EFFERVESCENT TABLET EVALUATION

1. Physical Evaluation
a. Organoleptic
Organoleptic tests include visual examination, which is free from damage, from
contamination of raw materials or from contamination during the manufacturing process.
Organoleptic tests can be done by taking into account the shape, taste, smell, and color.

b. Weight uniformity
The purpose of this test is to determine the uniformity of the weight of the tablet. This is
related to the uniformity of drug dosage for each tablet. The procedure performed to test
the uniformity of weight is by weighing 20 tablets one by one and calculating the average
weight of tablets. If weighed one by one, there should not be more than 2 tablets, each with
a weight deviating from the average weight greater than the price set in column A and not
one tablet whose weight deviates from the average weight more than just the column
specified B.

Average weight storage (%)

Average weight
A B
25 mg or less 15 % 30%
26 mg to 150 mg 10 % 20 %
151 to 300 mg 7,5 % 15 %
More than 300 mg 5% 10%

c. Uniformity in size
The purpose of this test is to determine the uniformity of tablet size. This test is carried
out using a caliper. The procedure for measuring size uniformity is to take 20 tablets at
random, then each tablet measures the diameter and thickness with the calipers. The
diameter of the tablet must not be more than three times and not less than 4/3 the
thickness of the tablet.

d. Tablet hardness
Tablet hardness is a parameter that describes the durability of tablets in resisting
mechanical stresses such as shocks, erosion and cracking occurs during wrapping,
transportation and use. Tablet hardness test is done by using the Hardness tester. The
procedure performed for tablet hardness testing is to take 20 tablets at random, then
measure the hardness with the Hardness tester. The pressure needed to break the tablet is
measured on a device with Kg / cm². The ideal effervescent tablet hardness is 10 Kg / cm².

e. Friability
Friability is a parameter used to measure the resistance of a tablet's surface to the
friction it experiences during packaging and shipping. The fragility of tablets can be tested
with the Friability tester. The procedure for testing the hardness of tablets is to clean 20
tablets of dust and weigh them (W₀). Put the tablet into the appliance, then run for 4
 minutes at a speed of 25 rpm. After 4 minutes, stop the appliance, remove the tablet, then
clean it from dust and weigh it (W₁). The desired fragility value is <1%.
Friability index (f) = (W₀-W₁) / W₀ X 100%

f. Test time to dissolve

Late time describes fast or slow dissolving in water tablets. Soluble time is also an
important characteristic in effervescent tablets. Good soluble time ranges from 1-2 minutes.
The procedure performed for tablet hardness testing is to prepare 200 cc aquadest in a glass
beaker. Then enter the effervescent tablets that have been made. Let the tablet bubble and
dissolve, then observe and calculate the length of time the tablet bubbles until the bubbles
run out. Compare with stocks on the market.

2. Chemical Evaluation
a. Level Determination
For the determination of the content of a drug, it must be adjusted to the monograph of
each. Level determination procedures can be seen in the pharmacopoeia for each type of
drug.

b. Determination of pH
The pH determination procedure is to dissolve a tablet in 200 ml of water and then take
100 ml to measure its pH using a pH stick. The measurement results are said to be good if
the pH of the effervescent solution is close to neutral.

DAPUS

Tanjung, Puspita dan Intan Puspitasari. 2019. Formulasi dan Evaluasi Fisik Tablet Effervescent
Ekstrak Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.). Program Studi Diploma III Farmasi Akademi Farmasi
Bumi Siliwangi Bandung.

Khuroida, Aniqotul dkk. 2015. Makalah Teknologi Farmasi Tablet Effervescent. Program Studi DIII
Farmasi Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Pekalongan.