ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

Instructor: Architect Abelardo Firmeza FORMAT OF DESIGN EXAM

1. 20”x30” tracing paper – provided by PRC
COURSE OUTLINE 2. Black ink – final drawings is in black ink
1. Introduction 3. Pencil – for enhancing and construction line (staedler
2. Architectural Design Theory pencils)
3. Esquisse 4. College major plate type drawings
4. Building Economics - schematic
5. Building Utilities - no dimensions
6. Approaches and Strategies - no “call-outs” such as specifications
7. Simulated Board Exam - “fully rendered” in the used pencil
shadows but not colored
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN - material must be drawn in full
- it is the translation of an abstract solution to - “no columns” unless it is part of design
a real, tangible and concrete solution - “furniture layouts” defending on layout and
- it is the optimum and better solution which must instructions
approximate the pre-set solution of the examiner - entourage and landscape are allowed but
- it must involve the judicious use of design tools in not colored
developing the solution within:
a. parameters / constraints RULES
b. circumstances 1. Individual drawing implements and drawing boards
c. environmental conditions - triangles
: must be conserve - compass
: must be protected - pencils
: must be included in the design solution - magic, masking, scotch tapes
- rubber band
- set by the examiner. The solution must be: SAFE - drawing board with straight edge
- erasing shield
Simple – provide what is needed or simply follow - scissors
instruction - protractors
Appropriate – must fit on concept - french curve
Functional – look-out for specific use of the - 2 sets of sign pens varying in points
building - circular template
Economical - optional coloring materials
- cutters
- ballpens
- erasers (different types)
- liquid paper
 - scale
- watch
2. PRC will provide tracing paper with official seal
3. Drawing Grids
- preset grids, but to be shown to the proctor
4. Not allowed!
- no color
- no people or human figures
- no vehicles even triangle representation on plans Notes:
- no electronic equipment Acconometric Drawing
- no scientific or programmable calculators, only - another type of aerial perspective
simple scientific calculator is allowed Berthing
- no references - term for parking at water

TOOLS FORMAT OF THE QUESTIONAIRE

1. Drawing implements 1. Title
2. Codes “Building Codes” 2. Background or description of the problem
3. Building Standards 3. Requirements
4. Vocabulary a. Plate requirements – specify needed rooms or
spaces
ARCHITECTURAL CONVENTION b. Drawing requirements – specify scale, needed
1. Lettering drawings, etc
-simple gothic, upright and all caps Notes:
-text : 4mm in height • Marina
-title : 8-10mm - luxurious facilities for water vessels
-sub-titles : 6-8mm - yatch
2. Lines - fine dining : luxurious eating place
-construction lines or guide lines • Condominium
-final lines - high-rise residential buildings
-dimension lines - luxurious
-masculine/feminine lines - with elevators to make it more luxurious than townhouse
3. “Each” drawing must have title and scale and - can be bought but original lot remains to the owner
north orientation • Townhouse
-orientation must always upward ! on site - can be bought
development plan - horizontal residential structures
-on plans refer to main entrance of structures - can be leased (long term)
• Apartment
- not more than 10 units
 - rented (short term payment) - compose of common center area such as plaza
- usually two storey and for rent • The TIANGGE a flea market
Rowhouse - flea : “surot”
- can accommodate a full length of block - baratillo
• Tenements - huge number of stalls that is detachable
- an apartment that is not more than 4 storeys
Apartelle Notes:
- fully furnish with equipments (such as food, beds) • Assume 1-1/2 hours to finish every sheet
while apartment will be provided by the tenants • Consider facing
Condotelle
- rented by other person to the owner of the room
wherein the owner of the room rented it to the
owner of building
• Hotel
- rented area provided with room and comfort room
and other facilities will be common areas
• Motel
- rented area with room, comfort room and “garage”
(motorist hotel) a. reading and understanding (3 hours)
• Garage b. preliminary drawings (2hours)
- enclosed with walls, roof and door and facilities for c. final drawings
repairs
• Carport THINGS TO BE AWARE IN DESIGNING
- with roof and columns 1. vocabulary
• Parking Slot 2. building code
- compose of lines and has no enclosure at all 3. presentation
4. requirements
EXAMPLES OF TITLES ANALYSIS 5. common sense
• The OASIS a resort
- a mirage : an illusion of water in the desert Notes:
- located in the desert; a body of water located in • Stairs cutting line
the desert -7th and 8th steps
- leisure activities
- having a main focus of “water element” it can be
water fountain
• The HAMLET a townhouse
- hamlet : a small French village
- having no huge elements such as columns
THINGS TO DO IN PREPARATION FOR DESIGN 7. Education : masculine; formal
EXAM
1. practice – drafting technique UNITY
2. multiple deadline – time management - creating unified site development plan
3. composition 1. Central Theme
- sheets must be clean - creating a motif
- clear, use acceptable architectural symbols 2. Major component of buildings must dominate
and architectural conventions - exceptional size
- respect margins - strategic location
- unique shape
PRINCIPLES OF COMPOSITION 3. compact and coherent unit
- orientation marker, ex. sculpture
- inward orientation
Dimension Contrast Variety
Proportion Measurements
4. Harmony in materials, styles, design,
Scale Fixed Proportions etc.
Equilibrium Balance Gravitation
a. Formal balance CHARACTER
b. Informal balance - manifested external expression of
Physical Rhythm Movement internal qualities
Manifestation Unity Order / Harmony
Character Expression a. function – use of the building
b. association – influence of traditional
CONTRAST OF LINES types
• Masculine Lines – bold, dark, straight, c. personality – character of occupants or
strong lines human quality
• Feminine Lines – soft, fragile, thin, curve
lines ANALYZING THE DESIGN PROBLEM
• read – understand
1. Residential : feminine; informal a. title
2. Institutional b. description or background
a. government buildings : masculine; formal c. requirements
b. health care : masculine; formal - plate
3. Industrial : masculine; formal - drawing
4. Commercial : feminine; informal
• familiarize with the site
5. Recreational
a. simply given
a. active : masculine; formal
b. derivation / computation
b. passive : feminine: informal
- closing the traverse (protractor and calculator)
6. Religious : masculine; formal
 - textual
SA = FA - common area (35%)
• plate requirements / components
• code requirements
• determine the area of the lot - BP 344 (accessibility law)
a. formula a. site development
- regular shapes - parking allocation (for disabled
- irregular shapes - curb-cut-outs
b. “dot-grid method ” - ramps
- approximate area all dots (1:12)
included in the site will be
multiplied to the reference
area of the square
c. planimeter
- use in computing the lot

d. road runner b. s
- used in computing the length of the road tructur e
• determine the buildable area (BA) -
comfort room
buildable area = lot area – open space - corridor (1.50 meters)
70% 30% - stairs
open spaces - fire exits
1. set backs – type of lots page 231 - ventilation
2. private yards (front, side, rear) page 227 • heights
3. road abutments page 228 a. naturally ventilated
4. height of buildings page 234 b. artificially ventilated
5. private open space page 226 - 1 storey
6. natural open spaces - 2 to 4 storeys
a. rivers 5.00m - 5 to infinity
b. creek 3.00m storeys (high-rise)
c. sea/beach front 50.00m • structure
d. pasig river 10.00m a. superstructure
• determine the floor area (FA) b. substructure
- in every five floors correspond to one
FA = BA x No. of storeys basement
• saleable area (SA)
COST ESTIMATE “BULDING ECONOMICS” direct cost = A
• levels 3. equipment 20% of A
S – budgetary estimate 4. margin of profit 30% of A
(floor area x cost parameter) 5. overhead 15% of A
D – detailed estimate (ballpen, bond papers, gas, secretary, etc.)
(floor area: specific x cost parameter)
6. contingency 10-15% of A
C – bill of materials
(allowance, wastage) : paid by
(materials x cost)
contractor
C – bid estimate
(bill of materials x margin of profit)
• cost parameter/ sqm 7. bonds and insurances
1 storey: low cost P1.00 – P5,000.00 10-30% of A
2-4 storeys: mid cost P5,001.00 – P12,000.00 8. miscellaneous
5-infinity: high-rise P12,001.00 – infinity 15-20% of A
basement (1.2%) = next level construction cost + AE =
project cost

UTILITIES
1. water supply
2. waste water
3. sewage
4. electricity
• components of the estimate 5. lighting
a. land development cost 25% (P500/sqm) 6. mechanical
1. earth development 7. intelligent system
2. roads and access ways • locations of utilities is outside
3. utilities (civil works) a. utility company
4. landscaping b. users
5. furnishings c. “intermediary
b. structure 75% treatment”
1. structural 25% of the cost
2. utilities 15-30% of the cost • horizontal
3. architectural 45-60% of the cost

BILL OF MATERIALS
1. materials x
2. labor 35-
40% of x
 45 meters: maximum
length of corridor
Note:
Utilities GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS
• step-down transformer : 220V to 110V - basically linear and
rectangular in plan
• step-up transformer : 110V to 220V
1. formal (masculine)
• water tanks
2. multi-storey
3. linear development
4. flag pole / assembly area

HOSPITAL
1. users
a. patients
b. medical practioner
c. visitors
2. activities
RESIDENTIALS
- (informal) feminine
1. multi-storey : 4 storey and below
2. multi-family
3. utilities are shared or common areas
4. orientation:
work – west
rest – east

5. clusters
 RECREATIONAL
• gyms
3. high rise 1. users
a. players playcourts
b. officials rooms
c. spectators bleachers
2. playcourts

3.
unobstructed view
- less column with the gym
4. separate out-patient
• track oval
1. track and field
2. track and soccer

• swimming pool
5. philippine heart center , example
and diving pool
 - concessions : barbershop, boutiques, etc
• bowling 3. magnet nodes
- usually synthetic wood was used nowadays

4. parking
5. theme activities

• golf ECUMENICAL
1. 18 holes – done by landscape architect 1. all religion
2. clubhouse – usually two storeys and placed on - no symbols of particular religion
the middle 2. celebrant’s place (altar)
a. first floor - congregation
- dirty area
- caddy
- clean-up
b. second floor
EDUCATION
- function room
1. classroom
- fine dining
2. 1 teacher = 40-50 students
- boutiques
(1 sqm/person + circulation )
- pro-shop
3. standard module 7m x 9m
4. flagpole / quadrangle
5. laboratories / libraries / admin / pe
• resort
6. parking
1. feature
7. canteen
2. amenities
3. operation system
TERMINALS
COMMERCIAL
international domestic
1. one-stop-shop
- all ages accommodated Sea Ok : cargo Ok
2. flagship store Land X Ok
- usually department store
Air Ok Ok 1. ilocos : bahay na bato
2. mountain province : ifugao house
 domestic 3. batanes : ibatan house
a. lounge, passenger
b. offices
c. reception
d. hygiene facilities
 international
a. lounge, passenger
b. offices
c. recep
tion
d. hygie
ne

facilities
e. customs
f. immigration
 separate people and good
 separate in and out

EXAMPLE DESIGN PROBLEM

- government building
-formal / male
-rectangular / linear (45 meter)
-multi-storey
-flagpole / assembly
• 3 branches of government
-executive : major
-legislative : vice major
-judiciary : judge
• north (type of government)