas- Amang Rodriguez
Avenue intersection
 b) Valle Verde Flyovers
These are southbound flyovers to be located
at C-5 corner Julia Vargas Avenue and
corner Rodriguez Lanuza. Both are in the
design stage and are scheduled for
implementation in 2003.
Marcos Highway Improvement, from
Evangelista St., to Masinag and Ortigas
Avenue, from C-5 to Tikling.
c) Marcos Highway Improvement, from
Evangelista St., to Masinag and Ortigas
Avenue, from C-5 to Tikling.
Both projects involve improvement of
pavement, drain age, sidewalk and provision
of pedestrian barriers, traffic signs and
signals, and landscaping and are scheduled
for implementation in year 2002.
11. MARIKINA RIVER CHANNEL
IMPROVEMENT
This is a JICA – assisted project of the
DPWH that covers Pasig River, from Manila
Bay up to Marikina River upstream.
This is now in the design stage and the
development is proposed to include
river infrastructure, such as
embankment and parapets, riverbanks
development and improvement of the
riverbed itself.
With respect to Marcos Highway,
intersection improvement is
recommended at corner Imelda Avenue,
Kalayaan Avenue and corner Amang
Rodriguez Avenue, possibly interchange
development.
12. WEST MANGGAHAN FLOOD
CONTROL PROJECT
This is now on-going and consist of
construction of Laguna Lakeshore dikes
and in Pasig construction of about 4,000
meters of parapets on both sides of the
Pasig River and installation of 3
floodgates. The lakeshore dikes are
proposed as alignment of C-6.
13. LRT – 2

This is already on-going and expected to
be completed in year 2003 with terminal
and depot in barangay Santolan. This runs
from C. Recto Ave., in Manila to Barangay
Santolan in Pasig. Under study in Phase II
extending the line to Masinag, Antipolo.
14. PASIG EXPRESSWAY
This is an unsolicited bid for elevated toll
road under the BOT law that runs eastward
from C-5 at Kalayaan intersection in
Makati, crossing Manggahan Floodway
turning northwards to join Imelda Avneue
(Kalayaan Avenue) South of Marcos
Highway. It has already passed through the
ICC procedure of NEDA. It was however
being considered for review upon some
objections from the Pasig River
Rehabilitation Commission.
15. FERRY BOAT SYSTEM
This is proposed in line with the Pasig
River Rehabilitation Program of the
national government. The System is
proposed to cover the entire route of
Pasig River and Metro Manila portion of
the Marikina River, extending to the
Laguna Bay. Six possible sites are
identified as location of ferryboat
stations in Pasig and which shall further
be evaluated. They are as follows:
- Santolan (Pasco Avenue)
- Rosario (Ortigas Avenue)
- Bagong-ilog (Vargas Bridge)
- Kalawaan (Guinto St.)
- Pinagbuhatan (Nagpayong)
16. WASTE RECOVERY CENTER
Proposed to be located in the old
dumpsite in barangay Pinagbuhatan, not
only to serve as a recycling, segregation,
and redemption center, but also to
devote to fishing and farming activities
that will utilize solid waste.
F. AREAS OF STUDY
1. Barangay Consolidation/Segregatin
 There exist a wide variance between the
smallest and largest barangays. Small
barangays are as low as 6 hectares such as
St. Rosa, Sta. Cruz, Sto. Tomas and San
Jose, while large barangays could go as
high as 375 hectare, such as Mangghan,
Rosario, Ugong and Manggahan.
Redefining Barangay boundaries could
improve governance and implementation of
programs and projects. Small barangays
are expensive to manage and maintain on
the part of the city government. On the
part of these barangay units, standing on
its size and small income could hardly allow
them to decentralize from the city 2.
government. On the other hand, large
barangays experience breakdown in
services such as infrastructure, livelihood
and management services.
Another issue is the present boundaries by
which barangays are defined. Most of the
barangays are defined by arbitrary lines
and not by natural boundaries which lead to
various conflicts between adjacent
barangay units.
As an initial input to the study, the
following Barangay units could
integrate:
a) Sta. Rosa and Sumilang
b) Barangya Katipunan, San Jose
and portion of Bambang
c) San Nicolas, Sta. Cruz, and
portion of Sto. Tomas
d) Sagad and portion of San Miguel
Solid Waste Disposal
Sooner or later, every LGU in Metro
Manila will have to face its own disposal
problem, independent of the Metro
Manila Development Authority. By
recent development viz a viz, the non-
availability of dumping site, the city
government should make a through
study on the proper method and
technology in garbage disposal
applicable to the city, taking into
 considerations the constraints/provision of
existing laws, the environmental cost of
maintenance, economic use, and financial
capability of the LGU. Studies should also
focus on joint operation with other willing
local government units.
Consideration of Solid Waste
Management Act (R.A. 9003) shall be taken
particularly with regards to provision of
other solid waste reduction facilities.
3. Rainforest Extensions/Expansion
Studies can be made the feasibility of
extending the rainforest by creeps of linear
pocket parks towards residential areas,
especially those that are densely populated.
Studies could include the possibility of
accessing the Central Park via creeping
pocket parks by foot or by bicycles.
For access and expansion, the Rainforest
could make use of several surrounding
creeks that mostly lead to populated areas.
4. Another Public market, via a viz, the
Rosario Talipapa.
At present, sthe residents of District
II, are being served by a privately
owned talipapa located at the corner of
Ortigas Avenue and Dr. Sixto Antonio
Avenue in a highly congested area of
Barangay Rosario.
The present location of this talipapa
poses a threat to the safety and
convenience of market patrons,
pedestrians, motorist and the ambulant
vendors who already occupy portions of
the street in the course of their
peddling. The talipapa which occupies
a small area squeezed by commercial
buildings contribute largely to the
congestion at the Ortigas intersection
and to the environmental degradation
of Barangay Rosario.
A study on the development of a new
public market to serve residents of the
District II should consider the closure of
this talipapa and transfer all its market
 activities to the proposed public market. Through the years, it may seem to have
The present Mutya ng Pasig Market at the lost its high commercial value that
Caruncho Complex badly needs to be initially merited a revolving restaurant
decongested. Mere expansion of the public due to the prevailing environment.
market in its present site may not be Nevertheless, this edifice towering over
enough to serve its expanding clientele the immediate surrounding could be
which comes not only from within Pasig but used appropriately for other
also from the neighboring towns of Tagig, developmental purposes that could
Pateros and the Rizal Province, considering complement the character of the
the capacity of the existing facilities to environment, that could earn Pasig a
absorb development expansion. The distinction of some sort, possibly in
proposed public market would decongest support of tourism or cultural
the existing public market in terms of development of the city.
clientele/patrons, ambulant vendors and
overcrowded stalls and eventually improve
its operation and maintenance. G. PROPOSED SUPPORT
PROGRAMS
5. Revolving Tower
1. Secondary Road Improvement
Without the revolving tower restaurant on Program
the topmost (12th) floor, it is believed that
this building has lost its landmark interest This concern improvement of
and may have been used in appropriately secondary roads especially where
not because of management lapses but due commercial establishments are
to high cost maintenance. located, which are jeepney routes,
the purpose of which is to reduce
traffic, effect a free flow of
 pedestrian movement and for
beautification purposes. Such secondary
roads are Dr. Sixto Antonio Avenue,
Amang Rodrgiguez Avenue and C.
Raymundo Avenue. The program shall
define;
ii) specific guidelines and regulations for
development
iii) greening development/
iv)bus/jeepneys stop
v) pedestrian facilities, such as sidewalk and
waiting shed
vi)road surfacing and expansion
vii) traffic signs, markers, signals
viii) building design guidelines
ix)signage design
2. Population Program
Although the main objective of the
program is to reduce growth rate, it should
not only concentrate on population control,
but also in assisting the population in
accessing and in participating in governments
program and services. More importantly,
however is concentration on reproductive
health and checking migration to which
the increase in the population of Pasig is
attributed.
3. Tourism Program
This program should come up with an inventory of tourist
potentials and spot and adopt measures to increase the tourist
interest of the city.
The program should involve among others.
a) Restoration of existing historical landmarks.
b) Identification of new/potential tourist sites
c) Development of tourism related livelihood
projects
d) Intensive beautification campaign and activities
e) Development of a center for cultural activities and
presentation.
4. Cooperative Development Program
The program should lead to
establishment of multipurpose
cooperatives in every barangay and
eventually, establishment of
cooperative communities. It is
expected cooperative communities
could assist the local government
 unit in the development and
implementation of programs and
projects, particularly those related solid
waste and housing.

FIVE YEAR INVESTMENT PROGRAM

2002-2007

PROJECT SOURC IMPLEMENTI ESTIMATE

S E OF NG D
FUND AGENCY YEAR
1.
Construct
ion of
bridge