English for Mechanical Engineering Semester 2

Lesson 1
Company Profile
SNAPSHOT

Answer the following questions:

1. What company do you want to know about?

2. If you want to know more about a company, what informations will you search? List them!
3. Why do you want to know about them?

READING

Caterpillar
About the company

For more than 90 years, Caterpillar Inc. has been making sustainable progress possible and driving
positive change on every continent. Customers turn to Caterpillar to help them develop
infrastructure, energy and natural resource assets.

With 2017 sales and revenues of $45.462 billion, Caterpillar is the world’s leading manufacturer of
construction and mining equipment, diesel and natural gas engines, industrial gas turbines and
diesel-electric locomotives. The company principally operates through its three primary segments -
Construction Industries, Resource Industries and Energy & Transportation - and also provides
financing and related services through its Financial Products segment.

Who We Are

Caterpillar is the world’s leading manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, diesel and
natural gas engines, industrial gas turbines and diesel-electric locomotives. We are a leader and
proudly have the largest global presence in the industries we serve. Learn more about our Strategy,
Governance, History and Brands, as well as the values that guide our conduct.

Strategy

Our enterprise strategy focuses on solutions to help our customers build a better world and allows
us to deliver profitable growth for our shareholders.

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With our Values as a foundation, we leverage an information-driven approach — the Operating &
Execution Model — to guide our decision-making process and ultimately, position us for continued
profitable growth. We are committed to understanding the needs of our customers, and together
with our partners, delivering industry-leading products and services that are largely focused in three
areas:

 Building upon our core competencies of operational excellence — safety, quality, Lean and
competitive cost discipline — to increase our advantage.
 Expanding our offerings to enable customer success through integrated and differentiated
solutions.
 Growing our reliance on services with a focus on digital-enabled solutions and aftermarket
to increase customer loyalty and further strengthen our relationships with our customers.

History

The history of Caterpillar is all about doing: creating, building, problem solving, innovating,
testing, servicing and improving. Enjoy the ingenious machines from our rich heritage, and more
importantly, the people who founded and built the company one breakthrough at a time. Beginning
with Benjamin Holt and C. L. Best, the people of Caterpillar have always been – and continue to be
– extraordinary.

Sustainability

 Building A Better World

At Caterpillar, sustainability is our commitment to building a better world. Sustainability is part of

who we are and what we do every single day. We recognize progress involves a balance of
environmental stewardship, social responsibility and economic growth.

We consider this as we work toward a vision of a world in which people’s basic needs – such as
shelter, clean water, education and reliable energy – are fulfilled. We provide work environments,
products, services and solutions that make productive and efficient use of resources as we strive to
achieve our vision. We believe this commitment supports the enduring success of our customers,
stockholders, dealers and our people.

 Vision, Mission, Strategy, & Principles

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Our vision is a world in which all people’s basic needs – such as shelter, clean water, sanitation,
food and reliable power – are fulfilled in an environmentally sustainable way and a company that
improves the quality of the environment and the communities where we live and work.

Our mission is to enable economic growth through infrastructure and energy development, and to
provide solutions that support communities and protect the planet.

Our strategy is to provide work environments, products, services and solutions that make productive
and efficient use of resources as we strive to achieve our vision.

We apply innovation and technology to improve the sustainability performance of Caterpillar’s

products, services, solutions and operations. We believe sustainable progress is made possible by
developing better systems that maximize life cycle benefits, while also minimizing the economic,
social and environmental costs of ownership, as reflected in our sustainability principles.

We will execute our strategy by working to meet our aspirational sustainable development goals.

Innovation

Making Sustainable progress possible is our motto and we make it happen through innovation and
collaboration.

Caterpillar employees have turned their passion for product development into innovations that
create customer value and make the world a better place.

Global Footprint

From Calgary to Cairo and from Sydney to Salt Lake City, Caterpillar operates hundreds of offices
and facilities across the world. Caterpillar's global presence, product breadth and financial strength
enable us to win in today's competitive marketplaces.

Caterpillar Locations Total More Than 500 Worldwide. Caterpillar's global reach and presence is
unmatched in the industry. We serve customers in more than 180 countries around the globe with
more than 300 products. More than half of our sales are outside the United States. Our
manufacturing, marketing, logistics, service, R&D and related facilities along with our dealer
locations total more than 500 locations worldwide, ensuring that we remain geographically close to
our global customer base.

 Asia Pacific

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In response to customer demand and expected industry growth, Caterpillar continues to make
significant investments in the Asia Pacific to increase production of construction machinery.

Caterpillar's presence in the Asia Pacific region includes Australia, China, India, Japan, New
Zealand, South Korea and Southeast Asia. Nearly 20 percent of Caterpillar's employees and nearly
30 percent of its global dealers are located in the Asia Pacific. In 2011, nearly 30 percent of
Caterpillar sales were generated from the Asia Pacific.

 Europe, Africa, Middle East (EAME)

Caterpillar has been serving customers in the EAME Region since the early 1900’s

Caterpillar established its first major facility outside the United States more than 60 years ago in the
UK. The company soon opened facilities in a number of other countries in the region such as
Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Switzerland, Russia, Poland, South Africa and
the United Arab Emirates. The EAME Region is an important manufacturing base and the largest
Caterpillar distribution division outside of the United States with approximately 25,000 employees,
of whom most are in the European Union within 36 manufacturing locations.

EAME has more than 680 Cat® dealer locations employing more than 26,000 dealer employees.

DISCUSSION

After you read Caterpillar company profile please identify:

 The history and development

 Headquarter/office
 Motto
 Vision and mission
 Product and services
 Marketing strategies
 achievement

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Lesson 2
WHAT’S THIS FOR?
SNAPSHOT

CONVERSATION

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GRAMMAR FOCUS

BEWARE

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READING:SAFETY REGULATION

Read the text about safety regulations in the a workshop and answer the questions!

Safety Regulations in the Workshop

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In industry and colleges, accidents are unfortunately all too common. They vary in degree from the
trivial to, in exceptional circumstances, fatalities. In the main these accidents are caused by
ignorance, horseplay or abuse of machinery and/or equipment.
It is important to know the regulations which govern the way in which work may be done in the
workplace and the processes, operations and equipment employed to do that work. Here are the
general workshop rules:
1. Machines, tools and equipment must be used in the correct manner and never misused.
2. Horseplay and unruly behaviour of any kind will not be tolerated at any time in the
workshops.
3. Protective goggles must be worn in the Workshops.
4. Long hair must be restrained (either tied back, under a hat or hairnet or pinned back) at all
times.
5. Machines must not be left unattended at any time during operation.
6. The operator's attention must not be distracted whilst the machine is in operation.
7. After use, all tools must be stored in the correct location or returned to the storeroom.
8. Arc welding masks/shields must be used during ALL arc welding processes.
9. All gas welding processes must be shut down correctly after use.
10. Never touch swarf (even if the machine is not operational) without wearing gloves.
11. All breakages/damage must be reported immediately.

(taken from http://www.sems.qmul.ac.uk)

1. What can cause accidents at work?

2. Why should we know the regulations in the workshop?
3. Can you sort out the general regulations in the workshop into groups of Do’s and Don’ts? You need
to change the sentences into imperative forms.

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DISCUSSION: MACHINE COMPONENTS

Look at the pictures of machine components below and describe the function of each component!

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Lesson 3
REFRIGERATOR
SNAPSHOT

Study this diagram. It explains how a refrigerator works. In your group try to work out the
function of each of the numbered components using theinformation in the diagram.

READING

►Dealing with unfamiliar words

You are going to read a text about refrigerator. Your purpose is to find out how they operate. Read
the first paragraph of the text below. Underline any words which are unfamiliar to you.

Refrigeration reserves food by lowering its temperature. It slows down the growth and reproduction of
micro-organisms such as bacteria and the action of enzymes which cause food to rot.
You may have underlined words like micro-organisms, bacteria, or enzymes. These are words
which are uncommon in engineering. Before you look them up in a dictionary or try to find
translations in your own language, think! Do you need to know the meaning of these words to
understand how refrigerators operate?You can ignore unfamiliar words which do not help you to
achieve your reading purpose.

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► Now read the text to check your explanation of how a refrigerator works. Ignore any
unfamiliar words which will not help you to achieve this purpose.

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LANGUAGE STUDIES

Study these extracts from the text above. What kind of statements are they?

1. If a liquid is heated, it changes to a gas or vapour.

2. If a gas is allowed to expand, it cools down.
3. If a gas is compressed, it heats up.

Each consists of an action followed by a result. For example:

Action: a liquid is heated

Result: it changes to a gas or vapour

These statements are principles. They describe things in science and engineering which are always
true. The action is always followed by the same result.

Principles have this form:

When (action - present tense). (result - present tense).

Link each action in column A with a result from column B to describe an

important engineering principle.

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VOCABULARY: VERBS AND RELATED NOUN

Each of the verbs in column A has a related noun ending in -er or -or in column B. Complete the
blanks. You have studied these words in this and earlier units. Use a dictionary to check any
spellings which you are not certain about.

WRITING: DESCRIBING A PROCESS

Study this diagram. It describes the refrigeration process.

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When we write about a process, we have to:

1 Sequence the stages

2 Locate the stages

3 Describe what happens at each stage

4 Explain what happens at each stage

For example:
sequence location : The refrigeration process begins in the compressor.
Description :This compresses the gas
Explanation : so that it heats up.
In this unit we will study ways to locate the stages.

Put these stages in the refrigeration process in the correct sequence with the
help of the diagram above. The first one has been done for you.

There are two ways to locate a stage in a process.

1. Using a preposition + noun phrase.

For example:

The liquid turns to vapourin the evaporator.

The gas cools down in the condenser.

2. Using a where-clause. a relative clause with where rather than which or who, to link a stage, its
location and what happens there.

For example:

The warm gas passes through the condenser, where it heats the surroundings and cools down.

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The refrigerant circulates around the fridge, where it undergoes changes in pressure and
temperature.

Complete each of these statements.

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Lesson 4
Please Read the Instruction!
CONVERSATION

GRAMMAR FOCUS

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FREE ADVICE

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READING

Measuring and measuring tools

Accurate measurement is the basis of good engineering and crafting practice.

The accuracy of any measuring device depends on the user as much as on the design of
the tool.
Measuring is not only checking the length, width or thickness of an object but
also checking of the shape – things like the flatness, straightness, roundness or
squareness. Measuring tools are also used for inspecting a finished or partly finished
product.
All measuring tools are precision tools. You must take good care of them to
keep them in good shape to maintain accuracy.
There are two systems of measurement. The traditional system used in the
United States is the US customary system. It is based on the English imperial system
of measure. The second is called the SI system (Metric system). The metric system is
an international decimalized system of measurement, first adopted by France in 1791,
that is the common system of measuring units used by most of the world. All
measuring tools have metric or imperial graduations or a combination of both. One
big advantage of the metric scale is that it eliminates the necessity for a range of
fractional sizes. The markings on a metric rule are every millimeter with the figures
marked at 10mm intervals. Fractions are not used in the SI system.

The examples of measuring tools are:

Ruler and scales: They are used to measure lengths and other geometrical
parameters. They can be single steel plate or flexible tape type tool.

Callipers: They are normally of two types- inside and outside calliper. They are used
to measure internal and external size (for e.g. diameter) of an object.

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Vernire calliper: It is a precision tool used to measure a small distance with high
accuracy.

Micrometer: It is a fine precision tool which is used to measure small distances and
is more accurate than the venire calliper.

Feeler gauge: Feelers gauges are a bunch of fine thickened steel strips with marked
thickness which are used to measure gap width or clearance between surface and
bearings.

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Telescopic feeler gauge: It is also known as tongue gauge and it consists of long
feeler gauge inside a cover with tongue or curved edge.

Poker gauge: This gauge is used to measure propeller stern shaft clearance, also
known as propeller wear down.

Bridge gauge: Bridge gauges are used to measure the amount of wear of Main engine
bearing.

Liner measurement tool: Liner measurement tool is a set of straight assembled rod
with marked length in each set. It is used to measure the wear down or increase in the
diameter of the engine liner.

American Wire Gauge: American wire gauge or AWG is used to measure cross
section of an electric cable or wire.

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Bore Gauge: A tool to accurately measure size of any hole is known as bore gauge, It
can be a scale, dial or digital type instrument.

Depth gauge: A depth gauge is used to measure the depth of a slot, hole or any other
surface of an object. It can be of scale, dial or digital type.

Angle plate or tool: It is a right angle plate or tool used to measure the true right
angle of two objects joined together.

Flat plate: Flat plate is a précised flat surface used to measure flatness of an object
when it is kept over the flat plate.

Dial Gauge: Dial gauge is utilised in different tools as stated above and can be
separately used to measure the trueness of the circular object, jumping of an object
etc.

Lead Wire: It is a conventional method to use soft lead wire or lead balls to measure
the wear down or clearance between two mating surfaces.

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