GENERATOR PRINCIPLE

EMF EQUATION OF A GENERATOR

EX. Ф = flux --- per pole, weber
Z = total magnetic coils or conductors
P = no. of generator poles
a = no. of parallel paths
N = armature rotation in rpm.
E = induced emf in any parallel path
Eq = emf generator
By the Law of ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
Average emf generated / cond = dФ/dt volts ( for n = 1 )
Flux cut/cond = dФ = ФP
F = no. of conductor/ sec = N/60 …
.the time per revolution dt = 60 / N
Hence:
EMF generated/ cond = dФ / dt = ФP / 60/N = ФPN / 60 volts

FOR SIMPLEX WAVE - WOUND GENERATOR

No. of parallel path , a = 2
No. of conductor per path = Z/2

Eq = ФPN x Z = ФPNZ volts

60 2 120

FOR SIMPLEX LAP-WOUND GENERATOR

a = P , no. of conductors/ path = Z
P
Eq = ФPN x Z = ФNZ volts
60 P 60
IN GENERAL:
Eq = ФZN x P volts . 2∏
60 a 2∏
= 1 ( 2∏ N ) Ф Z ( P )
2∏ a

Where w = generator angular speed = 2∏ N rad/sec

Eq = 1 ( wФZ ) (P ) volts
2∏ a

Where: a = 2-for simplex wave-winding

= P-for simplex lap-winding

For a given d.c. machine, Z, P and a are constant. Hence, putting

Ka = ZP/a
 Eg = Ka Φ N volts - where N is in rps
Problem:
A four pole generator having wave-wound armature winding has 51
slots each slots containing 20 conductors. What will be the voltage
generated in the machine when driven at 1500 rpm assuming the flux
per pole to be 0.7 mWB.