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Practice Problems Chapter 6 and 7 I. Laplace Transform: F T T U T
Practice Problems Chapter 6 and 7 I. Laplace Transform: F T T U T
I. Laplace Transform
(b) f t =cos2 3 t
(e) f t =t 2 u 3 t
(f) f t = { 1,
2
if
t −4t 4, if
0≤t2,
t≥2
(g) {
f t = t , if
5, if
0≤t 3,
t ≥3
{
0, if t ,
(h) f t = t− , if ≤t2
0, if t≥2
(i) f t = {
cos t , if
0, if
t4,
t≥4
(j) f t = {
t , if
t
e , if
0≤t 1,
t ≥1
1
(a) F s=
s1 s2 −1
2 s3
(b) F s= 2
s 4 s13
e−3s
(c) F s=
s−2
1e−2 s
(d) F s= 2
s 6
1−e−2 s
3. The transform of the solution to a certain differential equation is given by X s= .
s 21
Determine the solution x(t) of the differential equation.
4. Suppose that the function y t satisfies the DE y ' ' −2 y ' − y=1, with initial values,
y 0=−1, y ' 0=1. Find the Laplace transform of y t
5. Consider the following IVP: y ' ' −3 y '−10 y=1, y 0=−1, y ' 0=2
(a) Find the Laplace transform of the solution y(t).
(b) Find the solution y(t) by inverting the transform.
6. Consider the following IVP: y ' ' 4 y=4 u 5 t , y 0=0, y ' 0=1
(a) Find the Laplace transform of the solution y(t).
(b) Find the solution y(t) by inverting the transform.
7. A mass m =1 is attached to a spring with constant k =5 and damping constant c = 2. At the instant t=
the mass is struck with a hammer, providing an impulse p = 10. Also, x 0 =0 and x'(0)=0.
a) Write the differential equation governing the motion of the mass.
b) Find the Laplace transform of the solution x(t).
c) Apply the inverse Laplace transform to find the solution.
2. Given the system x ' =t x− ye t z , y '=2 xt 2 y− z , z ' =e−t 3 t yt 3 z , define x, P(t) and
f t such that the system is represented as x ' =Pt xf t
3. Consider the second order initial value problem: u ' '2u '2u=3sin t , u0=2,u ' 0=−1
Change the IVP into a first-order initial value system and write the resulting system in matrix form.
1
and x 2 =e
−2t 1
0
(a) Use the Wronskian to verify that the two solutions are linearly independent.
x 1 t −2 1 0
t −2t −t
7. Suppose the system x ' =A x has the general solution x t = x 2 t =c 1 e 1 c 2 e 0 c 3 e 1
x 3 t 0 1 1
1
Given the initial condition x 0= 1 , find
−1
x1 t , x 2 t and x3 t .
10. Suppose that A is a real 3×3 matrix that has the following eigenvalues and eigenvectors
1
−2 , 1 , 1i ,
1
1−i
2 , 1−i , 2
1
1i
1
Find a fundamental set of real valued solutions to the system x ' =A x.
11. Solve the initial value problem x1 ' = x 1−2 x 2, x 2 ' =2 x 1 x 2, x 1 0=0, x 2 0=4 using the
eigenvalue method. Express the solution in terms of real functions only (no complex functions).
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE PROBLEMS CHAPTER 6 AND 7
I. Laplace Transform
1. (a) Using the double angle trigonometric identity, the function f t can be rewritten as
1 2
f t = sin 4t . Thus L { f t }= s 16 2
2
(b) Using the half angle trigonometric identity, the function f t can be rewritten as
1
f t = 1cos6t . Thus L { f t }=
2
1 1
2
2 s s 36
s
3
(c) Using the property L {t f t }=−F ' s with F s=L {e 2t sin 3t }= yields
s−22 9
6 s−2
L {t e 2 t sin 3 t }= 2
s−229
(d) f t =[t−710]u 7 t . Thus L { f t }=e−7 s L {t10}=e−7 s
1 10
s2 s
(e) L { f t }=e−3 s L {t3 2 }=e−3 s L {t 2 6t9}=e−3 s
2 6 9
s 3 s2 s
(f) f t =1u 2 t t 2−4 t3=1u 2 t [ t−22 −1 ]
1 −2 s 2
Thus L { f t }= e L {t −1}= e
s
1 −2 s 2 1
s
−
s3 s
(g) f t =t −u3 t t −5=t−u 3 t [t−3−2]. Thus
L { f t }=
1
s 2 −e
−3 s 1 1 2
L{t −2}= 2 −e−3s 2 −
s s s
(h) f t =u t t−−u 2 t t−=u t t −−u 2 t t −2
e− s
− s
Thus L { f t }=e L {t }−e
−2 s
L {t}= 2 −e−2 s 2
s
1
s s
(i) f t =cos t −u 4 t cos t =cost −u 4 t cos t−4 Thus
s s s
L { f t }= 2 2 −e−4 s L{cos t }= 2 2 −e−4 s 2 2
s s s
(j) f t =t u1 t [e t −t ]=tu 1 t [e t −11 −t −1−1] Thus
1
L { f t }= 2 e−s L {e t1−t−1}= 2 e−s
s
1
s e 1 1
− 2−
s−1 s s
2.
1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) Using PFD, F s=− − . Thus f t =− 1 e−t − 1 t e−t 1 e t
4 s1 2 s1 4 s−1
2
4 2 4
2 s3 2 s2−1 2 s2 1 3
(b) F(s) can be rewritten as F s= = = − .
s2 9 s2 9 s2 9 3 s229
2 2 2
Thus 1
f t =e−2 t 2cos 3t − sin 3t
3
(c) The inverse Laplace is u 3 t f t−3 where f t =L
−1
{ }
1
s−2
=e 2t .
{ }
−3 s
e
Thus L−1 =u 3 t e 2 t−3
s−2
1 6 e−2 s 6 −1 1 1
(d) F s= 2
2 thus L { F s }= sin 6 t u 2 t sin 6 t −2
6 s 6 6 s 6 6 6
3. 1−u 2 t sin t
−s3 1
4. Y s = 2
2
s −2 s−1 s s −2 s−1
1 1 1 1 13
5. (a) Y s = − . (b) y t =− e 5t − e−2t
s s−5 s2 s2 10 35 14
6. (a) Y s = 2
1
s 4
1
e−5 s − 2
s
s s 4
.
(b)
1
y t = sin2 t u5 t [1−cos 2t −10]
2
10 e− s 2
7. (a) x ' '2 x '5 x=10 t− (b) X s= 2
=5e− s
s 2 s5 s12 4
(c) x t =5u t e−t − sin 2 t −=5 u t e−t sin 2t
1. Differentiating the given x yields x ' =e t 1 2e t 2 t e t 1 =
0 1
3e t 2 t e t
2e t 2 t e t
Substituting x into the right hand side of the DE yields:
t t t t t t t t
x t −1 et 0
2. x= y Pt = 2 t 2 −1 f t = 0
z 0 3 t t3 e−t
3. u' = 0
v'
1 u 0
−2 −2 v 3sin t
u 0
v 0
=
2
−1
1 0 1 0 c 1c 3=0
4. c 1 −1 c 2 1 c 3 1 = 0 yields −c1 c2 c3 =0
1 1 1 0 c1 c 2 c 3=0
c
The only solution is 1 2 3
=c =c =0, thus the vectors are linearly independent.
5. (a) W x 1, x 2 =
e t∣
−2 e t e−2t
0 ∣
=−e−t ≠0 Thus the two solutions are linearly independent and form a
fundamental set.
(b) x t =c 1 e t −2 c 2 e−2t 1
1 0
dQ 1 Q2 Q
=452 −5 1 , Q1 0=100
dt 202.5 t 80
6.
dQ 2 Q Q2
=122.55 1 −6 , Q2 0=50
dt 80 202.5 t
x1 t =6 e t −5 e−2 t
7. x 2 t =−3 e t 4 e−t
x3 t =−5 e−2t 4e−t
8.
x t =−2 e t 1 3 e−2 t 1 =
0 1
−2e t 3e−2t
3e−2t
x t =2 e−t e5 t
9.
y t =−2 e−t 2 e 5t
cos tsin t −cos tsin t
x 2 t =e t 2cos t , x 3 t=e t 2sin t .
cos t sin t
t
x t =−4 e sin 2 t
11.
y t =4 et cos2 t