Tenses and Expressions

WPU ‘08
 TENSES

1. Simple Present

 Simple Present digunakan dalam kalimat yang menyatakan kegiatan

yang berulang atau kebiasaan.

Formulas:
(+) S + V1 (they, we, I, you)
S + V-s/es (he, she, it)
Examples:
1. I play tennis twice a week.
2. Ronny studies hard everyday.
3. My father reads newspaper in the morning.

(-) S + do not + V1 (they, we, I, you)

S + does not + V1 (he, she, it)
Examples:
1. I do not play tennis twice a week.
2. Ronny does not study hard everyday.
3. My father does not read newspaper in the morning.

(?) Do + S + V1 +? (they, we, I, you)

Does + S + V1 +? (he, she, it)
Examples:
1. Do I play tennis twice a week?
2. Does Ronny study hard everyday?
3. Does my father read newspaper in the morning?

2. Present Continuous

 Present Continuous digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang

sedang dilakukan sekarang.

Formulas:
(+) S + to be (is/am/are) + V-ing
Examples:
1. I am playing tennis with my friend.
2. She is studying hard for the final exam.
3. They are cleaning the classroom.

(-) S + to be (is/am/are) + not + V-ing

Examples:
1. I am not playing tennis with my friend.
2. She is not studying hard for the final exam.
3. They are not cleaning the classroom.

(?) To be (is/am/are) + S + V-ing +?

Examples:
1. Am I playing tennis with my friend?
2. Is she studying hard for the final exam?
3. Are they cleaning the classroom?

3. Present Perfect

 Present Perfect dipakai pada kalimat yang menyatakan bahwa suatu

kegiatan telah selesai dilakukan.

Formulas:
(+) S + has/have + V3
Examples:
1. I have played tennis with my friend.
2. She has studied hard for the exam.
3. They have cleaned the classroom.

(-) S + has/have + not + V3

Examples:
1. I have not played tennis with my friend.
2. She has not studied hard for the exam.
3. They have not cleaned the classroom.

(?) Has/have + S + V3 +?
Examples:
1. Have I played tennis with my friend?
2. Has she studied hard for the exam?
3. Have they cleaned the classroom?

4. Present Perfect Continuous

 Present Perfect Continuous digunakan dalm kalimat yang menyatakan

bahwa suatu kegiatan telah selesai dilakukan dan masih berlangsung
sampai sekarang

Formulas:
(+) S + has/have + been + V-ing
Examples:
1. I have been playing tennis since 2000.
2. She has been teaching English for 13 years.
3. They have been living in Lampung since 1989.
(-) S + has/have + not + been + V-ing
Examples:
1. I have not been playing tennis since 2000.
2. She has not been teaching English for 13 years.
3. They have not been living in Lampung since 1989.

(?) Has/have + S + been + V-ing +?

Examples:
1. Have I been playing tennis since 2000?
2. Has she been teaching English for 13 years?
3. Have they been living in Lampung since 1989?

5. Simple Past

 Simple Past digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang telah lampau

Formulas:
(+) S + V2
Examples:
1. I played tennis with my friend yesterday.
2. She studied hard for the final exam.
3. They cleaned the classroom.

(-) S + did + not + V1

Examples:
1. I did not play tennis with my friend yesterday.
2. She did not study hard for the final exam.
3. They did not clean the classroom.

(?) Did + S + V1 +?
Examples:
1. Did I play tennis with my friend yesterday?
2. Did she study hard for the final exam?
3. Did they clean the classroom?

6. Past Continuous

 Past Continuous dipakai dalam kalimat yang menyatakan suatu

kegiatan di waktu lampau yang terjadi bersamaan dengan suatu
kegiatan lain

Formulas:
(+) S + was/were + V-ing + (when + simple past)
Examples:
1. We were watching TV when he came.
2. She was reading a book when I called her.
3. I was studying when my father knocked the door.

(-) S + was/were + not + V-ing + (when + simple past)

Examples:
1. We were not watching TV when he came.
2. She was not reading a book when I called her.
3. I was not studying when my father knocked the door.

(?) Was/were + S + V-ing + (when + simple past) +?

Examples:
1. Were we watching TV when he came?
2. Was she reading a book when I called her?
3. Was I studying when my father knocked the door?

7. Past Perfect

 Past Perfect digunakan pada kalimat yang menyatakan suatu

kegiatan yang sudah selesai dilakukan di masa lampau.

Formulas:
(+) S + had + V3
Examples:
1. He had taken a bath when I arrived.
2. They had cleaned the classroom.
3. She had cooked for dinner.

(-) S + had + not + V3

Examples:
1. He had not taken a bath when I arrived.
2. They had not cleaned the classroom.
3. She had not cooked for dinner.

(?) Had + S + V3 +?
Examples:
1. Had he taken a bath when I arrived?
2. Had they cleaned the classroom?
3. Had she cooked for dinner?

8. Past Perfect Continuous

 Past Perfect Continuous digunakan pada kalimat yang sudah selesai

dilakukan dan masih berlangsung di waktu lampau.
Formulas:
(+) S + had + been + V-ing
Examples:
1. They had been studying for an hour when I came.
2. She had been reading for a while when I called her.
3. He had been talking for an hour when he got thirsty.

(-) S + had + not + been + V-ing

Examples:
1. They had not been studying for an hour when I came.
2. She had not been reading for a while when I called her.
3. He had not been talking for an hour when he got thirsty.

(?) Had + S + been + V-ing +?

Examples:
1. Had they been studying for an hour when I came?
2. Had she been reading for a while when I called her?
3. Had he been talking for an hour when he got thirsty?

9. Present Future

 Present Future digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang

akan terjadi

Formulas:
(+) S + will + V1
Examples:
1. I will go to Jakarta tomorrow.
2. She will leave Indonesia to follow her husband.
3. They will join the family planning program.

(-) S + will + not + V1

Examples:
1. I will not go to Jakarta tomorrow.
2. She will not leave Indonesia to follow her husband.
3. They will not join the family planning program.

(?) Will + S + V1 +?
Examples:
1. Will I go to Jakarta tomorrow?
2. Will she leave Indonesia to follow her husband?
3. Will they join the family planning program?
10. Present Future Continuous

 Present Future Continuous digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu

kegiatan/ hal yang pasti terjadi di masa depan.

Formulas:
(+) S + will + be + V-ing
Examples:
1. I will be living with my grandma next year.
2. She will be studying English when she gets home.
3. They will be talking about their problem to their parents.

(-) S + will + not + be + V-ing

Examples:
1. I will not be living with my grandma next year.
2. She will not be studying English when she gets home.
3. They will not be talking about their problem to their parents.

(?) Will + S + be + V-ing +?

Examples:
1. Will I be living with my grandma next year?
2. Will she be studying English when she gets home?
3. Will they be talking about their problem to their parents?

11. Present Future Perfect

 Present Future Perfect digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan

yang akan selesai di masa depan.

Formulas:
(+) S + will + have + V3
Examples:
1. She will have read that novel tomorrow.
2. I will have done my homework next week.
3. We will have gone to USA next year.

(-) S + will + not + have + V3

Examples:
1. She will not have read that novel tomorrow.
2. I will not have done my homework next week.
3. We will not have gone to USA next year.

(?) Will + S + have + V3 +?

Examples:
1. Will she have read that novel tomorrow?
2. Will I have done my homework next week?
3. Will we have gone to USA next year?

12. Present Future Perfect Continuous

 Present Future Perfect Continuous digunakan untuk menyatakan

suatu kegiatan di masa depan yang berlangsung untuk waktu yang
lama.

Formulas:
(+) S + will + have + been + V-ing
Examples:
1. She will have been studying English.
2. I will have been washing the dishes.
3. Mark will have been listening to music.

(-) S + will + have + not + been + V-ing

Examples:
1. She will have not been studying English.
2. I will have not been washing the dishes.
3. Mark will have not been listening to music.

(?) Will + S + have + been + V-ing +?

Examples:
1. Will she have been studying English?
2. Will I have been washing the dishes?
3. Will Mark have been listening to music?

13. Past Future

 Past Future digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang akan

terjadi di masa lampau.

Formulas:
(+) S + would + V1
Examples:
1. I would do my homework.
2. She would cook for dinner.
3. They would arrive at noon.

(-) S + would + not + V1

Examples:
1. I would not do my homework.
2. She would not cook for dinner.
3. They would not arrive at noon.
(?) Would + S + V1 +?
Examples:
1. Would I do my homework?
2. Would she cook for dinner?
3. Would they arrive at noon?

14. Past Future Continuous

 Past Future Continuous digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan

yang masih akan terjadi di waktu lampau.

Formulas:
(+) S + would + be + V-ing
Examples:
1. She would be reading the novel.
2. I would be sitting in front of TV.
3. You would be playing tennis with your friend.

(-) S + would + not + be + V-ing

Examples:
1. She would not be reading the novel.
2. I would not be sitting in front of TV.
3. You would not be playing tennis with your friend.

(?) Would + S + be + V-ing +?

Examples:
1. Would she be reading the novel?
2. Would I be sitting in front of TV?
3. Would you be playing tennis with your friend?

15. Past Future Perfect

 Past Future Perfect digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan

yang sudah akan terjadi di masa lampau.

Formulas:
(+) S + would + have + V3
Examples:
1. He would have gone to Australia.
2. I would have done my homework.
3. We would have come to the party.
(-) S + would + not + have + V3
Examples:
1. He would not have gone to Australia.
2. I would not have done my homework.
3. We would not have come to the party.

(?) Would + S + have + V3 +?

Examples:
1. Would he have gone to Australia?
2. Would I have done my homework?
3. Would we have come to the party?

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous

 Past Future Perfect Continuous digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu

kegiatan yang sudah akan dan masih terjadi di masa lampau.

Formulas:
(+) S + would + have + been + V-ing
Examples:
1. She would have been reading the announcement.
2. He would have been eating his breakfast.
3. You would have been writing a letter.

(-) S + would + have + not + been + V-ing

Examples:
1. She would have not been reading the announcement.
2. He would have not been eating his breakfast.
3. You would have not been writing a letter.

(?) Would + S + have + been + V-ing +?

Examples:
1. Would she have been reading the announcement?
2. Would he have been eating his breakfast?
3. Would you have been writing a letter?
 EXPRESSIONS

1. Self Introduction (perkenalan diri)

Self Introductions Responses

 Hello, I’m …?  How do you do? I’m …
 What is your name?  My name is …
 May I introduce myself? My name’s  Pleased to meet you. I’m
…. ….
 I don’t think we have met before.  Nice to meet you. I’m ….
I’m ….  I’m …
 Hi! I’m …, and you?

2. Sympathy (simpati)

Statement
 My brother got a car accident.
Responses
 Oh dear!
 Oh, my God!
 It must have been terrible!
 Oh, that’s horrible!
 I know exactly how you feel!
 I’m terribly sorry!
 I’m sorry to hear that!

3. Advice or Suggestion (nasihat/saran)

Advices/suggestions Responses
 You had better be here on time  You’re right
ought to  Do you really think so?
could  I agree
should  That’s a good idea
 I know

 I suggest that you don’t leave you  Thanks for the suggestion
son alone.
 I strongly advise you to be here on  Thanks for the advice
time

4. Obligation and Necessity (keharusan dan keperluan)

Statements Must = harus

 You must be home for dinner.
 I have to be home for dinner.
 I have a toothache. I must see the Have to = harus
dentist. Don’t have to = tidak harus
 You must not get up from bed! Need not = tidak perlu
 I don’t have to get up early.
 She need not sweep the floor.

5. Like/ dislike (suka/ tidak suka)

Questions about like/dislike Responses

 Do you like …?
 What do you like … or …?
 Do you dislike …?
 What don’t you like … or …?
 Don’t you like …?
 What are keen on … or …?
 I like/ dislike/ hate …
 I really enjoy …
 I can’t stand …
 I don’t like the way …
 I love …
 I’m very keen on …

6. Pride (rasa bangga)

Expressions
 I’m very proud of you.
 I’m very proud of ….
 I feel proud of my mother.
 I feel proud of ….
 I proud to have a friend like you.
 I proud to ….
 My pride of my culture inspires me
 My pride of … inspires me
to write a book.
to ….

7. Ability/ disability (mampu/ tidak mampu)

 Yes, I can.
 Can you …?  No, I can’t.
 Could you …? (past form)  I am not able to do that.
 She is able to do that

8. Apology (permintaan maaf)


 Forgive me. I’m terribly sorry
(about) …
 Please accept my apology for
….
 I (would like to) apologize for
….
 I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to ….
 Sorry.
9. Offering helps (menawarkan jasa/ bantuan)
 Can I help you?
 Shall I open the door for you?
 Let me carry it for you?
 Can I help you carry the …?
 May I help you, miss?
 What can I do for you, sir?
 Would you like me to carry it, Mam?
10. Invitation (undangan)
Invitations
 How about + V-ing +? (untuk
mengundang teman melakukan
kegiatan bersama)
How about playing golf?
 I would like to invite you ….
 Please come to my party.
11. Giving/ refusing permission (memberi/ menolak ijin)
Forgiving (memaafkan)
 That’s all right.
 I accept your apologize.
 You don’t need to apologize.
 That’s all right. It can happen
to anyone.
 It’s OK.
 Don’t worry about it.
 No problem. Forget it.
 Not at all.
Refusing (menolak)
 Are you really sorry?
 I don’t believe you’re sorry.
 You’re not really sorry.
 Don’t say you’re sorry.
 I’m tired of hearing that.
Accepting (menerima)
 Yes, please.
 Thanks a lot.
 Yes, I am.
 That’s very kind of you.
Refusing (menolak)
 No, thanks.
 No, thank you.
 Thanks anyway, but …
Responses
 Playing golf that’s great!
 All right!
 OK. It’s nice
 Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t.
 Thanks, but I have another
appointment.
 Granting (mengabulkan)
 Sure, please do.
 Yes of course.
 Can I use your pencil?
 Certainly.
 Could I borrow your pen?
 By all means.
 May I go out for a moment?
 Not at all
 Do you mind if I borrow it?
Refusing (menolak)
 Is it OK if …?
 I’m afraid not.
 Please let me …
 I’m afraid you can’t.
 Permit me to …
 Sorry, but I need it.
 Sorry, but I using it.
 Oh, please don’t.

12. Favorites (Kesenangan)

Questions Responses
 What is your favorite …?  It is ….
 I like … very much.
 … is my favorite ….
 Do you like …?  Yes, I do. It’s enjoyable.
 No, I don’t. It’s boring.

13. Agree/ disagree (setuju/ tidak setuju)

Agreeing (setuju)
 I agree.
 That’s for sure.
 Don’t you/ do you agree to  Fine/OK with me.
(that) …?  Certainly.
 Are in agreement with …?  It’s a deal.
 That’s …, aha? Disagreement (tidak setuju)
 His …, isn’t he?  I disagree/ I don’t agree.
 Do we have a deal?  I don’t think so.
 I refuse.
 No way.
 No deal.

14. Satisfy/ dissatisfy (puas/ tidak puas)

 It was great!
 How about the party last night?  I’m satisfied.
 Are you satisfied with the  I liked it very much!
service?  I didn’t enjoy ….
 How do you find the book?  It was boring.
 I was extremely disappointed
15. Surprise or Amazement (terkejut/ kagum)

Expressing surprise /amazement Asking bout surprise/amazement

 Huh? What?  Are you surprised/amazed?
 Oh! Wow!  Does that surprise you?
 What a surprise!  Is this a surprise/amazing?
 Incredible!  What’s so surprising?
 That’s unbelievable!  Isn’t this incredible?
 Amazing!  Can you believe it?
 I’m really surprise/amazed at
….
 It was beyond believed!