vkRe lfjrk 1

rjax 1

Bkdqj laiznk;
txn~ xq#ega oUns ukuda fo'o&ikoue~AA
oks/kk.kZoa egk'kkUra nsoap d#.kkdje~AA
lqUnj euop deZ ftu lqUnj xq.k HkjiwjAA
lqUnj Kku /;ku ftu vklqjh lair nwjAA
lqUnj xq#er iUFk ftu n'kkZ;ks efr eUnAA
lqUnj flag xq#nso ds cUnkSa in ^vjfoUn*AA
egku~ fueZy laiznk; ds varxZr ,d ^Bkdqj laiznk;* gS tks bZ'oj iznÙk
'kfDr;ksa dk lnqi;ksx djus esa] vfr izflf) izkIr dj pqdk gSA
Bkdqj laiznk; esa vusd riLoh] Hktukuanh ijksidkjh] vlk/kkj.k fo}ku~
,oa lPpfj= egkRek gks pqds gSa ftuesa ls dfri; egkiq#"kksa dk pfj=
vuqdj.kh; gSA
Jh Bkdqj n;ky flag th
vkidk tUe ve`rlj ds fdlh miuxj dk gh FkkA firk dk ijyksd
okl gks tkus ij ckgj ls ydfM+;k¡ ykdj csprs FksA cl blh dh vkenuh ls
ekrk vkSj viuk fuokZg djrs FksA 18 o"kZ dh vk;q esa ekrk th ds ijyksd
izLFkku ds vuarj] mnkl gksdj vki egkjkt ckck jke flag th ds ikl
vkus&tkus yxsA ;g vyeLr Qdhj ckck vVy lkfgc ds lehi 'e'kku
Hkwfe esa jgrs FksA muds lRlax ls vki dks izse dk ,slk vuwBk jax p<+k fd
vki muds f'k"; cu x,A vius ifjJe dh dekbZ ls QDdM+ ckck dh lsok
2 vkRe lfjrk

djrs] mudh vkKk feyrs gh mudks ;ksx&okf'k"V lqukus yx tkrs] dHkh&

dHkh os nks iafDr;k¡ lqudj gh dg nsrs Bgj tkvks vFkZ&fopkj dj ysus nsA
nks&nks fnu vkxs u c<+us nsrs vkSj dgrs fd vHkh fopkj dj jgs gSa] os fopkj
djrs&djrs lekf/kLFk gks tkrsA dHkh&dHkh blh n'kk esa nl&nl fnu O;rhr
gks tkrsA ckck th dh eLrh dk jax budks Hkh p<+us yxkA muds fy, vkius
mlh 'e'kku Hkwfe esa dPph dqfV;k cuk yhA budh dqfV;k dks ns[kdj egkRek
us dgk fd ^n;ky flag! rsjk izo`fÙk esa fpÙk gS] vPNk dksbZ gkfu dh ckr ugha]
jktk&egkjktk rqEgkjs pj.kksa esa flj >qdk;k djsaxs] ij izo`fÙk esa jgrs gq, Hkh
vuklDrHkko ls jgukA*
xq#nso ds nsgR;kx ds ckn vki igys ls Hkh vf/kd eXukoLFkk esa jgus
yxsA dfBu ri vkSj ti ds izHkko ls loZ flf);k¡ vkids ikl gkFk tksM+dj
[kM+h jgrh Fkha ij og brus ls gh larq"V gksdj lk/kuk ls fojDr ugha gq,
vkSj v/;kRe ekxZ ij c<+rs gh x,A ftl in dks ;ksxhtu vusd tUeksa esa
izkIr djrs gSa ml in dks vkius vkReKku ds }kjk izkIr fd;kA ftl mPp
voLFkk izkIr iq#"k dks xhrk esa fLFkrizK dgk x;k gS]ml voLFkk dks izkIr
dj vki d`rd`R; gks x,A vki lar egkRekvksa esa fl);ksxh uke ls izfl)
gq, turk esa Hkh vR;f/kd izfr"Bk izkIr dh] blh dkj.k ls vki ls nh{kk
ysdj cgqr yksx fueZy erkoyEch cusA
turk esa vR;f/kd izfr"Bk ds dkj.k ftl LFkku ij cSB dj vki Hktu
/;ku fd;k djrs Fks ml LFkku dks vkids J)kyq HkDrksa us vki ds uke ij
[kjhn fy;k vkSj /khjs&/khjs ogk¡ ij ,d vPNk vkJe cu x;k tks vkxs
pydj ^Msjk Bkdqjka* uke ls izfl) gqvkA rRi'pkr~ egar lkfgc] egar
gjn;ky flag th us Msjs ds cgqr ls eqt+kjksa }kjk vf/kd`r Hkwfe thr dj Msjs
dh laifÙk esa 'kkfey dj nhA
vkRe lfjrk 3

Jh Bkdqj n;ky flag th ds rirst dk izHkko bruk c<+k fd vkids

vkJe esa nks ls rhu lkS rd lk/kq&lar Hkkstu ikrs Fks] ijarq egkjkt th us
Hkkstukfn ds izca/k ds fy, Msjs ls ckgj dHkh iSj ugha j[kkA
,d fnu 'kgj esa ;g ckr mM+ xbZ fd vkt Bkdqj th ds vkJe esa vkVk]
nky u gksus ds dkj.k Hkkstu ugha cu ik;k] cl fQj D;k Fkk] ?kj&?kj ls
bruk vukt bdV~Bk gks x;k fd dbZ edku xsgw¡ vkfn ls Hkj x,A
vkidk ;'k lqudj egkjktk j.kthr flag th] egkjktk ifV;kyk vkfn
jktkx.k vkids n'kZu dks vk;k djrs vkSj fourh fd;k djrs fd egkjkt
vkJe ds uke tkxhj yxk nsus dh vkKk nhft,A rks egkjkt dgrs fd HkkbZ!
;g yaxj xq# dk gS] turk dk gS] ;g vVwV vUu {ks= gS] vr% fdlh ,d
vk/k jktk] egkjktk ls Hkwfe vkfn ysus dk iz'u gh ugha mRiUu gksrkA
egkjktk j.kthr flag ds ckn egkjkuh ftan dkSj us dqN xk¡o Msjs ds uke
yxk nsus dh vkKk ekaxh rks Bkdqj th us ckj&ckj ds bl >a>V dks ges'kk ds
fy, [kRe djus ds fy, Li"V dg fn;k&^egkjkuh ! ;fn gekjh izlUurk
pkgrh gks rks fQj dHkh Msjs esa vkus dk d"V u djukA*
;ksX; mÙkjkf/kdkjh le> dj vkius laor~~ 1915 esa lar xqykc flag dks
Msjs dh xn~nh lkSai nh vkSj laor~~ 1916 esa czãyhu gks x,A
q
4 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 2

iafMr gfj flag th egkjkt

Jh Bkdqj n;ky flag th ds 17 f'k"; gq, ftu esa ls ,d lar xqykc flag
th dks vkius viuk mÙkjkf/kdkjh fu;qDr dj fn;k Fkk] 'ks"k esa ls nks egku~
foHkwfr;ksa dk laf{kIr mYys[k bl izdkj gSA
Jh Bkdqj n;ky flag th ds f'k";ksa esa lcls ;ksX;re vkSj vewY; jRu
FksµJh 108 iafMr gfj flag th egkjkt ^dFkk okys* tks loZ leFkZ gksrs gq,
Hkh vkthou fojDr jgsA cM+s&cMs+ Hkouksa dk fuekZ.k Hkh fd;k ij mudh
eerk ls eqDr jgs vkSj thou i;±r #i;s&iSls dks gkFk ls Nqvk rd ughaA
vkidk tUe xzke nkSyrkyk ft+yk jkoyfiaMh esa laor~~ 1888 esa gqvkA
chl o"kZ dh vk;q esa vpkud ,d fnu ?kj ls fudy iM+s vkSj ,sls vkRe&
Kkuh xq# dh ryk'k esa vusd rhFkksZa esa ?kweus yxs tks lalkj&pØ ls fudkydj
ml ije /kke esa igq¡pk nsa ftlls fQj dHkh fxjus dk Hk; u jgsA ftls xhrk
esa bl izdkj dgk gS&
rr% ina rRifjekfxZrO;a ;fLeu~xrk u fuorZfUr Hkw;%AA
reso pk|a iq#"ka izi|s ;r% izo`fr% izl`rk iqjk.khAA
;Fkk&;n~xRok u fuorZUrs r}ke ijea eeAA
;Fkk
ukud c/kk ?k# rgka ftFkS fejrq u tueq tjkAA ¼iUuk 44½
vusd egkRekvksa ds n'kZu lRlax fd, ij dgha ls iw.kZ larks"k u gqvkA
vkRe lfjrk 5

vkf[kj Hkkjr ds dbZ izeq[k Hkkxksa dk pDdj dkVdj laor~~ 1902 esa nhokyh
ij ve`rlj i/kkjs vkSj egkiq#"k Bkdqj n;ky flag th ds n'kZu fd,A cl
n'kZuek= ls euksn'kk cny xbZA Hktu fparu esa fpÙko`fÙk fLFkj gks xbZA lsok
Lej.k djrs jgs vkSj vuar lsok] ljyrk ,oa uezrk] vkfn xq.kksa ls Bkdqj th
egkjkt dks izlUu fd;kA Bkdqj th egkjkt us mUgsa fueZy er esa nhf{kr
djus dh d`ik dhA dqN fnu ogha jgdj xq#LFkku dh lsok dh vkSj Jh Bkdqj
th egkjkt ds Lukukfn dh lsok laHkkyhA ckn esa Jh Bkdqj th dh vkKk
ikdj Jh iafMr Hkxr flag th tks Bkdqj th ds f'k"; Fks] dh eaMyh esa jgdj
laLd`r dk v/;;u djus yxsA O;kdj.k] dkO;] dks"kkfn i<+dj U;k;] osn]
osnkar ds ikjaxr fo}ku~ gks x,A
vki dh cqf) vfr&rhoz FkhA xzaFk&/kkj.k&'kfDr viwoZ FkhA vr% vklkuh
ls vFkZ lfgr ikB daBLFk dj ysrs FksA iw.kZ fo}ku~ gksdj LosPNk ls rhFkkZVu
djus yxsA vusd ifo= rhFkZ LFkkuksa ds n'kZu ;k=k dj] _f"kds'k esa vk
fojktsA ;gk¡ ij lk/kq&lekt esa vki dh cgqr izfr"Bk gqbZA O;kl Hkxoku dh
rjg vki cgqr ls lk/kq larksa dh lHkk esa cSB dj dfBu xzaFkksa dh viwoZ <ax ls
O;k[;k djrs] cM+s&cM+s fo}ku~ vkidh O;k[;k lqudj ea=&eqX/k gks tkrs FksA
fo'ks"krk ;g Fkh fd vkRe iqjk.k tSls o`gn~ ,oa xw<+&xzaFkksa dh dFkk vki fcuk
iqLrd gkFk esa fy, djrs FksA ,slk ekywe gksrk Fkk fd ljLorh vkidh ftgok
esa fuokl djrh gSA vusd fo}ku~ lk/kqvksa us vius ikl iqLrd ysdj vkidh
dFkk lquh fd Bhd vkuqiwohZ ^vkRe iqjk.k* vki dks daBLFk gS ;k fd fn[kkok
ek= gSA ij ,d v{kj dk Hkh varj u iM+k rks gSjku gksdj vkidh viwoZ
izfrHkk dh eqDr daB ls iz'kalk djus yxsA ^n`"Vkar rFkk izek.kksa ls lqlfTtr
vkidh dFkk Jksrkvksa ds ân; esa vkuan dk lzksr izokfgr dj nsrh FkhA
6 vkRe lfjrk

,d ckj vki dk'kh pys x,A ogk¡ lar lekt esa vkidk cgqr vknj
gqvkA ,d fnu vkius usiky tkdj i'kqifr ukFk dh ;k=k djus dh
vfHkyk"kk O;Dr dh rks mifLFkr lHkh lar egkRekvksa us leFkZu fd;k vkSj
cgqr ls lk/kq lar lkFk pyus dks rS;kj gks x,A QyLo:i cgqr ls lk/kq larksa
lfgr eafty&c eafty usiky ig¡qp x,A ml le; vkids lkFk cM+s&cM+s lar
egkRek] tSls iwT;ikn rRon'khZ Jh&Jh 108 iafMr bZ'oj flag th egkjkt
^nkS?kj* ¼i0½ okys rFkk vkSj Hkh vusd fo}ku~ egkRek FksA esyk&i;±r
czãfopkj ,oa dFkk mins'kksa dk v[kaM izokg pyrk jgkA esys dh lekfIr
gksus ij ogk¡ ds jhfr&fjokt ds vuqlkj iapeh okys fnu egkjktkf/kjkt
usiky ujs'k] lHkh laiznk;ksa ds lar egkRekvksa dks fonk;xh nsdj lEeku
lfgr fonk djrs FksA
esys ds vafre fnu lHkh laiznk;ksa ds egkRek fojkteku FksA Lo;a usiky
ujs'k ds jk.kk tax cgknqj Hkh mifLFkr FksA ml le; ljdkj ds vk'k;
vuqlkj lar lR;uke flag th us lkxzg izkFkZuk dh fd vkt dk fnu vfr
'kqHk ,oa lkSHkkX;iw.kZ gS ftlesa osn osnkaxksa o 'kkL=ksa ds Kkrk vR;f/kd egkRek
lq'kksfHkr gSa lks vki yksxksa dh ve`r ok.kh }kjk egkjktkf/kjkt dqN
czãfopkj Jo.k djus dh vfHkyk"kk j[krs gSaA ;g lqudj lHkh egkRek pqi
gks x,A rc txn~oanuh; Jh iafMr bZ'oj flag th dk b'kkjk ikdj Jh iafMr
gfj flag th us Hkk"k.k vkjaHk fd;kA Hkk"k.k bl <ax ls xqaFku fd;k ftls
lqudj mifLFkr lHkh lar egkRek /kU;&/kU; dj mBsA rks usiky ujs'k us
mBdj dgk&vkt rd eaSus ,slk lqe/kqjre] lq/kklzkoh laHkk"k.k dHkh ugha
lqukA ^/kU; egkRek* dgdj nl gtkj #i;s HksaV fd, ij ^ohr jkxL; r`.ka
txr~* ds vuqlkj fuLi`g egkRek us lkjh jde ykSVk nhA mlesa ls ,d iSlk
vkRe lfjrk 7

Hkh ugha xzg.k fd;kA ;g ckr vkt ls lÙkj (70) o"kZ igys dh gS tc ,d
#i;s dk 111 eu xsgw¡ feyrk FkkA
blds vuarj ;Fkk Øe rhFkksZa ds n'kZu Luku djrs gq, okil _f"kds'k vk
fojktsA laor~~ 1960 ds djhc iatkc fla/k {ks= tSls fo'kky Hkou dk fuekZ.k
fd;kA mlesa egkRekvksa ds fy, vUu{ks= LFkkfir fd;kA ;g lc egku dk;Z
vkius iatkc fla/k ds dsoy ,d nkSjs esa gh lEiUu fd;kA vki ^dFkk okys
egkRek* ds uke ls izfl) FksA vki vgfuZ'k czã&fopkj esa gh O;rhr djrs
FksA lEor~~ 1962 ds iz;kx dqaHk ij
ftm ty efg tyq vkb [kVkukAA
frm tksrh lafx tksfr lekukAA ¼iUuk 278½
lq[keuh lkfgc ds opukuqlkj ogha ekrk xaxk dh xksn esa lnSo ds fy, lq[k
dh uhan lks x,A
q
8 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 3

egar ckck fe'kjk flag th

ckck fe'kjk flag th Bkdqj laiznk; ds nsnhI;eku u{k= FksA vkidk tUe
laor~~ 1969 esa pdksBh xzke] eqtQjkckn] dk'ehj esa ,d izfrf"Br czkã.k
?kjkus esa gqvkA vki ckY;koLFkk ls gh vfr lkSE; ,oa ljy LoHkko ds
cqf)eku ckyd FksA cpiu esa vkidks xq#eq[kh fyfi i<+us esa :fp iSnk gqbZA
vkius xq# ukud nso th dh ikou ok.kh daBLFk dj yhA ikou xq#ok.kh ds
v/;;u ls lkalkfjd >a>Vksa ls oSjkX; gks x;kA QyLo:i ?kj ds yksxksa ls
ukrk rksM+dj ve`rlj esa Jh Bkdqj th ds izfl) LFkku esa vkdj Bgj x,A
Bkdqj th ls vkKk ysdj vkJe dh lsok ls fuo`Ùk gksdj laxhr fo|k lh[kus
yxsA vYi dky esa gh vPNs xk;d cu x,A vkidk eukseqX/kdkjh laxhr
lqudj Jh gfjeafnj lkfgc ds izca/kdksa us njckj lkfgc esa laxhr pkSdh
djus ds fy, fou; dh] ij vkius osru ij xq#ok.kh dk dhrZu djuk
Lohdkj u fd;kA vkf[kj voSrfud :i ls dhrZu djus dk vkxzg eku
fy;kA blls 'kgj esa vkidh izfr"Bk vkSj Hkh c<+ xbZA vkidk e/kqj dhrZu
lquus ds fy, Jh gfjeafnj dk izkax.k iwjk Hkj tkrk FkkA vkids u;ukfHkjke
n'kZu ls ,oa vykSfdd lqjhys laxhr ls Jksrkx.k ea=&eqX/k gks tkrsA
,d ckj blh izdkj dh euksgkjh laxhr&/ofu lqudj ckck Qrg flag th
vki dh vksj vkdf"kZr gq, vkSj lkspus yxs fd ;fn vius LFkku dh xn~nh
bUgha dks lkSai nas rks ;g LFkku HkkX;oku gksxk D;ksafd buls c<+ dj dksbZ ;ksX;
lk/kq feyuk dfBu gS] blls LFkku dh izfr"Bk Hkh c<+sxh vkSj ge fuf'par Hkh
vkRe lfjrk 9

gks tk,xsA bl izdkj fopkj dj ckck Qrg flag th us Bkdqj n;ky flag th
ls izkFkZuk dh fd egkjkt ;g lar vkJe laHkkyus gsrq eq>s ns nhft, rkfd
bls viuk LFkku lkSai dj eSa fuf'par gks tkšA blesa u dsoy LFkku dks
vkckn j[kus dh gh ;ksX;rk gS oju~ vkJe dks mUur djus dh {kerk Hkh
fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA
;g lqudj Bkdqj th cgqr izlUu gq, vkSj cksys fd vki ds fy, dqN Hkh
vns; ugha gSA ;g lar Hkh vkSj tks dqN Hkh pkgks lc vki dk gh gSA
bl izdkj ckck fe'kjk flag th dks 27 tuojh lu~ 1916 dks viuk
mÙkjkf/kdkjh fu;r fd;k vkSj edku o t+ehu rFkk leLr pykpy laifÙk
dh olh;r vius mÙkjkf/kdkjh lar fe'kjk flag ds uke fy[k nhA
egar ckck fe'kjk flag th rRdkyhu ;ksX;re egkiq#"kksa esa ls ,d FksA
vkidh u;ukfHkjke euksgj ewfrZ dks ns[kdj gj O;fDr dk ân; eksfgr gks
tkrk FkkA laxhr dh dksey dyk ds ftKklq] vkids ikl lnSo jgrs FksA vki
e/kqj Hkk"kh lc ds fgrdkjh ,oa O;ogkj dq'ky egkiq#"k FksA mnkj ,sls fd
Msjs esa vk, lk/kq egkRek dks ns[kdj vkidh izlUurk dk dksbZ ikjkokj u
jgrkA oSls rks vkids cgqr ls f'k"; Fks ijarq iafMr nsok flag th nsoiqjk
¼gfj}kj½ okys o egar jRu flag th cgqr gh fo[;kr egkiq#"k gq, gSaA
egar jRu flag th egkjkt
ckck fe'kjk flag th ds f'k";ksa esa vfr izHkko'kkyh O;fDr Fks] egar jRu
flag th egkjktA vkidk tUe laor~~ 1900 esa xzke ifu;kyh bykdk iqaN
¼d'ehj½ esa ,d czkã.k ifjokj esa gqvkA vki ckY;dky ls gh 'khry LoHkko
ds FksA NksVs cM+s lc ds lkFk vkidk izse iw.kZ crkZo FkkA ?kj ckgj lHkh esa
vki Lusg dh n`f"V ls ns[ks tkrs FksA tc dqN l;kus gq, rks xq#eq[kh lh[kus
dh rhoz bPNk gqbZA lPph yxu vkSj ifjJe ds dkj.k 'kh?kz gh xq#eq[kh esa
10 vkRe lfjrk

vlk/kkj.k ;ksX;rk izkIr dj yhA fd'kksjkoLFkk esa tc dHkh dFkk djrs rks
Jksrkx.k vkuan foHkksj gks tkrsA
vki tc toku gq, rks ,d ckj is'kkoj pys x,A ogha vkidks ckck
fe'kjk flag th ds n'kZu gks x,A ckck th ds pj.kksa dh vksj brus vkd`"V gq,
fd cl mUgha ds gks x,A mu ds dhrZu ls brus izHkkfor gq, fd ?kj okyksa dk
/;ku rd u jgkA var esa ckck fe'kjk flag th ds lkFk ve`rlj vk x,A Msjs
dh leLr lsok dk Hkkj vius da/kksa ij ys fy;k ;Fkk xq#nso ckck fe'kjk flag
th dks izkr%dkyhu Luku djkuk] Jh xq# xzaFk lkfgc dk izdk'k o /kwi&
nhikfn ls iwtk djuk] vH;kxr egkRek dk Lokxr ,oa lsok lqJw"kk djuk]
;Fkk&le; egkRekvksa o laxr dks Hkkstu djkuk] bl izdkj leLr dk;ZHkkj
laHkky fy;kA ;g egkiq#"k LoHkko ds brus dksey Fks fd fdlh dks dHkh dVq
opu ugha dgrs Fks] lnSo 'kkar jgrsA vkids 'khy vkSj vareqZ[kh o`fÙk] e/kqj
ok.kh vkSj vkKkikyu vkfn ln~xq.kksa ls ckck th brus izlUu gq, fd ;g
fu'p; dj fy;k fd blesa vkJe dh lsok dk xq#Hkkj laHkkyus dh {kerk gSA
blfy, ckck fe'kjk flag th us laor~~ 1923 esa 'kgj ds egkRekvksa dh lHkk
esa lar jRu flag th dks vius gkFkksa jLe nLrkjcanh dj nhA
blds ckn vkius ftl ;ksX;rk vkSj yxu ls vkJe dk lapkyu fd;k
og lc egkRekvksa ds fy, vuqdj.kh; gSA vki xq#ok.kh dk cgqr vH;kl
fd;k djrs FksA vkidk xq#ok.kh ikB dk mPpkj.k cgqr gh 'kq) Fkk blfy,
fdrus gh lk/kq lar ikBh o Kkuh gksdj Hkh vkidks lquk dj ikB 'kq) fd;k
djrs FksA vki LoHkko ds n;kyq vkSj ijksidkjh egkiq#"k FksA vki izHkq&uke
ds vfr izseh FksA vkidh veynkjh esa Msjs dh vlk/kkj.k mUufr gqbZA
,d ckj tc ns'k O;kih Iysx dk jksx QSyk rks ,d ejht+ vkids LFkku esa
e`R;q dk xzkl cu x;k] rc uxj ikfydk desVh us vki ds Msjs ds lHkh larksa
vkRe lfjrk 11

dks rju&rkju okyh lM+d ij ,d ljk; esa fVdk;k ¼Bgjk;k½A ml le;

tks ljdkjh vkKk Fkh] vkius fcuk fgpfdpkgV ds Lohdkj dhA edku vkSj
reke lkeku tyk fn;kA bl vlk/kkj.k /kS;Z ds fy, vki dks dqlhZ&u'khuh
dk vf/kdkj ljdkj dh vksj ls fn;k x;kA fQj vkius u;k edku cuok;kA
igyh olh;r vkius lar eksrk flag ds uke dhA muds ijyksdoklh gksus
ij lar gkde flag th ds uke olh;rukek fd;kA
tujy desVh VwV tkus ij fueZy egkeaMy vfLrÙo esa vk;k vkSj vki
mlds iz/kku cuk, x,A vkthou vki bl mPpin ij vklhu jgsA
var esa vki 82 o"kZ dh nh?kkZ;q Hkksx dj 17 psr laor~~ 1986 dks
ve`rlj gh esa HkkSfrd 'kjhj dk ifjR;kx dj czãT;ksfr esa foyhu gks x,A
egar jRu flag th ds f'k";
egar jRu flag ds f'k";ksa esa lkr izfl) egkiq#"k gq, gSa ;Fkk Hktu&ewfrZ
riksfuf/k Jh Jh 108 Lokeh ^Hkxr flag th egkjkt fiaMh ?kscokys* ftuds
f'k"; Jh Jh 108 iafMr lqPpk flag th egkjkt fueZy v[kkM+s ds egar in
dks lq'kksfHkr dj jgs gSaA nwljs Jh Jh 108 ckck izse flag th ¼_f"kds'k½
>kM+h okys] laLd`r ds egku fo}ku~ FksA cgqr ls lk/kq larksa us vkids fo|kFkhZ
gksus dk xkSjo izkIr djds lekt esa izfr"Bk izkIr dhA buesa izeq[k Fks Jheku~
iafMr lar flag th osnkarkpk;Z dk'kh okys] fueZy v[kkM+k ds orZeku iszlhMsaV
egar iafMr lqPpk flag th egkjkt yC/k&izfr"B egkiq#"k gSaA rhljs Kkuh
ljksoj flag th FksA vki us=ghu gksus ij Hkh xq# ?kj dh fo|k ds O;kl dgs
tkrs FksA vki us eqDrlj esa LFkku cuk;k Fkk ftlds orZeku egar gSa Kkuh
jke flag th tks egku~ fo}ku~ gSaA pkSFks gSa Kkuh Hkxoku flag th lgkjuiqj
okysA ik¡posa Kkuh fo'ku flag ØhV tks izfl) oDrk vkSj vPNs ys[kd Hkh gSaA
NBs ckck iky flag thA lkrosa gSa xn~nh ds orZeku egar gkde flag thA
12 vkRe lfjrk

egar gkde flag th

egar gkde flag th dk tUe laor~~ 1953 dks xzke if.k;kyh rglhy
ckx ¼iqaN d'kehj½ esa gqvkA ^gksugkj fcjoku ds gksr phdus ikr* ds vuqlkj
vki cpiu ls gh LoHkko ds ljy] lgu'khy] e/kq Hkk"kh vkSj izfrHkk laiUu
ckyd FksA nqjkxzg vkSj jksuk vkfn ckY;dky ds nks"k vki esa ugha FksA izd`fr
ds fu;ekuqlkj tSls&tSls 'kjhj dh vfHko`f) gqbZ] oSls gh cqf) Hkh rh{.k
gksrh pyh xbZA [ksy&dwn esa de vkSj iBu&ikBu esa fo'ks"k :fp FkhA
cksypky esa f'k"Vkpkj vkSj ljyrk FkhA xq.k xzg.k djus dh 'kfDr Hkh vlhe
FkhA okrkZyki esa e/kqjrk vkSj dq'kyrk vki ds cpiu dk fo'ks"k xq.k FkkA
dqN l;kus gq, rks firk th ,d ckj ve`rlj lkFk ys vk,A ;gk¡ egar
jRu flag th ds ikl BgjsA ve`rlj xq#iqjh dh vn~Hkqr jpuk ns[kdj ikou
xq#ok.kh dk ve`r dhrZu lqudj eu xq# pj.kksa esa je x;kA ihNs ykSV dj
?kj tkuk vkidks vPNk u yxkA vkidk vkxzg ns[kdj firk th us vkidks
;gha NksM+ tkuk Js;Ldj le>kA ;gk¡ iBu&ikBu esa izo`Ùk gks x,A
fo|k/;;u esa :fp ns[kdj ckck jRu flag th us iatkch vkSj fganh i<+kuk
vkjaHk dj fn;kA vkius 'kh?kz gh fganh] iatkch vkSj laxhr esa vPNh ;ksX;rk
izkIr dj yhA osnkar Hkh i<+s vkSj Jh xq# xzaFk lkfgc dk vFkZ lfgr i;kZIr
euu fd;kA xq#?kj ds bfrgkl dk Hkh xaHkhj v/;;u fd;k rFkk xq#ok.kh ds
vPNs Kkuh cu x,A blds lkFk&lkFk mnZw lkfgR; vkSj HkkbZ uanyky th dk
dkO; laxzg Qkjlh esa i<+kA /khjs&/khjs Hkk"k.k&dyk esa Hkh vkius cgqr egkjFk
izkIr dhA bl izdkj vki yksdfiz; usrk cu x,A ckgj ls vk, egkRek o
;k=h vkids f'k"Vrkiw.kZ crkZo ls cgqr izlUu gksrs FksA 'kgj ds lar egar Hkh
vkidh iz'kalk djrs FksA
bl izdkj J)kHkfDr iw.kZ lsok] foey cqf)] dk;Zdq'kyrk] lPpfj=rk
vkRe lfjrk 13

vkfn xq.kksa ds o'khHkwr gksdj Jheku~~ egar jRu flag th us ,d ek?k laor~~
1983 dks viuh xn~nh nsdj egkRekvksa ds Hkkjh lekxe esa vius dj&
deyksa ls egarh dh nLrkj lar gkde flag th ds flj ij ltk nhA Msjs ds
ysu&nsu vkfn dk dke rks igys Hkh vki gh djrs Fks ij vkt ls dqy
dk;ZHkkj egar gkde flag th dks lkSai fn;k x;kA vc egar gkde flag th
lqpk: :i ls Msjs dh lsok djus yxsA
laor~~ 1987 esa egar jRu flag th ds czãyhu gksus ij] vki gh mudh
txg fueZy egkeaMy ds iz/kku pqus x,A lu~ 1932 esa vkius vky bafM;k
fueZy egkeaMy dks jftLVMZ djok;kA 15 o"kZ rd yxkrkj eaMy ds
loZlEefr ls iz/kku pqus tkrs jgsA bl vof/k esa vkius dFkk] Hkk"k.k vkfn esa
fo'ks"k ;ksX;rk izkIr dhA vU;kU; lHkk lkslkbfV;ksa vkSj lar lekxeksa esa
vkids laHkk"k.k vR;f/kd vknj ls lqus tkrs FksA bu xq.kksa vkSj vfr ifo=
thou ds dkj.k vkidh lk/kq larksa rFkk HkDr lekt esa cgqr izfr"Bk gqbZA
vki ,d vPNs ys[kd Hkh FksA ^fueZy i=* vkfn lkIrkfgd i=ksa esa vkids
ys[kksa dks izFke LFkku feyrk FkkA
rhu pkj o"kZ rd egkeaMy dh v/;{krk ls gB iwoZd nwj jgs ij var esa
izfrf"Br larksa egarksa ds vkxzg ls fQj vkius iz/kku in dh lsok Lohdkj dj
yh vkSj vkf[kj esa czãyhu gksus ds pkj lky igys vkidks jDr&pki
¼CyMiSz'kj½ dh f'kdk;r gks tkus ls vkius v/;{k in dh lsok ds fy,
vLoLFk gksus ds dkj.k foo'krk O;Dr dh tks lekt us Lohdkj dj yhA
nqHkkZX; ls fQj lu~ 1972 ds var esa vki dks nksckjk gkVZ&vVSd gks x;kA
Hkjiwj fpfdRlk gksus ls cp rks x, ij [kkV ls u mB ldsA blh nkSjku
viuh dqy pykpy laifÙk dh olh;r vius lq;ksX; f'k"; lar euthr flag
th ds uke dj nhA
14 vkRe lfjrk

vkidh bl #X.kkoLFkk ls lkjk iatkc gh fpafrr FkkA lHkh lHkk&

lkslkbfV;ksa ds deZpkfj;ksa dk] ftudks vkidk vewY; lg;ksx izkIr gksrk Fkk]
vkids ikl rk¡rk yxk jgrk FkkA bruk gh ugha izR;qr fnYyh] tEew] d'kehj
rd ?kcjkgV ep xbZ FkhA vkf[kj esa vki 13 vxLr lu~ 1973 dks&
tk dm vk, lksbZ fcgk>gq gfj xq# rs eufg clsjkAA
fut ?kfj egyq ikogq lq[k lgts cgqfj u gksbxks QsjkAA ¼iUuk 13½
ds vuqlkj ftl vej oLrq dks izkIr djus vk, Fks] Jo.k&euu vkfn
lk/kuksa ds }kjk mlh vkReKku:Ik vej oLrq dks izkIr dj vkSj izseh
HkDrtuksa dks lr~uke dk tki tikdj vius fut ?kj Lo:iczã esa yhu gks
x,A
vkids pkj lq;ksX; f'k"; gSa 1. vkids mÙkjkf/kdkjh euthr flag th
ftUgksaus vkidk lkSaik gqvk Hkkj vius dU/kksa ij fy;k gSA 2. iafMr bZ'oj
flag th 'kkL=h ¼dk'kh½A 3. lar eku flag th ¼fnYyh½ vkSj 4. lar jke flag
th ¼ve`rlj½ tks Msjs gh esa jgdj iwoZor~ lsok dk;Z dj jgs gSaA
q
vkRe lfjrk 15

rjax 4

Jh iafMr egaar nsok flag th

iafMr nsok flag th ckck fe'kjk flag th ds gh psys FksA Bkdqj&laiznk;
:ih unh dh lhi ds egku eksrh FksA vkidk tUe xzke chjcy ftyk 'kkgiqj
esa laor~~ 1905 esa gqvkA cpiu gh esa lEeksgd inkFkksZa dh vksj ls vkidk
eu fojDr gksrk x;kA vki laor~ 1932 esa pqipki ?kj ls fudy iM+s vkSj
lkspus yxs fd Hktukuanh egkiq#"k ls mins'k ysdj bZ'oj&fparu dj
ekuo&tUe dks lQy djuk pkfg,A blh fopkj esa fueXu gq, vki fd.kk.kk
esa vk fVdsA ;g ukFk iaFk ds ;ksfx;ksa dk izfl) LFkku gSA ;gk¡ cgqr ls
egkiq#"kksa ds fopkj lqus ij mu yksxksa ds jgu&lgu vkSj [kku&iku ls dqN
?k`.kk lh gqbZA vr% ogk¡ ls fujk'k gksdj ve`rlj esa vk fojktsA ;gk¡ Jh
njckj lkfgc esa izfrfnu izkr% dkyhu dhrZu Jo.k djus yxsA czã&eqgwrZ esa
ukejfld ckck fe'kjk flag th dk dhrZu gqvk djrk FkkA oSjkX;e; dhrZu
dk ifo= ân; ij xgjk vlj gqvkA QyLo:i vkius ckck fe'kjk flag th
dk f'k"; cuus dk n`<+ ladYi dj fy;kA rnuqlkj egkiq#"kksa ds pj.kksa esa
fouhr fou; dh vkSj egkRek us ^;ng[ks fojtsr rng[ks izoZtsr*&osn opu
ds vuqlkj oSjkX; dh n'kk ns[kdj izkFkZuk Lohdkj dh vkSj nh{kk nsdj viuh
pj.k&lsok esa yxk fy;kA ije J)kyq f'k"; us xq#nso ,oa yaxj dh viwoZ
lsok dhA vkidh lsok ls xq# izlUu gq, vkSj lkFk&lkFk i<+kuk Hkh 'kq#
fd;kA i<+us esa vkidh yksdksÙkj izfrHkk ns[kdj izlUurkiwoZd ckgj tkdj
xaHkhj v/;;u djus dh vkKk nhA vkKk ikdj vki nknka okys lar
16 vkRe lfjrk

Tokyknkl th ds ikl pys x,A mudh eaMyh esa jgdj vkius osnkar vkfn
n'kZu&'kkL=ksa dk xaHkhj v/;;u fd;k vkSj vPNs fo}ku~ gksdj okil
ve`rlj esa vk x,A ve`rlj esa vkidh cgqr [;kfr gqbZA QyLo:i cgqr
ls fo|k vfHkyk"kh vkids fo|kFkhZ cu x,A bl izdkj vkidh ,d cM+h
eaMyh cu xbZA
blds vuarj vkius rhFkkZVu vkSj fofHkUu LFkkuksa esa Hkk"k.k vkjaHk
fd;kA ?kwers&?kwers laor~~ 1957 esa eqyrku igq¡psA ogk¡ HkDrtuksa us vkidk
vHkwriwoZ Lokxr fd;k vkSj J)k&HkfDr ls lsok dhA izseh HkDrksa ds vkxzg ls
vkius ogk¡ ^nsoiqjk* uke ls lqanj vkJe LFkkfir fd;k ftlesa lar
egkRekvksa ds jgus vkSj Hkkstu vkfn dk leqfpr izca/k fd;k x;kA
blds vuarj vkius lhek izkar ds uxj is'kkoj vkfn dk dbZ ckj nkSjk
fd;k vkSj dbZ ckj d'ehj dh ;k=k vkSj dh var esa laor~~ 1967 esa
ek;kiqj] gfj}kj esa nsoiqjk vkJe dh LFkkiuk dhA bl LFkku esa cM+s&cM+s
egkRek fojktrs gSa vkSj ;gk¡ gj izdkj ds vH;kxr lk/kq&lar dh mfpr lsok
gksrh gSA lk/kq fdlh Hkh laiznk; dk gks ;gk¡ lEeku iwoZd Bgjk;k tkrk gSA
vki ,d fopkjoku fo}ku~ egkRek FksA vkius (1) vkRekuqHkofoosd
(2) LoIufopkj (3) e`R;qfpUg iznhfidk (4) tiqiznhi Vhdk (5) flag fl)
xksf"V vkfn dbZ xzaFk jRuksa dh jpuk dhA bl izdkj 77 o"kZ dh vk;q Hkksxdj
clar iapeh ds fnu ek?k laor~~ 1982 dks 'kgj eqyrku esa Qkuh nqfu;k dks
NksM+dj fuR; vfouk'kh LFkku lp[kaM eas tk fojktsA clar iapeh ds fnu
nsoiqjk vkJe gfj}kj esa vkidh o"khZ ¼cjlh½ cM+h /kwe&/kke ls eukbZ tkrh gSA
vki ,d egku ijksidkjh] vfr e/kqjHkk"kh] lR;oknh ,oa osnkar ds
ikjaxr fo}ku~ FksA vkids dFkk O;k[;ku vfr izHkko'kkyh FksA lar lekt esa
vkidk Hkjiwj vknj lEeku FkkA
vki ds cgqr ls f'k";ksa esa ls N% (6) vfr izfl) egkRek gq, gSa ;Fkk
vkRe lfjrk 17

ia- xq#pj.k flag th] ia- isze flag th] ia- Hkxoku flag th] Lokeh psrunso
th] t; flag th vkfnA
iafMr xq#pj.k flag th dk tUe laor~ 1940 esa ftyk >ax] ikfdLrku
esa gqvkA vki toku gq, rks vkids xzke esa Iysx jksx QSy x;k ftlls cgqr ls
xzke fuoklh dky ds fodjky xky esa lek x,A ;g Hk;kog n`'; ns[kdj
vkidks lalkj ls oSjkX; gks x;kA vki eqyrku esa egkjkt nsok flag th ds
pj.kksa esa vk fojktsA dqN fnu lsok dj fueZyer esa nhf{kr gq,A egkjkt ds
LoxkZjksg.k ds vuarj vki nsoiqjk vkJe ds egar fu;qDr gq,A vki
^iqjk.kksa* ds cgqr cM+s fo}ku~ FksA vki d`".kyhyk ,oa o`ankou dh ;k=k ds cM+s
izseh FksA vki cM+s rstLoh iq#"k FksA vkids lkeus cksyus dk lkgl fdlh dks
ugha gksrk FkkA vkids ,d f'k"; lar peu flag th Hkh Fks ftudk nsgkar gks
pqdk gSA
vkids cSdqaBokl ds ckn vkidh xn~nh dks lq'kksfHkr fd;k vkids
xq#HkkbZ fiz;oknh iafMr isze flag th egkjkt usA
iafMr izse flag th dk tUe laor~~ 1942 dks xzke cktok LVsV ifV;kyk
esa gqvkA vkius nsoiqjk vkJe dh lsok cgqr ;ksX;rk ls dhA vkids le; esa
lc egkRek [kq'k jgrs FksA vkids ln~Hkkoukiw.kZ crkZo vkSj fu"dke lsok ls
nsoiqjk vkJe dk lekt esa cgqr lEeku c<+kA 'khry LoHkko gksus ds dkj.k
vkids cgqr f'k"; gq,] ftuesa izeq[k orZeku egar yky flag th gSa tks vfr
;ksX;rk ls vkJe ds izca/k dks pyk jgs gSa vkSj mUufr ds iFk ij vxzlj gks
jgs gSaA vkids lg;ksxh xq#HkkbZ lar n;k flag czg~eh th ia- xq#pj.k flag ds
f'k"; gSaA cgqr dky ls vkJe esa gh fuokl djrs gSaA lar ukjk;.k flag th
^ckcsvkuk* ¼xzke tks)s½ esa] vius pkpk xq# egar n;k flag th] tks ckck nsok
flag th ds f'k"; gSa] ds ikl jgrs gSaA iafMr xq#pj.k flag th ds ,d lar
fd'ku flag th Bkdqj] ukud dqVh ukxiqj esa ;'k dk thou fcrk jgs gSaA
18 vkRe lfjrk

iafMr izse flag th ds ckn muds xq#HkkbZ lar eksgu flag th vkJe ds
egar cusA os dqN le; rd lsok djds ijyksd fl/kkj x,A muds ckn ia-
izse flag th ds psys lar fd'ku flag th vkJe dh xn~nh ij fojktsA os
Hktu&ikB cgqr djrs FksA fopkj lkxj vkSj nksuksa jkek;.kksa ds vPNs Kkrk
FksA fojDrksa tSlk lknk fyckl j[krs Fks ij LoHkko esa nqokZlk _f"k tSls FksA
fdlh lk/kq lar o xq#HkkbZ lar dks ;g fo'okl ugha Fkk fd eghuk nks eghuk
;gk¡ jg ldw¡xk fd ughaA mudh veynkjh esa LFkku dk cgqr uqdlku gqvkA
;s 18 o"kZ rd Msjs dh dhfrZ dks /kqa/kyk&lk :i nsdj ijyksd iz;k.k dj x,A
egar yky flag th dk tUe lu~ 1918 dks xzke /kqrdyka ftyk
gksf'k;kjiqj esa ljnkj thou flag ds ?kj gqvkA lu~ 1933 esa iafMr izse flag
th dh pj.k&'kj.k esa vk,A nks o"kZ vkJe dh vFkd lsok ds ckn iafMr th
us f'k"; cuk;kA pkj lky rd yxkrkj xq#nso ,oa vkJe dh lsok dhA
1930 esa eqyrku okys nsoiqjk vkJe esa lkr] vkB o"kZ lsok dhA ikfdLrku
cuus ls dqN fnu igys iwohZ iatkc esa vk x,A xzkeksa esa viuh Lora= dqfV;k
cukdj nok cwVh dk dke djrs jgs fQj cgqr dky Msjk ckck fe'kjk flag
th] egar gkde flag th dh N=Nk;k esa jgs vkSj eq[krkj&,&vke ds :i esa
lsok djrs jgsA
egar fd'ku flag th ds fu/ku ds ckn lu~ 1970 esa nsoiqjk vkJe ds
egar fu;qDr gq,A vki cgqr lqpk# <ax ls vkJe dk izca/k pyk jgs gSaA
viuh dq'ky lsok] mnkj&LoHkko vkSj izseiw.kZ crkZo ls lekt esa lEeku
lRdkj o ;'k izkIr dj jgs gSaA vkJe dh mUufr dj jgs gSaA
vkidk ,d f'k"; lar n'kZu flag gS tks vH;kxr lk/kq lar dh lRdkj&
iwoZd lsok djds lcdk Lusg ik= cuk gqvk gSA
q
vkRe lfjrk 19

rjax 5

ckck vkuan flag th eaMyh okys

egar ckck fe'kjkflag th ds rhljs izfl) f'k"; Fks&lar ckck vkuan flag
eaMyh okysA vkidk tUe fdlh us BDdjoky xzke dk fy[kk gSA egar n;ky
flag th ykgkSj okyksa us vcqiqjk dk fy[kk gS] ijarq okLro esa xzke dk uke
vcqiqjk ugha gS] vcqoky gS tks esjs tUe xzke jrksoky ftyk yqf/k;kuk ls
dsoy ,d dksl ds varj ij gSA vki 15 o"kZ dh vk;q esa ckck fe'kjk flag
th ds f'k"; gq,A iBu&ikBu esa vf/kd #fp ds dkj.k laLd`r ds vPNs
fo}ku~ cu x,A fojDr jg dj if'peh iatkc esa eaMyh cukdj lk/kq larksa
dks fo|k nku djrs jgsA ftyk >ax vkSj ef?k;kuk vkfn if'peh ftyksa esa
vkidh cgqr izfr"Bk Fkh] fQj Hkh vki fojDr jgs vkSj vius lsodksa ls Msjk
ckck fe'kjk flag dh lsok djkrs jgsA ckn esa egar jRu flag th ds lkFk
fdlh dkj.k erHksn gks tkus ls viuk LFkku ef?k;kuk esa cuk fy;k FkkA
vkids rhu f'k"; FksA lar esgj flag th o lar Hkksyk flag th ftudks yksx
^bZ'oj* uke ls ;kn djrs FksA ^bZ'oj th* egar jRu flag th ds ikl
ve`rlj esa gh jgrs FksA rhljs Kkuh ljksoj flag th ftudk ftØ fd;k tk
pqdk gSA
ckck vkuan flag vius cM+s psys esgj flag th dks LFkku dh egarh ns x,
FksA egar esgj flag th ds ijyksdokl gks tkus ij muds xq# HkkbZ lar Hkksyk
flag th ^bZ'oj*] xq#&LFkku ds egar cuk, x,A ^bZ'oj th* egkjkt vius
20 vkRe lfjrk

izeq[k f'k"; lar gfjHktu flag th dks viuh xn~nh dh nLrkj canh dj x,
FksA
lar gfjHktu flag th us ikfdLrku ls vkdj ^bZ'oj th* dh ;kn esa
jksgrd ¼gfj;k.kk½ esa lqanj LFkku cuk;kA mlds ckn fnYyh esa Hkh vkyh'kku
LFkku cuk;k gSA jksgrd esa vki cM+s iSekus ij lkykuk tksM+ esyk fd;k djrs
gSaA cgqr ls xq.kh Kkuh egkRekvksa ,oa fo}kuksa dks cqyk;k djrs gSaA HkDrtuksa
o flD[k laxrksa esa vki csgn eku lRdkj izkIr dj jgs gSaA
q
vkRe lfjrk 21

rjax 6

egar ckck cqM~<k flag th

Bkdqj th dh ijaijk :ih iquhr unh ds egku~ rjax Fks] egar ckck cqM~<k
flag th egkjktA bl HkkX;'kkyh egkiq#"k dk tUe xzke gYyksoky ft+yk
xq#nkl& iqj esa] ljnkj Qrsg flag th ds ?kj esa gqvk FkkA
[kkst iM+rky ls irk pyrk gS fd vkids ekrk&firk gj ekl vekoL;k
ds ikou volj ij Jh rju&rkju esa n'kZu&Luku djus tk;k djrs FksA
ekrk th ,d J)kyq nsoh FkhaA ;g xq#}kjk lkfgc dk n'kZu vkfn djds]
izk;% lRlax ds fy, Bkdqj n;ky flag th ds Msjs eas tk;k djrh FkhaA Bkdqj
th ds pj.kksa esa budh vVwV J)k FkhA dFkk okrkZ vkSj egkRekvksa ds mins'k
lquus dk mUgsa cgqr 'kkSd FkkA
ekrkvksa dks iq=ksa dh ykylk rks cuh gh jgrh gSA ,d ckj dFkk lqudj
eu esa cgqr vkuan gqvk] lks ekrk th us ladYi fd;k fd vkt HkDr&Hkkou
Hkxoku ls iq= dh nkr ds fy, vo'; fou; d:¡xhA rnuqlkj J)kifjiw.kZ
ân; ls fourh dh fd gs var;kZeh ! gs d#.kkfu/kku ! xq# ukud nso th ;fn
gekjs ?kj esa vkidh d`ik gks rks igyh larku Jh Bkdqj n;ky flag th ds
pj.kksa esa lkSai nw¡xhA gs xq# ukud nso ! esjs ?kj esa Hkh ,slk iq= jRu nks ftlds
eq[k ls Bkdqj th ds leku ve`r o"kkZ gqvk djs rks eSa viuk tUe lQy
le>waA lks&
tks ekxfg Bkdqj viqus rs lksbZ lksbZ nsoSAA ¼iUuk 681½
22 vkRe lfjrk

ds vuqlkj og ladYi iwjk gksus dk 'kqHk volj Hkh lehi vk x;kA os ;gh
mEehn ysdj ve`rlj vk,A n'kZu] Luku] lsok] Lej.k vkfn djds jkf= esa
czãKkuh ckck cqM~<k th dh csjh ds uhps lks x,A LoIu esa ckck cqM~<k th dk
n'kZu ekrk dks gqvk vkSj oj iznku gqvk fd tSlk rqeus ladYi fd;k gS oSlk
gh rqEgkjs ?kj esa iq= gksxkA mu ifo= opuksa ds QyLo#i laor~~ 1904 bZ- esa
muds ?kj oSlk gh iq= jRu izkIr gqvk tSlk pkgk FkkA vius ladYi ds
vuqlkj ekrk us og iq= jRu Bkdqj th ds pj.kksa esa viZ.k dj fn;kA Bkdqj
th dh vkKk ls] ckck cqM~<k th ds oj ls izkIr gksus ds dkj.k cPps dk
'kqHkuke cqM~<k flag j[kk x;kA cqM~<k flag th ds firk ljnkj Qrsg flag th
N% o"kZ ds iq= dks Bkdqj th ds pj.kksa esa viZ.k dj ?kj ykSV vk,A m/kj
Bkdqj th us cPps dks vius xq#HkkbZ ckck /keZ flag th lekf/k okyksa dh
lqiqnZxh esa ns fn;k vkSj dgk fd vki bls viuh pj.k lsok esa jf[k,] i<+kb,
vkSj vki gh bls fueZy er essa nhf{kr dhft,A Bkdqj th dh vkKk ls ckck
/keZ flag th us bUgsa i<+k;k vkSj nh{kk nsdj f'k"; cuk;kA
vkxs pydj Jh ckck /keZflag th ds ;gh f'k"; Jheku~ egar ckck cqM~<k
flag th ds uke ls fo[;kr gq,A
;g ifo= vkRek egku uhfroku] O;ogkjdq'ky] e/kqjHkk"kh] dq'ky
izca/kd] 'kkL= ds eeZK vkSj gtkjksa ds J)kHkktu HkkX;oku izfl) egkiq#"k
FksA xq#?kj dh fo|k eas ikjaxr gksdj vkius dk'kh tkdj laLd`r dk i;kZIr
v/;;u fd;kA mPp dksfV ds oDrk gksus ds lkFk&lkFk vR;ar dk;Z&dq'ky
O;fDr FksA bUgha xq.kksa ds dkj.k vki fueZy v[kkM+k ds lfpo cuk, x, vkSj
fQj dkykarj esa jEer v[kkM+k ds eqf[k;k egar fu;r gq,A ns'k&ns'kkarj esa
?kwedj v[kkM+s dh izfr"Bk c<+kdj [;kfr izkIr dhA
fla/k izkar rks vkids uke dk nhokuk FkkA lgL=ksa izk.kh vki ls uke
vkRe lfjrk 23

ve`r ihdj vkRe dY;k.k ds Lo.kZ&iFk ij pydj ekuo thou lQy dj

x,A gtkjksa us feF;k&Hkk"k.k] O;kikj esa Bxh] 'kjkc vkfn ds nqxqZ.kksa dks
NksM+dj lR; /keZ dk ozr fy;kA

Jheku egar cqM~<k flag th egkjkt laLFkkid fueZy vkJe _f"kds'k

vkius xq#ok.kh ds dhrZu dk Hkh cgqr izpkj fd;kA ekSr ds eq¡g esa iM+s
gq, vusd jksxh vkids vk'khokZn ls iw.kZ LoLFk gks x,A dqN ,d J)kyqvksa ds
?kj vkids vk'khokZn ls iq= Hkh iSnk gq,A lgL=ksa us vki ls uke mins'k
fy;kA lSdM+ksa ve`r&iku djds ds'k/kkjh flD[k ljnkj Hkh cusA vki HkDrksa
24 vkRe lfjrk

esa vfr J)k dh n`f"V ls ns[ks tkrs FksA vkids }kjk lR;/keZ dk Hkjiwj izpkj
gqvkA vki ,d nwjn'khZ] mnkj&psrk egkiq#"k FksA vki gj lar egkRek dk
ân; ls Lokxr djrs FksA gj fdlh ds lkFk vkidk I;kj o ln~orkZo FkkA
vkidk e/kqj okrkZyki gj fdlh ds ân; dks 'kkafr iznku djrk FkkA gj le;
vki 'kkar fpÙk jgrsA dqN u dqN dFkk okrkZ lqukrs gh jgrs FksA vkidk
thou ,d lQy thou FkkA
lcls igys vkius _f"kds'k esa fueZy vkJe uke ls ,d LFkku LFkkfir
fd;k] nwljk fueZy ckx du[ky o rhljk laxr Kku xqQk dk'khA vkids
lHkh LFkkuksa esa Hktu] Lej.k] ikB&iwtk vkfn /kkfeZd e;kZnk cjkcj py jgh
gSA lHkh LFkku mUufr ds iFk ij vxzlj gks jgs gSaA lHkh lqanj lqpk: vkSj
n'kZuh; gSaA
vkids yxHkx 19-20 f'k"; Fks ftuesa ls fuEu egkuqHkkoksa ds uke
mYys[kuh; gSa&
(1) ije lar vo/kwr t;ey flag th] egku~ riLoh vkSj Hktukuanh
fo}ku~ Fks ijarq nqHkkZX; ls egkjkt ds lkeus gh vki ijyksdoklh gks x,A
(2) egar vkRek flag th ftUgsa vkius viuk mÙkjkf/kdkjh egar fu;r
fd;kA
(3) lar eku flag th tks vkids lgdkjh miegar cuk, x,A
(4) lar fuDdk flag th egku~ fo}ku~] dFkkdkj] oDrk] egkR;kxh]
fojDr vkSj ohrjkx egkiq#"k FksA lgL=ksa J)kyqvksa dks uke nku nsdj
lUekxZ ij yxk;kA fueZy vkJe ds ;'k dks c<+kus esa vkidk cgqr cM+k gkFk
gSA "kM~n'kZu lk/kq lekt esa lokZf/kd vknj dh n`f"V ls ns[ks tkrs gSaA vkids
HkDrksa us vkids uke ij dbZ txg dqfV;k o vkJe cuk fn, gSa tks lqpk:
:i ls py jgs gSaA
vkRe lfjrk 25

Jheku 108 fojDr f'kjkse.kh czáfu"B] iwT;ikn]

fojDr lar fuDdk flag th egkjkt

(5) Kkuh lar nsok flag th ds cgqr ls fla/kh HkDr Fks tks vkidh lsok
dk cgqr /;ku j[krs FksA vkius ^njckj lkfgc^ ve`rlj esa lksuk yxokus
dh lsok dhA
(6) "kM~'kkL=h fo}ku~ vtqZu flag th rFkk fHk{kq thA Kkuh cyoar flag
th] lar [khou flag th] lar lsok flag th] lar djrkj flag th vkfn ik¡pksa
gh ijyksdoklh gks x, gSaA
Ckkck cqM~<k flag th us lu~ 1932 esa lar vkRek flag th ds uke
olh;r dj nh FkhA ijes'oj dh vkKk vuqlkj 15 v'kkSt laor~~ 1994 esa
lk;a 8 ctdj 15 feuV ij fueZy ckx du[ky esa czãyhu gks x,A
q
26 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 7

lar vkRek flag

Ekkyos ¼nf{k.k iatkc½ ds e#LFky dh fo"ke Hkwfe esa lk¡i dh rjg cy
[kkrh gqbZ Vs<+h&es<+h ixMaMh ij xaHkhj pky ls pyk tk jgk gS ,d dksbZ
fd'kksj ckyd] ftldh vk;q rsjg ls lksyg ds chp gSA ckY;koLFkk esa gh
'kjhj dk xBu lqn`<+ gSA jax xsgq¡vka] vk¡[ksa dqN NksVh vkSj eLrd Å¡pk gSA
psgjs ls Vidrk gqvk Hkksykiu crk jgk gS fd ;g lqanj fd'kksj fdlh ifo=
ifjokj dk lnL; gSA lknk os'k] /kksrh&dqrkZ] ixM+h ,d gkFk esa ckal dh
iryh&lh NM+h vkSj nwljs esa eqjknkcknh yksVkA ;g fdlh dh vksj ugha ns[krk
ij ifFkd bls foLe; dh utjksa ls ns[k jgs gSa fd vkf[kj dkSu gS ;g vuwBk
ckyd\ vkSj dgk¡ tk jgk gS ;g nzqrxfr ls\ dksbZ dgrk gS fd ?kj ls ukjkTk
gksdj fudyk gksxkA fdlh ds fopkj esa ;g nwjLFk fj'rsnkjh esa tk jgk gSA
fdlh dk vuqeku Fkk fd lk/kq cu tkus dh bPNk ls fudyk gS ?kj ls] ij
blds lw{ere varLry esa D;k fNik gS bldk irk fdlh dks ughaA
cSlk[kh dk R;ksgkj lehi vk jgk gS] clar _rq dk ;g vkf[kjh esyk
vusd LFkkuksa esa yxrk gSA Jh nenek lkfgc dk ;g jk"Vªh; esyk ns[kus ds
fy, bl jkLrs ls lgL=ksa ;k=h tk;k djrs gSa vkSj bl o"kZ Hkh tk jgs gSa]
ftuesa vfr vn~Hkqr xaHkhj LoHkko dk ;g fd'kksj Hkh tk jgk gS] tks u fdlh
ls ckr djrk gS u fdlh dh vksj ns[krk gh gS] ij og fQj Hkh lcdh utjksa
dk dsanz cu jgk gSA
vkRe lfjrk 27

pw¡fd ml le; fdlh lokjh dk izca/k ugha Fkk] vr% nwj&nwj ds n'kZukFkhZ
dqN fnu igys gh ;k=k vkjaHk dj nsrs FksA dksbZ viuh fj'rsnkjh esa iM+ko
djrk gqvk pyrk rks dksbZ jkLrs ds xq#}kjksa esa Bgj dj tkrkA lHkh lk/kq]
egkRek vkSj larksa ds vkJeksa esa iM+ko djrs gq, tkrs Fks] ijarq bl lqdqekj
fd'kksj dh u ekxZ&lehiLFk xzke esa fj'rsnkjh] u fdlh ls tku igpku] ij
,d Hkxoku dh Vsd j[k dj tk jgk gS fdlh ifo= mn~ns'; dks ân; esa
ysdjA fdlh us Bhd gh dgk gS &
Xkqejkgh [kqn gS eaftys edlwn dh jguqekA
f[ktj fey tkrs gaS ftUgsa jkLrk feyrk ugha A
bl dFku vuqlkj] fudVLFk lar vkJe ds ,d lk/kq tks lk;a Hkze.kkFkZ
fudys Fks lkeus vk x,A mUgkasus ccwy o`{k ds uhps fuf'par [kM+s ckyd dks
ns[kk vkSj n;k ds o'khHkwr gksdj cksys csVk! dgk¡ tkuk pkgrk gS\ mÙkj eas
ckyd us fouhr Loj esa dgk&nenek lkfgc ds n'kZu ds fy, tk jgk gw¡]
egkjktA ij Ckkyd og rks cgqr nwj gSA ;gk¡ ls vHkh nks fnu dk jkLrk gSA
py esjs lkFk],d ehy ij egkRekvksa dk vkJe gS] Okgk¡ jkr dkV dj losjs
vius xarO; LFkku dks pys tkukA
fouhr LOkHkko ds ckyd us egkRek ds vkns'k dks Lohdkj djrs gq,
dgk&egkjkt ! tks vkKkA
BaMh Ck¡wnkck¡nh esa HkhXkrs gq, nksuksa ckyw dk ,d Å¡pk Vhyk ikj dj Xkzke
HkqPpks egkRek dh dqfV;k esa igq¡ps bl ds ikLk gh ,d xgjk rkykCk [kksn dj
ml feêh ls ;g cgqr Å¡pk LFkku cuk;k Xk;k gS ftlesa ccwy] csjh lHkh o`{k
vkSj tM+ djhj ds isM+ yXks gq, gSa ftu ij CkSBs eksj vkXkr HkDrksa dk e/kqjre
Loj ls LOkkXkr djrs gSaA bruk gh ugha çR;qr vkjrh ds le; j.kfla?kk
?kfM+;ky vkSj 'ka[kkfn dh /ofu ds lkFk Loj feykdj vkjrh&iwtu esa larkas
28 vkRe lfjrk

dks iwjk lg;ksx nsrs gSaA bl Å¡ps LFkku ds e/; Hkkx esa fl) ;ksxh egkRek
gjuke flag th egkjkt dh dqfV;k cuh gqbZ gSA lar egkRek vkSj HkDrksa ds
fy, vyx&vyx dejs o >ksifM+;ka cuh gqbZ gSaA
;gk¡ ds lar ckck gjuke flag th #ehokys okd~ flf) ds Lokeh gSaA muds
eq[kkjfoan ls fudyk izR;sd opu iwjk gksrk gS] ,slk izkar ds yksxksa dk iw.kZ
fo'okl gSA
vkjrh iwtuksijkar vkJe ds lHkh larkas us vkdj futkuan esa eXu] fl)
;ksxh lar gjuke flag th ds pj.k Nq, vkSj bl vkxarqd ckyd us HkhA ;ksxh
egkiq#"k us nkfguk gkFk mBkdj lcdks ewd vk'khokZn fn;kA blds ckn lc
larksa us feydj Hkkstu ik;kA
Hkkstuksijkar Ckkyd lkspus yXkk fd ,sls fl)iq#"k ds fnO; n'kZu gks tkus
ij Hkh D;k vius mn~ns'; esa lQyrk feyus esa lansg fd;k tk ldrk gS\
ugha ! vius mn~ns'; esa lQyrk vo'; feysXkhA bl fo'okl dks varj ân;
esa ysdj ckyd lks Xk;kA izkr% pkj cts ?kaVh Ckth rks lc larksa us mB dj
Lukukfn fd;k vkSj Hktu fparu esa cSB x,A izkr% nks lk/kq tkdj Xkzke ls
uedhu feLlh jksfV;ka vkSj yLLkh ¼eV~Bks½ ys vk,A fdlh us ,d fdlh us nks
jksfV;ka [kkb±A [kkus ihus ds ckn lc ifFkd vius&vius xarO; LFkkuksa dks
jokuk gq,A ckyd ;k=h us pyus Lks igys egkRek ds n'kZu djuk mfpr
le>kA ogk¡ tk dj mlus ns[kk fd cgqr ls izkFkhZ vius&vius euksjFkksa dh
flf) ds fy, oj ekax jgs gSaA ijarq os eLr egkRek fdlh dk euksjFk iwjk
gksus dk opu ns nsrs gSa vkSj fdlh dks Mk¡V&QVdkj nsrs gSaA Mj ds ekjs nqckjk
cksyus dk lkgl dksbZ ugha djrk D;ksafd ,slk djus ls myVk 'kki gks tkus dk
Hk; FkkA vr% lHkh yksx pqipki opu lqudj pys tkrs Fks ij ;g Ckkyd rks
fu"dke FkkA bls dksbZ pkgr ugha Fkh] dsoy n'kZu dh bPNk ls gh vk;k Fkk
vkRe lfjrk 29

;gk¡] lks pj.k Li'kZ dj pqipki cSB x;k fcuk dksbZ loky fd,A egkiq#"k
cksys&dgk¡ tkvksxs csVk\ egkjkt eSa nenek lkfgc n'kZu&Luku ds fy, tk
jgk g¡w] ckyd us vfr fouhr Loj esa dgk vkSj ikl cSB Xk;kA egkRek ds eu
esa u tkus D;k vk;k] os vfr izlUu eqnzk esa Fks] vr% mu ds eq[kkjfoan ls
okrkoj.k dks vkuane;h cukrh gqbZ Xkq#ok.kh dh ,d iafDr fudyh&
bNk iwjdq ljc lq[knkrk gfj tk dS ofl gS dke/ksukAA ¼iUuk 669½
cksys&csVk tkvks rqEgkjs lc euksjFk iwjs gksaxs] vius mn~ns'; esa rqEgas lQyrk
feysxhA vkns'k gksrs gh lc izkFkhZ ckgj vk x,A ;g ckyd izHkq dk /kU;okn
lfgr fparu djrk gqvk jkLrs esa feys lar th ds ikl x;k vkSj mlus vkxs
pyus dh vkKk ek¡xh] ij mudks rks ljy LoHkkOk ds dkj.k bl ckyd ij
vfr Lusg Fkk] vr% d#.kk Hkjs Loj esa Ckksys&ugha csVk] ,sls ugha jkLrk
Hk;adj gSA rqEgsa Hkw[k yxsxh vkSj rqEgsa fdlh ls ek¡xuk ughaA vr% lkFk esa nks
pkj jksfV;k¡ ysrs tkvks] tgk¡ Hkw[k yxs [kk ysukA ij ckyd ds eu eas rks
/keZ&j{kd xq# xksfOkan flag th ds ikou pj.k Li'kZ ls ifo= gqbZ Hkwfe ds n'kZu
dh ykylk Fkh vkSj fpÙk esa Fkk izHkq I;kjs dk fparu] vr% Vky eVksy djuh
pkgh ij n;kyq egkRek us pkj jksfV;k¡ vkSj Msyksa ¼djhj ds Qyksa½ dk vpkj
Ckk¡/k fn;kA bl izdkj izHkq ds fo/kku ds vuqlkj fCkuk ;Ru Ckkyd dk ;ksx {kse
gksrk x;kA
Hkxoku us dgk gS&
vuU;kf'pUr;Urks% eka ;a tuk%i;qZikLrsAA
rs"kka fuR;kfHk;qäkuka ;ksx{ksea ogkE;ge~AA ¼Hkxon~xhrk½
CkM+h HkqPpks uked xk¡o] HkfVaMk ls vkB ehy dh nwjh ij fLFkr gS] tgk¡ ls ;g
izHkq&iszeh] egkRekvksa dh izlUurk vkSj vk'khokZn ysdj vkxs ds fy, jokuk
gqvk gSA
30 vkRe lfjrk

mRlkgiw.kZ ân; ls lqdqekj fd'kksj us vkxs ds fy, izLFkku fd;kA rhl

ehy dk jkLrk r; djds ,d xq#}kjs esa Lkw;kZLr ds ckn ig¡qpkA ogk¡ ,d
fo}ku~ egkRek Bgjs gq, FksA os izfrfnu xq#ok.kh dh dFkk fd;k djrs FksA
mudh dFkk lqudj Jksrkx.k vkuan foHkksj gks tkrsA bl ckyd dks Hkh mudh
dFkk lquus dk lqvolj izkIr gqvkA ml fnu xq# rsx Ckgknqj th ds
fuEukafdr 'kCn dh dFkk vkjaHk gqbZ&
lksjB Ekgyk 9
1 vksadkj lfrxqj izlkfnAA
js eu jke flm dfj izhfrAA
lzou xksfcan xquq lqum v# xkm jluk xhfrAA 1AA jgkmAA
dfj lk/klaxfr fle# ek/kks gksfg ifrr iqUkhrAA
dkyq fCkvkyq ftm ifjvks MksyS eq[kq ilkjs ehrAA 1AA
vktq dkfy Qqfu rksfg xzfl gS lef> jk[km phfrAA
dgS ukudq jkeq Hkft yS tkrq vml# chrAA 2AA 1AA ¼iUuk 631½
mDr 'kCn dh O;k[;k fo}ku~ egkRek us Ckgqr gh oSjkX;iw.kZ jhfr ls dhA bl
Ckkyd lfgr fdrus gh Jksrkx.k oSjkX; ls jksus yxsA lkspk fd nqfu;k ds
inkFkksZa ds eksg esa Q¡ldj euq"; ekuo&thou dks O;FkZ x¡ok jgk gSA /ku&/kkU;
vkfn tks fd LoxZ ds lk/ku Fks] mudk vuqfpr iz;ksx dj mUgsa ujd dk
lk/ku cuk jgk gS] HkkbZ Cka/kq vkReh; tuksa ds tky esa Q¡ldj ukuk fOkf/k ds
uhp deZ djrk gS vkSj ifj.kke LOk:i ckjaCkkj ujdkfXu esa tyrk&ejrk
jgrk gSA ftu iq= ikS=kfn ds okLrs dqdeZ djds /kukfn dk laxzg djrk gS]
o`)koLFkk ds xM~<s esa fxj tkus ij os gh blds 'k=q cudj bls dqÙks dh rjg
Mk¡Vrs&QVdkjrs jgrs gSa fdrus vk'p;Z dh ckr gS fd tkurk&cw>rk gqvk
Hkh euq"; dq,¡ esa fxjrk gSA lar dCkhj us CkM+k vPNk dgk gS&
vkRe lfjrk 31

dCkhj euq tkuS lHk ckr tkur gh vmxuq djSAA

dkgs dh dqlykr gkfFk nhiq dw, ijSAA ¼iUuk 1376½
ftl nkSyr dks ;g esjh&esjh dgdj [kqnh dh feêh esa tyrk jgrk gS] mldk
QSlyk ekSr dk Qfj'rk ,d gh >Vds esa dj Mkyrk gSA dchj th djkjh pksV
djrs gq, dgrs gSa&
lwefg /kuq jk[ku dm nhvk eqx/kq dgS /kuq esjkAA
te dks MaMq ewaM efg YkkxS f[ku efg djS fuCksjkAA ¼iUuk 479-480½
bl fOk"k; ij egkRek us CkM+h gh eukseqX/kdkjh vk[;kf;dk,a lqukbaZ] ftUgsa
lqudj vU; Jksrk vkSj bl Ckkyd dk ifo= ân; OkSjkX; dh Hkkouk ls
yCkkYkCk Hkj x;k A tks igys fdlh ds cgdkus ls dHkh eu Mksy tkrk Fkk fd
?kj dks NksM+ dj b/kj&m/kj HkVduk cqf)eÙkk dh ckr ughaA izR;{k fn[k jgs
lqanj lalkj dks NksM+dj] dHkh u fn[kus okys dsoy diksy dfYir lq[kksa dh
izkfIr gsrq nq%[k mBkrs gq, taxyksa esa HkVduk ew[kZrk ds flok vkSj dqN ugha gS]
bR;kfn nqHkkZouk,a ges'kk ds fy, ân; ls fudy xbZaA bl izdkj oSjkX; vkSj
izse ifjiw.kZ ân; ysdj 'kqdnso tSlk ftKklq ;g dqekj] ;gk¡ ls vkxs py
iM+kA tgk¡ bldk xarO; rhFkZ Jh nenek lkfgc gSA iPphl ehy dk jkLrk
r; djds ;g esys ls rhu fnu igys ;kuh 11 vizSy 29 pS= laor~~ 1954
dks ikou /kke Jh nenek lkfgc igq¡p x;kA ;gk¡ dV~Vsokys egkRek ds Msjs esa
q
bls jgus ds fy, vPNh txg fey xbZA
32 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 8

Jh nenek lkfgc
iwoksZDr LFkku dk uke nenek D;ksa iM+k\ rhFkZ ds :iesa bldh ekU;rk
D;ksa gksus yxh\ bldks bruk egRo feyus dk dkj.k D;k gS\ izdj.ko'k bu
lc ckrksa dk mÙkj nsuk vko';d gSA vr% ge ikBdksa dks ikSus rhu lkS o"kZ
igys chr pqdh ?kVukvksa dk fnXn'kZu djk nsuk Bhd le>rs gSaA
lu~ 1700 bZloh dh ckr gS] vkuaniqj ds eSnku esa uhys ?kksM+s ij lokj
xq# xksfoanflag th lUu) 'kkgh lsuk ds lkeus [kM+s gSaA 'kkgh lsuk dk
lsukifr ik;ans [kku] ftldk lkjk cnu QkSyknh onhZ ls <dk gqvk gS] dsoy
dku&vk¡a[k uaxs gSa lkeus yydkj jgk gS] mUeÙk gkFkh ds leku fpa?kkM+ jgk
gSA uj'kknwZy xq# xksfoan ds lkeus] og erokyk gkFkh ujdsljh ds ,d gh
>iV~Vs ls] ;kuh igys gh ck.k ls tks dku esa yxk Fkk /kjk'kk;h gks x;kA lkjh
QkSt flj ij iSj j[kdj Hkkx [kM+h gqbZA rhu yM+kbvksa esa 'kkgh lsuk vkSj
ioZrh; ujs'kksa dh la;qDr lsuk,a blh izdkj eSnku NksM+dj Hkkxrh jghaA pkSSFkh
tax tks 1704 esa gqbZ jktkvksa vkSj 'kkgh tjuSyksa dh dleksa ij fo'okl dj]
xq#th us vkuaniqj dk fdyk NksM+ fn;kA fo'okl?kkr dj bu yksxksa us ihNs ls
geyk dj fn;kA bl ;q) esa xq#th dk cgqr uqdlku gqvkA dsoy pkyhl
ohj flD[kksa ds lkFk xq#th us pedkSj dh dPph x<+h esa vkJ; fy;kA bls
'k=qvksa dh nl yk[k lsuk us ?ksjk Mky fn;kA bl ;q) esa xq#th ds cM+s
lkfgct+kns ckck vthr flag] ckck tq>kj flag ohjxfr dks izkIr gq,A 37
vkRe lfjrk 33

ohj flD[k 'kghn gks x, ij xq# xksfoan flag th 'ks"k cps flD[kksa ds vkxzg
ls] jkf= ds le;] ;g flag ukn djrs gq, fd ihjs fgan esa jon] jkf= ds va/ksjs
esa xk;c gks x,A ;g yM+kbZ 22 fnlacj lu~ 1704 esa gqbZA
eqDrlj dh vksj
;gk¡ ls xq#th ekNhokM+k] vkyexhj] yEestV~V~iwjk vkfn xzkeksa ls gksrs
gq, nhus dkaxM+ esa ?kkyhoky ljnkjksa&'kehj vkSj y[kehj ds ikl dqN dky
#dsA ;gha ls xq#nso us vkSjaxt+sc ds uke Qkjlh esa fpV~Bh fy[kh tks fd
^t+Qjukek* ds uke ls e'kgwj gSA ;gk¡ yxHkx nks ekg jgsA bls f[knjk.ks dh
<ko] iq[kjk tksgM+ Hkh dgrs gaSA ;gk¡ ij 'kkgh lsukvksa us othn [kka dh deku
esa ikuh dh txg ij dCtk djus ds fy, geyk fd;k FkkA ;gk¡ ls dqN nwjh
ij pkyhl ohj flD[kksa us mUgsa jksdk vkSj th rksM+ eqdkcyk fd;kA ij
vkf[kj pkyhl toku pkyhl gtkj dk eqdkcyk dgk¡ rd djrsA vusd
nq'euksa dks ekSr ds ?kkV mrkj dj lEeq[k tw>rs gq, 'kghn gks x,A b/kj
xq#th us Å¡ps LFkku ij cSB dj Ckk.k o"kkZ vkjaHk dj nhA xq# th vkSj muds
ohj lSfudksa ds rhjksa dh ckSNkj ds lkeus fVd lduk vLkaHko ns[k dj 'kkgh
QkStsa Hkkx [kM+h gqbaZ vkSj eSnku xq# th ds gkFk jgkA
njvly os ikuh ds bl lkefjd egRo okys LFkku dks gfFk;k dj o bls
dsanz cuk dj xq# th dk ihNk dj mUgas idM+uk pkgrs FksA ijarq mUgksaus djkjh
gkj [kkbZA fQj eqM+dj ihNs ns[kus dh Hkh fgEer u gqbZ vkSj ges'kk ds fy,
ihNk NksM+ x,A
tks pkyhl flD[k ;ks)k lEeq[k yM+rs gq, 'kghn gq, Fks] mUgsa xq# th us
eqDr iq#"kksa dh inoh iznku dh vkSj ml txg dk uke eqDrlj j[kk tks
vkxs pydj flD[k lekt dk cM+k rhFkZ cu x;kA ;gk¡ gj o"kZ edj&laØkafr
ds fnu esyk yxrk gSA ;gk¡ cus ljksoj eas ek?k laØkafr ds fnu Luku gksrk gSA
34 vkRe lfjrk

'kk;n blh LFkku dks ut+jksa ds lkeus j[k dj fdlh 'kk;j us Ckgqr [kwCk dgk
gS&
'kghnksa dh fprkvksa ij yxsaxs gj cjl esysA
oru ij feVus okyksa dk ;gh ckdh fu'kka gksxkA
;gk¡ ls fQjkstiqj vkfn uxjkas ls gksrs gq, xq#nso lkcks dh ryoaMh xzke
esa igq¡psA xq#th ds cSBus ds fy, Å¡pk pcwrjk cuk;k x;kA cl rc ls
bldk uke nenek iM+ x;kA ;gka¡ xq#th dh ;kn esa gj o"kZ cSlk[kh ¼es"k
laØkafr½ ij Hkkjh esyk gksrk gSA ;g ftyk HkfVaMk dk Hkkjh e#LFky FkkA
;gk¡ xq# xksfoan flag th ,d o"kZ rd jgsA ;gha ij xq#nso us vkfn Jh
xq#&xzaFk lkfgc dk nwljk laLdj.k rS;kj fd;kA vki mPpkj.k djrs x,
vkSj HkkbZ ef.k flag th fy[krs x,A blds vuarj ;gha ij lc flD[kksa dks
vFkksZa lfgr i<+k;kA ;gha ls Jh xq# xzaFk lkfgc ds vFkksZa lfgr iBu&ikBu
dh ijaijk pyhA ;gha ij xq# th us] xq#&xzaFk lkfgc dks vFkksZa lfgr i<+kus
okyksa dks Kkuh dh inoh iznku dhA fy[kus ls tks L;kgh ¼jks'kukbZ½ cph] og
,d NksVs ls iks[kj esa Mky nh] mldk uke fy[kulj gqvkA bl iznku dh gqbZ
fo'ks"krkvksa ds dkj.k xq#th us bl LFkku dk uke xq# dh dk'kh j[kkA
Ckl xq# xksfoan ds ikou pj.k Li'kZ ls ;g ty foghu e#LFky egkrhFkZ
LFkku cu x;kA vCk ;gk¡ cMs+&cM+s vusd xq#}kjs] ljksoj] ckx&cxhps
ygygk jgs gSaA ,d dkWyst Hkh gSA
;gha ls xq#th us vkxjk jktLFkku gksrs gq, ukansM+ ¼gt+wj lkfgc½ ds fy,
izLFkku fd;k FkkA
q
vkRe lfjrk 35

rjax 9

,d fuokZ.k vkJe dh vksj

blh iwoksZDr rhFkZ LFkku ij pfj=&uk;d og fd'kksj ckyd n'kZu Luku
ds fy, vk;k gSA bruk gh ugha izR;qr og vk/;kfRed thou dk ekxZ <w¡<us
vk;k gSA blh ls og lk/kq egkRekvkas ds LFkkuksa esa tkdj dFkk dhrZukfn Jo.k
djrk jgrk gSA
;gk¡ Luku vkSj lRlax ds fy, cgqr ls lk/kq lar Hkh i/kkjk djrs gSaA ,sls
gh ,d fuokZ.k lk/kq ds lkFk bldk ifjp; gks x;kA og bls N% lkr dksl dh
nwjh ij fLFkr] vius LFkku ij ys x;kA mlds xq# Hkh ,d vPNs egkRek Fks
tks /kwuh ij cSBs lekf/k esa rYyhu jgrs FksA mUgsa xq# cukus dh bPNk bl
ckyd ds fny eas Hkh iSnk gqbZ ijarq ml jkf= dks ,d nSoh ?kVuk ?kfVr gqbZ
ftlus gd ds eqRyk'kh bl ckyd ds fopkj dks cny MkykA ;g LFkku Hkkxh
ckanj xzke gS tks ftyk HkfVaMk esa gSA
vk/kh jkr chr pqdh FkhA yxHkx ,d nks cts dk le; gksxk] bl ckyd
us LoIu ns[kk fd ftl isM+ ds uhps og lks jgk gS mldh tM+ ds fcy esa ls
fudy dj lQsn jax dk ,d yack lk¡i bldh [kkV ds ikl vk;k vkSj viuk
Hk;adj Qu QSykdj QqaQdkjus yxkA blls Mj dj ckyd dh vk¡[k [kqyhA
rc tkx`r voLFkk esa Hkh mlus lkeus QqaQdkjrs gq, liZ dks ns[kk] ij og
rqjar ljd dj fcy esa pyk x;kA
bl Hk;adj LoIu ds ckn ckyd dks uhan ugha vkbZA izkr% dkyhu
36 vkRe lfjrk

Lukukfn d`R; ds vuarj ,d lk/kq ds ikl blus jkr dh ?kVuk dk ftØ

fd;kA og lk/kq oSjkxh Fkk tks v;ks/;k dh vksj ls iatkc ds rhFkZ&LFkkukas dh
;k=k ds fy, vk;k FkkA og vPNk i<+k&fy[kk Hkh Fkk] fo'ks"k dj T;ksfr"k dk
vPNk tkudkj FkkA gLr&js[kk ns[kh vkSj psgjs dks Hkh xkSj ls ns[kk vkSj cksyk
csVk! rsjk HkkX; mn; gksus okyk gSA ;g liZ dksbZ bPNk /kkjh ;ksxh yxrk gS
ftlus izlUu gksdj rq>s gh ugha cfYd rqEgkjh rdnhj dks Hkh txk;k gSA
vxj ;g lk/kkj.k lk¡i Hkh gS rks Hkh lQsn lk¡i dk n'kZu 'kqHk gSA bldk
n'kZu rsjs ykSfdd vkSj vk/;kfRed vH;qn; dk lwpd gSA vc rw ;gk¡ ls
mÙkj fn'kk dks okil ykSV tkA rsjs fy, mÙkj fn'kk vf/kd QynkbZ gSSA cgqr
laHko gS mÙkj fn'kk esa iatkc ds vanj gh rq>s iw.kZ xq# dk Hkh feyki gks tk,A
csVk rsjs HkkX; esa jkt;ksx gS& ;g rsjh js[kkvksa ls fofnr gksrk gS ij rsjk iw.kZ
HkkX; mn; mÙkjk[kaM esa gh gksxkA rsjh gLr js[kk ls eq>s ,slk gh vkHkkl
feyrk gSA
uksV& ;g iwoksZDr lar LFkku xzke Hkkxh ckanj esa gS tks nenek lkfgc ls
lkr vkB ehy dh nwjh ij fLFkr gSA
q
vkRe lfjrk 37

rjax 10

iqu% mÙkj dh vksj

lk/kq ds opuksa ij fo'okl dj ljy LoHkko dk og ckyd mÙkj fn'kk
dh vksj #[k djds py iM+kA dbZ ,d eaftykas dks r; dj ds og eksxk ftyk
fQjkstiqj ds ut+nhd fla?kkokyk xzke esa vk fVdkA
bl xzke ds xq#}kjk esa NksVk lk laxhr fo|ky; FkkA ;gk¡ ij vf/kdrj
us=foghu fo|kFkhZ laxhr ladhrZu vkfn lh[krs Fks vkSj ;gk¡ FkksM+h cgqr
iatkch Hkh i<+kbZ tkrh FkhA ;gk¡ ;g ckyd Hkh vU; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh lsok djrk
gqvk dhrZuksi;ksxh rcyk] gkjeksfu;e vkfn lh[kus yxk ij D;ksafd us=ghu
fo|kFkhZ cgqr papy] ogeh] Øks/kh vkSj lkFk gh 'kjkjrh Hkh cgqr gksrs gSa] os
bl ljy ckyd ls dke cgqr ysrs vkSj fl[kkrs cgqr de FksA vkf[kj blus
le> fy;k fd ;gka¡ ls dqN gkfly gksus okyk ugha gSA vkf[kj ,d lk/kq ogk¡
Hkh bldh lgk;rk ds fy, vk fudykA mlus ns[kk fd ;s va/ks bldks cgqr
ijs'kku djrs gSa vkSj fl[kkrs dqN Hkh ughaA ;gka¡ rks bldk vewY; le; ;ksa
gh fudy tk,xk A ;gk¡ bu va/kksa ds rcys oxSjg mBkus esa gh xq.kksiktZu
djus dh voLFkk dks [kks nsxkA mlus lykg nh fd eksxk ds if'pe dh vksj
HkkbZ dh MjkSyh] xzke esa fueZy v[kkM+s dh tekr vkbZ gqbZ gS] mlesa dhrZu
djus okys vPNs jkxh Hkh gSa vkSj dFkk djus okys fo}ku~ egkRek HkhA pyks
ogha dqN fnu lRlax dk ykHk izkIr djsaxsA
q
38 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 11

>kykxs mfB ukeq tfi

fopkj fofue; djrs&djrs ;g bjknk ;dhu esa cny x;k fd dy
vo'; pyuk gSA Hkkstuksijkar ;gh fopkj djrs&djrs lkss x;kA jkf= ds pkj
cts bl lks, gq, ckyd dks dejs esa xw¡trh gqbZ vkokt lqukbZ nh
>kyk?ks mfB ukeq tfi fufl cklqj vkjkf/kAA
dkgjk rq>S u fcvkibZ ukud feVS mikf/kAA ¼iUuk 255½
lks;k ckyd pkSad dj mB cSBk vkSj lkspus yxk&fd 'kk;n xq# ukud us
esjs fy, vkns'k fn;k gS fd eSa ;ksa gh lks&lks dj jkrsa u fcrkÅaA Hktu fparu
djds ekuo&thou dks lQy cukus dk ;Ru d#aA rnqijkar mlus mB dj
'kkSp Lukukfn dj ftruh ok.kh daBLFk Fkh mldk ikB fd;kA blds ckn
vklk dh okj dk dhrZu lquus gsrq xq#}kjk lkfgc pyk x;kA vklk dh okj
dh lekfIr ij jkfx;ksa us xq# vtqZu nso dk fuEufyf[kr 'kCn] izHkqizse esa
eXu gksdj xk;kA ;Fkk&
tSrljh egyk 5AA
gfj tu flejgq fgjnS jkeAA
gfj tu dm vink fudfV u vkoS iwju nkl ds dkeAA 1AA jgkmAA
dksfV fc?ku fculfg gfj lsok fugpyq xksfon /kkeAA
Hkxoar Hkxr dm Hkm fdNq ukgh vkn# nsor tkeAA 1AA
Rkft xksiky vku tks dj.kh lksbZ lksbZ fculr [kkeAA
Pkju dey fgjnS xgq ukud lq[k lewg fcljkeAA 2AA ¼iUuk 702½
vkRe lfjrk 39

bl euksgj xhr dks lqu dj ckyd ds LoPN ân; esa izHkq&HkfDr ds Hkko
vkSj Hkh ifjiDo gks x,A
izkr% pk;&ikukfn ds vuarj ckyd us jkf= dh ?kVuk] vius leku
fopkj okys lk/kq dks lqukbZ rks mlds vk'p;Z dk fBdkuk u jgkA blh
vk'p;Ze;koLFkk esa mlds ân; esa Hkh HkfDr&Hkko ds vadqj mRiUu gks x,A
blh dkj.k ls vkxs pyus dh mRdaBk vkSj Hkh rhoz gks mBhA QyLo:Ik nksuksa
lkFkh] HkkbZ dh MjkSyh xzke dks py iM+sA
Hkxoku va'kqekyh viuh Lo.kZe; jf'e;ksa ds tky dks vius varj ân;
esa lesV jgs gaSA 'kk;n os Hkh bu ;qod lkfFk;ksa dh rjg yksdkyksd ioZr ds
ml vksj dh ;k=k djus dh rS;kjh dj jgs gaSA gesa rks viuh&viuh ijarq
mUgas lexz lalkj dh fpark djuh iM+rh gSA
blh le; ;s nksukas ;qod ifFkd Hkh vk igq¡ps] r¨ xxue; Fkky jfo pan
nhid cus rkfjdk eaMy tud eksrh dh] leosr Loj ds lkFk] >kat j.kflag
vkfn ckts xw¡t mBsA budh e/kqjre]rkj /ofu us lehiLFk leLr Jksrk [khap
fy,A ns[krs gh ns[krs Jksrkvksa ls lkjk iaMky [kpk[kp Hkj x;k] ekuks fo".kq
Hkxoku ds n'kZu ds fy, lc nso lekt ,df=r gks jgk gSA vjnkl ds
vuarj okD; fy;k rks 'kCn Hkh oSlk gh vk;kA ;Fkk&
vklk ?k# 4 egyk 1
1 vksadkj lfrxqe izlkfnAA
nsofrvk njlu dS rkbZ nw[k Hkw[k rhjFk dh,AA
tksxh trh tqxfr efg jgrs dfj dfj Hkxos Hks[k Hk,AA 1AA
rm dkjf.k lkfgck jafx jrsAA
rsjs uke vusdk :i vuark dg.kq u tkgh rsjs xq.k dsrsAA jgkmAA
nj ?kj egyk glrh ?kksMs NksfM foykbfr nsl x,AA
ihj isdkacj lkfyd lkfnd NksMh nquhvk Fkkb i,AA 2AA
40 vkRe lfjrk

lkn lgt lq[k jl dl rthvys dkiM+ NksMs peM+ yh,AA

nq[kh, njnoan nfj rsjS ukfe jrs njosl Hk,AA 3AA
[kyM+h [kijh ydM+h peM+h fl[kk lwrq /kksrh dhUghAA
rwa lkfgcq gm lakxh rsjk iz.koS ukudq tkfr dSlhAA 4AA
¼iUuk 358½
Jh xq# xzaFk lkfgc ds lq[kklu ds vuarj lc lar egkRekvksa us vuar
Jh foHkwf"kr egar cqM~<k flag th ds pj.kksa esa ueLdkj dh vkSj bu vkxarqd
;qod ifFkdksa us Hkh tks fla?kkokyk xzke ls b/kj dks pys Fks oSlk gh fd;kA
egar egkjkt us dqBkjh dkjckjh dks vkKk nh fd vkxarqd HkDrksa ds fy,
Hkkstu 'k;ukfn dk izca/k ;Fkk 'kh?kz fd;k tk,A rnuarj Hkkstukfn dj lc
lar vius&vius vklukas ij tk fojktsA
vxys fnu izkr% dkyhu iwtukfn dk;Z dyki lekIr dj lc larkas us
egar th egkjkt dks ueLdkj dh vkSj vkns'k ikdj vius&vius dke esa
yx x,A bu uokxarqd ;qod ifFkdksa ls egkjkt us iwNk fd csVk rqe dSls
vk,\ rks iwoZ of.Zkr ckyd us fouhr Loj esa dgk&egkjkt! Jh Pkj.kksa esa
thou lefiZRk djus vk;k gw¡A Ekgkjkt cksys csVk] ?kj esa jg dj dke /ka/kk
djrs gq, Hkh lsok vkfn midkj ds dk;Z gks ldrs gaSA vRk% ?kj eas jg dj
ekrk&firk vkfn dh lsok djuk vfr Js;Ldj gSA lk/kq ds thou eas rks cgqr
d"V vkrs gSaA Rkqeus ns[kk gh gS] lCk Lkar tehu ij gh lksrs gSaA ;gk¡ pkjikbZ
OkxSjg dk vkjke gkfly ugha gksrkA egkjkt us vfr izse ls le>k;kA
Ckkyd rks n`<+ fu'p; djds vk;k Fkk fd
cgqr tue fCkNqjs Fks ek/km bgq tUkeq rqe~kjs ys[ksAA ¼iUuk 694½
vr% mlus n`<+rk ls mÙkj fn;k egkjkt eaS rks ?kj u ykSVus dh izfrKk
djds vk;k gw¡] vkSj ?kj esa ekrk&firk vkfn dh lsok ds fy, pkj HkkbZ gSa]
vkRe lfjrk 41

vkSj ?kj esa eksg tky rks CkkjaCkkj lalkj lkxj esa Qsadus okyk gSA eaS rks ekuo
thou dh lQyrk gsrq vkidh pj.k&'kj.k eas vk;k g¡wA eaS Ckkrsa ugha tkurk
eq>s rks cl vius pj.kkas dh lsok eas j[k yhft,A bruk dgdj Ckkyd us
ok.kh dks fojke fn;k ij lkFk esa cSBk gqvk ladhrZu okyk jkxh ¼xoS;k½
cksyk& egkjkt! ckyd Bhd gh dgrk gSA ?kj eas 'kkjhfjd lq[k rks miYkC/k gks
ldrs gSa ij vkfRed lq[k&'kakfr rks xq# tukas dh d`ik ls gh fey ldrh gSA
xq# jkenkl th egkjkt us fdruk lqanj vkSj fuLLkansg mn~?kks"k fd;k gS
largq lqugq lqUkgq tu HkkbZ xq# dk<h Ckkg dqdhtSA
ts vkRe dm lq[kq fur yksMgq rka lfrxqj ljfu iohtSA ¼iUuk 1326½
vkSj vki yksxksa ls lquk gS fd osn Hkh dgrk gS&mfÙkf"Br tkxzr izkI;
ojkfUucks/kr~A {kqjL; /kkjk fuf'krk nqjÙk;kA nqxZ iFk% rRdo;ks onfUrbR;kfn]
gk¡ vki Bhd rks dgrs gks ij tc rd n`<+rj oSjkX; u gks rc rd laU;kl
ysus dh vkKk dksbZ 'kkL= ugha nsrkA egkjkt us /kS;ZiwOkZd mÙkj fn;k vkSj dgk
fd gk¡ ! n`<+ oSjkX; gks tk, rks osn t:j vkKk nsrk gS la;kl ysus dh]
mnkgj.k ds :iesa vkius ;g Jqfr lqukbZ& ^^;ngjso fojtsr rngjso
izaozTksrÞA gk¡ Bhd rks gS egkjktA vc j[k yhft, bls pj.kksa dh ifo= lsok
eas] jkxh us flQkfj'k djrs gq, dgkA egkjkt us Lohd`fr iznku dhA
xzke vkSj uke
egkjkt dh Lohd`fr ds Ckkn ckyd vkKk dk ikyu djrk gqvk lsok
djus yxkA pkj&ik¡p fnu ds ckn yM+ds ds xzke dk ,d O;fDr ftldk uke
lkSnkxj flag Fkk] og bl MjkSyh xzke eas vius fj'rsnkjksa ls feyus vk;kA og
lar egkRekvksa ds n'kZu ds fy, v[kkM+s ds iaMky esa vk fudykA mlus bl
ckyd dks ns[k dj vk'p;Z Hkjs Loj ls dgk&vks HkkU;ka\ rwa fdRFks\ ckyd us
f'k"Vkpkjo'k dgk&pkpk latksx uky eSa nenek lkfgc rksa ,/kj vk fudfy;k
42 vkRe lfjrk

gk¡A
bu nksuksa dh xq¶+rxw egkjkt us lqu yh vkSj nksuksa dks vius ikl cqyk;k
vkSj dgk&ljnkj rsjk uke D;k\ th esjk uke lkSnkxj flag gS] vkxr O;fDr
us mÙkj esa dgkA rw bl ckyd dks tkurk gS\ th gk¡ tkurk gw¡ A bldk uke
Hkkuw flag gSA ;g esjs xzke ds uacjnkj dk iq= gS] lkSnkxj flag us tokc
fn;kA lkSnkxj flag rsjk xzke dkSu lk gS\ th xzke 'kkSdhuksa dh iÙkks gSA bls
ghjk flag dh iÙkks Hkh dgrs gSaA lkSnkxj flag og xzke rks cgqr cM+k gS rw bls
dSls tkurk gS \
lkSnkxj flag us uezRkk ls dguk 'kq: fd;k&egkjkt eSa iÙkks dk ukbZ
flD[k gw¡ A eq>s ?kj&?kj esa dke iM+rk gS vkSj buds ?kj esa rks cgqr gh T;knk
D;ksafd bldk firk xzke dk uacjnkj gS vkSj eSa pkSdhnkj dk dke Òh djrk
gw¡A vr% cPpksa ds tUe dh Òh bÙkykg ¼lwpuk½ nsuh iM+rh gSA
vPNk rks blds tUe vkSj [kkunku ds lacaèk esa foLrkj ls crkvks]
egkjkt us fo'ks"k tkudkjh ds fy, dgkA vPNk egkjkt tks vkKk] lqfu,A
blds firk dk uke ljnkj izrki flag gSA og gekjs xzke ds uacjnkj gSa vkSj
fl) cjkM+ xks= ds tehankj gSaA blds nknk dk uke ljnkj tokgj flag FkkA
os cgqr usd vkneh FksA yksxksa dks mudh lPpkbZ vkSj bZekunkjh ij cgqr
Hkjkslk FkkA fdlh tehu o [ksr ds ckjs esa >xM+k gksrk rks tks vkdj f'kdk;r
djrk mls dgrs tk HkkbZ dke djA eSa dy vkdj tehu uki dj fu'kku
yxk vkÅaxkA cl os tgk¡ fu'kku yxk vkrs nksuksa ny mls fcuk fdlh ghy&
gqTtr ¼,srjkt+] vkifÙk½ ds eku ysrs FksA ekj&ihV vkfn QkStnkjh ds >xM+s
Hkh le>k cq>kdj lqy>k nsrs FksA fdlh dks Fkkus tkus dh t:jr ugha iM+rh
FkhA [ksr esa muds dq,¡ ij dksbZ u dksbZ lk/kq egkRek vkdj fVds jgrs FksA os
vkRe lfjrk 43

lRlax ds cgqr izseh Fks] cksyrs cgqr de FksA xjhc yksxksa dh dU;kvksa dh
'kkfnvksa esa Hkh cgqr lgk;rk fd;k djrs Fks A laor~ 1650 esa mUkdk LoxZokl
gqvk rks iÙkks xzke ds vfrfjDr vkl ikl ds xzke fuokfl¸kksa us Hkh cgqr 'kksd
euk;k FkkA bldk firk ljnkj izrki flag Hkh fjVk;MZ ¼lsokfuo`Ùk½ lwcsnkj
gSA xzke esa mldh i;kZIr izfr"Bk gSA bl ckyd Hkkuq flag dh Hkh f'kdk;r
dHkh lquus esa ugha vkbZA ;g lar egkRekvksa dk cgqr izseh gSA vc vkids
lkeus gSA
mlds bruk dgus ij egkjkt us dgk rks vPNk vc rqe bls lkFk ys tk
dj ?kj okyksa ds gokys dj nksA vkKk eku dj mlus Hkkuq flag ls lkFk pyus
dks dgk rks mlus tkus ls fcYkdqy bUkdkj dj fn;k vkSj dgk fd eq>s etcwj
fd;k x;k rks eSa vU;= pyk tkÅaxkA vkf[kj mldk vVy bjknk ns[k dj
egkjkt us lkFk jgus dh vkKk ns nh v©j l©nkxj flag vdsyk xzke iÙk¨a d¨
y©V x;kA
q
44 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 12

Lodh; lsok esa

egar cqM~<k flag th dh nwjn'khZ ut+jksa ls ;g fNik ugha jgk fd ckyd
Hkkuq flag ljy LOkHkko dk fd'kksj gS vkSj cgqr gh fo'okl ik= gSA mUgsa ;g
Hkh fo'okl gks x;k fd og vo'; ,d fnu mUufr ds f'k[kj ij igq¡psxkA
vr% mls FkksM+k&FkksM+k i<+kus Hkh yxsA ckyd esa /kkj.k 'kfDr dh deh u Fkh]
og vk'kk ls vf/kd ;kn dj ysrkA lsok esa mldh #fp vR;f/kd FkhA mldk
ljy LoHkko] lsok esa #fp] i<+us esa izhfr vkSj vuU; J)k ns[k dj egkjkt
us mls futh lsok esa fu;qDr dj fn;kA tekr ;gk¡ iPphl fnu rd
ln~fopkj vkSj ukeok.kh dk izpkj djds ve`r Ckjlkrh jgh D;ksafd CkkCkk
cqM~<k flag th dFkk Ckgqr lqanj djrs FksA vki O;ogkj esa vfr dq'ky O;fDr
Fks] blfy, tekr ds lk/kq&lar muds vuq'kklu dk ikyu dj iw.kZr;k lar
e;kZnk esa jgrs Fks vkSj ;gk¡ dh J)kyq turk ij vPNk vlj iM+rk FkkA
;gk¡ ds HkDrksa us cgqr izlUurk ls lsok dhA [kkl dj lkbZankl tks fd xq#
gjxksfcan th dh d`ik n`f"V ls vfr /kU; gks pqds Fks] ds [kkunku okyksa us Ckgqr
gh mnkjrk ,oa J)k ls lsok dh] vfr vknj lRdkj ls xzke fuoklh turk
vkSj LFkkuh; egarksa us iap ijes'oj dks fonk;xh nhA
q
vkRe lfjrk 45

rjax 13

xksnkojh xaxk dh vksj

;gha ls v[kkM+k jEer us =;acd ds dqaHk&Luku dh [kkfrj xaxk xksnkojh
dh vksj #[k fd;kA ;k=k dh eaftysa r; djrh vkSj xq# ukud nso ds fe'ku
dk izpkj djrh gqbZ larksa dh ;g fueZy tekr] xksfoan ds xhr xkrh xksnkojh
xaxk ds fdukjs Jh =;acd ds dqaHk ij ig¡qp xbZA fueZy egarksa us Jh xq#
xksfoan flag th dh /keZ?otkjksi.k djds Å¡ph clarh irkdk QgjkbZA
/keZ/otk dh ;Fkk fof/k iwtk dhA fueZy Nkouh f'kfoj esa ikou xq#ok.kh ds
dFkk dhrZu vkfn dh x¡wtsa iM+us yxhaA ekuo ek= ds fy, xq# ukud nso dk
yaxj vUu {ks= tkjh gks x;kA bl izdkj HkfDr] Kku oSjkX; vkSj izse dh ,d
vkSj /kkjk xksnkojh dh xksn ls QwV iM+hA xaxk xksnkojh dk rhj] unh dk
fueZy uhj vkSj Jko.k ds 'khry lehj ls cus 'kkar okrkoj.k esa bl fd'kksj
ckyd Hkkuq flag us ckck cqM~<k flag th ds iquhr inkjfoanksa esa eLrd /kjdj
fou; dhµegkjkt
fdjik djgq nhu ds nkrs esjk xq.kq vox.kq u fcpkjgq dksbZAA
ekVh dk fdvk /kksiS lqvkeh ek.kl dh xfr ,ghAA ¼iUuk 882½
xq# ukud izlUu gksas vkSj uke ve`r dk ?k¡wV fiykdj pj.kkuqpj dks d`rkFkZ
djksA xq#&vkKk ikyu dh dlkSVh ij dl dj ijh{kk esa mÙkh.kZ gks pqds
ckyd lsod dh fourh Lohdkj dh xbZA ckck th us ekuuh; egarksa vkSj
lg;ksxh fe=kas ls lEefr dj vkSj 'kqHk eqgwrkZfn ns[kdj fueZy /keZ/otk dh
46 vkRe lfjrk

ifo= irkdk dh ikou Nk;k vkSj fueZy panksvk ds uhps lq;ksX; f'k"; dk
;Fkkfof/k ve`r laLdkj lEiUu fd;kA
xzaFkh dks vkKk gqbZ fd xq# egkjkt dk eq[; okd lqukvks rks igys ;g
'yksd vk;k&
lyksdqAA
vkRke jlq ftg tkfuvk gfj jax lgts ek.kqAA
ukud /kfu /kfu /kafu tu vk, rs ijok.kqAA 1AA imM+hAA
vkbvk lQy rkgw dks xuh,sAA
tklq jlu gfj gfj tlq Hkuh,sAA
vkb clfg lk/kw dS laxsAA
vufnuq ukeq f/kvkofg jaxsAA
vkor lks tuq ukefg jkrkAA
tk dm nbvk ebvk fc/kkrkAA
,dfg vkou fQfj tksfu u vkbvkAA
ukud gfj dS njfl lekbvkAA 13AA ¼iUuk 252½
blfy, uokuq'kkflr f'k"; dk 'kqHk uke vkRek flag j[kk x;kA blds
ckn ije vuqx`ghr f'k"; ds vkuan dk dksbZ ikjkokj ugha Fkk] D;ksafd mls
iw.kZ xq# ls mins'kke`r izkIr gks pqdk FkkA rHkh rks xq# vtZqu nso th egkjkt
us iwjs xq# ls mins'k xzg.k djus dks dgk gS rkfd czã dk lk{kkRdkj gks ldsA
;Fkk&
iwjs xqj dk lqfu minslqAA ikjczgeq fudfV dfj is[kqAA ¼iUuk 295½
iw.kZ xq# ds fcuk izR;DpSrU;kfHkUuRosu czã dk vijks{k Kku ugha gks
ldrk vkSj fCkuk vijks{k Kku ds eqfDr laHko ughaA
Jqfr dgrh gS& ^_rs KkuUu eqfDr%*A Kku ds fcuk eqfDr ugha gksrh vkSj
Kku ds fcuk g"kZ] 'kksd] eksg ds nqLrj lalkj lkxj dks rSj dj dksbZ ikj ugha
vkRe lfjrk 47

gks ldrkA ,d vkReKkuh gh 'kksd lkxj dks rSj dj ikj gks ldrk gSA Jqfr
dgrh gS ^rjfr 'kksdekRefor*~A
f'k"; ds vkuan dk dksbZ ikjkokj ugha D;ksafd og ve`r ih dj iw.kZ r`Ir
gks x;k gSA ikou xq#ok.kh esa vkKk gS&
ih vafezrq vk?kkfuvk xqfj ve# djkbvkAA ¼iUuk 808½
;g /kzqo lR; gS fd fcuk lRlax ds ;s nqyZHk inkFkZ ugha feyrs] lk/kq lar
egkRek gh ls ;g vyH; ykHk laHko gS] vU;Fkk ughaA ikou xq#ok.kh dgrh
gS&
gfj vfezr cwan lqgko.kh fefy lk/kw iho.kgk#AA ¼iUuk 134½
;g bruk nq"izkI; jRu gS tks ckn'kkgksa ds [ktkuksa eas Hkh ugha feyrkA ;k rks
;g egkRekvkas dh d`ik ls feyrk gS ;k Hkxoku dh vuqdaik ls] ij Hkxoku
dh d`ik Hkh rHkh gksrh gS tc igys larkas dh d`ik gksrh gSA larksa dh d`ik rc
gksrh gS tc lsok djrk gqvk ftKklq /kwyh ds leku fueZk.k gks tk, ;k pj.kkas
dh /kwyh eas ysVrk jgs] pj.kksa eas iM+k lsok djrk jgsA xq#ok.kh esa gqdqe gS&
/kwM+h etuq lk/k [ks lkbZ Fkh, fØikyAA ¼iUuk 80½
;Fkk&
ekf?k etuq lafx lk/kwvk /kwM+h dfj blukuqAA ¼iUuk 135½
fdlh Qdhj us Hkh lqanj dgk gS &
tks rw pkgs fd gks Hkxoku dh rq> ij utj igysA
rks muds vkf'kdksa dh [k+kd&ik esa dj xqt+j igysA
lr;qx ds le; esa ,d cgqr cM+k /kekZRek jktk gks xqtjk gSA mldk uke
Fkk jkgqx.kA og fo}ku~ Hkh Fkk ij fQj Hkh chrjkx Kkuh egkiq#"kksa dk cM+k
J)kyq FkkA og _f"k eqfu rÙoosrk egkiq#"kksa ds n'kZukFkZ tk;k djrk FkkA
,d ckj og iqjk.kksa esa vfr izfl) thou&eqDr egkiq#"k tM+ Hkjr ds n'kZu
ds fy, x;kA mlus ;FkkFkZ oDrk egkRek ls iwNk&egkjkt og ijein
48 vkRe lfjrk

:ieks{k dSls izkIr gks ldrk gS ftlls iqu% fxjus dk Hk; u jgsA rc mÙkj esa
tM+ Hkjr us dgk&gs jkgqx.k ! pkgs ftrus ;K dj ys] fdrus dfBu ti dj
ys] osn i<+ ys] laU;kl /kkj.k dj vj.;ksa esa okl dj ys] ?kj esa jg dj
deZdkaM djrk gqvk tUe fcrk ns] ij tc rd egkiq#"kksa dh pj.k/kwfy dks
eLrd ij /kkj.k ugha djrk rc rd dksbZ vfouk'kh in dks izkIr ugha dj
ldrkA ;Fkk&
jkgq x.kSrRkilku ;kfr upsT;kfuZoi.kkr x`gkn~ok
u NUnlk uSotykfXu l;ksZ foZukegr in&jtksfHk"ksde~
bl izdkj tgk¡ lar vkRek flag dk LoPN ân; vkuanksykl ls ifjiw.kZ
Fkk] ogk¡ lq;ksX; f'k"; dks ikdj xq#nso vkSj mudk fe= eaMy Hkh vfr
izlUu FkkA
laor~ 1956 esa chdkusj ij vdky dk vlá otzikr gqvk Fkk vkSj
chdkusj dk xjhc xqckZ mtM+ dj iatkc ds nj&nj dk fHk[kkjh cu x;k FkkA
ns'k ds ,d HkkXk esa Hkkjh Hkq[kejh QSyh gqbZ Fkh] ij lkSHkkX;'kkyh vkRek flag
dk HkkX; lw;Z dh lqugjh jf'e;ksa ds lkFk mn; gks jgk FkkA bl le; lar
vkRek flag dh vk;q l=g&vBkjg o"kZ dh FkhA
q
vkRe lfjrk 49

rjax 14

yky jax
yky jaxq frl dm yxk ftl ds oMHkkxkAA ¼iUuk 808½
ds vuqlkj lar vkRek flag th dh vfHkyk"kk ns[kdj blds oL= dk'kk; jax
esa jax fn, x, vkSj eu dks izHkq izse ds jax esa jax fn;kA
fdldks ekywe Fkk fd ;g Hkksyk&lk dqekj xq#tuksa dh lqJw"kk] J)k ,oa
vnE; bPNk'kfDr vkSj vkRefo'okl ds cy mUufr ds mPp f'k[kj ij
vk:<+ gksdj mTToy ;'k dh irkdk vkdk'k esa >qyk,xkA dksbZ dYiuk Hkh
ugha dj ldrk Fkk fd ;g nfjnz ukjk;.k vkSj nhu nqf[k;ksa ds nnZ ck¡V dj
Hkw[ks I;kls izkf.k;ksa dh izse ls lsok dj oSdqaB ds }kj [kksy dj ogk¡ lnSo ds
fy, vklu tek,xkA
Hkknz in
=;acd dk dqaHk iwoZ Jko.k Hkknz in esa gksrk gSA ;g cacbZ dk bykdk gksus
ds dkj.k ;gk¡ vR;f/kd o"kkZ gksrh gS blfy, ;gk¡ dk dqaHk esyk vfr d"V izn
gksrk gSA ;gk¡ lc ds edku vkfn dk izca/k vlaHko gSA racw] >ksiM+h vkfn esa
gh xqtkjk djuk iM+rk gSA racw] >ksiM+h vkfn Vidus yx tkrs gSaA bZa/kukfn ds
Hkhx tkus ls jlksbZ dh lsok esa cM+h vlqfo/kk gksrh gSA HkaMkjh /kq,¡ ds d"V ls
Åc tkrs gSaA vr% ;gk¡ cM+s /kS;Zoku vkSj lsok dk;Z esa dq'ky O;fDr;ksa dh
vko';drk gksrh gS lks bl dqaHk ij bu lc dkeksa ds fy, lar vkRek flag
th lc ls mi;ksxh lkfcr gq,A jlksbZ cukuk] cuokuk vkSj iaxfr esa ijksluk
50 vkRe lfjrk

vkfn dfBu dk;Z gksrs gSaA buls Hkh vf/kd dfBu dke gksrk gS xq#tuksa dh
lsok] o`) egkRekvksa dks muds vkluks ij nw/k ig¡qpkukA chekj O;fDr;ksa dks
nok] Hkkstu vkSj pk; vkfn ig¡qpkukA lar vkRek flag th us ;g lc
vklkuh ls dj fn[kk;kA
jkf= ds nl cts Fks] 'khry >a>kokr us >ksifM+;k¡ fgyk MkyhaA o`{kksa ij
cSBs iaNh Hk;Hkhr gksdj 'kskj epkus yxsA lks, gq, lc lar tkx iM+s vkSj
lruke~ Jh okfgxq# dgrs gq, mB cSBsA brus tksj dh fctyh dM+dh fd
ekuks dgha banz dk otzikr gks x;k gSA cknyksa dh xM+xM+kgV ds vuarj
ewlyk/kkj ckfj'k vkjEHk gks xbZA og dgrh Fkh eSa izy; dh cgu gw¡ fcuk
fojke cjlawxh] pkgs dksbZ fdruk tksj yxk ysA dqN gh feUkVksa esa pkjksa vksj
ty gh ty gks x;kA bl /kq¡vk/kkj rwQku ls ,d o`) lk/kq dh >ksiM+h fxj
iM+hA og dkairk gqvk vk;k vkSj ,d >ksiM+h ds lkeus #d dj dkairh gqbZ
t+cku ls cksyk&HkkbZ dkSu gS blesa\ d#.kk Hkjh vkokt vkbZ&egkjkt! eSa
vkidk nkl vkRek flag gw¡A o`) dks fo'okl gks x;k fd txg fey tk,xhA
cksyk&fdrus O;fDr gaS blesa\ mÙkj feyk &ge rhu Lkk/kq gSaA bLkeas rc rks
txg ugha gksxh] ij eaS rks ejk tk jgk gw¡ dM+kds dh lnhZ ls] o`) us n;k dh
;kpuk djrs gq, dgkA n;kyq vkRek flag dks vkt izkr% Hkk"k.k nsrs gq, ,d
egkRek dh ckr ;kn vk xbZA
mlus dgk Fkk&
xj pqHks dkaVk fdlh dks nnZ rw eglwl djA
er rlOoj xSj dj viuk csxkuk NksM+ nsA
og cksyk txg rks ugha gS egkjkt] ij vki vkb, eSa vkSj dgha tkdj
xqtkjk dj y¡wxk] dgrs gq, vkRek flag us mB dj mls viuh txg ij CkSBk
fn;k vkSj Lo;a ,d isM+ ds uhps tkdj [kM+k gks x;kA rwQku dh ekj og dc
vkRe lfjrk 51

rd lg ldrk FkkA v#.kksn; ds le; rd 'kjhj tdM+ lk x;k vkSj Nkrh

esa nnZ gksus yxkA rc rd egkRek yksx >ksifM+;ksa ls ckgj fudys] mUgkasus ikl
tkdj ns[kk rks vkRek flag dks cq[kkj gks jgk gSA mUgksaus nks vkSj egkRek&lar
gjuke flag th cykSaxh okys vkSj QqEeu flag th 'kkSadh dks cqyk;k vkSj os
mUgsa mBkdj egar cqM~<k flag ds racw esa ys x,A
MkWDVj cqyk;k x;k] mlus ns[kk] le>k vkSj nok fiyk nhA MkWDVj us
dgk&egkRekvksa] vxj dksbZ o`) 'kjhj gksrk rks dHkh dk BaMk gks pqdk gksrkA
[kSj] ;g cyoku ukStoku gS blfy, dksbZ fpark dh ckr ughaA nok dh nks
[kqjkd nsdj MkWDVj pyk x;kA mls tkrs ns[kdj dSai esa [kycyh&lh ep
x;hA lc iwNus yxs dkSu chekj gS\ tc ;g irk pyk fd lar vkRek flag
dks jkr fueksfu;k gks x;k rks lc fpark esa Mwc x,A o`) egkRek dgus yxs
fd mlds fcuk rks ge cslgkjs vkSj vukFk gks tk,¡xs ijarq og nks fnu esa
vPNk gks x;kA dSaiokfl;ksa dh [kq'kh dk dksbZ ikjkokj ugha FkkA vc vkRek
flag] lc dSai fuokfl;ksa dh utjkas dk dsanz FkkA mls LoLFk ns[k dj lcus
Hkxoku dk dksfV'k% /kU;okn fd;kA o`) egkRek us rks dgk fd blus esjs fy,
bruk d"V lgu fd;k gS tks fd brus ?kksj dfy dky esa larku o ekrk ds
fy, laHko ughaA Hkxoku bls ;'k vkSj lq[kh thou vo'; iznku djsaxsA vkxs
py dj 'kk;n blh egkRek ukjk;.k nkl dk vk'khokZn QyhHkwr gqvkA bl
izdkj lar vkRek flag laor~~ 1956 ds dqaHk dk uk;d cu x;kA
fofp nquhvk lso dekbZ,sAA rk njxg cSl.kq ikbZ,sAA ¼iUuk 26½

q
52 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 15

Jh gt+wj lkfgc dh ;k=k

dqaHk esyk dh lQy lekfIr ds ckn fueZy v[kkM+k dh tekr vfopy
uxj gtwj lkfgc dh ;k=k djds iatkc ykSVhA iatkc ds nqvkc izns'k
¼tkya/kj] gksf'k;kjiqj] diwjFkyk½ ds nkSjs esa lar vkRek flag th ,d lky
rd lkFk jgsA ;gk¡ ls vki jhBk lkfgc ¼ftyk ihyhHkhr½ dh ;k=k dj usiky
dh ;k=k ij pys x,A ogk¡ ls cukjl ¼dk'kh½] v;ks/;k vkSj fnYyh ds
xq#}kjksa ds n'kZu dj laor~~ 1959 dh xq#iwf.kZek ds pkj fnu igys Msjk
eLrx<+ ftyk tkya/kj esa tekr esa vk feysA tekr ;gk¡ ls jEer v[kkM+k
vFkkZr~ fueZy v[kkM+k dh tekr eaft+y o eaft+y fla/k esa igq¡p xbZA laor~~
1959 dh dkfrZd iw.kZeklh fla/k esa eukbZA fla/k ds bl nkSjs esa lar vkRek
flag dh lsok cgqr mi;ksxh lkfcr gqbZ D;ksafd bldh n`<+rk vkSj lkStU;iw.kZ
crkZo ds dkj.k tekr ds lHkh lar iw.kZr;k vuq'kklu esa jgsA fdlh izdkj
dh vHknzrk ugha fn[kkbZA egar cqM~<k flag th ds dFkk laHkk"k.k] izHkko'kkyh
O;fDr o vkfn ds dkj.k vkidk fla/k esa cgqr ;'k vkSj vknj lRdkj gqvkA
bl lQy nkSjs ls egkjkt okil vk, rks v[kkM+k ds vU; egarksa ls erHksn
gks tkus ds dkj.k egar cqM~<k flag th us v[kkM+s dh lsok ls R;kx&i= ns
fn;kA
q
vkRe lfjrk 53

rjax 16

vc ckck cqM~<k flag th v[kkM+s ds >a>Vksa dh fpark ls foeqDr gks x,

vkSj vki ds lkeus ,d gh dke Fkk vkSj og Fkk xq# ukud th ds ifo=
fe'ku dk izpkjA
euq"; u rks [kkyh cSB ldrk gS vkSj u gh mls vdeZ.; gksdj cSBuk
pkfg;s D;ksafd deZ&/keZ ds fcuk ekuo dk u dY;k.k gks ldrk gS vkSj u mls
ykSfdd thou dh lq[k&lqfo/kk dh lq/kk ihus dks fey ldrh gSA xjh;lh
xq#ok.kh dgrh gS&
dje /kje dh lkj u tk.kS lqjfr eqdfr fdm ikbZ,sAA ¼iUuk 437½
xq# xksfoan flag th us rks vdky iq#"k ls oj Hkh ;gh ekaxk Fkk fd dÙkZO;
vkSj lqdeZ djus ls eSa dHkh foeq[k u gks tkšA gs izHkq ! eq>s ;gh oj
nhft;s&nsfg f'kok cj eksfg b gS 'kqHk djeu rs dcgaw u VjkasA
Hkxoku d`".k th us Hkh xhrk esa ;gh mins'k vtqZu dks fn;k fd&
deZ.;sokf/kdkjLrsA ek Qys"kq dnkpu ekdeZQy gsrqHkwZek rs laxksLRodeZf.k gs
vtqZu ! rsjk vf/kdkj deZ djus rd gh lhfer gS] mldk Qy D;k gksrk gS]
bldh fpark rq>s ugha djuh pkfg,A ;fn rw deZ&Qy dh bPNk djsxk rks deZ
ds QyLo:i tUe dk dkj.k rw cusxkA tUe ds vuarj ej.k Hkh vc ;aHkkoh
gSa blfy, tUe&ej.k ds nq%[knk;h pØ esa iM+ tk,xk ftlls NqVdkjk ikuk
nqLlk/; gks tk,xkA vr% Qy dh r`".kk dk ifjR;kx dj nsA ;fn ;g dgks fd
deZ ge djsaxs gh ugha] rks deZQy dh bPNk NksM+us dk iz'u gh ugha mBrkA
54 vkRe lfjrk

blfy, Hkxoku us vkxs dgk gS fd ,slk gksuk vlaHko gS&deZ fd, fcuk rks
,d {k.k Hkh fdlh dh fLFkfr ugha gks ldrh&^^ufg df'pr~ {k.kefi tkrq
fu"BR;deZd`r** vr% Qy dh bPNk dks gh NksM+ nsuk Js;Ldj gSA tc rd
'kjhj gS rc rd dksbZ u dksbZ fØ;k rks gksrh gh jgsxhA ;Fkk&mBuk] cSBuk]
pyuk] [kkuk] ihuk] lw¡?kuk] lquuk] lksuk] tkxuk] euu djuk] lansg djuk]
fu.kZ; djuk] iwtk&ikB] /;ku vkfn lHkh deZ gh ds varxZr gSaA tc rd
thou gS rc rd 'kjhj bafnz; vkfn ls dksbZ u dksbZ gjdr cuh gh jgsxhA
dksbZ 'kjhj/kkjh fcuk deZ fd, ,d {k.k Hkh ugha jg ldrkA Hkxoku dk ;gh
vk'k; gSA
v/;k; nwljs ds ipklosa 'yksd esa Hkxoku us cM+k lqanj mins'k blh
izdkj dk fn;k gS&
cqf};qDr tgkrhg mHks lqd`r~ nq"d`rsAA
rLek|ks;ksxk; ;qT;Lo ;ksx% deZlq dkS'kye~AA
vFkkZr~ loZ= lerk cqf)okyk iq#"k] iq.; vkSj iki :i nksuksa fdLe ds
deksZa dks blh yksd esa NksM+ nsrk gS blfy, rw leRo :i ;ksx esa izo`Ùk gksA cl
;g leRo ;ksx gh deks± esa dq'kyrk gSA
Jhen~Hkxon~ xhrk dk ;gh lkj gSA deZ djus dh dq'kyrk dk uke gh rks
;ksx gSA deZ rks gesa djus gh iM+saxs] ij muesa dq'kyrk j[kuh gS fd os deZ
ca/ku dk dkj.k u cudj eks{k ds gsrq cus] ij eqfDr ds dkj.k os rHkh gks
ldrs gSa tc os izHkq ds fufer fd, tk,] Hkxoku gh djus okys gSa vkSj os gh
ge ls djok Hkh jgs gSaA eSa rks dqN Hkh ugha dj jgk gw¡A ;Fkk dchj th us dgk
gS&
dchj uk ge dhvk u djfgxs uk dfj ldS ljh#AA
fdvk tkum fdNq gfj dhvk Hkbvks dch# dch#AA ¼iUuk 1367½
vkRe lfjrk 55

tc eaSus fd;k gh ugha rks eq>s Qy pkgus dk D;k vf/kdkj gSA leLr
Qyksa dk lkj :i rks esjk I;kjk izHkq gS] cl eq>s rks mUgha dks ikus dh
vfHkyk"kk gSA izHkq izlUurk ds fy, gh eSa viuk QtZ+ iwjk dj jgk g¡wA eSa rks
,d ;a= ds leku gww¡A esjs pkyd Hkxoku Lo;a gSaA eSa rks muds gkFk dk ;a=
ek= g¡wA oh.kk pkgs fdruh gh dherh D;kas u gks] og Lo;a ct ugha ldrh gS&
fTkvkas ftvks rafr ctkoS tksxh fRkvks frvks ckts os.kqAA
dksbZ Hkh batu MªkbZoj dh bPNkuqlkj gh pyrk gSA mlesa Lora= pyus dh
'kfDr ugha gksrhA vxj MªkbZoj ,d {k.k ds fy, mldh fpark NksM+ ns] rks
taD'ku LVs'ku ij fdl ykbZu ij mls ¼batu½ tkuk gS og Lo;a ugha tkurkA
vr% ,DlhMsaV gks tk,xkA og Lo;a Hkh VwV tk;sxk vkSj nwljksa dks Hkh ekSr ds
eq¡g esa ys tk;sxkA mls rks MªkbZoj dh bPNkuqlkj gh pyuk gSA xq#ok.kh dk
opu gS&
ftm pyk, frvks pkyg HkkbZ gksj fdvk dks djs prqjkbZAA ¼iUuk 635½
vr% bldks pkfg, fd dr`ZRo dk vfHkeku NksM+dj gh deZ djrk jgsA
vklfDr NksM+dj] dsoy dÙkZO; le>dj deZ djrs jguk pkfg,A deZ Qy
dh bPNk ugha djuh pkfg,A eSa vkSj esjk lc dqN Hkxoku ds pj.kksa esa vfiZr
gS] ,slk fo'kq) Hkko j[kuk pkfg, rc deZ ca/ku ds gsrq u cudj eks{k ds
dkj.k cusaxsA cl ;gh deZ djus esa dq'kyrk gSA
blfy, vc egar cqM~<k flag th ds fy;s vdeZ.; gksdj cSBuk u rks
laHko gh Fkk vkSj u gh mfprA vr,o HkDrksa ds cqykos ij mUgksaus iqu% fla/k
tkus dh rS;kjh dj yhA laor~ 1959 ds var esa os djkph igq¡p x,A lar
vkRek flag] lar t;ey flag th vo/kwr] lar larks"k flag vkfn psys vkSj
dbZ ,d vU; fojDr lk/kq lkFk esa FksA bl izdkj ,d vPNh eaMyh cu xbZA
ckck cqM~<k flag th fo}ku~ FksA os ve`rlj esa i;kZIr le; rd jgus ls
56 vkRe lfjrk

xq#ok.kh ,oa bfrgkl vkfn ds vPNs Kkuh FksA okjk.klh ¼dk'kh½ esa jgdj
mUgksaus laLd`r dk Hkh i;kZIr v/;;u fd;k Fkk vr% os vPNs iafMr rFkk
izfrHkk'kkyh O;fDr FksA mudh cqf) lw{exzkgh FkhA /kkj.k 'kfDr ds rks ;s iqat
FksA v[kkM+s esa dke djus ls og ykSfdd O;ogkj ds rks fo'ks"kK ekus tkrs FksA
okrkZyki esa Hkh og n{k FksA 'kkjhfjd lkSan;Z ds HkaMkj FksA mudk O;fDrRo
vkd"kZd Fkk ftlls mudh dFkk dk izHkko turk ij cgqr iM+rk Fkk] blfy,
og tgk¡ dFkk djrs] yksx mUgsa vkxs tkus ugha nsrs FksA pkj&pkj] N%&N%
eghus og ,d 'kgj esa gh jg tkrsA ik¡p ekg djkph esa dFkk djds tc og
lD[kj dks tkus ds fy, rS;kj gq, rks muds fo;ksx ds nq[k ls nqf[kr turk
dh vikj HkhM+ mUgsa LVs'ku ij xkM+h esa cSBkus vkbZA
lD[kj dh vksj
lD[kj esa vkidk HkO; Lokxr gqvkA ;gk¡ vkidh dFkk ds ek/kq;Z dh
ppkZ ?kj&?kj esa gksus yxhA tgk¡ dFkk djrs iaMky Blk&Bl Hkj tkrkA vki
esa fdlh Hkh izdkj ds iz'u dk larks"ktud mÙkj nsus dh vn~Hkqr 'kfDr Fkh
ftlls le>nkj] l;kus ¼cqf)eku½ vkSj i<+s&fy[ks yksx cgqr izHkkfor gksrs
FksA vkf[kj v[kkM+s ds vkSj ve`rlj ds egarksa dh vksj ls i= vk;k] ftlesa
vkils rqjar ve`rlj igq¡pus dh izkFkZuk dh xbZA
lD[kj ls ve`rlj dh vksj
v[kkM+s ds fy, dqN tk;nkn [kjhnus ds ckjs esa vkils dqN ijke'kZ
djuk FkkA pw¡fd vki fueZy v[kkMs dh tujy desVh ds iz/kku Fks vr%
vkids fy, ykft+eh ¼vfuok;Z½ Fkk fd ogk¡ igq¡psaA vr% ykgkSj esa egarksa larksa
ls feydj vkSj ,d&nks lg;ksxh fe=ksa dks lkFk ysdj vki ve`rlj igq¡p
x,A vkids vkus ls ve`rljh fueZy lekt esa [kq'kh dh ygj nkSM+ xbZA lar
vkRek flag vkfn Hkh lkFk i/kkjs FksA pw¡fd Msjk Bkdqj ckck cqM~<k flag th dk
vkRe lfjrk 57

xq# LFkku Fkk vr% os eaMyh lfgr ;gha vkdj Bgjs FksA vxys fnu izkr%dky
gh laiw.kZ eaMyh lfgr ckck th Jh njckj lkfgc ds n'kZu djus x,A Jh
gfjeafnj lkfgc ds n'kZu djds lHkh lar egkRek [kq'k gq,A lar vkRek flag
vkfn us Jh njckj lkfgc ds ikou n'kZu dk iq.; igys igy gh izkIr fd;k
Fkk] blfy, vk'p;Zpfdr gksdj n'kZu djds v?kkrs ugha FksA
;n~&;nkpfjr Js"B%
Ckkck cqM~<k flag th esa xq# cuus dh ;ksX;rk FkhA og tkurs Fks fd f'k";ksa
ds izfr xq# ds D;k dÙkZO; gksrs gSaA xq# dk dke dsoy brus ls gh lekIr ugha
gks tkrk fd oL= jax fn;s vkSj dku Q¡wd fn,A izR;qr xq# dk loksZifj dÙkZO;
gS fd f'k"; dks O;ogkj vkSj ijekFkZ nksuksa esa dq'ky cukukA iw.kZ xq# ds fcuk
;g laHko ughaA xq# ukud nso th us cM+s lqanj <ax ls bl ckr dks Li"V
fd;k gSA xq# Hkh ,slk gksuk pkfg, tks bl nqfu;k ls Hkh okfdQ+ gks vkSj
vxyh nqfu;k dh Hkh tkudkjh j[krk gksA ekSykuk #e us ,sls xq# dk gh
nkeu idM+us dks dgk gS&
nkeus mxkSj ,s ;kjs nysjA
Tkks equtzk ck'kn vt ckyk vksa ts+jA
vFkkZr~&,s nysj enZ ! fdlh ,sls dk nkeu idM+ tks okfdQ+ gks bl nqfu;k
ls vkSj vxyh nqfu;k ls HkhA ;gk¡ Hkh mins'k nsdj fdukjs u gks tk, tc
var dk le; vk, rks lkeus vk tk,] ej dj vkxs tk, rks xokgh ds fy,
ogk¡ Hkh lkeus vk tk, lgk;rk ds fy,A xq# vtqZu nso th blh Hkko dks
vuwBs <ax ls dgrs gSa&
ukud dpfM+vk flm rksfM+ <wf< lt.k lar ifdvkAA
vksb thoans foNqM+fg vksb eqbvk u tkgh NksfM+AA ¼iUuk 1102½
,sls xq#tuksa dk xkSjo crkrs gq, xq# ukud th us dgk gS&fd pkgs
58 vkRe lfjrk

gtkjksa lw;Z pk¡n mn; gks tk, exj xq# ds fcuk euq"; dk vKku va/kdkj
nwj ugha gks ldrk ;Fkk&
ts lm pank mxofg lwjt pM+fg gtkjAA
,rs pku.k gksfnvka xqj fcuq ?kksj va/kkjAA ¼iUuk 463½
blfy, xq# tks f'k{kk o tSlh f'k{kk nsuk pkgrk gS mls og vius
vkpj.k esa <ky dj fn[kykos D;ksafd og tSlk vkpj.k djsxk f'k"; Hkh oSlk
gh djsxkA xq# }kjk viuk;s x, ekxZ ij gh og pyus dk ;Ru djsxkA blh
ckr dks Jh d`".k Hkxoku us Hkxor xhrk esa dgk gS&
;|nkpjfr Js'BLrrnsorjks tu%A
l%;r~ izek.ka dq#rs yksdLrnuqorZrsA
egar cqM~<k flag th f'k";ksif'k";ksa dks O;ogkj ijekFkZ dh f'k{kk nsuk
pkgrs Fks blfy;s os psyksa dks x`gLFk yksxksa esa ,oa lar vkJeksa esa lkFk ys
tkdj ogk¡ dSls cSBuk] dSls cksyuk] dSlk crkZo djuk pkfg, bR;kfn dh
f'k{kk vius vkpj.k }kjk nsuk pkgrs Fks] rkfd os Hkfo"; esa lar lekt]
x`gLFk HkDrksa ,oa ns'k ds vU; yksxksa ds lkFk gesa dSlk crkZo djuk pkfg,&
bls Hkyh&Hkkafr tku ysa] tks og djrs] mlh dh f'k{kk nsrs FksA ikou xq#ok.kh
dgrh gS&
izFkes euq ijcks/kS viuk ikNS voj jh>koSAA q½
¼iUuk 381
vkRe lfjrk 59

rjax 17

lar vkJeksa esa

'kke dks eaMyh ds lc larksa dks cqyk;k vkSj dgk fd HkkbZ dy izkr% gh
lc lar vkJeksa dh ;k=k djsaxsA f'k"Vkpkj ds ukrs ,slk djuk vko';d gS
vkSj u djus ls nks"k gSA lks vxys fnu lHkh lar izkr%dkyhu fuR; deZ ls
fuo`Ùk gksdj igys ckck fe'kjk flag th ds Msjs egar jRu flag th ls feyus
x;sA lar vkRek flag th vkfn lHkh larksa dk lcls ifjp; djok;kA lar
vkRek flag th ds gkFk ls Qy&Qwy vkfn HksaV djok;kA blh izdkj lc larksa
ds vkJeksa esa x, vkSj ;Fkk;ksX; iwtk&vpZuk lar vkRek flag ds gkFkksa ls
djokbZA ve`rljh egarksa rFkk larksa us Hkh egkjkt dk lsok lRdkj fd;kA
Ckkck th egkjkt dks fuea=.k
vxys fnu egar jRu flag th dh vksj ls eaMyh lfgr ckck th dks
fueaf=r fd;k x;kA 'kgj ds dqN vU; izfrf"Br larksa egarksa dks Hkh fuea=.k
HkstkA tc lc fueaf=r egkiq#"k vk x, rks egkjkt ls fla/k ds nkSjs ds
vuqHko lquus ds ckn] lHkh lar feysA ;Fkk&
tc yxq nquh;k jgh,s ukud fdNq lq.kh,s fdNq dgh,sAA ¼iUuk 661½
ds vuqlkj xaHkhj fo"k;ksa ij fopkj& fofue; gksrk jgkA tc Hkkstu esa dqN gh
le; ckdh jg x;k rks egar jRu flag th us egkjkt ls dqN Hkk"k.k lqukus ds fy;s
izkFkZuk dh vkSj lekxr lc egkRekvksa us vki dh ckr dk leFkZu fd;kA
egkjkt dk laHkk"k.k
eaxykfn ds ckn egkjkt us dgk&ekuuh; euh"kheaMy vkids fy, tkuus
60 vkRe lfjrk

;ksX; dksbZ ckr ckdh ugha gS fQj ftUgksaus xq# ukud ds mins'k ve`r dk iku
fd;k gks] xq# ukud ds lalkj lkj mins'k dk Jo.k euukfn lE;d~ izdkj ls
fd;k gks muds lkeus dksbZ D;k fo'ks"k ckr dg ldrk gSA xq# vaxn nso th
us fdruk lqanj dgk gS&
fru dm fdvk minslh,s ftu xq# ukud nsmAA ¼iUuk 150½
vLrq vknj.kh; lTtuksa] vkt ge eaMyh ds lHkh lar vius HkkX;ksa dks
vfr mÙke ekurs gSa fd ikoure xq# uxjh esa vkdj
fMBs lHks Fkko ugh rq/kq tsfgvkAA ¼iUuk 1362½
ds vuqlkj lalkj esa vuqie gfjefUnj ds n'kZu dj lds gSaA bl ij Hkh
vius lekt ds loZekU; egkRekvksa ds n'kZu ls rks gekjs HkkX; :ih lksus esa
lqxa/k Hkh vk xbZ gSA vkuan ifjiw.kZ ân; ls dqN ,slk gh eglwl gks jgk gSA
lpeqp gh vkids n'kZuksa ls ftl vkuan dk ge vuqHko dj jgs gSa] mls 'kCnksa
}kjk O;Dr dj lduk laHko ugha gSA vLrq! I;kjs lTtuksa] ftl txg ge
,df=r gks jgs gSa] ;g ekr`&Hkwfe Hkkjr ds fo'kky HkwHkkx iatkc dh ân;
LFkyh gSA iatkc dh ;g ikou /kjrh] tgk¡ xsg¡w] puk vkfn iqf"Vdj vukt]
larjk] ekyVk vkSj dsyk vkfn mÙke Qyksa ds :i esa lksuk mRiUu djrh gS]
ogk¡ egkekuo:ih jRuksa dks Hkh tUe nsus okyh moZjk Hkwfe gSA mnkgj.k ds
fy;s 'kkS;Z vkSj /kS;Z esa vf}rh; gfj flag uyqvk tSls cstksM+ lsukuh] egkjktk
j.kthr flag tSls nwwjn'khZ] /kS;Zoku] jktuhfrK] egkjktk dYyw fdDdj flag
vkSj xkek tSls vrqy cy'kkyh eYyjkt ;gk¡ rd fd xq# ukud] xq# vtqZu
nso tSls ve`r o"kkZ djus okys vk/;kfRed lRlkfgR; ds L="Vk] vnE;ksRlkgh
xq# gfjxksfcan tSls ny&Hkatu lwjek] egkcyh vf}rh; ;ks)k /keZ dh cfy
osnh ij izk.k U;kSNkoj djus okys fgan dh pknj xq# rsx cgknqj tSls fganw&/keZ
ds j{kd] vorkjh egkiq#"kksa dk vkfoHkkZo Hkh blh /kjk&/kke ds vanj gqvkA
vkRe lfjrk 61

loZ flf);ksa ds Lokeh ckck cqM~<k flag tSls Hktukuanh] tM~Hkjrksie ckck
jkedqaoj tSls gLrkeydor~ vkRen'khZ egkekuo] blh HkO; Hkw&[kaM dh nsu
gSaA lfUudV vrhr esa Hkh yklkuh vkfye iw.kZ czãfu"B Lokeh jkerhFkZ tSls
egkR;kxh egkRek Hkh blh /keZ/kqjh.k /kjk/kke ds tkToY;eku jRu FksA ;gk¡
rd fd lqnwj vrhr esa Hkh blh izkar dh ifo= ufn;ksa dh mÙkky rjaxksa dks
Nwrh gqbZ ikou iou ds Li'kZ ls 'kkar ân; _f"keqfu;ksa us osnksa dh _pkvksa dh
jpuk Hkh ;gha dh FkhA cgquk bl ifo= i`Foh dk d.k&d.k lw;Z ds leku gS
ftudh fc[kjh gqbZ fdj.kksa us leLr lalkj dk tkM~;kU/kdkj nwj dj Kku:i
izdk'k iqat iznku djds lalkj dk egku~ midkj fd;k gSA vr% gesa Hkh mPp
fl)karksa dk lans'k nqfu;k dks nsus okyh bl ikou LFkyh ij cSB dj mPp
fl)kUrksa ij gh fopkj djuk mfpr gSA lks lqfu,A
thou dk mn~ns';
ekuo thou dk ije mn~ns'; gS lr~& fpr&vkuan Lo:Ik vkRek dk
lE;d~ Kku izkIr djukA bruk tku ysuk gh i;kZIr ugha gS fd vkuan Lo:i
;k ije dk:f.kd Hkxoku gSa vkSj eSa mudh vkKk esa jgus okyk tho g¡w]
izR;qr izR;sd pSrU;kHksnsu tks czã dk Kku gS] ogh ;FkkFkZ Kku ;k lE;d~ Kku
gS&ogh Kku eks{k ds izfr dkj.k gSA
lr~fpÙkvkuan Lo:Ik czã gS] bl izdkj ds ijks{k Kku ls dqN fo'ks"k ykHk
ugha gSA dsoy bruk tku ysus ls fd i`Foh ds vanj ikuh gS] ikuh fey ugha
tkrkA gk¡ bruk ykHk vo'; gS fd /kjrh ds ikuh ds Kku ls] ikuh izkIr djus
dh bPNk mRiUu gks tkrh gS vkSj ftl oLrq dh bPNk gksrh gS] mldh izkfIr ds
fy;s ;Ru djuk laHko gSA tc euq"; mldh izkfIr ds lk/ku i`Foh [kuu
vkfn ds vkSt+kj ysdj t+ehu dks ifjJe ls [kksnrk gS] rHkh e/kqjrj ty ls
I;kl cq>kdj 'kkafr ,oa vkuan dk vuqHko djrk gSA
62 vkRe lfjrk

blh izdkj ijes'oj ds ijks{k Kku ls] ftKklq dks vijks{k Kku ;kuh
izR;{k Kku dh bPNk gksrh gS] rc og ftKklq dgykrk gSA tc ftKklq eks{k
ds pkj lk/ku tqVk ysrk gS] ;kfu lk/ku prq"V~; laiUu gksrk gS rc vijks{k
Kku izkfIr dk vf/kdkjh cu tkrk gSA os pkj lk/ku ;s gaS&foosd] oSjkX;]
"kV~laifÙk vkSj eqeq{kkA "kV~lEifÙk esa N% lk/ku vkrs gSa ;Fkk&lke] nke]
J)k] lek/kku] frfr{kk] mijfrA tc mDr lk/ku laiUu ftKklq czãJks=h;]
czãfu"B xq# ds ikl tkrk gS rc ije n;kyq xq# ml lk/ku laiUu ftKklq
dks Kku dk vf/kdkj tkudj mls rÙoefl vkfn egkokD; dk mins'k nsrs gSa
rc Jo.k ds vuarj euu fufn/;klu vkfn }kjk ân;axe djrk gS] rc
tkdj dgha vijks{k Kku gksrk gSA
iz'u mBrk gS fd brus >a>V vkSj Dys'k mBkdj Kku izkIr djus dh
vko';drk gh D;k gS\ mÙkj&blfy, fd fcuk ,sls Kku ds nq[kksa dh
vkUR;fUrd fuo`fÙk vkSj ijekuan dh izkfIr :Ik eks{k laHko ugha gSA
iz'u&D;k blds fy;s dksbZ izek.k gS\ gk¡ vo'; gS&xq#.kkaxq# ije xq# ukud
nso th dk opu gS&
eqfdr ugh fcfnvk fcfxvkfu ¼iUUkk 903½
vFkkZr~ lE;d Kku] ;kfu Kku ds fcuk eks{k dh izkfIr ugha gks ldrh rFkk
Jqfr Hkh blh ckr dks dgrh gS _rs KkukUu eqfDr% Hkko fd fcuk vHksn Kku
ds eks{k dh izkfIr laHko ugha gSA
ri%ir d`'kdk; ,d oSfnd _f"k rks izfrKk djrs gSa fd izR;{k Kku ds
flok vkRe dY;k.k ds fy;s nwljk dksbZ mi;qDr lk/ku ugha gSA 'kqDy ;tqosZn
esa egf"kZ dgrs gSa&
osnkgesra iq#"ka egkUrekfnR;o.kaZ rel% ijLrkr~A
resofcfnRokfre`R;qesfr ukU;% iUFkk fo|rs·iz;uk;A
vkRe lfjrk 63

HkkokFkZ&eSa bl egku iq#"k vkuanLo:i vkRek dks izR;{k :i ls

LokfHkUur;k tkurk g¡w tks vKku :i va/kdkj ls vfr nwj] lw;Z ds leku
Lo;a izdk'k gS] T;ksfr Lo:i gSA ml vkRerRo dk ;FkkFkZ Kku izkIr djds gh
euq"; nq%[k vkSj Hk; vkfn dk dkj.k vKku :i e`R;q ij iw.kZ fot; izkIr
dj ldrk gS] 'kk'or~ vkuanLo:i dSoY; izkIr djus dk vijks{k vkRe&Kku
ds vfrfjDr dksbZ vU; ekxZ ugha gSA 'kk'or~ vkuan Lo:Ik ijein dh izkfIr
ds fy, xq: vtqZu nso th Hkh izR;{k n'kZu dks gh dkj.k ekurs gSa&
vunks vunq ?k.kk eS lks izHkq MhBk jkeAA
pkf[kvM+k pkf[kvM+k eS gfj jlq ehBk jkeAA ¼iUuk 452½
ijarq ;g ;kn j[kus dh ckr gS fd vkuanlkxj esa] bl fuR;lq[k Lo:i
'kkar lkxj esa Mqcdh yxkuk rHkh laHko gS tc lk/kd vius 'kjhj dh bafnz;ksa
vkSj papy eu ds Åij iw.kZ fu;a=.k LFkkfir dj ysA ;g ,d vdkV~;lR;
gS fd ftruk gh dksbZ eu] ok.kh vkfn ij daVªksy ¼fu;a=.k½ dj ys mruk gh
og lq[kh gS vkSj lekt esa lEekfur gks ldrk gS] mlh ds ân;&eafnj esa
vkRe Kku dk izdk'k gks ldrk gSA ikou xq#ok.kh dgrh gS&
nl bUnzh dfj jk[kS okflAA rk dS vkRkeS gksb ijxklqAA ¼iUuk 236½
tu ukud bgq [ksyq dBuq gS fdugwa xqjeqf[k tkukAA ¼iUuk 219½
ds vuqlkj ;g bafnz;kfn ij fot; ikuk dfBu dke gS] vr% djksM+ksa esa dksbZ
bl [ksy esa fot; ik ldrk gSA xq# vtqZu nso th Qqjekrs gSa&
banzh ftr iap nks[k rs jgrAA ukud dksfV e/kss dks ,slk vijlAA
¼iUuk 274½
pkgus okyk og eqfu&egkRek ftlus vius eu] cqf) ,oa vfr izcy bafnz;ksa
dks thr fy;k gS vkSj ftldh bPNk,¡ fuo`Ùk gks xbZ gSa] ftlus Øks/k vkfn dks
ijkLr dj fn;k gS] og lnk eqDr ,oa lq[kh gSA
64 vkRe lfjrk

vkxs egkjkt us dgk fd foLrkj Hk; ls Hkk"k.k ds bl va'k dks ge ;gha

fojke nsrs gSaA
vc eq>s ,d ckr vkils vkSj dguh gS] og ;g gS fd dky dk pØ rst+
j¶rkj ls py jgk gSA vius rhoz osx ls pyrk gqvk le; fdlh dh ijokg
ugha djrkA dksbZ mlds lkFk py lds rks Hkyh ckr] og vkxs c<+ tk,xk
vkSj tks #dus dh Hkwy djsxk og m[kM+ tk;sxkA tks le; dk vuqlkjh gksdj
pysxk] mldh mUufr esa dksbZ vM+pu ugha vk,xhA tks lqLrh dh uhan esa
Å¡?krk jgsxk] mls ijs'kkfu;ka mBkuh iMa+sxhaA
vkt dk t+ekuk laxBu dk t+ekuk gSA nqfu;k dh dkSesa vkt Jksf.k&c)
gksdj vFkkZr~ lqlaxfBr gksdj vkxs c<+ jgh gSaA lc fdlh us viuh&viuh
lkslkbZfV;k¡ dk;e dj yh gaS ij ftudh lkslkbZVh esa ftruk vf/kd
vuq'kklu gS] ftl laLFkk esa ftruk dBksj vuq'kklu gS] ftruh dBksjrk ds
lkFk vuq'kklu dk ikyu djk;k tkrk gS] og laLFkk mrus gh rhoz osx ls
mUUkfr ds f'k[kj dh vksj vkxs c<+rh gSA vr% gesa Hkh pkfg, fd ge Hkh
vius vanj vuq'kklu esa pyus dk LoHkko cuk, ;k vuq'kklu esa pyus dk
vH;kl djsaA vxj ge viuh laLFkk esa vuq'kklu ykus esa lQy gks x, rks
ge Hkh fdlh ls ihNs ugha jgsaxsA
,d ckr ge vkils vkSj dguk pkgrs gSaA og ;g gS fd gekjk nqfu;k ds
izfr Hkh dÙkZO; vkSj viuk ije&dÙkZO; ;kfu larksa dk dÙkZO; Hktu fleju]
lsok] bZ'oj fparu] lnkpkj] lknxh vkSj larks"k o`fÙk dks /kkj.k djukA
Hktu fparu rks ge tkurs gSa fd ve`rljh egkRek] xq# jkenkl dh d`ik
ls cgqr djrs gSa
mneq djs Hkyds ijHkkrh bLkukuq djs vafezr lfj ukoSAA ¼iUUkk 305½
ds vuqlkj Luku] /;ku vkSj iwtk&ikB] fof/k&fo/kku ds vuqlkj djrs gSaA
vkRe lfjrk 65

;g Bhd gS] LrqR; gS] dkfcys rkjhQ gS ij ftl ns'k dk vUu] ty] Qy
vkfn [kkdj ge iq"V gksrs gSa] ftl ns'k dh gok ikuh ls thdj ge Hktu
fparu djds vxyh nqfu;k dks laokjrs gSa] mlh rjg bl nqfu;k ds izfr bl
ns'k dh turk ds izfr Hkh gekjk dqN dÙkZO; gSA og dÙkZO; ge turk dh
lsok djds gh iwjk dj ldrs gaSA ;g Bhd gS fd vehjksa dks vkidh lsok dh
t:jr ugha gSA ij gekjs ns'k esa rks xjhcksa dh la[;k gh T;knk gS] vr% gesa
xjhcksa dh lsok dh vksj T;knk /;ku nsuk pkfg,A
dqN yksx Hkxoku dks [kkstrs gSa] fxfj] danjkvksa esa] vkSj dqN <w¡<rs gSa
mUgsa ioZr Jsf.k;ksa ds Å¡ps f'k[kjksa ij] dksbZ ryk'krs gSa jRu tfM+r eafnjksa esa]
vkSj dksbZ mudh ryk'k djrs gSa eafnjksa ds ?kUVk ?kfM+;ky vkSj >kat vkfn ds
?ku?kksj 'kksj esa] loZ= iw.kZ gksus ls os gksaxs ogk¡ Hkh] exj fuR;fuokl rks mudk
gS xjhcksa dh >ksifM+;ksa esa] ogk¡ izlUurk ls fuokl djrs gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd
dchj] ukenso] rqdkjke vkSj jfonkl vkfn dh >ksaifM+;ksa esa izR;{k n'kZu nsrs
jgs gSa] ij fdlh vehj dh vVkjh esa fdlh us ns[kk gS mudks \
gk¡ ! jRu tfM+r eafnjksa vkSj Å¡ph vVkfj;ksa esa y{eh dk fuokl rks
fuLlansg ekuk tk ldrk gS] ij Hkxoku dk ugha] dkj.k y{eh J`axkj vkSj
foykl fiz;k gS] ij I;kjs izHkq rks isze ds iqtkjh gaSA xjhcksa dh lsok ge dbZ
izdkj ls dj ldrs gSa ;Fkk chekjksa dks noknk: nsdj] Hkw[kksa dks vius yaxjksa
ls Hkkstu f[kykdj vkSj vui<+ yksxksa dks lk{kj cuk dj] dqN /kkfeZd f'k{kk
nsdj ge turk ds izfr viuk tks dÙkZO; gS mls Hkyh izdkj iwjk dj ldrs
gSaA
l)eZ] Hkxor~ HkfDr] vkSj lnkpkj ds izpkj ls mudk vkpkj&fopkj
lq/kkj dj vehjksa dh lsok Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
bruk dgrs gq, egkjkt dh ut+j Hkkstu cukus okys larksa ij iM+h tks
66 vkRe lfjrk

jlksbZ ds dke ls [kkyh gksdj lHkk esa vk cSBs Fks] rks vkius dgk fd HkaMkfj;ksa
dh ;gk¡ mifLFkfr lwfpr djrh gS fd Hkkstu rS;kj gks pqdk gSA vr% ge
Hkk"k.k dks ;gha fojke nsrs gSaA
bruk dg dj vkius &
losZ HkoUrq lqf[ku% losZ lUrq fujke;k%A
losZ Hknzkf.k i';Urq ekdf'kpn~nq%[k HkkXHkosr~A
dk vk'khokZn nsrs gq, Hkk"k.k lekIr fd;k vkSj larksa ds lkFk Hkkstu ikus dks
pys x,A
Hkkstuksijkar egar jRu flag th us egkjkt dk mfpr lsok lRdkj fd;k]
vkSj lc egarksa us vius usrk egar jRu flag th vkSj ckck cqM~<k flag th dks
lRlax dk lqvolj iznku djus ds fy, /kU;okn fn;k vkSj egar jRu flag
th us viuh lQsn ?kksM+h okyh cX?kh ij fcBkdj egkjkt dks Msjk Bkdqjka esa
igq¡pk;kA q
vkRe lfjrk 67

rjax 18

xq.k xzg.k
lar vkRek flag th vius xq# egkiq#"k egar cqM~<k flag th ds lkFk
pydj vkSj ikl cSBdj muds okrkZyki vkSj laHkk"k.kksa dks /;kuiwoZd lqurs
jgrsA fdlh ds lkFk eqykdkr ds le; tks dqN os dgrs vkSj mudh mfDr ds
mÙkj esa nwljk tks dqN dgrk lc dks ân;axe djrs tkrs FksA egkjkt ds
iwoksZDr Hkk"k.k dks rks bUgksaus cgqr lko/kkuh ls ,d fpÙk gksdj lquk Fkk vkSj
la{ksi esa eq>s dbZ ckj lquk;k Fkk ij eSaus rks igyh gh ckj ;kfu laor~~ 2002
esa gh eq[; ckrsa uksV dj yh FkhaA
;g dguk vkSj Hkh T;knk Bhd gksxk fd lar vkRek flag th ckck cqM~<k
flag th ds eq[kkjfoan ls fudyh gqbZ le;kuqdwy ckrsa lqudj vkSj nwljksa ds
izfr muds ;Fkk;ksX; O;ogkj dks ns[kdj gh O;ogkj rFkk ijekFkZ esa brus
vf/kd n{k gks x, FksA ;|fi ckck th us vkidks cgqr dqN i<+k;k Hkh vkSj
dbZ vU; egkRekvkssa ls Hkh vki i<+s] ij vkids thou dks lQy cukus esa
vf/kd lgk;rk ckck th ds ;ksX;rkiw.kZ okrkZyki vkSj dq'kyrkiw.kZ O;ogkj
vkfn us igq¡pkbZA q
68 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 19

_f"kds'k esa
ve`rlj esa X;kjg fnu jgdj ckck th us gfj}kj dh rS;kjh dh rks
egar jRu flag th cX?kh ysdj Msjk Bkdqjka esa igq¡p x, vkSj dbZ ,d
izfrf"Br egarksa dks lkFk fcBkdj ckck th dks xkM+h esa p<+kus LVs'ku ij x,A
vkf'ou lqnh 14 prqnZ'kh laor~~ 1960 dks gfj}kj gksrs gq, egkjkt
_f"kds'k igq¡psA ogk¡ vki Msjk Bkdqjka esa gh jgsA dHkh&dHkh vki o;kso`)
egkiq#"kksa ls feyus >kM+h esa Hkh tk;k djrs FksA
f'k"Vkpkj vkSj vuq'kklu
;|fi egkjkt dk LoHkko] fgeky;or 'kkar ,oa lkxjor xaHkhj Fkk rks
Hkh vuq'kklu ikyu djkus esa os dkQh dBksjrk ls dke ysrs FksA lHkh larksa ds
fy, izkr% pkj cts mBuk vkSj fuR; izkr%dky xaxk Luku djuk vfuok;Z
FkkA blds ckn fuR; fu;e dk ikB] fcuk ukxk djuk gksrk FkkA f'k"Vkpkj esa
mudh fu"Bk Fkh] vf'k"V crkZo dh mUgsa vk'kadk Hkh gks tk, rks og {kek ugha
djrs FksA lar vkRek flag ls mudk vf/kd Lusg FkkA mUgsa og ,d ;ksX;re
O;fDr cukuk pkgrs Fks D;ksafd os mUgsa Hkfo"; esa viuk mÙkjkf/kdkj lkSaius
dk fopkj iDdk cuk pqds FksA vr% os mudh tjk&lh ykijokgh dks Hkh ekQ
ugha djrs Fks] tSls&lksus dks rik, tkus ij gh mldh dkfyek vkfn [kksV nwj
gksdj og dqanu curk gSA mlds xq.k&nks"k Hkh vfXu esa rik, tkus ij gh
izdV gksrs gSaA Bhd gh dgk gS&
gsEu% lay{;rs ãXukS fo'kqf)% ';kfe dkfi okA
vkRe lfjrk 69

lk¡> dk le; FkkA ,d mTtM+ LoHkko dk lk/kq Msjs esa vk;kA mls vius
cy dk cM+k ?keaM FkkA mlus vkdj fdlh dks ueLdkj vkfn f'k"Vkpkj Hkh
ugha fd;kA jkSc ls MiVrs gq, dgk&eq>s ,d dqfV;k nks] eSa ;gk¡ ,d eghuk
fVdwaxkA lar vkRek flag th us uez 'kCnksa esa Li"V ckr dg nh&Lokeh th! ;gk¡
dksbZ dejk [kkyh ugha gSA vPNk! rqEgkjs fy, rks [kkyh gS ij esjs fy, ugha
gS] mlus jkSc ds lkFk fQj dgkA th gk¡ ! vki ,slk gh le> yhft,] lar
vkRek flag th us mlh ds Loj esa dgkA vPNk! eSa le>us ugha] le>kus
vk;k g¡w] eq>s dkSu fudky ldrk gS ;gk¡ ls\ lk/kq us fujadq'krk ds lkFk
Mk¡Vrs gq, dgkA uo;qod lar vkRek flag dks mldh xoksZfDr ij Øks/k vk
x;kA mlus dgk&eSa gh fudky¡wxk rq>s vkSj fdlus fudkyuk gSA bruk lqurs
gh og vkx ccwyk gks x;k] vkSj og /ki ls [kkV ij cSB x;k vkSj cksyk&yks]
;gk¡ cSBk gw¡] fdldh etky gS tks eq>s gVkus dh fgEer djsA ;qok vkRek flag
dks mldk ;g vHknz O;ogkj lgu u gqvkA mlus mls ck¡g ls idM+k vkSj
v/kZ pafnzdk nsdj njokts ls ckgj dj fn;kA lM+d dh nwljh vksj fLFkr
edku rd /kdsyrk gqvk ys x;k vkSj ogk¡ iVd dj okil vk x;kA fQj
ml mTtM+ us dHkh vkus dh fgEer u dhA mldk rks fQj irk ugha pyk fd
dgk¡ x;k ij lar vkRek flag th ?kweus ds fy, xaxk dh vksj pys x,A bl
?kVuk ds ckn egkjkt vk,] mUgksaus lkjh ckr lquh rks os cgqr ukjkt gq,A
lw;kZLr ds vuarj lar vkRek flag vk, rks mUgsa ns[krs gh egkjkt us Øks/k
iw.kZ <ax ls dgk&vkRek flag] rqeus /kDds ekjdj lk/kq dks fudkyk gSA lar
vkRek flag us lkjh ?kVuk ;Fkkor~ dg lqukbZA lkjh ckr lqudj egkjkt us
dgk&vPNk rqeus ;g vHknz O;ogkj fd;k gS] tks lar e;kZnk ds fo#) gS]
vr% vHkh edku ls ckgj gks tkA lar vkRek flag us egkjkt ds pj.kksa esa
70 vkRe lfjrk

fxjdj dgk&egkjkt ! eq> ls xyrh gks xbZ] {kek dj nksA egkjkt us Mk¡Vrs
gq, dgk&rqe gekjh izrh{kk dj ysrs rks ge vkdj mls le>k&cq>kdj
fudky nsrsA ml mTtM vkneh ds lkFk rwus Hkh mTtMksa tSlk gh vHknz crkZo
fd;k blfy, rq>s ltk Hkqxruh iM+sxh] rq>s {kek ugha fd;k tk ldrk] blh
oDr ckgj gks tk edku lsA xq#nso dh ukjktxh ns[k vkRek flag dh vk¡[kksa
esa vk¡lw Hkj vk, vkSj egkjkt ds pj.k Nwdj tks vkKk] dgrs gq, ckgj pys
x,A Bhd gh dgk gS xq#ok.kh esa&
xqj ihjka dh pkdjh egka djM+h lq[k lk#AA ¼iUuk 1422½
vkSj vU; fopkjokuksa us Hkh dgk gS&
lsok/keZ% ije xguks ;ksfxukeI;xE;%A
lar vkRek flag th bu mfDr;ksa ij fopkj djrs gq, vkSj ^^vkKk le
ugha lkfgc dh lsok** dh mfDr ij vey djrs gq,] lkeus vk¡oys ds isM+ ds
uhps tk cSBs vkSj xq#&ea= dk tki djrs gq, vkf[kj fuanzk nsoh dh lq[kn xksn
esa lks x,A
ckny dh xM+xM+kgV dh vkokt ls vk¡[k [kqyh rks ns[kk fd cw¡nkck¡nh gks
jgh gSA ckny rks gok ls Vy x;k ij iou dk xeu yxkrkj tkjh jgk]
mlls lnhZ rks eglwl gksrh jgh ij og vlgu ugha FkhA izHkkr gqbZ rks
egkjkt us lar larks"k flag ls dgk&irk gS dqN vkRek flag dk rq>s\ ugha
egkjkt! eq>s rks ekywe ugha fd dgk¡ gSaA lar larks"k flag us lgeh lh vkokt
esa mÙkj fn;k vPNk] ckgj tkdj ryk'k djks fd dgk¡ gS og] egkjkt us mls
vkns'k fn;kA larks"k flag ckgj fudyk rks] xaxk&Luku djds vkrs gq, lar
vkRek flag th ikl gh fn[kkbZ fn,A larks"k flag us g"kZ O;Dr djrs gq,
dgk&vPNk gqvk fey x,] egkjkt us rqEgsa vHkh ;kn fd;k FkkA
lar vkRek flag us tkdj naMor iz.kke djrs gq, vijk/k ds fy, {kek
vkRe lfjrk 71

ek¡xhA egkjkt us mls le>krs gq, dgk&vPNk Hkfo"; esa fdlh lk/kq dk
vuknj ugha djuk vkSj iwNk fd rqEgkjk xyk Hkkjh&lk ekywe gksrk gS D;k
ckr gS\ th dqN lnhZ lh yx xbZ Fkh lar us vk¡[ksa uhps djrs gq, dgkA vPNk
rc rks flj esa nnZ Hkh gksxk\ larks"k flag bls pk; cukdj fiyk nks] Bhd gks
tk,xkA lar larks"k flag us lar lark flag ls vkuan HkSjo dh nks xksfy;k¡ ysdj
pk; ds lkFk ns nhaA ilhuk vk;k vkSj lar th LoLFk gks x,A bl ?kVuk ds
ckn rhl o"kZ rd lar vkRek flag us egkjkt dks ukjkt gksus dk volj ugha
fn;kA
vc rd lar vkRek flag th us Jh xq# xzaFk lkfgc dk ikB Hkyh&Hkk¡fr
'kq# dj fy;k FkkA lwDrkofy] oSjkX; 'krd] v/;kRe izdk'k] v/;kRe
jkek;.k] rqylh&d`r jkepfjr ekul vkfn xzaFk Hkh i<+ fy, FksA vc
egkjkt us xhrkfn izLFkku=;h i<+kuk vkjaHk dj fn;k FkkA
;g Øe py gh jgk Fkk fd vk/kk ekxZ'kh"kZ chrus esa rhu&pkj fnu gh
'ks"k Fks fd djkph ls nks lsod egkjkt dks ysus _f"kds'k vk igq¡psA
fQj fla/k dh vksj
vkxr fla/kh J)kyqvksa us] egkjkt ls lkFk pyus dk vuqjks/k fd;kA
egkjkt dh bPNk tkus dh ugha Fkh vkSj og ;gha jgdj lar vkRek flag th
dks O;kdj.k i<+kuk pkgrs Fks] ij HkDrksa us mUgsa etcwj dj fn;kA ,d HkDr
ds yM+ds dh 'kknh Fkh vkSj nwljk uo&fufeZr Hkou dk mn~?kkVu egkjkt ds
gkFkksa ls djokuk pkgrs Fks vkSj nksuksa us gh rkjh[k Hkh r; dj j[kh FkhA
fj'rsnkjksa dks 'kqHk fnu vkSj rkjh[k dh lwpuk Hkh nksuksa ifjokj Hkst pqds FksA
vr% vkius HkDrksa dk vuqjks/k Lohdkj djds pyus dh rS;kjh dhA ekxZ'kh"kZ
lqnh 5 laor~~ 1964 dks vkius _f"kds'k ls djkph dks izLFkku fd;kA
djkph esa vkidk HkO; Lokxr fd;k x;kA vki esa dqN izd`fr iznÙk
72 vkRe lfjrk

vn~Hkqr 'kfDr;k¡ FkhaA lqanj xkSj o.kZ] e/kqj ok.kh vkSj fo|k dk Hkjiwj [kt+kuk
vkids ikl FkkA 'kknh esa ftrus esgeku vk, Fks muesa ls vf/kdka'k vkids
f'k"; gks x, D;ksafd 'kknh ds le; egkjkt us oj&dU;k dks tks f'k{kk nh vkSj
blds ckn oj&o/kw dks tks vk'khokZn fn;k] og bruk Hkkoiw.kZ Fkk fd blls
igys yksxksa us dHkh lquk ugha FkkA vk'khokZn ds vuarj ekrk&firk vkSj
ca/kq&oxZ ds dÙkZO; ij izdk'k Mkyk rks os lHkh vk'p;Z&pfdr jg x,A
vkidh mins'k nsus dh 'kSyh vk'p;Ztud FkhA
djkph esa ftl lqanj dksBh esa vkidks fuokl djok;k x;k Fkk] og Luku]
'k;u vkfn dh lHkh lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa ls ifjiw.kZ FkhA mlesa vkids vfHkHkk"k.k
dk Hkh izca/k FkkA vkidh vn~Hkqr dFkk lquus ds fy, brus yksx vkus yxs fd
cSBus ds fy, txg ugha feyrh FkhA vR;f/kd HkhM+ ds dkj.k Jksrkvksa dks
d"V gksrk Fkk vr% Hkk"k.k ds fy, vyx edku fy;k x;kA bl ckj vkidk
bruk izHkko gqvk fd 'kgj ds cM+s&cM+s vehj] lsB lkgwdkjksa ds vfrfjDr
cM+s&cM+s odhy] cSfjLVj vkSj ttksa rd us vki ls xq#&nh{kk yhA lky ds
vkf[kjh fnuksa esa lD[kj ds izsfe;ksa us vkidks djkph NksM+dj vius lkFk
pyus ds fy, etcwj dj fn;kA muds izse esa ca/ks lD[kj i/kkjsA o"kZ ds
vkjaHk esa pS= ds eghus
psfr xksfoanq vjk/kh,s gksoS vuanq ?k.kkAA ¼iUuk 133½
dh igyh dFkk lD[kj esa dhA ;gk¡ Hkh vkids cgqr ls f'k"; cu x,A vc
vki gfj}kj tkdj cSlk[kh dk Luku djuk pkgrs Fks] ij fQj Hkh rhu ekg
rd izsfe;ksa us tkus ugha fn;kA Jko.k ds 'kq: esa dqN izseh vkidks f'kdkjiqj
ys x,A laor~~ 1965 dh nhokyh vkius ;gha eukbZA ;gk¡ ls gSnjkckn ds izseh
vkdj ys x,A ;gk¡ ik¡p ekg rd vkius ve`r o"kkZ dhA QkYxqu ds e/;
vkRe lfjrk 73

vki gfj}kj vk x,A ;gk¡ nl&chl fnu fcrkdj _f"kds'k ig¡qp x,A ogk¡
lar vkRek flag dks iapn'kh vkfn osnkar ds dbZ xzaFk i<+k,A dqN fnu vkjke
fd;k vkSj larkssa dks i<+s gq, xzaFkksa dks euu djus dh vkKk nhA dqN fnu
vkjke djus ds ckn lD[kj okyksa dh fourh Lohdkj djds laor~~ 1966 dh
nhokyh ij lD[kj pys x,A
vkids vanj iz'uksa dk larks"ktud mÙkj nsus dh vn~Hkqr {kerk FkhA
fdlh dk dSlk Hkh tfVy iz'u gks ;g egkiq#"k mfpr mÙkj nsdj iz'udrkZ
dk lansg nwj dj mls larq"V dj nsrs FksA ,d ckj Vksiunkl oxSjk HkDr vkSj
dbZ ,d tt] odhy i<+s&fy[ks yksx vkidks vkSj ;gk¡ ds vfr izfrf"Br ,d
egar egksn; dks ukSdk esa cSBkdj nfj;k dh lSj djkus ys x,A ;gk¡ cSBs gq,
,d odhy us /keZ laca/kh dksbZ iz'u fd;k rks os LFkkuh; egar egksn; tks
vPNs i<+s&fy[ks Fks] iz'u dk mÙkj nsus yxs rks Vksiunkl us dgk&egkjkt!
vki d"V u djsa] ge vius egkjkt ds eq[kkjfoan ls gh mÙkj lquuk pkgrs
gSA rc vkius laf{kIr 'kCnksa esa gh ;FkkFkZ mÙkj nsdj loky djus okyksa dh
rlYyh dj nhA tt] odhy vkfn vkids Kku dh xaHkhjrk ns[kdj gSjku gks
x,A vkidk mÙkj nsuk ,slk yx jgk Fkk] tSls Kku&jRuksa ls ifjiw.kZ dksbZ
;ksxh] egf"kZ vius fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dksbZ jgL; dh ckr le>k jgs gSaA ;g
ns[kdj mudh bruh J)k gqbZ fd mu lc us egkjkt ls mins'kke`r iku
fd;k vkSj r`Ir gks x,A
lD[kj esa rhu ekg jg dj vkius cgqr yksxksa dks lR;/keZ dh f'k{kk&
nh{kk nh vkSj dbZ J)kyqvksa dks ftUgksaus ve`r Ndus dh vfHkyk"kk dh Fkh
mUgsa ve`r iku djk;kA chfl;ksa yksxksa ds ?kjksa esa Jh v[kaM ikB vkfn
egkuq"Bku djk,A blh nkSjku djkph ls dbZ ,d HkDr vkidks djkph ys
74 vkRe lfjrk

tkus ds fy, vk x,A lD[kj okyksa dh vfHkyk"kk Fkh fd egkjkt vkSj dqN
fnu ;gha n'kZu nsa ij djkph okyksa ds vkxzg ls vkius pyuk Lohdkj dj
fy;k rks dqN lD[kj okys iszseh Hkh lkFk djkph x,A ;gk¡ djkph okyksa us
g"kksZYykl ds lkFk vkidk Lokxr fd;kA dFkk vkfn vkjaHk djus ls igys gh
lD[kj okyksa dks ykSV tkuk Fkk blfy, mUgksaus djkph okyksa ds lkFk fopkj
fd;k fd _f"kds'k esa vkJe cukus ds fy, egkjkt ls izkFkZuk dh tk, D;ksafd
gekjs xq# nwljksa ds edkukas esa tkdj jgsa] bleas gekjh gkfu gSA gekjs fy,
ueks'kh dh ckr gSA ,slk gks tkus ls gesa Hkh rhFkZ Lukukfn ds le; fjgk;'k
vkfn dh lqfo/kk jgsxhA djkph okys rks igys gh lksp jgs FksA lks nksuksa 'kgjksa
ds izsfe;ksa us feydj egkjkt ds pj.kksa esa lkxzg fou; dh] fd _f"kds'k esa
,d vPNk lar vkJe vkidh fjgk;'k ds fy, cuk;k tk,A ;g lqudj
egkjkt us dgk fd gekjs fy, rks ,d >ksaiM+h gh dkQh gS vkSj ;g Hkh ;s lar
yksx cuk ysaxs rc yksxksa us fQj vkxzg iwoZd dgk&fd ugha egkjkt] vki
lD[kj] djkph okyksa ds iwT; xq#nso gksdj] VwVh&QwVh >ksifM+;ksa esa jgsa] ;g
gekjs fy, yTtk dh ckr gSA vkJe rks vo'; cukuk gSA rks egkjkt us
dgk fd] HkkbZ! egkiq#"kksas ds opu gesa vkKk ugha nsrs] os dgrs gSa&
Qjhnk dksBs eaMi ekM+hvk mlkjsns Hkh x,AA
dwM+k lmnk dfj x, xksjh vkb i,AA ¼iUuk 1380½
;Fkk&
Qjhnk dksBs eaMi ekM+hvk ,rq u yk, fprqAA
feVh ibZ vrksyoh dksb u gkslh ferqAA ¼iUuk 1380½
;Fkk&
jax rekls cgq fc/kh pkb yfx jfgvkAA
fpfr u vkbvks ikjczgeq rk lji dh twfu xbvkAA ¼iUuk 70½
vkRe lfjrk 75

bR;kfn vusd opu >wBs vkMacjksa ls euk gh djrs gSA ij iszeh ihNk NksM+us
okys ugha FksA mUgksaus fQj n`<+ bjkns ls dgk&egkjkt] tgk¡ rd NksM+ tkus dh
ckr gS] cgqr Bhd gS ij >ksaifM+;ksa okys Hkh rks NksM+ dj pys gh x,A pys rks
lcdks gh tkuk gS] cfYd >kasifM+;ksa okyksa dks cukus djus ds fuR; u,&u,
Dys'k mBkus iM+rs gSaA vkJe cukus dk dk;Z rks ,d gh ckj gksxkA vr%
bruh fourh rks vkidks vo'; Lohdkj djuh iM+sxhA rc egkjkt us dgk
fd rqe yksx ugha ekurs rks dqN Bgjuk iM+sxk vkSj lkspuk iM+sxkA fdlh Hkh
dke dks vfr 'kh?kz ugha djuk pkfg,A
vfoosd gh lc foifÙk;ksa dk LFkku gSA vr% blds lc igyqvksa ij
fopkj djus dh t:jr gSA izsfe;ksa us iqu% viuk n`<+ fopkj nksgjk;k vkSj
dgk fd geus lc igyqvksa ij fopkj dj fy;k gSA vc dsoy vkidh
Lohd`fr dh gh nsj gSA rc egkjkt us dgk rks vki yksxksa dks _f"kds'k
pydj txg ryk'k djuh iM+sxhA vxj dksbZ tehu ilan vk xbZ rks cuok
ysukA
lc HkDrksa us [kq'kh eukbZ fd ,d izdkj ls egkjkt dh vkKk fey gh xbZ
gSA laor~~ 1966 dk lkjk lky egkjkt us fla/k gh esa xqtkjk vkSj vkf[kj
psfr xksfoanq vjk/kh,s gksoS vuanq ?k.kkAA ¼iUUkk 133½
dh dFkk djds laor~~ 1967 dh cSlk[kh dk Luku gfj}kj esa djds nks (2)
cSlk[k dks _f"kds'k igq¡psA q
76 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 20

_f"kds'k iqujkxeu
cSlk[k] tsB vkSj vk"kk<+ vkfn rhu ekl esa lar vkRek flag vkfn larksa
dks Jh tiq th lkfgc] vFkksZa lfgr i<+k;kA lar jke flag vkSj lar fo'os'oj
flag dks vejnklh mifu"knsa i<+kb±A Jko.k ds 'kq: esa eFkqjk o`ankou dh ;k=k
dks pys x,A ogk¡ ,d ekl] Hkxoku dh pj.kkafdr czt Hkwfe ds izkd`r lkSan;Z
dh NVk ns[kdj] jktLFkku ds lar vkJeksa dh ;k=k djrs gq, dkfrZd esa
dqyk;r ds esys ij igq¡p x,A jktLFkku dk ;g izfl) rhFkZ gSA ogk¡ cgqr ls
lk/kq egkRek Hkh ;k=k djus tkrs gSaA ;gk¡ ls pydj egkjkt gfj}kj gksdj
_f"kds'k igq¡p x,A lar vkRek flag us fla/k ls vkbZ gqbZ fpfV~B;ka fn[kykbZ
rks egkjkt muds vuqlkj vk/kk ekxZ'kh"kZ chrus ij djkph igq¡p x,A ;gk¡
fQj vkJe&fuekZ.k dh ckr pyhA HkDrksa us egkjkt ls vuqjks/k fd;k fd
xr o"kZ dh Hkk¡fr bl o"kZ Hkh dgha vU;= tkus dk d"V u djukA egkjkt us
eqLdjkrs gq, dgk&vc rks rqEgkjh ek¡x Lohdkj gS] ^^vxzs bZ'ojksosfr**A ;gk¡
vki lD[kj] f'kdkjiqj vkfn esa l)eZ xq#ok.kh dk izpkj djrs gq, 27 pS=
laor~~ 1969 dks gfj}kj igq¡p x,A cSlk[kh dk Luku djds vki _f"kds'k
i/kkjsA
q
vkRe lfjrk 77

rjax 21

vkJe ds fy, ijke'kZ

_f"kds'k esa vkdj egkjkt us dqN fojDr egkiq#"kksa&iafMr ukjk;.k
flag th] iafMr ewy flag th iziaph] iafMr gfj flag th dFkk okys] lkse th
egkjkt] xq# th egkjkt vkSj iafMr x.ks'kk flag th vo/kwr] vkfn ls fopkj
foe'kZ fd;k rks lc egkiq#"kksa us lgefr nh fd vkJe cu tk, rks vPNk
gSA ;gk¡ fueZy laiznk; dk dksbZ vkJe ugha gSA tks lar lnhZ ds dkj.k ;gk¡
d"V ekurs gaS] ;k o`) gSa mUgsa lnhZ ds ekSle esa d"V gksrk gS] ,sls egkRekvksa
ds fy, vkJe cuk;k tkuk mfpr gSA lar vkRek flag ls egkjkt us dgk&
D;ksa HkkbZ rsjh D;k jk; gSA D;k vkJe cuk;k tk, \ vkRek flag us us= uhps
djds dgk& egkjkt loZ leFkZ gSa tks Hkh fu.kZ; djsaxs og mfpr gh gksxk] eSa
rks vkidh vkKk esa pyus okyk ;a= gw¡A tSls egkjkt pyk,axs oSls pyrk
tkÅaxkA egkjkt ds lkeus dksbZ jk; dk;e djuk ;ksX;rk vkSj vf/kdkj ds
ckgj dh ckr gS] vr% vuqfpr gSA rks vPNk] ;fn fuekZ.k dk;Z vkjaHk dj nsa
rks rq>s gh lc dk;ZHkkj laHkkyuk gksxk] egkjkt us viuk fu'p; crkrs gq,
dgkA dke djus dh ftruh lkeF;Z vki iznku djsaxs mlds vuqlkj eSa vkKk
dk ikyu vo'; d:axk] vkRek flag dk fouhr mÙkj FkkA
vc lc dh iw.kZ lgefr gks xbZA blds 14 fnu ds ckn lD[kj] djkph
ls izfrfuf/k Hkh igq¡p x,A lar uRFkk flag ds ckM+k ds ikl] xaxk th ds
vfrlafudV [kkyh iM+h tehu lcdks ilan vk xbZA lcdh lgefr ls ;g
78 vkRe lfjrk

[kkyh iM+h Hkwfe [kjhn yh xbZA lar uRFkk flag dk ckM+k Hkh lar eaxy flag th
us ce; ¼lkFk½ viuh dqfV;k ds ckck th dks lkSai fn;k] nksuksa txg dh
jftLVªh Hkh gks xbZA lar eaxy flag th ckM+k vkSj dqfV;k lkSai dj Lo;a
mÙkjdk'kh pys x,A ;g egkRek ckck cqM~<k flag th ds xq#HkkbZ yxrs FksA
vk/kkjf'kyk
laor~~ 1969 dk ;g ikoure fnu Fkk tc txn~oanuh; Jh lkse th
egkjkt ds djdeyksa }kjk xq# ukud uke dh /koy&dhfrZ dk lkSjHk]
fnx~fnxar esa QSykus okys bl fueZykJe :Ikh dYir# dk f'kykU;kl fd;k
x;kA
igys xq# eafnj vkSj nks dejs cuk, x, vkSj pkj nhokjh dj nh xbZA
fueZy egkRek vkSj xq#&pj.kkuqjkxh izsfe;ksa ds fy, ;g vfr g"kksZYykl dk
fnu FkkA
pkj nhokjh ds vanj dqN >ksaifM+;ka lar egkRekvksa ds fuokl ds fy,
rS;kj djk nh xbaZA lkFk gh lkFk larksa ds fy, vUu {ks= Hkh tkjh dj fn;kA
bruk dke rks rqjar dj fn;k x;kA vkxs ds fy, uD'ks ds vuqlkj fuekZ.k&
dk;Z tkjh jgs] bldk lqanj izca/k dj fn;k x;kA ;kuh bZVsa] pwuk vkSj bekjrh
ydM+h Hkh FkksM+h cgqr [kjhn yh xbZA ,slk lqpk: izca/k dj fn;k fd bl
fueZyh unh dk izokg v[kaM :i ls tkjh jgsA ;g dguk vR;qfDr u gksxk fd
;g fnu] egar cqM~<k flag th ds HkO; HkkX; ds lw;ksZn; dk igyk fnu Fkk]
vkSj lar vkRek flag ds HkkX; dh ;g lqugyh izHkkr FkhA
vkt ds fnu ls egar cqM~<k flag th ft/kj Hkh x, mudh /koy dhfrZ dh
mTToy irkdk Å¡ph gh mM+rh xbZA NksVk&cM+k] xjhCk&vehj] lsB&lkgwdkj]
ljnkj lHkh dk flj egkjkt dh pj.k&iknqdk ij cjcl >qd tkrk FkkA
vfr papy y{eh Hkh fo".kq Hkxoku ds leku 'kkar xaHkhj LoHkko okys egar
vkRe lfjrk 79

cqM~<k flag th ds pj.kksa dh psjh cu xbZ FkhA

;g Hkh ,d fiz; lR; gS fd tc ls lar vkRek flag th egar cqM~<k flag
th ds laidZ esa vk, rHkh ls muds HkkX; dk flrkjk pedk vkSj bldk rst
fnuksa fnu rhoz gksrk x;kA ij blds lkFk ;g Hkh mruk gh lR; gS fd tc ls
lar vkRek flag th] egkjkt dh pj.k&'kj.k esa vk,] budh rdnhj dh
rlohj ds /kqa/kys jaxksa ij fu[kkj vkrk x;k vkSj ped Hkh c<+rh xbZA vFkok
;g Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS fd nksuksa egkRekvksa dk izkjC/k ijLij lkis{; Fkk]
tks ,d nwljs ds lgkjs ls rhozrj gksrk x;kA Bhd oSls gh tSls Lora= cgrh
gqbZ ty dh nks /kkjk,a ,d LFkku esa laxe ls] 'kfDr'kkyh egkun dh efgek
dks ik ysrh gSaA cl blh izdkj budh HkkX; /kkjk,a feydj egk efgeke; cu
xbZA vLrq dqN Hkh gks] ij
fnuq fnuq pM+S lokbvk ukud gksr u ?kkfVAA ¼iUuk 300½
ds xq#opukuqlkj ;g fiz; lR; rks lw;Z ds leku nsnhI;eku gS fd bu
HkkX;oku xq# f'k";ksa dk ;'kks/ku mÙkjksÙkj mTToyre gksrk x;k] fodflr
gksrk x;kA
q
80 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 22

'kqHkkjaHk
egkure dk;Z dk 'kqHkkjaHk gks pqdk FkkA blds izca/k dh vksj /;ku nsuk
vko';d FkkA bl lcds ckotwn] viuh lk/kuk vkSj f'k";ksa ds vuq'kklu ds
izfr ckck th lnk ltx jgrs FksA lw;kZLr ds lkFk lc larksa dks Msjs esa
mifLFkr gks tkuk vfuok;Z FkkA la/;k ds le; lc lar ,d lkFk cSBdj
jfgjkl lkfgc dk ikB djrs FksA egkjkt th chp esa cSBrs FksA uacj okj lc
larksa dks tqckuh ikB lqukuk iM+rk FkkA tgk¡ xyrh gksrh ogk¡ Vksd dj
egkjkt Bhd djk nsrs FksA larksa dk ikB Li"V vkSj 'kq) gksrk tkrk FkkA
Hkkstukuarj lc lar egkjkt ds ikl cSB tkrsA egkjkt lc larksa ls] i<+k,
x, xzaFkksa esa ls iz'u iwNrsA tgk¡ xyrh gksrh ogk¡ Bhd djk nsrs FksA ukuk
izdkj dh dFkk dgkfu;ka tks ekuo thou dks ifo= vkSj lQy cukus esa
mi;ksxh gksrh Fkha] lqukrs FksA Hktu] fparu laca/kh jgL; dh ckrsa crkrs tkrs
FksA nl cts jkr dks lc vius&vius vkluksa ij tkdj dqN dky Hktu
fleju dj lksrs FksA lw;ksZn; ds nks ?kaVs igys lcdks mB tkuk iM+rk FkkA
dqN Hktu fparu ds vuarj xaxk&Luku dj fuR; fu;e dk ikB vo';
djuk iM+rk FkkA bl izdkj lc larksa dks lnk lk/kuk esa layXu jguk gksrk FkkA
dHkh&dHkh lcdks cSBkdj 'kkafr ls le>k;k djrs fd ns[kks HkkbZ !
ri%iwr] lk/kuk layXu] fuR; fujarj czã&fparu ijk;.k] egkR;kxh]
ohrjkx] Hktukuanh] fojDr] egkiq#"kksa dh yhyk LFkyh gSA ;g _f"kds'k]
vkRe lfjrk 81

czãosrk eqfutuksa ds pj.k Li'kZ ls ifo= gq, ;gk¡ ds d.k&d.k esa v/;kRe
yksd dh fdruh foHkwfr;ka fNih gSa] ;g crkuk fdlh ds fy;s laHko ugha gSA
blfy, ;gk¡ jgdj pfj= fuekZ.k] Hktu] iwtu] lsok Lej.k djuk] 'kjhj
bafnz;kfn vkSj euok.kh ij fu;a=.k j[kuk] dke Øks/kkfn i'kq&/keksZa dk R;kx
djuk] fdlh ds izfr dBksj 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx ugha djuk] cM+ksa dk vknj
lRdkj djuk] LFkku esa vk, vH;kxr~ dh vknj ds lkFk lsok djuk lcdk
loZ izFke dÙkZO; gSA
lqHk fparu xksfcan je.k fueZy lk/kw laxAA ¼iUuk 522½
ds vuqlkj] bZ'oj fparu djuk] Hkys cqjs lcdk 'kqHk fparu djuk] fdlh dh
cqjkbZ dk fparu dHkh ugha djuk vkSj larks"k o`fÙk /kkj.k djuk] v/;kRe
egy ij igq¡pus dk izFke lksiku gSA tUur dk thuk gS ;k :gkfu;r dh
jkg ij igyk dne gS] bR;kfn ln~ mins'kksa dks vusd fo/k izek.kksa vkSj
dFkkvksa ds }kjk nksgjkrs FksA
'kkar vkSj xq# xaHkhj LoHkko ds gksus ij Hkh vuq'kklu ikyu djkus esa
otzleku dBksj FksA vkJe ds fu;eksa ds fo:) vkpj.k djus okyksa dks
vijk/k dk naM Hkksxuk gh iM+rk FkkA gk¡ ! vijk/k ds vuqlkj naM dBksj vkSj
dksey gks ldrk FkkA lar larks"k flag LoHkko ds vuqlkj dHkh&dHkh fdlh ds
izfr dBksj 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx dj cSBrs Fks vkSj lkFk gh izekno'k vuq'kklu
ikyu esa Hkh f'kfFkyrk fn[kkrs FksA mls vijk/k ds vuqlkj Mk¡V&MiV dj
vkSj dHkh dqN ltk nsdj vknr lq/kkjus gsrq fgnk;r dj nsrs FksA ij ,d
fnu la/;k&le; foyac ls vkus ij bruk fcxM+s fd lar vkRek flag vkSj
vo/kwr t;ey flag ds fou; djus ij Hkh mls ekQ ugha fd;k vkSj rqjar
vkJe ls ckgj fudy tkus dk gqDe fn;k vkSj mls rqjar jkr dks gh vkJe
82 vkRe lfjrk

ls ckgj gks tkuk iM+kA mls N% ekl blh izdkj b/kj&m/kj ?kwedj fcrkus
iM+sA N% ekl ds ckn vkdj {kek ek¡xh rks vo/kwr t;ey flag dh flQkfj'k
ij mls vkJe esa jgus dh vkKk fey ldhA
og ije n;kyq Fks] ij vuq'kklu ghurk dks cgqr cM+k vijk/k ekurs Fks]
blhfy, vuq'kklu Hkax ds vijk/kh dks {kek fey lduh vlaHko FkhA naM nsrs
le; muds LoHkko dh dkseyrk ukekywe dgk¡ foyhu gks tkrhA bl
egkekuo ds LoHkko dh dkseyrk] e/kqjrk ,oa dBksjrk dks ns[krs gq,] laLd`r
dh ,d lwfDr dk Lej.k gks vkrk gSA ;Fkk&
ctzknfi dBksjkf.k e`nwfu dqlqeknfiAA
yksdksÙkjk.kka psrkafl dks uq foKkrqegZfrAA
,d vksj rks vki Lo;a lk/kuk jr jgdj vius f'k";ksa vkSj lgpj larksa
esa ;e&fu;e lr~&larks"k vkSj fujarj bZ'oj&fparukfn nSoh lair~ ds ln~xq.kksa
dk lapkj djrs gq, vk/;kfRed mUufr ds iFk ij vxzlj gks jgs Fks] nwljh
vksj lRlkgl vkSj vuojr ifjJe ls] Lokoyach cudj thus dk mins'k
nsus ds fy, fuekZ.k dk;Z dks Hkh rsth ls pyk jgs FksA dfBu ifjJe ls lk/;
fuekZ.k dk;Z ds vxz.kh Fksµ vfr&cyoku toku lar vkRek flag th] rFkk
vk/;kfRed lk/kuk ds uk;d Fksµ vo/kwr t;ey flag thA Lo;a egkjkt
nksuksa ds dk;Z dk fujh{k.k djrs FksA
bl izdkj Js; ,oa isz; ;kfu v/;kRe&mUufr vkSj ykSfdd vH;qn; dk
dk;Z lqpk: :i ls py jgk FkkA bl rjg vkB&ukS eghus ;gk¡ yxkrkj
jgdj fcuk ukxk vfoJkar ifjJe ls LFkku dks bl ;ksX; cuk fn;k fd fla/k
vkfn ds nkSjs ls ykSVdj fQj vkSj txg u ryk'k djuh iM+sA blh esa gh lc
ds leqfpr fuokl dk mfpr izca/k gks ldsA
q
vkRe lfjrk 83

rjax 23

iqu% fla/k dh vksj

jksM+h lD[kj vkSj djkph ds HkDrksa dh vksj ls n'kZu nsus ds fy,
cgqr&lh fpfV~B;ka vk jgh FkhaA lks vkius fla/k ds lQj dh rS;kjh dj yhA
ij blds igys gh nsgjknwu ds izsfe;ksa ds vkxzg ls vkidks nsgjknwu tkuk
iM+kA ogk¡ nks fnu ds lRlax ds ckn 2 ikS"k laor~ 1969 dks djkph igq¡p
x,A bl ckj egkjkt us xq#ok.kh dk izpkj cgqr fd;kA izsfe;ksa dks eks{k&
iznku ve`rok.kh Jh tiq th lkfgc daBLFk djk;k vkSj tiq th lkfgc dh
dFkk djrs jgsA
bu fnuksa os dFkk rks dHkh&dHkh djrs] vDlj iz'uksÙkj ds :i esa gh
mins'k nsrs jgrs FksA dHkh vki xn~nh ij cSBs jgrs vkSj fla/kh HkDrx.k
xq#ok.kh dk dhrZu djrs jgrs] Hktu xkrs jgrsA vkids eq[kkjfoan ls
xq#ok.kh] xq#&?kjkus dh dFkk&dgkfu;ka ,oa izkphu _f"k&eqfu;ksa dh fofp=
thofu;ka lqukrs jgrs rkfd turk dh /kkfeZd Hkkouk dks thfor j[kk tk,A
vkids opuksa ls yksxksa dks 'kkafr feyrh Fkh] vr% os lqurs v?kkrs ugha Fks]
mdrkrs ugha Fks] vkids opuke`r dk iku djrs gq, ;gk¡ ikS"k dk eghuk
lekIr gks pyk Fkk fd jksM+h lD[kj ds izseh ysus vk x,A 28 ikS"k dks vki
lD[kj igq¡p x,A ;gk¡ vkids vkus dh [kq'kh esa 29 dks v[kaM ikB dk izkjaHk
dj fn;kA
84 vkRe lfjrk

edj&lØkafr esa ;kfu ek?k ekl esa iz;kx laxe ij Luku nkukfn dk
cgqr ekgkRE; fy[kk gSA ;g Hkh Bhd gks ldrk gS] ij vly iz;kx rks lRlax
gSA lRlax dk vFkZ lRiq#"kksa dh laxfr] lk/kq&larksa dk lkfUk/; ;kfu lk/kq
egkRekvksa ds ikl cSBdj ln~mins'kksa dk Jo.k djuk] euu djuk bR;kfn ls
ftKklq&tuksa dk dY;k.k gksuk laHko gSA 'kkL=ksa esa dgk x;k gS fd rhFkZ&
Luku dk rks u tkus Qy dc gksxk ij lRiq#"kksa dk lRlax rks muds mins'k
ve`r dk iku djus ls rqjar feyrk gSA ;Fkk&
lk/kuka n'kZua iq.; rhFkZHkrk% gh lk/ko%AA
dkysu Qyrs rhFkZ l|% lk/kq&lekxe%AA
egkRek rqylhnkl us Hkh lRlax dks gh iz;kx vkSj ogk¡ dk f=os.kh laxe
dgk gS&
eqn eaxye; lUr lektw]
ftfe tx taxe rhjFk jktwAA
jke&HkfDr tfg lqjlfj /kkjk]
ljlbZ czãkfopkj izlkjkAA
fof/k fu"ks/ke; dfyey gjuh]
deZ&dFkk jfouUnuh ojuhAA
c< foLokl vpy fut /kekZ]
rhFkZjkt lektq lqdekZAA
lcfg lqyHk lcfnu lcnslk]
lsor lknj keu dyslkAA
fcuq lRlax foosd u gksbZ]
jke&d`ik fou lqyHk u lksbZAA
lB lq/kjfg lRlaxr ikbZ]
ikjl ijl dq/kkr lqgkbZAA
vkRe lfjrk 85

xq# vtqZu nso th us rks bls vkSj Hkh vf/kd egRo iznku fd;k gS&
ukudq eaxS nkuq izHk jsu ix lk/kkAA ¼iUuk 678½
lkalkfjd yksx <w+¡<+rs gSa&ghjs&eksrh] yky&tokgj] lksuk&pkanh] /ku&
laifÙk] iq=&ikS=] jkt&Hkksx vkSj :i&tokuh ftudk pkj fnu dk Hkh Hkjkslk
ughaA
ij /kU; gSa xq# vtqZu nso th tks nku ek¡xrs gSa&larksa dh pj.k dkA
lk/kqvksa dh pj.k&/kwfy esa vo'; dksbZ djkekr gksxh ftlls xq#nso pj.k&
/kwfy dh ;kpuk djrs gSaA
bl izdkj ek?k ekl dh dFkk 21-22 fnu rd dhA ;gk¡ cgqr ls izsfe;ksa
dks xq#eq[kh dh o.kZekyk fl[kyk dj xq#ok.kh dk ikB djus yk;d cuk;kA
dFkk lqukdj [kkyh le; esa iz'uksa dk mÙkj nsrs vkSj izsfe;ksa ls dhrZu o
xq#&bfrgkl dh fdrkcsa lqurs jgrsA bl Hkk¡fr rhu ekg rd xq#er~&l)eZ
dk izpkj dj laor~ 1969 dh cSlk[kh dk Luku djds _f"kds'k igq¡p x,A
;gk¡ 5 ekl larksa dks xq#ok.kh rFkk vU;kU; xzaFkksa dk v/;;u djok;kA lar
vkRek flag th dks xhrk i<+kbZA
mn;&dkyhu lw;Z dh dksey fdj.ksa Hkys gh igys&igy lkeus okys n`';
ij gh iM+rh gksa vkSj mls gh izdkf'kr djrh gksa ij mlds vuarj rks leLr
fo'o esa QSydj lexz lalkj dks vkyksfdr djrh gSaA blh izdkj ckck cqM~<k
flag ds lq;'k:ih lw;Z dh fdj.ksa Hkh lks, gq, leLr fla/k dks txkus esa leFkZ
gks x;haA gSnjkckn] f'kdkjiqj vkfn 'kgjksa esa Hkh vkidh dhfrZ dh efgek ds
xhr lqukbZ nsus yxsA lc vksj ls ckck th dks cqykos vkus yx x, FksA
q
86 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 24

okd~&flf)
eSa gBkr~ ;g dgus dk lkgl rks ugha djrk fd vki iw.kZ ;ksxh Fks] ij
izR;{knf'kZ;ksa dh crkbZ gqbZ ?kVukvksa ls fuLlansg gksdj Mads dh pksV ls
dgrk g¡w fd vki esa okd~&flf) dh 'kfDr vo'; FkhA mnkgj.k ds fy, dqN
?kVukvksa dk fnXn'kZu djkuk mfpr le>rk gw¡A
laor~ 1979 dh ckr gS&djkph okys nhoku cwypan us iq=jRu ds vHkko
dk ftØ fd;k vkSj lkFk gh uezrkiw.kZ fou; dh fd dsoy d`ik&dVk{k dk
vkdka{kh gw¡A vkius vkrZ HkDr dh nq%[kiw.kZ fourh lqudj dgk&xq# ls
ek¡xuk gks rks ,d dk D;k ek¡xuk] nks ek¡xksA vkids vk'khokZn ls izHkq us d`ik
dhA ;Fkk le; nks nqyZHk jRu izkIr gq,A cM+s gq, rks vkius ve`r laLdkj
djds ,d dk uke bZ'oj flag j[kk] ftlus vkxs pydj odkyr ls Ik;kZIr
/ku vkSj ;'k iSnk fd;kA nwljs dk uke rkjk flag j[kk] mlus Hkh vius
dkjksckj esa vPNh lQyrk izkIr dh FkhA
blh izdkj vkids lsod ljnkj lsok flag th fla/k gSnjkckn okys viuh
dFkk lquk;k djrs FksA ;g ljnkj ugjh foHkkx esa gsM&DydZ FksA laor~
1985 esa ugjh foHkkx esa ,d u;k ,fXtD;wwfVo bathfu;j vaxzst+ fu;qDr
gqvkA ,d fnu mlus nhoku lsok flag dks dgk fd dy dks gekjs lkFk nkSjs
ij tkus dh rS;kjh dj yksA lsok flag us vt+Z ¼foarh½ dh fd gqtwj! gekjs
xq#nso gfj}kj ls i/kkjs gq, gSa] cgqr d`ik gksxh ;fn vki vkSj fdlh DydZ
vkRe lfjrk 87

dks lsok esa ys tk,aA vaxzst+ us dgk fd ugha rq>s gh tkuk iM+sxkA lsok flag
grk'k gksdj ckck th ds ikl vk;k vkSj lc lekpkj lquk;kA dgus
yxk&eq>s rks nkSjs ij ugha tkuk] Hkys gh bLrhQk nsuk iM+ tk,A ;g dnkfi
laHko ugha fd vki ds pj.k#ih dYir# dks NksM+dj vU;= pyk tkÅaA
egkjkt us dgk&lsok flag ! ?kcjkus dh t:jr ugha] xq# egkjkt vPNk gh
djsaxsA ckck th dk veks?k okD; lqudj J)kyq lsod lsok flag ?kj tkdj
fuf'par lks x;kA izkr% 10 cts dk;kZy; esa x;k rks vkQhlj us mls cqyk;kA
og Mjrk gqvk ikl igq¡pk fd D;k irk og D;k gqDe ns MkysA lkeus gksrs gh
lkgc us dgk fd ljnkj cgknqj ! rqEgsa gekjs lkFk tkus dh t:jr ughaA rqe
vius xq# dh lsok djksA lsok flag us dkj.k iwNk rks lkgc us crk;k fd jkr
gesa lQsn nk<+h okys cw<+s ckck th feys FksA mUgksaus dgk fd lsok flag dks er
ys tkukA eSa mlh le; ls pfdr gks jgk gw¡A blfy, rqe dks lkFk ys ugha tk
ldrkA gk¡ ij ,d ckr ekuks] vius xq# ds n'kZu eq>s t:j djkvksA
pkj cts lsok flag vk;k vkSj dqy gky egkjkt dks lquk;kA izfrfnu dh
Hkk¡fr ckck th lSj dks fudysA vaxzst dh dksBh ij x, rks vaxzst us nwj ls gh
Vksih mrkj dj lyke dh vkSj dgus yxk fd gk¡ ! ;gh ckck th gSa ftuds
LoIu esa n'kZu gq, FksA vaxzst us cgqr lRdkj ls egkjkt dks dqlhZ ij fcBk;k
vkSj Lo;a xyhps ij cSBk jgkA ;g ?kVuk lsok flag us egar vkRek flag th o
lar nsok flag th dks Lo;a lqukbZ FkhA
rhljh ckr laor~ 1986 dh gSA mu fnuksa vki dFkk okrkZ bR;kfn ugha
djrs FksA cgqr le; Hktu&ikB vkSj izHkq&fparu esa gh fcrkrs FksA ckdh
le; esa izseh HkDrksa dks ln~mins'k] f'k{kk&nh{kk vkfn vklu ij cSBdj gh
fn;k djrs FksA
88 vkRe lfjrk

nhoku tsBwey gSnjkckn okys ds 'kjhj esa O;kf/k gks xbZ FkhA vaMdks'k ij
d"Vizn QksM+k fudykA MkWDVjksa us jksx dks d"V&lk/; dgdj vkWijs'ku djus
dh lykg nhA ij lkFk gh fdlh fdLe dh xkjaVh nsus esa vleFkZrk izdV dhA
ifjokj okys lHkh ?kcjk x,A mlh le; ckck th dks rkj Hkstdj fourh dh
fd n;k djks ! cckZn gks jgs ?kj dks cpk nks ! mÙkj esa ckck th us J)kyq
lsodksa ij foifÙk le> dj vk'oklu fn;k fd vkWijs'ku er djkvksA
fpark NfM vfparq jgq ukud yfx ikbZAA ¼iUuk 517½
ukud fpark efr djgq fpark frl gh gsbAA ¼iUuk 955½
vkSj lxy jksx dk vkS"kn uke ds vuqlkj lruke~ Jh okfgxq# dk uke tiks!
xq# Hkyk djsaxsA egkjkt dk rkj x;k rks lc dks fo'okl gks x;k vkSj /kS;Z
vk x;kA /khjs&/khjs lsB tsBwey rks jksx&eqDr gks x,] ij b/kj vk'p;Z dh
ckr gS fd nwljs gh fnu ckck cqM~<k flag th ds vaMdks'k ij QksM+k gks x;k]
ij dqN fnu d"V nsdj /khjs&/khjs ;g Hkh vPNk gks x;kA ftlus Hkh ;g
vn~Hkqr ckr lquh og pfdr jg x;kA bl izdkj dh dbZ ,d fofp= ?kVuk,a
gSa tks vkidh vk/;kfRed 'kfDr;ksa dk ifjp; nsrh gSaA
laor~ 1966 esa fueZy Hks"k dh ,d tujy desVh laxfBr dh xbZ]
ftlds izsthMsaV vki dks cuk;k x;k Fkk vkSj 12 o"kZ rd vkius bl in dks
lq'kksfHkr fd;kA
xq#&iwf.kZek ds iq.; ioZ ij
'kqHk laor~ 1969 dh vk"kk<+ dh iw.kZeklh ftls xq#iwf.kZek Hkh dgrs gSa
ij] lD[kj vkSj djkph ls cgqr ls lsodtu vk x, ftUgksaus bl ikou
R;ksgkj ij vkids pj.kksa esa cgqr nf{k.kk viZ.k dhA cgqr ls J)kyq HkDrksas us
euhvkMZj }kjk nf{k.kk Hkst nhA tks vkids J)kyq vk, Fks mUgksaus tc
uo&fufeZr dejksa dh etcwrh vkSj [kwclwjrh dks ns[kk vkSj fuekZ.kk/khu lqanj
vkRe lfjrk 89

xq#&eafnj ,oa fo'kky Ikkd'kkyk dks ns[kk rks os cgqr izlUu gq,A muesa ls
cgqr izsfe;ksa us ?kj tkdj vkSj ek;k Hkstus dk opu fn;kA vxys nks fnuksa esa
lc yksxksa us ohrjkx fojDr egkRekvksa] dSyk'k vkJe vkSj LoxkZJekfn lar
vkJeksa vkSj y{e.k>wyk vkfn Hkxorh HkkxhjFkh dh fnO; n`';koyh ds n'kZu
fd,A buesa cgqr ls fla/k gSnjkckn vkSj f'kdkjiqj ds izseh FksA ftUgksaus Jh
ckck th dh efgek dkuksa ls lquh Fkh] vc vk¡[kksa ls ns[kus dh Hkkouk ls vk,
FksA mUgksaus fouez fuosnu fd;k fd egkjkt ! gekjs 'kgjksa ds yksx Hkh vfr
mRdaBk ls vkids n'kZuksa dh izrh{kk esa cSBs gq, gSaA vr% vc igys gesa n'kZu
nsdj d`rkFkZ djsaA
os lc J)kyq egkjkt ls vkus dk vk'oklu ysdj fla/k dks jokuk gks
x,A
q
90 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 25

f'k";ksa dks mins'k

bl ckj egkjkt us x`g&fuekZ.k dh vksj de] fdarq f'k";ksa ds pfj=&
fuekZ.k vkSj vk/;kfRed mUufr ds iFk ij vxzlj djus dh vksj fo'ks"k
/;ku fn;kA mUgksaus lc f'k";ksa dks cqyk;k vkSj lkeus cSBkdj isze ds lkFk
fgrdj mins'k nsus yxs&larksa! lquks vkSj dku yxkdj vPNh rjg lquks] rqEgsa
bl ckr dk /;ku j[kuk gS fd rqe ;gk¡ fdl fy, vk, gksA rqe ;gk¡ O;kikj
djus ugha vk,A rqe ;gk¡ ekuo thou dks lQy cukus ds fy, vk, gksA
vr% rqEgkjk eq[; iz;Ru mlh fn'kk esa gksuk pkfg,A lcls igyh ckr ;g gS
fd ^^vFkkU;k okpk foeqUpFk** ds vuqlkj ,slh ckrsa djuk NksM+ nsuk pkfg,
tks vuko';d gksa] ftudk lH;&lekt esa dksbZ ewY; u gks] tks fujFkZd gksaA
O;FkZ ds ckákMacj ls c[ksMs+ gh [kM+s gksrs gSaA vr% 'kkL= lEer ckrsa gh dguh
pkfg,aA izHkq&HkfDr dh ckrsa gksuh pkfg,aA ijLij isze c<+kus okyh ckrsa gksuh
pkfg,aA ekuofgr dh ckrsa djks] egkiq#"kksa dh lwfDr;k¡ ;kn djksA ,slh
dM+oh ckr eq¡g ls u fudkyks ftlls fdlh ds fny dks Bsl igq¡ps] ftlls
fdlh dk fny nq[ksA dM+oh rks jgh nj fdukjk] xq# ukud rks Qhds opu
cksyus dk Hkh fu"ks/k djrs gSa&
ukud fQdS cksfy,s ruq euq fQdk gksbAA
fQdks fQdk lnh,s fQds fQdh lksbAA
vkRe lfjrk 91

fQdk njxg lVh,s eqfg Fkqdk fQds ikbAA

fQdk ewj[kq vk[kh,s ik.kk ygS ltkbAA ¼iUuk 473½
ftldk viuh t+cku ij ftruk T;knk o'k gksxk og lekt esa mruh gh
T;knk izfr"Bk izkIr dj ldrk gSA lR; cksyus dk mins'k Hkh gesa okd~la;e
dh izsj.kk iznku djus ds fy, fn;k x;k gSA D;ksafd lalkj esa lR; cgqr de
gS] ge lR; cksysaxs rks de cksyus dh vknr iM+ tk,xhA bl rjg vuk;kl
gh ge okd~&la;e :ih xq.k ds vf/kdkjh cu tk,axsA osn dgrk gS ^^lR;a on
fiz;a on** rFkk xq#ok.kh esa ckjackj lR; laHkk"k.k dk gh mins'k gSA >wB cksyus
dh fuank dh xbZ gS&
dwM+h jkfl dwM+k okik#AA dwM+q cksfy djfg vkgkjAA
lje /kje dk Msjk nwfjAA ukud dwMq+ jfgvk HkjiwfjAA
¼iUuk 471½
lR; cksyus dk LoHkko n`<+ gks tkus ls okd~la;e dk xq.k Lor% vk tk,xk
vkSj ok.kh ds la;e ls gekjh eukso`fÙk vareqZ[kh gksus esa lgk;rk feysxh vkSj
fpro`fÙk vareqZ[kh gksus ls ge vkRe&fparu esa izxfr dj ldsaxsA vr% lR;
,oa fiz; cksyus dk ifo= xq.k /kkj.k djksA
la{ksi esa le>uk gks rks ;ksa lef>,] >wB ehBh 'kjkc gS tks udZ ds xgjs
xM~<s esa fxjkrh gS vkSj lR; e/kqjre ve`r gS tks LoxkZjksg.k dh Lo.kZe;h
lh<+h gSA q
92 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 26

lR; dk lk/ku
iz'u&egkjkt] fiz; ,oa lR; cksyus dk 'kqHk xq.k dSls /kkj.k djsa \ bldk
lk/ku D;k gS\ lek/kku&fiz; vkRekvksa] rqe ije fiz;re ijes'oj dks ikuk
pkgrs gks og rqEgsa vfr fiz; gSA mldks ikus ds fy, gh mldh HkfDr djrs
gks] mldh oanuk djrs gksA fnu jkr mldk fparu djrs gks] blfy, fd og
vkuan fuf/k gS] rqEgsa vfr fiz; gS] ;g Bhd gS \ gk¡ egkjkt ;g fcydqy lR;
gS vkSj lksyg vkus lR; gSA rks crkvks rqe mls vlR;] vfiz; vkSj dM+ok
cksy ldrs gks \ ckck th us iwNkA ugha egkjkt ! ;g dSls gks ldrk gS] og
rks gekjk vkjk/; gSA Lo;a rks D;k mls dksbZ xSj Hkh dM+ok cksys rks lgu ugha
gks ldrk] ftKklqvksa us tokc fn;kA egkjkt cksys&vPNk rks ;g crkvks
ftl esa rqEgkjk fiz; izHkq jgrk gks ftlesa mldk fuokl gks mls dM+ok cksy
ldrs gks\ ugha egkjkt ;g Hkh laHko ughaA D;ksa ugha laHko\ egkjkt! tSls
ftl egy esa Lo;a lezkV jgrk gks rks mls fxjkus dh ew[kZrk dkSu dj ldrk
gSA egkjkt us dgk&csVk Bhd dgrs gksA tSls jktk ds futh egy dks fxjk
dj mldk dksi&Hkktu cudj Lo;a ekSr ds eq¡g esa tkus dh ew[kZrk djuk gS]
mlh rjg Hkxoku var;kZeh dk eafnj gS ;g 'kjhjA cfYd ;ksa dguk vkSj Hkh
Bhd gS fd ;g lkjk lalkj gh mldk Lo.kZ&eafnj gSA ;Fkk&txn~xq# ukud
dk opu gS&
bgq txq lpS dh gS dksBM+h lps dk fofp oklqAA ¼iUuk 463½
vkRe lfjrk 93

rFkk&lc ?kV esjs lkbZ;ka] lwuh lst u dks;AA ds vuqlkj ;g lkjk lalkj
vkSj lalkj ds izk.kh Hkxoku ds jgus dk eafnj gSA bZ'oj :ih lezkV~ ds jgus
dk egy gSA gj izk.kh dk ân; vkSj ;g 'kjhj gS mldk dksV] blfy, dM+ok
cksy dj fdlh ds fny dks nq[kkuk Hkxoku ds eafnj dks gFkksM+s ekjdj rksM+us
ds leku t?kU; vijk/k ugha rks vkSj D;k gS\ f'k";ksa us dgk&gk¡ egkjkt !
;g rks vdkV~; lR; gSA bl ij vkSj Hkh dksbZ izek.k gS ftlls ;g ije lR;
gekjs ân;ksa esa Hkh c) ewy gks tk,\ ;kfu tM+ idM+ tk, vkils ;qfDr ;qDr
vkSj izek.k&iw.kZ jhfr ls Jo.k djds gekjk jkse&jkse g"kZ ls f[ky mBk gSA
egkjkt us dgk lquks&ftruk th pkgs lquksA bl ije lR; :ity ls
osn&'kkL= :ileqnz Hkjs iM+s gSaA Hkxoku] xhrk esa dgrs gSa&
eUr% ijrja ukU;r~ fdafpnfLr /kuat;AA
ef; loZfena izksra lw=s ef.k x.kk boAA
HkkokFkZ&gs vtqZu ! eq> ls fHkUu nqfu;k dk dksbZ inkFkZ ugha gSA ftruk
;g n`';eku lalkj gS og lc eq> esa mlh rjg vksr&izksr gS tSls ekyk ds
euds /kkxs esa vksr izksr jgrs gSaA eksrh dh ekyk esa ;g Hkyh&Hkk¡fr ?kfVr ugha
gksrk fdarq iatkc esa tks Åu dh ekyk curh gS mlesa ;g n`"Vkar Bhd rjg ls
?kfVr gksrk gSA D;ksafd lw= ds flok mlesa dksbZ oLrq miyC/k ugha gksrhA
lalkj ds leLr inkFkksZa esa eSa loZ= vksr izksr gw¡] eq> ls vfrfjDr ;gk¡ dqN
Hkh ughaA bruk gh ugha izR;qr os dgrs gSa loZ oLrq eq> esa gS vkSj lc oLrqvksa
ds vanj eSa gw¡] ,slk tks ns[krk gS eSa mlls dnkfi nwj ugha g¡w vkSj og egkRek
eq> ls nwj ugha] rFkk&
;ks eka i';fr loZ= lo± p ef; i';frAA
rL;kga u iz.k';kfe l p es u iz.k';frAA ¼xhrk½
;Fkk&
94 vkRe lfjrk

Qjhnk [kkydq [kyd efg [kyd olS jc ekfgAA

eank fdl uks vk[kh,s tka frlq fcuq dksbZ ukfgAA ¼iUuk 1381½
bruk gh ugha cfYd Jqfr rks ;gk¡ rd dgrh gS fd vkRen'khZ egkRek u
dsoy Hkxoku dks gh ns[krk gS fdarq viuh vkRek dks Hkh lc esa ns[krk gS vkSj
lc dks vius Hkhrj ns[krk gSA os fdlh ls ?k`.kk ugha djrs] fdlh dks ihM+k
ugha igq¡pkrsµ
;Lrq lokZf.k Hkwrkfu vkReU;sokuq i';frA
loZ Hkwrs"kq pkRekua rrks u fotqxqILesAA
blfy, HkkbZ u fdlh dks ihM+k igq¡pkvks vkSj u fdlh ls ?k`.kk djks] loZ=
vius fiz;re ds n'kZu djksA mlh dk gj 'okl&iz'okl esa Lej.k djksA mlh
dh ;kn esa eLr jgksA ^^;kns&bykgh o gtkj ckn'kkgh**A blfy, HkkbZ cM+&
cM+ djds fdlh ls u cksyks] u fdlh dk fny nq[kkvks] Hkxoku dk uke tiksA
cank cM+&cM+ D;k dj ys Hkxoku dk ukeAA
txr&rek'kk pkj fnu vkf[kj /kwy rekeAA
Hkxoku dk uke tiks] lc dh lsok djks] lc ls izse dk crkZo djks] lc
ls feydj jgksA jksfx;ksa dh] nqf[k;ksa dh ;Fkk laHko lsok lgk;rk djksA lknk
[kkvks] lknk iguks] lq[k nks rks lq[k ikvksxsA vr% lc ds fy, lq[k dh
dkeuk djksA fdlh dh cqjkbZ ds [;ky dks fny esa txg u nksA
ij dk cqjk uk jk[kgq phrAA
rqe dm nq[kq ugh HkkbZ ehrAA ¼iUuk 386½
Qwy tSlk thou cukvksA ns[kks Qwy Lo;a g¡lrs gaS vkSj rqEgsa g¡lkrs gSa]
dk¡Vk fdlh ds iSj dks cs/ku djrk gS vksj Lo;a VwVdj [kRe gks tkrk gSA rqe
fdlh ds fy, dk¡Vk er cuks] oju~ Qwy cuksA vius ân; dks lnk ln~
fopkjksa dk vkSj ifo= Hkkoukvksa dk eafnj cukvksA cãeqgwrZ ls igys mB
vkRe lfjrk 95

tkvks] gks lds rks fuR; unh&Luku djks ojuk nwljs ty ls ugkvksA
fuR;&fu;e dk ikB djds gh vUu&ty xzg.k djks] igys ughaA vkt dk
dke dy ij dHkh u NksM+ks] izHkq&izse ds jax esa jaxs gq, egkRekvksa dk lRlax
djksA dqfRlr tuksa dh dqlaxfr esa Hkwydj Hkh u cSBksA
ns[kks iRFkj dks gkFk ls NksM+ks og uhps xM~<s esa tk fxjrk gSA iaNh dks gkFk
ls eqDr vkdk'k esa NksM+ks rks og Å¡ph mM+ku yxkdj fnyd'k utkjksa dks
ns[kus dk yqRQz¼et+k@vkuan½ ysrk gSA vr% fuEu fopkjksa dks ikl esa QVdus
er nksA lnk mPp fopkjksa dks] ifo= Hkkoukvksa dks ân; esa LFkku nks] Å¡ps
mBks] fuEu xM~<s esa vius dks u fxjkvksA ;g thou dks lQy cukus dk
vuqHkwr ekxZ gSaA
blh 'kcksjkst+ esa my>dj u jgA
tk rsjs fy, dksuksa edka vkSj Hkh gSaA
rw 'kkgh gS ijokt+ gS dke rsjkA
rsjs fy, vkleka vkSj Hkh gSaA
vPNk foyac gks jgk gS] vc tkvks vkJe ds dke dks vkxs c<+kvksA ;g
dgrs gq, egkjkt us vius mins'kkRed Hkk"k.k dks lekIr fd;kA
q
96 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 27

prqjekl dh lekfIr ij
egkjkt dh vkKk ikdj lar vkRek flag us HkDrksa dks pk; fiykbZA
Hkkstukarj muds dejksa esa vklu yxk fn,A 'kke dh pk; ihdj HkDrksa us
egkjkt ls fou; dh&egkjkt ! dkfrZd iw.kZeklh ds ioZ esa FkksM+s gh fnu ckdh
gSaA fla/k gSnjkckn ds izseh HkDr] egkjkt ds n'kZu dh vfr mRdaBk ls izrh{kk
dj jgs gSaA egkjkt us Lohdkj djrs gq, lar vkRek flag th dks vkns'k fn;k
fd dy dks tkus dk izca/k 'kh?kz dj nksA
q
vkRe lfjrk 97

rjax 28

iqu% fla/k dh vksj

dkfrZd lqnh nloha laor~ 1969 dks egkjkt] vo/kwr t;ey flag vkfn
pkj f'k";ksa dks lkFk ysdj fla/k gSnjkckn igq¡p x,A dkfrZd iw.kZeklh dk
xq#&ioZ cM+h /kwe/kke ds lkFk euk;k x;kA yxHkx 20 gt+kj yksxksa us
egkjkt dk Hkk"k.k lquk vkSj /kU; xq# ukud /kU; ckck cqM~<k flag th dgrs
gq, ?kjksa dks ykSVsA pkj ekg ckn f'kdkjiqj pys x,A f'kdkjiqj ds izseh rks
pj.kke`r ysus esa ,d nwljs ls vkxs c<+dj J)kHkko O;Dr djrs FksA ;gk¡
lkr ekl ds fuokl ls gtkjksa HkDrksa us egkjkt ls ukeke`r ihdj tUe
lQy fd;kA blh izdkj vyx& vyx 'kgjksa esa nks lky rd ln~fopkjksa vkSj
ln~/keZ dk izpkj djds egkjkt ckck th vkf'ou 'kqDy ,dkn'kh laor~
1971 dks _f"kds'k igq¡ps rks ;gk¡ [kq'kh dh ygj nkSM+ xbZA vkJe ds larksa
dks rks ekuks ij ls yx x, FksA os mM+rs ls fQjrs FksA ân; xr g"kZ dks O;Dr
djus ds fy, mUgksaus Jh xq#&xzaFk lkfgc dk v[kaM ikB izkjaHk djus dh
egkjkt ls vkKk ek¡xhA egkjkt us muds mRlkg dks ns[krs gq, lg"kZ vkKk ns
nh vkSj vkns'k fn;k fd vkt vkSj dy edku dh lQkbZ dj yks vkSj
=;ksn'kh dks 'kqHkkjaHk djsaxsA
vki ,d ;'kLoh egku~ iq#"k vkSj f'k"Vkpkj dh euksje ewfrZ FksA vr%
egku~ vkRek tc dHkh ckgj dk nkSjk djds _f"kds'k esa vkrs rks >kM+h esa cM+s
o`) egkRekvksa ls feyus vo'; tkrs FksA blds lkFk gh dHkh [kkyh gkFk ugha
98 vkRe lfjrk

izR;qr Qy&Qwy vkfn HksaV djus ds fy, t:j ysdj tkrs FksA lks cM+kas dh
e;kZnk ds vuqlkj Qy&Qwykfn lkexzh f'k";ksa ls mBokdj ^>kM+h* esa fojDr
yg.k flag tks ^xq# th* ds uke ls izfl) Fks o egkjkt pank flag th tks
^lkse th* ds uke ls iqdkjs tkrs Fks] ds n'kZu ds fy, x,A >kM+h esa lc
egkRekvksa ls feys vkSj lc dk ;Fkk;ksX; lRdkj fd;k vkSj lkFk gh
'kjn~&iwf.kZek ds fnu ikB dh lekfIr ij HkaMkjs dk fuea=.k lc egkRekvksa
dks ns vk,A >kM+h ds egkRekvksa us Hkh vkidk cgqr vknj lEeku fd;kA
>kM+h esa egkRekvksa dh ;k=k djds okil vk, rks vkJe oklh larksa us
vkJe ds xq#}kjk dks /kksdj Hkyh&Hkk¡fr lkQ vkSj LoPN cuk fn;k Fkk vkSj
lqanj oL= Qwy&ekyk vkfn ls ltk jgs FksA egkjkt mudh J)k&HkfDr dks
ns[kdj cgqr izlUu gq, vkSj jkf= dks cknke] fd'kfe'k vkfn Mkydj [khj
cukus dk vkns'k fn;kA lar vkRek flag th nw/k ysus x, rks dbZ ,d vU;
fe= larksa dks fuea=.k ns vk,A bl izdkj jkf=&Hkkstu esa nl&ckjg lar
'kkfey gks x,A bl rjg ¼izdkj½ lar vkRek flag th dk lar lekt ds lkFk
isze ns[kdj egkjkt ds ân;&lkxj esa vkuan dh ygjsa mBus yxhaA mUgksaus
lar vkRek flag th dh rFkk vU; lekt&lsoh larksa dh eqDr daB ls iz'kalk
dh vkSj dgk fd gekjh bPNk Hkh ;gh gS fd gekjs vkJe esa egkRekvksa dk
vkuk&tkuk cuk jgs vkSj lk/kq& lar&egkRekvksa dh lRdkj lfgr lsok gksrh
jgs] D;ksafd lar&egkRekvksa ds lrlax vkSj lsok ls eu fueZy gksrk gS ij ;g
lc gksuk pkfg, fu"dke Hkko ls tks dqN Hkh lsok] Hktu] fparu] iwtk&ikB
vkfn 'kqHk dk;Z gSa] Hkxoku ds fufeÙk gh gksus pkfg,aA tks dqN Hkh djks os lc
dqN Hkxoku ds pj.kksa esa leiZ.k dj nksA vkuandan Hkxoku d`".k th us
vtqZu dks vkKk nh fd&
vkRe lfjrk 99

;Rdjksf"k ;sn'ukfl ;Ttqgksfl nnkfl ;r~AA

;riL;fl dkSUrs; rr~ dq#"o eniZ.ke~AA
xq# egkjkt us Hkh dgk gS&
eu fujey dje dfjAA ¼iUuk 678½
Hkxoku ds fufeÙk deZ djus ls eu fueZy gksrk gSA ;kn jgs fd fo'kq)
fueZy eu esa gh Kku gksrk gSA vU;= Hkh dgk gS&^^KkueqRi|rs iqalka fo'kq)s
fueZy psrflA** lp rks ;g gS fd euq"; dk eu gh fe= gS vkSj eu gh 'k=q
gSA eu gh nsrk gS vkSj eu gh fe= ca/kudkjh gSA vFkkZr ca/ku] nq[k] Dys'kkfn
Hkh eu gh nsrk gS vkSj eu gh eks{k dk dkj.k gSA vFkok nq[k&Dys'k dks nwj
dj 'kk'orkuan esa fuR; fujarj lq[k&ljksoj esa Mqcdh yxkus okyk gSA ;Fkk&
eu ,o euq";k.kka dkj.ka cU/k&eks{k;ksAA
fo'kq)a euks eks{kk; cU/kuk; efyua eue~AA
vFkkZr~ efyu eu ca/ku vkSj fueZy eu eks{k dk gsrq gSA
oL= ftruk efyu gksrk gS og mruk gh Hkkjh gksrk gS vkSj ftruk Hkkjh
mruk gh mldks mBkuk vkSj vks<+uk dfBu gSA vr% eu ftruk efyu gS]
Hkkjh gS] mldk thruk mruk gh dfBu gSA fueZy gksdj gYkdk gqvk eu
thruk vklku gSA blhfy, xq# ukud lkfgc us dgk gS&
Hkjh,s efr ikik dS lafxAA vksgq /kksiS ukoS dS jafxAA ¼iUuk 4½
eu] cqf) ij yxh gqbZ iki&deksZa dh eSy uke :ih fueZy ty ls /kksbZ
tk ldrh gSA bl izdkj /kksdj gYkdk fd;k eu gh eks{k dk dkj.k curk gSA
gydk&Qqydk fd;k gqvk eu thrk tk ldrk gSA eu vxj thr fy;k tk,
rks lkjs lalkj ij gh fot; laHko gSA xq# ukud dk opu gS&
eu thrs tx thrAA ¼iUuk 6½
HkDr izgykn us vius firk fgj.;d';i dh xoksZfDr;k¡ lqudj dgk
100 vkRe lfjrk

Fkk&firk th vxj vius NksVs&ls 'k=q eu dks ugha thr lds rks ckgj ds
'k=qvksa dks thr ysuk dksbZ ek;us ugha j[krkA vxj fdlh ds fdys esa vkdj
'k=q ?kql tk, rks ;g le>ks fd fQj mldh [kSj ughaA ;g eu:ih 'k=q rks
vkids fdys esa cSBk gS rks vkidh thr dk D;k vFkZ \ Bhd gh dgk gS fdlh
us& eu fjiq thrk lc fjiq thrsA
vr% euksektZu dk elkyk gS Hkxoku dk Hktu vkSj fu"dke deZA blfy,
tks dqN djks mls Hkxoku ds pj.kksa esa viZ.k dj nks vkSj dgks fd gs Hkxoku !
Ronh;a oLrq xksfcUn rqH;eso leiZ;sA*
bl izdkj fueZy fd, x, eu esa gh Kku T;ksfr dk mTToy izdk'k gksrk
gSA mlh fuR; lq[k Lo:i ije in dh izkfIr gksxh] tgk¡ igq¡p dj euq"; iqu%
lalkj&pØ esa ugha Q¡lrkA ogh Hkxoku dk ije /kke gS ftlds fy, Jh
d`".k th us izfrKk dh gS&^^;n~xRok u fuorZUrs r)ke ijea eeA** bl izdkj
egkjkt vius f'k";ksa dks ;Fkk le; f'k{kk nsrs jgrs FksA le; fudky dj Msjs
ds fglkc&fdrkc dh tk¡p Hkh dj ysrsA fd, gq, dke dh [kwfc;k¡ vkSj uqDl
ns[krs tkrs FksA lc dqN Bhd Fkk ij tgk¡ dqN =qfV;k¡ Fkha mUgsa Bhd djok;kA
D;ksafd os Hkyh&Hkk¡fr tkurs Fks fd ;fn dke djus okys euq"; ls xyfr;k¡ gks
gh tkrh gSaA tks ;g dgrk gS eq>s xyrh ugha gqbZ rks ;g le>ks fd mlus dHkh
dqN fd;k gh ughaA ;g ekuo fd LoHkko dh deh gS fd og dqN u dqN Hkwy
gh tkrk gSA dqN xyrh Hkh dj gh tkrk gSA xq# ukud nso th us fdruk
lqanj dgk gS&
Hkqy.k vanfj lHkq dks vHkqyq xq: djrk#AA ¼iUuk 61½
xq# rsx cgknqj th us Hkh Qqjek;k gS &
dgq ukud izHkq fcjnq iNkum rc gksm ifrr rjmAA ¼iUuk 685½
dchj th Hkh bldh iqf"V djrs gSa&
vkRe lfjrk 101

jkf[k ysgq ge rs fcxjhAA

lhyq /kjeq tiq Hkxfr u dhuh
gm vfHkeku Vs< ixjhAA ¼iUuk 856½
tc vkius xyfr;ksa vkSj =qfV;ksa dh vksj /;ku fnyk;k rks lar vkRek
flag th us uezrk ds lkFk {kek ek¡xhA tgk¡ xyrh fdlh nwljs lar dh Fkh
mldh ftEesnkjh Hkh vius Åij yh vkSj mlds fy, Hkh gkFk tksM+dj {kek
ek¡xh vkSj pj.k Nwrs gq, dgk&
jkf[k ysgq ge rs fcxjhAA
dfg dchj bg fcurh lquhvgq er ?kkygq te dh [kcjhAA
¼iUuk 856½
naM nsus ds fopkj ls ugha] vki rks =qfV;k¡ nwj djus dh otg ls tk¡p
iM+rky djrsA og bl jkt+ ¼jgL;½ dks [kwc tkurs Fks fd deZpkjh dke Hkys
gh vPNk djrk gks vkSj og ekfyd ls Hkh T;knk tkudkjh j[krk gks rc Hkh
mlds dke dh tk¡p ;k ns[k js[k vo'; djuh pkfg,A tks ekfyd bl izdkj
dÙkZO; dk ikyu ugha djrk og xyrh ij gS D;ksafd deZpkjh tc tku ysrk
gS fd esjs dke dh ns[k&js[k djus okyk dksbZ ugha gS rks og dHkh csijokgh ;k
izekn Hkh dj ldrk gS] vkSj izekn o'k uqdlku gks gh tkrk gSA blfy,
ekfyd dk QtZ+ gS fd ekrgr ¼vk/khu½ dke djus okyksa ds dke dh tk¡p
vo'; djsA tks ekfyd ,slk ugha djrs os Hkwy djrs gSa vkSj [k+kl djds os
cM+s yksx ftudh ftEesnkfj;k¡ [kqnk ftruh cM+h gksaA
bl izdkj ckck th egkjkt] tgk¡ fdlh ls feyus tkrs ogk¡ lar vkRek
flag th dks vo'; lkFk ys tkrs FksA bl rjg lar vkRek flag th dks chrjkx
fojDr egkRekvksa vkSj czãfu"B loZ= len'khZ egkiq#"kksa ds lkjHkwr ve`r
ljh[ks opuksa dks lquus dk vkSj muds fnO; thou dks lfUudV ls ns[kus dk
102 vkRe lfjrk

volj fey tkrkA bl izdkj muds ifo= thou pfj=] ifo= fp=kofy dh
jaxhu >k¡dh dh rlohj dks viuh varj&vkRek esa mrkj ysrs vkSj mudh
jaxhu rlohj ls viuh rdnhj dh rkehj djrs jgrsA ;gh otg Fkh lar
vkRek flag th ds brus vf/kd lw>oku vkSj nwjn'khZ gksus dhA os cksyrs cgqr
de Fks] lksprs cgqr T;knk FksA os dFku dh vis{kk euu vf/kd djrs Fks]
blh fo'ks"k xq.k ds dkj.k le;&le; ij cksys gq, egkRekvksa ds lkj xfHkZr
opuksa dks os ân;axe dj ysrsA blhfy, os opu mUgsa lnk loZnk vius
Le`fr&iVy ij izR;{k nh[krs jgrs vkSj og muds /kU; thou dh jaxhu
>kafd;k¡ mUgsa lnk lkeus fn[kkbZ nsrh jgrh FkhaA blls mudh varjkRek
vf/kdkf/kd /kqyrh xbZ vkSj fnuksafnu fu[kjrh xbZ ftlls os nqyZHk oLrq]
vkReKku ds vf/kdkjh cu dj /kU; gks x,A
q
vkRe lfjrk 103

rjax 29

'kjn iwf.kZek ij v[kaM ikB vkSj lar lekxe

'kjn _rq dh 'khr jkrsa] lRlax ls HkDr tuksa dh HkfDr ds leku fnuksa&
fnu c<+ jgh gSA xaxk dh /koy/kkjk] rhj&r# rys lekf/k&yhu rifLo;ksa dh
d`'k dk;k ds leku lw[krh tk jgh gSA dgha dgha rks og fojfg.kh dh os.kh ds
leku iryh fn[k jgh gSA pk¡n dh pk¡nuh us /kjrh vkdk'k nksuksa ij ekuksa
pk¡nh dh ikWfy'k p<+k j[kh gSA blh ls rkjksa dh vk¡[ksa pqfU/k;k lh xbZ gSaA
'kk;n os lHkh jtuh ek¡ dh xksn esa tkdj lks tkuk pkgrs gSaA m"kk jkuh us
jDrkHk yfyr eq[kkjfoan ls dkyh pqufj;k dk ?k¡w?kV gVk fn;k gSA eafnjksa ds
?kaVk ?kfM+;kyksa dh ?kukuqdj.k&dkfjf.k /ofu us lksbZ uxjh dh lq[kn uhan esa
ekuks fpaxkjh lh yxk nh gSA dksbZ dksbZ izHkq&I;kjk HkDr xaxk Luku ds fy, tk
jgk gSA lw;Z ukjk;.k dh lqugjh fdj.kksa us lalkj dks lqugjs jax esa jaxuk
'kq: dj fn;k rFkk izHkkr ds 'khry iou esa ehBh vkokt+ x¡wt mBh&
Ckkchgk vafezr ossyS cksfyvk rka nfj lq.kh iqdkjAA
es?kS uks Qqjekuq gksvk ojlgq fdjik /kkfjAA
gm fru dS cfygkj.kS ftuh lpq jf[kvk mfj /kkfjAA
ukud ukes lHk gfjvkoyh xqj dS lcfn ohpkfjAA ¼iUuk 1285½
gSa ! dgk¡ ls vk jgh gS ;g e/kqj /ofu\ ,d laU;klh us vk'p;Z O;Dr djrs
gq, dgkA Jh xq# xzaFk lkfgc dk v[kaM ikB gks jgk gS] Lokeh th vkSj vkt
gh mldh lekfIr gksus okyh gSA ,d LukukFkhZ fueZy lar egkRek us crk;k
vPNkA rc rks 'kk;n HkaMkjk Hkh gksxk] ije gal us ;g tkuus dh bPNk ls
104 vkRe lfjrk

iwNkA fueZy lar us tokc nsrs gq, dgk&gk¡] Lokeh th Bhd ckjg cts iafDr
yx tk,xhA bl okrkZyki dks Hkax djrh gqbZ] gkjeksfu;e&rcyk dh /ofu esa
feyh gqbZ vkokt+ vkbZ&
tSrljh egtk 5AA
gfj tu flejgq fgjnS jkeAA
gfj tu dm vink fudfV u vkoS iwju nkl ds dkeAA 1AA jgkmAA
dksfV fc?ku fculfg gfj lsok fugpyq xksfon /kkeAA
Hkxoar Hkxr dm Hkm fdNq ukgh vkn# nsor tkeAA 1AA
Rkft xksiky vku tks dj.kh lksbZ lksbZ fculr [kkeAA
Pkju dey fgjnS xgq ukud lq[k lewg fcljkeAA 2AA ¼iUuk 702½
laxhrdkjksa us bls HkSjoh esa izse ls xk;kA
bl ikou /ofu ds lkFk gh b/kj m/kj ls dk"kk; oL=/kkjh egkRek fueZy
vkJe dh vksj vkus yxsA >kM+h ds fojDr larksa dh eaMyh] egku~ fo}ku~
egkiq#"k ckck izse flag th ds usr`Ro esa vkJe dh vksj jokuk gks xbZA mu
R;Dr loZLo egkRekvksa dks ns[kdj ,slk yxrk Fkk tSls Hkxoku cq) ds usr`Ro
esa ckS) fHk{kqvksa dh Vksyh fdlh lezkV ds egyksa dh vksj tk jgh gSA fueZy
vkJe pgq¡ ¼pkjksa½ vksj ls yky jax ls jaxk x;k FkkA >kM+h okys fojDrksa dh
tekr ¼Js.kh½ vkJe esa igq¡ph rks vkJe ds lc larksa us vkxs vkdj
Qwyekykvksa ls Lokxr fd;kA lc egkRekvksa dks ;Fkk;ksX; LFkku esa vknj&
lRdkj ls cSBk;kA laxhrdkjksa us dhrZu lekIr fd;kA ikSus X;kjg dk le;
gks pqdk FkkA egkjkt us lknj izkFkZuk dh fd fojDrksa esa ls dksbZ egkRek
izopu djus dh d`ik djsaA rc fo}ku~ lekt ds Hkw"k.k Jh 108 iafMr jke
flag th us ianzg feuV rd ^^lR;e~ f'koe~ lqUnje~** ij Hkk"k.k nsdj egar
cqM~<k flag th ls izkFkZuk dh fd ge rks vkils xq#ok.kh dh dFkk lquus vk,
vkRe lfjrk 105

gaS vr% vki dFkk lqukus dh d`ik djsaA

rc ckck th egkjkt us fuEufyf[kr 'kCn dh cM+h gh lqanj O;k[;k dh%&
VksMh egyk 5 ?kj 5 nqins
1 vkasdkj lfRkxq# izlkfnAA
,slks xquq esjks izHk th dhuAA
iap nks[k v# vga jksx bg ru rs lxy nwfj dhuAA jgkmAA
ca/ku rksfj Nksfj fcf[kvk rs xqj dks lcnq esjS ghvjS nhuAA
:iq vu:iq eksjks dNq u chpfjvks izes xfgvks eksfg gfj jax HkhuAA 1AA
isf[kvks ykyuq ikV chp [kks, vun fprk gj[ks irhuAA
frl gh dks fxzgq lksbZ izHkq ukud lks Bkdq# frl gh dks /khuAA 2AA
¼iUuk 716½
eaxykfn f'k"Vkpkj ds vuarj vkius dgk&f=xq.kkrhr] riLoh]
rRokrRo& foospd] fojDr egkiq#"kksa! xq#pj.kkuqjkxh] ln~x`gLFk izsfe;ksa!
vkt ge vius vgksHkkX; le>rs gaS] tcfd vrho fojDrkRek egkRekvksa us
gekjh izkFkZuk Lohdkj djds vkJe dks pj.k js.kq ls ifo= djus dh cgqr
d`ik dh gSA iafMr jke flag th egku~ fo}ku~ gSa] vPNk gksrk ;fn os Lo;a
'kkL= ds xw<+ jgL; dks le>krs ij mUgksaus eq>s gh fopkj O;Dr djus dks
dgk gSA vLrq xq#ok.kh] lkaiznkf;d fopkjksa ls loZFkk nwj jg dj izk.kh ek=
ds fgr dk mins'k djrh gSA ekuo ân; dks fuHkZ;] funksZ"k] fueZy vkSj ifo=
cukdj Js;&ekxZ ij pykuk xq#ok.kh dk ije mn~ns'; gSA og bZ'oj HkfDr
vkSj ekuo&lsok :il)eZ esa yxkdj tu ekul dks laklkfjd oklukvksa ls
foeqDr djuk pkgrh gS rkfd euq"; vkRe dY;k.k dk vf/kdkjh cu ldsA
xq#ok.kh ,d ¶;wt+ dh rkj gS tks ân; :ih cYc dks egkikoj gkml]
vkuanfuf/k ije n;kyq ijekRek ds lkFk tksM+dj izdkf'kr djuk pkgrh gSA
106 vkRe lfjrk

xq#ok.kh ,d bykgh jks'kuh gS tks balku dh /kq¡/kyh jkgksa dks jks'ku djuk
pkgrh gS ftlls og ml nqfu;k dh ikd ¼ifo=½ gok esa lq[k dh lk¡l ys
lds] tgk¡ nqbZ dk nq[k nnZ vkSj uQjr dk ukeksfu'kku u gksA
la{ksi esa Hkkjrh; lkfgR; 'kkL= ds fu;ekuqlkj xq#ok.kh og lRlkfgR; gS
tks ekuo dks lkjs lalkj esa ^^lR;a f'koa lqanje~** dk n'kZu djkdj lq[k
Lo:i fo'okRek esa foyhu dj nsuk pkgrh gSA
xq# vtqZu nso th egkjkt us vej lkfgR; ¼ok.kh½ dh ltZuk dj]
ln~fopkj] bZ'k&HkfDr vkSj vkRe&Kku dh og 'khry /kkjk izokfgr dh gS tks
lnk loZnk ekuo ân; ds ikiksa dks /kksdj mls fueZy cukrh jgsxhA
nqfu;k ds gj balku dks ik¡p ,scksa ¼nqjkpkj½ us gSoku&lk cuk j[kk gSA ;s
flQZ NksVs oxZ ds euq";ksa ds fgrkas dks gh ranwj dh rjg rikrs gksa] ,slh ckr
ugha gS] cfYd vehjksa] ljnkjkas] 'kkgksa vkSj 'kgu'kkgksa dks Hkh dckc dh rjg
Hkwurs jgrs gaSA ;gk¡ rd fd cM+s&cM+s ihjksa] Q+dhjksa] lkfnd] eqYykvksa vkSj
cM+h&cM+h vt+er j[kus okyksa ds fnyksa dks Hkh vNwrk ugha NksM+rsA ;s buds
fnyksa esa Hkh ,slh cqjkb;ksa dks iSnk djrs gSa tks balku dks Hkxoku ls dkslksa nwj
Qsad nsrh gSaA ;s gt+jr dgus dks ik¡p gSa] exj bu esa ls ,d&,d gt+kjksa
cqjkbvksa dks tUe nsrk gSA tSls [kl[kl dk ,d vnuk&lk nkuk ¼uUgk lk
nkuk½ vius MksMs ds vanj gtkjksa nkus iSnk dj nsrk gSA bruk gh ugha og ml
MksMs esa ls t+gj ds ekfuan dM+oh vQhe dks Hkh iSnk djrk gS tks balku dh
reke [kwfc;ksa dks [kRe dj Mkyrh gSA balku dss ftLe ¼'kjhj½ ls reke [kwu
ih tkrh gS vkSj og gfM~M;ksa dk <k¡pk&lk jg tkrk gSA nj&nj dk fHk[kkjh
cu tkrk gS ;k csfxur xqukgksa dk Hkkj flj ij ykn dj vkf[kj tgUuqe
¼ujd½ dh jkg ysrk gSA buls cpus dk ,d gh jkLrk gS] og gS [kqnk dh
vkRe lfjrk 107

iukg] Hkxoku dh 'kj.kA

ckck Qjhn dgrs gSa&
rsjh iug [kqnkb rw c[klanxhAA
ls[k QjhnS [kS# nhtS canxhAA ¼iUuk 488½
lPps fny ls Hkxoku ls fourh djks fd gs n;ke; Hkxoku] gs nhu
n;kyq! eSa rsjh 'kj.k esa gw¡] bu uhpksa ls eq>s cpkvksA v/keksa ls NqVdkjk
fnykvks ftlls eSa vkidh HkfDr djds ekuo thou dks lQy cuk yawA gs
nq%[k&Hkatu Lokeh ! eq> vlgk; vukFk dh j{kk djksA rqe ifo= ikou gks]
n;k ds lkxj gks] len'khZ gks] n;k&ty ds nks NhaVs ekjdj esjs ikiksa dks /kks
Mkyks] esjk csM+k ikj gks tk,] ikj mrkjk gks tk,A
lwjnkl us dgk gS&
izHkq th esjs vkSxqu fpÙk uk /kjksAA
len'khZ gS uke frgkjks] pkgks rks ikj djksAA
bl izdkj vkrqj cudj tc izHkq&pj.kksa esa fourh dh tkrh gS rks
v'kj.k&'kj.k Hkxoku] n;k djds fdlh ihj&Qdhj ls HksaV djk nsrs gSa rks
og egkRek ijekRek ls feyus dk jkLrk cuk nsrs gSaA og mins'k :ih ve`r
dk ?k¡wV fiykdj gekjs ân; ds ikiksa dks /kks Mkyrs gSaA uke ve`r :ih ty ls
gekjs eu dh eSy dks /kksdj ,slk 'kq) ifo= vkSj fueZy cuk nsrs gSa] rks
fueZy eu ds 'kh'ks esa nh[kus yx tkrh gS ml vfr lqanj eueksgu dh lqanj
>k¡dhA rks og vk fojktrs gSa fueZy eu ds 'kqHk flagklu ij] cl 'krZ ;gh gS
fd lPps fny ls fourh dh tk, tSls&
fdjik djgq nhu ds nkrs esjk xq.kq vox.kq u chpkjgq dksbZAA
ekVh dk fdvk /kksiS Lkqvkeh ek.kl dh xfr ,ghAA ¼iUuk 882½
vusd HkDrksa us blh rjg izkFkZuk dh gS tSls HkDr jfonkl th dgrs gSa] gs
108 vkRe lfjrk

izHkq th ! bu ik¡pksa us esjs eu dks fcxkM+ fn;k gS vkSj vkids pj.kksa ls nwj ys
tkdj Qsad fn;k gS&
bu iapu esjks euq tq fcxkfjvksAA
iyq iyq gfj th rs var# ikfjvksAA ¼iUuk 710½
ifj.kke ;g gqvk gS] pgq¡ ¼pkjksa½ vksj ls nq%[kksa ls f?kj x;k gw¡&
tr ns[km rr nq[k dh jklhAA vtkSa u iR;kb fuxe Hk, lk[khAA
xksre ukfj mekifr LokehAA lhlq /kjfu lgl Hkx xkehAA
bu nwru [kyq c/kq dfj ekfjvksAA cMks fuyktq vtgw ugh gkfjvksAA
dfg jfonkl dgk dSls dhtSAA fcuq j?kqukFk ljfu dk dh yhtSAA
blh ckr dks xq# ukud th us cgqr gh lqanj 'kCnksa esa dgk gS&
vofj iap ge ,d tuk fdm jk[km ?kj ck# eukAA
Ekkjfg ywVfg uhr uhr fdlq vkxS djh iqdkj tukAA
lzh jke ukek mp# eukAA vkxS te nyq fc[keq ?kukA ¼iUuk 155½
blh ckr dks xq# vtqZu nso th Hkh dgrs gSa& eSaus ml ije n;kyq
Hkxoku dh 'kj.k yh gS rks mUgksaus ik¡pkas nks"k esjs ân; ls fudky dj nwj Qsad
fn, gSa vkSj esjk vgark eerk dk vlk/; jksx fudkydj esjs ru vkSj eu
dks ifo= cuk fn;k gS&
,slks xquq esjks izHk th dhuAA
iap nks[k v# vga jksx bg ru rs lxy nwfj dhuAA ¼iUuk 716½
dksbZ Hkh vPNh pht+ ftlesa fojks/kh rRo fey tk,] og nwf"kr gksdj ykHk
dh ctk; gkfu T;knk djrh gSA tSls nw/k mÙke inkFkZ gS] ij mlesa vxj
FkksM+h dkath feyk nh tk, rks og fdlh dke dk ugha jgrkA blh izdkj ngh
Hkh vkjksX;rk c<+kus okyh 'kfDro/kZd ve`r oLrq gS] vxj mlesa xkscj feyk
fn;k tk, rks mlesa fcPNw iSnk gks tkrs gSaA vaxwj ,d ve`r Qy gS] ij mls
lM+k fn;k tk, rks og vuFkZdkjh 'kjkc cu tkrh gSA xaxk th ds ifo=
vkRe lfjrk 109

fueZy ty esa feV~Vh feyk nh tk, rks og nwf"kr gksdj jksx mRiUu djus okyh
[kjkc pht cu tk,xhA blh izdkj fcxM+s gq, ty esa fQVdjh Mkydj fVdk
fn;k tk, rks feV~Vh rys cSB tk,xh vkSj og ty ihus ds ;ksX; cu tk,xkA
blh izdkj vxj ekuo ân; dks fVdk fn;k tk, rks og Hkh fueZy gksdj]
vkReKku ikus ds ;ksX; cu ldrk gS vFkkZr~ mlesa papyrk fo{kksHk mRiUu
djus okys jkx vkSj }s"k gSA ogh cM+s nks"k gSa tks gekjs eu dks fo{kqC/k vkSj
efyu cukrs gaS] blfy, jkx&}s"k ls cpuk pkfg,A lcls cM+s fo/udkjh ;s
gh gSaA Hkxoku d`".k dgrs gSa&
bafnz;L; bafnz;kFksZ jkx}s"ksks O;ofLFkrkSA
r;ksu± o'kekxPNsr~ rkS ãL; ifjifUFkukSAA
vk¡[k] dku vkfn gj ,d bafnz; ds fo"k; esa jkx vkSj }s"k fu;r gS
vFkkZr~ vk¡[k dk fo"k; gS&:iA iq=] fe= vkfn dh I;kjh 'kDykslwjr dks
ns[kdj gekjk fny [kq'kh esa mNy iM+rk gS ij 'k=q vkfn dks ns[kdj ge Øks/k
vkSj ?k`.kk dh vkx ls ty mBrs gaSA ;kfu iq=] fe= vkfn ds izfr jkx us vkSj
'k=q vkfn esa }s"k us] nksuksa us gh gekjs ân; dks nwf"kr cuk;k gSA vr% ;s nksuksa
gh R;kx nsus pkfg,aA
iraxk nh, ds :i esa jkx gksus ls mldh vkx esa ty ejrk gSA vk¡[k dk
nkl cuk gqvk euq"; Hkh dHkh blh rjg ekSr ds eq¡g esa tk fxjrk gSA blh
izdkj vU; bafnz;ksa ds ckjs esa le> ysukA vxj buls jkx vkSj }s"k u gks rks
gesa nq%[kkfXu esa tyk ugha ldrs ij ;g rHkh gksxk tc gekjh loZ= len`f"V
gksxhA ;kfu tc ge lc esa ,d vkRe&rRo dks gh ns[kasxs rks ge jkx&}s"k dh
vkx ls cp ldrs gSa vkSj lq[kh cu ldrs gSaA
tc rd ge bafnz;ksa ds nkl gSa rc rd thou dks lq[kh ugha cuk ldrs]
;g ,d fuf'pr fl)kar gSA
110 vkRe lfjrk

'kkL=ksa esa vU;= dgk gS&

vkinka dfFkr%iUFkk bafnz;k.kkel;e%AA
rTt;% lEinak ekxZ%;sus"V rsu xE;rke~AA
bafnz;ksa ij daVªksy ¼fu;a=.k½ u j[kuk vFkkZr~ bafnz;ksa ds xqyke cu tkuk
;gh nq%[k vkSj eqlhcrksa dk jkLrk gSA bafnz;ksa ij fot; ik ysuk gh lq[k&
lainkvksa dk ekxZ gS] ftls th pkgks pqu yksA blh izdkj euq egkjkt us Hkh
dgk gS&
bafnz;k.kka fg fopfjrka fo"k;s"oidkfj"kqAA
la;es ;Ruekfr"Bsr fo}ku~ ;Urso okftuke~AA
HkkokFkZ&nq%[knk;h fo"k;ksa ds daVªksy taxy esa ?kweus okys bafnz;ksa ij
fu;a=.k] ;kfu daVªksy j[kus dk ;Ru fo}ku~ dks ges'kk djrs jguk pkfg,(
tSls gk¡dus okyk lkjFkh papy ?kksM+ksa dks ;Ru ls o'k esa j[kdj pykrk gS]
ojuk os papy ?kksM+s fdlh xM~<+s esa fxjk ldrs gSaA blh izdkj lk/kd dks
bafnz;ksa ij fu;a=.k j[kus dk ;Ru ges'kk tkjh j[kuk pkfg, rHkh lk/kd
v/;kRe ekxZ esa izxfr dj ldrk gSA
mDr izdkj ds 'k=qvksa ij fot; ikus dk ,d lk/ku lRlax gSA lRlax ls
bu ij fot; ikus dk ;Ru 'kq: gks tkrk gSA izHkq d`ik ls lQyrk fey tkrh
gSA xq# vtqZu nso th dgrs gSa&lRlax dks ysdj ge buds f'kdkj dks p<+s] rks
fcuk gh ?kksM+s vkfn dh lokjh dh lgk;rk ds vkSj fcuk fdlh ust+k] Hkkyk o
rhj&ryokj vkfn 'kL=ksa ds] bu fgald i'kqvksa dks idM+ fy;k gSS ;kfu budks
o'k esa dj fy;k gSSA bafnz; :ih nl 'k=qvksa dks idM+us esa vklkuh ls lQy
gks x, gSaA
xq# th dk ikou opu gS&
nl fejxh lgts caf/k vkuhA
vkRe lfjrk 111

ikap fejx cs/ks flo dh ckuhAA ¼iUuk 1136½

f'ko ds rh{.k ck.kksa ls e`xksa dks cha/k Mkyk gSA lRlax gh bu ij fot;
ikus dk iz/kku lk/ku gS D;ksafd fcuk lRlax ds izHkq&pj.kksa esa izse ugha gksrk
vkSj izse ds fcuk ijes oj dh HkfDr laHko ughaA HkDr f'kjksef.k jfonkl th
dgrs gSa&
lk/klaxfr fcuk Hkkm ugh ÅitS Hkko fcuq Hkxfr ugh gksb rsjhAA
¼iUuk 694½
HkfDr ls izHkq izlUu gksrs gsaS vkSj bruk izlUu gks tkrs gSa fd fe= cu
tkrs gaSA Bhd oSls gh tSls Jh d`".k th] vtqZu lqnkek vkfn ds fe= cu x,
FksA tc Hkxoku fe= cu x, rks fQj eq> dks fdl dk Mj] fdlls tyu o
bZ";kZ&}s"k] izHkq d`ik ls os lHkh Bx tks nqfu;k dks Bxk djrs gSa] mu lc dks
ekj Hkxk;k gSA mudk ifo= eq[k okd~ gS&
ioM+hAA
gfj thm tk rw esjk fe=q gS rk fdvk eS dkM+kAA
ftuh Bxh txq Bfxvk ls rq/kq ekfj fuokM+kAA
xqfj Hkmtyq ikfj ya?kkbvk ftrk ikokM+kAA
xqjerh lfHk jl Hkksxnk oMk vk[kkM+kAA
lfHk banzhvk ofl dfj fnrhvks lroark lkM+kAA
ftrq ykbZvfu frrS yxnhvk ug f[katksrkM+kAA ¼iUuk 1097½
izcy 'k=qvksa dks thrus ds fy, ;qfDr] iz;Ru vkSj vnE; eukscy dh
vko';drk gksrh gSA ;qfDr;k¡ xq#tuksa ls feyk djrh gSaA ;Fkk&e/; izkar dk
,d NksVk&lk jtokM+k FkkA jtokM+ksa dh Hkk¡fr mls Hkh ,d fouksn lw> x;k
fny cgykus dksA mls cdfj;ksa dk nw/k cM+k fiz; FkkA vr% mlus vPNh fdLe
dh dqN cdfj;k¡ iky j[kh FkhaA pjokgk vghj mUgsa ou esa pjk ykrk FkkA
112 vkRe lfjrk

jktk us vius euksfouksn ds fy, ?kks"k.kk dj j[kh Fkh fd tks esjh cdfj;ksa dks
isV Hkj dj r`Ir dj nsxk mls eSa vius jktHkkx dk mÙkjkf/kdkjh cuk n¡wxkA
mldk dksbZ iq= ugha FkkA vr% mls ;g fpark ugha Fkh fd vxj dksbZ bl
dk;Z esa lQy gks x;k rks D;k djsaxs D;ksafd og tkurk Fkk fd cdfj;ksa dks
r`Ir djuk vlaHko gSA xq# fey tkus ls ;fn dksbZ lQy gks x;k rks mls
mÙkjkf/kdkjh cuk nsaxs D;ksafd bl /kjk/kke dks ,d fnu NksM+dj tkuk gh
iM+sxkA /ku&laifÙk dks dksbZ lkFk rks ys tk ugha ldrkA bl jkt&?kks"k.kk dks
lqudj ,d nsgkrh toku vk;k fd ;g dkSu&lh cM+h ckr gSA blls vklkuh
ls jktk cu tk,axsA
vk;k vkSj vkdj dgk fd ;g dke eq>s lkSaik tk,A jktk us vkKk ns nh
vkSj og cdfj;ksa dks taxy esas ys x;k vkSj mUgsa vPNh&vPNh ?kkl vkSj
isM+&ifÙk;k¡ f[kykA cdfj;ksa dh dks[k fudy vkbZ rks og [kq'kh&[kq'kh cdfj;ksa
dks ys vk;k vkSj xoZ ds lkFk dgk ns[kks eSaus cdfj;ksa ds isV dSls Hkjs gSaA og
cspkjk bl jgL; dks ugha tkurk Fkk fd ?kksM+s vkSj cdfj;ksa dks [kkus ds lkFk
gh lkFk lc gte gksrk tkrk gSA mUgsa nl feuV ds ckn Hkh [kkuk fn[k tk,
rks [kkuk ns[kdj mUgsa rqjar [kkus dh bPNk gks tkrh gSA lks bl Hksn dks tkuus
okys jktk us gjh&gjh ?kkl fn[kkbZ rks cdfj;k¡ VwV iM+haA ml nsgkrh dks jktk
us MiVrs gq, dgk&csodwQ ! cdfj;ka rks Hkw[kh iM+ha gSaA ns[kks ?kkl ns[kdj
[kkus ds fy, dSls Hkkxdj vkbZ gSaA Hkkx ;gk¡ lsA og cspkjk 'kfe±nk gksdj
pyk x;kA jktk Bgkdk ekjdj [kwc g¡lkA
blh izdkj fdrus eupys vk, vkSj Qsy gksdj cSjax gks x,A vkf[kj
,d fnu ,d mEehnokj blh rjg gkj vkSj Mk¡V&MiV ls 'kfeZank gksdj]
vk'kk Hkax ls nq[kh gksdj eqj>k;k&lk tk jgk FkkA jkLrs esa ,d egkRek fey
x,A mUgksaus iwNk csVk! rw mnkl&lk D;ksa fn[k jgk gS\ D;k rsjk dqN Nhu
vkRe lfjrk 113

fy;k fdlh us\ rks mlus lkjh dgkuh lar th dks dg lqukbZA egkRek us
dgk&csVk] cdfj;k¡ bl rjg [kkus ls dHkh ckt+ ugha vk ldrha] pkgs mUgsa
fdruk f[kykrs jgksA ge rqEgsa ,d rjdhc crkrs gSa] rw ml ij Bhd rjg ls
vey djsxk rks rq>s lQyrk vo'; feysxhA mlus Lohdkj fd;k rks egkRek
us ,d iryh&lh NM+h mlds gkFk esa nsrs gq, dgk cdfj;ksa dks [kwc isV Hkjdj
f[kykA tc rq>s ekywe gks tk, fd cdfj;ksa dk isV Hkj x;k gS vkSj ;s [kwc
v?kk xbZ gSa] 10 feuV mUgsa >kfM+;ksa ls nwj dj fQj ?kkl fn[kkA fQj [kkus
dks vk, rks nks&nks] pkj&pkj NfM+;k¡ dldj tek nsA bl izdkj nks&pkj fnu
dj] bl izdkj cdfj;ksa dks NM+h dk Mj cSB tk,xk vkSj os NM+h ns[kdj ekjs
Mj ds [kkus dh vksj eq¡g ugha djsaxh rks jktk dks rqEgsa lQy le>dj buke
nsuk iM+sxkA
egkRek dh crykbZ ;qfDr dkjxj lkfcr gks xbZ rks cdfj;ksa dks jktk ds
ikl ys x;kA jktk us gjh ?kkl fn[kkbZ rks mlus yach iryh NM+h fn[kk nhA
cl Mj dh ekjh cdfj;ksa us m/kj ns[kk Hkh ughaA bl izdkj mls iw.kZ lQyrk
fey xbZA ?kks"k.kk ds vuqlkj jktk dks mls viuk mÙkjkf/kdkjh cukuk iM+kA
;g rks gS n`"Vkar vkSj n`"Vkar esa ;g lef>, euq"; dh dqy bafnz;k¡ gh
cdfj;k¡ gaSA cdfj;ksa dh rjg ;s dHkh r`Ir ugha gksrhaA HkkbZ xq#nkl th dgrs
gSa&
v[kh osf[k u jthvk cgq jax reklsAA
mlrfr fuank dafu lqf.k jksof.k rS gklsAA
dku ukuk fof/k ds xhr&laxhr lqudj r`Ir ugha gq,A ftgok bl izdkj
[kk&ihdj ugha v?kkbZA xq# vtqZu nso th us fdruk lqanj dgk gS&
fcf[kvk efg fdu gh frzifr u ikbZAA
fTkm ikodq bZ/kfu ugh /kzkiS fcuq gfj dgk v?kkbZAA ¼iUuk 672½
114 vkRe lfjrk

lHkh bafnz;ka vius fo"k;ksa ds jlksa esa exu gSaA cdfj;ksa dh rjg budks
fofo/k fo"k;ksa ds jl viZ.k djds r`Ir ugha fd;k tk ldrkA bUgsa rks nks"k&
n`f"V gh fo"k;ksa ls foeq[k djus ds fy, dkjxj NM+h gSA nks"k&n`f"V fo"k;ksa esa
nks"k ns[kus] tSls fd fo"k;klDr jgdj euq"; ftrus Hkksxksa dks Hkksxrk gS mrus
gh jksx 'kjhj esa iSnk gks tkrs gSaA 'kjkch&dckch] vQheph vkSj os ;kxkfe;ksa
dks dbZ ,d vlk/; jksx gks tkrs gaSA fdlh dks nek] fdlh dks Vh0 ch0]
fdlh dks mina'k vkfn ukeqjkn chekfj;k¡ yx tkrh gSa ftuls og blh nqfu;k
esa ujd ds nq%[k Hkksxdj ej tkrs gSaA xq# ukud nso th dgrs gaS&
nq[kh nquh lgsM+h,s tkb rk yxfg nq[kAA
ukud lps uke fcuq fdlS u yFkh Hkq[kAA ¼iUuk 1287½
:ih Hkq[k u mrjS tka ns[kka rka Hkq[kAA
tsrs jl ljhj ds rsrs yxfg nq[kAA ¼iUuk 1287½
;Fkk&
eueq[k Hkksxfg Hkksx nq[k lokb;kAA
Hkksxgq mBs jksx miknq [kikbvkAA
xq# ukud nso th us vusd mnkgj.k Hkh fn, gSa&
xksreq rik vfgfYkvk bLkrzh frlq nsf[k bUnqz yqHkkbvkAA
lgl ljhj fpgu Hkx gw, rk efu iNksrkbvkAA ¼iUuk 1344½
,d egkiq#"k us fgju] gkFkh] irax] Hk`ax vkSj eNyh vkfn thoksa dk
mnkgj.k nsdj le>k;k gS fd ;s ,d fo"k; ds nkl gksdj nq%[kkfXu esa tydj
ej tkrs gSa ij tks ik¡pksa dk xqyke gS mlds thou esa lq[k dh vk'kk dSls dh
tk ldrh gS\ rFkkfg&
dqjaM+ ekraM+ irax Hk`ax ehuk% grk% iap fHkjso iapA
,d% izeknh l dFka u gU;rs ;% lsors iap fHkjso iapAA
;g fuf'pr gS fd fo"k; Hkksxksa ds jkLrs tkdj dksbZ Hkh euq"; lq[kksa ds
vkRe lfjrk 115

ns'k ugha igq¡p ik;kA

blhfy, xq# ckck us eu dks lacks/ku djrs gq, fgj.k ds n`"Vkar ls
le>k;k gSA ;Fkk&
rwa lfq.k gj.kk dkfyvk dh okMhs+,s jkrk jkeAA
fc[kq Qyq ehBk pkfj fnu fQfj gksoS rkrk jkeAA
fQfj gksb rkrk [kjk ekrk uke fcuq ijrki,AA
vksgq tso lkbj nsb ygjh fctqy ftoS ped,AA
gfj ck>q jk[kk dksb ukgh lksb rq>fg fclkfjvkAA
lpq dgS ukudq psfr js eu ejfg gj.kk dkfyvkAA 1AA ¼iUuk 438½
blfy, fo"k; Hkksxksa dh r`".kk vkSj vgark eerk vkfn jksx ru&eu ls
fudy tk, rks ifo= eu ysdj euq"; izHkq ds lEeq[k gksdj Kku oSjkX; ds
}kjk eks{k dk vf/kdkjh cu ldrk gSA
vkxs O;k[;k u djds 'kCn dks lekIr djrs gq, egkjkt us dgk&fojDr
egkiq#"kks! gekjh izkFkZuk Lohdkj djds vkius tks ;gk¡ i/kkjus dh d`ik dh gS
mlds fy, ge vkidk gkfnZd /kU;okn djrs gSaA le; dqN vf/kd gks x;k
gS] vk'kk gS vki gesa {kek iznku djsaxsA vc vki iaxr yxk,aA Hkkstukuarj
egkjkt us lc egkRekvksa dks lsc&larjk vkfn Qy nf{k.kk ds :i esa viZ.k
fd,A
iszeiw.kZ HkaMkjk vkSj dFkk ls egkjkt th dh loZ= t;&t;dkj gqbZA
q
116 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 30

fuekZ.k dk;Z dh vksj

vc pw¡fd lu~ 1915 dk dqaHk ioZ lehi vk jgk Fkk blfy, egkjkt us
vkJe ds fuekZ.k&dk;Z dh vksj fo'ks"k /;ku fn;kA lar vkRek flag vkfn
lc larksa dks cqykdj dgk fd vkRek flag ! lc feydj rst+h ls dke dks
vkxs c<+kvks] le; de jg x;k gS vkSj dke cgqr iM+k gSA dqaHk esyk 'kq:
gksus ls igys dejksa dh vk/kkj&f'kyk j[kh tk pqdh gS] mu lHkh ij Nrsa Mky
nsuh gaS] ckdh iyLrj vkfn dk dke fQj gksrk jgsxkA rqEgsa ekywe gksuk
pkfg, fd dqaHk esys ds ckn lar yksx _f"kds'k esa Hkh n'kZu djus vk,axsA
fo'ks"k dj fueZy laiznk; ds lk/kq lar ;gha Bgjsaxs] D;ksafd flok >kM+h ds vkSj
dksbZ viuk LFkku ugha gSA >kM+h esa Hkh viuh&viuh >ksaiM+h gS lcdh] mlesa
nwljksa ds jgus dh xqatk;'k ugha gSA vr% fueZy lk/kq rks lc ;gha vk,axsA
blfy, uhps ds dqy dejs rS;kj gks tkus pkfg,a] blds fy, dke iwjh runsgh
ds lkFk djuk iM+sxkA lar vkRek flag us gkFk tksM+dj dgk&egkjkt] vkidk
ojn gkFk fljij gksuk pkfg,] xq#Hkkb;ksa dk lg;ksx gS gh] rc dke dks iw.kZ
dj yasxsA eq>s vkids vk'khokZn ls ,slk fo'okl gSA
cgqr vPNk! xq# ukud nso rqEgsa lQyrk iznku djsa bl dfBu dk;Z esa]
egkjkt us vk'khokZn nsrs gq, dgkA rnuarj dke cgqr rst+h ds lkFk vkjaHk
gks x;kA feL=h etnwj igys ls nqxus dj fn, x,A lc xq#HkkbZ lar feydj]
,d nwljs ls vkxs c<+dj gkSlys ls dke djus yxs vkSj etnwjksa vkfn ls
vkRe lfjrk 117

rsth ls dke ysus yxsA

egkjkt us dgk vkRek flag ftl pht dh deh gks crkvks] ek;k dh
deh gks rks /ku ys tkukA dgha ,slk u gks fd fdlh pht dh deh ds dkj.k
dke esa lqLrh vk tk,A ckck th us gkSlyk c<+krs gq, dgk rks lar vkRek
flag th us rqjar HkV~Vs okyksa dks baZV] pwuk ds fy, dg fn;kA baZV] iRFkj vkus
yx x;k rks nsgjknwu ls xkMZj] lfj;k vkSj bekjrh ydM+h vkfn Hkh nuknu
vkuh vkjaHk gks xbZA lar vkRek flag] larks"k flag vkfn larksa us th rksM+ dj
dke fd;kA QkYxqu ds var rd dejksa ij Nrsa Mky nh xbaZA feL=h etnwjksa
dks ;Fkk;ksX; bZuke nsdj dke eqYroh ¼LFkfxr½ dj fn;kA lar vkRek flag]
larks"k flag vkfn ds vFkd ifjJe ls lkyksa dk dke eghuksa esa gks x;kA yksx
gSjku gksrs vkSj dgrs fd dksbZ Hkwr vkfn ckck th ds cl esa gS] ojuk bruk
dke brus vYi le; esa dSls gks ldrk gSA dqN Hkh gks] ij bruk lR; gS fd
reke dke vfr rhoz xfr ds lkFk fd;k x;k vkSj fcuk fo?u ck/kk ds lEiw.kZ
gks x;kA lar vkRek flag vkfn xq#HkkbZ;ksa dh J)kiw.kZ fu"dke lsok dh
ljkguk loZ= gqbZA egkjkt rks cgqr gh izlUu gq,A
q
118 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 31

v[kkM+s ls fuea=.k
b/kj egkjkt dks Jh egar jke flag th dk cqykok vk x;k fd 'kh?kz
i/kkjus dk d"V djsa] rkfd dqaHk esys dk dk;ZØe cuk fy;k tk,A dqy
dk;ZØe rS;kj djkdj egkjkt _f"kds'k ykSV vk, vkSj lar vkRek flag dks
Hkjiwj jk'ku [kjhn ysus dk vkns'k fn;kA egkjkt ds vkns'k ds vuqlkj lar
vkRek flag th us jlksbZ ds dke esa mi;ksxh lc oLrq,a [kjhn dj j[k yhaA
fueZy v[kkMs+ dk du[ky esa vkxeu
fuf'pr dk;ZØe ds vuqlkj] pSr ekl dh d`".kk ,dkn'kh lu~ 1914
dks Tokykiqj ls fueZy v[kkM+s dk 'kkgh tqywl fudyuk FkkA fueZy Nkouh esa
Hks"k ds 'kkgh tqywl dks izos'k djuk FkkA ckck cqM~<k flag th ,d fnu igys
n'keh ds fnu gh igq¡qp x, FksA bu fnuksa fueZy lekt esa ckck cqM~<k flag th
dk lokZf/kd lEeku FkkA Hks"k laca/kh fdlh Hkh dke esa vkidh jk; dks
izeq[krk nh tkrh FkhA Jh egar th ds ckn vki gh dks loksZPp LFkku feyrk
FkkA 'kkgh tqywl us 10 ctdj 15 feuV ij Tokykiqj ls izLFkku fd;kA Jh
egar th egkjkt ds gkFkh ds ihNs lksus&pk¡nh ds gkSns vkSj uDdk'khnkj >wy
ls ltk vkidk gkFkh >we&>we dj py jgk FkkA dqy 51 gkFkh FksA bl 'kksHkk
;k=k esa ?kksM+s] ikyfd;k¡]ukyfd;k¡ vkfn ls bl tqywl dh 'kksHkk vdFkuh;
cu xbZ FkhA Tokykiqj ,oa gfj}kj ds vikj tu lewg ls Hkjs cktkjksa ls gksrk
gqvk ;g 'kkgh tqywl lok&lkr cts fueZy Nkouh esa izfo"V gqvk] rks
vkRe lfjrk 119

vkxeu dh [kq'kh esa NksM+s x, xksyksa ls n'kksa fn'kk,a xw¡t mBh FkhaA vxys fnu
}kn'kh dks fueZy /keZ/otk dh iwtk gqbZA lc ls igys ml le; dh lokZf/kd
iwtk 101 #Ik, ls vkius dh vkSj igys fnu dk HkaMkjk Hkh vkidh vksj ls
gqvkA blds ckn vxys fnu =;ksn'kh dks xq# ukud nso th ds panksvk ds rys
ikou xq#&ok.kh dk dhrZu xq#&'kCn dh dFkk vkSj fo}ku~ egkRekvksa ds
laHkk"k.k 'kq: gks x, tks yxkrkj eghuk Hkj pyrs jgs vkSj xq# dk yaxj loZ
lk/kkj.k turk ds fy, tkjh jgkA
q
120 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 32

_f"k Hkwfe esa iqujkxeu

lu~ 1915 ds dqaHk dh cSlk[kh dk Luku djds vki iqu% _f"kds'k
fueZykJe esa vk x, vkSj pyrs le; Jh fueZy v[kkM+k dh jerk tekr
dks _f"kds'k i/kkjus dk fuea=.k Hkh ns vk,A b/kj lar vkRek flag th us
vkJe ds dqy dejksa dh lQkbZ djk gh j[kh Fkh vkSj ftl oLrq dh deh Fkh
og iwjh dj yh FkhA igkM+h izns'k ds pkj yM+ds jlksbZ ds dke ds fy, ,d
eghus ds okLrs ru[okg ij j[k fy, vc dksbZ fpark u Fkh] tekr pkgs fdlh
fnu Hkh vk tk,A
fueZy tekr ¼jEer v[kkM+s½ dk vkxeu
nl fnu gfj}kj jgus ds ckn jEer v[kkM+k 'kqHk laor~ 1972 esa
_f"kds'k x;kA ckck cqM~<k flag th egkjkt us ckts&xkts ds lkFk fueZy
v[kkM+s dk 'kkunkj tqywl fudkyk vkSj Hkjr eafnj ds egar lkfgc ls
v[kkM+s dh nl fnu dh fjgk;'k ds fy, tks txg ek¡x j[kh Fkh mlh esa jEer
v[kkM+s dks Bgjk fn;k x;kA mu fnuksa _f"kds'k esa fueZy laiznk; dk dksbZ
LFkku ugha FkkA tekr dk dqy [kpkZ ckck th us Lo;a mBk;kA 24 cSlk[k
1972 dks Jh v[kaM ikB dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;k x;kA
pw¡fd dqaHk&Luku djds cgqr ls fojDr lar b/kj&m/kj pys x, Fks vkSj
dqN ^>kM+h* esa tk fojkts Fks] larksa dh miLFkfr T;knk ugha FkhA fueZy]
mnklhu lHkh dks fuea=.k FkkA ^>kM+h* ls Jh 108 ckck izse flag th vkSj
mudk fo|kFkhZ eaMy] ftlesa Lokeh lar flag th osnkarkpk;Z] Jh 108 iafMr
vkRe lfjrk 121

lqPpk flag th] Jh egar lkfgc ,oa Lokeh larks"k nkl th vkfn izeq[k Fks]
fueZy vkJe esa igq¡p x, Fks ftudks ns[kdj ,slk yxrk Fkk tSls LoxZyksd ls
nsof"kZ&vkJe i`Foh ij mrj vk;k gksA Jh ckck isze flag th dh eaMyh ds
Lokxr esa] jEer v[kkM+s ds j.k fla?ks taxy esa flag&ukn dh Hkk¡fr vkdk'k dks
xq¡tkus yxsA
dk'kh dh vksj dk ,d oS".ko lk/kq xaxk&Luku djds ykSV jgk FkkA mls
laxe&xyh esa b/kj ls xaxk dh vksj tkrk gqvk nwljk iwfoZ;k dchj iaFkh lk/kq
feyk rks rRdky ;g xxu&Hksnh /ofu muds dkuksa esa iM+h rks nksuksa esa bl
izdkj ckrsa gksus yxhaA dchj iaFkh&vjs bZ dk ! bZ lksj dS lu ok;A cSjkxh&
vjs] rksds ukfg ekywe fd cqM~<k ckck ds eduok esa ukud&iaFkh lk/kqvu dS
v[kkM+k vk;y ck;A dchj&iaFkh&vjs] ds cqM~<+k ckck ! ,fBu rks gtkju
cqM~<k ?ker gksbZ gSaA cSjkxh&vjs ! ,lu cqM~<+k ukfg] mudj ueoS cqM~<kflag
ckck gkmA dchj&iaFkh&vjs] gk¡&gk¡ vc ;kn Hkok] lquyh rks gem gqbZ fd
dkSuks egar cqM~<k flag vlaeoka cukSys ckVuA cSjkxh& gk¡&gk¡ HkbZ;k ! mugh
ds eduoka esa ckck yksxu dS HkaMjk ck;kA d0 iaFkh&vPNk ! vjs rc rks
gyok Hkh ckaVy tkbZA cSjkxh&vjs vdsy gYoS ukghA vksfBu rks lquyh gS fd
Hkkjh HkaMkjk Hkh egkRek yksx dS gksbZA d0 iaFkh&vjs rc pyy tk;s
vksghfBuA cSjkxh&vPNk Bgjk ruh ! Hkjr eafnyok esa xhyk xeNok Mky
vkbZ jljh ij] rc LoPN gksdj pyy tkbZA d0 iaFkh&vPNk] tSlu rqgkj
bPNk] ns[ks dgha nsj u yx tk;A cSjkxh&nsj dSlu gks tkbZ] rfudk rks deoSa
ck;A xeNk Mkfj dS rqjarS ykSVoA
ykSVrs gq, cSjkxh us dgk&fueZy lk/kqvksa ds LFkku esa tk; ds ck;] fljS
ij dkSuks ixM+h xeNok j[k ysos ds pkfgA d0 iaFkh&vPNk dgr gksmvk
HkS;k! xq# ukud eafnj esa flj <+ds cxSj ukfg tk;s ds pkghA cSjkxh&vPNk]
122 vkRe lfjrk

gksmjk ftu djk] dkSuks fHk[kkjh lquh rks lkFk gks tkbZA bl izdkj pqipki
pyrs gq, fueZy vkJe ds lehi tk igq¡ps rks dchj&iaFkh lk/kq us dqN
vuknj gksus dk lansg O;Dr djrs gq, dgk&vjs ckck ! fcuk cqykSys tkr gqbZ
ge yksx] dkSuks csbTtrh dS nsbZ rc\ cSjkxh&vjs dkSuks Mj ukgh ukud iaFkh
ckck ,lu ukgh dS ldr] dkSus rjg ?kql tScSA dchj iaFkh&?kql rks tScS vxj
dksbZ v/kZpafnzdk nSdS Qsad nsbZ rc\ cSjkxh&,ssth ukgh] ukud iaFkh len'khZ
gksr gSa] ,slu ukgh dS ldrA d0 iaFkh&gk¡ HkbZ;k ! Bhd gm bZ crhvkA rHkh
rks ckck ukud vius xzaFk esa dchj lkfgc dS ckuh fy[kys ckVuA
cSjkxh&Bhd rks ck;A dchj lkgc] xq# ukud ds ?kj esa len`f"V ns[kdj gh
rks fy[kys gm;sa&dchj !
dchj ftg nfj vkor tkfrvgq gVdS ukgh dksbAA
lks n# dSls NksMh,ss tks n# ,slk gksbAA ¼iUuk 1367½
bl izdkj nksuksa lk/kq ckrsa djrs gq, vkJe esa igq¡ps rks mUgsa vknj ds
lkFk mfpr LFkku ij fcBk;k x;kA dFkk vkjrh gks gh pqdh Fkh] vjnkl ds
ckn j.kfla?ks dh ?ku?kksj ds lkFk iaxrsa yxkbZ x;haA Hkkstuksijkar lar vkRek
flag th us lc larksa dks lRdkj ds lkFk fonk fd;kA bl izdkj fueZy
v[kkM+k] tks ;gk¡ igyh ckj vk;k Fkk vk'kkrhr iwtk&izfr"Bk ikdj okil
gfj}kj 4 T;s"B laor~ 1972 dks ig¡qp x;kA
bl dqaHk esys esa ckck cqM~<k flag th dh izfr"Bk fueZy lar lekt vkSj
HkDrksa esa cgqr c<+h vkSj lar vkRek flag th dh izflf) Hkh cgqr gks xbZA
q
vkRe lfjrk 123

rjax 33

fQj fuekZ.k dh vksj

dqaHk&esys ds lkekftd dk;ksZa ls NqV~Vh ikdj ckck th egkjkt us fuekZ.k
dk;Z dh vksj iqu% /;ku fn;kA lar vkRek flag vkSj lc f'k";ksa dks lko/kku
djrs gq, vius dke dk /;ku fnyk;kA lc larksa dks lacksf/kr djrs gq,
egkjkt us dgk& ns[kks HkkbZ ! nqfu;knkj yksx dgrs gSa fd /ku&nkSyr vkSj iq=
vkfn lc ls I;kjs gSa] ij 'kkL= dgrs gSa fd ^^forkrqa fiz;% iq=% iq=kRokRek
fiz;%** Hkko&/ku&lEifÙk ls iq= I;kjk gS vkSj iq= ls Hkh vkRek ;kfu viuk
vki I;kjk gSA egf"kZ ;kKoYd us Hkh viuh lk/oh iRuh eS=s;h dks mins'k
djrs gq, ;gh dgk gS fd&
u iq= dkek; iq=% fiz;ks HkofrA
vkReuLrq dkek; iq=% fiz;ks HkofrAA
u Hkk;kZ dkek; Hkk;kZ fiz;k HkofrA
vkReeuLrq dkek;s Hkk;kZ fiz;k HkofrAA
blh izdkj csvar oLrq,¡ fxukdj var esa dgk gS&
u loZL; dkek; loZa fiz;a Hkofr
vkReeduLrq dkek; lo± fiz;a HkofrAA
ij ge rks dgrs gSa fd vkRek ds fy, lc dh vis{kk viuk dÙkZO; gh vfr
I;kjk gksuk pkfg, vkSj ;g ckr gS Hkh lghA lc izdkj iwoZ ij dk fopkj
djrs gq, ge blh ifj.kke ij ig¡qprs gSa fd lc ls fiz; viuk dÙkZO; gSA
viuk dÙkZO; ikyu djrs jgus ls vkRek esa fueZyrk vkrh gSA fueZy vkRek
124 vkRe lfjrk

gh ijekRek ds lkFk vHksn gks ldrh gS] efyu vkRek ughaA efyu vkRek rks
ijekRek dk fparu Hkh ugha dj ldrh] feyuk rks nwj dh ckr gSA izHkq&fparu
ds }kjk ge ijekRek ls tqM+ tkrs gSaA cl ;gh rks ;ksx gS vkSj blls vkRek esa
cy dh o`f) gksrh gSA cyoku~ vkRek gh ijekRerRo dks tku ldrh gSA Jqfr
dgrh gS&^^oh;Zoku~ iq:"kks osn%** bl izdkj fopkj djus ij ;gh fl)kar
fLFkj gksrk gS fd dÙkZO; ikyu gh vkRek dk vf/kd fgrdkjh ,oa vfr
midkjd gksus ls ;gh lc ls vf/kd fiz; gSA vr% ekuo dk vf/kd /;ku
dÙkZO; ikyu dh vksj gh gksuk pkfg,A
tc lc HkDrksa vkSj fojDrksa dh bPNk ls geus vkJe&fuekZ.k dk dk;Z
vkjaHk dj fy;k gS rc bls lokZax lqanj ,oa iw.kZ fd, fcuk foJke dh bPNk
dks Hkh NksM+ nsuk pkfg,A
bl izdkj egkjkt ds mins'k ls lar yksxksa us Hktu fparu vkSj tu&lsok
vkfn iquhr dk;Z djrs gq, fuekZ.k&dk;Z dks nzqrxfr ls vkxs c<+k;kA
q
vkRe lfjrk 125

rjax 34

flagkoyksdu
vc vius Lusgh fe= ikBdksa dks ge flagkoyksdu U;k; ls fudV vrhr
dh >k¡dh fn[kkuk pkgrs gSaA lu~ 1895 ¼laor~ 1952½ esa egar cqM~<k flag
th ds xq# ckck /keZ flag th czãyhu gks x, rks vki mnkl gksdj rhFkZ&;k=k
ds fy, ve`rlj ls gfj}kj gksdj bykgkckn ig¡qps rks Jh Jh 108 Jh egar
Å/ko flag th us ;ksX; lk/kq le>dj mUgsa vkxs tkus ls jksd fy;kA muds
izse iw.kZ crkZo ls budk eu ogk¡ fVd x;kA vkf[kj gj rjg ;ksX; lkfcr
gksus ij mUgsa v[kkM+k dk eqf[k;k egar fu;qDr dj fn;kA lu~ 1896 ¼laor~
1953½ ds xksnkojh ds dqaHk ij v[kkM+k ysdj vki =;acd ig¡qpsA ogk¡ ls
ykSVdj iatkc&fla/k gksrs gq, lu~ 1903 ¼laor~ 1960½ esa gfj}kj ds dqaHk
ij igq¡psA bl dqaHk ij vkius eqf[k;k in ls bLrhQk ns fn;k ij vkidh
;ksX;rkiw.kZ lsok dks ns[krs gq, vLohd`r dj fn;k x;kA
Xokfy;j esa
vuqu; fou; djus ij vkius dk;ZHkkj laHkky fy;kA lu~ 1903
¼laor~ 1960½ ds dqaHk ls vki mÙkjizns'k esa ?kwers gq, Xokfy;j ig¡qpsA ;gk¡
v[kkM+s us vPNh izfr"Bk ikbZA ;gk¡ ds yksxksa us vPNh vko&Hkxr o lsok dhA
ckck th vkSj muds vusd lkFkh larksa dh iz'kalk jkt&Hkou rd igq¡phA ,d
fnu egkjktk us mPpkf/kdkjh }kjk fuea=.k Hkstk tks Lohdkj dj fy;k x;kA
fu;r fnu v[kkM+s dks HkaMkjk fn;k x;kA egkjktk us ckck th ds lkFk nks ?kaVs
rd okrkZyki fd;kA ckck th ds lkFk gq, okrkZyki ls egkjkt cgqr izHkkfor
126 vkRe lfjrk

gq, vkSj fdlh o"kZ pkrqekZl yxkus dh izkFkZuk dh rks ckck th us dgk&Hkys gh
vxj la;ksx cuk rks vki ls HksaV gksus ij eq>s cM+h [kq'kh gksxhA
egkjktk vkSj mudh iztk us] fueZy v[kkM+s dh iwtk&izfr"Bk dh vkSj
J)kiw.kZ jhfr ls fonk fd;kA ogk¡ ls fnYyh gksrs gq, iatkc vk x,A gfj}kj
igq¡p dj egar cqM~<k flag th us fQj R;kxi= ns fn;kA cgqr vuqu; fou;
fd, tkus ij Hkh vkius vleFkZrk izdV djrs gq, lsok ls fcYkdqy bUkdkj
dj fn;kA
Xokfy;j ls iqu% cqykok
blds vuarj vki rks eaMyh ysdj fla/k esa vkSj dHkh iatkc esa ?kwers jgs
vkSj Xokfy;j ds egkjktk ckr Hkwy x, ;k dksbZ lqvolj u feyus ds dkj.k
ls u cqyk ldsA ij vkf[kj mUgsa ckr ;kn vkbZ rks mUgksaus gfj}kj v[kkM+k esa
pkrqekZl yxkus dh izkFkZuk dh rks Jh 108 Jh egar jke flag th us izkFkZuk
Lohdkj dj yhA rnuqlkj iapk;rh v[kkM+k dh tekr us iatkc ls Xokfy;j
dh vksj izLFkku dj fn;kA dqNsd fnu ifV;kyk jkT; esa xq# ukud fe'ku dk
izpkj djrh jgh vkSj vk"kk<+ ds vkjaHk esa Xokfy;j ig¡qp xbZA
pw¡fd fueZy v[kkM+k dqaHk vkfn ds volj ij eqYyka&eqnkjh ds ckx esa
/otkjksi.k fd;k djrk gS vr% bl volj ij Hkh v[kkM+s us mlh ckx esa
mrkjk fd;kA Jh egar lkfgc o Jh Jh 108 iafMr jke flag th Hkh ig¡qp
x,A iafMr ewy flag th ¼[kSjkckn okys½] iafMr vrj flag th ¼Hkwrka okys½]
iafMr vorkj flag th ¼dk'kh okys½] iafMr lqPpk flag th ¼laxriqjk okys½]
iafMr xq#eq[k flag th ¼uudkuk okys½] iafMr jke clUr flag th ¼ifV;kyk
okys½] iafMr Hkkuq flag th ¼dksdjh okys½ ] iafMr gjuke flag th ¼ykgkSj
okys½] vkfn fnXxt fo}ku~ vkSj vusdksa fojDr egkRekvksa ls fueZy v[kkM+k
'kksHkk;eku FkkA fueZy panks, ds uhps Jh xq# xzaFk lkfgc dh gqtwjh esa Hkkjh
vkRe lfjrk 127

lHkk yxrhA fo}ku~ egkRekvksa ds lkjxfHkZr Hkk"k.kksa ls turk cgqr izHkkfor

gksrh FkhA egkjktkf/kjkt Xokfy;j dh vksj ls yaxj dk vPNk izca/k FkkA
pkSFks fnu Lo;a egkjktK egkRekvksa ds n'kZu ds fy, fueZy panksvk ds uhps
lqlfTtr iaMky esa i/kkjs FksA fo}ku~ egkRekvksa ds Hkk"k.k lqudj cgqr izlUu
gq,A lHkk lekfIr ds vuUrj egkjktk lkgc us Jh egar iafMr jke flag th
ds pj.kksa dks Nwdj iz.kke fd;kA ijLij dq'ky iz'ukuarj] egkjkt us fouhr
Hkko ls iwNk&egkjkt th] egar cqM~<k flag th egkjkt ds n'kZu ugha gq,A os
i/kkjs gSa fd ugha\ mÙkj esa Jh egar th us dgk&muls izkFkZuk rks dh Fkh] ij os
vk ugha ldsA egkjktk lfkgc us fQj fouhr Loj esa dgk& egkjkt! mUgsa rks
vo'; cqykuk pkfg,A Jh egar th egkjkt us dgk&og vkJe cuok jgs gaS]
'kk;n og u vk ldsaA ;gk¡ cgqr cM+s&cM+s fo}ku~ n'kZu ns jgs gSaA dksbZ deh
Hkh ugha gS rks egkjktk lkgc us dgk&;g lc Bhd gS] fo}ku~ vkSj _f"k rqY;
Kkuoku vkSj ohrjkx riLoh egkRek gSaA mudh ;ksX;rk esa dksbZ lansg ugha
fd;k tk ldrkA vr% gekjs fy, lHkh ueL; gSaA ij fQj Hkh egar cqM~<+k
flag th ds fcuk rks ,slk yxrk gS tSls panu r# fcuk lqanj miouA bl
lanHkZ esa eq>s fdlh lqdfo dh lwfDr ;kn gks vk;h gS&
'khy fouk Ja`xkj 'kqHk ti ri fcuk KkuAA
dgq l[kh dgwa lqgkr gS o`Unkcu fcuq dkuAA
izkphu gh ugha fdarq fdlh uwru dfo us Hkh dqN ,slk gh Hkko O;Dr fd;k
gSµ
tiri ;ksx ;K Hkyks djS]
osn&ikB fcuk czg~eKku dSls ikoS ije /kke dksAA
rkt fouk jkt] u cSdq.B fcuk fo".kq ds]
pUnu fcuk u 'kksHkk ou vfHkjke dksAA
128 vkRe lfjrk

Hkyh dqUt xyh pyh tkr gks vla[k l[kh]

o`Unkou mu n'kZu fcuk ;ke dksAA
?kwer nsokaxuk LoPNUn tkeS nsox.k]
fcuk jktk bUnz uUnu fdl dke dksAA
egkjktk dh n`<+ /kkj.kk dks ns[kdj Jh egar lkfgc us lq>ko fn;k fd
,d lar ge v[kkM+s dh vksj ls Hkst nsrs gSa vkSj ,d deZpkjh vki viuh
vksj ls _f"kds'k Hkst nhft,A bl izdkj vkids izse ls 'kk;n vkuk Lohdkj
dj ysaA egkjktk us Lohdkj fd;k vkSj nksuksa vkneh x, vkSj tkdj Jh egar
,oa egkjktk dk lans'k lquk;k rks egkjkt ckck cqM~<k flag th] vkJe dk
fuekZ.k dk;Z lar vkRek flag th dks lkSai dj Xokfy;j dh vksj izLFkku dj
x,A lar larks"k flag dks lkFk ysdj vki Xokfy;j igq¡ps rks lc larkas us
vkidk lg"kZ Lokxr fd;kA egkjktk lkgc us cM+k gh g"kZ euk;kA pkj ekl
rd fueZy v[kkM+s dh t;&t;dkj gksrh jgh] D;ksafd egkRekvksa us yxkrkj
pkj ekl rd izHkq uke dk ve`r uxj fuokfl;ksa dks fiyk;k ftls ihdj
mudh vkRek lE;d~ lar`Ir gqbZA
v[kkM+s us tc izLFkku dh rS;kjh dh rks egkjktk us xq# ukud ds njckj
esa gkftj gksdj jktnjckj esa iq=&jRu ds vHkko dk ftØ fd;k rks Jh egar
th us ckck cqM~<k flag th ls vjnkl djus dh izkFkZuk dhA rc vkius
HkDroRly xq# ckck ds njckj esa lq/kk L=koh 'kCnksa esa vjnkl dh vkSj var
esa iw.kZ J)k vkSj fo'okl ds lkFk fuEukafdr iafDr;ksa dk mPpkj.k djrs
gq,&
tks ekxfg Bkdqj viqus rs lksbZ lksbZ nsoSAA
ukud nklq eq[k rs tks cksyS bZgk Ågk lpq gksoSAA ¼iUuk 681½
vjnkl lekIr dh rks xq# ukud nso dh t; ds xxu&Hksnh mn~?kks"k ls n'kksa
vkRe lfjrk 129

fn'kk,a xw¡t mBhaA t;&?kks"k dh 'kkafr ds lkFk gh Jh xzaFk lkfgc ls Jh

eq[kokd fy;k x;k rks xq# jkenkl th dk fuEufyf[kr 'kCn vk;k&
/kukljh egyk 4AA
bNk iwjdq ljc lq[knkrk gfj tk dS ofl gS dke/ksukAA
lks ,slk gfj f/kvkbZ,s esjs thvMs+ rk ljc lq[k ikofg esjs eukAA 1AA
tfi eu lfr ukeq lnk lfr ukeqAA
gyr iyfr eq[k Åty gksbZ gS fur f/kvkbZ,Z s gfj iqjq [kq fujatukAA jgkmAA
tg gfj flejuq Hkbvk rg mikf/k xrq dhuh oMHkkxh gfj tiukAA
tu ukud dm xqfj bg efr nhuh tfi gfj Hkotyq rjukAA 2AA
¼iUuk 669-70½
blds ckn dM+kg iz'kkn Hkjiwj ek=k esa ck¡Vk x;kA bl fnu egkjktk dh
vksj ls Hkkjh ;K fd;k x;k ftlesa u dsoy lk/kq czkã.kksa us gh izR;qr izR;sd
HkkstukfHkyk"kh us eu Hkk;k Hkkstu ik;kA vxys fnu egkjktk us lc
egkRekvksa ds xys esa Qwy ekyk,a igukbaZA losjs lok lkr cts tekr us iatkc
dh vksj izLFkku fd;kA Jh egar th vkSj ckck cqM~<k flag th us egkjktk dks
'kqHk vk'khokZn fn;k vkSj egkjktk dh gjh dkj esa lokj gksdj LVs'ku ij
igq¡psA tekr Xokfy;j ls iatkc dks jokuk gks xbZA egkjkt Jh egar lkfgc
,oa ckck cqM~<k flag th egkjkt du[ky ig¡qp x,A
lar vkRek flag th du[ky vk x,A ckck th lar vkRek flag th o lar
larks"k flag th vkfn us nks fnu esa lc fueZy LFkkuksa dh vkSj mnklhu
v[kkM+ksa dh ;k=k dh vkSj rhljs fnu du[ky ls _f"kds'k ig¡qp x,A
q
130 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 35

fQj ut+js rkehj

b/kj prqekZl ds dke ls fuo`Ùk gksdj ckck th us rkehj ¼bekjr fuekZ.k½
dh rjQ ut+j ?kqekbZA bekjr dk dqN dke ckdh iM+k Fkk] mls iwjk djus ds
fy, lar vkRek flag th dh roTtks ¼/;ku½ fnykbZA cl fQj D;k Fkk] lar
vkRek flag th rks tkurs gh ugha Fks fd FkdkoV fdl fpfM+;k dk uke gksrk
gSA rks gqDe dh rkehy djuk tkurs Fks vkSj tkurs Fks fd ^vkKk le ugha
lkgc lsok*A nwljs yQ+t+ksa ¼'kCnksa½ esa ;kas dgk tk ldrk gS fd os ,d QtZ+
f'kukl usd balku Fks vkSj xqekuks x#j ls fcydqy nwjA edku ds eqf[k;k
gksus ds ukrs mudk QtZ+ Fkk eqf'kZnksa ds b'kkjksa dks ns[krs jguk vkSj bl QtZ+
dks og Bhd rjg fuHkkrs FksA Qt+sZ eqf'dy dks iwjk djus ds ikd gquj dh
otg ls egkjkt dh esgjckuh ds gdnkj cu x, FksA gkFk tksM+dj lar
vkRek flag th us dgk&egkjkt! dke djus dh rkdr Hkh gqtwj us gh vrk
djuh ¼nsuh gS½ gS vkSj mls fdl <ax ls fd;k tk, bldh vDy nsus okys Hkh
vki gh gSaA
dkB dh iqrjh dgk djS ciqjh f[kykougkjks tkuSAA
tSlk Hks[kq djkoS ckthx# vksgq rSlks gh lktq vkuSAA ¼iUuk 206½
ds eqrkfcd ge rks e'khu ds ekfuan ¼tSls½ gSa tSls vki pyk,axs pyrk
pywaxkA ckck us Hkjs fny ls dgk&csVk rqe Bhd dgrs gks\ Hkxoku jke us
ujekbZ dh [kkfl;r dh otg ls gh] ekfuan ekSr ds l[r dqYgkM+s dh rst/kkj
ls N=h ¼{kf=;½ dqy dh tM+ dks dkV Qsadus okys ij'kqjke ls lc dqN Nhu
vkRe lfjrk 131

fy;k FkkA blh rjg xj ¼;fn½ rqe Hkh esjh dqy rkdrksa dks Nhu yks rks blesa
rkTtqc ¼vk'p;Z½ dh ckr gh D;k gS\ ;g dgrs gq, ckck th lkfgc us
nfj;k, [kq'kh esa ljkcksj gksdj I;kjs eqjhn dks lhus ls yxk fy;k vkSj nqvk
nsrs gq, dgk&csVk ] rqe lc dqN dj yksxsA rqEgkjs flj ij ckck ukud
lkfgc dk nLrs eqDdnl ¼vk'khZokn½ gSA os rqEgkjs Åij eqLkyly ¼yxkrkj½
ckfj'ks jger dj jgs gSaA vPNk tkvks] pk; rS;kj djks] ckck us fugk;r
¼cgqr½ [kq'k gksdj gqDe fn;kA lar vkRek flag th pk; cukus yxsA
yks vPNk gqvk] ;gha n'kZu gks x,A ge lksprs Fks] egkjkt lSj dks x,
gksaxs] ;g dgrs Vksiunkl us egkjkt ds dnes ikd ¼ifo= pj.k½ ij flj
j[k fn;k vkSj ea?kkjke us naMor iz.kke fd;kA egkjkt us dneksa ij ls flj
mBkrs gq, dgk&csVk jkth gksA gk¡ egkjkt! vkidh nqvk ls lc Bhd gS]
Vksiunkl us [kq'kh tkfgj djrs gq, dgkA ea?kkjke! csVk rqe crkvks lc
[kSfj;r gS\ egkjkt! utjs dhfe;ka ls eglwl dj jgk g¡w fd yksgs ls yky
cu x;k gw¡] ea?kkjke us flnd tk+fgj djrs gq, dgkA vPNk! gSnjkckn ds
vkSj izsfe;ksa ds ?kj rks lc [kSfj;r gS] ckck lkfgc us eksgCcr ls iwNkA ^^cl
nhnkj ds bartkj esa rM+i jgs gSa lc] vkSj gqtwj dh nqvk ls [kSfj;r gS]**
ea?kkjke us vkus dk edln ¼vk'k;½ t+kfgj djrs gq, dgkA
brus esa lar vkRek flag th us pk; dk yksVk ykdj ckck lkfgc dh
pkSdh ij j[k fn;kA ^lkfnd eqjhnksa* ls ,d nwljs dh [kSfj;r iwNus ds ckn
iszfe;ksa ds vkxs Hkh pk; ds fxykl j[k fn,A pk; dk ?kw¡V ihdj egkjkt us
iwNk& fdruk le; ysdj vk, gks Vksiunkl ! oDr dgk¡] lkbZackck\ ek;k ds
dhM+ksa dhs fgnk;r ysdj vk, gSa] vkids lkfndksa dh] fd nks fnu ls T;knk er
yxkuk] Vksiunkl us xksy yQ+t+ksa ¼'kCnksa½ esa pyus dh [okfg'k dks fNikdj
dgkA vPNk] Vksiu yksxksa dk ;g [;ky fd fla/kh Hkksys gksrs gSa] ,dne xyr
gSA rqeus dqN u dgdj Hkh lc dqN dg MkykA ;kfu ¼vFkkZr½ ,d rjg ls
132 vkRe lfjrk

geas gqDe lquk fn;k pyus dk] egkjkt us mldh nkfu'ka&eanh ¼le>nkjh½ ij
[kq'k gksdj dgkA ugha egkjkt [kkfn+e ¼ukSdj½ rks f[kn+er ¼lsok½ gh dj
ldrk gS] gqDe djus dh fgekd+r ¼csodwQh½ dSls dj ldrk gSA ge rks
xqt+kfj+'k ¼izkFkZuk½ gh dj ldrs gSa dnesa ikd esa cSB djA
bl rjg eksgCcr ds vankt esa ckrsa djrs gq, pk; [kRe dhA blds ckn
egkjkt] jkst+ ds nLrwj ds eqrkfcd ¼vuqlkj½ 'kke dh lSj ds fy, fudy
x,A lar vkRek flag th us vk, esgekuksa ds lksus dk bartke fd;kA ugkus
oxSjg dh txg crkdj jkr ds lksus dk bartke djus yx x,A egkjkt ds
vkus ij lar djrkj flag us jgjkl dk ikB fd;kA jgjkl o vjnkl ds
ckn lHkh us egkjkt ds pj.kksa esa iz.kke fd;kA lar vkRek flag th us [kkuk
Fkkyh esa yxkdj egkjkt ds lkeus pkSdh j[k nhA ckn esa lc larksa vkSj
HkDRkksa us Hkkstu ik;kA blds ckn lc yksx egkjkt ds ikl x,A lar vkRek
flag th vkSj lar larks"k flag th ckck th ds ik¡o nckus yx x,A ckck th us
Msjs laca/kh vkSj ckrsa djds] eLrkus HkDr lwjnkl dh nkLrkus ft+anxh ¼vkRe
dFkk½ lqukbZ vkSj ml ds ckn lcdks lksus dh btkt+r fey xbZA nwljs fnu
lqcg lar vkRek flag th mBs vkSj xqLy oxSjk ls Qkfjx gksdj] ckck th dks
Luku djkdj fQj xq# xzaFk lkfgc dk izdk'k djds /kwi cÙkh dhA vius dejs
esa tks fd mudh viuh bcknrxkg ¼ikB&iwtk LFky½ Fkh] tkdj jkst dh rjg
tiq th lkfgc vkfn dk ikB fd;kA blh rjg nwljs larksa us Hkh ikB vkfn
fd;k tks mudh :gkuh [kqjkd FkhA blds ckn egkjkt ds pj.kksa esa ueLdkj
dhA pk; vkfn uk'rk djds egkjkt us lkfnd eqjhnksa ds lkFk ekjQr ckrsa
dh vkSj larksa ls dgk] yks HkkbZ ge rks dy gfj}kj gksrs gq, fla/k dks pys
tk,axs] rqe yksx esy feyki vkSj eksgCcr ls jgukA ;kn j[kks rqEgkjh
vkokt+ edku dh pkj nhokjh ds ckgj u fudysA q
vkRe lfjrk 133

rjax 36

izLFkku ds le; f'k";ksa dks mins'k

I;kjs ftKklqvks ! ;fn rqe yksx lpeqp dqN tkuuk pkgrs gks rks bu
ckrksa dks ekyk ds eksrh dh rjg eu esa fijks yksA lRlax vkSj xq#ok.kh dk
fopkj dHkh ugha NksM+uk osn esa mins'k fn;k x;k gS fd& Lok/;k; izopukH;ka
u izefnrO;e~A
HkkokFkZ ;g gS fd Lok/;k; ,oa izopu ls dHkh izekn ugha djuk pkfg,A
igys izekn dk vFkZ le> yhft,A lqfoK tuksa us izekn 'kCn dk vFkZ bl
izdkj fd;k gS&
izkIrL; dÙkZO; vdj.ke~ izekn% Hkko&vius vko';d dÙkZO; ls foeq[k
gks tkuk] bls izekn dgrs gSaA vk/;kfRed iq#"kksa ds fy, ije dÙkZO; gS&xhrk]
xq#ok.kh vkSj osn'kkL= dk Lok/;k; djukA Lok/;k; dk Hkko gS&,dkar esa
fLFkj fpÙk gksdj Lo;a v/;;u djukA [kqn&c&[kqn osnkfn ln~xzaFkksa dk fopkj
djrs jguk D;ksafd ;g vkRek dh [kqjkd gSA tSls ge 'kfDro/kZd Qy] ?kh]
nw/k ,oa vUu&ty vkfn ls dHkh izekn ugha djrs cfYd 'kjhj dh iqf"V ds
fy, fujarj budk lsou djrs jgrs gSa] oSls gh fnO;] 'kkar] vk/;kfRed ykHk
ds fy, gesa J)kiwoZd Lok/;k; djrs jguk pkfg,A
izopu dk vFkZ gS&Hkk"k.k] fo}ku~ egkRekvksa ds izopuksa dks J)kiwoZd
lqurs jguk pkfg,A blls foosd oSjkX; vkfn ln~xq.kksa dh o`f) gksrh gS] tks
vkRe&Kku esa ije lgk;d gSA
bruk mins'k nsdj egar cqM~<k flag th dkfrZd lqnh n'keh lu~ 1918
¼loar~ 1975½ dks gSnjkckn fla/k ds fy, jokuk gks x,A q
134 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 37

gSnjkckn esa
gfj}kj gksrs gq, vki 'kqDyk prqnZ'kh dks Jh Vksiunkl ds ?kj gSnjkckn
ig¡qp x,A vxys fnu dkfrZd iw.kZeklh dks Jh xq# ukud nso th ds
tUeksRlo ds ikou ioZ ij /keZ'kkyk ¼xq#}kjk½ esa tkdj vkius cgqr foLr`r
Hkk"k.k fn;kA Jh xq# ukud nso ds txr dY;k.k fgr fd, egku dk;ksZa ij
vuwBs <+ax ls izdk'k MkykA bl ehBs vkSj egÙoiw.kZ Hkk"k.k ls Jksrk cgqr
izHkkfor gq,A lSadM+ksa J)kyqvksa us vkids pj.kke`r dk iku fd;k vkSj
xq#ok.kh ds izseh cusA cgqr ls fd'kksj ,oa ;qod ukfLrdrk dk vkxzg
NksM+dj xq#ok.kh ds J)kyq ,oa vkfLrd cu x,A
Hkxoku tkus vki esa dksbZ vk/;kfRed 'kfDr dk vuar HkaMkj Fkk ;k
vkids egku~ O;fDrRo esa vHkwriwoZ vkd"kZ.k Fkk vFkok yksxksa dh J)kiw.kZ
HkfDr vkSj vpy fo'okl dk ifj.kke Fkk ij ;g ,d lw;Zor nsnhI;eku /kzqo
lR; gS fd cgqr yksxksa dh ekU;rk,a ,oa dkeuk,a vkids dYir# pj.kksa ds
izrki ls iw.kZ gksrh FkhaA vkidks ,d uxj ls nwljs uxj tkuk cgqr dfBu
gksrk Fkk fQj Hkh vU; uxj fuokfl;ksa dh J)k HkfDr o'kkr! nwljs 'kgjksa esa
ig¡qpus dk eqf'dy dke Hkh dnkfpr djuk gh iM+rk FkkA lks fla/k izns'k ds
bl nkSjs esas vkidks izkar ds lkr&vkB 'kgjksa esa tkuk iM+kA
Hkkjr&Hkwfe ds Hkw"k.k :i bl Hkw[kaM ds fuoklh yksxksa dks Jh xq# ukud
nso ds fnO; lans'k lqukdj ,oa okfgxq# uke dk ve`r fiykdj vki lu~
1919 dks cSlk[kh ds ifo= ioZ ij gfj}kj igq¡p x,A bl ckj fueZy ckx
vkRe lfjrk 135

du[ky esa vki nks&<kbZ eghus BgjsA ;gk¡ ij ckx vkSj mlesa cuh dksBh dk
dke vkxs c<+k;kA lar vkRek flag th Hkh ;gk¡ jg dj dke djus yxsA cM+s
lkgc flag th ;gha vkdj psys ¼f'k";½ cusA lar lkgc flag vkSj lar larks"k
flag vkfn us bl LFkku esa cgqr lsok dhA ;g dguk vR;qfDr u gksxh fd ;fn
bu nksuksa deZB larksa dh lsok u feyrh rks ;gk¡ dqvksa tSls xgjs xM~<ksa dks Hkj
lduk vfr dfBu FkkA du[ky dksBh vkSj ckx dk cgqr&lk dke djk dj
vki lar vkRek falag th dks lkFk ysdj fueZy vkJe] _f"kds'k esa vk x,A
;gk¡ ig¡qp dj lar vkRek flag th us cnzhukFk] xaxks=h vkSj ;equks=h vkfn
mÙkjk[kaM ds eg oiw.kZ rhFkZ&LFkkuksa dh ;k=k djus dh vkKk ek¡xhA blesa
lansg ugha fd ,sls dfBu dke ds le; bruh cM+h ;k=k ds fy, vkKk iznku
djuh egkjkt ds fy, dfBu ckr Fkh ijarq fiz; f'k"; dh rhFkZ ;k=k dh
mRdV bPNk dks ns[krs gq, ekuuk gh iM+kA
q
136 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 38

mÙkjk[kaM dh ;k=k
^/kU; xq# ukud*] ^t; ckck Jh panz*! vfr I;kjs vkSj euksgkjh bl
ifo= mn~?kks"k dks lqudj vkRek flag th vkuaniw.kZ pfdr us=ksa ls brLrr%
ns[kus yxsA dgk¡ ls vk jgh gS ;g ehBh vkokt+\ dkSu gS ;gk¡ I;kj ds nsork]
xq# ukud uke dk nhokukA brus esa ,d fuckZ.k egkRek] tks fd nso&iz;kx ds
laxe esa Luku djds ykSV jgs Fks] dks ns[kkA muds g"kZ ,oa vkuan dk ikjkokj
u jgk vkSj mUgkasus ^t; fuckZ.k egkiq#"kksa dh* dgdj lknj ueLdkj fd;k
rks lkeus vkus okys egkRek th us Hkh g"kksZYykl ds lkFk vfHkoknu fd;kA
bl izdkj ijLij Lusg&iw.kZ vfHkoknu vkSj dq'ky&iz'u ds ckn fuckZ.k th
us iwNk&vki dc i/kkjs ;gk¡\ rks lar vkRek flag th us dgk&egkjkt eSa rks
dy 'kke dks gh ;gk¡ ig¡qpk gw¡A vPNk] rks vki dkyh deyh okys dh
/keZ'kkyk esa gh Bgjs gksaxs] fuckZ.k th us iwNkA lar vkRek flag th us dgk&th
gk¡] ogha Bgjk gw¡A egkjkt&vPNk] rks vki vyduank vkSj HkkxhjFkh ds
laxe ij Luku dj vkb, rks fQj ckrphr djsaxsA eSa Hkh mlh /keZ'kkyk esa
Bgjk gw¡] fuckZ.k th us okrkZyki lekIr djrs gq, dgkA lar vkRek flag th
us laxe ij Luku fd;k vkSj fdukjs cSB dj ^tiq th lkfgc* dk ikB iw.kZ
fd;k vkSj lq[keuh lkfgc th dk ikB djrs gq, /keZ'kkyk esa vk, vkSj
mldh lekfIr dj] fuckZ.k egkRek ls feysA f'k"Vkpkj ds vuarj lar vkRek
flag th cktkj ls pk; ys vk, vkSj nksuksa egkRekvksa us uk'rk fd;kA
okrkZyki esa lar vkRek flag th ds iwNus ij fuckZ.k th us crk;k fd eSa
vkRe lfjrk 137

vkt+ex<+] mÙkj izns'k ls ijlksa ;gk¡ vk;k gw¡A xq#'kj.k nkl mnklhu esjk
uke gS] ogha ij esjk ifo= xq#&LFkku gSA vki dfg, dgk¡ ls i/kkjs gSa\ lar
vkRek flag th us dgk&esjk xq#LFkku _f"kds'k esa gh gS] eSa ijlksa 2 Jko.k
lu~ 1919 dks ogk¡ ls pydj egknso pV~Vh Bgjk vkSj ogk¡ ls O;kl pV~Vh
gksrk gqvk dy ;gk¡ ig¡qpk gw¡A vPNk! cgqr lkgl dk dke fd;k vkius tks
nks fnu esa pkyhl ehy jkLrk r; dj fy;kA gk¡] rks ;g ekywe gS vkidks fd
nsoiz;kx leqnz dh lrg ls fdruh Å¡pkbZ ij gS] fuckZ.k us iwNkA th gk¡]
_f"kds'k 1100 QhV vkSj ;g nsoiz;kx 1700 QhV dh Å¡pkbZ ij fLFkr gSA
bl izdkj ;s yksx ckrsa dj gh jgs Fks fd lkeus ls vkrs gq, ,d oSjkxh
lk/kq us dgk&lhrkjke rks mÙkj esa bu yksxksa us Hkh t; Jh lhrkjke dgdj
oS".ko lk/kq dk lknj vfHkoknu fd;k vkSj mUgsa mfpr LFkku nsdj uk'rk
djk;kA blds ckn ckck th us laxe Luku dh bPNk O;Dr dh vkSj Luku
djus pys x,A Luku vkfn dk;Z ls fuo`Ùk gks dj okil vkdj cSBs rks dgus
yxs&;gk¡ nsoiz;kx esa Hkxoku Jh j?kqukFk th dk eafnj gSA eSa tkdj ;keo.kZ
izHkq ds n'kZu dj vkÅaA rks bu nksuksa egkRekvksa us dgk fd ge Hkh lkFk
pyrs gSa] j?kqukFk th ds eafnj esa n'kZu ds fy,] Hkxoku rks lHkh ds vkjk/;
nsork gSaA lHkh nso foxzg lHkh ds fy, n'kZuh; gksrs gSaA rhuksa lar j?kqukFk th
dh HkO; ewfrZ ds n'kZu dj /keZ'kkyk esa ykSV vk,A mnkj vkRek lar vkRek
flag th cktkj ls iwM+h feBkbZ ys vk, vkSj rhuksa rhFkZ lsoh larkas us izlUurk
iwoZd Hkkstu ik;kA dqN vkjke djus ds ckn mnklhu ckck us dgk&ckck th
{kek djsaxs vki] ge vkids 'kqHk uke vkfn ls ifjfpr gksuk pkgrs gSaA oS".ko
ckck us dgk&gk¡&gk¡] blesa {kek dh dkSu lh ckr gS] esjk uke gS&xq# dk fn;k
Hks"k] Hkxoku dk fn;k Jh Jh j?kqohj pj.k&js.kqnklA dbZ ,d egkRek
pj.kjs.kq ;k js.kq vFkok js.kqnkl Hkh dgrs gSaA eSa jgus okyk gw¡] xkao 'ksjiqj
138 vkRe lfjrk

ftyk Nijk fcgkj dk] 'ksjiqjk esa esjk xq# LFkku gSA
vPNk vki ;g crkb, fd dHkh igys Hkh bl ;k=k ij vk, gSa vki
yksx\ oS".ko us iwNkA nksuksa egkRekvksa us dgk&ughaA ge rks igyh ckj gh
vk, gSa b/kjA vPNk dksbZ ckr ugha] eSa igys ,d ckj gks x;k gw¡] vr% jkLrs
ls ifjfpr gw¡] vki dksbZ fpark u djsa] oSjkxh us vk'oklu nsrs gq, dgkA
blds ckn rhuksa egkRek laxe vkfn dh euksgkjh n`';koyh ns[kus x,A
lk;adkyhu la/;koanukfn ds vuarj jkf= Hkkstu djds /keZ'kkyk ds
deZpkfj;ksa ls ;k=k dh dfBukb;ksa vkSj ekxZ ds ckjs esa iwN&rkN djds
vius&vius vkluksa ij vk cSBs vkSj egkiq#"kksa dh fnO; thofu;ksa dh dFkk,a
dgrs lqurs jgsA jkf= 10 cts bZ'oj&fparu djrs gq, lks x,A izkr%
laxe&Lukukfn fuR;&deksZa ls fuo`Ùk gksdj] ty&iku vkfn djds vkSj vkxs
;equks=h dh ;k=k ds fy, izLFkku fd;kA
q
vkRe lfjrk 139

rjax 39

;equks=h&;k=k
_f"kds"k ls nsoiz;kx 44 ehy gSA vkxs vyduank dks ikj dj HkkxhjFkh
ds fdukjs&fdukjs ;equks=h dks jkLrk tkrk gSA nsoiz;kx ls fVgjh 34 ehy dh
nwjh ij gSA ;gh uxjh fVgjh jkT; dh jkt/kkuh Hkh FkhA iwoksZDr rhuksa ;k=h
egkRek] [klkZM+k vkSj dksVs oj gksdj fVgjh igq¡psA ;g lqanj uxjh leqnz dh
lrg ls 2900 QqV dh Å¡pkbZ ij gS] bls rRdkyhu jktk lqn'kZu us cuok;k
FkkA blls 9 ehy vkxs izrkiuxj gS tks lkxj dh lrg ls 7900 QqV dh
Å¡pkbZ ij crkbZ tkrh gSA ;g 1878 ds djhc jktk izrki'kkg us cuok;k
FkkA fHkyaxuk unh ds fdukjs ds jkLrs ls dsnkj vanktu ¼yxHkx½ 72 ehy
gSA ;equks=h 74 vkSj xaxks=h 100 ehy crkbZ tkrh gSA fVgjh ls mÙkjdk'kh
nks fnu esa igq¡psA /kjklw ls 29 ehy pydj fleyh igq¡psA ;gk¡ ls ,d ekxZ
mÙkjdk'kh dh vksj tkrk gSA fleyh ls 2 ehy Qklys ij xaxukuh gSA bl
txg ;equk ds fdukjs dqaM gS ftls xaxk dk dqaM dgk tkrk gSA ;gk¡ dh
/keZ'kkyk esa jkr fcrk dj ;equk fdukjs&fdukjs lar ;k=h vkxs c<+sA xaxukuh
;equk pV~Vh ls ekxZ lh/kk gSA ;gk¡ ls jkstjh pV~Vh vkSj MMksjh pV~Vh vkrh
gSA ;gk¡ dqN ekxZ lh/kk ,d ehy p<+kbZ ds r; djus ij vkxs iqy ikj dj
ysus ds ckn FkksM+k p<+kbZ gSA MMksjh jkuk xk¡o ls dqrukSj pV~Vh rd dqN ekxZ
lh/kk gSA ;gk¡ rd yksx cl }kjk Hkh tkrs gSaA ;gk¡ jkr fcrkbZA vkxs guqeku
xaxk dk iqy ikj dj [kjlkyh 4 ehy gSA vn~Hkqr izkd`frd lkSan;Z ns[k dj
izHkq! rsjh efgek vijaikj gS dgrs gq, 'kkSp x, vkSj p'kes ds ikuh esa gkFk
140 vkRe lfjrk

vkfn /kks, vkSj ;equk Luku fd;kA ogha mudh ;knxkj ,d cqthZ ds :i esa
ns[kh tkrh gSA lar vkRek flag th us blh ;knxkj ds n'kZu fd, vkSj Qwy&
ckrh p<kbZA J)k O;Dr dh vkSj iaMk dks ;Fkksfpr iqjLdkj nsdj ;equk
eafnj ds ikl pqUuw HkkbZ okyh /keZ'kkyk esa okil vk x,A ;gk¡ rhuksa egkRek
nks fnu Luku] nku] Lej.k ti vkfn djds thou dh vueksy ?kM+h dks lQy
cukrs jgsA
mÙkjdk'kh vkSj ;equks=h ds iaMk yksx ;gha jgrs gSaA ;gk¡ ls Ms<+ ehy
pydj ;equks=h ig¡qp tkrs gSaA
fgeky; ds ewy ls tgk¡ ls ;equk fudyrh gS mlh p'kes ds LFkku dks
;equks=h dgrs gSaA ;g lkxj dh lrg ls 10,000 QqV dh Å¡pkbZ ij gSA
;gk¡ ,d ;equk eafnj Hkh gS ,oa pqUuw ek/kksyky th vgenkckn vkSj eqjkn ds
ykyk j?kquanu dh /keZ'kkyk,a Hkh gSaA ;gk¡ ,d vksj rks ;equk th dh 'khry
/kkjk cg jgh gS vkSj nwljh vksj vR;q"k.k ty ds p'kes eu esa dkSrwgy
mRiUu djrs gSaA ;gk¡ dh n`';koyh dk utkjk ¼n`';½ vfr lqanj gSA
;gka¡ vkdj lar vkRek flag th dks riks/ku egkiq#"k czãyhu ckck [kqnk
flag th dh ;kn lglk ¼vpkud½ gks vkbZA os eLr Qdhj ;gk¡ ij Hkh
uXukoLFkk esa gh jgrs FksA mudh ladYi'kfDr ds ckjs esa ,d dFkk izpfyr
gS&;gk¡ ij tc mudks 'kkSp dh gktr gqbZ rks ;equk th esa 'kkSpkfnfØ;k djuk
vuqfpr le>kA ik= vkfn ikl j[krs gh u Fks] vr% 'kkSpkfn fØ;k vlaHko
ns[kdj n`<+ ladYi fd;k fd tc rd ;equkty ls vfrfjDr ty miyC/k
ugha gksxk rc rd 'kkSpkfn ugha djsaxsA cl iYkFkh yxkdj cSB x,A fQj D;k
Fkk] losjs ns[krs gSa fd dsoy 4 QqV dh nwjh ij fuon, ty p'kek cg jgk
gSA Bhd rks dgrh gS xq#ok.kh&
Tkks tks fprofg lk/k tu lks ysrk ekfuAA ¼iUuk 817½
q
vkRe lfjrk 141

rjax 40

mÙkjdk'kh dh vksj
;k=h egkRek ;equks=h ls 25 ehy iwoksZDr ekxZ ls ykSVsA vkxs fleyh ls
Ms<+ ehy rd ekxZ lh/kk gSA blls vkxs vk/kk ehy p<+kbZ p<+dj lk<+s rhu
ehy flaxksV rd fupkbZ esa mrjuk gksrk gSA bl rjg fleyh ls lk<+s lkr
ehy pydj flaxksV vk x,A bl txg ls mÙkjdk'kh xaxks=h okys jkLrs esa ,d
ehy lh/kk vkSj Ms<+ ehy mrkj dk jkLrk ikj dj ukdksjh pV~Vh vkrh gSA
ukdksjh ls ,d jkLrk ;equks=h dks vkSj blh rjg lh/kk xaxks=h dks tkrk gSA
mÙkjdk'kh
ukdksjh ls mÙkjdk'kh 6 ehy dh nwjh ij gSA _f"kds'k o nsoiz;kx ls
mÙkjdk'kh igq¡pus eas bu rhFkZ&;k=h egkRekvksa dks yxHkx Ms<+ eghuk yx
x;kA ;g uxjh mÙkjk[kaM dk vfr mÙke vkSj ikou rhFkZ LFkku gSA vc rks
;g mÙkjk[kaM dk ,d ftyk cuk fn;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ thouksi;ksxh lHkh oLrq,a
vklkuh ls fey tkrh gSaA
;g ohrjkx riLoh eks{kdkeh eqfu&tuksa] izHkq&iszeh HkDrksa ,oa /kkfeZd
yksxksa dh ikoure Hkwfe gSA bl /kjk/kke ds Hkw[kaM dk d.k&d.k LoxZ leku
okaíuh; ekS{k ,oa vpZuh; gSA ;gk¡ vusdkusd lalkj&eksg fueqZDr fl) ;ksxh
dSoY; izkIr djds ekuo&thou dks lQy cukrs jgs gSaA ,sfgd ,oa
ikjykSfdd inkFkksZa ls iw.kZ oSjkX; /kkj.k dj fdrus gh lR;kUos"kh egkiq#"k
dfBure lk/kuk ds QyLo:i nq%[kksa dh fuo`fÙk dj fuR;fujfr'k;kuUn ds
egk.kZo esa xgjs xksrs yxkdj ^^czg~efon~ czg~eSo Hkofr** ds vuqlkj fdrus
142 vkRe lfjrk

czkãhHkwr gks x, gSa] dqN fxurh ugha gSA bUgha riksou Kkuk.kZo HkkjrfoHkwfr]
efrerka ew/kZU;] efgekeafMr egkekuo Js.kh dh lsok lqJw"kk ds fy,
/kuh&/kekZRek yksxksa dh vksj ls vusd /keZ'kkyk,a o vUu {ks= gSaA buesa dkyh
deyh okys dk vUu {ks= vfr lqizfl) gSA ;g 'kgj rks ugha ij fQj Hkh bls
,d vPNk dLck rks dgk gh tk ldrk gSA ;gk¡ dh eafnj&ekyk dh efgek Hkh
o.kZukrhr gS vkSj ;g fnO; lkSan;Z dk ygjkrk gqvk vlhe lkxj gSA
tSafVyeSuksa ds fy, ;gka¡ gksVy&Dyc Hkh gSaA n'kZuh; ou&miou vkSj
iq"iokfVdk,a Hkh gSaA fLFkrizK ;ksxh iq#"kksa dh xqQk,a o dapu dkfefu dkeuk
oftZr danjk,a Hkh fo'o&oSHko fojDrtuksa dk fpÙkkd"kZ.k djrh gSaA ;g
eqfutu pj.k jt iziwfjr ouLFkyh ou&iafNvksa ds e/kqjrj&xku ls lnk
xqatk;eku jgrh gSA ;gk¡ dh ufn;ksa ds fu>Zj&fuukn] uanuou ds leku
eukseqX/kdkjh gSA fda cgquk ;gk¡ ds izkd`frd lkSan;Z dh NVk o.kZukrhr gSA
;gka¡ dk okrkoj.k fpÙk dks 'kkafr iznku dj eqfDr&ekxZ dh vksj cjcl [khap
ykrk gSA dkj.k ;g gS fd ;gk¡ lnk&loZnk] lkalkfjd lq[kksnklhu lar lekt
ds nqyZHk n'kZu lqyHk gSaA ;gk¡ KkuxaxktyeTtu fu/kZwr dfydYe"k gj.k
egf"kZx.k pj.k&fpfUgr ouohfFkdkvkas dk 'khryre iou] rki=;rIr ân;
ds larki dks rR{k.k gj ysrk gSA bl ifo= LFkyh esa fofHkUu eafnjksa ;ksxhtuksa
dh xqQkvksa vkSj vU;kU; ikou LFkkuksa dh ;k=k dj ,oa ohrjkx egkRekvksa
ds n'kZu dj iwoksZDr nksuksa egkRek] ;kfu xq#'kj.k nkl th fuckZ.k ,oa ckck
j?kqohj pj.kjs.kqnkl oSjkxh] ;gk¡ LoxZ tSlk vkuankuqHko dj ,d lIrkg jg
dj vius&vius LFkku dks ykSV x,A lkStU; ewfrZ lar vkRek flag th bUgsa 6
ehy ukdksjh pV~Vh rd NksM+us vk,A ;gk¡ ls fcNqM+rs le; rhuksa us gh vlá
nq%[k dk vuqHko fd;k D;ksafd bl Ms<+ ekl ds lgfuokl vkSj dksey
O;ogkj ls ijLij vfr izse gks x;k FkkA vr%
vkRe lfjrk 143

fefyr ,d nk#.k nq%[k nsgh] fcNqjr ,d izk.k gj ysghAA

ds vuqlkj] nq%[kkuqHko LokHkkfod gh FkkA nksuksa egkRek _f"kds'k vkSj lar
vkRek flag th okil mÙkjdk'kh ykSV x,A pw¡fd vki dsoy ;k=k ds fy, rks
x, ugha Fks] vfirq x, Fks
vkRke jlq ftg tkfuvk gfj jax lgts ek.kqAA
ukud /kfu /kfu /kafu tu vk, rs ijok.kqAA ¼iUuk 252½
ds vuqlkj vkRekuqHko ds o.kZukrhr vkuan dh vuqHkwfr ds fy, x, Fks]
lkfRodh riL;k ds okLrsA vr% os ykSV ugha ldrs FksA dqN fnu /keZ'kkyk esa
jgdj mUgksaus ckgj ,dkar esa ?kkl&Qwl vkSj o`{kksa ds iÙks bdV~Bs djds
i.kZdqVh cuk yhA vUu{ks= ls Hkkstu ys vkrs vkSj vkB igj esa ,d gh ckj
Hkkstu ikrs FksA ou ds csy vkfn Qy ykdj j[k ysrs vkSj vko';drk ds
le; mUgsa [kk ysrsA lRlax ds fy, izkphu o`) egkRekvksa dh dqfV;k esa pys
tkrsA o`) egkiq#"kksa ls muds vuqHko esa vkbZ gqbZ ckrksa dh tkudkjh izkIr
dj ykHkkfUor gksrs FksA
fnup;kZ
vki jkf= 8 cts lks tkrs vkSj 2 cts jkr gkFk&eq¡g vkfn /kks dj] iyFkh
yxkdj cSB tkrs vkSj /;kueXu gksdj izHkq fparu djrsA xq#ea= dk tki
djrsA izkr% 'kkSp&Lukukfn dj tiq th lkfgc vkSj lq[keuh lkfgc dk iw.kZ
ikB djrs FksA nksckjk xaxk th esa Luku dj daBLFk xhrk ,oa xq#ok.kh dk ikB
djrs vkrs FksA ikSus X;kjg cts vUu{ks= esa tkdj pkj Qqyds ¼jksVh½ ys vkrs
vkSj viuh dqfV;k esa vkdj Hkkstu dj ysrsA fdafpRdky foJke ds vuarj
Lok/;k; fu;er% djrs FksA blds fy, muds ikl rhu iqLrdsa FkhaA 'kadjkuanh
xhrk] Hkr`Zgfj dk oSjkX; 'krd vkSj iafMr xqykc flag th egkjkt dk izcks/k
panzksn; ukfVdk] budks ns[krs&fopkjrs jgrsA nks&rhu ?kM+h fnu jgrs ckgj
144 vkRe lfjrk

?kweus pys tkrs] csy vkfn ou ds Qy vuk;kl gh fey tkrs rks mlss ys
vkrsA nkrkSu vkfn ys vkrs FksA ekxZ esa fdlh ls O;FkZ dh ckrphr ugha djrs
FksA ,dkn'kh] iw.kZeklh vkSj laØkafr vkfn ifo= frfFk;ksa dks miokl ozr
j[krs FksA rhu ekl ds le; esa vkidk dbZ ,d egkRekvksa ls vPNk ifjp;
gks x;kA 'khrdky ds fy, vki xeZ dacy vkfn lkFk ys vk, Fks ftlls dksbZ
vlá d"V ugha gksrk FkkA
,d fnu vpkud vkidks vius xq#nso ckck cqM~<+k flag th ds xq#HkkbZ
lar eaxy flag th dk Lej.k gks vk;k tks viuk _f"kds'k okyk edku ckck
cqM~<k flag th dks viZ.k djds b/kj mÙkjdk'kh esa vk x, FksA dqN dky dh
[kkst ryk'k ds ckn irk pyk fd vUu{ks= ls Ms<+ ehy ds Qklys ij os ,d
ioZrh; xqQk esa jgrs gSaA dksbZ HkDr mUgsa ogha Hkkstu ig¡qpk vkrk gSA os ckgj
dHkh&dHkh gh fudyrs gSaA lk;a esa dsoy vk/kk ?kaVk xqQk ds vkl&ikl
?kwe&fQj ysrs gSaA os lnk&loZnk fl) vklu esa cSBdj bZ'oj&fparu eas
rYyhu jgrs gSaA os ,d izfl) fLFkrizK egkiq#"k gSa] ,dkar lsoh gSaA fdlh ls
O;kogkfjd ckr ugha djrs] izR;qr~&
Tkks tks Iks[kSs lq czge fxvkuqAA ¼iUuk 1152½
ds vuqlkj foosd] oSjkX; vkSj Hkxor~ isze dh gh ckr djrs gSaA cl blds
flok vkSj dqN ughaA ,d fnu lar vkRek flag th vki ls feyus x,A dqN
Qwy&iÙkh vkSj dqN feJh cknke ys fy,A J)k vkSj izse ewfrZ rks vki Fks gh]
J)k iwoZd lc dqN viZ.k fd;k rks mUgksaus gkFk ds b'kkjs ls vk'khokZn fn;kA
dqN le; ds vuarj xqQk ls ckgj vk, vkSj vki dks viuk ifjp; nsus dk
vkns'k fn;kA lar th us viuk ifjp; fn;k rks mUgksaus izlUurk ls bl le;
tkus dk vkns'k fn;k vkSj dgk fd fQj dHkh vkukA lar vkRek flag th ;Fkk
vkKk dgdj okil ykSV vk,A rhljs&pkSFks fnu fQj mlh izdkj J)kiw.kZ
vkRe lfjrk 145

jhfr ls lk"Vkax iz.kke fd;kA rks egkjkt us egar cqM~<+k flag th dk

dq'ky&eaxy iwNk vkSj dgk fd tkvks ewyea= dk tki vkSj xq# ukud dk
/;ku fd;k djksA lar th us bl veksy eksrh dks Hkh viuh fuR; fu;e dh
ekyk esa fijks fy;kA igys ls vf/kd lko/kkuh ls vH;kl djus esa rRij gks
x,A fnuksafnu eu dh fLFkjrk c<+us yxh vkSj dHkh&dHkh rks {ks= esa tkdj
Hkkstu ys vkus dk /;ku Hkh u jgrk FkkA eghuk&nks&eghuk ds vuarj
egkjkt ds ikl tkrs vkSj vius eu dh n'kk crkrs jgrsA var esa ,d o"kZ
mÙkjdk'kh esa vH;kl djus ds ckn fQj ,d fnu mDr egkjkt ds ikl x,
vkSj vius eu dh n'kk esa mÙkjksrj lq/kkj dh ckr crkbZA vkxs dgk fd
egkjkt! esjh vfHkyk"kk xq# ukud nso ds n'kZu dh gS] D;k ;g laHko gS\
vHkh rqe esa lansg dh ek=k ekStwn gS] vr% ;g dfBu ckr gS] egkRek us mÙkj
esa dgkA tc rd J)k vkSj izse ls ân; yckyc Hkj u tk, rc rd lk{kkr~
n'kZu nqyZHk gSaA rHkh egkRek us dgk gS&
jke&jke lc dksbZ dgS Bx Bkdqj v# pksjA
fcuk izse jh>S ugha rqylh uUn fd'kksjAA
xq#ok.kh Hkh dgrh gS&
dfg ukek fdm ikbZ,s fcuq Hkxrgq HkxoarqAA ¼iUuk 1377½
;Fkk&
lkpq dgkS lqu ysgq lHkS ftu izseq dhvks fru gh izHkq ikbvksAA
n`<+ fo'okl vkSj izseiw.kZ ân; ls fudyh gqbZ iqdkjsa lquh tkrh gSa] bl esa
dksbZ lansg ughaA gk¡ ! ;g laHko gS fd LoIu&n'kZu gks tk,A tkvks izse ls
vH;kl djrs jgks] ykHk vo'; gksxkA bruk dgdj egkjkt us tkus dk
vkns'k fn;k rks vkRek flag th okil viuh i.kZdqVh esa vk x,A euks;ksx
iwoZd fujarj vH;kl djrs jgsA N% ekl ds ckn iqu% egkRek th ds n'kZu dks
146 vkRe lfjrk

x, rks mUgksaus iwNk&crkvks vkRek flag dqN ykHk gqvk gS\ rc lar th us
crk;k fd ,d lIrkg igys dh ckr gS] Jh xq# ukud nso ds LoIu esa n'kZu
gq,A ,d fnu eSa /;ku djrk gqvk lks x;k rks eq>s ,d e/kqj Loj lqukbZ fn;k
fd&mBks] tkxks] le; 5 feuV vf/kd gks x;k gSA rks ns[kk lkeus xq# ukud
nso gkFk mBk dj vk'khokZn ns jgs gSa ijarq tc vk¡[ksa [kqyha rks dqN Hkh ugha Fkk
ogk¡A rks egkRek us dgk&Bhd gS csVk! dgkor gS fd&
tSlk rsjk vUu ikf.k] oSlk esjk de tkf.kA
;g rks et+nwj ;k ukSdj dh dgh gqbZ ckr gSA lk/kd Hkh rks Hkxoku dk
et+nwj gh gSA lk/kd dh J)k] HkfDr] isze vkSj Hkjkslk tSlk gksrk gS] mlh ds
vuqdwy gh izHkq Qy iznku djrs gSaA lp iwNks rks Hkxoku Hkh HkDr ds etnwj
gh cu tkrs gSa tSls /kUuk vkSj ukenso vkfn dsA Hkxoku Hkh oSlk gh Qy nsrs
gSa] tSlh lk/kd dh mRdV izse HkfDr gksA tkvks fujk'k er gks] HkfDr dHkh
O;FkZ ugha tkrhA tkvks] ;Ru tkjh j[kksA xq# egkjkt us dgk gS&
djm tru ts gksb fegjokukAA
rk dm nsbZ thm dqjckukAA ¼iUuk 562½
;g vkns'k ikdj lar vkRek flag th i.kZdqVh esa ykSV vk, vkSj iwoZor~
vH;kl lk/kuk esa tqV x,A vc n'kZu dh ykylk vkSj Hkh rhoz gksrh xbZA
dHkh&dHkh rks oSjkX; esa jksus yxrs vkSj izHkq fiz;re ds n'kZu ds fy, v/khj
gks mBrsA ân; esa ,d rM+i&lh mBrh vkSj os cspSu gks mBrs] dbZ ckj
fuR;&fu;e djuk Hkh Hkwy tkrsA dHkh&dHkh rks ,slh n'kk gks tkrh fd pkjksa
vksj xq# ukud gh fn[kkbZ nsrsA okLro esa tks xq# ukud ân; esa Fks ckgj Hkh
ogh izrhr gksrs FksA oLrqr% ckgj dqN Hkh ugha gksrk FkkA vxj lpeqp ,slk
gksrk rks vk¡[k [kqyus ij Hkh loZ= n'kZu gksrsA ij ;gka¡ rd voLFkk ig¡qph
ugha FkhA okLro esa&
vkRe lfjrk 147

eUeuk Hko en~ HkDrks en~;kth eka ueLdq#A

ekesoS";fl lR;a rs izfrtkus fiz;ksfl esAA ¼xhrk½
bl opu ds vuqlkj] /;kukoLFkk esa eu esa Hkxoku ds vfrfjDr vkSj
dqN gksrk gh ughaA og eueuk vFkkZr~ Hkxoku esa eu gksrk gSA Hkko ;g gS fd
eu esa Hkxoku vkSj Hkxoku esa eu gks rks loZ= Hkxoku gh izrhr gksrs gSA
tSls Qwy dh ykfyek dk¡p ds fxykl esa gh fn[kkbZ nsrh gS] cl blh izdkj
vius eu dh ykyh gh ckgj fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA eu ds Hkhrj ds Hkxoku gh
ckgj nh[k iM+rs gSa] loZ=A ;k ;ksa dfg, fd eu vkSj Hkxoku ,d:i gks tkrs
gSaA blh voLFkk dks eLrkus egkRek jke ckn'kkg us dgk gS&
clk jke eq>esa rks eSa jke esa gwaAA
u bd gS u nks gSa lnk rw gh rw gSAA
tc lk/kd vius eu dks Hkxoku ds pj.kksa esa viZ.k dj nsrk gS] bruk
gh ugha lc dqN viZ.k djds Hkxoku dks gh vius thou dk loZLo eku
ysrk gS rks mÙkjksÙkj feyus dh rM+i Hkh c<+rh gh tkrh gSA var esa ,slh n'kk
gks tkrh gS tSlk xq# ukud us dgk gS&
ukeq Hkxfr ns fut ?kfj cSBs vtgq frukM+h vklkAA
ukud feygq diV nj [kksygq ,d ?kM+h [kVq eklkAA ¼iUuk 1109½
tc euksn'kk blls Hkh rhozrj gks tkrh gS rc rks&
pkfj igj pgq tqxg lekusAA
jSf.k HkbZ rc varq u tkusAA ¼iUuk 375½
ds vuqlkj rM+irs izseh ds pkj igj pkj ;qxksa ds leku O;rhr gksrs gSaA
Hkxoku ds izfr HkDrksa dh ,slh vuU; izhfr gksrh gS fd os dqN pkgrs Hkh
gSa rks vius Hkxoku ls gh] vU; fdlh ls dqN ugha pkgrsA tSls pkrd ¼i{kh½
ckny ls gh Lokfr cw¡n dh ;kpuk djrk gS vkSj fdlh ls ughaA
HkDrksa ds ân; esa nq%[k Dys'kkfn dh fuo`fÙk dh vkdka{kk gksus ij Hkh mu
148 vkRe lfjrk

dh fpÙko`fÙk;ksa dk vkJ; dsoy Hkxoku gh gksrk gSA Hkxoku gh eas mudk

vfr izse gksrk gSA blh ls os HkDr dgs tkrs gaSA HkDr og gS ftl dh Hkxoku
esa vuqjfDr gksA Hkkxor~ esa dgk gS&
vtkr i{kk bo ekrja [kxk% LrU;a ;Fkk oRlrjk% {kq/kkrkZ%A
fiz;a fiz;so O;qf'kra izlUuk euksujfoUnk{k fnn{krs Roke~AA
pkrd ¼i{kh½ I;kl dk ekjk izk.k Hkys gh NksM+ ns] ij og vius I;kjs
';ke?ku ¼ckny½ ds fcuk fdlh ls ,d cw¡n ikuh dh ;kpuk ugha djrkA
es?k&n'kZu ds fy, gh vkdk'k esa ih&ih iqdkjrk jgrk gSA
iafN;ksa ds ,sls cPps] ftuds vHkh ia[k ugha iSnk gq,] os vlgk; cPps]
tSls viuh ek¡ ds n'kZu ds fy, rM+irs gSa( Hkw[k ls rM+irs cNM+s] tSls viuh
ek¡ ds nw/k dks rM+irs gaS( tSls fojfg.kh fiz;&n'kZu ds fy, mldh ckV tksgrh
jgrh gS( oSls gh gs izHkq! esjk eu vkids n'kZu ds fy, O;kdqy gSA tSls ukud
xq# jkenkl th us viuh euksn'kk dks bl izdkj n'kkZ;k gS&
gfj njlu dm esjk euq cgq rirS ftm frz[kkoarq fcuq uhjAA
esjS efu iszeq yxks gfj rhjAA
gejh csnu gfj izHkq tkuS esjs eu varj dh ihjAA jgkmAA
esjs gfj izhre dh dksbZ ckr lqukoS lks HkkbZ lks esjk chjAA
¼iUuk 861-62½
lks bl izdkj dh rM+i tc HkDr ds ân; esa mBrh gS rks og iszee; izHkq ds
ân; esa oSlh rM+i iSnk fd, fcuk ugha jgrhA izse dk vR;qÙke vkuan Hkh rHkh
vkrk gS vkSj ;g /kzqo lR; gS fd nksuksa vksj rM+i gq, fcuk feyki Hkh laHko
ugha gksrkA lks lar vkRek flag th ds ân; dh rM+i us Hkxoku ds ân; esa Hkh
gjkjr iSnk dj nhA ifj.kke Lo:i LoIu esa izse&ok.kh lqukbZ nh fd D;ksa
rM+irs gks] n'kZu rks rq>s fuR; gh gks tkrs gSaA fofHkUu :iksa esa rq>s dbZ ckj
vkRe lfjrk 149

n'kZu gq, gSaA ij rqe ns[kk gqvk Hkh vuns[kk dj nsrs gksA vlko/kku gksdj
pyrs gksA lko/kku gksdj pyk djksA brus esa vk¡[ksa [kqyha rks fQj vJq/kkjk ls
vius larIr ân; dks 'kkar fd;kA
gSa! ;g D;k\ ;g dgrs gq, lar th ds ik¡o yM+[kM+kus yxs vkSj #d x,A
ân; /kd&/kd djus yxkA ,d gh {k.k esa [k+;ky vk;k fd&
;ks eka i';fr loZ= loZa p ef; i';frA ¼xhrk½
;Fkk&
tks nhlS lks rsjk :iqAA ¼iUuk 724½
;Fkk&
bZHkS chByq ÅHkS chByq chBy fcuq lalk# ughAA ¼iUuk 485½
;g fopkj vkrs gh lkspk&bl egk Hk;adj ukx esa Hkh rks vHk;adj ,oa
Hk;Hkatu n;ke; izHkq dk gh rks fuokl gS] fQj Mjrk fdlls gS! ;g dgrs
gq, vkRek flag th us Hk;Hkhr eu dks <k<+l fn;k tks Hkxoku dh bPNk gksxh
og rks gksdj gh jgsxk] fQj Hk;&dafir D;ksa gks vutku eu! ;g dgrs gq,
egkRek] fuHkZ; gksdj lkgl ds lkFk vkxs c<+sA nl QhV vkxs pydj ns[kk
rks ogk¡ dqN Hkh ugha FkkA
bl dYiukrhr vdfYir ,oa vn~Hkqr n`'; dks ns[kdj lar vkRek flag
th pfdr gksdj lkspus yxs&;g D;k\ esjs yhyke; izHkq! rsjh yhyk U;kjh gSA
dkSu tku ldrk gS rsjs dkSrqdksa dks\ ;g dgrs gq, lar vkRek flag th dks
rhu fnu igys lquh LoIu dh ok.kh dk Lej.k gks vk;k vkSj os ije
dk#f.kd n;ke; Hkxoku dk xn~&xn~ daB ls /kU;okn djus yxs vkSj dgus
yxs& fouksn fiz; izHkq! rsjh efgek vijaikj gSA dkSu tku ldrk gS] rsjh
vxE; yhyk dksA
vr% mudks fo'okl gqvk fd rhu fnu igys tks LoIuok.kh gqbZ Fkh mlh
dk peRdkj gS ;gA
150 vkRe lfjrk

lar th egkjkt ,dk/k ?kaVk ckgj ?wkeus tk;k djrs FksA os vkt Hkh ?kweus
fudys rks vk/kk ehy pyus ij mUgsa 10 QhV yacs vkSj 5 QhV Å¡ps iRFkj ds
VqdM+s ds ihNs Q.k QSyk dj Qq¡dkjrk gqvk dky tSlk fodjky dkyk ukx
nh[k iM+k ftldk Q.kkVksi ,d QhV pkSM+k yx jgk Fkk vkSj ik¡p QqV Å¡ps
f'kyk&[kaM ls Ms<+ QqV Å¡pk fn[k jgk FkkA blh dkys ukx dks ns[kdj lar th
dh iwoZ fyf[kr n'kk gqbZ FkhA
;g dfYir ugha gSA lk¡iksa dh vuar tkfr;ka gSa] ftuesa iwoksZDr lk¡i dh
tkfr lc ls egÙoiw.kZ gSA vaxzst+h eas bls fdax dkscjk ¼lk¡iksa dk jktk½ dgrs
gSa tks lkFkZd gSA ;g 15-18 ;gk¡ rd fd 20 QqV rd Hkh yack gksrk gS vkSj
nkSM+rk Hkh cgqr rst+ gSA tc ;g fdlh vk'kadk ls o eLrh ls flj mBkdj
[kM+k gksrk gS rks tehu ls lk<+s N% QqV Å¡pk mB tkrk gS ftls ns[kdj Hkh#
vkneh Hkh ewfNZr gksdj Hkwfe ij fxj tkrs gSaA
eSa ,d ckj egar vkRek flag th ls lquh vuqHkwr ?kVuk dk ftØ dj jgk
Fkk] rks ckaXykns'k ds ;q) esa 'kkfey gq, flikgh j.kthr flag us bl ?kVuk dk
leFkZu djrs gq, dgk fd ;g fcYkdqy lR; gSA ckaXykns'k esa gekjh Nkouh esa
bl tkfr dk ,d tksM+k jgrk Fkk tks fd fdlh dk ihNk ugha djrk Fkk vkSj u
gh dksbZ O;fDr mls ekjus dh bPNk djrk Fkk D;kasfd lc yksx mls nsork
ekurs FksA
iwoksZDr ?kVuk ds ckn lar vkRek flag th dh euksn'kk cgqr vf/kd
cny xbZA vc os u rks fdlh ij Øks/k djrs vkSj u gh mUgsa fdlh ij ?k`.kk
gksrh FkhA mUgsa lHkh yksx fiz; yxrs FksA os loZFkk len'khZ cu x, FksA Hkxoku
esa mudk izse vkSj fo'okl igys ls dgha vf/kd c<+ x;k FkkA igys dh
vis{kk Hktu&fparu] ti&ri vkSj lr~&lk/kuk esa mudh :fp rhoz gks xbZ
FkhA
vkRe lfjrk 151

,d fnu iqu% lar vkRek flag th iwoksZDr xqQk fuoklh egkRek ds n'kZu
djus x, vkSj tkdj iwoksZDr liZ&n'kZu dh ?kVuk dk ftØ fd;k rks egkRek
us cgqr izlUurk O;Dr dh vkSj vk'khokZn fn;k fd rqEgkjh dhfrZ irkdk lnk
Å¡ph Qgjkrh jgsA tkvks rqEgkjh ;k=k lQy gksxhA
vk'khokZn ysdj pyrs le; lar th us ,d vkSj bPNk O;Dr dhA og ;g
fd egkizfl) fl) ;ksxh] f=xq.kkrhr] czákfo}fj"B egkiq#"k Lokeh dkUg
flag th egkjkt dk uke cgqr fnuksa ls lqurk vk jgk gw¡ vr% muds n'kZuksa
dh mRdV vfHkyk"kk gSA vki blds fy, vuqefr iznku djsaxs vkSj muds
laca/k esa dqN fo'ks"k crkus dh d`ik djsaxsA rks vkius dgk&gk¡] og egkRek iw.kZ
;ksxh gSa] muds n'kZu vo'; djus pkfg,aA os vk/kk ehy xgjs [kM~M esa cuh
xqQk esa jgrs gSaA eSaus vkt ls ckjg o"kZ igys muds n'kZu fd, FksA os bl
yksd vkSj ijyksd ds Hkksxksa ls iw.kZ fojDr gSaA os mu iw.kZfor`".k egkRekvksa dh
Js.kh ds gSa tks Mads dh pksV esa ;g dgrs gSa fd&
;g lkSnkxjh ugha] bcknr [kqnk dh gSAA
nqfu;k tks NksM+ nh gS rks mdck Hkh NksM+ nsAA
mUgsa u dqN ikus dh bPNk gS] u dqN djus dh t:jr] os d`rd`R; gSa
vkSj fLFkrizK gSaA
rks lar th us iwNk&egkjkt! mUgsa feyus dk ek/;e dkSu O;fDr cu
ldrk gS\ rks lar eaxy flag th egkjkt us dgk&,d lar Hkxoku flag gSa]
tks rqe ls Hkh de vk;q dk gS og mu ls vkSj muds LoHkko ls Hkh iw.kZr;k
ifjfpr gSA og dHkh&dHkh muds n'kZu ds fy, tkrk gSA egk;ksxh Hkh ml ls
Lusg j[krs gSaA og mudk ije J)kyq gS] og rqEgsa n'kZu vo'; djk nsxkA
vc tkvks] gekjh 'kfDr ls vf/kd dke gels u yksA
vkKk ikrs gh lar vkRek flag th pj.k&Li'kZ dj xqQk ls ckgj fudy
152 vkRe lfjrk

vk,A nwljs fnu lar Hkxoku flag th dh >ksaiM+h esa tkdj mu ls feys vkSj
viuh vfHkyk"kk O;Dr dh rks lar Hkxoku flag th us dgk&eq>s nks fnu Toj
vk x;k Fkk] detksjh vkSj tqdke vc Hkh gSA vr% eSa LoLFk gks tkÅa] ,d
g¶rs rd pysaxsA lar vkRek flag th rFkkLrq dgdj viuh >ksaiM+h esa vk
x,A pkSFks fnu dkyh deyh okys vUu{ks= esa muls fQj eqykdkr gqbZ rks
mUgkssaus dgk&vc eSa Bhd gw¡] vkxkeh cq/k ds fnu pysaxsA
cq/k ds fnu lar vkRek flag th us viuk fuR;&fu;e iwjk fd;k vkSj
fojDr Hkxoku flag th dh i.kZdqVh ij vk x,A iwoZ fu'p; ds vuqlkj
Hkkstu ikdj egk;ksxh ckck dkUg flag th egkjkt ds n'kZu djus ds fy,
py iM+sA mDr egkiq#"k dh efgek ds laca/k esa foLrkj ls ckrsa djrs x,A
Hkxoku flag th us dgk&os ije n;kyq gSa] fdlh ls Hkh Øks/k okyh ckr ugha
djrsA la;eh gksus ds dkj.k vf/kd ckr&phr dks Hkh ilan ugha djrsA vfr
ckrwuh vkneh dh ckrksa dk mÙkj ugha nsrs] ekSu /kkj.k dj ysrs gSaA blfy,
vf/kd cksyuk ughaA muds laf{kIr mÙkj ls cgqr dqN le>us dk ;Ru djukA
mudh vkKk f'kjks/kk;Z dj] eku ysus esa dY;k.k gSA bl izdkj nksuksa lar
J)kiw.kZ ckrsa djrs gq, tk jgs gSa] egkiq#"k dh xqQk dh vksjA q
vkRe lfjrk 153

rjax 41

izHkq dh vfpaR; yhyk]

izd`fr dh vn~Hkqr lIykbZ O;oLFkk
vuar 'kfDr;ksa ds Lokeh Hkxoku dh jgL;e;h yhyk,a ekuo dh fparu&
'kfDr ls vfr nwj gSaA js.kq ds d.k&d.k esa mlus fdruh 'kfDr fNik j[kh gS]
bldk dqN vuqeku ekuo&cqf) ugha yxk ldrhA xq# rsx cgknqj lkfgc th
dk ehBk opu gS&
jkx fcgkxM+k egyk 9AA
gfj dh xfr ufg dksÅ tkuSAA
tksxh trh rih ifp gkjs v# cgq yksx flvkusAA 1AA jgkmAA
fNu efg jkm jad dm djbZ jkm jad dfj MkjsAA
jhrs Hkjs Hkjs l[kukoS ;g rk dks fcogkjsAA 1AA
viuh ekbvk vkfi ilkjh vkifg ns[kugkjkAA
ukuk :iq /kjs cgq jaxh lc rs jgS fuvkjkAA 2AA
vxur vik# vy[k fujatu ftg lc txq HkjekbvksAA
lxy Hkje rft ukud izk.kh pjfu rkfg fprq ykbvksAA 3AA
¼iUuk 537½
blh izdkj izd`fr dh lIykbZ dh O;oLFkk Hkh vfr fofp= gSA cM+s&cM+s
jkT;ksa dh Hkh lIykbZ O;oLFkk Hkax gks tkrh gS] mlds okgu o ;a= vkfn
fNUu&fHkUu gks tkrs gSa o vo#) gks tkrs gaSA ij izd`fr dh O;oLFkk dHkh
Hkax ugha gksrhA izd`fr ds dkuwu ;k fu;e lnk&loZnk lqpk: :i ls fujarj
154 vkRe lfjrk

pyrs jgrs gSa] dHkh Hkax ugha gksrs vkSj muesa dHkh jn~nkscny ¼rcnhyh@
ifjorZu½ ugha gksrhA mldks ;a=ksa }kjk lIykbZ ugha djuh iM+rhA HkksX;
oLrqvksa dks dksbZ fdlh ds ikl Lo;a ;k ;a=ksa }kjk ugha ig¡qpkrk] izR;qr izd`fr
dh O;oLFkk ds vuqlkj HkksX; oLrq,a HkksDrk ds ikl Lo;a igq¡prh gSaA bldk
vn~Hkqr mnkgj.k fuEukafdr ?kVuk esa nsf[k,µ
vn~Hkqr ?kVuk
izkd`frd lkSan;Z dk ih;w"k&iku djrs gq, likZdkj ixMaMh ij pys tk jgs
gSa iwwoksZDr nksuksa egkRekA og ixMaMh vc Åij dh vksj u tkdj uhps dh
vksj cy [kk xbZ gSA mldh nk;ha&ck;ha vksj ou&o`{kksa ds >qaM ds >qaM fn[kkbZ
ns jgs gSaA izd`fr dh jE;&jpuk ns[kdj papy fpÙk Hkh vkuan ljksoj esa
ljkcksj gksdj fLFkj gks tkrk gSA muds ljkguh; lkSan;Z dks ns[kdj] jax&
fcjaxs Qwyksa ls ynh gqbZ] ou&r#vksa ls fyiVrh gqbZ iq"i&yrk,a r#vksa ds
f'k[kj dh vksj tk jgh gaS 'kk;n muds lqanj lqdqekj vaxkas ij Qwy viZ.k
djus ds fy, ;k ;g le> yhft, fd ou&o`{kksa vkSj yrkvksa ds izsekfyaxu
ij eqX/k gksdj nsox.k muds flj ij Qwy cjlk jgs gSaA vLrq dqN Hkh gks
mudh 'kksHkk dks ns[kdj vkuan&eXu gq,] nksuksa lar pys tk jgs gSa uhps dh
vksjA
lar Hkxoku flag th ds iSj vpkud #dsA mudh n`f"V ,d Å¡ps o`{k ij
cSBs euksgj eqxsZ ij iM+hA u tkus eqxsZ ds eu esa D;k lw>h] og Å¡ps o`{k ls
mM+ dj NksVs o`{k dh Mky ij vk cSBkA mlds ia[kksa dh QM+QM+kgV ls o`{k ds
uhps cSBk gqvk vtxj Hkh tks 10 ls 15 QqV yack vkSj njE;kus vkneh dh
tk¡?k ftruk eksVk Fkk] lko/kku gks x;kA mlus vius flj dks tjk Å¡pk
mBk;k vkSj eqxsZ dh vksj ns[kk] eqxsZ dh vk¡[ksa ml dh vk¡[kksa ls feyh] cl
QM+QM+krk gqvk eqxkZ vtxj ds ekSr tSls eq¡g esa vk fxjkA lar Hkxoku flag
vkRe lfjrk 155

th bl Øwj n`'; dks ns[kdj n;ko'k m/kj dks nkSM+s rks lar vkRek flag th us
dM+drh gqbZ vkokt+ ls mUgsa jksdk&;g D;k dj jgs gks] dgk¡ tkrs gks\
f'k"Vkpkjh lar Hkxoku flag th vius ls cM+s lar vkRek flag th dh vkKk
dks vuqya?kuh; ekudj #d x, vkSj vtxj }kjk eqxsZ dks idM+us dh ckr
dgh]rks lar vkRek flag th us dgk&I;kjs HkkbZ! igyh ckr rks ;g gS fd vc
vki vtxj ds eq¡g ls ml eqxsZ dks thfor ugha fudky ldrs] QtZ+ djks fd
vxj fudky Hkh ns rks Hkh og ckgj fudy dj ej tk,xk rks fQj rqEgsa D;k
ykHk gqvk \
nwljh ckr ;g gS fd vki dh ;g O;FkZ ps"Vk bZ'ojh; fo/kku esa gLr{ksi
gSA tjk fopkj dhft, fd bl eqxsZ dks fdlh us tky yxkdj rks idM+k ugha]
oju~ og Lo;eso mM+dj vtxj ds lehi vk;k] rc vtxj us mls idM+kA
flok; bu tho&tarqvksa ds mldh vkSj [kqjkd ugha gS vkSj gj fdlh dks
vkgkj nsus dk Bsdk losZ oj izHqk us vius gkFk esa j[kk gSA blhfy, mldk
uke fo'oEHkj gS] jkt+d gS] jksth+ fngUnk gS] loZizfrikyd gSA xq# xksfoan
flag egkjkt us dgk gS&
iks[kr gS ty eS Fky eS iy eS dy ds ugh dje fcpkjSAA
;Fkk&
dqaeh ty ekfg ru frlq ckgfj ia[k [kh# fru ukghA
-----------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------
dgS /kUuk iwju rkgw dks er js thv MjkghAA ¼iUuk 488½
HkkokFkZ&HkDr /kUuk th dgrs gSa&dNqvk ty esa gksrk gS vkSj mlds
vlgk; cPps ckgj Hkwfe esa gksrs gSaA dPNih dk nw/k Hkh ugha gksrk ij
ijes'oj mu foo'k cPpksa dk ikyu djrk gh gS] ojuk ml dh Bsdsnkjh
156 vkRe lfjrk

cnuke gksdj jg tk,A mlh izdkj vtxj ds u iSj gSa] u ij gSa] u dj gSa
ij ijes'oj us ml xfr&ghu dks Hkh nsuk gSA og fdlh dh ukSdjh&pkdjh rks
djrk ugha gS] fQj mls [kkuk nsxk dkSu\ HkDr eywd nkl us dSlk lqanj dgk
gS&
vtxj djS uk pkdjh iaNh djS uk dkeA
nkl eywdk dg x;s lc ds nkrk jkeAA
jke mls nsrk gS vkSj vki ml ds eq¡g ls Nhurs gks] rks crkvks ;g dgk¡
dk lariuk gS\ ;g ml ds dke esa fo?u ugha gS rks vkSj D;k gS\ ml ds
fo/kku esa gLr{ksi ugha gS rks D;k gS \
rhljh ckr ij Hkh xkSj dj ds ns[kks&;g dqnjr dh djkekr dk dfj'ek
gh rks gSA dqnjr ds ikl Hkkj okgd xkfM+;k¡ rks gSa gh ugha] ij ml dks gj
fdlh dh [kqjkd dk bartke djuk t:jh gSA
pw¡fd dqnjr dkfnj dh xqyke gS] [kkfne gS ijofnZxkj dhA ;kuh nklh gS
og ijes'oj dh] blfy, mlus Lokeh dh bPNk iwfrZ vo'; djuh gSA vr%
mlus fu;e cuk j[ks gSa&tks dqnjr ds lgkjs thrk gS] dqnjr ds eqrkfcd
mldh [kqjkd mlds ikl [kqnc[kqn igq¡p tkrh gS vFkok fdlh ds eu esa n;k
mRiUu gks tkrh gS rks mldh izsj.kk ls og Hkw[ks dks vko';d oLrq igq¡pk nsrk
gSA /;ku nhft,! eqxkZ vtxj dh [kqjkd gS] dkuwu dqnjr ds eqrkfcd og
[kqnc[kqn mlds eq¡g esa vk fxjkA nsus okyk nsrk gS] [kkus okyk [kkrk gSA
crkb, fd eq>s ;k rq>s mls Nhu ysus dk vf/kdkj fdlus fn;k \
cl] Js;Ldj ckr ;gh gS fd ge mlds fo/kku esa gLr{ksi djus dk
vijk/k u djsaA mlds fujkys jaxksa dks] mldh dYiukrhr yhykvkssa dks
ns[kdj izlUu jgsa] eLr jgsaA
bl izdj.k dks ;gha lekIr dj os nksuksa lk/kq egk;ksxh dh xqQk dh vksj
vkRe lfjrk 157

py iM+s] djhc nks dne vkxs pydj Hk;dkrj us=ksa ls ns[kk fd lkS dne dh
nwjh ij [kq'kh ls iw¡N dks ?kqekrk gqvk Hk;adj 'ksj tk jgk gSA mls ns[kdj lar
nks feuV #dsA lar Hkxoku flag us dgk&dksbZ Mj dh ckr ughaA og gekjh
vksj ihB fd, vkxs taxy dh vksj tk jgk gS] tkus nks mls] ge vkxs pysaA
bruk dg dj os vkxs pys rks egk;ksxh ckck dkUg flag th dh xqQk ds
pkyhl ipkl QhV b/kj ml Hk;adj 'ksj ds in fpUgksa dks ns[kk rks muds
vk'p;Z dh lhek u jghA vLrq] mUgksaus ;ksxhoj ds ikou pj.kksa ij naMor
iz.kke fd;k vkSj b'kkjk ikdj ,d vksj cSB x,A dq'ky iz'ukuarj vkxarqd
larksa us dgk&egkjkt! vkids vk'khokZn ls lc dq'ky gSA blds vuarj nksuksa
us 'ksj ds in fpUgksa okyh ckr dk vk'p;Z ds lkFk ftØ fd;k vkSj dgk fd
egkjkt! brus lehi ls 'ksj x;k gS] blls vkids 'kjhj dks [krjk rks ugha\
;ksxs'oj ckck us mÙkj fn;k fd ugha fcydqy ugha] og rks esjk oujkt gSA
mlds cpiu ls gh eSa mlls ifjfpr gw¡] eSa mls rc ls ns[krk gw¡ tc og
viuh ek¡ ds lkFk [ksyk djrk FkkA vc blds ek¡ cki bls ;gk¡ NksM+dj dgha
vU;= tk cls gSaA vc bl taxy dk ckn'kkg ;gh toka 'ksj gSA bldh
flag&xqQk] ;gk¡ ls nks rhu ehy vkxs xgjs [kM~M esa gSA gekjh xqQk ds lkS&lkS
dne ds {ks= esa blus vkt rd fdlh tho dks ugha ekjkA oSls bldh
izd`fr&iznÙk [kqjkd rks taxyh tkuoj gh gSaA ;g dg nsuk Hkh fdlh gn rd
Bhd gh gS fd okLro esa izd`fr gh bu ou&thoksa dh vlyh ek¡ gS] tks bUgsa
;sudsu izdkjs.k budk vkgkj nsrh gh jgrh gSA ek¡lkgkjh dks ek¡l vkSj tks&
tks ftldh [kqjkd gS mls fey gh tkrh gS izd`fr ek¡ dh d`ik lsA
vLrq] dksbZ vko';d ckr gks rks dgks gesa bldh xgjkbZ esa tkus dh
t:jr ughaA
csVk ! le; de gS dgha oujkt ls nksckjk HksaV u gks tk,A eqLdjkrs gq,
158 vkRe lfjrk

;ksxhjkt us dgk&dksbZ ckr ugha egkjkt] vkidh bl ifo= Hkwfe esa 'kjhj
fdlh ds vFkZ yx tk,xk rks 'kqHk gh gksxk] dgrs gq, lar Hkxoku flag th
us] lar vkRek flag th dh vksj b'kkjk djrs gq, crk;k fd lar th dks
vkids ikou n'kZu dh rhoz bPNk Fkh] cl n'kZu ds fy, gh vk, gSa] vkSj dksbZ
fo'ks"k mn~ns'; ughaA
rks dfg, vkRek flag th! vki dc ls ;gk¡ vk, gSa\ egkjkt us izlUurk
ls dgkA th egkjkt! eq>s nks lky gks x, gSa] lar vkRek flag th us fouhr
Loj esa mÙkj fn;kA rks egar cqM~<k flag th ds xq# HkkbZ lar eaxy flag th ls
feys gSa\ egkjkt us iwNkA gk¡ egkjkt! le;&le; ij mudh pj.k&js.kq Hkh
eLrd dks yxkrk jgk gaw¡ vkSj os Hkh le;kuqdwy ln~ mins'k nsrs jgrs gSa vkSj
eSa muds mins'k ls ykHkkfUor Hkh gksrk jgk gw¡A lar vkRek flag th us d`rKrk
izdV djrs gq, dgk] vPNk rks dqN vkSj iwNuk pkgrs gks\ ;ksxhjkt us bZ'kkjk
djrs gq, dgkA lar vkRek flag th us vuqdwy le; le> dj ;ksx&lk/kuk
ds laca/k esa ftKklk O;Dr dhA ;ksxhjkt mudk vk'k; le> x, vkSj dgk
fd&;ksxflf) dh vfHkyk"kk rqEgsa gS] ij vHkh rS;kjh iwjh ughaA dksbZ Hkh
ewY;oku oLrq rc rd lqyHk ugha gksrh tc rd mldh ;ksX;rk u izkIr gks
tk,A ftls fdlh oLrq dh vfHkyk"kk gks mldks pkfg, fd vius vki dks
mldk vf/kdkjh cuk ys] vf/kdkjh cu tkus ij cM+h ls cM+h oLrq vklkuh
ls fey tkrh gSA rqEgsa vfHkyk"kk ;ksxflf) dh gS] ij ;ksx ds fy, igyh 'krZ
gS oSjkX;] iw.kZ oSjkX;A oSjkX; dh flf) gksus ij gh ;ksx dk vf/kdkj izkIr
gksrk gSA oSjkX;oku O;fDr gh ;ksx dk vf/kdkjh ekuk x;k gSA fo".kq iqjk.k
dh Li"V ?kks"k.kk gS fd ^^vf/kdkjh Hkosn~ ;L; oSjkX;a tk;rs n`M+e~]** ;ksx rks
jgk njfdukj oSjkX; ds fcuk /;ku Hkh laHko ughaA /;ku dk y{k.k gS&^^r=
izR;Sdrkurk] /;kue~A** bldk Hkko ;g gqvk&fotkrh;izR;kufU=r ltkrh;
vkRe lfjrk 159

izR;izokgks /;kue~A HkkokFkZ&ftl mikL; nsork dk tSlk Lo:i 'kkL=ksa esa

crk;k gqvk gS oSls gh Lo:i esa fotkrh; o`fÙk;ksa] vFkok tSls ge fdlh 'kCn
dk vH;kl dj jgs gSa] tSlk fd vksae o lksga okfgxq# o jke bR;kfn dk
fujarj ,d :i fpÙko`fÙk dk izokg tkjh jguk A bldk uke gS& /;kuA Hkko
;g fd lksga&lksga ds LFkku esa gk;! esjk NDdk] gk;! esjk iatk dk eu esa vk
tkuk ;gh fojks/kh o`fÙk gS] bR;kfn fojks/kh o`fÙk eu esa u mRiUu gksdj lnk
loZnk ltkrh; o`fÙk dk v[kaM ,d jl izokg tkjh jgsA bls /;ku dgrs gSaA
lks oSjkX; ds fcuk] fo"k;ksa ds fparu ls fpÙk fjDr ugha gksrk rks fQj fojks/kh
o`fÙk;ksa ds vk tkus ls ltkrh; o`fÙk;ksa dk ,d jl izokg :Ik /;kufl) gksuk
laHko ughaA
gk¡ csVk! vHkh rq> esa oSjkX; dh deh gS ;kfu vkSj dqN ugha rks rq>s eku
izfr"Bk dh bPNk vHkh 'ks"k gSA tc rd lk/kd dk ân;] vk'kk o vkdka{kkvksa
ds ?kkl&Qwal ls fcydqy [kkyh u gks tk,] rc rd vkReKku vkSj ;ksx fVd
ugha ldrsA vr% vki vHkh ;ksx dk gB NksM+ nks] ftl jkLrs py jgs gks
pyrs pyks ;kuh iwtk] ikB] Hktu] fparu] lsok] midkj vkfn lk/ku djrs
pyks] Hkxoku Hkyk djsaxsA rqEgsa eku izfr"Bk cgqr feysxhA rqEgkjk ;'k Hkh
cgqr gksxkA var esa ;ksfx;ksa dh rjg bZ'oj&fparu djrs gq, fcuk d"V
rqEgkjh e`R;q gksxhA
,d ckr vkSj gS rqEgkjk ;g tUe HkfDr;ksx vkSj tulsok ds fy, gS
blls rqEgkjk ân; fueZy vkSj iquhr gksxkA ,d tUe rq>s vkSj ysuk iM+sxkA
ml tUe esa rqe iw.kZ ;ksxh vkSj czãKkuh cuksxs vkSj fQj cl ^czãfon~
czãeoS Hkofr* ds vuqlkj czã esa vHksn gks tkvksxsA
czge Kkuh vkfi ijeslqjAA ¼iUuk 273½
Tkkvks lk/kuk ls fojr u gksuk] rqEgkjk thou lQy gksxkA bruk dgrs gq,
160 vkRe lfjrk

egk;ksxh us ok.kh dks fojke fn;k vkSj vk¡[ksa candj /;kukofLFkr gks x,A
egk;ksxh ckck dkUg flag th ls] vk'khokZn&iw.kZ vkns'k ikdj nksuksa ^lk/kd
lar* izse ls okrkZyki djrs gq,] mfpr f'k"Vkpkj ds vuarj viuh&viuh
>ksaifM+;ksa dks pys x, vkSj igys dh rjg lk/kuk esa tqV x,A ,d lIrkg ds
vuarj lar vkRek flag th] iwoksZDr o`) egkRek lar eaxy flag th dh xqQk
esa x, vkSj tkdj egk;ksxh ds n'kZu vkSj muls izkIr vk'khokZn&iw.kZ vkns'k
dh ckr crkbZ] rks os cgqr izlUu gq,A mUgksaus dgk fd os lR; gh dgrs gSa]
mudk dgk dHkh vU;Fkk ugha gksrkA vc rqEgkjs thou dh lQyrk esa dqN
Hkh lansg ughaA exj ns[kuk lk/kuk dks NksM+ dj u cSB tkuk] ojuk lalkj esa
vklDr gks tkvksxsA ;kn j[kks] lalkj ugha cfYd lalkj esa vklfDr gh nq%[k
:i gSA vk'kk] r`".kk] deZ esa dr`ZRokfHkeku vkfn gh rks lalkj esa Mkyus okys
gSa] ca/ku esa Mkyus okys gSaA xq# ukud th dk opu gS&
vklk eulk ca/kuh HkkbZ dje /kje ca/kdkjhAA
ikfi iqafu txq tkbvk HkkbZ fculS ukeq folkjhAA ¼iUuk 635½
ds vuqlkj bPNk,a vkSj vklfDr gh ca/ku esa Mkyus okyh gaS] vr% vuklfDr
;ksx vkSj HkfDr dks eu ls nwj u gksus nsukA eu buls nwj gqvk rks eqfDr
vfr nwj gks tk,xhA
vPNk vc tk ldrs gksA fgrdkjh egkiq#"k dh vkKk feyus ij] muds
pj.k Nwdj lar vkRek flag th okil viuh >ksaiM+h esa vk x,A igys dh
rjg eu dks ti] ri] /;ku vkfn eas yxk;kA bu iwoksZDr ?kVukvksa ds ckn
lar vkRek flag th dh euksn'kk cgqr cny xbZA igys dh vis{kk eu cgqr
fLFkj gks x;kA mldh papyrk u tkus dgk¡ foyhu gks xbZA eu ds vareqZ[k
gksus ls vU; us=kfn bafnz; x.k Hkh&
nl fejxh lgts caf/k vkuhAA
vkRe lfjrk 161

ikap fejx cs/ks flo dh ckuhAA ¼iUuk 1136½

bl xq# opu ds vuqlkj nlksa bafnz;ka o'korhZ ¼dkcw½ gks xbaZA eukscy dh
Hkh cgqr o`f) gks xbZA
,d fnu dh ckr gS&vki viuh >ksaiM+h ls ckgj f'kyk ij cSBs FksA izHkq
dh yhykvksa dks ns[krs gq, izlUu eqnzk esa gfj Lej.k dj jgs FksA ,d ejht+
vk;k ftls dbZ fnu ls Toj vk jgk FkkA mlus vkdj vknj ds lkFk naMor~
iz.kke fd;k vkSj nq%[k fuo`fÙk ds okLrs vkils vk'khokZn ek¡xkA vkius
lk/kqvksa ds LoHkko ds vuqlkj LokHkkfod dg fn;k tkvks csVk] Hkxoku vPNk
gh djsaxsA og O;fDr mlh fnu Toj&eqDr gks x;kA rhljs fnu og xk; dk
nw/k xeZ djds ys vk;k vkSj vki ls ihus dh izkFkZuk dhA bPNk u jgrs gq, Hkh
vkidks mldh bPNk ls ihuk iM+kA mlus vkxs fdlh vkSj ls ckr dg nhA
rhljs fnu ,d o`) ekbZ viuh o/kw dks ysdj vk xbZA dgus yxh egkjkt !
bl ds gkFk ij nkn gS] tkrk ugha] vki dksbZ d`ik djsaA vkius b/kj&m/kj
ns[kk rks ,d dqDM+fNn~nh tM+h ds ikS/ks dh dqN ifÙk;ka rksM+dj ns nha vkSj dgk
fd budks ey dj bldk jl nkn ij yxk nsuk] Bhd gks tk,xkA og Hkh
izHkq&d`ik ls Bhd gks xbZA
vc vkius lkspk fd bl izdkj rks gekjh lk/kuk esa ck/kk iM+sxh] vr%
ekSu /kkj.k dj fy;k fdarq yksx ckt+ dc vkrs gSaA dbZ ,d 'kjhQ HkDr rks
;g le> ysrs fd pyks egkRek ds n'kZu gks x,] ykHk gks tk,xk ij lc ,d
tSls ugha gksrsA q
162 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 42

losjs dk lqgkouk le; FkkA izse jax esa nhokus egkRek /kwi esa cSBs FksA
isM+& ikS/kksa dh ifÙk;ksa ij iM+h lw;Z dh lqugjh fdj.kksa dh lqanjrk fugkj jgs
FksA nqfu;k ds nq%[k&}Unkas ls nwj] fpÙk gfj&pj.k&fparu ds vkuan esa Hkjiwj
FkkA bl [kqneLrh esa n[ky nsdj dksbZ vkuan dks Hkax djs ;g mUgsa ilan ugha
FkkA
mlh le; ,d j.k/khj flag uke dk jktiwr vk;kA mlds HkkbZ ij
QkStnkjh dk dsl cu x;k Fkk] mlus dgk&egkjkt ! vki esjs HkkbZ dks cpk
nhft,] ojuk mls ltk vo'; gks tk,xhA ,d xokgh gks pqdh gS] mlds
c;ku gekjs cgqr f[kykQ gSaA vxj nwljh Hkh blh rjg dh gks xbZ rks ltk
ykt+eh gSA fu"i{k rFkk fujoSj egkRek dks D;k fdlh ds vkilh >xM+ksa lsA
lks vkius dgk&HkkbZ] MVdj iSjoh djks] vnkyr dks og lPpk tku iM+k rks
cjh gks tk,xk] ojuk ekj&ihV rks gks gh xbZ gS mllsA tkvks iSjoh djksA ij
og ugha ekukA mlus dgk&egkjkt! vki vk'khokZn ns nsaA rks vkius fQj ogh
dgk fd&HkkbZ] ;g ckr esjs o'k dh ugha] oju~ vnkyr ds vf[r;kj dh gS]
tkvks] tkdj iSjoh djksA ge bl esa dqN ugha dj ldrsA ;g dgrs gq, vki
>ksaiM+h esa pys x, vkSj f[kM+dh can dj yhA vgadkjh jktiwr Øks/kkfXu ls
tyrk gqvk pyk x;kA mlus bls viuk vieku le>kA
vnkyr us dgk fd&eq>s izR;{kn'khZ xokgksa dh lPpkbZ ij lansg ugha gSA
vr% eSa vijk/kh dks rhu ekl dkjkokl dk naM nsrk gw¡A
mTM~M jktiwr yfTtr gksdj ykSVs vkSj gkj dk dkj.k fujoSj egkRek
vkRe lfjrk 163

dks ekudj muls cnyk ysus ds fy, "kM;a= jpus yxsA

dLcs esa budh dbZ ,d yksxksa ls 'k=qrk FkhA ,d fnu vius ,d 'k=q dks
ou esa vdsyk ikdj mls ihVus yxsA bruk ekjk fd og cspkjk ne rksM+ x;kA
bu yksxksa us mls mBkdj lar vkRek flag th dh >ksaiM+h ds ihNs dh ,d >kM+h
esa fNik dj j[k fn;k vkSj iqfyl esa jiV fy[kk nh fd lk/kq vkRek flag us
Øks/ko'k gksdj ,d fucZy dks ekj Mkyk gSA lqcg dks iqfyl vk xbZ vkSj lar
dh >ksaiM+h dks ?ksj fy;k vkSj lar vkRek flag th dks Mk¡Vus yxs&ckck th cus
gks vkSj yksxksa dks ekj&ekj dj mudh ek;k dks gM+i djds ekSt mM+krs gks\
vc rqEgsa feysxk rqEgkjh djuh dk QyA
dkQh yksx tek gks x, FksA flikgh vkSj jktiwr j.k/khj flag vkfn dM+os
opu cksy jgs FksA lar th us dgk&HkkbZ] gekjh ;gka¡ fdlh ls 'k=qrk ugha gSA
gesa fdlh dh gR;k djus dh D;k vko';drk gS\ eSaus rks ml cspkjs dh
eq[kkd`fr Hkh ugha ns[kh] lwjr Hkh ugha ns[khA
j.k/khj us etkd mM+krs gq, dgk&vc laLd`r ds 'kCn cksydj vius dks
funksZ"k egkRek lkfcr djuk pkgrs gksA vc ;g laLd`r cpk ugha ldrh
rqEgsaA
yksx gSjku Fks fd fujkijk/k egkRek ds lkFk D;k Hkn~nk crkZo gks jgk gSA
Fkkusnkj us MkaVrs gq, jkSc ds lkFk iwNk&lp crkvks ckck th rqeus fdl MaMs
ls mls ekjk gS\ mls ykdj ;gk¡ lc ds lkeus j[kksA j.k/khj flag us fQj
xjt dj dgk&gk¡&gk¡] vc lksprs D;k gks\ fudkyks ml MaMs dks] rS;kj gks
tkvks viuh djuh dk Qy Hkksxus ds fy,A [kwu dks fNik ysuk vklku ugha
ckck thA
lar vkRek flag th us viuh lPpkbZ ij vVy fo'okl ds lkFk
dgk&njksxk lkgc ! eSaus fcYkdqy ugha ekjk fdlh dks] vxj vki yksx dgrs
gSa fd eSaus gh ekjk gS rks og ejk Hkh ugha gksxk D;ksafd esjk ekjk dksbZ ej ugha
164 vkRe lfjrk

ldrk] ns[kks pydj mlsA tc ml ewfPNZr O;fDr ds eq¡g ls diM+k mBkdj

ck¡g dks mBk;k rks ml ds eq¡g ls /kheh&lh] gk; ! dh vkokt+ fudyhA eq¡g esa
ikuh Mkyk rks og vanj pyk x;k vkSj ikuh fiyk;k rks og ih x;k vkSj
vk¡[ksa [kksy nhaA yksx mls mBkdj ckck th dh >ksaiM+h ij ys x,A lc ds
fgrdkjh ckck th us vius ikuh ds ik= ls ikuh fiyk;k rks gks'k esa vkdj
mlus ckck th ds pj.kksa dks Nwdj /kU;okn fd;kA egkRek dk ;g peRdkj
ns[kdj j.k/khj flag jktiwr ds eq¡g ij gokb;k¡ mM+us yxhaA BaMs ilhus vkus
yxs] og v/khj gks mBkA
bl ?kVuk ls lar vkRek flag th dh efgek vkSj c<+ xbZA mYVk dRy dk
dsl j.k/khj flag vkfn jktiwr Hkkb;ksa ij cu x;kA mUgsa ysus ds nsus iM+
x,A Bhd dgk gS fdlh dfo us&
tM ewy ls oks x;s ftuh nq[kk;s larAA
rhuksa rkys ns x;s jko.k dkSoksa dalAA
bl ?kVuk ls lar th us le> fy;k fd blls izfr"Bk c<+sxh vkSj og
gekjh lk/kuk esa ck/kd gksxhA vc LokFkhZ o ldkeh yksxksa dk rkark yxk jgsxk
>ksaiM+h ds }kj ijA og eq>s lk/kuk&iFk ij ,d bap Hkh vkxs ugha c<+us
nsxk&
dchj fl[k lk[kk cgqrs dh, dslks dhvks u ehrqAA
pkys Fks gfj feyu dm chpS vVfdvks phrqAA ¼iUuk 1369½
okyh ckr cu tk,xhA vr% ;gk¡ ls vc pys tkuk gh Js;Ldj gSA os bruk
lksp gh jgs Fks fd }kj ij ls vkokt+ vkbZ&ckck th! t; fl;kjkeA mÙkj esa
t; fl;kjke dgrs gq, vkius ns[kk rks ,d ckck cM+k&lk rwack vkSj cSjkxu
gkFk esa fy, ckgj [kM+s gSaA mUgsa lar vkRek flag th us lRdkj ls vklu ij
fcBk;kA byk;ph vkSj feJh izlkn ds :i esa HksaV dh vkSj i/kkjus dk dkj.k
iwNk vkSj 'kqHk uke crkus dh d`ik djus dks dgkA vkxarqd ckck th us
vkRe lfjrk 165

viuk uke tkudh nkl crkrs gq, dgk fd eq>s ckck cqM~<+k flag th egkjkt
us Hkstk gS vkSj vkidks _f"kds'k okil vk tkus dh vkKk dh gSA jkg [kpZ ds
fy, 200 #- fn;k gS vkSj lkFk gh vxj u tkuk pkgsa rks Hkh ;g ek;k
viuh laHkkyksA lar th egkjkt rks igys gh ls rS;kj cSBs FksA mUgksaus
tkudhnkl th dks /keZ'kkyk esa Bgjk;k vkSj mUgsa iwjh&feBkbZ dk iDdk
Hkkstu djk;kA izkr% gh >ksaiM+h ij vkus dks dgk vkSj Lo;a viuh >ksaiM+h ij
vk x,A
vxys fnu izkr% vkB cts ckck tkudh nkl th lar vkRek flag th dh
>ksaiM+h ij ig¡qp x,A ije riLoh lar vkRek flag th us tkudh nkl dks
lkFk ysdj fuR; fu;ekuqlkj 9 cts xaxk&Luku fd;k vkSj ?kkl esa cSB x,
vkSj fuR;&fu;e dk ikB djus yx x,A ij cspkjs oSjkxh ckck us Mqcdh
yxkbZ vkSj yxss Fkj&Fkj dk¡iusA tkudh nkl th dh fparktud n'kk ns[kdj
ikB&okB rks Hkwy x,] ?kkl&Qwl vkSj lw[kh ydfM+;ka bdV~Bh dha] ,d chM+h
ih jgs igkfM+;s us vkx lqyxkbZ vkSj tkudh nkl dks mBkdj vkx ds ikl
fcBk;k] m/kj lw;Z Hkxoku dh fdj.ksa Hkh rhoz gks xbaZA vfXu] lw;Z vkSj
lar&bu rhuksa dh d`ik ls cspkjs ckck th cp x, ojuk nk¡r rks [kV[kVkus
yx x, FksA Mcy fueksfu;k dk [krjk gks x;k FkkA dfBukbZ ls lk<+s X;kjg
cts {ks= ij igq¡psA ogk¡ Hkkstu djds o`) egkRek eaxy flag th ds ikl x,A
lar vkRek flag th us xq#nso ckck cqM~<k flag th dh vkKk dh ckr crkbZA
lar eaxy flag th us dgk fd&og Bhd gh fudyk u\ tks eSaus dgk Fkk fd
egk;ksxh dh dgh ckr dHkh vU;Fkk ugha gks ldrh] rqEgsa lekt&lsok dk
dke djuk gh iM+xs kA vPNk tkvks egar cqM<~ k+ flag th dks gekjk iz.kke dgukA
egkRek ds pj.kksa dh /kfwy ysdj J)kyq lar vkRek flag th us eLrd ij
yxkbZA vk'khokZn ysdj okil >ksaiM+h ij vk x,A
q
166 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 43

okilh dk dk;ZØe
pw¡fd _f"kds'k ls pys vkidks vc rhu lky iwjs gks pys Fks] dsoy
pkj&ik¡p fnu gh 'ks"k Fks vr% vkius 'kh?kz pyus dk dk;ZØe cuk;kA nwljs
fnu izkr% lar Hkxoku flag th ds ikl tkdj dgk&pyrs le; egk;ksxh ds
n'kZu dh vfHkyk"kk gSA vkt Hkkstu mijkar pyus dh d`ik djsaxs\ lar
Hkxoku flag th ;ksxhjkt ds J)kyq Fks gh] mUgsa D;k ,rjkt gks ldrk FkkA
Lohdkj djrs gq, mUgksaus dgk&fu;r le; ij vkus dh d`ik dhft,xkA
rFkkLrq dgdj lar vkRek flag th Hkkstuksijkar ckck tkudh nkl th dks
lkFk ysdj lar Hkxoku flag th ds ikl ig¡qp x,A ogk¡ ls rhuksa lar
egk;ksxh dh xqQk dh vksj py fn,A ekxZ esa ogh vtxj] mlh o`{k ds uhps
ns[kkA xqQk esa tkdj ;ksxh egkjkt ds pj.kksa esa iz.kke djds iwoksZDr vtxj
dk ftØ fd;k rks egkjkt us crk;k fd ;g rks esjs b/kj vkus ls Hkh igys ls
;gk¡ jgrk gSA 7 o"kZ igys ;g ,d QykZax ij fLFkr nsonk: ds isM+ rys jgrk
Fkk] vc veyrkl ds o`{k ds uhps jgrk gSA izd`fr ds fu;ekuqlkj dHkh&
dHkh bls dksbZ f'kdkj Hkh fey tkrk gSA ojuk gok [kk dj fujkgkj gh jg
tkrk gSA ;g cM+k cyoku Hkh gSA lqvj vkSj 'ksj Hkh bldh yisV esa vk tk,
rks thfor ugha jg ldrkA blhfy, Hkr`Zgfj us dgk gS&
likZ% ficfUr ioua up nqcZykLrs]
'kq'dSLr`.kSoZuxtk% cfyuks HkofUrA
oU;S% QySeqZfutuk% f{ki;fUr dkye~]
vkRe lfjrk 167

lUrks"k ,o iq#"kL; ija fu/kkue~A

vPNk] NksM+ks bls] crkvks dq'ky ls rks gks lc yksxA D;k vc okil tkus
dh bPNk gS\ ;ksxhjkt us euksHkko tku dj dgk& gk¡ egkjkt ! xq#nso dh
vkKk gS okil ykSV vkus dh] lar vkRek flag th us foo'krk O;Dr djrs gq,
dgkA egkjkt us dgk Bhd gS] xq#nso dh vkKk ekuus esa gh dY;k.k gSA
egk;ksxh us muds vk'k; dks tkudj dgk& vPNk tkvks ! vkRe&dY;k.k ds
fy, vkRe&la;e iwoZd bZ'oj&fparu vkSj lqd`R; ls fuo`Ùk u gksukA Hkxoku
Hkyk djsaxs] dgdj d`ikyq egkjkt us tkus dh vkKk iznku dhA
egkiq#"k dh izlUurk ysdj lc lar okil vk x,A lar vkRek flag th
us egkRekvksa ds {ks= vkSj iaMk vkfn dks mfpr nku&nf{k.kk nsdj _f"kds'k
dh vksj izLFkku dh rS;kjh dhA vkxkeh fnu izkr% dkyhu Luku&/;ku
fuR;&deZ ls fuo`Ùk gksdj tyiku fd;kA cSjkxh ckck tkudhnkl vkSj lar
vkRek flag th dfBu riL;k vkSj ti&ri vkfn ls vkRe&'kqf) djds 4
Jko.k 1979 dks rhu lky iwjs djds mÙkjdk'kh ls _f"kds'k dh vksj py
iMs+A
okil ukdksjh pV~Vh
izkr% mÙkjdk'kh ls py dj lk;a ukdksjh pV~Vh vk BgjsA ;gk¡ lq[k ls
jkr fcrk dj losjs Luku&tyiku vkfn djds vkxs pyus ds fy, vkius
dqyh dks lkFk ys fy;kA dkj.k] mÙkjdk'kh esa rhu o"kZ dh riL;k ls 'kjhj
cgqr d`'k ¼det+ksj½ gks x;k FkkA vr% Hkkj ysdj pyuk laHko ugha FkkA lar
tkudhnkl us rks cgqr vkxzg fd;k fd daMh okyk dqyh ys ysa] D;ksafd iSny
pyus ls vkidks vf/kd d"V gksxkA ij lar vkRek flag th pw¡fd fueZy
O;fDrRo ds Lokeh Fks] vr% mUgsa ;g O;ogkj ekuorkghu yxrk FkkA mUgsa
daMh ij cSBdj euq"; dh lokjh djuh ekuork dk vieku tku iM+rk FkkA
168 vkRe lfjrk

vr% iSny pyuk gh Bhd le>k] lks 9 ehy iSny pydj fleyh ig¡qp x,A
;gha ls jkLrk ;equks=h dks Hkh tkrk gSA ;gha ls izfrykse xfr ls iwoZ Øekuqlkj
ykSVrs gq, fVgjh ig¡qpus esa Ms<+ ekl dk le; yx x;kA D;ksafd vc vkidk
'kjhj cgqr fucZy gks pqdk Fkk vr% cgqr de py ikrs FksA fVgjh esa ckck
tkudhnkl dks vfrlkj ¼Mk;fj;k½ d"V gks x;k ij lar vkRek flag th ds
ikl ve`r/kkjk dh 'kh'kh Fkh] mlesa ls ek= nks [kqjkd nsus ls lc Bhd gks
x;kA ;gk¡ vki yksxksa us rhu fnu foJke fd;kA vkxs nsoiz;kx dh vksj py
iM+sA fVgjh ls dksVs oj vkSj [kjlkM+k vkfn gksrs gq, pkj fnu esa nsoiz;kx
ig¡qpsA ;gk¡ FkdkoV ds dkj.k lar vkRek flag th dks dqN Toj vk x;k ij
ikl esa j[kh gqbZ ,sLizks dh ;FkkØe nks&rhu xksyh ds lsou ls ilhuk vkdj
Toj rks fiaM NksM+ x;k ij fucZyrk 'ks"k jg xbZ FkhA blfy, vkidks ;gk¡ pkj
fnu #duk iM+kA ;gk¡ ckck tkudh nkl dh lsok us cM+h lgk;rk igq¡pkbZA
blls ;g fo'okl iDdk gks x;k fd nwj dh ;k=k vdsys ugha djuh pkfg,] u
tkus dc D;k gks tk,A
nsoiz;kx igq¡pus ls eukscy cgqr c<+k gqvk Fkk] D;ksafd ;gk¡ ls _f"kds'k
dsoy 44 ehy gh jg x;k FkkA ;gk¡ 4 fnu jg dj xwyjpV~Vh] QwypV~Vh]
ukbZeksgu vkfn gksrs gq, euksgj ekxZ ds lqanj lhu ns[krs 4 fnu esa y{e.k
>wyk igq¡p x,A ;gk¡ ig¡qp dj nksuksa egkRekvksa us vfr J)k ds lkFk xaxkty
dk vkpeu fy;k vkSj okil Åij vkdj vkius ?kksM+k&xkM+h ys yhA nksuksa
lar vkSj dqyh] rhuksa lokj gksdj fueZy vkJe ds }kj ij tk mrjsA LoHkko
ds vuqlkj vkius rkaxs okys dks fdjk;s ds vykok nks #i;s buke ns fn,A
xq#&pj.kksa esas
xq#&pj.kksa esa HkasV djus ds fy, Qy bR;kfn rks vkius cktkj ls [kjhn
gh fy, FksA tSls gh vkius M~;ks<+h esa ik¡o j[kk] lar fu'py flag dh utj
vkRe lfjrk 169

vki ij iM+h rks os nkSM+dj vkids pj.kksa ls fyiV x,A vkius mBkdj isze
ls xys yxk;kA lc yksx feydj egkjkt cqM~<k flag th ds dejs esa x,A
vkius vfr J)k ls egkjkt th ds pj.kksa ij naMor iz.kke fd;k vkSj ikl
gh gkFk tksM+ dj cSB x,A ;g ckr 11 Hkknzin laor~ 1979 dh gSA egkjkt
}kjk dq'ky vkfn iwNus ds ckn lar th us fouezrk ls dgk&egkjkt! izpaM
lw;Z dh iz[kj fdj.kksa dk tgk¡ izcy izdk'k gks ogk¡ dgha rfi'k dk ukeksafu'kka
Hkh jg ldrk gS\ dHkh ughaA blh izdkj
czge Kkuh lnk lenjlhAA czge Kkuh dh fnzlfV vafezrq cjlhAA
¼iUuk 272-73½
ds vuqlkj ftl ij vkidh n;k&n`f"V gks] mls dHkh nq[k nnZ d"V] Dys'k
vkfn Nw ugha ldrs gSa\ lar vkRek flag! rqe dsoy vPNs izca/kd gh ugha]
izR;qr~ okdiVq izoDrk iafMr Hkh gks] dgrs gq, fouksniw.kZ izlUurk O;Dr dhA
rc rd lar fu'py flag th pk; vkSj fla/kh&ikiM+ ysdj vk x,A egkjkt
us ,d ?kw¡V pk; ysdj lcdks pk; ihus dh vkKk iznku dhA lc pk; ih pqds
rks egkjkt us lar eku flag th dks lc ds fy, fcLrj vkSj mfpr LFkku
vkfn dk izca/k djus dk vkns'k fn;kA lar vkRek flag th ls iwNk&vkRek
flag rqe fucZy cgqr gks x, gksA rqEgkjs tSls cfy"B ;qok dh bruh fucZyrk
dh laHkkouk ugha FkhA lar vkRek flag th us gkFk tksM+dj dgk&egkjkt!
vki lc dqN tkurs gks] eSa D;k gw¡A ;g dgdj fouezrk O;Dr dh vkSj
ekSukoyacu dj fy;kA ij ckck tkudhnkl th us dgk&egkjkt] rhu o"kZ
dh dfBu riL;k frfr{kk vkfn ds dkj.k vk'kkrhr fucZyrk vk tkuk
vo';EHkkoh FkkA ;g lqudj egkjkt us izlUurk O;Dr djrs gq, dgk&cgqr
vPNk! riL;k gh larksa dk Hkw"k.k gSA vPNk tkvks] vkjke djksA egkjkt dh
vkKk lqudj lHkh yksx ;FkkfufnZ"V LFkkukas dks pys x,A jkf=&Hkkstu ds
170 vkRe lfjrk

mijkar egkjkt us lar vkRek flag th ls mÙkjdk'kh esa riL;kdky ds

vuqHko lqukus dks dgk&rks lar vkRek flag th us bls vkRe yk?kk o vgadkj
dh ckr le> dj dqN u dgdj ekSukoyacu dks gh Js;"dj le>k vkSj
ckck dkUg flag th egk;ksxh dh ckrsa lqukus yx x,A egkjkt us Hkh muds
euksxr Hkko dks le> dj vkxs dqN u iwNkA tkdj vkjke djus dh vkKk
nhA lHkh yksx vius&vius LFkkuksa esa tkdj funzk nsoh dh xksn esa fojkt x,A
nwljs fnu losjs Luku&/;ku tyikuarj lkFk vk, dqyh dk fglkc djds
/kksrh&deht vkfn diM+s nsdj mls okil Hkst fn;kA lar vkRek flag th
yxHkx ,d eghuk vkS"kf/k lsou djds vkSj vPNh [kqjkd [kkrs jgus ls
vPNs gks x,A dke /ka/ks dh ns[k&js[k djus yx x,A iwjh ranq#Lrh mUgas rhu
ekl ds ckn gkfly gqbZA bUgha fnuksa esa lar ukjk;.k flag th tks mu fnuksa esa
yxHkx ckjg&rsjg o"kZ ds ckyd Fks] fueZy vkJe esa vkus&tkus yxs FksA lar
vkRek flag th us mUgas Jh xq# xzaFk lkfgc th dk ikB djk;kA tiq th lkfgc
,oa jgjkl lkfgc vkfn daBLFk djk,A blds i'pkr~ fganh o.kZekyk fl[kk
dj egkHkkjr dh dgkfu;ka vkfn lqikB~; iqLrdas i<+kb±A
lar vkRek flag th ds vU; xq# HkkbZ ckyd ukjk;.k dks Mk¡Vrs& MiVrs
jgrs FksA os ugha pkgrs Fks fd lar vkRek flag dh izfr"Bk c<+s D;ksafd fdlh
Hkh O;fDr dh izfr"Bk ds dkj.k tgk¡ mlds egku~ xq.k vkSj mÙke LoHkko
vkfn gksrs gS ogk¡ f'k";&mif'k"; vkfn Hkh izfr"Bk c<+kus esa lgk;d gks tkrs
gaSA vr% vkidh vkKk ls ckyd ukjk;.k vU;kU; vkJeksa esa jgdj i<+rk
jgk vkSj tks vkKk gksrh vkJe dh lsok dj tkrk FkkA
,d fnu dh ckr gS&gfj;k.kk dk ,d T;ksfr"kh iafMr vkJe esa vk x;kA
g¡lh&g¡lh esa dbZ ,d lk/kqvksa us vius gkFk mls fn[kk,A viuh le> ds
vuqlkj mlus lHkh dks Hkwr&Hkfo";r dh ckras crkb±A muesa ls cgqr&lh
vkRe lfjrk 171

;FkkFkZ FkhaA lar vkRek flag th us ukjk;.k flag th dh gLr&js[kk ns[kus dks
dgk rks iafMr th us crk;k fd bldh gLr& js[kk ls Kkr gksrk gS fd blds
HkkX; esa fo|k rks vf/kd ugha] lkekU; gS] ij ;'k cgqr gSA bldh eku&
izfr"Bk Hkh c<+rh gh tk,xhA blds 'kqHk&LoHkko dh fo'ks"krk gksxh ljyrk]
vfHkekughurk] lqân;rk] d`rKrkA lc dk 'kqHk fparu vkSj lcds lkFk
izse] cM+kas dk fo'okl&ik= o d`ik&ik= gksuk] 'khy vkfn xq.kksa ds dkj.k
bldk dksbZ dV~Vj 'k=q Hkh ugha gksxkA gk¡] FkksM+h cgqr bZ";kZ rks yksx djrs gh
jgasxs] ;s vygnk ckr gSA
>kM+h dh ;k=k
lar vkRek flag th dh vU; fo'ks"krkvksa ds vfrfjDr muds O;fDrRo dks
laokjus vkSj fu[kkjus okyh fo'ks"krk Fkh&vkfLrd cqf) vkSj J)kA Hkxoku
esa] xq#nso ds pj.kksa vkSj HktukuUnh egkRekvksa ds pj.kksa esa] mudh vVwV
J)k FkhA vr% dbZ fnu ls mudh bPNk Fkh fd pydj ikoure LFkku dh
;k=k dj vk,aA lks ,d fnu i;kZIr Qy&Qwy vkfn ysdj lar vkRek flag
th] lar fu'py flag th vkSj ukjk;.k flag th rhuksa us rkaxk fd;k vkSj
>kM+h esa igq¡p x,A
ftu egkiq#"kksa ds pj.k&fpUgksa ls _f"kHkwfe&_f"kds'k dk d.k&d.k
dapu ds leku Fkk] ftl >kM+h dk ,d&,d isM+ dYir# dh lerk djrk
Fkk] ftl dh /kwfy dks eLrd ij yxk dj jkts&egkjkts] lsB&lkgwdkj]
ljnkj vius vgksHkkX; le>rs Fks] ml riksHkwfe >kM+h ds izeq[k egkiq#"k
egkrstLoh iafMr ewyflag th uS;kf;d lk{kkr~ Hkxor~ Lo:i czãKkuh Jh Jh
108 iafMr bZ'oj flag th nkS/kj okyksa ds vuU; J)kyq rFkk izeq[k d`ikik=
Lokeh ghjkyky th egkjkt leLr lar lekt ds J)s; egkfo}ku~ ckck isze
flag th] xq# th iafMr gfjnso flag th ds xq# iafMr ukjk;.k flag th] Lokeh
172 vkRe lfjrk

dY;k.kkuan th mnklhu] ije fojDr Lo;a T;ksfr th mnklhu vkfn iwT;

egkRekvksa ds pj.kksa esa HkasV fd,A vius leo;Ld fe= lar rkjk flag th]
fojDr ferflag th] iafMr Lokeh lar flag th] Jh iafMr dY;k.k flag th]
Lokeh larks"kkuUn th mnklhu vkfn ls Hkh HksaV gks xbZA mu yksxksa dks ;equks=h
vkSj mÙkjdk'kh ds vuqHko lquk,A egk;ksxh ckck dkUg flag th vkfn
egkiq#"kksa dh efgek ds ckjs esa cgqr dqN crk;kA
lar rkjk flag th us iwNk fd xaXkks=h] gsedqaM] cnzhukFk vkfn dh ;k=k
D;ksa u djds vk, rks vkius fouhr Loj esa mÙkj fn;k fd bPNk rks cgqr Fkh
fd loZrhFkks± dh ;k=k djds ykSVw¡ ij mÙkjdk'kh esa lk/kuk esa eu ,slk je
x;k fd ml vkuan dks NksM+us dks th jkt+h ugha gqvkA cl [k+;ky vkrk rks
;gh lkspdj NksM+ nsuk iM+rk fd pyrs le; lc dh ;k=k djrs pysaxsA ij
vkrs le; fucZyrk bruh c<+ xbZ fd vkxs pyuk vlaHko gks x;kA HkkX; us
lkFk fn;k rks ,d ckj fQj tkus dh bPNk gS] ij vkxs ^bZ'ojsPNk cyh;lh*A
bruk dgrs gq, lar vkRek flag th us fe= eaMyh ls okil vkJe tkus dh
vkKk ek¡xh rks lc lar >kM+h ls lM+d rd vki dks NksM+ dj okil >kM+h dks
pys x,A
dk;Z&Hkkj laHkkyk
vc vki iw.kZ LoLFk gks pqds Fks] LFkku dk reke dke vius gkFk esa djds
vkJe dk dqy dk;Z&Hkkj laHkky fy;k FkkA m/kj djkph ls egkjkt dks i=
vk x;k fd vki dkfrZd iwf.kZek ds ifo= volj ij i/kkjus dh d`ik vo';
djsaA HkDryksx cgqr mRdaBk ls vkidh izrh{kk dj jgs gSaA
;g i= egkjkt us lar vkRek flag vkfn lc f'k";ksa dks lquk;k vkSj
dgk fd ns[kks HkkbZ! vkRek flag ds vkJe esa u jgus ds dkj.k ge fla/k dh
vksj ugha tk ldsA vr% vc gesa vo'; tkuk iMs+xkA vki yksx lc xq#&
vkRe lfjrk 173

HkkbZ isze ls feydj jgsaA vius&vius dk;Z&Hkkj dks fuHkkrs jgsaA cM+s&NksVs dk
;Fkksfpr vknj&lEeku djrs jgukA la/;k&mikluk ls dHkh fojr u gksuk
vkSj ns[kks Øks/k vkSj ?k`.kk cgqr cM+s nqxqZ.k gSa] budks dHkh Hkh ân; esa LFkku u
nsukA ;kn j[kks ?k`.kk ls ?k`.kk dHkh ugha tk ldrhA mls thrus dk ,deso
lk/ku gS&isze vkSj O;ogkj dh dkseyrk] okrkZyki dh e/kqjrkA vr% vki
yksx vkil esa vkSj vU; lc ds lkFk ln~Hkko vkSj lgkuqHkwfr dk crkZo
j[ksaA isze ls lalkj ds lc yksx vius cu tkrs gSaA bruk mins'k nsdj os
xkM+h ls du[ky fueZy ckx esa vk BgjsA lar vkRek flag th] lar fu'py
flag th vkfn lar lkFk vk x,A
du[ky ls lar fu'py flag th] Jh ckck isze flag th] Jh iafMr lqPpk
flag th ¼laxriqjk okys½] lar d`iky flag th ;ksxhjkt] lar lsok flag th]
lar djrkj flag th] lar lkfgc flag th vkfn lkr larksa dks lkFk ysdj
djkph ds fy, jokuk gks x, vkSj lar vkRek flag th xkM+h esa p<+kdj Lo;a
_f"kds'k okil vk x,A
djkph esa
fla/k esa lcls igys vkids lsod cus Fks lsB psykjke th djkph okysA os
vkids pj.kksa ds vuU; J)kyq Fks vkSj mudh fxurh djkph ds cM+s&cM+s
vehjksa esa FkhA djkph LVs'ku ls os vkidks vfr J)k vkSj ln~Hkko ls tqywl
fudky dj ds vius ?kj ys x, vkSj vius caxys esa vkidks Bgjk;kA ;gha ij
vkius 1979 dh dkfrZd iwf.kZek eukbZA
vc vki o`)koLFkk dh fucZyrk dks eglwl djus yxs FksA blfy, Lo;a
dFkk&okrkZ ugha djrs FksA HkDr yksx vkidks xq#ok.kh dk dhrZu lqukrs jgrs
FksA vxj fdlh dks fdlh ckr ds jgL; dks le>us dh bPNk gksrh vkSj ml
ckjs esa iz'u djrk rks mldk lek/kku djds rlYyh djk nsrs FksA blh izdkj
174 vkRe lfjrk

lRlax vkSj mins'k djrs gq, ,d eghuk djkph esa BgjsA blds ckn
>wEeVey ¼gSnjkckn okys½ vkdj vkidks viuh dksBh gSnjkckn esa ys x,A
ogk¡ 10-12 fnu jgsA blh <ax ls mins'kke`r fiykrs gq, vki 10 fnu ds
ckn lsB jsokpan ds edku esa pys x,A ;gk¡ lsB th ds dbZ cPpksa dks tiq th
lkfgc daBLFk djok;k vkSj ok.kh ds vusd 'kCn daB djok,A blh izdkj
;FkkØe ls eqD[kh xksfoanjke izhrenkl] nhoku n;kjke tt] ekLVj [kwcpan
fpukuh] ftuds iq= n;kjke fpukuh vkxs pydj cacbZ ds phQ tfLVl gq,
¼ftudk ,d eksVj ,DlhMsaV esa mudk LoxZokl gks x;k Fkk½ vkfn dh dksfB;ksa
esa rhu eghus jgsA izHkq dk ukeke`r fiykdj ekuo&/keZ vkSj xq#ok.kh dk
izpkj djds lsB }kjdknkl cSadj ds cqykos ij f'kdkjiqj pys x,A ;gk¡ izseh
HkDrksa ds vkxzg ij vkius 2-4 ckj xq#ok.kh ds 'kCnksa dh dFkk lqukus dh Hkh
d`ik dh ij vf/kd le; HkDreaMyh dk dhrZu lquus esa gh fcrkrs FksA
iafMr dks vk'p;Z
;gk¡ ij cztHkw"k.k uke ds ,d fo}ku~ iafMr jgrs FksA ,d fnu mudk
fopkj gqvk fd egkRekvkssa dk uke cM+k gks jgk gS pydj ns[ksa rks lgh fd
mudks 'kkL=&Kku Hkh gS fd [kkyh vkMacj vkfn ls gh fprk jgs gSa HkDrksa dksA
og ,d fnu egkjkt ds ikl vk;k vkSj vkdj&
uklrks fo|rs Hkkoks ukHkkoks fo|rs lr%
mHk;ksjfi /"VksUrLrRoU;LrRonf'kZfHk%AA
yksd ij lka[; 'kkL= ds er dks ysdj iz'u dj MkykA iafMr lqPpk flag th
dks 'kkadj Hkk"; vkSj e/kqlwnuh Vhdk lc ;kn gh iM+s Fks lks /kkjk&izokgh
laLd`r esa lka[; er dk [kaMu dj osnkar er dk leFkZu fd;kA iafMr th dk
;g lansg rks nwj gks x;k fd egkRek yksx 'kkL=&Kku ls 'kwU; gh gksaxs] ij fQj
Hkh og viuh ;ksX;rk dh /kkd tekus ds fy, okfgxq# ea= dh flf) ds ckjs
vkRe lfjrk 175

esa iz'u dj cSBsA

cksys&okfgxq# 'kCnL; dFka flf)HkZofr \
;kfu laLd`r O;kdj.k ds vuqlkj okfgxq# 'kCn dh flf) dSls gks ldrh gS]
;g crkus dh d`ik djsaA cl fQj D;k Fkk] O;kdj.k&Kku ds leqnz ckck izse
flag th cksys&igys ^Hkofr*] bl :i dh flf) dSls gksrh gS\ ;g rks crkb,A
bl ij ckck th us 15 feuV ds Hkk"k.k esa vusd iz'u dj MkysA iafMr th us
lek/kku djus dk ;Ru rks fd;k] ij ckck th dk 'kkL=&Kku rks vlhe Fkk]
lks iafMr th us tks mÙkj fn;k mldk [kaMu dj fn;kA iafMr th dk dksbZ Hkh
lek/kku Bhd u gks ik;kA vkf[kj egkjkt egar cqM~<k flag th us czkã.k
nsork dks ;g dgdj cksyus ls jksd fn;k fd budk O;kdj.k dk Kku vlhe
gS] vki ikj ugha vk ldsaxsA egkjkt dh vkKk ls czkã.k us cgl can dj
nksuksa egkiq#"kksa ds 'kkL=h;&Kku dh eqDrdaB ls iz'kalk dhA blds ckn og
jkst gh vkrk vkSj ckck isze flag th ls O;kdj.k laca/kh lansgksa dks nwj djrkA
Jh 108 iafMr lqPpk flag th vkSj ckck izse flag th egkjkt us czkã.k dh
fouhrrk fo|kuqjkx vkSj ln~fopkjksa dh iz'kalk dh vkSj egkjkt us bls
d'ehjh nq'kkys vkSj iPphl #i;s vk'khokZn ds :i esa fn,A
bl Hkk¡fr lRlax }kjk ln~fopkjksa vkSj ln~xq.kksa dk izlkj djrs gq,
QkYxqu ekl lekIr gks x;kA vxys fnu ckck cqM~<k flag th us
psfr xksfoanq vjk/kh,s gksoS vuanq ?k.kkAA ¼iUUkk 133½
bu ckjg ekg ds 'kCn dh euksgj dFkk dhA Jksrkx.k cgqr izlUu gq,A
bl izdkj 'kq) /kkfeZd izpkj djrs gq, vki eaMyh lfgr laor 1980
fo0 dks gfj}kj okil vk x,A ;gk¡ cslk[kh dk Luku djds iafMr lqPpk
flag th vius Msjs laxriqjk dks okil pys x, vkSj ckck izse flag th
_f"kds'k >kM+h esa igq¡p x,A
q
176 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 44

iqu% _f"kds'k esa

lar vkRek flag th cSlk[kh ij du[ky vk x, Fks vkSj ;gk¡ ij ckx dh
dksBh dk 'ks"k dke vkjaHk djok fn;kA lar lkgc flag NksVs] tks fd vkidh
lsok esa Nk;k cu lkFk jgrs Fks] dk Jh xq#xzaFk lkfgc dk ikB 'kq) djok;kA
lkFk&lkFk v/;kRe izdk'k vkfn NksVs&NksVs xzaFk i<+k,A lar vkRek flag th
lfgr lc xq#HkkbZ feydj edku ds dke esa tqV x,A ;gk¡ ds dke dks iw.kZ
djds vki Jko.k ds 'kq: esa _f"kds'k vk x, vkSj vius edku ds ihNs iM+h
Hkwfe [kjhn dj ml esa xÅ'kkyk cuk nhA xÅvksa dh lsok ij ,d Xokyk
ukSdj j[k fn;k x;kA lar vkRek flag th Lo;a nw/k dk forj.k djrs vkSj
xÅvksa dh lsok dh ns[k&js[k Hkh djrs FkssA
vc ;g¡k vkdj egkjkt us larksa ds v/;;u dh vksj fo'ks"k /;ku fn;kA
vkJe fuoklh izR;sd lar dks dqN u dqN i<+uk vfuok;Z FkkA lar lkgc
flag] lar ¼[khou½ thou flag vkSj lar eku flag vkfn dks egkjkt Lo;a
i<+krs FksA lar vkRek flag th bu fnuksa lar ukjk;.k flag th dks laLd`r dk
O;kdj.k Lo;a i<+krs FksA
egkjkt us blh o"kZ vkJe dh nwljh eafty dks eqdfEey dj nsus dk
bjknk iDdk dj j[kk FkkA blhfy, lar vkRek flag th dks vf/kd ifjJe
djuk iM+rk Fkk vkSj blhfy, egkjkt dks fla/k tkus dk fopkj LFkfxr dj
nsuk iM+kA ;g dke lar vkRek flag th ds vFkd ifjJe ls ekxZ'kh"k ¼eX?kj½
ekl esa iwjk gks x;kA bl [kq'kh esa ckck th egkjkt us] blh ekl dh
vkRe lfjrk 177

vekoL;k ds fnu lc egkRekvkssa dks iDdk HakMkjk fn;k vkSj lar vkRek flag
th dh yxu] lgu'khyrk] dk;Z{kerk vkSj lQy lsok dh Hkwfj&Hkwfj iz'kalk
dhA
bu fnuksa esa ljnkj vkRek flag th dVkfj;k is'kkoj okys iatkc fla/k {ks=
ds dke ls R;kx&i= nsdj] egkjkt ckck cqM~<k flag th ds f'k"; cu x, Fks]
tks vkxs pydj lu~ 1923 esa Jh fueZy v[kkM+k ds ,dM+ xzke ds egar
fu;qDr fd, x,A lar vkRek flag th iatkch] mnZw ds ekfgj rks Fkss gh] ;gk¡
vkJe esa jgdj mUgkasus fganh ds Lok/;k; ij Hkh fo'ks"k /;ku fn;k vkSj fgUnh
ds vPNs tkudj gks x,A vkius oS|d vkSj ;wukuh fpfdRlk dk Hkh i;kZIr
v/;;u fd;kA
;gk¡ jgdj egkjkt us&
dchj eu le>kou dkjus dNwvd i<+h,s KkuAA ¼iUuk 340½
ds vuqlkj lHkh larksas dks Kku izkIr djus esa izo`r fd;kA vkB&ukS eghus
_f"kds'k esa jgdj vki u, laor ds vkxeu ls igys pS= dh vekoL;k ij
iqu% gfj}kj] du[ky esa vk x,A ;gk¡ bl o"kZ cgqr ls fla/kh HkDr Hkh
cSlk[kh ds Luku ds fy, vk, Fks] ftuesa lsB psykjke] Vksiunkl vkfn izeq[k
FksA HkDrksa dks vki cSlk[k ekgkRE; dh dFkk lqukrs jgs ftls lqudj
HkDrtuksa ds ân; 'kkafr vkSj J)k ls ifjiw.kZ gks x,A pyrs le; izseh
HkDr] egkjkt dks fla/k i/kkjus dk fuea=.k ns x,A vkxs ds rhu eghus vki
;gk¡ ij larksa dks i<+krs jgsA ;gk¡ fueZyckx vkSj dksBh dh etcwrh] lqanjrk
vkSj laiw.kZrk ij fo'ks"k /;ku fn;kA ckx esa cukjlh vkeyksa dk ,d iV~Vk
yxok;k vkSj dbZ Qwyksa ds ikS/ks yxok, vkSj dksBh esa vko';d oLrqvksa dh
deh iwjh dhA fla/k dh vksj lu~ 1924 ¼laor½ ds rhu eghuksa esa fla/k
i/kkjus ds fuea=.k&i=ksa ds <sj yx x, Fks] vr% vki fueZyckx dk dke lar
larks"k o lar lkgc dks lkSaidj _f"kds'k vk x,A ;gk¡ lar vkRek flag vkfn
178 vkRe lfjrk

dks fgnk;r nh fd vk, x, vfrfFk] lk/kq larksa dh lsok ls ladksp er djukA

vkJe fuoklh lc larkas ds lkFk ln~Hkko cuk, j[kukA le; feys rks >kM+h
esa jgus okys fojDr egkRekvksa ds n'kZu t:j dj vk;k djukA fuR; fu;e
dk tki Hktu Lej.k vkfn esa dHkh ukxk u iM+us nsukA ;kn j[kks fd vius
eu esa oSjkX; vkfn ln~xq.kksa dh fLFfr cuk, j[kus ds fy, xq# rsx cgknqj th
dh ok.kh cgqr mi;ksxh gSA ftKklq dk dÙkZO; gS fd og&
xqu xksfcan xkbvks ugh tueq vdkjFk dhuqAA
dgq ukud gfj Hktq euk ftg fcf/k ty dm ehuqAA ¼iUuk 1426½
;Fkk
lqvkeh dks fxzgq ftm lnk lqvku rtr ugh furAA
ukud bg fcf/k gfj Hktm bd efu gqb bd fpfrAA ¼iUuk 1428½
vkfn ds mins'k ds vuqlkj thou&fuekZ.k dk ;Ru tkjh j[ksa bR;kfn mins'k
nsdj du[ky vk x, vkSj ;gk¡ nks fnu jgdj fnukad 2 Jko.k laor 1981
dks f'kdkjiqj dks jokuk gks x,A lkFk esa ije J)kyq lar lkgc flag th
NksVs] lar vej flag th] lar [khou flag th] lar lruke flag th dqfV;k
okys] lar fer flag th fojDr] egar gkde flag th ve`rlj okys] lar
Kkuh d`iky flag th >ax okys] iafMr ukjk;.k flag th dk'kh okys Hkh FksA
f'kdkjiqj esa
lsB }kjdknkl] lsB yqM+hankflag vkfn J)kyq HkDrksa dk tRFkk egkjkt
th dks ysus ds fy, LVs'ku ij ekStwn FkkA tSls gh xkM+h LVs'ku ij igaq¡ph] t;
ckck cqM~<k flag th dh vkfn t;dkjksa ls vkdk'k xw¡t mBkA ckck th dks
Qwy&ekykvksa ls ykn fn;k x;kA cSaM&cktksa dh laxhre;h /ofu esa ckck
lkfgc dk tqywl 'kku ls pyrk gqvk lsB }kjdknkl dh dksBh ig¡qpkA fla/kh
J)kyq HkDrksa dh [kqf'k;ksa dk dksbZ var u FkkA ,d dejs esa egkjkt dk
vklu Fkk vkSj ,d dejs esa lc larksa dkA nksuksa le; izkr% lk;a lRlax
vkRe lfjrk 179

gksrkA egkjkt iYkFkh yxkdj cSB tkrs vkSj HkDr tu cPps&cfPp;ka e/kqj
/ofu ls 'kCn dhrZu djrs jgrsA dksbZ HkDr vkdj fo'ks"k ckr iwNrk rks vki
'kkafr ds lkFk ;FkkFkZ mÙkj nsdj iz'udrkZ dks larq"V dj nsrs FksA dHkh&dHkh
iafMr ukjk;.k flag th dk'kh okys iqjk.kksa esa of.kZr _f"keqfu;ksa vorkjh
iq#"kksa vkSj HkDrksa dh dFkk okrkZ lquk;k djrs FksA
ckck lkfgc ;gk¡ ls 'kh?kz ykSV tkuk pkgrs Fks ij pw¡fd lu~ 1923
¼laor~ 1980½ esa vki fla/k esa vk, ugha Fks vr% iszeh vkus ugha nsrs Fks] ;gha
ikSus&nks eghus xqtj x,A ij vkf[kj gSnjkckn ls nhoku n;kjke tt] pkj
vkneh ysdj vk x, rks HkDr Hkh foo'k FksA lks vki lar eaMyh lfgr
gSnjkckn esa vk x,A ;gk¡ vk, 20-25 fnu xqt+js Fks fd _f"kds'k ls ân;
fonkjd if=dk vk xbZA
iqjk.kksa esa of.kZr ty&izy; dk uke rks yksx lqurs vk, gSa ij ;gk¡
_f"kds'k esa cgqr ls yksxksa us izy; dh fouk'k yhyk vk¡[kksa ls ns[kh gSA
izy; dh fouk'k yhyk _f"kds'k ls lar djrkj flag th dh fy[kh gqbZ
fpV~Bh tksfd dk¡irh gqbZ dye ls fy[kh gqbZ tku iM+rh Fkh] vkbZ ftldk
fljys[k Fkk ^ty izy; dh fouk'k yhyk*A vkxs fy[kk Fkk xaxk th dh ck<+ us
_f"kds'k esa ty izy; dk nq%[knk;h n`'; cuk fn;k gSA lu~ 1824] rnuqlkj
laor 1981 dh ckr gS] vkf'ou onh prqnZ'kh lk;adky ls fgeky; dh
leLr ioZrekyk esa izy;dkjh ewlyk/kkj ckfj'k iM+us yxh FkhA xaxk&;equk
dh reke lgk;d ufn;ka mNy&dwn epkrh gqbZ fdukjs ds ljlCt [ksrksa&o`{kksa
dks fxjk] rksM+&ejksM+ dj vius izokg esa frudksa dh rjg cgk jgh FkhaA
vkl&ikl iM+s gq, cM+s&cM+s iRFkj ;qok f[kykfM+;ksa ds cwVksa dh Bksdjksa ds vkxs
Hkkxrh gqbZ QqVcky dh rjg yq<+drs gq, cg jgs Fks] fdlh dks ,d {k.k foJke
ysus dh Qqjlr ugha FkhA ;gk¡ rd fd 'kh'ke] lky] lka/ku vkSj flaHky vkfn
Hkkjh Hkjde nj[r foo'k gksdj csrgk'kk Hkkxrs gq, rek'kk fn[kk jgs FksA bu
180 vkRe lfjrk

o`{kksa ds eksVs Vguksa ls fyiVs gq, dkys ukx vkSj vtxj Hkh cg jgs FksA ;gk¡
rd fd foo'k gq, 'ksj vkSj gkFkh Hkh ne rksM+rs gq, fpa?kkM+ jgs FksA ;gk¡
NksVs&eksVs fdlh dk fygkt ugha FkkA euq";] i'kq] xk;&HkSal] 'ksj&phrs lc
dky dh fodjky xky esa lek jgs FksA izd`fr ds izkax.k esa ;g ,d vHkwriwoZ
?kVuk Fkh] izy;dkjh o`f"V FkhA
;g dgkuh ;gha lekIr ugha gks tkrhA ekuoksa] i'kqvksa vkSj o`{kksa ds
vykok tgk¡ xjhcksa dh >ksaifM+;k¡] cus cuk;s NIij vkfn cgs tk jgs Fks] ogk¡
vehjksa dh xxu&pqach vV~Vkfydk,a vVkfj;ka Hkh ns[krs gh ns[krs Hkjiwj
tyjkf'k ds lkeus vkRe leiZ.k djds ysVrh tk jgh FkhaA
igkM+ ls izfrLi/kkZ djus okyh fQjkst+iqfj;kas dh gosyh dh Å¡ph Nr ij
iSarhl vkneh tku cpkus dh x+t+Z ls [kM+s FksA ck<+ ds vrqy&cy ikuh us ,d
/kDdk fn;k] cl cuh&cukbZ gosyh vius 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksas dks lkFk ysdj xaxk ds
xHkZ esa foyhu gks xbZA ,d ugha] ek;kdqaM ds lHkh edkuksa vkSj ioZrkdkj o`{kksa
dk dgha irk ugha pyk fd dgk¡ x+k;c gks x,A lw;kZLr gksus rd _f"kds'k
'kgj&gk; jke] ejk js] ds dksykgy ls O;kIr gks x;k FkkA cgs tkrs o`{kksa ij
cSBs vkneh] gk;! dksbZ cpkvks! dgrs gq, jksrs&fpYykrs tk jgs FksA jLls
vkfn Qsad dj cpkus dk ;Ru fd;k x;k ij lc csdkjA izR;{kn'khZ egar
ukjk;.k flag th dk dguk gS fd jkr ds rhu cts rd izy; ds ikuh us tku
cpkdj fudy tkus dk le; fn;kA rhu cts ,d usikyh ckck uke dk lk/kq
fudy vk;kA cl blds QkSju ckn QkVd canA ;kuh panzHkkxk ds ikuh us
vgadkj ls xjtrs gq, nSR; dh rjg 'kgj vkus dk jkLrk jksd fn;kA cl
fQj ,d Hkh lk/kq >kM+h ls ckgj ugha vk ldkA yxHkx nks lkS lk/kqvksa dks
xaxk th ds vuar izokg esa lnk dh lekf/k fey xbZA
dky dh fofp= Xkfr
dky dh xfr cM+h fofp= gSA xq# xksfoan flag th egkjkt us fy[kk gS&
vkRe lfjrk 181

ty dgk Fky dgk xxu ds xmu dgkA

dky ds cuk, lHkS dky gh pckfgxsAA
csvar flag uke dk ,d lar mÙkjdk'kh ls bl ?kVuk ls ,d fnu igys
_f"kds'k fueZy vkJe esa vk;kA vkJe okyksa us cgqr jksdk fd >M+h yxh
gqbZ gS] vr% vki >kM+h esa u tkb,] ij og ugha ekuk] var esa ;g dgdj
pyk x;k fd eSa iwT; ckck isze flag th ds n'kZu fd, fcuk ;gk¡ #d ugha
ldrkA cl >kM+h esa tkdj lkFkh&larksa esa lfEefyr gksdj ekrk xaxk dh xksn
esa lnk ds fy, lks x;kA
fueZyksa dh viwj.kh; {kfr
bl ck<+ ls uqdlku rks lHkh dk gqvk] ij fueZy laiznk; dh tks {kfr gqbZ
mldh iwfrZ u gqbZ vkSj u Hkfo"; esa gks ldsxhA ,d lkS ls vf/kd cM+s&cM+s
fojDr fo}ku~ egkRek larIr lalkj dks NksM+ 'khry xaxk/kkj esa ty&lekf/k
ys x,A
dksgsuwj
fueZy laiznk; ds dksfguwj ghjs Lokeh ghjkyky th ¼ghjkflag th½ o ckck
izseflag th tks lSadM+kas fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds v/;kid] Kku ds leqnz vkSj loZ=
len'khZ] 'kkar LoHkko ds egkiq#"k Fks os Hkh bl izd`fr&dksi ls u cp ldsA
fd'kksj ukjk;.k dk lg;ksx
ml le; lar ukjk;.k flag th dh vk;q yxHkx 15-16 o"kZ dh jgh
gksxhA dkafriw.kZ dapu&lh dk;k] QqrhZyk 'kjhj] ul&ul esa u;k [kwu]
fu'py ljy LoHkko] lsok ds fy, vnE; mRlkg] lRlkgl vkfn muds xq.k
cgqr dke vk,A bl lkglh ohj us flag&'kkod ds leku vFkd nkSM+&/kwi
dhA tku dks tksf[ke essa Mkydj ikuh esa cgrs izkf.k;ksa dks fudkyus dk Hkjiwj
;Ru fd;k] ij izy;dkjh izokg dh vlhe 'kfDr ds lkeus lc csdkj FkkA
ukjk;.k flag th ds lkFk vkSj ;qod Hkh lkgliw.kZ lsok dj jgs Fks] ij
182 vkRe lfjrk

lQyrk dk Js; Øwj dky us fdlh dks u fn;kA ij uxj fuokfl;ksa us bu

mRlkgh ohjksa ds lRlkgl dh eqDrdaB ls iz'kalk dhA
Hkys gh ;s lkglh ;qod fdlh izokfgr izk.kh ds izk.k rks u cpk lds ij
bu fd'kksjksa dh dksf'k'kas loZFkk csdke ugha gqbaZA dkj.k ;g gS fd tylehiLFk
?kjksa ds lkeku ckgj fudky dj lqjf{kr LFkkuksa esa ig¡qpk dj thfor turk
dh lQy lsok esa budh ;qok&'kfDr dk lqanj mi;ksx gqvkA lar ukjk;.k
flag us bl ifo= lsok esa Hkh iwjk lg;ksx fn;k pw¡fd ikuh fueZy vkJe ds
lehi vkrk tk jgk FkkA vkJe ds larksa dks Hkh lkeus [krjk ut+j vkrk&lk
tku iM+k] lks lar djrkj flag th us fd'kksj ukjk;.k flag th dks cqyk;k
vkSj mlds lg;ksx ls vkJe dk lkeku iatkc fla/k {ks= esa ig¡qpk;k x;kA
cl blds ckn ck<+ Hkh Fkd&lh xbZA ikuh mrjuk 'kq: gks x;kA rc yksxksa us
lq[k dh lk¡l yhA vxys fnu ukjk;.k flag dks lkeku okil ykus esa
vuojr la?k"kZ djuk iM+kA bl dke esa lar ukjk;.k flag dk lg;ksx vkM+s&
oDr dke vk;k vkSj vki dks lc larksa dk Lusgiw.kZ vk'khokZn izkIr gqvkA
'kk;n mlh dk lq[kn ifj.kke gS fd mÙkjksÙkj vkidk mTToy ;'k loZ=
fodh.kZ gksrk x;kA
tc bl nq%[knk;h ?kVuk dh [kcj ckck cqM~<k flag th dks lqukbZ xbZ rks
vkids ân; dks xgjk vk?kkr yxkA vkius ml fnu Hkkstu ugha fd;kA vxys
fnu lar vkRek flag th dks vkns'k fn;k fd rqe _f"kds'k pys tkvks vkSj
bl ?kVuk ls izHkkfor O;fDr;ksa dks gekjh vksj ls lgkuqHkwfr O;Dr djksA
HkDr yksx gesa rks vHkh tkus ugha nsaxs exj ge Hkh cgqr 'kh?kz vkus dk ;Ru
djssaxsA 'kgj ds lar&egkRekvksa vkSj ln~x`gLFkksa ls gennhZ t+kfgj djds
du[ky fueZy fojDr dqfV;kvksa esa t:j tkukA vki dk vkns'k ikdj lar
vkRek flag th rqjar gfj}kj ds fy, jokuk gks x,A gfj}kj vkdj lcls
igys dqfV;kvksa ds egar Tokyk flag th iafMr gjnso flag vkfn ls feys vkSj
vkRe lfjrk 183

egkjkt dh vksj ls gkfnZd nq%[k O;Dr fd;kA blds ckn _f"kds'k igq¡ps rks
izd`fr dh fouk'k yhyk ns[kdj cgqr nq%[k eglwl fd;kA lar djrkj flag
vkfn ls vk¡[kksa ns[kk gky lquk rks vk¡[kksa ls vJq/kkjk cg fudyhA lar
djrkj flag th ds eq[k ls lar ukjk;.k flag th dh lkgliw.kZ lsok dh iz'kalk
lquh rks vkidks [kq'kh Hkh csgn gqbZA brus esa lar ukjk;.k flag th us vkids
pj.kksa esa flj j[kdj naMor dh rks mls Hkjiwj vk'khokZn fn,A dgk&csVk]
rqeus ftl yXu vkSj lkgl ds lkFk lsok esas mRlkg fn[kk;k gS og rqEgkjs tSls
;qoktuksa ds xq.kksa ds vuqdwy gh gSA rqEgkjh J)k HkfDr lkgliw.kZ lsok vkSj
rqEgkjs ln~fopkj rqEgsa lekt esa mPp izfr"Bk vkSj lRdkj dk ik= cuk,axsA
tyiku ds ckn lar djrkj flag th vkSj vius gksugkj f'k"; lar
ukjk;.k flag th dks lkFk ysdj lc vkJeksa esa x, vkSj lc egkRekvksa ds
lkFk lgkuqHkwfr izdV dhA
;|fi fdlh dk futh uqdlku rks fo'ks"k ugha gqvk Fkk] ij fo}ku~ fojDr
egkRekvksa ds xaxk esa izokfgr gks tkus dk vR;f/kd nq%[k lc dks FkkA tc bl
nq%[knk;h ?kVuk ds le; ihfM+r izkf.k;kas dh lgkuqHkwfriw.kZ lsok djus okyksa
dk ftØ gksrk rks lar ukjk;.k flag ds lRlkgl dh iz'kalk vo'; gksrh] rks
lar djrkj flag th dgrs&vPNk ! bldh mez lsok djus dh gS] mfpr le;
ij lsok djrk jgsxk rks esok Hkh [kk,xkA lsok ds fcuk rks bl feV~Vh ds iqrys
dk dqN mi;ksx ugha gS] lsok ds fcuk euq"; thou fu"Qy gSA HkkbZ xq#nkl
th us dgk gS&/k`x lsok fcu gRFk iSj gksj fugQy dj.khAA
lsok ds xq.k ls gh guqeku nsork cu x;k vkSj ;g Hkh rks vHkh guqeku
gh gS] lsok djrk jgsxk rks ;'k ik,xk] lq[k ik,xk] ijyksd esa lEeku
ik,xkA xq# ukud nso th us dgk gS&
fofp nquhvk lso dekbZ,sAA rk njxg cSl.kq ikbZ,sAA
dgq ukud ckg yqMkbZ,sAA ¼iUuk 26½
184 vkRe lfjrk

lar egkRekvksa dh iz'kalk vkSj 'kqHk vk'khokZn ls lar ukjk;.k flag th ds

thou dk eq[; mn~ns'; lsok gh cu x;kA Bhd gS HkkX;oku dks gh larkRekvksa
dh lsok dk volj feyrk gSA
lar djrkj flag th us ;gk¡ dh fouk'k yhyk dk laiw.kZ gky egkjkt dks
fy[k Hkstk FkkA mUgsa bl ls nq[k rks cgqr gqvk ij os bl fopkj ls fd leLr
lalkj vkxek;k;h gS] ;gk¡ LFkkbZ LFkku rks fdlh dk ughaA
tks miftvks lks fcufl gS ijks vktq dS dkfyAA ¼iUuk 1429½
;Fkk&
bgq txq /kw, dk igkjAA rS lkpk ekfuvk fdg fcpkfjAA ¼iUuk 1186½
ds vuqlkj ;g lalkj feF;k gS] ;gk¡ dksbZ pht+ LFkkbZ ugha gSA vr% bldk
'kksd O;FkZ gSA 'kksd NksM+dj izHkq fparu djuk gh Js;Ldj gSA
iwoksZDr izdkj ls Hkxoruke] ti] lnkpkj] ikou xq#ok.kh vkSj l)eZ
dk izpkj djrs gq, dgha chl fnu] dgha eghuk jgdj lD[kj oxSjg gksrs gq,
djkph esa lsB psykjke th ds ckx esa vk x,A ;gk¡ HkDr&eaMyh ikou
xq#ok.kh dk dhrZu djrh jgrhA egkjkt chp esa fl)klu yxkdj lqurs
jgrsA chp esa dksbZ fdlh dfBu 'kCn dk vFkZ iwNrk rks O;k[;k djds 'kCn
dk ekfeZd vFkZ crk nsrsA dbZ ckj chp esa iafMr ukjk;.k flag th mins'kizn
vk[;kf;dk lquk nsrs FksA
,d fnu dh ckr gS&vki izHkq&fparu esa fueXu cSBs FksA lsB psykjke
vkSj muds fe= lsB Vsdpan th vk, vkSj vk/kk ?kaVk tyiku esa fcrkdj
egkjkt ds dejs esa x, vkSj egkjkt ds lkeus naMor iz.kke dj cSB x, A
rc rd vkSj HkDr Hkh vk x,A dhrZu okys Hkh vk cSBs rks egkjkt us vk¡[ksa
[kksyha vkSj ureLrd izsfe;ksa dks gkFk mBkdj vk'khokZn fn;k vkSj dgk&uke
fpÙk vkosA bruk lqudj lsB Vsdpan us gkFk tksM+dj J)kiw.kZ <ax ls dgk&
egkjkt ! fouhr izkFkZuk djuk pkgrk gw¡] vkKk gS\ egkjkt us dgk&Hkys gh
vkRe lfjrk 185

tks dguk pkgrs gks] fu%ladksp gksdj dgksA rc fouhr HkDr Vsdpan us
dgk&egkjkt ! ge vki ls iz'u djus dh ;ksX;rk rks ugha j[krs] gk¡ ! vkids
eq[kkjfoan ls mins'k lquuk pkgrs gSa] lks vki gekjs fy, tks fgrdj le>rs
gSa lks mins'k nsus dh d`ik djsaA cl bruh gh izkFkZuk gSA
Ckkck th us dgk&HkkbZ] mins'k nsus ds fy, cgqr gSa vkSj lquus ds fy, Hkh
cgqr gSaA ij fcuk vey ds dksbZ [k+kl ykHk ugha gksrkA vxj /kkj.k djuh gks
rks ,d gh ckr thou dks cny dj j[k nsrh gSA ikou xq#ok.kh dh ,d&,d
iafDr mins'k ve`r ls ifjiw.kZ gSA vkt ge rqe yksxksa ls ,d iafDr dks /kkj.k
djus ds fy, dgsaxs tks cgqr vklku gSA izR;sd O;fDr mls /kkj.k djds
vius thou dks ifo= cuk ldrk gSA
og gS&
ukud vxS Åre lsbZ ft ikika iafn u nsghAA ¼iUuk 91½
;ksx ;Kkfn djus dfBu gaSA riL;k djuk Hkh gj fdlh ds cl dk dke
ugha] vkReKku Hkh nqyZHk gSA vr% ;gh iafDr euu dj yh tk, rks thou dk
#[k cny ldrk gSA
dqN Hkh djrs tkvksA ;fn iki deks± ls fojr ugha gksrs rks ml ls fo'ks"k
ykHk dh vk'kk ugha dj ldrsA
egkjkt dgrs gSa vkxs ijyksd esa os gh yksx mÙke ekus tk,axs tks fo'ks"k
lq[k Hkksxus ds vf/kdkjh gksaxs] ftUgksaus iki ekxZ esa dHkh iSj ugha j[kkA
vki dksbZ iq.; deZ djsa ;k u djsa] rhFkZ&Luku djsa ;k u djsa] fgeky;
dh xqQkvksa esa cSBdj rIkL;k djsa ;k u djsa] iUpkfXu ri djsa ;k u djsa] cl
iki deksZa ls cp tk,a rks vkidks ckxs&cfg'r dh lSj djus ls dksbZ jksd ugha
ldrkA
fdruk vklku gS ;g dkeA dqN Hkh djuk ugha iM+rk cfYd djus ls
cpuk gksrk gSA djus ls gV tkuk ek= gS] djuk dqN Hkh ughaA dhpM+ ls ik¡o
186 vkRe lfjrk

u fcxkM+ks rks /kksus dh t:jr gh u iM+sxhA /kksus dh rdyhQ mBkus dh ctk;

vPNk ;gh gS fd dhpM+ ls ik¡o [kjkc gh u fd, tk,aA
;fn dqN ugha dj ldrs rks cl iki&deZ ds ekxZ u pyks] vkRe&dY;k.k
ds fy, ;g lc ls ljy mik; gS] vklku rjhdk gSA
;fn iki&deksZa ls ugha gVuk pkgrs rks fQj ln~xfr dh vk'kk NksM+ nksA
;fn dksbZ euk djus ij Hkh t+gj [kk jgk gS vkSj dgrk gS fd eq>s dksbZ
rdyhQ ugha gksuh pkfg, rks ;g mldh vDy dk fnokfy;kiu ¼ikxyiu½
gSA
fdlh egkRek ds ikl dksbZ izeknh cqM~<k x;k vkSj dgus yxk egkjkt !
eq>s dksbZ lnqins'k nksA rks egkRek us dgk&HkkbZ] egkRekvksa dk lRlax fd;k
djks] rqEgsa cgqr ykHk gksxkA rks mlus dgk&egkjkt ! bruk le; feyuk rks
eqf'dy gS] dksbZ ljy mik; crkb,A rks lar us dgk&vPNk HkkbZ] jke&jke
tik dj] rqEgkjk dY;k.k gksxkA rks mlus dgk&egkjkt dkS, dh rjg dk;a&
dk;a djus ls dksbZ vklku rjhdk crkb,A lk/kq us dgk&vPNk] nku djrs
jgksA Hkxoku dh nh gqbZ oLrqvksa esa ls dqN&u&dqN Hkxoku ds uke ls nsrs jgk
djks] Hkxoku Hkyk djsaxsA mlus dgk&egkjkt ! ;g dke rks esjs fy, vkSj
Hkh eqf'dy gSA dqN vkSj vPNh ckr crkb, A egkRek us dgk&vxj dqN Hkh
ugha dj ldrs rks iki&deZ djuk NksM+ nks] cl iki&deZ ls gV tkuk gh
rqEgkjs fy, dkQh gSA rks mlus dgk&egkRek th ! ;g rks esjh tUe&tUekarj
dh vknr gS] eSa bls rks ugha NksM+ ldrk] dqN vkSj NksVh&lh ckr crkb,A rks
egkRek us dgk fd&HkkbZ] dqN vPNk ugha djuk pkgrs gks] u cqjk djus ls
ckt+ vkuk pkgrs gks] rks lc ls vPNk ;gh gS fd Mwcdj ej tkvks] dqvk¡
ikl esa gh gSA
bl ckr dks fdlh egkRek us ,d loS;s esa bl izdkj dgk gS&
laru dks lRlax cM+ks fey lUru ls Hkofla/kq rjks jsAA
vkRe lfjrk 187

tm rqe rs lRlax u gks;s rks uke tiks v# nku djks jsAA

uke v# nku tks ufg cuS er ikiu dh flj iksV /kjks jsAA
ikiu ls ;fn ukfg cpks bl thou ls ejtku Hkyks jsAA
,sls yksxksa dks tks iki&deZ dk thou fcrkrs gq, chp esa dHkh&Luku] nku
vkfn 'kqHk&deZ djds ;g le> ysrs gSa fd gekjs vc lc iki&deZ /kqy x,
gSa] vr% csfQØ gksdj fQj iki&deZ djus yxrs gSa] dks QVdkj crkrs gq,
dgk gS fd&
Ikki djfg iapka ds cfl jsAA rhjfFk ukb dgfg lfHk mrjsAA
cgqfj dekofg gksb fuladAA te iqfj ckaf/k [kjs dkyadAA
¼iUuk 1348½
;kuh ,sls izeknh yksxksa dks t+athjksa esa tdM+ dj ;eiqjh esa ys tk;k tkrk gS
vkSj ogk¡ os fpjdky rd vius dqd`R;ksa dk Qy Hkksxrs gq, nq%[k ikrs jgrs
gSaA ;g ,d fuf'pr fl)kar gS fd vius fd, dk Qy vo'; Hkksxuk iM+rk
gSA og vPNk gks ;k cqjk gks] vius fd, dk Qy Hkksxus ls dksbZ cp ugha
ldrkA ^dnZuh [os'k o vkenuh is'kA*
QsM+s dk nq[kq lgS thmAA ikNS fdlfg iqdkjfg ihm ihmAA ¼iUuk 1196½
vkSj Hkh lqUnj dgk gS&
;kjs eu [kqn djnkjka bykts usLrA
vr% HkkbZ] tks Js;Ldkeh gS] mls iki rks D;k ikiksa dh Nk;k ls Hkh cpuk
pkfg,A
bl izdkj os nks ?kUVs rd cksyrs jgsA vr% o`)koLFkk dh det+ksjh ds
dkj.k mudk 'kjhj ilhus ls rj gks x;kA cqf)eku HkDr us Hkk"k.k ls fojr
djus ds fopkj ls nw/k dk fxykl ykdj lkeus j[k fn;k rks egkjkt Hkh
bldk vFkZ le> x, vkSj mUgsa viuh FkdkoV dk [k+;ky vk x;k vkSj
Hkk"k.k lekIr dj fn;kA vc dhrZu dk le; gh ugha jg x;k FkkA vr%
188 vkRe lfjrk

O;ogkj dq'ky esykjke us lc HkDrksa dks ?kj tkus dk b'kkjk fd;k vkSj os
lc vius&vius ?kjksa dks pys x, rks egkjkt us nw/k fi;kA nw/k ihdj rfd;s
ds lgkjs ysVrs gq, dgk&esykjke ! rqe cgqr dq'ky O;fDr gksA cM+h
vDyeanh ls rqeus gesa Hkk"k.k ls jksdkA fouhr HkDr us uezrk ls dgk&
egkjkt ! lc vkidh c['kh'ksa gSa] vkids ilhus dks ns[kdj eq>s eglwl gqvk
fd egkjkt Fkd x, gSaA Hkk"k.k dks lekIr djkus dk eq>s ;gh rjhdk lc ls
vPNk tku iM+k fd vkids lkeus nw/k dk fxykl ykdj j[k fn;kA ;g
lqudj egkjkt us mudh O;ogkj dq'kyrk dh eqDrdaB ls iz'kalk dhA
q
vkRe lfjrk 189

rjax 45

okilh dk fopkj
bl Hkk"k.k ds ckn tc Hkh dhrZu ds izseh HkDr vkrs] rks lsB esykjke
igys ls fgnk;r dj nsrs fd dksbZ HkDr egkjkt ls iz'u djus dh xyrh
¼dksf'k'k½ u djsA egkjkt dks mÙkj nsus esa d"V gksrk gSA cl dhrZu djus
okys 'kCn xkrs jgrs vkSj Jksrkx.k izse ls cSBs lqurs jgrsA iafMr ukjk;.k
flag th dHkh&dHkh dFkk vkfn lquk fn;k djrsA vkxs tc rd jgs ;gh Øe
pyrk jgkA vkf[kj o"kkZjaHk esa pS= ekl dh dFkk lqukdj eaMyh lfgr
egkjkt laor 1982 dh cSlk[kh ls pkj fnu igys du[ky igq¡ap x,A
vxys fnu fuR;deZ ls fuo`Ùk gksdj fueZy fojDr dqfV;k vkSj fueZy
v[kkM+k vkfn LFkkuksa esa tkdj egarksa larkas ls feydj xaxk dh ck<+ ds
nq"ifj.kke ij nq%[k O;Dr fd;k vkSj eqDr vkRekvksa ds fufeÙk v[kaM ikB
vkSj HkaMkjk dk fuea=.k ns vk,A 4 cSlk[k dks HkaMkjk djds 5 cSlk[k dks
_f"kds'k vk x,A
_f"kds'k esa vkdj egkjkt lar vkRek flag vkfn lc larksa dks xq#ok.kh
ds xaHkhj Kku ds fy, i<+kus yxsA tiq th lkfgc] tki lkfgc vkSj lq[keuh
lkfgc vkfn dh dFkk] lRlax dh jhfr ls i<+k,] vPNh rjg lcdks vFkZ
euu djok,A bl izdkj dk mi;qDr lRlax ns[kdj vkSj Hkh dbZ ,d
Kkufiiklq egkRek vk x,A ;g ns[kdj lar vkRek flag th us egkjkt ls
dgk fd larksa ds c<+ tkus ls nw/k dh deh gks xbZ gSA vr% vki vkKk djsa rks
xk;sa vkSj [kjhn yh tk,aA egkjkt us dgk&Hkys gh! ij xÅ,¡ vPNh
190 vkRe lfjrk

[kjhnukA lqanj xÅ dh lsok djus dks gj ,d dk th pkgrk gSA lsok ls og

vkSj lqanj curh gSa vkSj nw/k Hkh vf/kd nsrh gSaA ;FkkKk dgdj lar vkRek
flag th us nks vPNh xk;sa vkSj ys yhaA vc nw/k dh deh iwjh gks xbZ rks larksa
dh lsok esa o v/;;u esa vkSj #fp c<+ xbZA lar ukjk;.k flag th Hkh i<+us
yx x,A bUgsa lar vkRek flag th nksckjk [kqn i<+krs FksA bl jhfr ls
fueZykJe dk lekt vkSj 'kgj esa lEeku c<+k vkSj vc vkjaHk fd, xzaFk
iwjs gksus dks FksA bl chp egkjkt dh bPNk nf{k.k iwoZ ds rhFkksZa dh ;k=k djus
dh gqbZA
nf{k.k iwoZ dh vksj
¼xaxk lkxj vkfn rhFkksZa dh ;k=k½
pw¡fd ukfLrdrk] vk/;kfRedrk vkSj /kkfeZdrk dh 'k=q gS vkSj J)k
lgk;d gS vr% egkjkt ftKklqvksa ds dksey ân;ksa esa J)k ds Hkko n`<+
djus ds fopkj ls ln~xzaFkksa dk v/;;u vkSj rhFkZ ;k=k dks vf/kd egRo nsrs
FksA vr% Hktu fleju ds ln~xzaFkksa ds v/;;u Jo.k] euu vkfn dh vksj
vf/kd #fp j[krs FksA ;g izksxzke ¼dk;ZØe½ blh izdkj pyrk jgkA vkf[kj
vxgu dh vekoL;k ds ckn vkius nf{k.k iwoZ ds rhFkksZa dh ;k+=k dh rS;kjh
iwjh dj yhA vkf'ou 'kqnh nwt dks lar vkRek flag th] lar cyoar flag th
Kkuh] lar [kho.k flag th] lar fu'py flag th lsoknkj] lar lkgc flag th
vkfn larksa dks lkFk pyus dk vkns'k fn;k vkSj fueZy vkJe dk dke lar
eku flag th vkSj lar ukjk;.k flag th ds lqiqnZ fd;kA xk;ksa dh lsok laHkky
vkSj nw/k nqgus dk] eaFku dk vkSj ck¡Vus dk dke lar ukjk;.k flag th dks
vkSj ckdh lkjk dke lar eku flag th dks lkSai fn;kA f}rh;k ds fnu jkr
dh xkM+h ls mTtSu dks jokuk gks x,A
mTtSu esa u;k v[kkM+k mnklhu esa BgjsA unh Luku dj egkdky vkfn
vkRe lfjrk 191

izkphu eafnjksa ds n'kZu fd,A vxys fnu ueZnk unh esa Luku djds bankSj igq¡p
x,A ogk¡ /keZ'kkyk esa jkr fcrkdj vlkSt 'kqnh 9 dks lp[kaM gqtwj lkfgc
igq¡p x,A ;gk¡ ds n'kgjs dk vf}rh; esyk ns[kdj xq# egkjkt ds lc
xq#}kjksa dh ;k=k djds ;Fkk&;ksX; nsx djokbZ vkSj ek;k vjnkl djokbZA
;gk¡ vki ,d lIrkg BgjsA ;gk¡ ls bykgkckn gksdj fp=dwV dh ;k=k dhA
fp=dwV ls okil bykgkckn gksrs gq, x;k th igq¡ps] ogk¡ nk<+h okys iaMk ds
;gk¡ BgjsA mnklhu v[kkM+ksa dh ;k=k djds xaxk th esa Luku fd;kA iaMk us
vkidks lc lqfo/kk,a nh] vkius Hkh iaMk dh lsok dk lEeku iwoZd mfpr
iqjLdkj iznku fd;k] ek;k oL= vkfn ls equkflc lsok dhA cl bl izdkj
;k=k djrs gq, edj laØkafr ij xaxk lkxj igq¡p x,A ;gk¡ /;ku] Luku] nku
vkfn djds dydÙkk vk x,A ;gk¡ cM+h flD[k laxr o xq#}kjksa dh ;k=k
dhA ;gk¡ ls txUukFk] iqjh] cStukFk gksrs gq, iVuk lkfgc vk x,A ;gk¡ xq#
xksfoan flag th dh cky&yhyk LFkyh] xq#}kjk cky&yhyk ¼eS.kh laxr½ esa
egar lk/kq flag th] egar bZ'oj flag th ds ikl BgjsA vxys fnu lHkh larkas
ds lkFk Jh xksfoan ?kkV ij xaxk Luku fd;kA ykSVrs gq, xq#}kjk tUe LFkku
dk n'kZu fd;kA nsx HksVk o vjnkl djkdj okil eS.kh laxr vk x,A vxys
fnu nsx djokbZ vkSj viuh vksj ls yaxj] /kqaxuh izlkn oxSjg dh O;oLFkk
dhA lkr fnu ;gk¡ jgdj cukjl Kku xqQk vius xq# HkkbZ iafMr vorkj
flag th ds ikl vk x,A dk'kh esa lc larksa dks Kku xqQk esa HkaMkjk fn;k vkSj
lc larksa dk ek;k ls lRdkj fd;kA
iafMr vrj flag th chekj Fks] mUgsa vius 'kjhj dk Hkjkslk ugha FkkA
vr% mUgksaus vius LFkku dks vkids uke fy[k fn;kA ;gk¡ ls lh/ks du[ky
fueZy ckx vk x,A ;gk¡ ckx esa HkaMkjk djds 6 cSlk[k laor 1983 dks
okil _f"kds'k ig¡qp x,A
q
192 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 46

_f"kds'k esa xkS'kkyk esa o`f)

lar ukjk;.k flag }kjk gks jgh xÅvksa dh 'yk?kuh; lsok dks ns[kdj
ckck lkfgc cgqr izlUu gq,A cpiu esa ykijokgh ls fd, gq, dlwj vkSj
uqdlkuksa dks os fcYkdqy Hkwy x, vkSj dgk fd ukjk;.k flag dh xkS'kkyk esa
o`f) dh tk,A ,d ntZu xk;sa vkidh vkKk ls vkSj ys yh xbZaA vc vkius
bldk uke ukjk;.k xkS'kkyk j[k fn;kA vc ukjk;.k xkS'kkyk esa lÙkkou xk;sa
gks xbaZA vc xÅvksa dh lsok esa ukjk;.k dh fnypLih vkSj Hkh c<+ xbZA
buds nw/k tSls lQsn cNM+s ukjk;.k dks cgqr I;kjs yxrs FksA tc os i¡wNkas dks
mBkdj xnZuksa dks ?kqekrs gq, nkSM+rs&dwnrs rks bUgsa ns[kdj ukjk;.k vkuan
foHkksj gks tkrkA bldh izhfr&iw.kZ lsok ls larq"V xÅ&cNM+s Hkh cgqr izse
j[krs FksA bl oa'kh foghu d`".k dh eqjyh tSlh ehBh vkokt+ lqudj os nkSM+
vkrs FksA lpeqp bUgsa ;g xksdqy ds cky&d`".k tSlk I;kjk yxrk FkkA
vc pw¡fd ukjk;.k] xÅ ekrk dh lsok ds dkj.k nw/k] eD[ku vkSj eV~Bk
dk Lokeh Fkk vr% ;g dksbZ lar&fiz; u gksdj] yksd fiz; Hkh cu x;k Fkk
D;ksafd ;g lcdks vknj ds lkFk eV~Bk oxSjg nsrk FkkA >kM+h ds egkRek Hkh
;gha ls eV~Bk ¼yLlh½ ys tkrs FksA ukjk;.k dh mnkjrk] ljyrk vkSj lsok
HkfDr ds dkj.k fojDr larksa esa ukjk;.k xkS'kkyk dk uke cgqr izfl) gks x;k
Fkk vkSj ukjk;.k cu x;k Fkk lc larksa dk d`ik&ik=] isze ik=A
,d fnu dh ckr gS ukjk;.k us pk¡nh dh dVksjh esa eD[ku Hkjdj mlds
vkRe lfjrk 193

Åij byk;phnkuk vkSj pk¡nh dk odZ yxkdj ckck lkfgc dks HksaV fd;k rks
og cgqr izlUu gq, vkSj iwNk&csVk ! dqN fuR; fu;e Hkh fd;k djrk gS fd
xÅ lsok esa gh eLr jgrk gS\ ukjk;.k us dgk egkjkt FkksM+k cgqr gh dj
ikrk gw¡A fo'kky ân; ls egkjkt us dgk&csVk ! cgqr ls i'kqvksa dh lsok i'kq
lk cudj gh gks ldrh gS vr% ,d Xokyk ukSdj j[k ys vkSj mudh lsok dh
ns[kHkky fd;k djA ;kn j[k csVk ! ge rq>s i'kq ugha izR;qr euq"; ls nsork
cukuk pkgrs gSaA ;g dgrs gq, egkjkt us ve`rlj ls vius fy, e¡xk;k
gqvk lqugjh ftYn okyk lqanj xqVdk ukjk;.k dks fn;k vkSj dgk fd tiq th
lkfgc vkSj lq[keuh lkfgc dk ikB t:j dj fy;k djuk] vkSj rsjh et+hZA
xqVdk ysdj og cgqr izlUu gqvkA ukjk;.k us fouhr Hkko ls dgk&egkjkt]
vkSj vkKk\ ^egkjkt us dgk& HkkbZ vkSj dke rks dqN ughaA ge rks dy fla/k
dh vksj pys tk,axsA irk pyk gS fd iafMr jke clar flag th ifV;kyk okys
vkuan Hkou esa Jh xq#xzaFk lkfgc dh dFkk vkjaHk djus okys gSa ogk¡ tkdj
muls dFkk lqu vk;k djuk] cl rsjk Hkfo"; cu tk,xkA
q
194 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 47

fla/k dh vksj izLFkku

vxys fnu egkjkt ckck cqM~<k flag th us fla/k dh vksj izLFkku dj
fn;kA gfj}kj LVs'ku ls rkj nsdj esykjke dks djkph dh vksj vius izLFkku
dh lwpuk ns nhA xkM+h ds igq¡pus ls igys lsB psykjke vkfn HkDr tqywl dk
izca/k dj vk, FksA xkM+h ig¡qph rks t; ckck cqM~<k flag dh vkfn t;dkjksa ls
vkdk'k xw¡t mBkA 'kkunkj tqywl ds lkFk lsB esykjke ckck th dks vius
euksgj ckx ds caxys esa ys x,A
;gk¡ ds ukxfjd HkDr cgqr J)k HkfDr ls egkjkt ds n'kZu ds fy,
vkrs Fks] buesa izeq[k Fks&>EeVey] lsB jsokpan] okVqey] eq[kh xksfoanjke]
izhrenklA nhoku n;kjke tt] ekLVj [kwcpan psukuh vkfn gSnjkckn ds Fks
ij ;gk¡ ,d g¶rs ds fy, vk x, FksA
nks fnu ds ckn lRlax vkjaHk gks x;kA egkjkt chp esa fl)klu ls
iyFkh yxkdj cSB tkrsA vkl ikl dhrZu eaMyh ds lnL;x.k vius&vius
ok| ysdj cSBrs vkSj fQj lkjh laxr ;FkkØe cSB tkrhA Ms<+ nks ?kaVs ikou
xq#ok.kh dk dhrZu gksrkA ckn esa fdlh dks dksbZ loky djuk gksrk ;k
xq#ok.kh ds fdlh 'kCn dk vFkZ le>uk gksrk rks iwN ysrk] egkjkt cgqr /kS;Z
ds lkFk mÙkj nsdj larq"V dj nsrsA fdlh dks vius ?kj Hkkstu djkus dh
bPNk gksrh rks ,d fnu igys fuea=.k ns tkrkA bl izdkj yxkrkj nks eghus
;g izksxzke ¼dk;ZØe½ pyrk jgkA blds ckn gSnjkckn okys HkDr lsB
jsokpan] nknweYy vkfn vkdj gSnjkckn ys vk,A ;gk¡ Hkh blh izdkj
vkRe lfjrk 195

dhrZukfn dk dk;ZØe vkjaHk gks x;kA

chl fnu ds ckn eq[kh xksfcanjke dks lRlax esa u ns[kdj egkjkt us
iwNk&HkkbZ vkt lsB xksfoanjke ugha vk;k D;k ckr gS\ lsB ykypan us dgk
egkjkt mldk yM+dk cgqr chekj gS\ bl fpark ls og nq%[kh gSA
vPNk rks fQj Hkh mls dguk fd dy dks t#j vk;s] egkjkt us izse o'k
n`<+rk ds lkFk vkns'k fn;kA vxys fnu xksfcanjke vk;k] og cgqr mnkl
vkSj f[kUu FkkA pj.kLi'kZ dj og cSB x;kA egkjkt us iwNk D;ksa csVk cPps
dk D;k gky gS\ lsB us nnZHkjh vkokt+ esa fujk'kk O;Dr djrs gq,
dgk&egkjkt! dksbZ vk'kk ugha mlds thou dhA egkjkt us dgk fdlh cM+s
MkDVj dks cqykvks] fujk'k D;ksa gksrs gksA McMckbZ gqbZ vk¡[kksa vkSj vo#)
xys ls xksfoan us dgk&egkjkt dksbZ dlj ckdh ugha NksM+hA cM+s cM+s MkDVjksa
us t+ksj yxkdj ns[kk ij lc csdkjA fdlh dh nok us t+jk vlj ugha fd;k
vkf[kj lcus tokc ns fn;k gSA vc Jh pj.kksa esa izkFkZuk gS fd dy vHkkxs
lsod ds ?kj dks HkkX; yxk;saA lc lar yksx ogha Hkkstu ikus dh d`ik djsa
rkfd xkso/kZu dks Hkh vkids vafre n'kZu gks tk;saA bruk dgrs gq, mldk
xyk Hkj vk;k vkSj og vkxs dqN u cksy ldkA egkjkt us lkaRouk nsrs gq,
dgk /kS;Z/kkj.k djks] Hkxoku~ ije n;kyq gS mlds ?kj esa fdlh pht+ dh deh
ughaA tkvks cPpksa dks /kS;Z nks] dy ge vk,axsA mlus egkjkt ds pj.kksa ij
flj j[kkA egkjkt us dgk xq# Hkyk djsA
og egkjkt dk ¼lQy dj eLrd /kkfj;k½ vk'oklu ik dj pyk x;kA
pyrs gq, mlds ân; dh izR;sd /kM+du mls dg jgh Fkh ?kcjkrk D;ksa gS ,d
izdkj ls egkRek us vk'khZokn ns gh fn;k gS] Hkxoku~ Hkyk djsaxs] /kS;Z j[kA
mlus psykjke dh dU;k ls FkksM+k ikuh fiykus dks dgkA dU;k us BaMs ikuh dk
fxykl fn;kA og ihdj pyk rks mlds ân; dh /kM+du LokHkkfod lh gks
196 vkRe lfjrk

xbZA izfr{k.k mldk fo'okl iDdk gksrk tk jgk Fkk fd vc v'kqHk ?kM+h ugha
vk,xhA
vxys fnu izkr% egkjkt lar eaMyh lfgr xksfoanjke ds ?kj igq¡psA lsB
psykjke] ykypan vkfn HkDr Hkh vk x,A lcdks vkns'k fn;k x;k fd
[kkeks'k gksdj izHkq&fparu djsaA dqN nsj ckn xksfoan us cPps dks ykdj
egkjkt ds pj.kksa ij j[k fn;kA egkjkt us mlds eLrd ij gkFk j[kk vkSj
dgk&ikuh ykvksA xksfoan ikuh dk fxykl ys vk;kA egkjkt us mlesa ls nks
?kw¡V fi, vkSj dgk fd cPps dks fiyk nks] nks pEep ikuh cPps ds eq¡g esa Mky
fn, x,A ikuh vanj tkus dh nsj Fkh] cPps us vk¡[ksa [kksy nhaA egkjkt us
vkns'k fn;k fd bldks fcLrj ij fyVk nks vkSj nks pEep ikuh vkSj Mky
nsukA ikuh dks fxjkuk er jkr rd nsrs jgukA
cPps dks ys tkdj fcLrj ij fyVk fn;k x;k vkSj nks pEep ikuh mlds
eq[k esa vkSj Mky fn;k x;kA vc cPps us vk¡[ksa [kksyha vkSj vius ekrk&firk
dh vksj rkdus yxkA tSls mUgsa dg jgk gks fd vc fpark NksM+ nksA fpark xzLr
ek¡&cki us BaMh lk¡l yh] lc n'kZdksa ds psgjs f[ky mBsA egkjkt us dhrZu
eaMyh dks dgk&HkkbZ ! vc le; ugha jgk vc vki yksx tkvks vkSj vius
dke /ka/ks dks ns[kksA dqN nsj ckn lsB yky pan vkfn fof'k"V O;fDr;ksa ls izHkq
dh vxE; yhyk ij opu foykl gksrs jgsA brus esa ukSdj us vkdj dgk&
egkjkt Hkkstu rS;kj gSA lc larksa us Hkkstu fd;kA xksfoanjke [kqn ijksl jgk
FkkA Hkkstu gks pqdus ij xksfoanjke egkjkt dk Fkky mBkdj ys x;kA larksa ds
gkFk /kqyk,A egkjkt us Lo;a fuEufyf[kr 'kCn i<+dj vjnkl dh&
vlVinhAA
ftg izlkfn Nrhg vafezr [kkfgAA
frlq Bkdqj dm j[kq eu ekfgAA
vkRe lfjrk 197

ftg izlkfn lqxa/kr rfu ykofgAA

frl dm flejr ije xfr ikofgAA
ftg izlkfn clfg lq[k eanfjAA
frlfg f/kvkb lnk eu vanfjAA
ftg izlkfn fxzg lafx lq[k clukAA
vkB igj flejgq frlq jlukAA
ftg izlkfn jax jl HkksxAA
ukud lnk f/kvkbZ,s f/kvkou tksxAA ¼iUuk 269½
xksfoanjke us egkjkt vkSj lc larksa dks mnkjrk iwoZd nku nf{k.kk nhA
Hkkstu ikdj ckck lkfgc us cPps dks fQj ns[kk vkSj vkns'k fn;k fd bls nks
pEep nw/k fiyk nks vkSj lkFk&lkFk MkWDVj ds vkns'k vuqlkj nok Hkh fiykrs
jgukA pyrs le; egkjkt us vkxs fy[kk 'kCn i<+k&
lksjfB egyk 5AA
ijeslfj fnrk caukAA nq[k jksx dk Msjk HkaukA
vun djfg uj ukjhAA gfj gfj izfHk fdjik /kkjhAA
largq lq[kq gksvk lHk FkkbZAA
ikjczgeq iwju ijesl# jfo jfgvk lHkuh tkbZAA jgkmAA
/kqj dh ck.kh vkbZAA frfu lxyh fpar feVkbZAA
nbvky iqj[k fegjokukAA gfj ukud lkpq o[kkukAA ¼iUuk 627-28½
egkjkt bruk dg dj pys x,A J)kyq HkDr egkjkt ds vkns'kkuqlkj
ty] nw/k] nok vkfn fiykrs jgsA cPps dh gkyr /khjs&/khjs lq/kjrh xbZA
MkWDVj Hkh vkdj fo'okl fnyk x;k fd gkyr esa /khjs&/khjs lq/kkj gks jgk gSA
jkr ds vkB cts ifjokj ds lc yksx cSBs FksA cPps us fQj vk¡[ksa [kksyha] lc
dh vksj ns[kk vkSj cksyk&eEeh ! rw esjs lkFk gh lksukA cPps ds eq¡g ls ;g
vkokt+ lqu [kq'kh rks lc ds psgjs ij Nk xbZ ij ek¡ ds g"kZ dk rks fBdkuk
198 vkRe lfjrk

ugha FkkA mlds vkuan dks fy[kdj t+kfgj djus dh rkdr] fdl dh dye esa gS \
blds ckn ifjokj ds yksx dqN nsj ckrsa djrs jgs] fQj vius fcLrjksa ij
lks x,] ij ek¡ dk LoxZ rks fny ds VqdM+s dk fcNkSuk gh FkkA
xksfoan dh iRuh losjs mBhA eq¡g gkFk /kksdj pk; dk lkeku tqVkdj LVkso
ij pk; dk ikuh j[k dj cPps dh [kkV ds ikl j[kh dqlhZ ij tk cSBh] cPps
us vk¡[ksa [kksyha vkSj dgk&eEeh ! dgk¡ gks\ csVk eSa ;gha g¡w dgdj og cPps
dks xksn esa ysdj cSB xbZA ukSdj dks pk; rS;kj djus dk vkns'k fn;kA cPps
ls iwNk&csVk] dqN [kkvksxs \ mlus dgk fcLdqV] ;g lqudj ek¡ dk ân; g"kZ
ls ukp mBkA mlus ifrnso dks cqyk;k vkSj cPps dh ek¡x crkbZA xksfoanjke
us eqLdjkrs gq, dgk&vPNk] xkso/kZu fcLdqV [kk,xk\ ifjokj ds lnL;
bdV~Bs gkss x,A xkso/kZu dks nw/k] fcLdqV [kkrs ns[kdj lc ds eq[keaMy g"kZ ls
f[ky mBsA blds ckn MkWDVj cqyk;k x;kA MkWDVj us LVSFksLdksi yxkdj
ns[kk] vkSj psgjs dk jax&<ax ns[kdj dgk&lsB lkgc ! eS vc csfQØ gw¡ vki
Hkh fpark NksM+ nsaA
blds ckn lcus feydj pk; ihA MkWDVj dks fonkdj xksfoanjke Qyksa
dh Vksdjh ysdj egkjkt ds ikl x;k vkSj pj.kksa esa ueLdkj djds cSB
x;kA mlds psgjs ij [kq'kh ds fpUg ns[kdj egkjkt us iwNk&dgks D;k gky
gS\ xksfoan lsB us gkFk tksM+dj dgk&
vVy cpuq ukud xqj rsjk lQy d# eLkrfd /kkfj;kAA ¼iUuk 621½
izlUurk O;Dr djrs gq, egkjkt us dgk&xq# ukud nso dh c['kh'ksa
rqEgkjs Åij lnk cjlrh jgsaxhA ;g vk'khokZn ikdj lsB us gkFk tksM+dj
fouhr Hkko ls dgk egkjkt ! cPps dh iwjh ranq#Lrh ij Jh pj.kksa esa gkft+j
gksdj v[kaM ikB djkÅaxkA bl ladYi dh lQy iwfrZ ds fy, oj nsus dh
d`ik djsaA egkjkt us dgk&,d ladYi ugha rsjs lc 'kqHk ladYi iwjs gksaxsA
;g dgdj egkjkt us dhrZu tRFks dks HkstkA q
vkRe lfjrk 199

rjax 48

Jh xq# xzaFk lkfgc dh dFkk

ihNs ge lar ukjk;.k flag th dk ft+Ø dj vk, gSaA vkuan Hkou
_f"kds'k esa iafMr jke olar flag th ifV;kyk okyksa us Jh xq# xzaFk lkgc dh
dFkk izkjaHk dh FkhA ckck cqM~<k flag th dh vkKk ls ukjk;.k flag th iafMr
jke clar flag th ls i<+us yx x, FksA iafMr th budh lsok lknxh ljyrk
vkfn xq.kksa ls cgqr izlUu FksA ;g iafMr th dks Luku Hkh Lo;a djok;k djrs
FksA viuh xkS'kkyk ls nw/k&ngh dh lsok Hkh djrs FksA blfy, os ukjk;.k flag
th ls iq=or Lusg j[krs FksA bUgsa pyrs ?kwers fQjrs Hkh dfBu 'kCnksa ds vFkZ
crkrs jgrs Fks] ukjk;.k flag th dks vkius dFkk Hkk"k.k esa mi;ksxh cgqr ls
'yksd fy[kkdj daBLFk djok fn, FksA blesa Lkansg ugha fd ukjk;.k flag th
lar vkRek flag th dh rjg budk lRdkj djrs Fks vkSj bu ij fo|k nkrk
xq# Hkkouk Hkh FkhA Ng ekl fujarj v/;;u fd;k vkSj Ng ekl esa gh xq#
xzaFk lkfgc dh dFkk lekIr dj nh FkhA
gfj}kj ds dqaHk ij
dFkk lekIr djds vki lu~ 1927 ¼lEor~ 1984½ ds dqaHk ij fueZy
v[kkM+k dh Nkouh esa pys x, FksA lar vkRek flag th dh vkKk ls lar
ukjk;.k flag th gfj}kj esa iafMr th dh lsok esa jgsA bl volj ij iafMr
jke clar th dks egkjktk ifV;kyk dh vksj ls cqykok vk x;kA budh
fu;qfDr jkt dqekjksa dks i<+kus es yx xbZ Fkh vr% os ifV;kyk pys x, vkSj
ukjk;.k flag th okil _f"kds'k vk x, vkSj vkdj fQj xkS'kkyk dh lsok
200 vkRe lfjrk

laHkky yhA cM+s egkjkt vkSj lar vkRek flag th Hkh _f"kds'k vk x,A
fueZy vkJe esa HkhM+
gfj}kj ds lc ;k=h Hkh fueZy vkJe esa vk x, FksA ;gk¡ lar eku flag
th dk fouez LoHkko] lsok laHkky vkfn ln~xq.kksa ls lc yksx izHkkfor gq,A
lc ls NksVs lar ukjk;.k flag th us bu lc ;kf=;ksa dss lkFk tkdj y{e.k
>wyk] dSykl vkJe] LoxkZJe vkSj >kM+h tgk¡ lu~ 1914 esa xaxk dh ck<+ esa
nks lkS lk/kq cg x, Fks fn[kk,A buds ehBs crkZo vkSj nw/k pk; vkfn dh lsok
ls] ckck ds lkeus lcus rkjhQ dhA lar vkRek flag th rks buls izse j[krs
gh FksA vc ckck cqM~<k flag th ds Hkh ;s iz/kku Lusg ik= cu x, FksA lc
;kf=;ksa us ;gk¡ ls pyrs le; egkjkt ls fou; dh] fd egkjkt! vki fla/k
vkvks rks lar vkRek flag th vkSj lar ukjk;.k flag th dks t:j lkFk ysdj
vkukA
iqu% iBu ikBu dk /;ku
;kf=;ksa ds pys tkus ls fueZy vkJe [kkyh lk ¼'kwU; lk½ yxus yxk&
egkjkt us lcls dgk&mnkl D;ksa gksrs gks] Hkxoku us rqEgsa i<+s gq, ln~xzaFkksa
dks iqu% fopkjus ds fy, lqanj le; iznku fd;k gSA vr% ifBr xzaFkksa dk
euu djksA bl rjg rqEgkjh mnklh Hkh nwj gksxh vkSj 'kkL= Kku esa
ifjiDork Hkh vk,xhA lar ukjk;.k flag th ls dgk& csVk! rqe xq# xzaFk
lkfgc ds vFkksZa dks iqu% fopkjksA tgk¡ lansg gks gels iwN fy;k djksA ;kn
j[kks le; dks O;FkZ x¡okuk gh ew[kZrk gS vkSj le; ls mfpr ykHk mBkuk gh
cqf)eÙkk dh fu'kkuh gSA bl izdkj lc larksa dks izHkq&fparu vkSj ln~xzaFkksa ds
euu djus esa izo`Ùk djkdj egkjkt fla/k tkuk eqYroh djds vius xq# HkkbZ
egar d`".k flag th ls feyus ve`rlj pys x,A os chekj FksA tc dqN LoLFk
gq, rks vki iqu% fueZyckx du[ky esa vk x,A blh lky lar fuDdk flag
th egkjkt vkSj lar nsok flag th vkfn egkjkt ds f'k"; gq, FksA
q
vkRe lfjrk 201

rjax 49

1. fueZy vkJe _f"kds'k dh tehu igys egar jkejRu nkl th Hkjr

eafnj _f"kds'k ls nokeh iV~Vk ij rkjh[k 2-12-1890 esa lar uRFkk flag
psyk lar ukjk;.k flag th fueZy lk/kq _f"kds'k us yh FkhA jdck 25 t+jc
¼xq.kk½ 25 xt+ ¼25x25=625 xt+½
2. nwljh ckj lkFk yxrh tehu 25 xt+ t+jc 20 xt+ egar jkejRu nkl
Hkjr eafnj _f"kds'k ls rk0 25-4-1905 esa lar eaxy flag th psyk lar
lkSnkxj flag th lk/kq fueZy _f"kds'k us iV~Vk nokeh ij yh FkhA bl le;
lar uRFkk flag th okyh t+ehu Hkh lar eaxy flag th ds dCts esa vk pqdh
FkhA bl le; ;g laifÙk fueZy vkJe mQZ uRFkk flag dk ckM+k ds uke ls
e'kgwj gks xbZ FkhA
3. rk0 12-8-1910 dks lar eaxy flag psyk lar lkSnkxj flag us ,d
bdjkjukek ds vuqlkj ;g tk;nkn egar cqM~<k flag th psys lar ckck /keZ
flag th ds izca/k esa ns nh tks igys ls gh fueZy vkJe ds izca/k esa 'kjhd FksA
fueZy ckx dh t+ehu
vkJe fuekZ.k ds fopkj ls ckck cqM~<k flag th us fueZyckx du[ky
dh t+ehu rkjh[k 28-6-1911 dks Jheku~ egar fugky flag th psyk egar
vkRek flag th fueZy lk/kq ls [kjhnhA mlesa dksBh cuokbZ vkSj ckx
yxok;kA ckx ds ikl esa py jgs jktckgs ij ?kkV 1933 bZloh esa cuok;kA
q
202 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 50

eq[kh xksfoanjke dk v[kaM ikB ds fy, vkuk

lu~ 1928 dh ckr gSA eghuk 'kk;n vkf'ou dk FkkA eq[kh xksfoanjke
ftldk yM+dk xkso/kZu] ftldh vlk/; chekjh dk ftØ igys vk pqdk gS]
vk;kA mlus vius ok;ns vuqlkj fueZy vkJe _f"kds'k esa v[kaM ikB
djok;kA bl ikB esa Kkuh cyoar flag th] lar ;'koar flag th tks vktdy
vo/kwr ds uke ls izfl) gaaS vkSj gtkjk xzke ftyk tkya/kj esa jgrs gSa rFkk
ys[kd Hkh ml v[kaM ikB esa 'kkfey FksA egkjkt us 15-20 feuV lqanj
Hkk"k.k Hkh fd;kA nl&nl #0 vkSj ,d&,d dacy ikfB;ksa dks HksVk fd;kA
iDdk HkaMkjk fn;k x;kA mldk ifjokj Hkh lkFk FkkA
mlus ns[kk fd vkJe lqanj cuk gqvk gS] blesa dqN viuh fu'kkuh Hkh
cuokuh pkfg,A og nwljh Nr ij x;k rks ns[kk fd Nr cgqr pkSM+h gS] bl
ij egkjkt ds fy, [kqyk lqanj pkSckjk cukuk pkfg,A lks egkjkt ls fou;
djds mUgsa blds fy, jkth dj fy;kA mlus fQj lu~ 1930 esa vkdj bls
rS;kj djok;kA ;g Lej.kh; gS fd blds Q'kZ ds fy, Vk;y nks fdLe dh
fla/k gh ls ysdj vk;k FkkA bls rS;kj djok dj egkjkt dk vklu blh esa
yxok dj egkjkt dh iw.kZ izlUurk ysdj x;k FkkA
,d cgqr iqjkuh ckr lu~ 1929 ds iz;kx ds dqaHk esyk dh gSA ml dqaHk
esyk ij egkeaMys'oj Lokeh xaxs'ojkuan th }kjk fyf[kr iqLrd&JkSreqfu
pfjrke`r esa fy[kh dqN ckrksa dks ysdj mnklhu vkSj laU;klh egkRekvksa esa
vkRe lfjrk 203

dVqdyg ¼dVq&fookn½ mRiUu gks xbZ] ftlds dkj.k ijLij fuEudksfV dh

b'rgkj ckth tkjh gks xbZ FkhA blesa ,d fueZy lk/kq iafMr dY;k.k flag th
dk Hkh lg;ksx FkkA bu esa ls ,d nks b'rgkj tc vkidks fn[kk, x, rks
vkius cgqr nq%[k euk;k vkSj iafMr dY;k.k flag th dks dgk fd bu
b'rgkjksa ls ykHk rks fdlh dks gksxk ugha] ij gkfu leLr lk/kq&lekt dh
gksxhA lk/kq&lekt dh mTToy dhfrZ ij vfeV dkfyek iqr tk,xhA pw¡fd
vkidk laidZ nksuksa laiznk;ksa ds lk/kqvksa ds lkFk gS] vki gekjh vksj ls Lokeh
t;sanziqjh ,oa Lokeh xaxs'ojkuan th ds ikl izkFkZuk dhft, fd bl fuanuh;
dk;Z dks ;gha lekIr dj nhft, ojuk bldk nq"ifj.kke ,slk Hk;adj gksxk fd
vkSj nqfu;k rks jgh nj fdukj lk/kq lekt dh Hkkoh ihf<+;ka Hkh bl ygj ds
lapkyd larksa dk vi;'k xk;k djsaxhA dY;k.k flag th ds }kjk Hksts gq, bl
'kqHk lans'k dks mDr nksuksa egkiq#"kksa us eku fy;k vkSj bl d`R; esa layXu
larksa dks bls can dj nsus ds fy, ck/; fd;k vkSj ;g ogha lekIr gks x;kA
lk/kq&lekt esa vkids bl dk;Z dh cgqr gh iz'kalk dh xbZ FkhA
bUgha fnuksa dh ckr gS&vkius vius LFkku Kku&xqQk ls dk'kh esa fueZy
lar lekt dks HkaMkjk fn;k FkkA lc larksa dks /ku nf{k.kk nhA bl volj ij
egar lruke flag th psrueB folslj xat dk'kh okys Hkh i/kkjs FksA pw¡fd
egar lruke flag dks bl xn~nh ij cSBkus okys vki gh izeq[k O;fDr FksA
blfy, lruke flag th ij vkidk fo'ks"k vf/kdkj FkkA ml le; vkius
egar lruke flag dks cgqr mÙke vkSj fgrdj mins'k fn;k FkkA og ;g fd
ns[kks lRkuke flag! ;s lar tks rqEgkjs eB esa i<+rs gSa buds lkFk egt ¼dsoy
ek=½ ,d lk/kkj.k lk/kq le> dj O;ogkj er djuk D;ksafd buesa ls fdrus
rks vius xq#&LFkkuksa esa tkdj rqEgkjs tSls vkSj dqN rqe ls Hkh cM+s egar
204 vkRe lfjrk

cusaxs vkSj dqN fo}ku~ eaMys'oj cu tk,axs ftudk xkSjo egarksa ls Hkh
vf/kd gksrk gSA vr% rqe vHkh ls buds lkFk buds Hkkoh in ds vuqdwy
ln~crkZo djukA blls rqEgkjk ;gk¡ Hkh ;'k gksxk Hks"k esa izfr"Bk c<+sxh vkSj
py jgs dsl eqdnek esa Hkh lgk;rk feysxhA ij ;g nqHkkZX; Fkk lruke flag
th dk fd os bl ij vey u dj lds] /khjs&/khjs lk/kq Hkh eB ls fudy x,A
dsl ¼eqdnek½ Hkh gkj x, vkSj vkf[kj lruke flag ml jkt&flagklu dks
NksM+dj vKkr LFkkuksa esa Qdhjksa tSlh ftanxh clj djus ij etcwj gq,A
'kk;n egkiq#"kksa dh vkKk mYya?ku djus dk nq"ifj.kke gh Fkk ;gA
bl le; lar vkRek flag th Hkh lkFk vk, gq, FksA mUgsa vkius vkns'k
fn;k fd LFkku dks vkSj c<+kdj ,slk cukvks fd nks&rhu larksa ds jgus ds
;ksX; cu tk, vkSj fdjk;s ds edku ds lkFk mldk tjk Hkh laidZ u jg
tk,A lks vkxs pydj lar vkRek flag th us mls bruk lqanj vkSj mi;ksxh
cuk fn;k fd mldh dYiuk Lo;a ckck cqM~<k flag th dks Hkh ugha FkhA blh
lokZax lqanj LFkku esa jgdj gh iafMr vtqZu flag th fHk{kq loZ 'kkL=ksa ds
ikjaxr fo}ku~ cusA fojDr f'kjksef.k iafMr fuDdk flag th us Hkh dqN fnu
;gha jgdj laLd`r dk v/;;u fd;k FkkA
q
vkRe lfjrk 205

rjax 51

olh;rukek
vDlj ns[kus esa ;gh vkrk gS fd tks lar&egar vius thoudky esa
vius LFkku dk mfpr izca/k ugha djrs ;kuh ;ksX; mÙkjkf/kdkjh fu;r ugha
dj tkrs mu LFkkuksa dh cckZnh gksrh gSA dsl ¼eqdnesa½ py tkrs gSaA
eqdnekckt+h esa laifÙk rks u"V gksrh gh gS lkFk gh xq#Hkkb;ksa esa vkSj vU;kU;
egarksa&larksa esa Hkh nq'euh gks tkrh gSaA lekt&fojks/kh rRo uktk;t+ Qk;nk
mBkrs gSaA
egar cqM~<k flag th egkjkt mu bus&fxus nwjn'khZ egkiq#"kksa esa ,d Fks
ftUgksaus viuh rst+ utjksa ls ij[k fy;k Fkk fd dkSu lk ;ksX;re f'k";
mÙkjkf/kdkjh fu;r fd;k tk,] rkfd vkJe }kjk lar lekt dh o vH;kxr
vfrfFk vkfn dh leqfpr lsok gksrh jgsA bUgha ckrksa dk /;ku j[kdj egar
ckck cqM~<k flag th egkjkt us 12 tqykbZ lu~ 1928 esa lar vkRek flag th
ds uke olh;r djok nh FkhA blds ckn 2 Qjojh lu~ 1931 dks Jheku
egar cqM~<k flag th us lar vkRek flag th dks _f"kds'k ds izfl) LFkku
fueZykJe dk egar fu;qDr dj fn;k FkkA bl mRlo esa nwj&nwj ds egar] lar
vkSj egar lkfgc ds izfl) fla/kh lsod lfEefyr gq, FksA nLrkjcanh dh
jLe dh xbZ vkSj lcds lEekukFkZ le"Vh HkaMkjk fd;k FkkA
blds vUkarj 23 twu lu~ 1933 esa ,d VªLVukek lar vkRek flag th
ds uke fd;k FkkA mlesa cgqr&lh =qfV;ka Fkha] ckn ds vuqHko ls Kkr gqvk fd
;g izca/k gkfudkjd gSA ml esa dqN ,sls rRo 'kkfey gks x, Fks ftuls Hkfo";
esa gkfu gksus dh vk'kadk Fkh vkSj mls xq#HkkbZ vkSj Lo;a egar vkRek flag th
206 vkRe lfjrk

Hkh ilan u djrs FksA ;gk¡ rd fd Lo;a egar vkRek flag th us Li"V dg
fn;k Fkk fd bl VªLVukek ds vuqlkj eq>ls egarh dh lsok ugha gks ldsxh]
fdlh vU; xq#HkkbZ dks ;g lsok laHkky nh tk, rks cgqr vPNk gksxkA blds
vykok egar ckck cqM~<k flag th ds fny esa Hkh ;g ckr cSB xbZ fd blesa
[kkfe;ka gSa ftudh otg ls gekjs ckn eqdnekr pyus dk vans'kk gSA vr%
nksckjk 25 flrEcj lu~ 1934 dks loZlEefr ls olh;r egar vkRek flag
th ds uke dh xbZ ftlesa ik¡p xq#&Hkkb;ksa dh desVh cuk nh xbZA os xq#HkkbZ
fuEufyf[kr gSa&
1. lar fuDdk flag th 4. lar djrkj flag th
2. lar eku flag th 5. lar bZ'oj flag th
3. lar cyoUr flag th
mDr olh;r ij uhps fy[ks ekuuh; egarksa&larksa dh xokgh gS&
gLrk{kj 1. Lo;a egar ckck cqM~<k flag th egkjktA 2. egar lk/kw flag
th] du[kyA 3. egar dsgj flag th lsØsVjh fueZy iapk;rh v[kkM+k]
du[kyA 4. calhyky vthZ uohlA 5. egar vkRek flag th] _f"kds'kA
6. egar v#M+ flag thA 7. lar fu'py flag thA 8. lar djrkj flag thA
9. lar fuDdk flag thA 10. lar eku flag thA 11. lar cyoarflag th]
_f"kds'kA
mi;qZDr olh;r o VªLVhukek ds vuqlkj egar vkRek flag th egar
fu;r gq, vkSj 36-37 o"kZ egarh in dks vyad`r djrs jgs vkSj viuh
vlk/kkj.k ;ksX;rk ,oa fu"dke lsok ls vkJe dks mUufr ds f'k[kj ij
ig¡qpk;kA
vkxs Lo;a egar vkRek flag th }kjk rS;kj fd;k ,sfrgkfld [kjM+k tks
mUgksaus ekLVj xq#nsoflag th ch-,- ds gkFk ls fy[kok;k Fkk] mlh dks dqN
ifjorZu] lao/kZu vkSj ifjektZu ds lkFk fy[kk tk,xkA uksV % ge viuh
vkRe lfjrk 207

vksj ls dksbZ uohu ?kVuk dk mYys[k ugha djsaxsA ¼xzaFk ys[kd½

Ekgkiq#"kksa ds ân;&ljksoj esa mÙkeksÙke rjax mBrh jgrh gS tks
ftKklqtuksa ds tUe&tUekarjh; euksey dks /kks Mkyrh gSA pw¡fd egar ckck
cqM~<k flag th egkjkt vc vfr o`) gks pqds Fks] ij muds ân;lkxj esa
ifo= rjaXkekyk mBrh gh jgrh Fkh] ml rjaXkekyk dh ,d ikoure ygjh
;g Fkh& 1933 esa tc ¼Jh xq#nso egar cqM~<k flag th egkjkt½ gSnjkckn
fla/k ls okil vk, rks du[ky vkSj _f"kds'k esa gh jgus yxsA rc muds
fo'kky ân;lkxj esa Jh xq# xzaFk lkfgc th dh dFkk nksuksa LFkkuksa _f"kds'k
,oa du[ky esa djokus dh vR;qÙke ladYi #ih fueZy rjax mRiUu gqbZA bl
'kqHk&ladYi dks ewrZ:i nsus ds fy, Kkuh cyoar flag th dks [kpZ nsdj
17-12-33 dks dFkk fo'ks"kK Kkuh lar ljksoj flag th dks cqykus ds fy,
ve`rlj HkstkA mUgkasus bls lg"kZ Lohdkj fd;k vkSj 1-1-34 dks _f"kds'k
fueZykJe esa dFkk vkjaHk dj nhA Kku fiiklq lar&egkRek vkSj izseh HkDr
vf/kd la[;k esa vkdj dFkk Jo.k djus yxsA Kkuh th us ;g dFkk bruh
lqjhyh vkokt vkSj eueksgd <ax ls dh fd lc Jksrkx.k lqudj vfr
izlUu gq,A Qyr% fnukuqfnu Jksrk c<+rs gh x,A bl izdkj Jh 108
egkjkt }kjk izokfgr bl Kku ljksoj esa Luku dj vf/kdkf/kd lar vkSj
HkDrtuksa us ykHk izkIr fd;kA
blds ckn egkjkt ds vkns'kkuqlkj viSzy 1935 dks du[ky fueZy
ckx esa dFkk dk vkjaHk gqvkA xq#nso ¼egkjkt½ th ds lkFk lar&egkRek rFkk
HkDr yksx tks _f"kds'k esa dFkk lqurs Fks] os lHkh ;gk¡ du[ky esa vkdj
J)kiwoZd dFkk Jo.k djus yxsA Jh xq# xzaFk lkfgc dh bl dFkk dh
ifjlekfIr Hkknksa lqnh 1 laor~ 1991 rnuqlkj 11 flracj lu~ 1935 dks
gqbZ] cgqr Hkkjh mRlo euk;k x;k] HkaMkjk fd;k x;k vkSj Kkuh ljksoj flag
th dh 500 #0 iwtk lg lRdkj dh xbZA
q
208 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 52

HkkbZ ukjk;.knkl iatkch ds ân; esa egkjkt dh lsok djus dh rhoz

bPNk FkhA blds fy, mUgkasus egkjkt dks ys tkus ds fy, ewypan dks HkstkA
30-11-34 dks psyk iafMr vtqZu flag th] lkgc flag th] nsok flag th]
djrkj flag th lkFk FksA ve`rlj esa Bgj dj ogk¡ ds xq#}kjksa ds n'kZu
djus ykgkSj pys x,A ykgkSj esa tsBhekbZ ds ;gk¡ BgjsA ;gk¡ ls Kkuh cyoar
flag th vkKk ysdj Kkuh ljksoj flag th dh dFkk lquus ds fy;s 'kgtho.ks
pys x,A djrkj flag th cukjl pys x,A egkjkt us lar eku flag th dks
_f"kds'k ls cqyk fy;kA mudks lkFk ysdj djkph igq¡p x,A djkph LVs'ku
ij izsehtuksa ds lkFk lsB ukjk;.k nkl fe;kuh eksVj ij cSBkdj vius ?kj
ys x,A isze ls lsok djus yxsA lRlax vkjaHk fd;k x;kA cgqr iszehtuksa us
lRlax ls ykHk mBk;kA blh izdkj gSnjkckn] f'kdkjiqj rFkk vV~Vs&BV~Vs dh
laxr us Hkh cgqr lsok dhA
1934 dks eqD[kh Bgaxkey fourh dj gSnjkckn ys x,A vius ?kj esa
j[kdj cgqr lsok lqJw"kk dh vkSj lRlax dk ykHk mBk;kA ;gk¡ ls lar lkgc
flag tks egkjkt dh lsok djrk Fkk] ds okil vkus ij lsok dk lkSHkkX; lar
nsok flag th dks feykA lsB yNeu nkl lsok djus dh Hkkouk ls lc larksa
lfgr egkjkt dks f'kdkjiqj ys x;kA }kjdknkl ftldk dhrZu cgqr vPNk
Fkk] mlus lar eaMyh ds lkFk jgdj dhrZu djus dh vkKk ek¡xhA vkKk fey
tkus ij mlus dhrZu djuk vkjaHk dj fn;kA blds dhrZu ls egkjkt ds
;'k dks vkSj Hkh pkj&pk¡n yx x,A n'kZuksa ds fy, izsehtu fu;fer fuR;
vkRe lfjrk 209

vkrs jgsA Jh xq#nso th izsehtuksa dh lsok ls cgqr izlUu gq,A lcdks

'kqHkk'khokZn nsdj okil ykgkSj vk x,A ;gk¡ dh laxr dks vk'khokZn nsdj
11-4-35 dks du[ky ig¡qp x,A dqN fnu ;gk¡ jgdj _f"kds'k vk x,A
egkjkt tc gSnjkckn esa Fks rHkh HkkbZ thoujke dksyacks okys us vius
csVs xksfoanjke dh 'kknh esa vkdj tksM+h dks vk'khokZn nsus ds fy, izkFkZuk dh
FkhA vr% 'kknh esa mifLFkr gksus ds fy, egkjkt fookg ls igys ebZ esa
gSnjkckn fla/k ig¡qp x,A ogk¡ tkdj xksfoanjke ds caxys ij BgjsA buds
igq¡pus ls 2-3 fnu igys uoyjk; bZ'ojnkl dk nsgkolku gks x;k FkkA
bUgksaus cgqr isze ls egkjkt dh lsok dh FkhA
isywjke vk'kk flag la?ks us ru&eu&/ku ls lsok dhA egkjkt th us
uoyjk; ds ifjokj dks /kS;Z iznku fd;k vkSj Hkxoku dh vkKk dks] izHkq ds
izR;sd fo/kku dks lg"kZ Lohdkj djus dk mins'k fn;kA crk;k fd lnk uke
tirs jgks] lnkRekvksa dh lsok djrs jgksA bl rjg rqEgkjh vkRek dks lHkh
rjg ls 'kkafr feysxhA
q
210 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 53

fookg ij egkjkt us tksM+h dks fljksiko rFkk lkSHkkX;oku~ gksus dk

vk'khokZn fn;kA tSlk fd HkkbZ thoujke us igys ladYi fd;k Fkk fd fookg
esa ngst dk tks Hkh /ku feysxk mls egkjkt dh lsok esa viZ.k dj nwaxkA
vkB gtkj #Ik;k ngst esas feyk] fookg esa dsoy 330 #Ik;s [kpZ gq, Fks] lks
[kpZ dkV dj 7670 #Ik;s egkjkt ds pj.kksa esa viZ.k dj fn,A
izsehtuksa ds izkFkZuk djus ij fd ;gk¡ Hkh xq#th dk LFkku gksuk pkfg,]
egkjkt us lkjh jde HkDrtuksa dks lkSai nhA bl jde ls tehu ns[kdj ,d
IykV [kjhnk x;k tks 4800 pkSjkl QqV Fkk ftldk 1-75 #0 izfr QqV dh
nj ls 8400 #0 cukA Hkwfe gfjHkkbZ xs#ey dh FkhA vr% ckr iDdh gksus
ij 10-5-35 dks 500 #0 is'kxh ns fn;k rFkk ckdh /ku 7950 jftLVªh ds
fnu 29-6-35 dks fn, x,A egkjkt dqN fnu gSnjkckn jgdj ykgkSj rFkk
ve`rlj gksrs gq, du[ky vk x,A dqN fnu ;gk¡ jgdj elwjh pys x,A
;gk¡ MkW izdk'k ls nk¡r yxok,A 10-7-35 dks du[ky okil vk,A ;gk¡
vkdj xq#pj.k flag dks f'keyk rkj fn;k fd ge 26-7-35 dks f'keys
igq¡p jgs gaSA vackyk gksrs gq, 27-7-35 dks f'keyk ig¡qpsA 1-10-35 rd
xq#pj.k flag ds ikl jgdj dkydk esy ls ve`rlj ig¡qpsA izhrenkl ds
ikl fla/kh /keZ'kkyk esa BgjsA xq#}kjksa dh ;k=k dhA ckck cdkyk ds rkykc
dh /ku jkf'k }kjk iwtk dhA dqN fnu ve`rlj jgdj ykgkSj pys x,A ogk¡
fd'kupan MsVh ekbZ ds ikl 29-10-35 rd BgjsA budh iwtk&lsok Lohdkj
dj 30-10-35 dks djkph ds fy, jokuk gq,A 18-12-35 dks djkph ls
vkRe lfjrk 211

gSnjkckn vk, vkSj tks Hkwfe [kjhnh Fkh ml ij VªLV cuk;k vkSj jftLVªh
VªLV ds uke djk nhA ;g dk;Z 27-12-35 dks fd;k x;kA gSnjkckn ls
ykgkSj vk, vkSj ;gk¡ ls 30-12-35 dks cukjl ds fy, jokuk gks x,A
dk'kh esa vius LFkku Kku&xqQk esa BgjsA larksa dks HkaMkjk fn;k vkSj dqN fnu
;gk¡ BgjsA
q
212 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 54

lu~ 1936
edj laØkafr] ek?k ekl esa bykgkckn esa Hkkjh esyk yxrk gSA vr%
bykgkckn dh v)Z dqaHkh ds ifo= ioZ ij egkjkt 12-1-36 dks ogk¡ igq¡psA
xaxk&rhj ij 'khr vf/kd gksus ds dkj.k vki fdjk;s ij edku ysdj 'kgj
esa BgjsA egkjkt ds lkFk ok/kqey dksyacks okys] lsok flag FkkÅey]
fd'kupan rFkk jke vius firk rFkk /keZiRuh ds lkFk FkkA HkDr vkSj lar&
egkRek vf/kd la[;k esa Luku djus vk, FksA fueZy iapk;rh v[kkM+ksa us
le"Vh HkaMkjk fd;k ftldk dqy [kpkZ 443 #- 5 vkus gqvkA 101 #- esa
v[kkM+s dh iwtk dhA blds vfrfjDr 20-1-36 dks v[kkM+k dks pk¡nh dk
,d cM+k Fkky HksaV fd;k ftl ij egkjkt dk uke [kqnk gqvk gSA 1936 ds
v)ZdqaHk esyk ij dqy [kpZ 729 #- gqvkA lsB Vksiunkl dh izkFkZuk ij
24-1-36 dks bykgkckn ls pydj ckck th dydÙkk igq¡psA 25-1-36 dks
lRlax esa cgqr lqanj mins'kksa ls Hkjiwj Hkk"k.k fn;kA dydÙkk ls 15-2-36
dks pydj 16-2-36 dks y[kuÅ igq¡ps vkSj lsB Vgy jke ds ;gk¡ BgjsA
20-2-36 dks du[ky okil vk x,A dqN fnu du[ky esa fuokl dj
izsfe;ksa ds cqykus ij djkph pys x, A ve`rlj gksrs gq, ykgkSj esa fd'kupan
ds ?kj BgjsA vxys fnu djkph pys x,A djkph esa dslqey ds ikl BgjsA
djkph ls gSnjkckn x,A gSnjkckn esa edku dh uhao j[kuh FkhA ;gk¡ 25-5-
36 rd Bgj dj HkDrtuksa dh lsok&HkfDr ls izlUu gksdj okil du[ky
vkRe lfjrk 213

vk x,A ;gk¡ ls elwjh x,A bUgha fnuksa Vksiunkl dh csVh dk fookg FkkA
fnYyh ds jke pan yhykjke ds csVs ls 'kknh gqbZA egkjkt us tksM+h dks
fpjathoh gksus dk vk'khokZn fn;kA elwjh esa 27-5-36 dks 285 #- dk
fjD'kk fy;kA bl ij cSBdj ckgj ?kwek djrs FksA elwjh ls okil _f"kds'k
du[ky esa jgdj fQj izsfe;ksa ds cqykus ij 9-9-36 dks djkph ig¡qpsA
fd'kupan HkEeh ekbZ ds ;gk¡ jgsA ;gk¡ ls gSnjkckn djkph rFkk f'kdkjiqj
vkfn esa HkDrksa dh Hkkouk iwjh dj mins'k ve`riku djkdj 31-3-37 dks
okil ykgkSj vk x,A 3-4-37 dks du[ky ig¡qpsA dqN fnu ;gk¡ jgdj
20-5-37 dks elwjh x,A HkkbZ nkSyrjke tsBkekbZ us J)k&HkfDr ls cgqr
lsok dhA egkjkt ds LokLF; ds fy, MkWDVj dks caxys esa cqykrs jgsA dqN fnu
ds ckn og egkjkt ds lkFk du[ky vk x,A MkWDVj nqcs ls bykt djkrs jgs
ijarq budh nokvksa dk lsgr ij dqN izHkko u iM+kA vr% cksl ckcw vkfn
vU; MkWDVjksa ls bykt djk;kA oS| jke Lo:i ls Hkh fpfdRlk djkbZ] exj
dksbZ ykHk u gqvkA LokLF; izfrfnu fxjrk gh x;kA egkjkt ds lsod&psys
lHkh ekStwn Fks vkSj izse ls lsok djrs FksA vafre 'okl rd uke tirs jgsA
dksbZ nq%[k&nnZ eglwl ugha fd;kA /khjs&/khjs LokLFk; fxjrk x;kA var esa
vlkSt onh X;kjg lk;a vkB ctdj iSarhl feuV ij vikj lalkj lkxj ls
ikj mrj x,A
q
214 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 55

feV x, xou ik, foJke

egkjkt ds 'kkar 'kjhj dks Lukukfn ls LoPN ifo= djds fl)klu
yxkdj nhokj ds lgkjs cSBk;k x;kA vk¡[ksa&eq¡g igys gh ls can Fks] ekuks
lekf/k yxkdj cSBs gq, FksA izsehtuksa dks dydÙkk] djkph] dksyacks]
ve`rlj] ykgkSj] gSnjkckn] cacbZ vkfn esa rkj fn, x, FksA os lc le; ij
mifLFkr gks x,A nhoku psrujke] fd'kupan viuh iRuh ds lkFk] Vksiunkl
ve`rlj ls] izhrenkl vkSj cgqr ls izsehtu vafre n'kZuksa ds fy, vk x,
FksA lar eku flag th] Kkuh cyoar flag th] lar nsok flag th] [khou flag
th] djrkj flag th fojDr] fuDdk flag th] lar fu'py flag th] lar
bZ'oj flag th] ykHk flag th] iafMr vtqZu flag th lsok esa gkft+j FksA
egkjkt th ds ijyksd xeu dk lekpkj _f"kds'k esa larksa dks igq¡pk;k x;kA
lqcg ykjh }kjk mUgsa du[ky esa yk;k x;kA
ftm ty efg tyq vkb [kVkukAA
frm tksrh lafx tksfr lekukAA ¼iUuk 278½
xqjeqf[k tue lokfj njxg pfyvkAA
lph njxg tkb lpk fiM efy;kAA
HkkbZ xq#nkl th ije iwT; Jh xq#nso th ds vLoLFk gksus ij gSnjkckn
fla/k ls nhoku psrujke fxnokuh] fd'kupan] ds- lh- daiuh okys] MsVh ekbZ]
Jh Vksiunkl dydÙkss okys] lsB izhrenkl v`erlj okys rFkk lar&egkRek
,oa lsoh ln~x`gLFk Jh egkjkt th ds ifo= pj.kksa ds n'kZu djus ds fy,
gkft+j gks x, FksA {kf.kd vLoLFk jgdj xq#nso th vlkSt onh X;kjg
,dkn'kh rnuqlkj 30 flrEcj 1937 dks lk;adky vkB ctdj iSarhl
vkRe lfjrk 215

feuV ij lar&egkRekvkssa rFkk ln~ x`gLFkksa ls izlUu gks mUgsa uke dh efgek
lquk o lq[kh thou fcrkus dk vk'khokZn nsdj ijczã esa yhu gks x,A T;ksfr
tksr lek x,A ln~x`gLFk cgqr nq[kh gq,A mUgsa /kS;Z fn;k x;kA
vkf'ou onh }kn'kh] rnuqlkj ,d vDVwcj lu~ 1937 dks iwT;
egkjkt dks tyizokg nsus ds fy, foeku cuk;k x;kA mls lqanj oL= ,oa
Qwyksa ls ltk;k x;k FkkA Hks"k Hkxoku ds lHkh larksa&egarksa rFkk ln~ x`gLFkksa
dks lwpuk ns nh xbZ Fkh] ftlls cgqr ls lar egkRek rFkk ln~ x`gLFk muds
vafre n'kZu ds fy, ogk¡ mifLFkr gks x,A fueZy lk/kq lekt dh e;kZnk ds
vuqlkj Jh xq#nso th ds foeku ij Lo.kZ tfVr nq'kkyk Mkyk x;kA fueZy
v[kkM+s us Hkh nq'kkyk MkykA blds ckn mifLFkr egarksa larksa us viuh e;kZnk
¡ gkFkksa ls nq'kkys rFkk J)k
vuqlkj nq'kkys MkysA x`gLFkh izsfe;ksa us Hkh dkirs
dh Qwyekyk;sa viZ.k dhaA blds i'pkr~ foeku dks Jh njckj lkfgc ds
lkeus j[kdj vjnkl dh xbZA blds ckn lar egkRekvksa us foeku dks
mBk;k] foeku ds vkxs izkar dk lcls vPNk cSaM cktk viuh nnZ Hkjh ehBh
Loj ygjh esa 'kksd fc[ksj jgk FkkA mlds ihNs&ihNs lar fo|kFkhZ lksus dh
ykfB;ka fy, py jgs FksA lcls ihNs foeku lq'kksfHkr gks jgk FkkA e;kZnkuqlkj
e[kkus] Qwy] crkls rFkk iSls #i;s foeku ds Åij HkDr lTtuksa }kjk
cjlk, tk jgs Fks ftudks lekt ds euq"; fL=;ka J)ko'k mBk jgs FksA vius
uotkr f'k'kqvksa ds xys esa igukus ds fy, ys tk jgs FksA foeku uxj ds
cktkjksa ls gksdj Jh Hkxorh HkkxhjFkh ds izfl) ifo= LFkku uhy/kkjk ij
igq¡pk;k x;kA ogk¡ ij dhrZu lksgys dk ikB djds vjnkl ds i'pkr~ vVwV
J)k HkfDr ds lkFk foeku dks ty izokg fd;k x;kA fdlh dk ân; ml
fojgosyk ds le; nq%[k vkSj isze ls ugha meM+k vFkkZr~ lc lTtu muds izse
esa ekSu fuLrC/k vkSj xaHkhj FksA rRi'pkr~ lcus xaxk th esa Luku fd;kA xq#
e;kZnkuqlkj Jh xq# xzaFk lkfgc dk lgt ikB izkjaHk gqvkA lHkh lar&
egkRekvksa us feydj J)k HkfDr rFkk izse ds lkxj esa eXu gksdj ikB dks
laiw.kZ fd;kA q
216 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 56

l=goha
czãyhu Jh iwT; egkjkt dh lrkSjgoha] vFkkZr~ l=gosa fnu egk
egksRlo eukus ds fy, vkf'ou lqnh n'keh rnuqlkj 15-10-1937 dks Jh
xq# xzaFk lkfgc dk v[kaM ikB vkjaHk gqvk vkSj vlkSt lqnh }kn'kh
rk- 17-10-1935 dks Hkksx iM+kA ifjlekfIr gqbZ] vkjrh vjnkl ds ckn
"kV~ n'kZu dks HkaMkjk fn;k x;kA lc egkRekvksa dks djhc 4-4 xt diM+k
iaxr iwtk ds :Ik esa fn;k x;k rFkk lc lar vkJeksa dh vygnk iwtk dh
xbZA bl volj ij gSnjkckn] fla/k] djkph] dksyacks] dydÙkk rFkk cacbZ ls
ln~ x`gLFk Hkh J)k HkfDr ls vkdj mifLFkr gq,] rFkk bUgha ds }kjk 3915
#0 dk /ku nhoku psru jke }kjk egkHkkst gsrq izkIr gqvkA du[ky ds larksa
dk HkaMkjk djus ds ckn _f"kds'k ds fueZy vkJe esa nwljk le"Vh HkaMkjk
fd;k x;k ftlesa y{e.k>wyk rFkk larksa ds izfl) LFkku >kM+h ls lc larksa dks
fueaf=r fd;k x;kA mUgsa iDdk Hkkstu f[kyk;k x;kA nksuksa HkaMkjksa dk pkj
gtkj ckuos #i;k [kpkZ gqvkA nwj&nwj ls ln~ x`gLFk bu HkaMkjksa esa vk, FksA
os lcds lc egkRekvksa ds n'kZu dj cgqr izlUu gq, vkSj egkjkt ds bl
dk;Z dks lQy djds mUgksaus vius thou dks Hkh ifo= ,oa lQy cuk;kA
Hkxoku mudh dekbZ dks lQy cuk,a ;gh gekjh vkarfjd vfHkyk"kk gSA
T;ksfr T;ksr lekus ds i'pkr~
xq#nso ds czãyhu gksus ds vuarj muds }kjk pyk, x, dk;Z] f'k{kk]
mins'k vkfn dk flyflyk mUgha dh d`ik ls igys dh rjg gh tkjh jgkA
vkRe lfjrk 217

Ekgkjkt ds oSdqaBokl ds ckn muds Lo:i tkudj izseh tu gesa Hkh iwoZor~
cqykrs jgsA
fla/k gSnjkckn ds vkJe fuekZ.k ds fy, IykV [kjhnus dk ftØ igys vk
pqdk gSA mldh uhao egkjkt vius gkFkksa j[kdj mn~?kkVu oxSjg dh jLe Hkh
dj x, FksA mldh ns[kHkky ds fy, VªLV Hkh dk;e dj x, Fks] ij muds
ijyksd xeu djus ds ckn tc Hkou cu dj rS;kj gqvk rks mldk eqgwrZ
lekjksg djus ds fy, VªLV ds lnL;ksa us gesa 7-7-39 dks ,d lkS #i;s
fdjk;s ds fy, HkstsA bl fuea=.k dks Lohdkj dj ge 25 tqykbZ lu~ 1939
dks pys rFkk ve`rlj ds xq#}kjksa dh ;k=k djrs gq, eqgwrZ lekjksg esa
gSnjkckn igq¡psA Hkknksa lqnh 1 rnuqlkj 11-9-39 dks izsfe;ksa }kjk J)kiwoZd
cuk, x, edku dk eqgwrZ fd;k x;kA gekjs lkFk Kkuh cyoar flag th] Kkuh
lar nsok flag th rFkk ukjk;.k flag FksA dqN fnu gSnjkckn jgsA djkph ds
HkDr rkjkpan] psrhckbZ rFkk BB~Bs dh laxr ,oa xksiky vkfn dh izkFkZuk ij
ge yksx djkph x,] ogk¡ mudh lsok dks lQyhHkwr djrs gq, gSnjkckn
okil vk,A Kkuh cyoar flag th] lar nsok flag th] lar djrkj flag th]
iafMr lqPpk flag th gSnjkckn esa gh jg x,A ge egkjkt dh igyh lkykuk
o"khZ ¼cjlh½ eukus ds fy, du[ky pys vk,A ;g o"khZ 14-10-1939 dks
v[kaM ikB rFkk iDdk HkaMkjk djds cM+h /kwe/kke ls eukbZ xbZA blesa nwj&nwj
ls vk, ln~ x`gLFk rFkk lar egkRekvksa us cgqr gh g"kZ ls Hkkx fy;kA djkph
ls nhoku rkjkpan rFkk psrh ckbZ us 107 #- dk /ku mDr egk;K ds fy,
HkstkA
lu~ 1939
iqu% djkph dh vksj
bl o"kZ Msjs ds dke esa yxs jgus ds dkj.k o"khZ ls igys ge dgha Hkh u
tk ldsA egkjkt dh nwljh o"khZ lar egkRekvksa rFkk HkDrksa ds lkFk feydj
218 vkRe lfjrk

cM+h /kwe&/kke ls eukbZA blds mijkar egkjkt ds lsod nhoku rkjkpan us

14-10-39 dks fdjk;k Hkstk vkSj djkph i/kkjus dh fourh dhA
muds izse vkSj mRlkg dks cuk, j[kus ds fy, geus iafMr vtqZu flag
th rFkk ukjk;.k flag th ds lkFk izLFkku fd;kA 31-12-39 dks ve`rlj
Jh njckj lkfgc ds n'kZu dj djkph ds fy, jokuk gq,A 3-1-40 dks
djkph igq¡ps A ogk¡ dqN fnu jgsA izsehtuksa us J)k HkfDr ds lkFk lsok dhA
ogk¡ ls gSnkjkckn vk x, vkSj LFkku ds [kpsZ ds fy, 100 #i;k fn;kA 15-
3-40 dks okilh esa fQj ve`rlj vk, vkSj lsB esykjke ds ?kj BgjsA
mldks vk'khokZn nsdj okil du[ky vk x,A xq#nso th dh rhljh cjlh
egkRek rFkk iszeh HkDrtuksa ds lg;ksx ls cgqr cM+s iSekus ij eukbZA
dqN fnuksa ds ckn lsB yNeunkl Kku pan f'kdkjiqj okyksa us viuh iq=h
dh 'kknh esa cqyk;k ftlds fy, geus 15-12-40 dks f'kdkjiqj ds fy,
izLFkku fd;kA ve`rlj n'kZu djrs gq, 9-12-40 dks f'kdkjiqj igq¡psA
lkFk esa lar enu flag th rFkk ukjk;.k flag FksA xq#eq[k I;kjs lsB yNe.k
nkl us cgqr gh J)kiwoZd lsok lqJw"kk dhA ogk¡ ds lHkh iszeh HkDrksa us izse ls
lsok dhA fQj rkjkpan dh fourh ij djkph pys vk,A okilh esa gSnjkckn
ds LVs'ku ij iszehtu feys vkSj mUgksaus viuh isze&Hkkouk iw.kZ dhA
12-1-41 dks nhoku ykypan vkMokuh dh J)k ls te'ksn }kjs Bgjus
ds ckn djkph igq¡psA LVs'ku ij izsehtu vR;f/kd la[;k esa ,df=r FksA ge
rkjkpan ds ;gk¡ 23-2-41 rd jgsA izsehtuksa us izse ls lsok dhA 23-2-41
dks gSjkckn vk,A ;gk¡ 20-3-41 rd jgdj ve`rlj th ds n'kZu dj
du[ky vk x,A ;gk¡ ij geus egkjkt th dh pkSFkh o"khZ eukus dh rS;kjh
vkjaHk dj nhA bl ckj o"khZ ij vf/kd la[;k esa lk/kq&egkRek rFkk iszehtu
'kkfey gq, FksA Rkk- 8-5-41 dks lsB Vksiunkl dh iq=h dh 'kknh FkhA ;g
fookg ân;kje;k.kh Hkxokunkl ds lkFk gksuk FkkA nksukas gh le/kh gesa vfr
vkRe lfjrk 219

I;kjs FksA vr% gesa nksckjk gSnjkckn tkuk iM+kA 8 dks pys] ve`rlj n'kZu
djrs gq, 9-5-41 dks gSnjkckn igq¡psA ;g fookg izHkq&d`ik ls 11-5-41
dks cgqr /kwe&/kke ls gqvkA tksM+h dks fljksiko fn;k rFkk lkSHkkX;'kkyh gksus
dk vk'khokZn nsdj ge 20-6-41 dks du[ky ds fy, okil gq,A
1-8-41 dks Vhdenkl lksejkt dksyacks okyksa us 100 #i;s Hkstdj
vius HkkbZ gk'kkjke dh 'kknh tks thorjke dh csVh uhuk ls gksuh Fkh dh
e¡xuh ij cqyk;kA 7-8-41 dks ge fQj djkph jokuk gq,A lkFk esa lar
cyoar flag th vkSj ukjk;.k flag th FksA fookg 15 vxLr dks gqvkA
bUgkasus Q+jk[kfnyh ls utj HksaV dhA djkph gksdj ge fQj du[ky vk x,A
lu~ 1942
xr o"kksZa dh Hkk¡fr bl o"kZ Hkh ckck th egkjkt dh ik¡poha o"khZ] lar&
egkRek rFkk HkDrksa us feydj cgqr gh isze ls eukbZA o"khZ ds i'pkr~ nhoku
rkjkpan ds }kjk fuea=.k feyus ij 5-12-42 dks du[ky ls jokuk gq,A
cyoar flag th Kkuh ,oa enu flag th rFkk ukjk;.k flag th lkFk FksA
ve`rlj n'kZu djrs gq, 13-12-42 dks djkph ig¡qpsA
lu~ 1943
4-2-43 rd djkph esa jgdj lRlax mins'k djrs jgsA vc dh ckj
Kkuh th dh dFkk dk vPNk jax tekA ;gk¡ gSnjkckn vkdj 13-3-43 rd
jgsA y{e.knkl ds izse ls cqykus ij f'kdkjiqj x,A ;gk¡ 16-4-43 rd
jgsA ;gk¡ ls okil gq, vkSj 20-4-43 dks du[ky igq¡psA ;gk¡ egkjkt dh
NBh o"khZ eukus dk izca/k vkjaHk fd;kA HkkbZ nkSyrjke viuh iRuh tsBh ekbZ
ds lkFk vk,A buds vfrfjDr fnYyh ls g'kerjk; [kwcpan ifjokj lfgr
vk, vkSj muds lkFk dbZ&,d iszeh Fks tks HkaMkjk esa lfEefyr gq,A 22-1-
43 dks nhoku jkenkl psukuh us fdjk;k Hkstdj vkus dh izkFkZuk djus ij
6-11-43 dks jokuk gq,A ve`rlj gksrs gq, ykgkSj igq¡psA ogk¡ fd'kupan
220 vkRe lfjrk

;q/kokuh HkEeh ekbZ rFkk vU; iszfe;ksa us cgqr vknj lRdkj fd;kA gSnjkckn
20-11-43 rd jgdj djkph jkenkl psukuh ds lkFk x,A nhoku lsokjke
teuk nkl nsohnkl vkfn us ifjokj lfgr cgqr izse ls lsok dhA
lu~ 1944
30-1-44 rd jkenkl ds ;gk¡ jgdj gSnjkckn vk,A ghjkuan nkuqeYy
gesa BaMsvkne esa ys x;k vkSj ogk¡ cM+s isze ls lsok dhA ogk¡ ls okil vkus
ij gSnjkckn dh laxr us cM+s isze vkSj mRlkg ls lartukas dh lsok dhA ;gk¡
ls 17-3-44 dks pydj jsgMh igq¡psA ;gk¡ ls yNe.knkl dh izkFkZuk ij
f'kdkjiqj x,A ;gk¡ HkDrksa us cgqr lsok dhA 25-4-44 rd f'kdkjiqj
jgdj HkDrtuksa dks mins'k rFkk 'kqHk f'k{kk nsdj ve`rlj n'kZu djrs gq,
29-4-44 dks du[ky igq¡p x,A 23-8-44 dks lsB eksrhjke dku flag us
200 #i;s fdjk;s ds fy, Hksts vkSj fla/k vkus dk fuea=.k fn;k vkSj lsok
djus dk volj iznku djus dh izkFkZuk dhA Jh egkjkt th dh lkroha
cjlh lar&egkRekvksa rFkk J)kyq x`gLFkh lTtuksa us feydj cM+s izse ls
eukbZA
Ukkfld xksnkojh ds dqaHk dk Luku
;|fi geus eksrh jke dku flag dh izkFkZuk Lohdkj dj yh Fkh ijarq ml
o"kZ ukfld dk dqaHk gksus ds dkj.k dqaHk&Luku djus ds i'pkr~ fla/k tkus dk
ladYi dj fy;k FkkA 24-10-44 dks fnYyh x,] ogk¡ lsB jkepan feV~Bk
jke yhykjke okyksa us izse ls lsok dhA ;equk Luku rFkk xq#}kjksa ds n'kZu
dj 26-10-44 dks ukfld jokuk gq,A tks lar&egkRek dqaHk dk Luku djds
=;acd ls okil Hkh x, Fks] mu lcdks lkFk ysdj 28-10-44 dks =;acd
igqa¡psA iw.Zkeklh ds fnu vPNh rjg ls lc larksa ds lkFk feydj lqanj tqywl
fudyk] tks lc tqywlksa ls 'kkunkj ekywe gksrk FkkA 31-10-44 dks lef"V
HkaMkjk fd;kA bl o"kZ dqaHk dk izca/k fueZy iapk;rh v[kkMs+ us iw.kZ:i ls ugha
vkRe lfjrk 221

fd;k gqvk FkkA laU;klh u, v[kkMs+ ds lkFk fey x, FksA 7-11-44 dks
ukfld okil vkus ij ijekuan ân;kjek.kh dh fpV~Bh feyh] ftlesa mUgksaus
dksyacks cqyk;k FkkA ysus tkus ds fy, Hkh vius csVs Hkxoku dks Hkstk FkkA
ghjkuan nkuqey Hkh ukfld esa FksA mUgsa Hkh dksyacks cqyk;k x;k FkkA bl le;
gekjs lkFk lar eku flag th] enu flag th] ukjk;.k flag rFkk n'kZu flag
vkfn FksA ge cacbZ ds fy, jokuk gq, ogk¡ LVs'ku ij MkW- larjke nkl] lsB
Hkxoku nkl vk, gq, FksA ;g fu.kZ; gksus ij fd lar jkenkl ds ?kj pysa]
ogk¡ ls fopkj djds vkxs pysaxsA ge lc MkW- psukuh ds ;gk¡ eSjhu MªkbZo
x,A lar jkenkl vius ;gk¡ dqN le; j[kuk pkgrs Fks ijarq Hkxoku nkl
vius lkFk gh dksyacks ys tkuk pkgrs Fks D;kasfd nf{k.k gksus ds dkj.k gesa ogk¡
ds fuokfl;ksa dh cksyh le> esa ugha vk ldrh FkhA mudk dguk Fkk fd esjs
lkFk jgus ij bUgsa fdlh izdkj dk d"V ugha gksxkA eq>s vf/kd le; rd
Bgjuk laHko ugha Fkk D;ksafd dk;Z cgqr vf/kd FkkA mlus dgk&vki egkjkt
dh lsok okil vkus ij dj ysukA lar jkenkl us bls Lohdkj dj fy;k vkSj
ge lc larksa ds lkFk 15-11-44 dks cacbZ ls enzkl igq¡psA ogk¡ ls
f=fpukiYyh x,A ;gk¡ ij 'kknh FkhA Jh jaxukFk egknso th o x.ks'k th dh
;k=k dj 23-11-44 dks dksyacks igq¡psA ijekuan rFkk lkjh laxr LVs'ku
ij feyhA ijekuan eksVj ls vius ?kj ys x,A ;gk¡ lRlax rFkk iwtkikB gksus
yxkA lsB ijekuan us lkjs ifjokj ds lfgr lsok dh rFkk vius iq= Hkxoku
nkl dh M~;wVh lRlax dh yxkbZA mUgksaus lkjs dksyacks dh ;k=k djokbZA eksVj
}kjk uqjsykdSaMh drjk Lokeh dh ;k=k dhA lsB dqanuey] thorjke]
okVwey] jeuey vkfn izsfe;ksa us cgqr J)k&HkfDr ls iwtk rFkk lsok dhA
17-12-44 dks lHkh HkDrksa dh lsok&lQyh dj ge okil gq, vkSj
20-12-44 dks /kuq"kdksfV esa vkdj leqnz&Luku fd;kA 20-12-44 dks
Hknzknsoh dh ;k=k dhA ;gk¡ f'kdkjiqjh iszfe;ksa us lsok dhA 17-12-44 dks
222 vkRe lfjrk

enu ehuk{kh ls pydj enzkl vk,A enzkl esa lsB gfjn;ky ds ikl BgjsA
enzkl dh laxr us izse ls lsok dhA 25-12-44 dks enzkl ls pydj
27-12-44 dks cacbZ igq¡psA jkLrs esa iwuk ds LVs'ku ij ogk¡ dh laxr us
lsok&iwtk dhA cEcbZ LVs'ku ij lar jkenkl rFkk vU; izsehtu feys tks
cgqr izlUu gq,A Hkxokunkl dksyacks ls cacbZ NksM+us ds fy, gekjs lkFk vk;k
FkkA gekjh iszj.kk ls /kekZFkZ ds fy, mlus 101 #i;s fueZy iapk;rh v[kkM+k
dks] 101 #i;s fueZy i= ¼v[kckj½ dks] 101 #i;s fueZy egkeaMy dks
Hksts rFkk vkKk ysdj dksyacks dks okil pyk x;kA MkW- psukuh us ifjokj
lfgr lar eaMyh dk izse ls lRdkj fd;kA
lu~ 1945
}kfjdk] lqnkekiqjh] izHkkl {ks= vkfn dh ;k=k
21-1-45 rd cacbZ esa jgsA laxr rFkk HkDrtuksa us vknj&lRdkj ds
lkFk lsok&iwtk dhA ;gk¡ ls egar eku flag th] lar enu flag th] ukjk;.k
flag rFkk n'kZu flag vkfn ds lkFk }kfjdk] lqnkekiqjh] izHkkl {ks= dh ;k=k
djrs gq, 29-1-45 dks eglkuk ds fy, jokuk gq,A 31-1-45 dks egar
eku flag th du[ky okil gks x, vkSj ge ekjokM+ gksrs gq, gSnjkckn dks
jokuk gq,A 1-2-45 dks ehjiqj igq¡ps tgk¡ MkW- jsokpan us lsok&iwtk dhA
ehjiqj ls gSnjkckn x,A ;gk¡ 15 fnu Bgj dj 16-2-45 dks djkph vk
x,A laxr us LVs'ku ij Lokxr lRdkj fd;kA nhoku eksrhjke dku flag
txfrvkuh ds ?kj BgjsA laxr us lsok&iwtk }kjk viuh J)k&Hkkouk iw.kZ
dhA lRlax fu;ekuqlkj fuR; gksrk jgkA BV~Vs dh lxar us Hkh cgqr lsok dhA
;gk¡ ekpZ rd jgdj 1-4-45 dks djkph ls okil gq,A ve`rlj n'kZu
djds 4-4-45 dks gfj}kj igq¡psA 28-5-45 dks nhoku ykypan vkMokuh
us #i;s rFkk i= Hkstdj izkFkZuk dh fd vxyh ckj gekjs ;gk¡ vkdj BgjsaA
bls Lohdkj fd;k vkSj cjlh ds ckn vkus ds fy, fy[kkA
q
vkRe lfjrk 223

rjax 57

elwjh dk dkjksckj vkSj xq#nso dh vkBoha o"khZ ¼cjlh½

elwjh dk dkjksckj rFkk LFkku dh lsok djrs gq, Jh xq#nso th dh
vkBoha cjlh larksa&egarksa ds lkFk isze ls eukbZA lsB ijekuan th Hkh cjlh
esa vk, gq, FksA mudh bPNk ykgkSj esa nqdku [kksyus dh FkhA mlds eqgwrZ ds
fy, 8-10-45 dks ykgkSj igq¡ps rFkk mudh nqdku ftl dk uke iw.kZ ,aM
lal j[kk Fkk dk [kwc /kwe&/kke ls eqgwrZ fd;k x;kA gekjh ,d vk¡[k esa
eksfr;kfcan gksus ds dkj.k fn[kkbZ nsuk can gks x;k FkkA vr% izfl) Mk- eFkqjk
nkl dks vk¡[k fn[kkbZ xbZA mUgksaus vkWijs'ku djuk Lohdkj fd;kA ;g iwNus
ij fd vkWijs'ku dgk¡ gksxk\ mUgksaus ?kj ij gh djuk eatwj fd;kA vkWijs'ku
cM+s izse ls fd;k vkSj Bhd gqvkA MkW- lkgc dks Qhl nsus dk cgqr iz;kl
fd;k ysfdu mUgksaus dksbZ Qhl ugha yhA ijekuan th us rFkk ykgkSj dh laxr
us cgqr vnc&vknkc ls lsok dhA ykgkSj ls du[ky okil vk x, vkSj
ykypan vkMokuh ds cqykus dk /;ku j[krs gq, dqN fnu du[ky esa vkjke
djds 22-12-45 dks djkph ds fy, jokuk gq, A ve`rlj] ykgkSj rFkk
gSnjkckn gksrs gq, djkph igq¡ps A LVs'ku ij vkbZ gqbZ laxr dk isze vkSj lsok
ysdj eksVj }kjk te'ksn }kjs igq¡psA nhoku ykypan dh csVh prqjh dh 'kknh
fd'kupan ds lkFk gqbZA tksM+h dks lkSHkkX;'kkyh gksus dk vk'khokZn fn;kA tks/kk
flag ykyokuh us Hkh viuh 'kknh yhyknsoh ls djkbZ] bUgsa Hkh vk'khokZn fn;kA
t;fd'ku eqD[kh y[khjke ds csVs dh 'kknh gSnjkckn esa FkhA muds cqykus ij
ge gSnjkckn vk,A
224 vkRe lfjrk

lu~ 1946
laxr dh isze] J)k rFkk mRlkg ls dh gqbZ lsok lqJw"kk ls izlUu gksdj
vk'khokZn nsdj rFkk py jgs lRlax dh lekfIr dj] v<+kbZ ekl djkph esa
fcrk dj 13-3-46 dks gSnjkckn okil vk,A
jsokpan eUukyky ds ?kj BgjsA jke vkSj fd'ku fejokuh us cM+s isze o
J)k ls lsok dhA mUgsa vk'khokZn vkSj ln~mins'k nsdj 23-3-46 dks
gSnjkckn ls lh/ks cacbZ igq¡psA Mk- lar jkenkl us izse ls fueaf=r fd;k gqvk
FkkA lks mlh ds lkFk mlds fuokl LFkku f'kolnu eSjhu MªkbZo ij ig¡qpsaA
laxr us ;Fkk'kfDr izse ls lsok&iwtk dhA ,d ekl cacbZ jgdj
28-4-46 dks cacbZ ls jokuk gq,A 30-4-46 dks fnYyh igq¡psA lsB jkepan
yhykjke okyksa ds ikl ,d fnu Bgj dj du[ky 2-5-46 dks igq¡ps A
elwjh rFkk _f"kds'k ds LFkkuksa dh ns[kHkky djrs jgsA Jh xq#nso th dh ukSoha
cjlh vk xbZ] vr% bldh rS;kjh vkjaHk dhA ;g cjlh cgqr /kwe/kke ls
eukbZ xbZA bl volj ij dydÙkk] cacbZ vkSj fnYyh ls HkDrtu vk x,
FksA 30-10-46 dks nhoku jkenkl [kwcpan psukuh us 200 #- euhvkMZj
}kjk Hkst fn, vkSj djkph vkdj n'kZu nsus dh izkFkZuk dhA bUgha fnuksa
ghjkuan d`iykuh dh /keZiRuh xqYyhekbZ vkbZ gqbZ FkhaA mUgsa gekjs fla/k tkus
dk irk ekywe gqvkA mUgksaus cM+s mRlkg vkSj isze ls fnYyh Bgjus dh izkFkZuk
dhA 5-12-46 dks ge lar djrkj flag th] lar fu'py flag th rFkk
ukjk;.k flag dks lkFk ysdj cl }kjk fnYyh igq¡psA ghjkuan xqYyhekbZ ds ;gk¡
yks/kh dkyksuh esa jgsA fnYyh dh laxr dh lsok&iwtk ysdj ekjokM+ gksrs gq,
15-12-46 dks gSnjkckn igq¡ps vkSj vius LFkku fueZy vkJe esa gh jgsA
izsfe;ksa dh lsok Lohdkj djds nhoku jkenklth djkph ds fy, ysus vk, gq,
FksA muds lkFk 30-12-46 dks djkph igq¡ps vkSj muds fuokl LFkku esa
jgdj lRlax vkjaHk fd;kA bl lRlax esa gSnjkckn] f'kdkjiqj] djkph rFkk
vkRe lfjrk 225

BV~Vs dh laxr vkrh jgh vkSj lsok iwtk vknj lRdkjiwoZd djrh jghA ekpZ
rd djkph jgdj lsB xqYyhjke }kjk muds iq= bZ'kj dh 'kknh ij cqyk,
tkus ij 22 dks gSnjkckn vk,A
lu~ 1947
22-3-47 dks xqYyhjke ds csVs dh 'kknh ij gSnjkckn vk,A tksM+h dks
fpjathoh gksus dk vk'khokZn nsdj djkph okil pys x,A nhoku jkenkl dh
csVh lqanjh vkSj jRuk dh e¡xuh ban: vkSj fugky ls gqbZA budh 'kknh gqbZA
blh volj ij lkfo=h dh 'kknh Hkh vkrq ls gqbZA cacbZ ls MkW- lar jkenkl
lq'khyk ekbZ cacbZ ls rFkk cM+ksa ds lsod nhoku lsokjke] tequknkl] nsohnkl
rFkk ekbZ oftjkuh us izse vkSj J)k ls lsok dhA fookfgr tksM+h dks fljksiko
rFkk vk'khokZn nsdj 24-4-47 dks djkph jokuk gq,A 26-4-47 dks
ve`rlj igq¡psA dhrZu lqukus okys xqy vkSj deyk ekbZ lkFk esa FksA xq#}kjksa
dh ;k=k dhA 27-4-47 dks gfj}kj igq¡psA LFkku dh ns[k&js[k esa yx x,A
bl o"kZ vius dk'kh okys LFkku] Kku xqQk dh ns[k&js[k ds fy, ogk¡ x,A
cjlh ds volj ij okil du[ky vk x,A bl o"kZ egkjkt dh cjlh
xro"kksZa dh Hkk¡fr lar&egkRek rFkk HkDrtuksa ds lkFk feydj /kwe&/kke ls
eukbZ xbZA
lu~ 1948 nksckjk dksyacks ;k=k
lsB dqanu ey dksyacks okys ds iq= eqUuhyky dk fookg lsB gqankey
fnYyh fuoklh dh iq=h ls gksuk fuf'pr gqvkA lsB dqanuey us lsB gqankey
dks gesa lkFk ykus dks fy[kkA blds vfrfjDr gesa mUgha ds lkFk yadk vkus
dks dgkA lsB gqankey ds ysus vkus ij ge ukjk;.k flag rFkk ds'kj flag dks
lkFk ysdj 1-8-48 dks jkr dh xkM+h ls izFke ntsZ dk fVdV ysdj ;k=k
vkjaHk dhA fnYyh ig¡qpus ij lsB jkepanz us lsB gqankey ls dgk fd ftl
226 vkRe lfjrk

izdkj egkjkt izR;sd ckj gekjs ;gk¡ Bgjrs gSa mlh izdkj bl ckj Hkh gekjs
ikl gh BgjsaxsA bls Lohdkj djus ij ge lsB jkepan feV~Bkjke ds gh ?kj
BgjsA fnYyh ds xq#}kjksa dh ;k=k dj 10-8-48 dks ÝafV;jesy ls jokuk
gksdj 11-8-48 dks cacbZ igq¡psA mlh fnu enzkl dh xkM+h esa cSBdj
13-8-48 dks enzkl igq¡ps A lsB dqanuey dk vkea=.k rkjkpan th }kjk
igys gh Hkst fn;k x;k Fkk] feyk vkSj gokbZ tgkt dh fVdVsa fjt+oZ djok
j[kh Fkh lks 14-8-48 dks gokbZ tgkt ls dksyacks igq¡ps A lsB dqanuey
ifjokj lfgr rFkk vU; HkDr gokbZ vM~Ms ij feysA isze vkSj J)k ls
vko&Hkxr dhA lsB dqanuey eksVj }kjk vius ?kj ys x;kA lRlax vkjaHk
gqvkA izfrfnu yadk ds HkDrtu vkus yxs vkSj izse ls J)k&HkfDr iw.kZ
lRlax djus yxsA eqUuhyky dk fookg Hkknksa onh v"Veh dks gqvkA ftl
izdkj lsB yksx vius cPpksa dk fookg mRlkg ls fd;k djrs gSa] mlh izdkj
dqanuey us Hkh vius fiz; iq= eqUuhyky dk C;kg ¼fookg½ cM+s mRlkg vkSj
/kwe&/kke ds lkFk fd;kA Jh xq#nso th dh cjlh fudV gksus ds dkj.k vf/kd
le; rd lsB ds ikl u jg ldsA vr% dqanuey us dkj ls yadk ds lkjs
dksyacks 'kgj dh lSj djkbZA laxr rFkk lsB dqanuey dh J)k&HkfDr vkSj
isze dks ns[kdj cM+h [kq'kh gqbZA xq# egkjkt mUgsa lq[k vkSj ;'k dk vk'khokZn
nsdj 2-9-48 dks gokbZ tgkt ls gh okil gq,A tgkt rhu ?kaVs esa enzkl
igq¡pkA lsB ykypan] dsoyjke] lq[kjke] Vksiunkl egrkuh] }kjdknkl
rFkk gjn;ky vkfn HkDrtu iwtk RkFkk lRdkj ls lsok dj 12-9-48 rd
enzkl jgdj rFkk lRlax dh ifjlekfIr dj gokbZ tgkt }kjk cacbZ vk x,A
;gk¡ ds gokbZ vMMs ij lsB nsohnkl rFkk vU; HkDrtu igq¡ps gq, FksA cM+s
vknj ls lRdkj fd;k rFkk nsohnkl eksVj }kjk vius ?kj ys x;kA nhoku
rkjkpan dh /keZiRuh psrhekbZ ds nksgrs dh bPNk vius ikl cSdqyk esa j[kus
vkRe lfjrk 227

dh gqbZA mldh izkFkZuk ij geus ogk¡ Bgjuk gh Bhd le>kA lHkh HkDrtu
gekjs ikl lSaV~y ri cSdqyk esa fuR; gh lRlax ds fy, vkrs jgsA bu HkDrksa
ds vfrfjDr lsB rksykjke] larnkl] nhoku ykypan] lsokjke vkMokuh izse
ls laxr esa vkrs jgsA /kUukey psykjke] eksrhjke] dku flag txR;kuh vkfn
Hkh isze ls 'kkfey gksrs rFkk iwtk&lsok djrs FksA HkDrtuksa dh lsok&J)k rFkk
mudh iwtk ysrs gq, 23-9-48 dks cacbZ ls pydj cM+kSnk rFkk fnYyh ds
HkDrtuksa dh iwtk ysrs gq, 25-9-48 dks du[ky igq¡p x,A Jh xq#nso th
dh X;kjgoha cjlh dk izca/k fd;kA loZ lar&egkRekvksa rFkk ln~x`gLFkksa ds
lkFk feydj /kwe&/kke ,oa mRlkg ls eukbZA fHkUu&fHkUu LFkkuksa ls HkDrtu
vk, FksA
lu~ 1949 y[kuÅ dh vksj
bl o"kZ LFkkuksa dh ns[k js[k rFkk muds izca/k esa yxs jgus ds dkj.k dgha
Hkh u tk ldsA vxLr esa lsB ykypan ds iq= izhrenkl ds C;kg ¼fookg½ ds
volj ij Kkuh HkkbZ dh izkFkZuk ij 14-6-49 dks y[kuÅ x,A lsB
Vgyjke dh izkFkZuk ij muds fuokl LFkku ij BgjsA 17-8-49 dks 'kknh
gqbZ tksM+h dks fljksiko rFkk vk'khokZn fn;kA Kkuh ckbZ us ifjokj lfgr rFkk
y[kuÅ dh laxr us cM+s izse rFkk J)k ls lsok iwtk dhA mudh lsok lQy
dj 20-8-49 dks okil du[ky vk x,A egkjkt dh ckjgoha cjlh dh
rS;kjh djus yxsA ;g cjlh Hkh igys dh rjg gh larkssa rFkk ln~ x`gLFkksa ds
lkFk feydj cM+s izse ls eukbZA bl egk;K esa HkDrksa }kjk fn, x, /ku
inkFkZ vkfn dks ldkFkZ fd;kA
lu~ 1950 gfj}kj dqaHk dk Luku
,oa dydÙkk&;k=k
MkWDVj lhrkjke nkl psukuh us cacbZ vkdj n'kZu nsus dh izkFkZuk dh]
rFkk fdjk;s ds fy, 200 #- Hkst fn,A lar jkenkl rFkk mudh iRuh
228 vkRe lfjrk

lq'khyk dh izkFkZuk ij 21-2-50 dks du[ky ls pydj fnYyh lsB jkepan

ds ikl Bgjs rFkk xq#}kjksa dk n'kZu dj iatkc esy ls cacbZ igq¡ps A jkLrs esa
ukfld esa vkrqey] [ksepan] iiM+ HkkbZ feysA =;acd esa Hkh Luku djus dks
x,A bu LFkkuksa dh ;k=k dhA bl ;k=k esa lar ukjk;.k flag rFkk n'kZu flag
lkFk FksA 27-2-50 dks cacbZ igq¡psA lkjh laxr LVs'ku ij vkbZ gqbZ FkhA
eksVj }kjk ge eSjhuMªkbZo igq¡ps rFkk lar jkenkl dh bPNk iw.kZ dhA lkjh
laxr rFkk lar jkenkl us ifjokj lfgr lsok dhA f'kdkjiqjh rFkk BV~Vk ds
HkDrksa us cM+s vknj ls lsok dhA bl o"kZ gfj}kj dk dqaHk gksus ds dkj.k izca/k
ds fy, 'kh?kz vkuk iM+kA vr% 3-3-50 dks cacbZ ls pydj lh/ks du[ky
ig¡qp x,A
fueZy ckx esa vkdj dqaHk dk izca/k fd;kA bl volj ij lar egkRek
Hkh vR;f/kd la[;k esa dqaHk&Luku dks vk, FksA ln~ x`gLFk rFkk HkDr tu Hkh
cgqr vf/kd vk, Fks ftUgksaus xaxk Luku dj rFkk lar egkRekvksa dh lsok
djds vius thou dks lQy ,oa ifo= cuk;kA geus Hkh lHkh lar egkRekvksa
rFkk ln~ x`gLFk lTtuksa dk Hkyh izdkj lsok lEeku fd;kA 13 vizSy dks
dqaHk ioZ dk vafre Luku gqvk ftl esa 'kkunkj vkf[kjh 'kkgh tqywl lHkh
laiznk;ksa ds v[kkM+kas ds fudkys x, ftu dh 'kksHkk U;kjh vkSj o.kZukrhr FkhA
bl Luku ds Ik'pkr~ lHkh lar egkRek rFkk ln~ x`gLFk vius vius LFkkuksa dks
pys x,A ge LFkku dh ns[k js[k lsok laHkky djrs jgs fd xq#nso th dh
rsjgoha cjlh vk xbZ ftldk lqpk: :i ls izca/k fd;kA gj lky dh rjg
bl o"kZ dh cjlh Hkh xq#HkkbZ lar egkRekvksa rFkk egkjkt ds pj.klsoh ln~
x`gLFkksa ds lkFk J)k iwoZd eukbZA lHkh lk/kq lTtu ln~ x`gLFkksa us lg"kZ
lg;ksx fn;kA
bl o"kZ lsB nkSyrjke ds lqiq= ukud pan dk fookg gksuk fuf'pr gks
pqdk Fkk ftlds fy, nkSyrjke us dydÙkk i/kkj dj oj&o/kw dks 'kqHkk'khokZn
vkRe lfjrk 229

nsus ds fy, izkFkZuk dh vkSj fdjk;s ds fy, 400 #- HkstkA izkFkZuk Lohdkj
djds 10-12-50 dks pydj 12-12-50 dks dydÙkk igq¡ps A ogk¡ LVs'ku
ij lsB nkSyr jke ifjokj lfgr rFkk vU;kU; izseh tu mifLFkr FksA muds
isze rFkk HkfDr dks Lohdkj dj dkj }kjk lsB nkSyr jke ds ?kj igq¡psA mudh
iRuh tks lar lsoh lk/oh gS us ifjokj lfgr J)kiwoZd izse ls lsok dhA
gekjs lkFk lar djrkj flag th] lar ekuflag th rFkk ukjk;.k flag FksA ije
I;kjs ukud pan dk fookg dks;acVwj ds lsB ea/kkjke dh iq=h lrhnsoh ls gksuk
FkkA fookg [kwc /kwe/kke ls lEiUu gqvkA geus tksM+h dks xq#e;kZnk& uqlkj
fljksiko rFkk vk'khokZn fn;kA cacbZ ls lsB eqjyh/kj ekuh dh izkFkZuk Fkh fd
dydÙkk ls okilh ij gesa n'kZu nsaA lks mldh izkFZkuk Lohdkj dj ân; ls
cacbZ tkus dk ladYi fd;kA
lu~ 1951
8-1-51 dks dydÙkk ls cacbZ ds fy, jokuk gq,A ukfld jkLrs esa gksus
ds dkj.k vkrqey] [ksepan dh izkFkZuk ij ogk¡ mrjs rFkk =;acd esa xksnkojh
ds Luku dj 12-1-51 dks xkM+h }kjk cacbZ igq¡psA cacbZ esa cksjhcanj LVs'ku
ij lkjh laxr Lokxr djus dks igq¡ph gqbZ FkhA nhoku eqjyh/kj ekuh
,MoksdsV ifjokj lfgr LVs'ku ij vk;k gqvk FkkA viuh dkj esa cSBkdj ?kj
ys x;k vkSj ogk¡ cM+s isze ls lsok djus yxkA BV~Vs dh laxr lsokjke]
teuknkl rFkk nsohnkl us cM+s isze ls lsok dhA dqN fnu ?kqekus ds okLrs
eksVj ls iwuk ys x,A ogk¡ egkdkys'oj rFkk iapkfXu dh ;k=k dhA okil
fQj cEcbZ vkdj eqjyh/kj ds ;gk¡ BgjsA Qrgpan eq[kh us Hkh ân; ls lsok
dh rFkk eksVj }kjk lkjs cacbZ 'kgj dh ;k=k djokbZA du[ky okil vkus
dh bPNk tkudj Qrgpan eqD[kh us QLVDykl dh lhVsa fjt+oZ djok nhaA 1-
4-51 dks cacbZ ls pydj fnYyh vk, vkSj jkepan ds ikl BgjsA laxr ls
feydj fnYyh xq#}kjksa dk n'kZu dj 6-4-51 dks du[ky okil vk x,A
230 vkRe lfjrk

LFkku dh ns[kHkky vkjaHk dj nhA elwjh ds LFkku dh ns[kHkky djrs gq,

egkjkt dh pkSngoha cjlh ikl vk xbZA vr% mldh rS;kjh djus yxsA bl
o"kZ Hkh izR;sd o"kZ dh Hkk¡fr HkkbZ nkSyrjke tsBh HkkbZ Hkh vius ifjokj lfgr
vk,A xq#nso th dh ;g pkSngoha cjlh izR;sd o"kZ dh Hkk¡fr xq#Hkkb;ksa lar
egkRekvksa ds lkFk feydj J)k iwoZd eukbZA
bl o"kZ lsB Qrgpan eqD[kh us vius ikl cqykus ds fy, izkFkZuk dh vkSj
2-11-51 dks fdjk;s ds fy, 500 #- dk euhvkMZj Hkst fn;kA mudh
izkFkZuk Lohdkj dj mUgsa vius vkus dk i= fy[k fn;kA lsB Hkxokunkl us
Hkh dksyacks ls 1-12-51 dks 500 #- Hkst fn;k vkSj yadk vkdj muds ikl
Bgjus dh izkFkZuk dhA blh o"kZ lsB Hkxoku nkl ds NksVs HkkbZ ykypan dk
C;kg ¼fookg½ lsB nkSyrjke dh iq=h pank ls gksuk fuf'pr gqvk FkkA vr%
Hkxokunkl us bl 'kknh esa lfEefyr gksus dk vkxzg fd;kA C;kg ¼fookg½ dh
frfFk Hkh cgqr ikl FkhA vr% Qrgpan dks fy[k fn;k fd ge vius lsod ds
fookg esa yadk tk jgs gSaA fookg ds i'pkr~ ykSVrh ckj rqEgkjs ikl vkdj
BgjsaxsA bl ;kstuk ds vuqlkj 1-12-51 dks fnYyh igq¡ps A lsB jkepanz
feV~Bkjke] ch- yhyk jke ysus vk,A bUgsa Hkh Hkxokunkl us i= rFkk fdjk;k
Hkstk FkkA vr% ;gk¡ ls enzkl dh xkM+h esa enzkl tkus dks p<+sA jkg esa ftl
LFkku ij dydÙks okyh xkM+h vkdj feyrh gS ogk¡ Kkuh HkkbZ izhrenkl tks
blh C;kg esa tk jgs Fks feys] lhVsa u feyus ds dkj.k ge tkxiqj mrj x,A
izsfe;ksa us cM+s vknj ls vko Hkxr ,oa lRdkj fd;kA vxys fnu lhVsa feyus
ij ge fQj enzkl ds fy, jokuk gq,A enzkl LVs'ku ij lsB ykypan]
cyjke] lksejkt] vkRekjke] }kjdk nkl] /keZnkl rFkk lq[kjke Vksiunkl
Lokxr gsrq vkdj feysA lsB lq[kjke vius caxys ij ys x, vkSj ogk¡ 6-
11-51 ls 11-12-51 rd jgsA gekjs lkFk bl ;k=k esa lar djrkj flag]
fu'py flag] ukjk;.k flag rFkk n'kZu flag FksA 11-12-51 dks ;k=k laca/kh
vkRe lfjrk 231

dkxtkr rS;kj gks x,A vr% mlh fnu gokbZ tgkt }kjk dksyacks dh ;k=k
vkjaHk dhA dksyacks ds gokbZ vM~Ms ij yadk dh laxr rFkk lsB Hkxokunkl
ifjokj lfgr Lokxr ds fy, mifLFkr FksA J)k HkfDr ls lsB Hkxokunkl
dkj ls vius fuokl LFkku ij ys x,A HkDrtuksa us ru eu /ku ls lsok dhA
mudk mRlkg fnu izfrfnu c<+rk jgkA fookg cgqr gh /kwe/kke ds lkFk gqvkA
geus Hkh xq#e;kZnkuqlkj ykypan dks fljksiko rFkk vk'khokZn fn;kA lsB
nkSyrjke tsBh HkkbZ] xqUukey rFkk ifjokj us izse ls larksa dh lsok dhA yadk
dh lkjh laxr dh lsok ls larq"V gksdj cacbZ ds HkDrtuksa dh J)k HkfDr ds
o'khHkwr gksdj okfil vkus dk izksxzke cuk;kA
lu~ 1952
26-1-1952 dks gokbZ tgkt }kjk enzkl okil ykSVsA laxr gokbZ
vM~Ms ij mifLFkr FkhA bl ckj lsB ykypan dh izkFkZuk ij muds ikl BgjsA
mUgksaus dkj }kjk eSlwj] caxykSj] dks;Ecsrwj esa ?kqek;kA rRi'pkr~ lRlax gksus
yxkA dqN fnu enzkl esa fuokl dj HkDrtuksa dks vk'khokZn nsdj 13-2-52
dks jsy }kjk cacbZ jokuk gq,A jkLrs esa iwuk dh laxr LVs'ku ij feyhA lsok
lQy dj 15-2-52 dks cacbZ igq¡psA LVs'ku ij lkjh laxr mifLFkr FkhA
vko Hkxr ds mijkar eq[kh Qrgpan dkj }kjk vius fuokl LFkku ij ys
x;k] lRlax gksus yxkA cSdqyk lSaVªy vkfn dh laxr fuR; vkus yxhA iwuk
dh laxr Hkh vkbZ vkSj isze ls iwuk ys xbZA dqN fnu iwuk esa jgdj ge fQj
cacbZ vk x,A cLlh HkkbZ] Qrgpan izse ls lsok djrs jgsA lRlax dk vkuan
cuk jgkA lsod tu lsok dj viuh euksdkeuk,a iwjh djrs jgsA vius
LFkkuksa dh ns[kHkky rFkk izcU/k djus gsrq gesa okil vkus dk izksxzke cukuk
iM+kA lks 6-6-52 dks jsy ls okil gq,A jkg esa ,d fnu fnYyh Bgj dj
13-6-52 dks du[ky ig¡qp x,A egkjkt dh ianzgoha cjlh dk izcU/k djrs
jgsA bl cjlh ij dydÙkk ls HkkbZ nkSyrjke dk ifjokj o cacbZ] fnYyh]
232 vkRe lfjrk

iwuk] y[kuÅ ls laxr vkbZA cjlh /kwe/kke ds lkFk eukbZ xbZA 1-12-52
dks MkWDVj lar jkenkl psukuh us 250 #- fdjk;k Hkstdj fourh dh fd
bl o"kZ cacbZ vkdj esjs ikl Bgjus dh d`ik djsa vkSj lRlax djds izlUurk
dk jax yxk,a rFkk gesa lsok djus dk volj nsaA mudh izkFkZuk Lohdkj dj
25-11-52 dks lhVsa fjt+oZ djokdj ge fnYyh x,A ogk¡ ;equk Luku dj
xq#}kjksa dh ;k=k dhA ;gk¡ ge lsB jkepan] feB~Bkjke ds ikl jgs FksA vxys
fnu iatkc esy ls ukfld igq¡ps A dkj }kjk =;acd Lukudj okil ukfld
vk x,A HkDrksa dh HkfDr lQy dj 3-12-52 dks cacbZ igq¡psA HkDrtu
cksjhcanj LVs'ku ij mifLFkr FksA lRdkj iwoZd Mk- lar jkenkl dkj }kjk
vius fuokl LFkku eSjhu MªkbZo ys x,A lRlax gksus yxk] izsehtuksa dh HkhM+
yxus yxh] cM+s mRlkg&J)k ls lsok djus yxsA lRlax ls vkuafnr gksdj
nhoku /keZnkl ddjh HkkbZ erlq[kkuh izkFkZuk dj vius fuokl LFkku ekVqaxk
ys x,] ogk¡ Hkh lRlax gksrk jgk] Jksrkx.k lqudj vkuan ls >weus yx tkrsA
nhoku nhokuhey idkSjh HkkbZ ghjkuan vkfn Hkh lRlax ls cgqr izHkkfor gq,
vkSj vius fuokl LFkku ij ys tkus dh izkFkZuk dhA
lu~ 1953
13-3-53 ls 17-4-53 rd nhokuhey rFkk /keZnkl ds fuokl LFkkuksa
ij jgdj lRlax dj loZ HkDrtuksa dh euksdkeuk iw.kZ dj vk'khokZn ns
ekVqaxk ls lhVsa fjt+oZ djkdj fnYyh gksrs gq, du[ky igq¡psA ;gk¡ LFkkuksa dh
ns[k&Hkky dhA egkjkt dh lksygoha cjlh dh rS;kjh esa yx x,A bl cjlh
ij Hkh cM+s&cM+s uxjksa ls HkDrtu vk,A iw.kZ mRlkg ,oa /kwe&/kke ls cjlh
eukbZ xbZA Hkkjr esa cu jgs lc ls cM+s Hkk[kM+k&ukaxy&MSe dks ns[kus rFkk
ve`rlj ds Luku dh Hkkouk ysdj nhikoyh ds 'kqHk&volj ij ve`rlj
igq¡ps A ljksoj&Luku dj rFkk nhikoyh ns[kdj rju&rkju] xksbanoky rFkk
[kaMwj lkfgc dh ;k=k djA LFkkuksa dh ;Fkk'kfDr iwtk djds 10-11-53 dks
vkRe lfjrk 233

ve`rlj vk x,A ,d fnu ogk¡ jgdj ljfgan Qrsgx<+ dh ;k=k djrs gq,
vkuaniqj igq¡ps A ;gk¡ ds lHkh LFkkuksa ds n'kZu dj dhjriqj rFkk ckck
xq#fnRrk th ds tUe&LFkku dh ;k=k djds Hkk[kM+k&uakxy x,A Hkk[kM+k&
uakxy ;kstuk dks Hkyh izdkj ns[kdj vkuaniqj ls gksrs gq, du[ky vk x,A
bUgha fnuksa fueZy fojDr dqfV;k dh vkfFkZd n'kk detksj gksus ds dkj.k
larksa dks Hkkstu dk d"V gksrk FkkA vr% mUgsa N% ekl dk vUu ysdj fn;k]
ftlls fueZy dqfV;k fuoklh larksa dk d"V fuokj.k gqvk vkSj LFkku fQj ls
mUufr dh vksj c<+us yxkA bl o"kZ iz;kxjkt dk dqaHk gksus ds dkj.k ogk¡
tkus dk dk;Z&Øe cuk;kA 17-12-53 dks cukjl x,] ;gk¡ dqN le;
jgdj LFkku KkuxqQk dh ejEer djkbZ vkSj lc larksa dks HkaMkjk fn;kA
lu~ 1954 dqaHk&Luku
6-1-54 dks dqaHk ds volj ij iz;kx bykgkckn igq¡ps vkSj ogk¡ dh
izos'k&'kkgh ¼larksa dk 'kkgh tqywl½ esa lfEefyr gq,A 11-1-54 dks /otk&
jksg.k mRlo esa 51 #- /otk dh iwtk dh] rFkk 11 #- dM+kg&izlkn ds fy,
fn,A tc rd ;gk¡ jgs 11 #- dk dM+kg&izlkn fuR; djkrs jgsA 12-1-54
dks iap&ijes'oj fueZy v[kkM+ksa dks 184 #-dh ykxr dk dPpk HkaMkjk
fn;kA blds i'pkr~ 769 #- dk iDdk HkaMkjk iap dks fn;kA 155 #-
fueZy v[kkM+s dh iwtk dhA panz&xzg.k ds dkj.k fQj okil cukjl pys x,A
iz;kx esa ihyh dksBh esa Bgjs FksA pUnz&xzg.k cukjl esa djds ekSuh vekokL;k
dk Luku f=os.kh&iz;kx esa djus gsrq fQj 1-2-54 dks iz;kx x,A ihyh dksBh
esa gh Bgjs FksA bl volj dh 'kkgh esa 11 #- n'kZuh iwtk rFkk 105 #-
v[kkM+s dh iwtk dhA Luku djus dh vafre 'kkgh ds fp= Hkkjr ljdkj dh
vksj ls fy, x, Fks tks 1955 dh ljdkjh Mk;jh esa rFkk ckn esa flusek esa]
[kcjksa esa rFkk [ksy esa fn[kkbZ x, FksA 6-2-54 dks fQj okil cukjl vk,A
;gk¡ vkus ij dksyacks okys Hkxokunkl dk i= feyk] ftl esa fy[kk Fkk fd
234 vkRe lfjrk

vk<+rh ds ikl 1000 #- dk /ku Hkstk gS rFkk mldks Hkh vkidk irk fn;k
gSA vki mlls ys yks vkSj izkFkZuk gS fd bl o"kZ vki yadk vkdj gesa n'kZu
nsus dh d`ik djsa vkSj vk'khokZn nsdj d`rkFkZ djsaA /ku fey x;k] mldh
izkFkZuk dks Lohdkj dj geus fy[kk fd du[ky gksdj vkids ikl vk,xsA
blh nkSjku nhoku fnokuhey dk i= rFkk 300 #- dk /ku feykA mUgksaus Hkh
izkFkZuk dh fd bl o"kZ cacbZ vkdj gekjs ;gk¡ Bgjsa vkSj gesa lsok djus dk
volj iznku djsaA izkFkZuk Lohdkj dj mUgsa fy[kk fd dksyacks ls ykSVrs le;
vkids ikl vkdj Bgjsaxs] lRlax djsaxsA 9-2-54 dks du[ky vk,A dk;Z
Bhd Bkd dj 17-2-54 dks yadk ds fy, pysA fnYyh gksdj ogk¡ n'kZu
djrs ,oa lsodksa dks vk'khokZn nsrs gq, 21-2-54 ukxiqj igq¡ps A 19-2-54
dks ukxiqj ls pydj 21-2-54 dks enzkl igq¡psA bl ;k=k esa gekjs lkFk
enu flag] ukjk;.k flag rFkk n'kZu flag FksA enzkl ds lHkh HkDrtu Lokxr
ds fy, vk, gq, Fks&lsB ykypaan] /keZnkl] ijljke rFkk lq[kjke egrkuhA
lq[kjke dkj ij gesa vius ?kj ys x,A ikj&i= cuus esa dqN le; yxkA
lRlax pyrk jgk] HkDrtu vkrs jgsA viuh J)k&HkfDr lQy djrs jgsA
;gk¡ ls 7-3-54 dks gokbZ tgkt ls yadk ds fy, jokuk gq,A ogk¡ igq¡pus ij
gokbZ vM~Ms ij laiw.kZ laxr vkbZ gqbZ FkhA lsB Hkxokunkl ifjokj lfgr
vk, gq, FksA lEeku lRdkj ds lkFk dkj }kjk Hkxokunkl ds fuokl LFkku
ij igq¡psA lRlax vkjaHk fd;k] laxr vf/kd ls vf/kd la[;k esa vkus yxhA
^^Hkw[ks HkfDr u dhtS] ;g ekyk viuh yhtSA** bl okD; dh dFkk iwjs nks ekg
rd pyrh jghA HkDrtu cM+s vkuan ,oa J)k ls dFkk lqurs jgs vkSj lsok
dk ykHk mBkrs jgsA Hkxokunkl ds dkj }kjk lkjh yadk dh rFkk ogk¡ ds
ckS) eafnjksa dh ;k=k djkbZA cacbZ ds lsodksa dks lsok nsus dk le; fudkyus
ds fy, okil vkus dk [k+;ky fd;kA 9-5-54 dks gokbZ tgkt }kjk enzkl
vk,A lsB }kfjdknkl dksyacks ls gh gekjs lkFk vk;k FkkA enzkl gokbZ vM~Ms
vkRe lfjrk 235

ij lkjh laxr FkhA izse ls Lokxr fd;kA }kfjdknkl dh izkFkZuk ij ml ds

LFkku esa jgdj lRlax djus dk fu.kZ; fd;kA bl lIrkg enzkl esa lsB
}kfjdknkl ds ikl jgdj lRlax djrs jgsA HkDrtuksa us ru&eu&/ku ls
lsok dj ig¡qp dh vfHkyk"kk iwjh dhA 18-5-54 dks enzkl ls jsy }kjk cacbZ
igq¡psA xr o"kksZa dh rjg izsehtu Lokxr ds fy, LVs'ku ij vk, gq, FksA cM+s
izse&vknj ls feys vkSj gkfnZd izlUurk O;Dr dhA nhoku fnokuhey ioZ
fu'p;kuqlkj dkj ls vius LFkku dksyacks esa ys x;k vkSj cgqr isze ls lsok
lqJw"kk djus yxkA lRlax gksus yxk] vxLr rd ;gk¡ jgdj izsehtukas dh
lsok ysrs jgs vkSj os Hkh izlUurk ls lsokdj vius eu dh vfHkyk"kk,a iw.kZ
djrs jgsA BV~Vs dh laxr f'kdkjiqjh] gSnjkckn ,oa djkph dh laxr dh izse
Hkkouk iwjh dj 12-8-54 dks cacbZ ls pydj 15-8-54 dks du[ky
igq¡psA ;gk¡ vkdj elwjh ds LFkku dh laHkky djus dks ogk¡ x,A _f"kds'k
tkdj Hkh Msjs dh ns[k&js[k dhA bl o"kZ Hkh lnk dh Hkk¡fr dydÙkk] cacbZ]
y[kuÅ rFkk fnYyh dh laxr vkbZ FkhA cjlh cM+s g"kksZRlkg ds lkFk eukbZ
xbZA laxr us izlUurk ds lkFk lsok&iwtk dhA 11-12-54 dks MkWDVj lar
jkenkl psukuh dk i= 250 # dh jde ds lkFk feykA mUgksaus i= }kjk
cacbZ vkdj lsok dk volj nsus dh izkFkZuk dh FkhA ge tkus dks rS;kj gh
gq, Fks ij egar djrkj flag th dk 8-11-54 dks LoxZokl gks tkus ds
dkj.k dqN le; ds fy, #d tkuk iM+kA mudh vekur esa ls gh mudk
lrkjhvk ¼lrjgha½ 24-11-54 dks euk;k x;k] v[kaM ikB vkSj iDdk
HkaMkjk fd;k x;kA 1-12-54 dks lhVsa fjt+oZ djkds jsy }kjk fnYyh ukfld
ds lsodksa dh lsok ysrs gq, 3-12-54 dks cacbZ igq¡psA ogk¡ LVs'ku ij ogk¡
dh leLr laxr vkbZ gqbZ FkhA vknj lRdkj ds ckn dkj }kjk MkW- lar
jkenkl vius ?kj ys x;kA ifjokj lfgr izse ls lsok djus yxkA lRlax
fuR; gksus yxk ftlesa Jksrkx.k vf/kdkf/kd la[;k esa vkus yxs vkSj lRlax
236 vkRe lfjrk

dj rFkk lsok dj iq.;ktZu djus yxsA lRlax ls izHkkfor gksdj f'kdkjiqjh

lsB yNeunkl us vius fuokl LFkku ij ys tkus dh 'kqHkkfHkyk"kk O;Dr dhA
gekjs dgus ij mlus MkW- lar jkenkl ls iwNk&mUgksaus dgk fd iwuk ls okil
vkus ij vius ;gk¡ ys tkukA
lu~ 1955
13-2-55 dks xqykc psukuh ds ikl iwuk x,A ogk¡ dh laxr us Lokxr
fd;k rFkk lsuk ds e/; jgsA [kMdoklyk esa xqykc Hkoukuh ds ;gk¡ Hkh x,A
lRlax esa HkDrtuksa ds vykok lsukf/kdkjh Hkh vkus yxs vkSj izse ls lRlax
djus yxsA 9-3-55 dks lHkh iwukoklh HkDrksas dh lsok ysdj rFkk lR;/keZ
dk mins'k nsdj cacbZ okil vk,A yNeunkl Kkupan LVs'ku ij gh laxr
ds lkFk feysA dkj }kjk vius fuokl LFkku ij ys x,A lRlax gksus yxk]
cacbZ dh laxr us ;gk¡ vkuk vkjaHk dj fn;kA
geus viuk vkWijs'ku djokuk Fkk tks yNeunkl us cM+s izse vkSj
mRlkg ls djok;kA lkjk dke ?kj ij gh gqvkA ân; [kksydj O;; fd;kA
lsok ls izlUu fd;k] mldh vkarfjd vfHkyk"kk iwjh gqbZA vkWijs'ku ds Bhd
gksus ij lRlax dh lekfIr dh xbZA 24-6-55 dks du[ky ds fy, okil
gq,A lHkh lRlaxh LVs'ku ij NksM+us ds fy, vk,A cM+s lRdkj ds lkFk fonk
fd;k x;kA ,d fnu jgdj du[ky okil vk x,A LFkku ds izca/k dk
lapkyu djus yxsA elwjh Hkh x,A LFkku dh ns[k&js[k dhA egkjkt dh
vBkjgoha cjlh ikl vk pqdh FkhA vr% mldk izcU/k fd;kA bl o"kZ Hkh
izsehtu nwj&nwj ls vk, FksA HkkbZ nkSyrjke dk ifjokj vk;kA cM+s mRlkg isze
ls lar&egkRekvksa rFkk HkDrtuksa ds lkFk cjlh eukbZA
lu~ 1956
4-7-56 dks lsB ijekuan dks dqeyk egrkuh us i= rFkk 200 #- dh
jde Hksth vkSj prq ds C;kg ¼fookg½ ij dydÙks vkus dh izkFkZuk dhA vr%
vkRe lfjrk 237

15-7-56 dks du[ky ls lhVsa fjt+oZ djkdj 17-7-56 dks dydÙkk

igq¡psA ogk¡ LVs'ku ij lsB ijekuan] HkkbZ nkSyrjke] Vksiunkl vkfn HkDr
Lokxr ds fy, vk, gq, FksA gekjs lkFk ukjk;.k flag rFkk n'kZuflag FksA prq
dk C;kg cM+s mRlkg ,oa /kwe&/kke ds lkFk gqvkA tksM+h dks fpjathoh ,oa
lkSHkkX;'kkyh gksus dk vk'khokZn fn;kA 11-8-56 dks loZdk;Z lEiUu
djkdj cukjl vk, vkSj ogk¡ larksa dks iDdk HkaMkjk nsdj 17-8-56 dks
du[ky vk,A ;gk¡ oklnso egrkuh us vius fuokl LFkku ij pydj jgus
dh izkFkZuk dhA ,d lIrkg y[kuÅ jgsA HkkbZ Vgyjke rFkk y[kuÅ ds vU;
HkDrksa us J)k ls lsok dhA 26-8-56 dks du[ky okil vk x,A Jh iwT;
egkjkt dh mUuhloha cjlh dh rS;kjh vkjaHk dhA HkkbZ nkSyrjke dk ifjokj
bl o"kZ Hkh vk;k vkSj cM+s J)k&isze ls cjlh esa 'kkfey gq,A cjlh /kwe&
/kke ls eukbZ xbZA lar&egkRekvksa rFkk ln~x`gLFkksa us cM+s isze ls Hkkx fy;kA
egk'kksd
HkkbZ nkSyrjke dk ifjokj cjlh ds ckn tSls gh dydÙkk okil x;k fd
igq¡pus ds dqN gh fnuksa ckn HkkbZ nkSyrjke dk LoxZokl gks x;k ftldk tsBh
HkkbZ dks cgqr vf/kd nq%[k gqvkA muds ân; dks 'kkafr ,oa /kS;Z nsus ds fy,
gesa nksckjk fQj dydÙkk tkuk iM+kA 15-12-56 dks ;gk¡ ls pydj 17-
12-56 dks dydÙkk igq¡psA LVs'ku ij Lokxr ds fy, HkDrtu vk, gq, FksA
ge dkj }kjk fuokl LFkku ij igq¡psA lRlax] ikB] mins'k vkjEHk fd;k]
HkkbZ dks 'kkfUr feyhA
lu~ 1957
tsBh HkkbZ dks /kS;Z nsdj 26-1-57 dks xkM+h ls pydj lh/ks du[ky
igq¡psA bl o"kZ vk;q vf/kd gksus ds dkj.k] LokLF; ykHk gsrq ;gk¡ vkJe esa
gh jgs] vU;= dgha ugha x,A Jh iwT; egkjkt dh cjlh Hkh cM+s isze&J)k
ls ln~x`gLFk ,oa lar&egkRekvksa ds lkFk feydj eukbZA ;g chloha cjlh Fkh
238 vkRe lfjrk

egkjkt dhA
nhoku /keZnkl fdadjh ekbZ eulq[kkuh dh iq=h dh 'kknh ij cqyk;k ij
tc tkus esa foo'krk crkbZ rks mUgksaus dgk&vius LFkku ij viuk lar Hkst
nhft,A vr% geus ukjk;.k flag dks HkstkA og ogk¡ lfEefyr gksus ds fy,
21-3-58 dks ;gk¡ ls jokuk gksdj 29-3-58 dks 'kknh esa 'kkfey gq,A esjs
}kjk Hkstk x;k c[kj tksM+h dks fn;k x;k rFkk mUgsa vk'khokZn fn;kA cacbZ esa
lRlax dj rFkk lsok&iwtk ys 15-5-58 dks okil vk,A esjs vLoLFk gksus
ij egar eku flag th dq'ky iwNus o ns[kus ds fy, vk, vkSj ;gha esjs ikl
du[ky esa jgsA nqHkkZX; gekjk fd 24-7-58 dks mUgsa v/kjax ¼i{kk?kkr½ gks
x;kA mudh fpfdRlk lqpk: :i ls vkjaHk dj nh xbZA 12-9-58 dks
nhoku fd'kupan HkEHkhekbZ fxnokuh us eUuq ds fookg ij n'kZu nsus rFkk
vk'khokZn nsus ds fy, vkus dh izkFkZuk dh vkSj 200 #- fdjk;s ds fy, Hkst
fn;kA vr% 21-9-58 dks cl }kjk fnYyh igq¡psA vM~Ms ij fd'kupan ds
vykok jkepan rFkk fnYyh dh laxr vkbZ gqbZ FkhA C;kg ds dkj.k vf/kd
esgekuksa ds vk tkus ls fd'kupan ds ikl Bgjdj jkepan ch- yhykjke ds
;gk¡ BgjsA C;kg /kwe&/kke ls gqvk] geus c[kj rFkk vk'khokZn tksM+h dks
fn;kA 26-9-58 dks fnYyh dh laxr dh lsok Lohdkj dj du[ky vk x,
rFkk egkjkt dh 21oha cjlh dh rS;kjh vkjaHk dj nhA le; ij lar&
egkRekvksa ds lkFk feydj /kwe&/kke ds lkFk cjlh eukbZA lsB feV~Bkjke
fnYyh okykssa ds iq= dk C;kg gksuk Fkk ftl ij mUgksaus vkus dh izkFkZuk dh
rFkk fdjk;k HkstkA bl volj ij igq¡pus ds fy, 22-11-58 dks cl ls
fnYyh x,A ;gk¡ dh laxr us cM+s mRlkg ls vknj&lRdkj fd;kA C;kg gksus
ij tksM+h dks c[kj rFkk fpjathoh gksus dk vk'khokZn fn;kA feV~Bkjke us Hkh
isze&vknj ls lsok dhA 1-12-58 dks lc dh lsok ysdj du[ky okil vk
x,A
vkRe lfjrk 239

lsB yNeunkl Kkupan us vius iq= fxj/kkjh yky dh 'kknh ij vkdj

vk'khokZn nsus dh izkFkZuk dhA vr% mDr volj ij igqp¡ us ds fy, 8-12-58
dks ukjk;.k flag rFkk n'kZu flag dks lkFk ysdj cacbZ jokuk gq,A 10-12-58
dks jkLrs ds HkDrksa dh lsok Lohdkj djrs gq, cacbZ igq¡psA lHkh lsod yksx
cacbZ lsaVªy LVs'ku ij vk, gq, FksA Lokxr lRdkj ds i'pkr~ dkj }kjk
yNeunkl ds fuokl LFkku ij igq¡psA fxj/kkjhyky dk C;kg 5-12-58 dks
[kwc /kwe&/kke rFkk mRlkg ls gqvk geus Hkh xq# e;kZnkuqlkj ij[k rFkk
'kqHk&vk'khokZn fn;kA lRlax gksus yxkA
fueZy iapk;rh v[kkM+s ds Jh egar iafMr lqPpk flag th us =;acd esa
u;k edku cuok;k Fkk] mlds mn~?kkVu gsrq gekjs ikl cacbZ vk, vkSj
=;acd pyus ds fy, izsj.kk nhA
lu~ 1959
31-1-59 dks fojDr fuDdk flag th] ukjk;.k flag] n'kZu flag dks
lkFk ysdj dkj }kjk =;acd igq¡psA ogk¡ Jh xq# xzaFk lkfgc dk v[kaM&ikB
djok;k rFkk xq#xzaFk lkfgc Hkou esa LFkkfir fd,A tqywl fudkyk rFkk
le"Vh HkaMkjk fd;kA v[kaM&ikB rFkk HkaMkjs dk O;; 1152 #- gqvkA
3-2-59 dks okil yNeu nkl ds ikl cacbZ vk x,A
fojDr th us nf{k.k ds rhFkksZa dh ;k=k ugha dh Fkh fdarq os djuk pkgrs
FksA bl mnn~s'; dk irk yNeunkl dks yxk] mUgksaus 1000 #- dk [kpZ
nsdj ;k=k ds fy, dgk] ij fojDr th us 500 #- gh fy;k] ckdh okil
dj fn;kA fojDr th n'kZu flag dks lkFk ysdj ;k=k ds fy, x,A [kpZ ds
fy, dqy jde n'kZu flag ds ikl gh jghA
txUukFk jkes oj rFkk vkSj izfl) rhFkZ&LFkkuksa dh ;k=k djrs gq,
dydÙkk igq¡psA ogk¡ yNeu nkl ds iq= vacq ds ikl BgjsA mlus Hkh cM+s
vknj&lRdkj ls lsok dhA iVuk dh ;k=k dj n'kZu flag gekjs ikl vk
240 vkRe lfjrk

x;kA fojDr th jktx<+ vkfn dh ;k=k djus ds fy, #d x,A

lsB nsohnkl Msouey cthjkuh dh bPNk gesa vius ?kj ys tkdj lsok
djus dh gqbZA gekjs dgus ds vuqlkj mUgksaus lsB yNeu nkl ls vkKk
ek¡xhA mlls vkKk ysdj 8-2-59 dks larksa lfgr gesa vius fuokl LFkku
ij ys x,A lRlax ;gk¡ Hkh gksus yxk] laxr vkus yxhA
29-3-59 rd ;gk¡ jgdj lsodksa dh lsok&iwtk ysdj vkSj mUgsa
vk'khokZn nsdj du[ky okil gq,A jkg esa HkDrtuksa ls ijLij ln~O;ogkj
ls larq"V gksdj 31-3-59 dks du[ky igq¡psA du[ky esa egar eku flag th
dh lsok laHkky vkSj yxu ds lkFk mudh nok&cwVh djkrs jgsA _f"kds'k]
elwjh rFkk cukjl ds LFkkuksa dh ns[k&js[k dhA Jh iwT; egkjkt dh 22oha
cjlh dh rS;kjh dhA le; ij larksa] iszeh HkDrtuksa lfgr J)kiw.kZ jhfr ls
eukbZA bl o"kZ Hkh tsBh ekbZ ea?kkjke viuh iRuh ea?kh ds lkFk vk, FksA bl
o"kZ bl ds i'pkr~ dgha ugha x,A
q
vkRe lfjrk 241

rjax 58

lu~ 1960 egar eku flag th dk CkSdqaBokl

lar eku flag th vfr fuekZ.k] uez] fu"diV ,oa loZtu fgrdkjh
vr,o loZfiz; egkiq#"k FksA vr% loZ egkRek xq#&HkkbZ mudh nok&nk: dh
cgqr fpark j[krs FksA lc dh euksHkkouk Fkh fd mUgsa fdlh fdLe dk d"V u
gksus ik,A gj le; ,d&nks O;fDr gkFk tksM+dj lsok esa gkftj jgrs Fks ij
fQj Hkh mUgsa vlk/; jksx dk tks LokHkkfod d"V Fkk mls dkSu nwj dj ldrk
FkkA cgqr bykt fd;k ij lc O;FkZA dksbZ nok dkjxj lkfcr u gqbZA 'kjhj
ân; vkSj 'okl izfriy {kh.k gksrs pys x;sA mudh n'kk vR;ar n;uh; gks
xbZ Fkh ij D;k dj ldrh Fkh 'kfDrghu foo'k thoksa dh n;k\ vkf[kj
esgjcku ekSr gh mu ij esgjcku gqbZA n;kyq dky Hkxoku us mUgsa I;kjs iq=
dh rjg xksn esa mBk fy;kA 17-2-60 dks os bl Qkuh nqfu;k dks vyfonk
dg x,A
losjs vkB cts Fks] loZ lar lekt lfEefyr FkkA bl nnZ foNksM+s dh ?kM+h
esa vk¡[ksa McMck vk;ha xq#&Hkkb;ksa dhA tc mUgsa fcuk eqgwrZ ds xq#&HkkbZ dh
Mksyh dks mBkuk iM+kA tqywl 'kq: gqvk] cSaM ckts dh Loj&ygjh d#.kk dh
osnuk fc[ksj jgh Fkh] du[ky ds cktkjksa esaA vUrr% iq.;rks;k txnEck xaxk
dh xksn esa mUgsa ty&lekf/k ns nh xbZA okil vkdj egar vkRek flag th o
xq#&Hkkb;ksa us Jh v[kaM ikB dk 'kqHkkjEHk fd;k vkSj lkr ikB ,d jl fd,
x,A ikBksa dh lekfIr 27-2-60 dks gqbZA ikBksa dh lekfIr ij lTtu tuksa
us Hkjs fny ls J)katfy;ka vfiZr dhaA fcNksM+s ds vlgk; nnZ dks gYdk djus
242 vkRe lfjrk

ds fy, egar vkRek flag o xq#Hkkb;ksa dh vksj ls lef"V HkaMkjk fd;k x;kA
loZ lekxr lTtuksa dks lRdkj iwoZd nf{k.kk nh xbZA
bu lc dk O;; fuEufyf[kr vuqlkj gS%&
497 #0 ikfB;ksa dh iwtkA
1203 #0 58 ikfB;ksa dks diM+k fn;kA
1200 #0 nf{k.kk larksa dks HkaMkjk esaA
1336 #0 HkaMkjs ij O;; gqvkA
4236 #0 58 dqy [kpZ gqvkA
bl volj ij egar vkRek flag th ds Hkkr`&izse vkSj mnkjrk dh lekt
esa cgqr iz'kalk gqbZA
Jh egkjkt dh rsbZloha o"khZ izR;sd o"kZ dh Hkkafr lar egkRekvksa rFkk
J)kyq HkDrtuksa ds lkFk feydj J)k iwoZd eukbZA izsehtuksa us lsok&iwtk
dj viuh euksdkeuk iw.kZ dhA 16-11-60 dks lsB nsohnkl Msouey us
vius fuokl LFkku ij cqykdj lsok dk volj nsus dh izkFkZuk dh rFkk
fdjk;s ds fy, 300 #- Hkst fn;sA mudh izkFkZuk Lohdkj dj 25-11-60
dks du[ky ls pydj jkLrs esa HkDrtuksa dh lsok ysrs gq, 27-11-60 dks
cacbZ lSaVªy LVs'ku ij igq¡psA laxr us cM+s isze ls Lokxr fd;kA dkj }kjk
ckanjk ds nsohnkl ds fuokl LFkku ij igq¡psA lRlax gksrk jgkA 24-12-60
dks xq# eafnj ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dh izsj.kk ls ogk¡ x,]n'kZu fd;kA ikB dh
lekfIr ij xq#&Hkxoku dks Hkksx yxk;kA laxr us n'kZu fd;sA cEcbZ ds
lsodksa ds fookg vkfn voljksa ij oj&o/kw dks c[kj rFkk vk'khokZn nsrs jgsA
lu~ 1961
y[kuÅ esa fookgksa esa mRloksa dh Qqy>fM+;k¡
11-1-61 dks y[kuÅ okys jkepan [kq'kkynkl ds csVs dh 'kknh ij x,]
c[kj ,oa vk'khokZn fn;kA 15-1-61 dks eksgu flag&Lo:i flag vkMokuh
vkRe lfjrk 243

dh iq=h 'kdqaryk dk C;kg xq#&eafnj esa gqvkA tksM+kas dks c[kj rFkk vk'khokZn
fn;kA 23-1-61 dks banz lagkuh d`iky nkl ds csVs dk C;kg gqvk] c[kj
rFkk vk'khokZn fn;kA 29-1-61 dks nsohnkl ds csVs fd'kupan dk fookg
Qrsgpan lsokjke dh iq=h fueh ls gqvkA egkjkt us c[kj rFkk lqHkkxh gksus
dk vk'khokZn fn;kA fd'ku eydkuh vkSj #dek] nsohnkl ls vkKk ysdj
vkB fnu ds fy, ukjk;.k flag rFkk n'kZu flag dks vius fuokl LFkku ij ys
x,A isez ls lsok dhA 2-2-61 ls 9-2-61 rd fd'ku ds ?kj rFkk 9-2-61
ls 23-2-61 rd Hkxokunkl lsokuh ds fuokl LFkku ij jgsA lsB
Hkxokunkl mudh ekrk dqyeh ekbZ rFkk mudh L=h us izse ls lsok dhA
23-2-61 ls 10-3-61 rd fd'kupan larnkl ds ?kj jgsA lRlax gksrk
jgkA 10-3-61 dks igq¡p] ekbZ ds nsoj ds csVs dk fookg gqvkA tksM+h dks
c[kj rFkk vk'khokZn fn;kA 10-3-61 dks fQj nsohnkl ds ikl ckanjk esa vk
x;sA 18-3-61 dks nhoku ts- ch- fd'kupan vkMokuh vk;k vkSj isze ls
lsok djus yxkA ghjkuan eksguh us Hkh cM+s vknj lRdkj ls lsok dhA
14-4-61 dks lsB fd'kupan eksVey dksyEcks okyksa ds csVs yNeunkl
dk C;kg gqvkA tksM+h dks c[kj rFkk vk'khokZn fn;kA fd'ku eydkuh dk
fookg bafnjk ds lkFk gqvkA mUgsa Hkh c[kj rFkk vk'khokZn fn;kA
cEcbZ BV~Vs dh laxr] f'kdkjiqjh] dksyEcks] iwuk rFkk fnYyh dh laxr us
cM+s vknj lRdkj ls lsok vkSj iwtk dhA mUgksaus izse ls lsok dj vius eu
dh vfHkyk"kk iwjh dhA lcdh HkfDriw.kZ lsok&HksaV Lohdkj djds 22-4-61
dks cEcbZ ls pydj jkLrs esa cM+kSnk rFkk fnYyh ds lsodksa dh lsok ysrs gq,
24-4-61 dks du[ky fueZy ckx ig¡qp x,A
bl o"kZ Hkh vkius vius xq#nso ckck cqM~<k flag egkjkt dh pkSchloha
o"khZ /kwe/kke ds lkFk eukbZA q
244 vkRe lfjrk

rjax 59

iw.kZ panzksn;
tc ls l`f"V dk izkjaHk gqvk gS rHkh ls izd`fr ds fu;ekuqlkj ,d oLrq ds
xqtj tkus ds ckn mlds LFkku dh iwfrZ ds fy, nqljk iwjd oLrq rqjar vk
tkrh gSA dkyh jkr ds va/ksjs dks fNUu&fHkUu djrh gqbZ m"kk inkiZ.k djrh
gSA mlds ckn jDrkHk lw;Z lqugjh fdj.kksa dk tky /kjkry ij fcNk nsrk gS
;k ;ksa dfg;s fd izd`fr x`fg.kh ds fo'kky izkax.k dh gj ,d oLrq ij lksus dh
>ky&lh Qsj nsrk gSA rnuarj rhozrj fdj.kksa ls fo'o ds gj dksus esa fNidj
cSBs gq, va/kdkj :ih dkys nSR; dks ekj Hkxkrk gSA tho&tarqvksa dhs vk¡[kksa
dks izdk'k nsrk gSA jkr dh lnhZ ls tdM+s gq, 'kjhjksa dks xehZ nsdj pqLrh
iznku djrk gSA vius iz[kj izrki ls lalkj dks larIr djrk gqvk vkf[kj
vLrkpy dh xgjh xqQk esa tk fxjrk gSA lw;kZLr ds ckn izd`fr Lo&
fu;ekuqlkj lw;Z ds LFkku&iwfrZ ds fy, pk¡n dks Hkstdj ubZ nqfu;k dks
mtkyk iznku djrh gSA iw.kZ panzksn; ls larIr /kjkry dks 'kkafr feyrh gSA
Je&Dykar esgurd'kksa dks jkgr feyrh gSA cl blh izdkj ;g flyflyk
tkjh jgrk gSA blh fu;e ds vuqlkj lalkj esa ,d nwljs ds ckn egkiq#"k
vkrs&tkrs jgrs gSaA
vkrl nquh;k [kqud ukeq [kqnkbvkA ¼iUuk 1291½
xq# ukud ds bl opukuqlkj rki=;h ds rki dh vkx ls ty jgh
nqfu;k dks izHkq ds uke&ve`r dh 'khry /kkjk cgkdj 'kkafr iznku djrs gSaA
izd`fr dk ;g fu;e ;gk¡ ij Hkh ykxw gksrk gSA egar ckck cqM~<k flag th
vkRe lfjrk 245

izcy izrkih lw;Z ds leku rstLoh FksA mudk bruk izHkko Fkk fd fdlh dks
muds lkeus Å¡ph lk¡l ysus dk lkgl ugha gksrk FkkA ;gk¡ rd fd mudh
tku ysus ds fy, x, [k¡w[kkj O;fDr;ksa dks muds lkeus vkrs gh nqe nckdj
fNi tkuk iM+k FkkA esjs fe= e- clar flag th dks bu Øwj O;fDr;ksa us [kqn
crk;k Fkk fd ge mUgsa ekjus ds fy, x;s ij mUgsa ns[krs gh gesa bjknk cny
nsuk iM+k vkSj okil ykSV vk,A
dqnjr ds dkuwu ds eqrkfcd bl 'kga'kkg Qdhj us tc vxyh nqfu;k ds
fy, lQj fd;k ;k ;ksa dfg;s fd /kjkry ds bl lw;Z dk rst tc vuar
egkrst esa yhu gks x;k rks larIr lalkj dks 'kkafr iznku djus ds fy, iw.kZ
panzksn; ds :i esa egk'kkar vkRek] egar vkRek flag th dk vkfoHkkZo gqvkA
vkius /keZ&izseh HkDrtuksa ds fy;s HkfDr&Kku vkSj /kkfeZd fopkjksa dh fueZy
xax&/kkj dks cjkcj tkjh j[kkA HkDrtuksa ds ân;&eafnj dks v/;kRe&Kku
dk nhi tykdj vkyksfdr djrs jgsA vkids eq[kkjfoan ls HkfDrHkko dh
Kku&xaHkhj ckrksa dks lqudj izsehtuksa ds eu&eafnj vkuan ls ifjiw.kZ gks tkrs
vkSj mUgsa 'kkafr feyrhA
T;ksa&T;ksa vkidh vk;q c<+rh xbZ R;ksa&R;ksa izHkq&pj.kksa esa izse vkSj
ijksidkj&o`fÙk izcy gksrh xbZA nhu&ghu vkSj nq%[kh&nfjnzksa dks ns[kdj
vkidk ân; O;kdqy gks mBrk FkkA os muds nq%[k&nnksZa dks ns[kdj v/khj gks
tkrs FksA os vius I;kjs izHkq ls fou; djrs fd gs izHkq! vxj mu nqf[k;ksa ds
reke nq[kksa dks eSa gh Hkksx yw¡ vkSj os cspkjs nq[k&eqDr gksdj vlhe lq[k vkSj
vykSfdd vkuan dk vuqHko djsa rks fdruk vPNk gksA n;kfu/ks! fdruk
larks"k feys esjh v/khj vkRek dksA
;gk¡ rd mDr egkiq#"k dk Lo;a xq#nso flag ch-,- ds gkFk ls fy[kok;k
gqvk thou dqN la'kks/ku vkSj lao/kZu ds lkFk fy[k pqds gSaA vc vkxs mUgksaus
dqN ugha fy[kkA vr% ge mudh fy[kh Mk;fj;k¡ vkSj cgh[kkrs ls tks dqN
246 vkRe lfjrk

miyC/k gks ldk ;k muds f'k";ksa ls lquk vkSj dqN vk¡[kksa&ns[kk thou fy[kus
dk ;Ru djsaxsA
cacbZ] cM+kSnk vkSj fnYyh dh ;k=k dj 24 fnlEcj lu~ 1961 dks vki
du[ky ig¡qp x,A vkxs os bl o"kZ dgha ugha x;sA vius LFkkuksas dh ns[k&js[k]
ejEer o uo&fuekZ.k esa yxs jgs vkSj f'k";ksa dks lk/kuk dh =qfV;k¡ crykdj
mUgsa lko/kku djrs jgs fd ns[kuk dHkh lk/kuk ls izekn u djukA
lsok&lRlax] Lok/;k;] fleju ls mnklhu er gks tkukA bZ";kZ&en&eRlj
eksguh ek;k dh vksj ls tkx:d jgdj ns[krs jguk fd dgha fdlh f[kM+dh
ls os Hkhrj u ?kql vk;sA
bl o"kZ Hkh vkius xq#&Hkkb;ksa vkSj izsehtuksa ds lkFk feydj vius
xq#nso dh pkSchloha o"khZ vfr mRlkg vkSj J)k&iwoZd eukbZA bl o"kZ
fojDroj Jheku~ iafMr fuDdk flag th] muds f'k"; xksiky th] eqfu th]
fHk{kq th vkfn ,oa Kkuh fc'ku flag th ØhV] iafMr j?kqohj flag th 'kkL=h
lariqjk] fueZy iapk;rh v[kkM+k ds Jh egar iafMr lqPpk flag th vkSj bu
iafDr;ksa dk ys[kd rFkk eksguh ckbZ dh dhrZu&eaMyh vkfn 'kkfey gq,A
oDrkvksa us vfr izse ls J)katfy;ka vfiZr dhaA "kV~&n'kZu lk/kq&lekt dks
iDdk HkaMkjk fn;k x;kA
lu~ 1962 dqaHk esyk gfj}kj
l=g (17) Qjojh] lu~ 1962 dks tsBh ckbZ du[ky ig¡qphA mlus
izkFkZuk dh fd 12 ekpZ dks eSaus viuh ekrk ds fufeÙk v[kaM ikB djkus dk
dk;ZØe cuk;k gS vr% vkids pj.kksa essa fouhr izkFkZuk gS fd vki mDr
volj ij vo'; i/kkfj;s] fdjk;s ds fy;s mlus 300 #i;k fudky dj
pj.kksa ij j[k fn,] ij egkjkt us #i;s okil djrs gq, foo'krk O;Dr dh
D;ksafd bl o"kZ gfj}kj dk dqEHk ioZ gS vr% bl o"kZ ge dgha ugha tk ldrsA
vkRe lfjrk 247

cgqr lk lkeku tqVkuk gS vkSj v[kkM+s ds dke esa lg;ksx nsuk gSA cgqr lk/kq
egkRek vkSj izseh HkDr Hkh vk,axs] mu lc dh lsok laHkky dk cgqr cM+k
dke gSA ml dke esa vHkh ls tqV tk,axs rHkh bl egku ioZ dks lQyrk
iwoZd euk ldrs gSaA rc tsBh ckbZ vkSj mlds lkFk vk;s HkDrksa us vkils
iwNk fd egkjkt! dqaHk dk vFkZ D;k gS vkSj bldk izkjaHk dc gqvk \ rc
vkius dgk fd bldk ,sfrgkfld izek.k rks dgha ugha feyrk ;kuh tks
bfrgkl dh ifjHkk"kk ds varXkZr vkrk gksA fdlh ,sfrgkfld iqLrd esa bldk
dgha mYys[k Hkh ugha gSA gka ! vfr izkphu iqjk.kksa esa bldk o.kZu bl izdkj gS&
vfr izkphu dky esa nsork vkSj nSR;ksa us feydj leqnzeaFku fd;kA bl
dke ds fy, eanjkpy ioZr dks eFkuh vkSj oklqdh ukx dks us=k ¼eFkuh dks
b/kj m/kj foyksMu djus dh jLLkh½ cuk;k FkkA leqnz eUFku ls pkSng jRu
fudysA mu pkSng jRuksa esa ,d ve`r vkSj 'kjkc FkhA nsork Lo;a ve`r ysuk
pkgrs Fks vkSj nSR;ksa dks mlls oafpr j[kuk pkgrs FksA rks nSR; vM+ x, vkSj
;q) ds fy, rS;kj gks x, rks Hkxoku fo".kq us eksguh :i cuk;k vkSj u`R;
xku djus yxsA cl nSR; eksguh ds laxhr u`R; ij eksfgr gks x,A bl
ea=&eqX/k dh voLFkk esa] bl fujkyh eLrh esa mUgsa 'kjkc fiyk nh xbZ vkSj
ve`r ?kV dks fNik fy;k x;kA tc nSR; gks'k esa vk, rks mUgsa nsorkvksa ds
diV dk irk pyk vkSj bl ve`r iw.kZ dqaHk ds fy, nso&nSR; laxzke fNM+
x;kA blh nkSjku nsojkt dk iq= t;ar ve`r dy'k dks ysdj Hkkx fudykA
LoxZ dh vksj Hkkxrs gq, t;ar us Fkd dj pkj LFkkuksa esa foJke fd;kA os
LFkku Fks ukfld] mTtSu] iz;kx vkSj gfj}kjA bu LFkkuksa esa dqaHk ds j[kus ds
dkj.k ;gk¡ ve`r dh dqN cw¡ns fxjha] ogk¡&ogk¡ dqaHk dk esyk yxus yxkA fdlh
iqjk.k esa t;ar dh txg x:M+ dk uke vkrk gS fd og vius etcwr iatksa esa
dqaHk dks idM+ dj ys x;k FkkA
248 vkRe lfjrk

dqaHk dc vkSj dgk¡&dgk¡ gksrk gS \

c`gLifr nsorkvksa ds xq# gSaA vr% os cqf) ds vkSj o`f) ds xzg ekus tkrs
gSaA c`gLifr ,d jkf'k ls nwljh jkf'k esa ckjg o"kZ ds ckn izos'k djrs gSaA o`"k]
flag] o`f'pd vkSj dqaHk LFkkbZ jkf'k;ka gSaA ftl dky esa Ck`gLifr dk izos'k bu
fLFkj jkf'k;ksa esa gksrk gS rks dqaHk ds ;ksx ls dqaHk dk ikou ioZ ekuk tkrk gSA
mls dqaHk esys dk uke fn;k tkrk gSA dqEHk ds pkj esys gksrs gSaA Ck`gLifr tc
ek?k esa dqaHk jkf'k esa tkrk gS rc iz;kx esa dqaHk esyk yxrk gSA cS'kk[k ekl esa
c`gLifr dk izos'k o`"k jkf'k esa gksrk gS rks HkkxhjFkh xaxk ds rV ij gfj}kj esa
f}rh; dqaHk gksrk gSA flag jkf'k esa izos'k ds volj ij ukfld esa rhljk dqaHk
ekuk tkrk gS vkSj pkSFkk mTtSu esa dqaHk esyk gksrk gSA
blh izdkj pkj ufn;ksa ds fdukjs pkj dqaHk esys yxrs gSaA osn 'kkL=ksa ;k
,sfrgkfld xzaFkksa esa budk dgha mYys[k ugha fd;k x;k gS ijarq iqjk.kksa esa of.kZr
gSA lc laiznk;kas us budks ifo= ioZ eku fy;k gS vkSj ;g Hkh ekurs gSa fd
bu ikou ioksZa ij Luku nkukfn djus ls v{k; iq.; dh izkfIr gksrh gSA iki
/kqy tkrs gSaA ty ije ifo= gSA ty thoksa dk thou gS vFkok thoksa dks
thou iznku djus okyk egkjlk;u gSA ty LokLF; o/kZd gSA ty thfor
vkSj e`r O;fDr ds fy;s dY;k.kdkjh gSA xq# ukud nso dk opu gS&
eqb;k thofnvk xfr gksoS tka flfj ikbZ,s ik.khAA ¼iUuk 150½
oSls rks leLr ty ifo=] ikou] LokLF;dj vkSj lq[knkbZ gS] 'kkfUrizn gS]
ij ufn;ksa dk ty rks vfr egÙo iw.kZ gSA vR;f/kd xq.k lEiUu gSaA ufn;k¡
pkgs os fdlh vksj cg jgh gksa lHkh ekuo ds fy, dY;k.k dkfj.kh gSa&ifrr
ikouh gSa] txtuuh gSaA eRL; iqjk.k esa dgk gS&
lokZ% iq.; tyk% iq.;k% loZxk'p leqn~xk%AA
fo'oL; ekrj% loZ% lokZ iki gjk% 'kqHkk%AA
fo'ks"k dj fuEufyf[kr ufn;k¡ vfr iwT; gSa&
vkRe lfjrk 249

;Fkk&
xaxk] fla/kq] ljLorh p ;equk xksnkojh ueZnkAA
dkosjh lj;q egsanz ru;k peZ.korh osfndkAA
f{kizk os=orh egklqjunh] [;krxek xaMdhAA
o#.kk rkigjk egklqjunh lokZ 'kqHka dkfj.khAA
Åifj fyf[kr lHkh ufn;ksa dk ty Js;Ldj gSA ij xaxk ty dh efgek
rks o.kZukrhr gSA dksfV'k% J)kyqvksa ds fy, xaxk ty vfr ifo= vkSj
mikns; oLrq gSA xaxk rhj fuoklh dbZ egkRek xaxk ty ds vfrfjDr ty
xzg.k ugha djrsA xaxk ty iku ls gh os eks{k in dh izkfIr ekurs gSaA cksryksa
esa Hkjdj j[kk gqvk xaxk ty dHkh nwf"kr ugha gksrkA blh dkj.k Hkxoku
osnO;kl us gj iqjk.k esa xaxk th dk eqDr daB ls ;'kksxku fd;k gS&
;= xaxk egk Hkkxk] l ns'k% loZ yksdkukaAA
fl) {ks=a foKs;a] xaxkrhj lefUore~AA
xaxkrhj layXu ns'k lc ds fy;s flf) izn {ks= gSA blh ls xaxkrhj ij txg&
txg rhFkZ LFkku cus gq, gSaA
rhFkZ LFkkuksa esa fd;k gqvk ti] ri] iq.;nku fo'ks"k Qynk;h gksrk gSA xq#
rsxcgknqj th us dgk gS fd gfjHktu vkSj rhFkZ lsou ds fcuk ekuo thou
fu"Qy gSA ;Fkk
uk gfj Hkts u rhjFk lsos pksVh dkfy xghA ¼iUuk 631½
bR;kfnA xq# rsxcgknqj th us rhFkks± esa tkdj nku iq.; vkfn Hkh Hkjiwj ek=k
esa fd, FksA vki tc iz;kx i/kkjs rks ogk¡ xaxk ds leku nku dh uwru /kkjk
cgk nhA vkidh vkn'kZ rhFkZ;k=k ds laca/k esa Lo;a Jh xq# xksfoan flag th
egkjkt us lqanj 'kCnksa esa fy[kk gS&
eqj fir iwjc fd;fl i;kukAA Hkk¡¡fr&Hkk¡fr ds rhjfFk ukukAA
Tkc gh tkr f=Cks.kh Hk,AA iqau nku fnu djr fcr,AA
250 vkRe lfjrk

bR;kfn opuksa ls xq# egkjkt us iq.;nku dk fo/kku fd;k gSA iqjk.k

'kkL=ksa esa rhFkksZa dh efgek dk cgqr gh #fpdj o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA ;Fkk gh&
rhFkkZ.kka lnZ'ka ukfLr 'kks/kua iki deZ.kke~AA
ufg rhFkkZ.kka&ifo=feg fo|rsAA
iki deksZa dks /kksus ds fy, rhFkZ&lsou ds leku vU; dksbZ lk/ku ugha gSA
rhFkZ&ty ds leku vU; dksbZ oLrq eu dks ifo= djus okyh ugha gSA
rhFkZ esa tkdj iq.;] nku] Hktu] lqfeju] iwtk&ikB] uke&ti] ladhrZu]
lR;&lEHkk"k.k] lsok&lRlax] vkfn 'kqHkdk;Z djrs jguk pkfg,A >wB cksyuk]
pksjh] Ny&diV] O;fHkpkj] vukpkj vkfn nq"deksZa ls cp dj jguk pkfg,]
vU;Fkk rhFkZ&lsou dk Qy ugha feyrkA
rhFkZ&Lukukfn dk Qy fdls feyrk gSA bl ckr dks uhps fy[ks yksd esa
Li"V fd;k x;k gS&
;L; gLrkS p iknkS p eu pSo rq la;re~AA
losZfUnz;kf.k cqf} p l rhFkZ Qye uqrsAA
rhFkkZfn ifo= LFkkuksa esa tkdj eu] cqf)] gLr ikn] vkSj ok.kh vkfn ij
'kklu dj la;e j[kus okyk O;fDr gh rhFkZQy dks izkIr dj ldrk gSA
rhFkksZa ij tkdj pksjh&Bxh vkfn ?k`f.kr deZ djus okyksa dk ft+Ø djrs
gq, xq# ukud nso th us izrkM+uk dh gS&
uko.k pys rhjFkh efu [kksVS rfu pksjAA
bdq Hkkm yFkh ukfrvk nqb Hkk pM+hvlq gksjAA
ckgfj /kksrh rwEkM+h vanfj folq fudksjAA
lk/k Hkys v.kukfrvk pksj fl pksjk pksjAA ¼iUuk 789½
vFkZ Li"V gS& ,sls Luku ls rks Luku u djuk gh vPNk gSA
vk/;kfRed O;k[;k
;g 'kjhj gh dqEHk gSA bl esa lRdeZ :i ve`r Hkjk gSA tSls dqaHk dk
vkRe lfjrk 251

ve`r] ve`rRo :i eks{k dk lk/ku gS] oSls gh ;g 'kjhj lR; lEHkk"k.k]

la;e vkSj mikluk vkfn lRdeksZa ds }kjk vkRe&Kku dk lk/ku gS vkSj
vkRe&Kku gh ve`r Lo:i eks{k dk lk/ku gSA
dqEHk czãKkuh xq#nso gSa] mUgha ds ikl vkReKku :i ve`r gSA ogh
vejrk iznku djus okyk ve`r gSA xq# ukud nso egkjkt dk opu gS&
ftlq ty fuf/k dkjf.k rqe tfx vk,
lks vafezrq xqj ikgh thmAA ¼iUuk 598½
dqaHk euq"; dk ân; gS] ml esa vkuan&fuf/k Hkxoku fojkteku gSaA mlh
dk futkRe :i ls vHksn&Kku gks tkus ij gh vej in izkIr gksrk gSA xq#
ukud nso th dgrs gSa&
eu js fFk# jgq erq dr tkgh thmAA
ckgfj <w<r cgqrq nq[kq ikofg ?kfj vafezrq ?kV ekgh thmAA
¼iUuk 598½
;Fkk&
egy efg cSBs vxe vikjAA ¼iUuk 1255½
ftu xaxk vkfn rhFkksZa esa ve`riw.kZ dqEHk j[kk x;k Fkk os rhFkZ Hkh ekuo ds
vUr%izns'k esa fLFkr gSaA xq# ukud nso th futok.kh ds }kjk dgrs gSa&
euq ean# ruq osl dyan# ?kV gh rhjfFk ukokAA
,dq lCknq esjSs izkfu clrq gS ckgqfM+ tUkfe u vkokAA ¼iUuk 795½
gk¡ ! bl ckr dks Hkwyuk er fd bu rhFkksZa esa Luku os gh iq.;kRek]
egkRek] egkiq#"k djrs gSa ftUgksaus fujarj vH;kl ds }kjk fut nsg] bafnz;]
eu] cqf) vkfn ij iw.kZ fu;a=.k LFkkfir dj fy;k gSA mUgha ds izk.k esa ,d
ve`r 'kCn dk fuokl gksrk gS ftu ds izk.k esa lks·ga 'kCn dk fuokl gks tk;s
rks ;g lEHko ugha fd mudk iqutZUe gks D;ksafd os rks czã esa vHksn gks x,A
czgefon~czgeSo HkofrA
252 vkRe lfjrk

bl izdkj HkDrksa dks nks fnu dqaHk dh dFkk lqukrs jgs vkSj vxys fnu
tsBh ckbZ vkfn HkDr dydÙkk dks jokuk gks x;sA
dqaHk dk vkjaHk
Tokykiqj esa] ugj fdukjs] tVokM+k ds iqy ij fnu ds vkB cts gSa] xaxk
th dh izkr% dkyhu 'khry iou esa fnu dh Å"ek dk lekos'k gks x;k gSA
iou dh 'khryrk lekIr gks tkus ls iou&Li'kZ vR;ar lq[knk;h cu x;k gSA
;g ean'khry iou] xq.kxzkgh lnkRek ds leku] ugj&rhjLFk miouksa ls o
vkl&ikl ds ckx&cxhpksa ls iq"i lkSjHk ysdj mls fnfXnxarj esa fc[ksj jgk
gSA ugj ds fdukjs dh lqanj r#ekyk eLrh esa >we jgh gS] ekuks iou nsoh
mUgsa viuh lq[kn xksn esa lqykdj yksfj;ka ns jgh gksA xaxk ugj Hkh Hkjh iwjh
tokuh dh eLrh esa mNy&dwn vkSj 'kksj&epkrh py jgh gSA og ;kSou ds
en esa fdukjs ds iRFkjksa ls Vdjk&Vdjk dj py jgh gSA rhjLFk isM+&ikS/ks ml
dh bl papyrk dks vk¡[ksa QkM+&QkM+ dj ns[k jgs gSaA r#&f'k[kjksa dh Vgfu;ksa
ij cSBs iaNh bu lc dh 'kjkjr Hkjh gjdrksa dks ns[k dj mudh isze&yhyk
ij izlUu gks e/kqj dyjo djrs gq, ekuks [kqf'k;ksa ds xhr xk jgs gSaA leLr
okrkoj.k gh [kqf'k;ksa ls Hkjk gqvk gSA
tVokM+s ds iqy ds fcYdqy ikl ,d NksVk&lk lqanj eafnj gSA bl esa dqN
dk"kk; os"k/kkjh vkSj dqN 'osr oL= okys] dksbZ ihyk iVdk fy,] ;kuh jax&
fcjaxs lar&egkRek bdV~Bs gks jgs gSaA eafnj esa vkus okys larksa dh HkhM+ c<+rh
tk jgh gS] dksbZ lksus&pkanh dk lkeku isfV;ksa ls ckgj fudky jgk gS rks dksbZ
mldh lQkbZ ij yxk gqvk gSA jktk&jk.kkvksa ds ?kj C;kg dh rjg pgy&
igy gSA ;g HkhM+ mlh rjg dh lqgkouh Fkh tSlh jke ds tekus esa fp=dwV
ij HkhM+ yxh Fkh] lar rqylh nkl us fuEufyf[kr nksgs esa mldk mYys[k fd;k
gS&
fp=dwV ds ?kkV ij HkbZ laru dh HkhjAA
vkRe lfjrk 253

rqylhnkl panu f?klS fryd nsr j?kqohjAA

gks rks jgk Fkk lc mlh rjg gh] ij fryd yxkrs gq, j?kqohj dks fdlh us
ns[kk fd ugha] ;g ugha crk;k tk ldrkA gk¡ ! gks ldrk gS fdlh guqeku us
pqids ls ns[k fy;k gksA j?kqchj dks ugha ns[kk ij eafnj ds vanj isM+ksa ij cgqr
ls canj rks n'kZu ns jgs FksA
dksbZ xk jgk Fkk] dksbZ ctk jgk Fkk] dHkh&dHkh cSaM okys dksbZ /kqu ctk
ysrs rks dHkh j.kfla?kksa dh ?ku?kksj vkokt lqukbZ ns tkrhA dHkh eqfutu&
eueksguh eqjyh dh /ofu lqukbZ iM+rh FkhA tVokM+k iqy dk ;g {ks= eq[kfjr
gks mBk Fkk] Hkkafr&Hkkafr dh Loj ygfj;ksa lsA
iqy ikj ls vkus okys nsgkrh ns[k&ns[k dj gSjku gks jgs FksA dksbZ ,d
Vksyh egkRekvksa dk n'kZu djus dks vk tkrhA dksbZ 'kgjh Hkh vk fudyrkA
fdlh ,d us iwN gh fy;k&vth ckck th ! ;g dSlh gS HkhM+ egkRekvksa dh \
D;k ektjk gS] ;g le> esa ugha vkrkA rks ,d lar us dgk] tkurs ugha fd
vkt ,dkn'kh dk ikou fnu gSA gk¡ ;g rks Bhd gS fd vkt ,dkn'kh gS ij
bl HkhM+ dk dkj.k D;k gS ;g ugha ekywe] ,d n'kZd us dgkA lar us dgk]
;g rks ekywe gS fd bl o"kZ xaxk th dk dqaHk gSA th gk¡ ;g rks ekywe gS] dqaHk
esys dh ckrsa rks ?kj ?kj esa py jgh gSaA lar us dgk cl mlh dqaHk esys ds
miy{; esa ;gk¡ ls fueZy v[kkM+s dh tekr dk 'kkgh tqywl fudysxkA
Tokykiqj du[ky ds cktkjksa ls gksrk gqvk gfj}kj fLFkr vius f'kfoj esa
tk,xk] cl blh 'kkgh ds fy;s ;g lc BkV&ckV gSA
budh ckr lekIr gksrs gh egar vkRek flag th vius f'k";ksa lfgr rkaxs
ls mrjs rks mUgsa ns[k] fueZy v[kkM+k ds egkea=h egar ljeq[k flag th muds
Lokxr ds fy, mBs rks vU;kU; egkRekvksa us Hkh mBdj mudk Lokxr fd;kA
eafnj fQj vkuan iw.kZ okrkZyki ls xawtus yxkA blh dksykgy Hkjs okrkoj.k
254 vkRe lfjrk

esa egar vkRek flag th v[kkM+k ds egar iafMr lqPpk flag th o v[kkM+s ds
vU; deZpkfj;ksa ls ijLij feysA lc egkRekvksa us [kq'kh eukbZA blh le;
egar vkRek flag th us 111 #i;s v[kkM+k dh iwtk dhA
blds rqjar ckn tqywl ds eq[; izca/kd egar f=yksd flag th us vkdj
egar vkRek flag th dks vfr uezrk vkSj lRdkj iwoZd ueLdkj fd;k vkSj
izkFkZuk dh fd gkFkh fcydqy rS;kj gaS] vki cSBus ds fy;s rS;kj gks tkb,A
bruk dgrs gh lts&/kts gkfFk;ksa dh drkj lkeus vk xbZA cSaM dh /ofu ds
chp izeq[k gkFkh ij egar lkfgc vkSj lksus ds lkeku ls lqanj lts gq, gkFkh
ij egar vkRek flag th dks fcBk;kA buds lkFk i`"B Hkkx esa buds lq;ksX;
f'k"; lar Kkuh ukjk;.k flag th tjhnkj N= ysdj cSBsA lksus ds lkeku ls
fd;k x;k bu nks izeq[k gkfFk;ksa dk J`axkj vR;ar n'kZuh; FkkA budh 'kksHkk
fujkyh FkhA ;s nsojkt banz ds ,sjkor ds leku >we&>we dj py jgs FksA
buds vkxs fnYyh okyk cSaM] ftlesa lRrj cSaM oknd Fks] py jgk FkkA bu
n'kZuh; nksuksa gkfFk;ksa ds ihNs vU;kU; egkRek gkfFk;ksa ij cSBs vk jgs FksA
pk¡nh ds fgjuksa okys jFk ij lokj Fks] iafMr f=yksd flag th vkSj iafMr
fugky flag th BkdqjA
bl izdkj ;g 'kkgh tqywl fujkyh 'kkuksa 'kkSdr ds lkFk fudykA
Tokykiqj vkSj du[ky ds cktkjksa esa turk us ân; [kksy dj egkRekvksa dh
'kkgh dk Lokxr fd;kA edkuksa dh Nrksa ij cSBh turk us LoxZ ds nsorkvksa
dh rjg tqywl ij Qwy cjlk,A txg&txg ij iszeh HkDrtuksa us BaMh ehBh
yLlh dk izca/k dj j[kk FkkA yksx cM+h J)k&lRdkj ds lkFk egkRekvksa dks
yLlh fiyk jgs FksA
Tokykiqj du[ky ds cktkjksa esa xq# ukud dh >akdh >qykrk gqvk tqywl
'kke ds lkr cts fueZyk Nkouh esa ldq'ky ig¡qpkA ;gk¡ ij gkFkh ls mrj dj
vkRe lfjrk 255

fQj v[kkM+s dh iwtk 111 #i;s egar ljeq[k flag th egkea=h v[kkM+k dks
fn,A 5 #i;s gFkoku dks vkSj 5 #i;s /keZ/otk dks viZ.k fd,A bl le;
ogk¡ ls ykSVdj fueZy ckx du[ky esa vk x,A QkYxqu lqnh 13 laor~
2019 rnuqlkj 1 ekpZ lu~ 1962 fnu jfookj dks izkr% 8 cts /keZ/otk
dh iwtk dh jLe vkjaHk gqbZA ;g jLe /otkjksg.k ds le; ;kuh >aMk [kM+k
djrs le; gksrh gSA blesa lc lar&egar /keZ/otk dh iwtk djrs gSaA gj
egar&lar dks viuh 'kfDr ds vuqlkj ykft+eh ¼vfuok;Z½ rkSj ij ;g iwtk
djuh gksrh gSA lc lar&egkRek bl iwtk dks iap ijes'oj dh iwtk ekurs
gaSA ftl fnu /otk&iwtu gks tkrk gS ml fnu ls dqaHk dh lekfIr i;Zar] lc
dh fjgk;'k] jks'kuh] jk'ku] Hkkstu&pk;&ikuh vkfn dk reke ¼lkjk½ [kpkZ
v[kkM+k dh vksj ls gksrk gSA
1111 #0 lc lar egarksa ds lkFk egar vkRek flag th usA
1111 #0 /keZ /otk dh iwtk ds viZ.k djds bl jde ¼jkf'k½ dk 'kqHkkjaHk
fd;kA
1111 #0 v[kaM ikB dh lekfIr ij Jh xq#xzaFk lkfgc dh iwtk dhA
90 #0 2 v[kaM ikB ds ikfB;ksa dh iwtkA
1111 #0 Jh egar lkfgc dh iwtk dhA
1111 #0 bl fnu ds HkaMkjs dh iwtk dhA
105 #0 Jh xq#xzaFk lkfgc dks ueLdkj n'kZu djus ds lkFk eRFkk VsdkA
05 #0 /keZ/otk dks ueLdkj djrs le;A
105 #0 gkFkh dh x.ks'k dh iwtkA
10 #0 xkM+hoku dks buke fn;kA
4879 #0 ;g [kpkZ 19 ekpZ dks /keZ/otk dh iwtk ds fnu dk gSA
mn~?kks"k
bl fnu vkius ;g ?kks"k.kk izlUu eu ls dh fd ftl fnu fdlh lar
256 vkRe lfjrk

egar dh vksj ls HkaMkjk u gks ;kfu tks fnu [kkyh gks ml fnu ds HkaMkjs dk
dqy [kpkZ gekjh vksj ls gksxkA v[kkM+s dk [kpkZ ugha gksuk pkfg,A
bl mn~?kks"k.kk ls vkidh t;&t;dkj rFkk ftankckn ds ukjs yxk, x,A
bu t;dkjksa ls vkleku xawt mBk FkkA
1443 #0 blds ik¡p fnu ckn 23 ekpZ pS=onh 2 rnuqlkj 23 ekpZ
dks fQj iDdk HkaMkjk Hks"k Hkxoku o vke turk dks fn;kA
uksV&v[kkM+s esa gksus okys HkaMkjs esa xjhc vehj gj dksbZ Hkkstu ik ldrk
gSA
pS=onh 13 rnuqlkj 3 vizSy lu~ 1962
1340 #0 fueZy iapk;rh v[kkM+k dks egar lkfgc us psd~ }kjk HkstkA
507 #0 tqywl ds fy,A
416 #0 vkidh vksj ls fuR;izfr dM+kg izlkn dk Hkksx yxk djrk Fkk vkSj
vjnkl gksrh FkhA dM+kg izlkn vkSj vjnkl nksuksa dks feykdj 1340 #0
fn;k x;kA
417 #0 rhu fnu dk yaxj vUu{ks= dk [kpkZA ;g rhu fnu [kkyh Fks ;kuh
bu fnuksa esa fdlh vU; lar egar dh vksj ls Hk.Mkjk u FkkA blfy;s bu
fjDr rhu fnuksa dh jlksbZ dk [kpkZ vkius vius ,syku ds vuqlkj fn;kA
4-4-62 pS=onh vekol dk 'kkgh tqywl
2 #0 fjD'kk dk HkkM+kA
5 #0 /keZ/otk dh iwtk 'kksHkk ;k=k ds vkjaHk ds le;A
15 #0 Jh xq#xzaFk lkfgc dh iwtk tqywl ds vkjaHk ds le;A
5 #0 gkFkhoku egkor) dks 'kkgh ls okfil vkdj] gkFkh ls mrjrs le;A
10 #0 /keZ /otk dks HksaV p<+k,] gkFkh ls mrjus ds le;A
12 #0 xq#xzaFk lkfgc dh iwtk] gkFkh ls mrj djA
bl 'kkgh tqywl esa Hkh egar eaMyh esa lcls vfxze LFkku nsdj vkidks
vkRe lfjrk 257

lEekfur fd;k x;kA bl tqywl esa Hkh lar ukjk;.k flag th vkids lkFk
Nkrk ysdj cSBs FksA
Jh egar lkfgc iafMr lqPpk flag th o vkids Lo.kZ lfTtr gkfFk;ksa dh
'kksHkk fujkyh FkhA
13 vizSy lu~ 1962
cSlk[kh Luku ds 'kkgh tqywl esa vkius gkFkh ij cSBus ls badkj dj fn;k
FkkA Lo;a VSDlh ysdj 'kksHkk ;k=k esa lfEefyr gq, FksA
12 #0 bl fnu iap ijes'oj dh iwtk dhA
uksV&blh fnu dqaHk ioZ dh lekfIr ekuh tkrh gSA dbaZ ,d lar iw.kZ
cSlk[k ekl i;±r xaxk th dk Luku djrs gSaA cSlk[k ekl dh lekfIr ij dqaHk
ioZ dh lekfIr ekurs gSaA ij v[kkM+s okys 13 vizSy rd Hkkstu vkfn ds
fy, ck/; gSaA ij fQj Hkh fueZy v[kkM+k lkStU; ds v/khu 15-16 vizSy
rd Hkkstu vkfn dk izca/k djrk gSA bl ds ckn du[ky dksBh esa yaxj dk
izca/k gksrk gSA ftl lar us vkSj dqN fnu jguk gks og du[ky dksBh esa
tkdj jg ldrk gS ij tekr ,d eghuk lok eghuk gfj}kj esa gh fVdrh
gSA
cS'kk[k lqnh 7 laor 2029
c`gLifrokj 10 ebZ 1962
339 #0 50 iS0 fueZy v[kkM+s dh tekr dks du[ky ckx esa HkaMkjk fn;kA
62 #0 50 iS0 nw/k [khj okLrsA
17 #0 lCth vkSj fepZ] elkyk] /kfu;k oxSjk ¼vkfn½A
111 #0 iap ijes'oj dh iwtkA
25 #0 Jh egar lkfgc dh iwtkA
121 #0 larksa egarksa dh iwtkA
3 #0 dqfV;k ds iqtkjh dh iwtkA
258 vkRe lfjrk

lu~ 1962 ls 1334 #0 50 iS0 dqaHk esyk ij fueZy Nkouh gfj}kj

esa egar Jh vkRek flag th dh vksj ls Åij fy[kk dqy [kpkZ turk tuknZu
ds Hkkstu vkfn ij fd;k x;kA
uksV&og dqy [kpZ tks vkius fueZy ckx du[ky esa Bgjs lar egkRek
vkSj cacbZ] dydÙkk vkfn 'kgjksa ls rFkk du[ky vk x,A vxys fnu fueZy
v[kkM+k esa 11 #0 Jh egar lkfgc dh iwtk dhA
22 flracj 1965 dks 27oha o"khZ eukbZA bl 'kqHk volj ij 130
#i;s v[kaM ikfB;ksa dh iwtkA 125 #i;s Jh egar lkfgc fueZy v[kkM+k dh
iwtkA 151 #0 v[kckj fueZy mnns~'; dks lgk;rkFkZ iznku fd,A
uksV&lu~ 1937 ls ysdj blh izdkj gj lky bl iquhr volj ij
Åij fy[ks vuqlkj iwtk lgk;rk djrs Fks vkSj thou i;±r djrs jgs] vc
rd Hkh og jhfr izpfyr gSA
cacbZ vkfn dh ;k=k
blds ckn 23 fnlacj lu~ 1962 rd dgha vU;= ugha x,A dsoy
fueZyckx du[ky esa gh jgsA ;gk¡ fueZyckx fuokl dky esa vkius lar
ukjk;.k flag th dks 'kadjkuanh xhrk i<+kbZ vkSj euu djokbZ vkSj nwljs lar
egkRekvksa dks vU; iqLrdsa i<+krs jgsA ekLVj xq#nso flag ch- ,-] dks tiq
th lkfgc] jgjkl vkSj dhrZu lksfgyk vkfn ikou xq#ok.kh vkfn i<+kb±A
lar ukjk;.k flag vkfn larksa ds thou dks lkFkZd cukus dh f'k{kk nsrs jgs
vkSj mUgsa lk/kuk ds iFk ij vxzlj djrs jgsA ij Hkxoku us ftUgsa viuk
fnO; lans'k nqfu;k dks lqukus ds fy, gh fljtk] os dc rd vkjke ls cSB
ldrs gSa\ fla/kh Hkxr jkenkl] jkepan] nhokuh eYy us 500 #- lQj [kpZ
ds fy, Hkst fn;k rks vki 23-12-62 dks cacbZ ds fy;s jokuk gks x,A 3
fnu jkLrs esa fnYyh Bgjs vkSj 29-12-62 dks cacbZ nhouhey ds ?kj igq¡ap
vkRe lfjrk 259

x,A ;gk¡ lok rhu ekg] dFkk okrkZ lRlax vkfn ds }kjk ln~mins'k 'kqHk
f'k{kk nsrs gq, vkSj Hkxoku uke dk ve`r fiyk dj 8 vizSy dks fnYyh igq¡p
x,A ;gk¡ dsoy ,d fnu vkjke djds 9-4-63 dks du[ky igq¡p x,A
vxys fnu fueZy iapk;rh v[kkM+k vkSj Jh egar th egkjkt dh iwtk dhA
pw¡fd vki ,d vf}rh; f'k"Vkpkjh egkiq#"k Fks] f'k"Vkpkj dk ckdk;nk
¼fu;fer½ ikyu djrsA tc dHkh ckgj dh ;k=k ls du[ky esa igq¡prs rks
vxys fnu iap ijes'oj fueZy v[kkM+k dh ;k=k vo'; fd;k djrs Fks vkSj
Jh egar th egkjkt dh n'kZuh HksaV Hkh vo';eso djrs FksA nks fnu ;gk¡ ;k=k
dj fQj _f"kds'k dks tkrs FksA
lu~ 1963 dh o"khZ
igys dh rjg bl lky Hkh vkius vius xq#nso Lokeh cqM~<k flag th
egkjkt dh 26oha o"khZ vlk/kkj.k mRlkg ds lkFk eukbZA blesa ckgj ls lar
egkRek vkSj izsehx.k cgqr vk, FksA fojDr th egkjkt du[ky ls eaMyh
lesr i/kkjsA Kkuh fc'ku flag th fdjhV cacbZ ls vk, FksA v[kaM ikB py
jgk FkkA losjs 8 cts rd xq#ok.kh dh e/kqdjh Hkkjr&dksfdyk eksguh nsoh us
^Jh vklk dh okj* dk ve`re; dhrZu fd;kA
v[kaM ikB dh lekfIr ds vuarj vkjrh vjnkl ds ckn fo}ku~
egkRekvksa us J)katfy;ka vfiZr dha] vuarj "kM~n'kZu dks ,oa turk tuknZu
dks [kqyk HkaMkjk fn;k x;kA
27oha o"khZ cacbZ dh vksj
14 uoacj lu~ 1963 dks jokuk gq, ¼;k=k vkjaHk dh½A fnYyh gksrs gq,
20-11-63 dks cacbZ igq¡psA ;gk¡ gklkjke egy esa jgs] cacbZ djhcu
¼yxHkx½ pkj eghus rd /kkfeZd turk dh mins'k ve`r ds }kjk I;kl cq>krs
gq, 18-4-63 dks ukxiqj ,d fnu jg dj 20-4-63 dks dydÙkk igq¡p
260 vkRe lfjrk

x,A ;gk¡ dey eksgu VkVk ds ?kj jgsA lkFk esa e/kqjHkk"kh lar ukjk;.k flag
th] lar n'kZu flag th FksA ;gk¡ vk/;kfRed mins'kksa ls Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dh
ifjiqf"V djrs gq,] xhrk xq#ok.kh dk vej lans'k nsdj nks ekg ds ckn 14-
5-64 dks vkius enzkl esa ikou inkiZ.k fd;kA ;gk¡ lok eghuk izHkq ds uke
ds tki o pfj= fuekZ.k ds }kjk ekuo&thou dks ifo= cukus dk mins'k
nsdj ukxiqj] nsgyh vkfn 'kgjksa esa uke ve`r dh o`f"V djrs gq, 22-6-64
dks du[ky igq¡p x,A ;gk¡ vkdj v[kaM ikB djk;k] ikfBvksa vkfn dh iwtk
ds vykok 111 #i;s v[kkMs+ dh iwtk dh] 25 #i;s fueZy mn~ns';
lkIrkfgd i= ve`rlj dks lgk;rkFkZ HkstkA
q
vkRe lfjrk 261

rjax 60

lu~ 1965 &fopkjksa dh f'kfFkyrk

izk;% ;g ns[kk tkrk gS fd ekuo ds fopkjksa esa f'kfFkyrk vk tkrh gSA
ftu lk/kdksa ds fopkj ifjiDo ugha gksrs] mu ij vU;ksa ds ykSfdd fopkjksa
dk] foKkuokfn;ksa ds ukfLrd fopkjksa dk izHkko iM+ tkrk gS rks muds fopkjksa
esa f'kfFkyrk vk tkrh gSA dbZ&,d ds fnyksfnekx ij lkalkfjd inkFkksZa dh
pdkpkaS/k dk izHkko iM+us ls muds fopkjksa esa f'kfFkyrk vk tkrh gS vkSj os
vius ekxZ ls fxj tkrs gSaA ;g ekuo LoHkko dh det+ksfj;ka gSaA tks
fopkj'khy iq.;kRek egkRek bl rF; dks tkurs gSa os lRlax dk lgkjk dHkh
ugha NksM+rsA os bl ckr dk Hkh /;ku j[krs gSa fd muds ftKklqvksa vkSj iszeh
HkDrksa ds fopkjksa esa 'kSfFkY; u vk tk,] blfy, os mUgsa lRlax dk ve`riku
djkdj muds fopkjksa dks nwf"kr gksus ls cpkus ds fy, ftKklqvksa ds ;gk¡ vkrs
tkrs jgrs gSaA os vius bl ije dÙkZO; ls dHkh pwdrs ughaA cl bl ije
lR; dks le>rs gq, egkiq#"k HkDrksa ds dgus ij 28-1-65 dks eksnhuxj
gksdj fnYyh i/kkjsA ogk¡ ls 30-1-65 dks cacbZ jokuk gks x,A vkids lkFk
ik¡p lar& Kkuh lar ukjk;.k flag th] Kkuh cyoar flag th] lar n'kZu flag
th] lar eaxy flag th o lar gfjHktu flag th vkfn FksA ogk¡ jk/kh ckbZ
cqypan ds ?kj esa jgsA nksuksa le; lRlax esa dFkk dk izokg tkjh gks x;kA
losjs lar cyoar flag th Jh xq# xzaFk lkfgc ds ,d 'kCn dh O;k[;k djrs
vkSj lk;a lar ukjk;.k flag th izd`fr iznÙk e/kqj Loj ls ifo= fopkjksa ls
ifjiw.kZ dFkk lqukdj lRlafx;ksa ds ân;ksa dks vkuafnr djrsA vki Lo;a
262 vkRe lfjrk

ftKklq tuksa }kjk fd, x, iz'uksa dk mÙkj nsdj mUgsa larq"V djrs FksA bl
izdkj ;g dk;ZØe yxkrkj pkj ekl pyrk jgkA v/;kRe iFk ds ifFkd bl
mins'k ve`r dk iku dj d`rkFkZ gksrs jgsA
;gk¡ 4 ekg rd iszehtuksa dks izHkq&pj.kksa dk ih;w"k fiyk dj] HkDrksa ds
cqykos ij cM+kSnk pys x,A ogk¡ ls 15 ebZ dks du[ky vk x,A vxys fnu
fueZy v[kkM+k esa 11 #0 Jh egar lkfgc dh iwtk dhA
22 flracj 1965 dks 27oha o"khZ eukbZA bl 'kqHk volj ij 130
#i;s v[kaM ikfB;ksa dh iwtk] 325 #i;s Jh egar lkfgc fueZy v[kkM+s dh
iwtk] 151 #0 v[kckj fueZy mn~ns'; dh lgk;rkFkZ iznku fd,A
uksV&lu~ 1937 ls ysdj blh izdkj gj lky bl iquhr volj ij
mij fy[ks vuqlkj iwtk lgk;rk djrs Fks vkSj thou i;±r djrs jgsA vc
rd Hkh og jhfr izpfyr gSA
lu~ 1966 ds dqaHk ioZ iz;kx esa
iwoZ ds tUe&tUekarjksa esa fu"dke gksdj fd, gq, ifo= deksZa ls ftl
egkiq#"k dk ân; xaxk&tyor~ fueZy gks tkrk gS] xq# dh iw.kZ d`ik vkSj
vius lrr~ iz;Ru ds }kjk iwokZftZr Kku foKku ls ftudh vkRek r`Ir gks
pyh gS] tks yksd vkSj ijyksd ds reke ¼lkjs½ eksgd inkFkksZa ls iwjh rjg
for`".k gks pqds gSa] bl KkuiwrkRek egkRek dks vius fy, rks fdlh Hkh oLrq
dh bPNk ugha jgrh] ij og ^yksd&laxzg* ds fy, 'kqHk dk;ksZa dks izhfriwoZd
djrs jgrs gSaA Hkxoku Jh d`".k th us xhrk esa vtqZu dks lqanj mins'k nsrs gq,
dgk gS&
deZ.kSo fg laflf)ekfLFkrk tudkn;%A
yksd&laxzgesokfi lai';UdrqZegZflAA
HkkokFkZ&bl izdkj Kkuh egkiq#"k vklfDr jfgr gksdj deZ djrs gq,
ije flf) dks izkIr dj x, gSaA blfy, yksd&f'k{kk ds okLrs Hkh rq>s deZ
vkRe lfjrk 263

djuk mfpr gS D;ksafd egkiq#"k tSlk&tSlk vkpj.k djrs gSa] ftls os

izekf.kr dj nsrs gSa vU; ftKklqtu Hkh mlh ds vuqlkj vkpj.k djrs gSaA
cl ;gh dkj.k gS fd Kku&foKku r`IrkRek egkRek tu Hkh iq.;&nku]
rhFkZ&Luku ,oa tux.k lsok vkfn f'k{kkizn iquhr deZ djus esa gj le;
iz;Ru'khy jgrs gSaA cl blh n`f"Vdks.k ls izsfjr gksdj iq.;kRek egkiq#"k
vkRek flag th us Hkh iz;kx ds dqaHk Luku dk ladYi fd;kA blh Hkkouk dks
ysdj og vius J)kyq f'k";ksa dks lkFk ysdj 10 tuojh lu~ 1966 dks
iz;kx ds fy, izLFkku dj x,A
Ekk?k onh 5 laor~ 2022 rnuqlkj 11 tuojh] lu~ 1966 dks
dqaHk&esyk bykgkckn esa ig¡qp x,A vkius 11 #0 iap ijes'oj dh iwtk dhA
12 #0 tuojh dks fQj] 11 #0 iap dh iwtk dhA rsjg (13) tuojh dks
/otkjksg.k ds le; 1111 #0 /keZ/otk dh iwtk dhA 7 #0 /otk ¼>aMs½ ds
lh/kk fLFkj gks tkus dh [kq'kh esa iwtk dhA
uksV&xq#}kjk iDdh laxr vfg;kiqj bykgkckn esa Bgjs Fks vkSj ogk¡ ls
jkst f=os.kh&Luku djds fueZy v[kkM+s ds dSai ¼f'kfoj½ esa tkdj fuR; iap
dh iwtk djrs FksA
iz;kx dh izkphurk vkSj efgek
dqaHk ioZ ds Lukukfn ds o.kZu dky esa iz;kx dh ppkZ vizklafxd u gksxhA
izR;qr vko';d izrhr gksrh gSA iz;kx ,d vfr izkphu rhFkZ LFky gSA ;g
lR; gS fd vk"kZ xzaFkksa esa bldk dgha mYys[k ugha ik;k tkrk ij rc Hkh iqjk.kksa
esa rks bldh efgek cM+s foLrkj ls dgh xbZ gSA eRL; iqjk.k esa _f"k dgrs gSa
fd&
izfl)aJqfrey rq f=xq.kk?kja ere~AA
ins ins v'oes/kL; Qyna ;RLe`ra cq/kS%AA
;g ckr izfl) gS fd ;g Jqfr ewyd gSA lc izdkj ds iki lewg dks
264 vkRe lfjrk

gjus okyk gSA iz;kx dh vksj ,d&,d in pyus ls v'oes/k dk Qy feyrk

gSA Le`fr;ksa esa Hkh iz;kx dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ fo'ks"k :i ls nku&
iq.; fd;k tkrk Fkk&
;|nkfr x;k{ks=s izHkkls iq'djs rFkkA
iz;kxs uSfe'kkj.;s loZ ekuUR;eqP;rsAA ¼'ka[k Le`fr½
;kuh ¼vFkkZr½ x;k essa izHkkl] iq"dj rFkk iz;kx vkSj uSfe"kkj.; vkfn ifo=
LFkkuksa esa tks nku iq.;kfn ifo= deZ fd;k tkrk gS mldk Qy vuar gksrk gS]
v{k; gksrk gSA
iz;kx ,d vR;ar izkphu rhFkZ gS] blesa rks lansg ughaA ;g bfrgkl ls
iwoZdky esa] iqjk.k Le`fr vkfn ls izekf.kr gS vkSj bfrgkl dky ds jktk&
egkjktk vkSj lezkV ;gk¡ vkdj Luku&nku ;Kkuq"Bku djrs jgs gSaA
g"kZZo/kZu vkfn lezkVksa us jkfu;ksa lesr vkdj Luku vkfn ls v{k; iq.; dh
izkfIr dhA buls Hkh izkphu lw;Zoa'kh iq.;kRek egk lezkV b{okdq us ;gk¡
;Kkuq"Bkukfn ls izflf) izkIr dh FkhA tSu fo}kuksa dk er gS fd ;s b{okdq
tSu /keZ ds vkfn vkpk;Z _"kHknso gh gSaA _"kHknso us vius 'kklu dky esa
;gk¡ ;Kkfn fd, vkSj fQj jkT; R;kx dj egkR;kxh cusA mUgksaus ;gk¡ dfBu
riL;k vkSj ;ksx lk/kuk ds }kjk iw.kZ flf) izkIr dhA Lo:i dk lk{kkr
fd;k] ,slh tSuksa dh ekU;rk gSA laHko gS ogh gksa ;ksx djus okys b{okdq
lezkV] gesa blesa dqN dguk ugha gSA blls ;g fu.kZ; rks gks tkrk gS fd ;g
rhFkZ vfr izkphu gSA ;gk¡ rd fd ;gk¡ czãk us v'oes/k ;K fd,A blhfy,
bldk uke iz;kx iM+kA bUgha dkj.kksa ls bls rhFkZjkt dgk tkrk gSA ,d
yksdksfDr ls Hkh bl ckr dh iqf"V ,oa flf) gksrh gSA iatkc esa cgqr ls
izkphu o`) Luku djrs le; ;g nksgk i<+k djrs gSa&
xaxk cM+h xqnkojh] rhFkZ cM+s iz;kxA
Nkyk cM+h leqnz dh iki dVs gfj}kjAA
vkRe lfjrk 265

;kuh iz;kx lcls cM+k rhFkZ gSA ge rks iqjk.k vkSj Le`fr;ksa ds er i<+dj
vkSj vk/kqfud fopkjdksa ds fopkj i<+dj bl uhfr ij igq¡ps gSa fd ;g iz;kx
dk dqaHk Luku] iqjk.kksa esa of.kZr leqnz&eaFku ls Hkh igys ls izpfyr gS D;ksafd
dqaHk Lukukfn dh efgek c<+kus ds fy, gh leqnz eaFku ls ve`riw.kZ dqaHk dh
dFkk,a dFku dh gSaA ek?k ekgkRE;] cSlk[k ekgkRE; vkfn dh rjg ;s dFkk,a
dqaHk Lukukfn dh iz'kalk djus okyk vFkZokn gSA dqN yksxksa dk fopkj gS fd
;g ckS) fHk{kqvksa ds la?kksa ds /keZ izpkj vfHk;kukfn dk vuqdj.k gSa] udy gSa
;s dFkk,aA
ckS) /keZ ,d izpkjd /keZ gSA blds vuq;kf;;ksa us ns'k&fons'kksa esa ?kwe&
?kwe dj ckS) /keZ dk izpkj fd;k gSA buds fHk{kq la?k ?kwers gq, ;=&r=
lHkk,a fd;k djrs FksA iz;kx vkfn rhFkZ&LFkkuksa esa Hkh vkrs Fks vkSj ckS) /keZ
dk izpkj djrs FksA dkcqy da/kkjkfn esa Hkh budk vR;f/kd izpkj FkkA bu
eqfLye ns'kksa esa vc rd Hkh cq) dh ewfrZ;ksa ds vo'ks"k feyrs gSaA cqr 'kCn
cq) 'kCn dk gh viHkza'k yxrk gSA cqrksa ds fo#) ;kuh cqr f'kduh ¼cq)
ewfrZ;ksa dks rksM+us½ ds fy, eqlyekuksa ds vfHk;ku gksrs jgs gSaA eqlyekuksa ds
[k+yhQ+k vkSj muds vuqxkeh ^cqr f'kdu* dgykus esa xoZ ekurs FksA
ckS)ksa dh lHkkvksa dk vuqdj.k djrs gq, czkã.kksa vkSj laU;kfl;ksa us
vf/kdkf/kd turk ;gk¡ vkdj ykHk izkIr djs blfy, ;s jkspd dFkk,a x<+
yhaA blesa fdlh dh LokFkZ Hkkouk u Hkh gks] vkSj ;gh Hkkouk jgh gks fd ;gk¡
vkdj turk viuh tkudkjh esa o`f) djsA /kehZ fo}kuksa ds fopkj lqudj
vius vkpj.k dks lq/kkjus dk iz;Ru djs] /kkfeZd mUufr ds iFkij vxzlj
gks] lRlax ls O;ogkj ijekFkZ dh ckrsa lqu viuh tkudkjh esa o`f) djsA
'kk;n blhfy, Lokeh 'kadjkpk;Z us pkjksa fn'kkvksa esa pkj eBksa dh LFkkiuk dh
gksA rHkh ls lk/kq&egkRekvksa dh eaMfy;ka vkus yxha vkSj mUgsa ns[k dj turk
vkus yxhA turk ds vf/kd la[;k esa vkus ls O;kikfj;ksa dks vf/kd ykHk
gksrk gSA ns'k fons'kksa] vU;kU; izns'kksa] izkarksa esa ?kweus ls O;kogkfjd Kku dh
266 vkRe lfjrk

o`f) gksrh gSA ;gk¡ Lukukfn ls iq.; dh mRifÙk gksrh gSA

bl ckr dks dksbZ ekus ;k u ekus ij bl lPpkbZ ls rks dksbZ Hkh budkj
ugha dj ldrk fd vU; tyksa esa Luku dh vis{kk unh&Luku vf/kd
LokLF;djgS] lsgr ds fy, T;knk Qk;nsean ¼ykHknk;d½ gSA ty ls 'kjhj dh
'kqf) gksrh gSA 'kjhj dh ranq#Lrh ds fy, unh Luku mÙke gS D;ksafd mlesa
rSjus vkfn ls O;k;ke Hkh gksrk gSA O;k;ke mÙke LokLF;dj gS vkSj [kkldj
rSjus dk O;k;ke LokLF;o/kZd gS] ij vkRe'kqf) djus esa leFkZ ughaA bl
fl)kar dh iqf"V egkiq#"kksa ds opuksa ls Hkh gksrh gSA Hkxoku d`".k th us
rhFkZ&;k=k dks tk jgs ikaMoksa dks dgk Fkk&
vkRekunh la;eiq.;rhFkkZ lR;ksndk 'khyrVk n;ksfeZA
r=kfHk"ksda dq: ik.Mqiq=\ u okfj.kk 'kq);fr pkUrjkRekAA
xq# ukud nso th us Hkh dgk&
lqf.kvk eafuvk efu dhrk HkkmAA
varjxfr rhjfFk efy ukmAA ¼iUuk 4½
;Fkk
euq ean# ruq osl dyan# ?kV gh rhjfFk ukokAA
,dq lcnq esjS izkfu clrq gS ckgqfM+ tufe u vkokAA ¼iUuk 795½
xq# ukud nso th us bu iafDr;ksa esa Hkh varxZr rhFkZ ;kuh vkRek unh esa
gh mÙke Luku cryk;k gS ,oa vU; dchj vkfn HkDrksa dk vuqHko Hkh buls
feyrk gS&
tc u[kfl[k bgq euqphukA rc vUreZTtu dhukAA
HkDr f'kjksef.k ukenso Hkh varjkRek :ih unh ds Luku dk gh leFkZu
djrs gSa&
rhjFk nsf[k u ty efg iSlm thv tar u lrkomxksAA
vBlfB rhjFk xq: fn[kk, ?kV gh Hkhrfj u~gkmxksAA ¼iUuk 973½
vkRe lfjrk 267

HkDr ukenso jkx jkedyh&blh izdkj HkDr cs.kh th Hkh viuk vuqHko
dgrs gaS&
bM+k fiaxqyk vmj lq[keuk rhfu clfg bd BkbZAA
cs.kh laxeq rg fijkxq euq etuq djs frFkkbZAA
largq rgk fujatu jkeq gSAA ¼iUuk 974½
bR;kfn egkiq#"kksa ds vuqHko&opuksa ls Hkh ;gh /ofur gksrk gS fd okLrfod
rhFkZ vkRek gSA vkRe&fparu :i gh Luku gSA vkRefparu ls fpÙk 'kq) gksdj
vkRek dk lk{kkRdkj gksuk vkReKku gksuk] czãpSrU;kfHkUuRos vkRek dk Kku
gksuk] ;gh Luku dk ekgkRE; gS] ;gh v{k; iq.; gSA
egkHkkjr esa Hkh iz;kxjkt dh efgek ds 'yksd vkrs gSaA
iz;kxa loZrhFksZH;% izonUR;f/kda foHkksA
Jo.kkÙkL; rhFkZL; uke ladhrZuknfiAA
e`frdkyEHkuk}kfi loZikiS% izeqP;rsA
bls Hkh iz'kalkiknd vFkZokn o jkspd mins'k gh le>uk pkfg,A
okLrfod rhFkZ rks ogk¡ lRlax gSA oSjkX;] HkfDr vkSj Kku ;gh f=os.kh gSA
okLrfod dqaHk lRlax gSA ;g dqaHk ukuk fof/k ds mins'k ve`r ls ifjiw.kZ gSA
egkRek rqylhnkl us Hkh lar&lekt lRlax dks gh rhFkZ&jkt iz;kx
crk;k gS&
eqn eaxy e; lar lektw] tks tx taxe rhFkZ jktwA
jke HkfDr tg lqjlfj /kkjk] ljlS czãfopkj izpkjkAA
fof/k fu"ks/ke; dfyey gjuh] djedFkk jfouafnuh ojuhA
gfj gj dFkk fcjktr csuh] lqur ldy eqn eaxy nsuhAA
cVq fcLoklq vpy fut /kjek] rhjFkjkt lekt lqdjekAA
lcfg lqyHk lcfnu lc nslk] lsor lknj leu dyslkA
vdFk vykSfdd rhjFkjkÅ] nsb l?k Qy izxV izHkkÅAA
268 vkRe lfjrk

lqfu leq>fga tu&eqfnr eu eTtfga vfr vuqjkxA

ygfga pkfj Qy vNr ruq lk/kq lekt iz;kxAA
vkxs Hkkj}kt eqfu ds vkJe vkSj eqfu ds ijekFkZ ekxZ ij pyus]
jkeHkfDr] 'ke] ne] n;k vkfn xq.kksa dk o.kZu djrs gq, egkRek rqylhnkl us
vkxs dgk gS fd ogk¡ tqVdj lar lekt dSls jgrk FkkA D;k dk;ZØe Fkk
mudk] ;g crkrs gq, fy[krs gSa&
rgka gksbZ eqfu fo"k; lektk] tkfga ts eTtu rhjFkjktkA
eTtfga izkr% lesr mNkgk] djfga ijLij gfjxqu xkgkAA
tks egkRek rhFkZjkt ij Luku djus tkrs Fks os izkr% dky mRlkg iwoZd
Luku djrs Fks vkSj ijLij Hkxoku gfj dk xq.kkuqokn djrs FksA Hkxoku ds
mnkj pfjr vkSj mudh efgek dh /koy dhfrZ] ladhrZu o ifo= dFkk izlax
lqurs lqukrs FksA xq# ukud th us Hkh dgk gS&
lRklaxfr dSlh tk.kh,sAA ftFkS ,dks ukeq o[kk.kh,sAA
,dks ukeq gqdeq gS ukud lfrxqfj nhvk cq>kb thmAA ¼iUuk 72½
blh ckr dks vkxs ds nksgs esa egkRek th us dgk gS&
czã fu#iu /keZ fof/k ojufga rÙo foHkkxA
djfga HkfDr Hkxoar ds latqr Kku fcjkxAA
os lar egkRek lfEefyr gksdj Kku oSjkX; ;qDr Hkxoku dh HkfDr djrs
FksA cl oSjkX; Kku;qDr HkfDr gh iquhr dÙkZO; gS dqaHk Luku djus okyksa dkA
dqaHk dc ls\ fdlus pyk;k\
dqaHk esa djus ;ksX; dke
dqaHk dc ls pyk\ bl iz'u dk mÙkj ugha crk;k tk ldrk D;ksafd blds
dky dk dgha mYys[k ugha gSA bls fdlus pyk;k\ bldk Hkh ;FkkFkZ mÙkj dksbZ
ugha ns ldrkA gk¡] vVdy okft;ka pkgs dksbZ fdruh D;ksa u yxk ys ij lgh
mÙkj bldk dksbZ ugha ns ldrkA bruk lR; gS fd ;g vfr izkphu gSA fdlh
vkRe lfjrk 269

Hkh dky esa pyk gks ij ;g lR; gS fd fdlh vuar 'kfDr'kkyh vkSj vfr
rstoku iq#"k us gh pyk;k gksxkA vo'; gh blds ihNs dksbZ vnE; 'kfDr
dke dj jgh gSA
dqaHk esa djus ;ksX; dke&;gk¡ vkus okys J)kyq dks la;e] lknxh]
larks"k] lekt lsok vkSj lqfeju djrs gq, ;g le; fcrkuk pkfg,A lRlax
esa tkdj lar egkRekvksa ls lnqins'k ysuk pkfg,A Luku vo'; unh ty esa
gh djuk mfpr gSA tiqth lkfgc] lq[keuh lkfgc vkfn xq#ok.kh dk rFkk
xhrk dk ikB djrs jguk pkfg,A xq# ea= o xk;=h vkfn dk tki djuk
pkfg,A Lok/;k; djrs jguk pkfg,A vxj cu iM+s rks dqN iq.; nkukfn Hkh
djuk mfpr gSA Lok/;k; ;k lRlax ls vius Kku esa o`f) djuk Hkh euq";
dk iquhr dÙkZO; gSA fujFkZd le; ugha fcrkuk pkfg,A egkiq#"k egkRek
eqfutuksa us dgk&
;L; gLrkS p iknkS p eu'pSo rq la;re~A
losZfUnz;kf.k cqf}'p l rhFkZ Qye'uqrsAA
'kjhj bafnz;] eu] cqf) dks la;r j[kus okyk la;eh foosdh euq"; gh
rhFkZ&Luku dk iw.kZ Qy izkIr dj ldrk gSA
;g ;kn j[kus dh ckr gS fd rhFkksZa esa tSls iq.;] nku] lsok] lRlax] ti]
ri] lfqeju Hktukfn dk vf/kd Qy gksrk gS] mlh izdkj >wB] Ny] diV]
pksjh] Bxh] vukpkj] O;fHkpkj vkfn nwf"kr deksZa dk Qy ¼nq"ifj.kke½ Hkh
vfr mxz gksdj dbZ xq.kk vf/kd gksrk gSA vr% ifo= LFkkuksa esa Hkwy dj Hkh
fuf"k) vkSj fuafnr deZ ugha djuk pkfg,A xq#?kj ds egku fo}ku~ egkiq#"k
HkkbZ xq#nkl th us fy[kk gS&
ctz iki u mrjS tks dhtS xaxk] gfjvksa rRlr~A
iz;kx dqaHkh ij yksd laxzgh
270 vkRe lfjrk

egar vkRek flag th dk d`R;

14 tuojh dks vki us iap ijes'oj fueZy v[kkM+k dks iDdk HkaMkjk
fn;kA
uksV&;g ;kn j[kuk pkfg, fd fueZy dSai ¼f'kfoj½ esa ftruh turk
fuokl djrh gS lkjh dh lkjh Hkkstu fueZy dSai esa djrh gS vkSj ckgj ls
vkus okyksa dks lknj Hkkstu f[kyk;k tkrk gSA dSai esa tkrs gh vki us igys
5 #0 Jh xq# xzaFk lkfgc dks HksaV fd;kA
105 #0 'kkgh tqywl dh iwtk dhA
1111 #0 iaxfr esa Jh egar fueZy v[kkM+k dh iwtk dhA
1111 #0 HkaMkjk dk dqy [kpkZ fn;kA
2332 #0 dqy tksM+ igys HkaMkjs ds [kpsZ dkA
15-1-66
15 #0 iap dh iwtkA
17-1-66
1465 #0 v[kaMikB vkSj iDdk HkaMkjk ds fy, Jh fueZy v[kkM+k ds
Jh egar th dks psd~ fn;kA
18-1-66
11 #0 ijes'oj dh iwtk v[kkM+k esaA
19-1-66
5 #0 lar ukjk;.k flag th us iwtk dhA
20-1-66
11 #0 iap fueZy v[kkM+k dh iwtkA
21-1-66
31 #0 Jh xq# xzaFk lkfgc dh iwtkA
23-1-66
vkRe lfjrk 271

15 #0 Jh egar fueZy v[kkM+k dh iwtkA

25-1-66
25555 #0 iap ijes'oj dks viZ.k fd,µokLrs ikydh ¼xaxk teuh
cuokus] 40 QqV 6 bap yackbZ] xq#}kjk fueZy v[kkM+k esa jkstkuk Jh xq#
xzaFk lkfgc ds izdk'k djus ds fy,½ 1 ux N= xaxk teuh lksuk pk¡nh dk Jh
xq# xzaFk lkfgc ds fy, blh jde esa ls cuk;k tk,xkA vxj blls dqN cps
rks pk¡nh dh NfM+;ka cukbZ tk,aA
111 #0 'kkgh tqywl dh iwtkA
4 #0 ,rnFkZ QqVdj [kpkZA
26-1-66
111 #0 clar iapeh ds 'kkgh tqywl dh iwtkA
55 #0 ukSdjksa dks bukeA ;g Hkh ,d xkSjo dh ckr gS fd bl tqywl esa
egar vkRek flag th o lar ukjk;.k flag th gkFkh ij cSBs FksA bl tqywl dh
ljdkj dh vksj ls QksVks o fQYesa yh xbZ FkhaA egar vkRek flag th ftl
gkFkh ij lokj Fks mls fiDpj esa fn[kk;k x;k FkkA og jaxhu QksVks fueZy
vkJe esa Ýse djkdj j[kh gqbZ gSA
1056 #0 iDdk HkaMkjk clar iapeh ijA
27-1-66
129 #0 /kekZns [kkrs fueZy v[kkM+k ds f'kfoj esaA
29-1-66
10 #0 /kekZns [kkrs ukSdjksa dks buke] ihyhdksBh bykgkckn esaA
51 #0 /kekZns [kkrs dksBh esaA
31-1-66
96 #0 cukjl es v[kaM ikfB;ksa dh iwtk vkSj egkjkt dh iwtkA
70 #0 HkaMkjs esa egarksa dh iwtkA
272 vkRe lfjrk

65 #0 fo|kfFkZ;ksa o larksa dh lgk;rkA

62 #0 iaxr iwtk HkaMkjs esa ;kfu nf{k.kk Hkkstu djus okyksa dksA
200 #0 jlxqYys HkaMkjs ds fy,A
350 #0 blls igys gfjflag ds }kjk HkaMkjk fd;kA mldk psd Jh gfj
flag dks fn;kA
2-2-66
25 #0 egar lkfgc egar xq#nhiflag th dsljh ykgkSjh Vksyk dh iwtkA
25 #0 egar lkfgc egar clar flag th czãdqVh dh iwtkA
3-2-66
5 #0 lar jkeiky flag th 'kkL=h dksA
10 #0 mDr LFkkuksa ds HkaMkfj;ksa dks bukeA
¼lu~ 1966 iz;kx&dqaHk ds dqy [kpZ dk tksM+ 33117 #0½
dk'kh ls vki 4 Qjojh dks du[ky ykSV vk, Fks] ogk¡ bl o"kZ bekjr
dk dke cgqr djok;kA 1 fnlEcj dks VSDlh }kjk nsgyh esa egar n;ky flag
th ds LFkku thou Hkou egkchj uxj esa ig¡qp x,A vxys fnu xq#}kjk
caxyk lkfgc dh ;k=k dh vkSj 10 #0 iwtk HksaV fd;kA 450 #0 dM+kg
izlkn ds fy, fn,A 4 dks xq#}kjk lhlxat dh ;k=k dhA 5 #0 iwtk HksaV]
250 #0 dM+kg izlkn [kkfrj viZ.k fd,A 2 #0 jkfxvksa dks vjnkl djkbZA
11 #0 egar n;kyflag th dh iwtk dhA 8 #0 ukSdjksa dks buke fn;kA
ik¡p fnlacj dks du[ky okil vk x,A
vkf'ou onh 12 }kn'kh
11 vDrwcj lu~ 1966 dks 29oha o"khZ eukbZ
140 #0 ikfB;ksa dh iwtk] mDr o"khZ ij djk, x, v[kaM ikB dhA
700 #0 iaxr iwtk dqy Hkkstu ikus okyksa dksA
125 #0 Jh egar fueZy v[kkM+k dh iwtkA
vkRe lfjrk 273

151 #0 lkIrkfgd i= fueZy mn~ns'; dh lgk;rkFkZA

lu~ 1967
Hkxokunkl deyk vkfn ds cqykus ij vki rhl (30) ebZ dks du[ky
ls nsgyh igq¡psA ogk¡ ,d fnu jgdj 2 twu lu~ 1967 dks cEcbZ ig¡qp x,A
;gk¡ lar ukjk;.k flag th Kkuh dFkk djrs jgsA vki rks dsoy n'kZu nsrs]
dksbZ iz'u djrk rks ;Fkksfpr mÙkj nsdj larq"V dj nsrsA yxkrkj 2 eghus ds
lRlax esa xhrk] xq#ok.kh vkfn ls /kkfeZd mins'k nsdj 1 vxLr dks cEcbZ ls
pydj 2 vxLr lu~ 1967 dks du[ky fueZy ckx esa ig¡qp x,A iwoZor 5
vxLr dks fueZy v[kkM+s dh ;k=k dh] 21 #0 iap ijes'oj dh iwtk dhA
29oha o"khZ
1 vDrwcj lu~ 1967 dks egkjkt us murhloha o"khZ cM+h /kwe/kke ds
lkFk eukbZA
125 #0 v[kaM ikfB;ksa dh iwtkA
125 #0 Jh egar iafMr lqPpk flag th egkjkt dh iwtkA
767 #0 iaxr iwtkA
150 #0 fueZy mn~ns'; i= dh lgk;rk dks fn;kA
19 vDrwcj dks du[ky ls pydj 20 vDrwcj dks cEcbZ nksckjk tkuk
iM+kA 15 uoEcj dks fueZy fojDr dqfV;k esa 373 #i;s larksa dks pk;
fiykus ds fy, fn,A
uoacj 16 dks fnYyh x,A jdkc xat lhl xat vkfn xq#}kjksa dh ;k=k
dhA tequk th esa Luku fd;kA 21-11-67 dks egkchj uxj egar n;ky
flag th dks feyus x,] 11 #i;s mudks ut+j HksaV fn,A VSDlh }kjk fQj
fngyh ls gfj}kjA vxys fnu fQj fngyh x, vkSj okil gfj}kj VSDlh
}kjk vk x,] rkjh[k 22 uoEcj dksA
274 vkRe lfjrk

lu~ 1968
556 =;acd xksnkojh dqaHk ds fy, iap ijes'oj dks viZ.k fd,A bl
o"kZ fuekZ.kk/khu bekjr ds dke esa O;Lr jgus ds dkj.k Lo;a u tk lds vr%
du[ky Jh egar lkfgc dks ns vk,A
2-7-68 r0 2 tqykbZ lu~ 68 dks
11 #0 nsgyh dks izLFkku djus ls igys v[kkM+k esa iwtk dhA
5 #0 dM+kg izlkn [kkfrj fn,A
66 #0 ukSdjksa dks buke fn;kA nsgyh lsB gksrpUn ds ?kj jg dj
ukSdjksa dks buke fn;kA
22-7-68 dks gokbZ tgkt }kjk cEcbZ ig¡qp x,A Ms< ekl rd
vk/;kfRed fopkjksa dh ckfj'k djds 9 flrEcj dks du[ky ds fy, izLFkku
fd;kA 19 flrEcj 1968 rnuqlkj vkf'ou onh 12 dks czãyhu ckck
cqM~<+k flag th egkjkt dh 31oha o"khZ eukbZ xbZA
375 #0 fueZy dqfV;k ds egkRekvksa dks pk; iku ds okLrs 14-11-
68 dks iznku fd,A
lu~ 1969
lsB gksrpUn ds ;kn djus ij 2-4-69 dks nsgyh jokuk gks x,A
21-4-69 dks xq#}kjk caxyk lkfgc dh ;k=k dh] 5 #0 dM+kg izlkn ds
fy, fn,A 12 #0 ukSdjksa dks buke fn, vkSj 23-4-69 dks cEcbZ ds fy,
izLFkku fd;kA 24-4-69 dks cEcbZ esa psukfu;ksa ds ?kj esa ig¡qp x,A
25 #0 cEcbZ esa ukSdj vkfn dks buke nsdj 11-7-69 dks cM+kSnk esa
inkiZ.k fd,A ogk¡ ls 13-7-69 dks nsgyh ykSV vk,] 14-7-69 dks fueZy
v[kkM+k dh ;k=k djus x,A
121 #0 iap ijes'oj dh iwtk dhA
2 #0 dM+kg izlkn ds fy, fn,A
vkRe lfjrk 275

45 #0 #i;s nhu&ghu fgrdkjh egar lkfgc us HkaMkjh vkfn ukSdjksa dks

c[k'kh'k nhA 16-7-69 dks fQj v[kkM+s esa n'kZu djus x,A
5 #0 Jh egar lkfgc dh iwtk dhA
4 #0 vU; nks larksa dks fn,A
11 #0 lar gfj flag dks iznku fd,A
20 #0 tqykbZ lu~ 69 dks fueZy ckx esa vkius lc larksa dks HkaMkjk
fn;kA
22 #0 Jh egar th dh iwtk dhA
262 #0 iaxr&iwtk ;kfu lc larksa dks nf{k.kk nhA
11 #0 Kkuh txr flag th dh iwtk dhA
29-7 dks _f"kds'k tkus ls igys v[kkM+s dh ;k=k dhA
11 #0 Jh xq# xzaFk lkfgc dh iwtk dhA
5 #0 Jh egar th egkjkt dh iwtkA
5 #0 xn~nh dh iwtk dhA
7 #0 QyQwy v[kkM+s esaA
17-8-1969 dks ;k=k vkjaHk djus ls igys v[kkM+s esa x,A
2 #0 50 dM+kg izlkn ds fy, fn,A
21 #0 iap ijes'oj dh iwtkA
18 #0 fo|kFkhZ larksa vkSj v[kkM+s ds ukSdjksa dks fn,A
18-8-69 dks y[kuÅ igq¡psA
350 #0 ¼rhu lkS ipkl #i;s½ dk'kh ds egkRekvksa dks HkaMkjk nsus ds
fy, vius LFkku ds izca/kd lar gfj flag dks nsdj HkstkA cukjl ls dydÙkk
ds fy, fVdV fy,A
20-8-69 dks fo'oukFk eafnj dh ;k=k dh
5 #0 eafnj esa iwtk dhA
276 vkRe lfjrk

21-8-69 dks&
90 #0 v[kaM ikfBvksa vkSj egkjkt dh iwtk dhA
160 #0 larksa ds okLrs jlxqYys ¼cukjl esa½A
140 #0 larksa] egarksa dh iwtk dhA fQj 23-8-69 dks larksa dks nw/k
tysch dk HkaMkjk fn;kA
23 #0 iaxr iwtk HkaMkjk esa dhA
50 #0 ikB'kkyk ds fy, egar xq#nhi flag th 'kkL=h dks fn,A 24-8-
69 dks dk'kh th ls dydÙkk i/kkjsA ;gk¡ izsehtuksa dks 20-22 fnu uke tki
vkSj 'kqHk deZ djrs jgus dk mins'k ve`r fiykdj y[kuÅ i/kkjsA ;gk¡ nks
fnu /keksZins'k nsdj 17-9-69 dks v[kkM+k esa n'kZu djus x, vkSj ogk¡ 24
#0 iap ijes'oj dh iwtk dhA
2 #0 dM+kg izlkn ds fy, fn,A
25-9-69 dks v[kkM+k esa 12 #0 xq# egkjkt o iap ijes'oj dh iwtk
dhA 30-9-69 dks 86 #0 v[kaM ikB ds ikfBvksa dh iwtkA
11 #0 iap ijes'oj dh iwtkA
5 #0 Jh egar lkfgc dh iwtkA
vlkSt onh 12 laor~ 2026 rnuqlkj 8 vDrwcj lu~ 1969 dks
czãyhu ckck cqM~<k flag th dh o"khZ cgqr gh /kwe/kke ds lkFk eukbZA leLr
larksa dks HkaMkjk vkSj rhu v[kaM ikB djok,A
175 #0 rhu ikBksa dh iwtkA
125 #0 Jh egar lkfgc fueZy v[kkM+k dh iwtkA
700 #0 nf{k.kk ¼lc larksa dks iaxr esa fn,½A
151 #0 fueZy mn~ns'; i= dh lgk;rkA
9 #0 ukSdjksa dks bukeA
vkRe lfjrk 277

egkiq#"kksa dh nwj n`f"V

Hkfo"; ds xHkZ esa D;k fNik gS] bls dksbZ ugha tku ldrk ij gk¡] bZ'oj
var;kZeh Hkxoku loZK gS vr% os lc dqN tkurs gSa ;k e`xejhfpdk ds
leku ek;ke; inkFkksaZ dk eksg R;kx dj ftUgksaus futkRek vkSj papy eu dks
Lok/khu djds vkuanfuf/k Hkxoku ds pj.kksa esa lefiZr dj fn;k gS] ,sls
;ksxh&tu] tku ldrs gSa fd Hkfo"; dh ckrksa dks vkSj tks izHkq&iszeh] eaxye;
Hkxoku ds pj.kksa ds izselkxj esa xgjs xksrs yxkrs jgrs gSa] tks vuar oSHko ds
vf/kifr gksrs gq, Hkh viuk dqN ugha le>rs] fdarq Ronh; oLrq xksfoan rqH;
eso leiZ;s&
dchj esjk eq> efg fdNq ugh tks fdNq gS lks rsjkAA
rsjk rq> dm lmirs fdvk ykxS esjkAA ¼iUuk 1375½
ds vuqlkj viuh leLr foHkwfr;ksa dh turk tuknZu ds fgr esa viZ.k djrs
jgrs gSa] os izHkq&isze esa eXu egkRek] tku ysrs gSa Hkfo"; dh leLr ckrksa dksA
ckr 17 tuojh lu~ 1967 dh gSA egkiq#"k egar vkRek flag th
vius dejs vkSj xn~nh okys LFkku ds njE;ku lhesUV dk N% QqV yEck r[r
cuok jgs FksA fnu ds 10 cts Fks] isze&nhokus vius vuU; iszeh] pj.k&
lsod] lar djrkj flag th dks izlUu eqnzk esa cksys&djrkj flag tkurs gks ;g
r[r eSa D;ksa cuok jgk gw¡\ ugha egkjkt] eSa uknku D;k tku ldrk gw¡
vkids ân; dh ckrksa dks] D;k dksbZ tku ldrk gS vuar lkxj ds varLFky
esa D;k fNik iM+k gS] lar djrkj flag th us uezrkiwoZd dgkA vPNk! rks lqu
ys dku [kksydj&eSa blh ij e:¡xk] blh LofufeZr r[r ij gh fo'o'kj.k
esjs loZLo n;knzZ lq[k&lkxj izHkq ds pj.kksa esa vfiZr d:axk] viuh vafre
'oklksa dksA
278 vkRe lfjrk

lks vkius 8 vxLr lu~ 1973 dks 'kjhj NksM+k rks rhu ?kaVs igys blh
r[r ij vk fojkts] ;s nwj n`f"V okys egku vkRekA
lkr o"kZ igys gh tku fy;k Fkk vkius Hkfo"; ds varfuZfgr bl ckr
dksA
uksV& bl ckr dks mfpr LFkku ij fy[kuk Hkwy x;k Fkk] eSa bl jgL; dk
mYys[k djuk fcydqy gh u Hkwy tkÅ¡ blfy;s ;gk¡ fy[k fn;k ;kn djkus
ijA
vkt ls l=g fnu igys vkids xq#HkkbZ lar enu eksgu flag th
¼cksypky dk izfl) uke lUr enugfj th½ 6 vDrwcj dks 'kjhj NksM+ x,
FksA mudh l=goha ij vkius du[ky esa v[kaM ikB djokdj lef"V HkaMkjk
fd;k] ml ij dqy 2154 #i;s [kpZ vk;kA
lÙkkbZl vDrwcj dks iqu% ikB dj loZ larksa dks _f"kds'k esa HkaMkjk fn;k
ftl ij 2010 #i;s [kpZ vk;kA buesa ls 100 #i;s xÅ'kkyk esa nku
fn;kA
18 uoacj lu~ 1969 dks
300 #i;s egUr gjn;ky flag Bkdqj th] ve`rlj dks fn;kA 200
#0 tks psd egar gjn;ky flag th dks 12 vDrwcj dks fn;k Fkk mlesa ls
egar gjn;ky flag th ds dgus ij Kkuh djuSy flag th dks 200 #i;s
fn,A 13-10-69 dks ckdh vkt e0 gjn;ky flag th dks udn fn;kA
25 #0 egar gjn;ky flag Bkdqj th dh iwtk dhA
29 uoEcj lu~ 1969 dks vki egar gjn;ky flag th ds edku ds
ckjs esa lar ukjk;.kflag th dks lkFk ysdj ve`rlj x,A
15 #0 Jh njckj lkfgc esa dM+kg izlkn ds fy;s viZ.k fd,A
30-11-1969 dks ckck fe'kjk flag ds Msjs esa egar lkgc egar gkfde
vkRe lfjrk 279

flag th ls feyus x,A mlh fnu 'kke dks pydj 1 fnlEcj dks du[ky vk
x,A
lu~ 1970
egar vkRek flag th egkjkt us viuh dqy pykpy lEifÙk dh olh;r
24-4-1970 dks lar ukjk;.k flag th ds uke dj nh FkhA

egar ukjk;.k flag th egkjkt

280 vkRe lfjrk

egar vkRek flag th dh ut+jksa esa dksbZ vU; O;fDr xn~nh ds ;ksX; ugha
FkkA ;fn og lar ukjk;.k flag th ls vuqjks/k djrs rks vleFkZrk izdV djrs
vkSj os bUkdkj dj nsrs ijUrq og egar ;ksX; bUgsa gh vf/kdkjh ekurs FksA
vr% og ,d fnu fcuk lar ukjk;.k flag th dks lwfpr fd,] lar djrkj
flag th dks lkFk ysdj pqids ls nsgjknwu gksrs gq, 24-4-70 dks lgkjuiqj
,MoksdsV jkexksiky ds ;gk¡ igq¡psA mUgsa lkjh ckr le>kbZ vkSj lar ukjk;.k
flag th ds uke olh;r fy[kus dks dgkA blds fy, os dqy dkxtkr lkFk ys
x, FksA lar ukjk;.k flag th ds uke dqy pykpy lEifÙk dh olh;r
djokbZ vkSj tt lkfgc ds lkeus mls vnkyr ds v/khu ykdj j[k fn;k
rkfd u fdlh dks irk pys vkSj u dksbZ mls fudky ldsA ;gk¡ rd fd lar
ukjk;.k flag th dks mldk irk ugha pyus fn;kA mldh udy dPph
olh;r vius ikl frtksjh esa j[k yhA var ds fnuksa esa dsoy iak¡p fnu igys
lar ukjk;.k flag th dks dqy ckr crkbZA
;g olh;r 24-4-1970 esa fy[kh xbZ FkhA ;g okLrfod olh;r egar
ukjk;.k flag th dks vnkyr ls ,MoksdsV jkexksiky esgjk ds rlnhd djus
ds ckn 10-9-73 dks feyh Fkh ij eq>s bldk irk 26-9-73 rd fy[k
pqdus ds ckn yxk vkSj dkxt ysdj vkt fy[kkA
q
vkRe lfjrk 281

rjax 61

lUr ân; uouhr lekuk

'kh'ke dk isM+ T;ksa&T;ksa iqjkuk gksrk tkrk gS R;ksa&R;ksa mldk jax
vf/kdkf/kd yky gksrk pyk tkrk gSA
blh izdkj mnkj pfjr egkekuo ds ân; ij Hkh vk;q dh o`f) ds
vuqlkj isze ds jax dh ykfyek c<+rh tkrh gSA izHkq&HkfDr dk jax rst+ gksrk
tkrk gSA bruk gh ugha izR;qr egkiq#"kksa dh ekuork ds izfr isze vkSj midkj
Hkkouk Hkh mÙkjksrj rhoz gksrh tkrh gSA HkrZ`gfj dh ;g lwfDr ^r`".kk u th.kkZ
o;eso th.kkZ%* lkalkfjd yksxksa ij gh ykxw gksrh gS] izHkq jax esa jaxs gq, izse
nhokus eLrkus egkRek ij ughaA blds mnkgj.k iqjkru iqLrdksa esa vusdkusd
LFkkuksa ij feyrs gSaA vfr nwj dh ckr ugha] ckr lehi dh gS&vdcj ds
tekus ds egku~ laxhrkpk;Z lar gfjnkl dks ckn'kkg vius njckj esa cqykdj
mldk laxhr lquuk pkgrk Fkk] ij og chrjkx egkRek rks laxhr lqukrs Fks
vius izHkq I;kjs dks] tks isze dh rku dks gh dku yxkdj lqurs gSa vU; LokFkhZ
laxhrksa dh /ofu muds dku esa ugha ig¡qp ikrhA ij pw¡fd muds ekul iVy
ij jax p<+ pqdk Fkk isze dk] eathB dk iDdk jax] fQj os D;ksa lqukus tkrs
ek;k ds dhM+ksa dks viuk isze laxhr \
;g ije lR; gS fd tks oL= eathB ds jaxyyk esa jaxk tkrk gS ml ij
nwljk jax ugha p<+ ldrkA bl izdkj izHkq&isze ds jax ls jaxhu ân; ij ek;k
eksfguh dk jax ugha p<+ ldrk] ij ;g jax p<+rk gS HkkX;okuksa ds ân; iVy
ij gh] blh jax dh efgek esa fy[kk gS xq# vtqZu nso egkjkt us&
282 vkRe lfjrk

Ykky jaxq frl dm yxk ftl ds oMHkkxkAA

eSyk dns u gksobZ ug ykxS nkxkAA ¼iUuk 808½
og yky jax dHkh eSyk ugha gksrk] mldh 'kks[kh esa dHkh deh ugha vkrh
vkSj nkx Hkh fdlh fdLe dk ml ij ugha yx ikrkA xq# ukud nso th us
dgk gS fd ,slk jax dgha ns[kk ugha gS ij bl jax ds fy, ihry&ik= dh
t:jr ugha iM+rhA blds fy, rks bl deuh; dk;k dks gh ik= cukuk gksrk gSA
dkbvk ja³f.k ts Fkh,s fIkvkjs ikbZ,s ukm ethBAA
ja³.k okyk ts jaa³S lkfgcq ,slk jaxq u MhBAA ¼iUuk 727½
gk¡ ! ,slk gh jax p<+k Fkk gekjs egar vkRek flag th dh vey vkRek
ijA og dSls mrj tkrk ek;k eksfguh ds [kkjs ikuh ls\ Hkys gh muds ikl
ek;k yk[kksa dh la[;k esa Fkh] vrqy /kujkf'k Fkh] bekjrsa Fkha] ikdZ Fks ij og
mUgsa viuk ugha ekurs FksA og dgk djrs Fks&;g /ku /kjrh rks esjs izHkq&I;kjs
dh gS] vuar dksfV czãk.M uk;d Hkqous'oj dh gSA og gh blds ,d ek=
Lokeh gSa] esjk D;k gS blesaA og rks bl ek;ke; ty esa dey dh rjg fuysZi
jgrs Fks] xq# ukud nso th us dgk gS&
tSls ty efg deyq fujkyeq eqjxkbZ uS lk.ksAA
lqjfr lcfn Hko lkx# rjh,s ukud ukeq o[kk.ksAA ¼iUuk 938½
mu ij p<+ pqdk Fkk izHkq&I;kjs ds isze dk jaxA vr% og ek;k fojfpr Hko
lkxj esa jgrs gq, Hkh iq"dj&Iyk'kor fuysiZ jgrs Fks] ek;k ds eksgd inkFkksaZ lsA
D;ksafd mudh lqjfr rks yxh jgrh Fkh 'kCn ds lkFk ^vkse lks·ga*a& 'kCn
ds lkFk] fQj dSls inkZ Mky ldrh Fkh ek;k mudh jks'ku vk¡[kksa ijA og
nqfu;k esa jgrs gq, Hkh nqfu;k ls nwj FksA og nqfu;k ds ckt+kj esa vk, Fks exj
[kjhnkj cudj ughaA
nqfu;k eas gw¡ nqfu;knkj ugha gw¡A
cktkj ls xqtjk gw¡ [kjhnkj ugha gw¡A
vkRe lfjrk 283

og ek;k eksfguh ds inkFkksZa ls iw.kZr;k for`".k FksA r`".kk dh xeZ gok

muds fge&'khry ân; dks fi?kyk ugha ldrh Fkh] ;k ;ksa dfg, fd mudk
ân; fgekpyor vpy Fkk] vMksy Fkk] fQj r`".kk dh >a>kokr dSls fgyk
ldrh Fkh mlsA
nwljh ckr dgh Fkh egk ekuo ds ckjs esaA midkj Hkkouk ;k ekuork ds
izfr isze dh] FkksM+h >ak¡dh mldh Hkh ns[k ysa&
27 vDrwcj dks vius xq#HkkbZ enugfj th ds fufeÙk HkaMkjk fd;kA
mlesa lar vkJeksa ds rks lc egkRek vk x, ij ftudk dksbZ vkJe ugha]
dksbZ dqfV;k&danjk Hkh ugha] tks cspkjs vkdk'k dh uhfyek ds rys /kjrh eka
dh uXu Nkrh ij phFkM+ksa esa fyiVs gSa] mu /kjk /kkU;] /ku /kke ,oa eku
foghu nhuksa dks dkSu tkrk gS fuea=.k nsusA dkSu iwNrk gS muds nq[k&lq[k dh
ckr] dkSu nsrk gS mUgsa nku&nf{k.kk] dkSu nsus tkrk gS mUgsa nok&nk:] dkSu
fiykus tkrk gS mu chekj cspkjksa dks nw/k] os cspkjs ekr` foghu rks /kjrh ek¡
ls gh ek¡xrs gSa nw/kA
nw/k dh ckr fy[krs gq, eq>s vFkoZosn ds i`Foh lwDr ds ,d ea= dh Le`fr
gks vkbZA ea= gS&
;kef'oUrkofHkekrk fo".kq;ZL;ka fopØ esAA
Lkk uks HkwfefoZlal`trk ekrk iq=k; es i;%AA
vf'ouh dqekjkas us ftls ekik] fo".kq Hkxoku us ftl ij Hkze.k fd;k og
Hkwfe ekrk eq>s ml eerk ds lkFk nw/k fiyk, tSls ek¡ vius fiz; iq=ksa dks
fiykrh gSA
ij gk;! i`Foh ek¡ dgk¡ ls fiyk, nw/kA mlds ikl rks ogh nw/k dh
'kqHkz/kkjk gS ftlds fdukjs iM+s os cspkjs rkjs fxu fxu dj jkras fcrkrs gSaA
gk¡ ! rks dkSu ;kn djrk gS mUgsa] mu n;knzZ ân; egkRek ds flok ftUgsa
ijekRek us Lo;a Hkstk gS bu vukFkksa dh lsok ds fy,A cl vxys fnu ;s
284 vkRe lfjrk

egkiq#"k py iM+s f=os.kh ?kkV dh vksj tgk¡ iM+s gq, Fks leLr lalkj ls
misf{kr ;s uj dadkyA lM+d ds nksuksa vksj dqN isM+ksa ds lgkjs cSBs gq, gSa
cspkjs ;s ekuo 'kjhj ds <k¡psA bUgas ns[kus ds fy, vki egko`{k ihiy ds isM+
ds rys vkf[kj ,d lh<+h ij [kM+s gks x, vkSj mUgsa Lusg&iw.kZ uSuksa ls fugkjus
yxsA mu cspkjksa ds fpids gq, psgjs vkSj ihB ds lkFk yxs isV dks ns[kdj
budk ân; fonh.kZ gksrk tk jgk Fkk] ân; dh osnuk ls fopfyr gks mBh
budh dksey fueZy vkRekA lpeqp vkidk ân;]
lUr ân; uouhr lekuk
rqylh ds bl opukuqlkj eD[ku ds leku dksey FkkA budk ân; tks QwV
iM+rk Fkk fdlh ds fdafpr ek= nq%[k dks ns[kdjA egkRekvksa dk viuk nq%[k
rks dksbZ gksrk gh ughaA mudh ân; xqQk rks nwljksa ds nnZ ls gh Hkjh jgrh gSA
mnwZ ds 'kk;j vehj us fdruk vPNk dgk gS&
[katj pys fdlh is rM+irs gSa ge vehjA
lkjs tgk¡ dk nnZ gekjs ftxj esa gSA
budk viuk rks dksbZ gksrk ugha] ij lkjh nqfu;k ds lkFk gennhZ rks gksrh
gh gS budh] fdlh 'kk;j us dgk gS&
vxj dksbZ gekjk ugha rks dqN x+e ughaA
nnZ gennhZ ds gekjs de ughaA
p¡wfd vkids dksey ân; ij d#.k jl dk jkt Fkk] fQj og v/khj dSls u
gks tkrk bu nqf[k;ksa dks ns[kdjA lks jksrs gq, ân; ls vkius vius fiz; f'k";
lar ukjk;.k flag th dks dgk&ukjk;.k flag! dqN jstxkjh ¼flDds½ gS rqEgkjs
ikl\ ukjk;.k flag th us >ksyk vkxs djrs gq, dgk&gk¡ egkjkt! gSa pkj&
ik¡p #i;s ds NksVs&eksVs flDdsA cl nhu ghu fgrdkjh egkRek us >ksys esa ls
eqV~Bh Hkjh vkSj ck¡Vus yx x,A fQj D;k Fkk >qaM ds >qaM tek gks x,] gkFk
QSyk, gq, fHk[kkfj;ksa ds ;kpd tu vkxs vkrs x, >ksyk [kkyh gks x;k] ij
vkRe lfjrk 285

bruk vPNk gqvk fd iSls lcdks fey x,] ojuk fiaM NqM+kuk eqf'dy gks
tkrk egkRek dksA vLrq os ;gk¡ ds nnksZa dks ân; esa lekdj ig¡qp x, vius
Msjs ijA
jkr dks muls [kkuk ugha [kk;k x;kA lar ukjk;.k flag th us vuqu;
fou; djds eqf'dy ls mUgsa FkksM+k nw/k fiyk;kA ukjk;.k flag th dks lksus dh
vkKk nsdj os tkdj fcLrj ij ysV x,A ij uhan dgk¡ nqf[k;kjs uSuksa dks]
muds ân; lkxj esa fdLe&fdLe dh rjaxsa mBrh jghaA pkj cts lar ukjk;.k
flag th us Lo;a Luku fd;kA fQj xeZ ty ls mudks Luku djk;kA izkr%
fuR; fu;e dk ikB dj [kkyh gq;s rks ukjk;.k flag th dks cqyk;k vkSj
dgk&HkaMkjksa ls cpk gqvk enugfj dk vkB gtkj #i;k vHkh ckdh gSA esjh
bPNk gS mls bu fdLer ds ekjksa dh lsok esa yxk nasA lks cksyks rqEgkjh D;k
jk; gS\ eSa D;k dg ldrk gw¡ egkjktA tks vkidh jt+k esa gks mlh esa jkt+h gw¡]
mlh esa izlUu gw¡A lar ukjk;.k flag th us gkFk tksM+dj dgkA eSa mu fnuksa
ogha FkkA og eq> ls cksys & D;ksa vjfoan th ! ml cph gqbZ ek;k dks ;fn bu
csclksa dh lsok esa yxk nsa rks vPNk mi;ksx gksxk ml cph gqbZ /ku jkf'k dkA
vius d`i.k LoHkko ds vuqlkj eSaus dgk& egkjkt vki >qXxh >ksiM+h esa
FkksM+k gh cSBs gSa] ;g rks ,d egku vkJe gS vkidkA jkt egyksa ds leku
HkO; Hkou gS ;gk¡ bl esa gtkj izdkj ds [kpZ iM+rs jgrs gSa] vr% laHkky dj
jf[k;s bls] fdlh dke esa vk tk,xkA O;FkZ Qsadus ls D;k ykHk\ og vius
mnkj LoHkko ls cksys&xyr dgrs gks gdhdr flag] eq>s ilan ugha rqEgkjk
dgukA rqe edku ds [kpZ dh fpark djrs gks] edku ds reke [kpZ ds fy,
i;kZIr iw¡th gSA ;gk¡ izHkq&d`ik ls lc dke gksrs pysaxsA fpark dh t:jr ughaA
nwljh ckr gS fd iSlk yksdksidkj ij gh yxuk mfpr gSA
286 vkRe lfjrk

laxzg dh izo`fÙk
og fQj n`<+rk ds lkFk cksys&rqEgkjs dgus dk Hkko rks vjfoan th ;g
fudyrk gS fd bls tek dj nsaA ij tek dh vknr ls gh rks laxzg dh izo`fÙk
dk tUe gksrk gSA blfy, lar&tu rks ;g dgrs gSa&
iawth iaM mrkj dj gks eu gkSy pV~VA
tks vkos lks [kk; ys laxzg dh tM+ iV~VA
;g iw¡th rks euq"; ds efLr"d ij cks>k gS] Hkkj gS] bls mrkj Qsadus esa
gh dY;k.k gSA gydk gks tk esjs eu ;s gSa larksa ds fopkjA bl ij fopkj
dhft,] ;g ,d Bksl lPpkbZ gS fd&laxzg gh lc cqjkb;ksa dh] vuFkksZa dh]
xqukgksa] nqxqZ.kksa vkSj ikiksa dh tM+ gSA blh ls gh fofo/k izdkj ds vijk/k]
O;fHkpkj] vukpkj] ,s;kf'k;k¡] nqjkpkj] ,s'kks b'jr] vkjke rych vkfn
feF;kpkj dk vkfo"dkj gksrk gSA NksVh&NksVh yM+kb;k¡ bl laxzghr ljek, ds
dkj.k gh rks gksrh gaSA ;gk¡ rd fd fo'o&;q)ksa dk tUe Hkh vfr laxzg gh ls
gksrk gSA
'kk;n rqEgsa bldh tkudkjh gksxh fd ughaA yks ;kn dj yks] lc ls igys
xq# ukud us gh bl ?kksj vijk/k ij otz izgkj fd;k gSA mUgksaus Mads dh pksV
ls bl rF; dks mn~?kkfVr fd;k gS fd fcuk iki deksZa ds ek;k dk laxzg laHko
ugha gSA og vklk jkx esa dgrs gSa&&
Ikkik ck>gq gksoS ukgh eqbvk lkfFk u tkbZAA ¼iUuk 417½
xq# ukud us ;s 'kCn dc vkSj D;ksa dgs\ bl iz'u dk mÙkj <wa<+us ds
fy, vkt ls lk<s pkj lkS o"kZ igys dk ,d yksHk g"kZd n`'; ns[kuk iM+sxkA
yks ykSVks lk<+s pkj lkS o"kZ ds igys t+ekus dh vksjA
ftØ lu~ 1521 dk gS tc eqxy lkezkT; ds laLFkkid ckcj us
,seukckn ¼ykgkSj vkSj vVd ds njE;ku egRoiw.kZ LFkku½ ij geyk fd;k rks
vkRe lfjrk 287

fgUnq vkSj ogka dk 'kkld pkgrs Fks fd bl [kqa[kkj cyk ds lkeus >wdk tk,
rkfd ;g twYeh cyk nwj ls gh vk, vkSj fudy tk, rks 'kgj dk cpko gks
tk,A ij ihj&Qdhj vkSj lS¸;n~ yksx ftudk ;g iz/kkux<+ Fkk] ;s dgrs Fks
fd ge vius tknw Vksus vkSj rU= eU= ds cy ls bu eqxyksa dks vU/ks dj
MkysaxsA bu dh canqd rksiksa ds eqag can dj nsaxsA nqljs Fks iBku lwjes] tks buds
vU/kkuq;k;h Fks] os dgrs Fks fd ge geykojksa dks ;gha ls ihNs ykSVus ij
etcwj dj nsaxsA ;s cspkjs rks Mhaxs gkadrs gh jg x,A ckcj ds yM+kdqvksa us
nwj ls gh rksisa nkx nha vkSj canqdksa ls xksfy;ksa dh ckSNkj djus yxsA ;kn jgs
fd canwd vkSj rksi ml le; ds uohure vL= Fks vkSj iBkuksa ds ikl rhjksa
ryokjksa vkSj ust+ksa Hkkyksa ds flok dksbZ dkjxj 'kL= Ukgha FkkA os cspkjs rhj
deku ysdj Q+lhyksa ij p<+ x, vkSj ryokj ust+s ysdj gkfFkvksa ij p<+dj
yM+us yxsA ij muds lkeus dqN u dj ldsA ckcj dh rksiksa ds xksyksa us fdys
dh nhokjksa esa cM+s&cM+s lqjk[k dj fn;sA canwdksa dh xksfy;ksa ls iBkuksa ds lhuksa
dks Nyuh djrs gq, eqxy flikgh fdys esa ?kql x, vkSj 'kgj esa ,slk dRys
vke fd;k fd fgUnq] eqLyeku] L=h] cky o`) vkfn fdlh dks u NksM+k] ekSr
ds ?kkV mrkj fn;kA csxeksa vkSj lsBkfu;ksa ds xys ds eksrh&gkj rksM+ Mkys vkSj
mudh txg cscl cspkjh csxeksa vkSj uo fookfgr laqnfj;ksa ds xys esa jfLl;ka
vkSj ta+thjsa Mky tdM+ yha vkSj mUgsa ckyksa ls idM+ dj cktkjksa esa ?klhVkA
buds cPps vkSj fd'kksj ckyd jksVh ds VqdM+ksa dks rjlrs gq, jks fpYyk jgs
FksA
xq# ukud nso th us ml le; ds nnZukd n`'; dh QM+drh gqbZ nks
rhu 'kCnksa esa rlohj mrkjhA ikBdksa dh tkudkjh ds fy, eSa mUgsa ;gka mn~?k`r
djrk gw¡&
288 vkRe lfjrk

jkx vklk egyk 1 vlVinhvk ?kj&3

1 vksadkj lfrxqj izlkfnAA
ftu flfj lksgfu iVhvk ekaxh ikb la/kw#AA
ls flj dkrh eqafuvfUk~ xy fofp vkoS /kwfM+AA
egyk vanfj gksnhvk gqf.k cgf.k u feyfUk~ gnwfjAA 1AA
vknsslq ckck vknslqAA
vkfn iqj[k rsjk varq u ikbvk dfj dfj ns[kfg oslAA jgkmAA
tngq lhvk ohvkghvk ykM+s lksgfu ikflAA
ghMksyh pfM+ vkbZvk nan [kaM dhrs jkflAA
mijgq ik.kh okjh,s >ys f>edfu ikflAA 2AA
bdq y[kq ygfUk~ cfgBhvk y[kq ygfUk~ [kMh+vkAA
xjh Nqgkjs [kkanhvk ek.kfUk~ lstM+hvkAA
frUk~ xfy flydk ikbZvk rqVfUk~ eksrljhvkAA 3AA
/kuq tkscuq nqb oSjh gks, ftUk~h j[ks jaxq ykbAA
nwrk uks Qqjekbvk yS pys ifr xokbAA
ts frlq HkkoS ns ofMvkbZ ts HkkoS nsb ltkbAA 4AA
vxks ns ts psrh,s rka dkbrq feyS ltkbAA
lkgka lqjfr xokbZvk jafx reklS pkbAA
ckcjok.kh fQfj xbZ dqb# u jksVh [kkbAA 5AA
bduk o[kr [kqvkbZvfg bdUk~k iwtk tkbAA
pmds fo.kq fganok.khvk fdm fVds d<fg ukbAA
jkeq u dcgw psfrvks gqf.k dgf.k u feyS [kqnkbAA 6AA
bfd ?kfj vkofg vki.kS bfd fefy fefy iqNfg lq[kAA
bdUk~k ,gks fyf[kvk cfg cfg jksofg nq[kAA
tks frlq HkkoS lks Fkh,s ukud fdvk ekuq[kAA 7AA ¼iUuk 417½
vkRe lfjrk 289

dfBu 'kCnkas ds vFkZ& iVhvk&ifV~V o ifV~VdkA ekaxh&ekax] ekus ekaxksa esa

la?kwj&flanwjA dkrh&dSaph&drjus okyh Nqjh oxSjg ¼vkfn½A gksnhvk vFkkZr~
mu egyksa ds lkeus ftu egyksa dh ;s ekfyd FkhaA gq.k&vc] vc mu egykas
ds lehi Hkh cSBuk ugha feyrkA ghMksyh&ikydhA nan&[kaM&gkFkh nk¡r ds
VqdM+s] Hkko& gkFkh&nk¡r ds pwM+s oxSjk] J`axkj dh oLrqA >y&ia[ks&gok ds
fy,A flydka&jLlh;ka] tathj vkfnA eksRkljhvk&eksrhgkj dh yM+hvkaA
lqjfr&le>A ckcjok.kh&ckcj ds uke dh nwgkbZA [kqvkbZvfg& xaokb ;k tk
jgk gS] O;FkZ tk jgk gSA
vkxs okyk 'kCn Hkh iwoksZDr 'kCn esa mfYyf[kr vkØe.k ds le; gh
fy[kk x;k gSA tc xq# ukud ckcj dh dSn esa iM+ dj x, vkSj vkxs ckcj
ds lkFk ckrphr djds lc dSfn;ksa dks ysdj 'kgj esa okil vk, rks 'kgj dh
nqnZ'kk ns[kdj vkxs okyk 'kCn fy[kkA
vklk egyk 1AA
dgk lq [ksy rcsyk ?kksM+s dgk Hksjh lgukbZAA
dgk lq rsxcan xkMsjfM dgk lq yky dokbZAA
dgk lq vkjlhvk eqg cads ,sFkS fnlfg ukghAA 1AA
bgq txq rsjk rw xkslkbZAA
,d ?kM+h efg Fkkfi mFkkis t# oafM nsoS HkkabZAA jgkmAA
dgka lq ?kj nj eaMi egyk dgk lq cad ljkbZAA
dgka lq lst lq[kkyh dkef.k ftlq osf[k uhn u ikbZAA
dgk lq iku racksyh gjek gksbZvk NkbZ ekbZAA 2AA
blq tj dkjf.k ?k.kh foxqrh bfu tj ?k.kh [kqvkbZAA
ikik ck>gq gksoS ukgh eqbvk lkfFk u tkbZAA
ftl uks vkfi [kqvk, djrk [kqfl y, pafxvkbZAA 3AA
290 vkRe lfjrk

dksVh gw ihj ojft jgk, tk eh# lqf.kvk /kkbvkAA

Fkku eqdke tys fct eanj eqfN eqfN dqbj #ykbvkAA
dksbZ eqxyq u gksvk va/kk fduS u ijpk ykbvkAA 4AA
eqxy iBk.kk HkbZ yM+kbZ j.k efg rsx oxkbZAA
vksUk~h rqid rkf.k pykbZ vksUk~h glfr fpM+kbZAA
ftUk~ dh phjh njxg ikVh frUk~k ej.kk HkkbZAA 5AA
bd fganok.kh voj rqjdk.kh HkfVvk.kh Bdqjk.khAA
bdUk~k isj.k flj [kqj ikVs bdUk~k oklq elk.khAA
ftUk~ ds cads ?kjh uk vkbvk frUk~ fdm jSf.k fogk.khAA 6AA
vkis djs djk, djrk fdl uks vkf[k lq.kkbZ,sAA
nq[kq lq[kq rsjS Hkk.kS gksoS fdl FkS tkb :vkbZ,sAA
gqdeh gqdfe pyk, foxlS ukud fyf[kvk ikbZ,sAA 7AA
¼iUuk 417-18½
Hksjh&oM+k uDdkjkA lgukbZ&'kgukbZ&uQhjh izfl) ok|A rsx can&
ryokj /kkjh ;ks/kkA xkjsMj&xkMh jFk vkfn ij lokj flikghA yky&dokbZ&
yky jax dk pksxk ftls igu dj ohj j.kkx.k esa tkrs Fks vkjlhvka&'kh'ks
okys t+soj dks fL=;ka vaxwBs esa igurh FkhA gjek&fookfgr fL=;ka ,oa nkfl;kaA
fct&eanj&iRFkjksa ls cus jkt HkouA ijpk&ifjp; fdlh ihj Qdhj us
djkekr dk ifjp; ugha fn;k tks ;g dgrs Fks fd ge tknq ea= vkfn ls rksiksa
ds eqag can dj nsaxsA eqxy va/ks gks tk,axs] lks lc O;FkZ dh ckrsa FkhaA rqid&
canwd] phjh&fpVVh&isj.k vkSjrksa ds yEcs pksys vehj tkfrvka igurh FkhaA
ftl rÙo dh O;k[;k ge djrs Fks og gS&laxzg dh vksj izo`fÙkA laxzg ds
izfr vfr vuqjkxA ek;k ds vfr laxzg ij xq# ukud th us nks ykbuas
iafDr;k¡ fy[k dj izcy izgkj fd;kA os nks iafDr;k¡ gSa&
blq tj dkjf.k ?k.kh foxqrh bfu tj ?k.kh [kqvkbZAA
vkRe lfjrk 291

ikik ck>gq gksoS ukgh eqbvk lkfFk u tkbZAA ¼iUuk 417-18½

ckcj }kjk fd, x, dRysvke dk dkj.k /ku laxzg gh rks FkkA yksf/k;ksa us
iki djds laxzghr fd;k FkkA bls ckcj iki deZ djds vfr laxzg ij rqyk
gqvk FkkA bu nksuksa us ryokj ds cy ls vFkZ laxzg fd;k vkSj bu nksuksa ls gh
ryokj dh rkdr ls gh ;g tj ¼/ku] nkSyr½ vkf[kj fNu Hkh xbZA os dsoy
ikiksa dk Hkkj flj ij mBkdj ys x, vkSj dqN ughaA mu iafDr;ksa dk v{kjkFkZ
dj nsuk vuqfpr u gksxk&bl /ku&nkSyr ds dkj.k&
^/k.kh* T;knk] cgqr nqfu;k ^foxqrh* ekus [okj gqbZA
bl ek;k dh r`".kk gh us ?k.kh [kqvkbZ cgqr yksHkh yksxksa dks ijes'oj ds
jkLrs ls xqejkg dj ikiksa ds ekxZ ij yxk fn;k gSA ck>gw fcuk] vFkkZr~ Øwjrk
iw.kZ iki deksZa ds fcuk ;g tj] ;g /ku&lEifÙk] vfr ek=k esa laxzghr ugha
gks ldrhA bl ij rqjkZ ¼vk'p;Z½ ;g fd ej.k dky esa blesa ls ,d dkSM+h
Hkh lkFk ugha tkrhA
;kn jf[k, ;g tekuk lektokn dk gSA vr% bls lekt&fgr esa yxkus
esa gh cqf}eÙkk gSA ;g Hkh ;kn gksuk pkfg, rqEgsa] fd 'kjhj dk tks vax fucZy
gksrk gS] mlh dks iq"V djus dh vksj vf/kd /;ku fn;k tkrk gSA rks ;s x`g&
foghu oxZ ;kfu ?kkl&Qwl ls o VwVs&QwVs ]lM+s&xys Vhuksa ls cuh NksVh&NksVh
>ksifM+;ksa esa xqtj djus okys ;s xjhc yksx Hkh lekt dk fucZy vax gaS vr%
budh lsok vf/kd mi;ksxh gS] vko';d gSA
,d /kkfeZd igyw Hkh gS bl i{k esa] ml ij Hkh xkSj djuk pkfg,A og
;g fd eku yks fd ,d ifr&HkDr L=h] vius ifr ds xzke dks tk jgh gSA
D;k mls jkLrs esa jksd nsuk iki ugha ekuk tk,xk\ eSaus dgk vo'; ekuk
tk,xkA os cksys&;g ns[krs gks xaxk cg jgh gS] ;qx&;qxkarj ls cgrh pyh tk
jgh gS vius ifr lkxj ls feyus ds fy,A ;fn bls jkLrs esa jksd fn;k tk,
292 vkRe lfjrk

rks fdruk vuFkZ gks tk,xkA gtkjksa xzke cg tk,xs] ?kM+h nks ?kM+h esa gh blds
izcy izokg esaA
blh izdkj y{eh nsoh dh vf/kd izhfr gS fo".kq ds pj.kksa es]a vr% og
fo".kq th dh pj.k&lsok esa tkuk pkgrh gSA mls tehu esa xkM+ nsus ls iki
ugha gksxk\ th gk¡] vo'; gksxk] eSaus gkFk tksM+dj dgkA og izxk<+ fo'okl
ds lkFk cksys&rks ;g lekt Hkh fo".kq Hkxoku dk :i gh rks gSA fo".kq dk
fojkV~ Lo:i] ;g lekt gh rks gSA cl blh lekt :ih fo".kq dh lsok esa
yxkuk pkgrk gw¡ y{eh nsoh dks] bldks dSn esa Mkys j[kuk lkekftd cqjkbZ gSA
vr% eSa blds laxzgky; esa lqjk[k dj nsuk pkgrk gw¡] fNnz dj nsuk pkgrk gw¡]
bldk ekxZ iz'kLr djus ds fy,A
vkSj lquks] esjh varjkRek ls ,d vkSj vkokt+ vk jgh gS vkSj og ;g fd
vc bldks dSn esa j[kuk dfBu dke gSA u dsoy ;g esjh vkokt+ gS] cfYd
uo;qx dk mn~?kks"k gSA ;g vc rks frtksfj;ksa] rg[kkus dks rksM+dj ckgj vkus
dks csrkc gS A og ;gk¡ rd fd tehu esa xkM+dj j[kus okys Hkh bls jksds ugha
j[k ldrsA mUgsa Hkh tehu ls ckgj fudky dj j[k nsuk iM+sxk ojuk Hkwdai
mls fudky dj ckgj Qsad nsxkA eSaus flj >qdkdj dgk&lR; gS egkjktA
brus esa lar ukjk;.k flag th mudk Hkkstu ysdj vk x, vkSj eq>s Hkh dgk&
pfy,] Hkkstu dj yhft,A cl ckr ;gha lekIr gks xbZA
13 fnlEcj dks fuR; deZ ls fuo`Ùk gksdj cSBs rks lar djrkj flag th
us mUgsa pk; nh] pk; ihdj cksys ukjk;.k flag dks cqykvksA ukjk;.k flag th
us gkFk tksM+dj dgk&D;k vkKk gS\ egkjkt cksys&tkvks f=os.kh ?kkV ij
reke lk/kq ]Qdhjksa dks pk;] uk'rs dk fuea=.k ns vkvksA ?kkV ij cSBus okys
cs?kjksa dks vkSj tks dqVh] >ksiM+h&>qXxh vkfn esa jgus okys gSa mu lc dksA lar
ukjk;.k flag th vkKkuqlkj lcdks fuea=.k ns vk,A 14 fnlEcj lu~
vkRe lfjrk 293

1969 dks losjs 8 cts yxHkx 100 lkS lk/kq] lar] o`)] cPps vkSj ekb;ksa
dk te?kV yx x;k fueZy vkJe esaA mUgsa 4-4 tysfc;k¡ vkSj vk/kk&vk/kk
fdyks pk; nsdj dgk fd iwjh lnhZ ds ekSle ds fy, gS ;s fuea=.k] gj jkst+
blh le; vkdj pk; fi;k djksA
8 vizSy lu~ 1970 dks lar ukjk;.k flag th us lwpuk nh fd lar
enugfj th okyk dqy iSlk [kRe gks x;k gS] can dj fn;k tk, D;k pk; {ks=
dks\ egkjkt us dgk&vPNk ! enugfj th dk [ktkuk [kRe gks x;k gS rks
gksus nks] rqEgkjk dks"k rks Hkjiwj gS uk\ th gk¡ egkjkt] og rks vkidh d`ik ls
Hkjiwj gSA lar ukjk;.k flag th us eqLkdjkrs gq, dgk] vPNk rks rqEgkjs dks"k
:ih fgeky; esa Nsn dj fn;k gS eSaus] fgeky; dk ;g nwljk p'ek ¼pk; dk
lnkorZ½ Hkh xax&/kkj ds lkFk fujarj pyrk jgsxk] de ls de esjh ft+anxh
rd bls cjkcj pyuk gh gksxk] vkxs rqEgkjh ethZA
Ckl rc ls py jgk gS ;g viuh euksje xfr lsA
blh nkSjku vkius lar enugfj ds fufer 125 #0 dk dM+kg izlkn
djkdj iatkc fla/k {ks= esa ck¡Vk 11-2-70 dksA
2 fnlEcj lu~ 1970 dks ukjk;.k nkl iatkch dk i= vkus ij vki
cEcbZ ds fy, izLFkku dj x,A
461 #i;s fueZy v[kkM+s ds Jh egar lkfgc dks HkstkA rk0 11-1-71
dks pw¡fd bl lky iz;kx dh v)ZdqaHkh dk esyk Fkk ij vki bl ij u tk lds
vkSj Jh egar iafMr lqPpk flag th dks fueZy iaMky esa 700 #i;s HkaMkjk ds
fy, psd cEcbZ ls Hkst fn;k FkkA
lar ukjk;.k flag th jkek;.k dh pkSikb;k¡ e/kqj Loj esa xk dj dFkk
djrs FksA dFkk dh Hkk"kk Hkh gksrh Fkh lh/kh lknh] ;kfu cksy pky dh Hkk"kk tks
vklkuh ls vke yksxksa dh le> esa vk tkrh Fkh vr% lc yksxksa dks vkrh
294 vkRe lfjrk

FkhA bl rjg cEcbZ esa HkfDr Kku dk ;g lzksr v<+kbZ ekl rd tkjh jgkA
,d vksj ;g HkfDr dk 'khry p'ek vkSj nwljh vksj Fks HkDrksa dh vPNh
vfHkyk"kkvksa dks iwjh djus okys dYir# egkjkt vkRek flag thA bl izdkj
cEcbZ esa izHkq&uke vkSj ln~fopkjksa dk ih;w"k fiykdj vki 14 Qjojh lu~
1971 dks cEcbZ ls nsgyh vk x,A ;gk¡ nks fnu jg dj] 17-2-71 dks
okil du[ky vk x,A
3-3-1971
195 #0 gfj}kj ;k=k djus x,A
25 #0 iap ijes'oj dh iwtk] fueZy v[kkM+s esaA
11 #0 dM+kg izlkn dh [kkfrj fn,A
11 #0 xn~nh dh iwtkA
43 #0 lUrksa vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dksA
5 #0 xq#}kjk rhljh ikr'kkghA
19-3-71
39 #0 Jh fueZy iapk;rh v[kkM+k du[ky dks fn,A
30-3-71 y[kuÅ gksdj bykgkckn esa igq¡psA ihyh dksBh fueZy
v[kkM+k esaA
11 #0 iap ijes'oj dh iwtk dhA
5 #0 egar nhnkj flag th dh iwtkA
5 #0 xq#}kjk esa iwtkA
11 #0 jEer v[kkM+k fueZy dh iwtk dk'kh th esaA
5 #0 xq#}kjk dk'kh th dh iwtkA
2 #0 lsoknkjksa dks bukeA
19-4-71
11 #0 Jh egar fueZy v[kkM+k dh iwtk iap dh ;k=k djus x,A
vkRe lfjrk 295

5 #0 Kkuh fc'ku flag th ØhV dh iwtkA

15-5-71
Ckukjl esa vkids xq#HkkbZ iafMr vtqZu flag th chekj Fks] vkidks bl
ckr dk irk pyk rks n;ko'k gksdj mudh lsok lqJw"kk ds okLrs lar djrkj
flag th dks dk'kh HkstkA tc rd izlUu gksdj fHk{kq th us lar djrkj flag
th dks okil gksus dh vkKk ugha nh os ogha mudh lsok djrs jgsA
505 #0 fHk{kq th dh chekjh vkfn ds [kpZ ds fy, fn;kA
23 #0 lar djrkj flag th dk fdjk;kA
20-7-71
vki tgk¡ tu lk/kkj.k ij n;k dk Hkko o izse j[krs Fks] ogk¡ vkids
ân; lkxj esa xq# HkfDr dk TokjHkkVk jgrk FkkA vki
xq# ijesl# ,dks tk.kqAA ¼iUuk 864½
ds vuqlkj xq#nso dh iwtk HkfDr Hkh ijes'oj le> dj gh djrs FksA vkius
vius 'kgu'kkgh LoHkko ds vuqlkj xq# ckck egar cq<~<k flag th dh ;kn
dks ges'kk fta+nk j[kus ds fy,&
32001 #0 vekur cqfu;kfn [kkrk Jh fueZy iapk;rh v[kkM+k
du[ky }kjk psd uacj 567129 rkjh[k 26-4-71 iatkc uS'kuy cSad
du[ky lsfoax [kkrk esa j[k fn;kA bl jde ds C;kt ls izfrekl Jh xq# xzaFk
th dk lgt ikB]dM+kg izlkn jkst+kuk vkSj iwtk ikB gksrk jgsxkA ;g jde
lnk ds fy, tek jgsxh vkSj egar Jh ckck cq<~<k flag th ds fufeÙk Åij
fy[kk [kpkZ lnSo gksrk jgsxk vkSj ckck cq<~<k flag th ds uke dh vjnkl
gksrh jgsxhA
uksV&;g jde fueZy iapk;rh v[kkM+k dh cgh jkst+ukepk iUuk 110
ij tek gSA
30 #0 egar vkRek flag th 'kgu'kkg] egar f=yksd flag th lqHkk'k
296 vkRe lfjrk

?kkV] Kkuh fc'ku flag th fdjhV gfj}kj dh iwtkA

Rkkjh[k 5-8-71
100 #0 22-8-71 dks jked`".k lsokJe gfj}kj dks iznku fd,] gLrs
Lokeh lsØsVjh jked`".k fe'ku du[kyA
5-9-71 dks xq#}kjk rhljh ikr'kkgh ok
30 #0 fueZy iapk;rh v[kkM+k dh ;k=k djus x, ogk¡ iwtk dhA
5 #0 xq#}kjk eas jkfx;ksa dks vjnkl djk,A
24 #0 iapk;rh fueZy v[kkM+k ds Jh egUr dh iwtk] mUgsa feyus x,
FksA
14 flrEcj lu~ 1971 dks
136 #0 16 flrEcj lu~ 71 dks Jh ckck cq<~<k flag th egkjkt dh
o"khZ vfr mRlkg ds lkFk eukbZA Mcy Hk.Mkjk fd;kA Hk.Mkjk ds [kpZ ds
vykokA
125 #0 Jh egar fueZy v[kkM+k du[ky dh iwtkA
600 #0 iaxr iwtk ¼lc Hkkstu ikus okys larksa dks nf{k.kk½A
151 #0 lkIrkfgd i= fueZy mn~ns'; ve`rlj dh lgk;rkA
250 #0 17-12-71 dks j{kk Q.M eas fn,] Hkkjr ljdkj dksA
q
vkRe lfjrk 297

rjax 62

vkn'kZ o"khZ lu~ 1972 _f"kds'k esa D;ksa \

lar ukjk;.k flag th us bl o"kZ eq>s iUnzg fnu igys 20 flrEcj dks
i= fy[kk fd vki nl fnu igys gh ;gk¡ vk tkukA bl o"kZ dh o"khZ
_f"kds'k eas eukus dk egkjkt dk fopkj gSA vkrs gq;s Kkuh fc'ku flag th
fdjhV dks Hkh gfj}kj ls lkFk ysrs vkukA rnuqlkj eSa 25-9-1972 dks
pydj 26 rkjh[k dks gfj}kj ig¡qp x;kA vxys fnu Kkuh fdjhV th ls
feydj lUr ukjk;.k flag th dk i= lquk;k] ml fnu fdjhV th dks dqN
dke FkkA ifj.kke Lo:i ge nksuksa 28-9-72 dks _f"kds'k igq¡psA tyiku
djrs gq, ge yksxksa us lar ukjk;.k flag th ls iwNk vc dh o"khZ _f"kds'k esa
D;ksa euk jgs gSa tc fd vc rd du[ky esa gh eukbZ tkrh jgh\ lar th us
dgk&eq>s rks dqN ekywe ugha egkjkt gh bldk mÙkj ns ldrs gSaA ml fnu
rks 'kke dks ge Hkxokuiqjk esa egar prqj flag th ls feyus pys x,A vxys
fnu izkr%dkyhu tyiku ds ckn egkjkt ds n'kZu djus x,A eSa rks
ladkspo'k pqi jgk ij Kkuh th us fgEer djds iwN gh fy;k&
egkjkt ! bl lky o"khZ _f"kds'k esa eukus dk D;k lcc\ vc rd rks
du[ky es gh eukrs jgs gSa\ egkjkt us dgk&pyks dgha Hkh euk yh blesa D;k
QdZ iM+rk gSA ij Kkuh th ;ksa gh pqi jgus okys ugha FksA os fQj cksys&
egkjkt dqN dkj.k rks t:j gksxkA fcuk otg ls fdlh flLVe dks cnyk
ugha tk ldrkA os cksys vxj u crkus dh ckr gks rks dSls crk nsaA Kkuh th
us dgk&u crkus dh D;k ckr gSA D;k gesa Mj gS fdlh dkA ge dksbZ pksjh dh
298 vkRe lfjrk

ckr ugha djrs fd fdlh dk Mj ekusaxsA mUgksaus dgk&pksjh dh ugha] Kkuh th

jkt+ dh ckr gS] crkus dh ughaA rks eSaus dgk&jgL; dh ckr ge ;fn vki
tSls eeZK] J)s; egkRek ls ugha iwNsaxs rks fQj dgk¡ ls\ rks og cksys&vkxzg
djrs gks vjfoUn th rqe rks crk nsrs gSa] exj vkxs fdlh dks crkuk erA
eSaus dgk&vPNk] vkids thou dky esa ugha crk;saxs fdlh dks] ij nwj Hkfo";
dh ckr lEHko ughaA rc mUgksaus izlUu eqnzk esa dgk& vPNk vkxs iz'u er
djuk] ojuk Bhd ugha gksxkA eSaus dgk] Lohdkj gS&vkKk vkidhA
cl bruk gh dgk&geas ,d gh o"khZ eukuh gSA cl tkb, Hk.Mkjk rS;kj
gSA ge rqjar pys vk, ckr ;gha lekIr gks xbZA ckgj ls lar egkRek vkSj
HkDr yksx /kM+k/kM+ pys vk jgs FksA fojDr f'kjksef.k iafMr fuDdk flag th
egkjkt] egk laxhrK Kkuh njos'k th ds ladhrZuh tRFks vkSj djuky ds
izsfe;ksa lfgr ig¡qp x,A flU/kh HkkbZ Hkh dkQh la[;k esa vk x;sA xq#ok.kh
dhrZu dh ije J)kyq eksguh nsoh Hkh ig¡qp xbaZA fuR; izfr nksuksa le;
dhrZu gksus yxkA njos'k th ds lkfFk;ksa us vkSj dhrZu dksfdyk eksguh nsoh us
ok;q&eaMy dks ve`re; cuk fn;k FkkA 4-10-72 dks pkj cts ls gh vklk
dh okj dk dhrZu njos'k th us 'kq: fd;k&fQj ckdh 4 'yksd vklk dh okj
dk dhrZu eksguh nsoh flU/kh us fd;kA ikB dh lekfIr ds ckn vkjrh
vjnkl gqbZA fQj ,d 'kCn dk dhrZu njos'k th us vkSj ,d 'kCn dk&
HkkxBM+s gfj lar rqe~kjs ftu~ ?kfj /kuq gfj ukekAA ¼iUuk 749½
dks eksguh nsoh us vfr e/kqj Loj esa xk;kA blds vuUrj fo}ku~ egkRekvksa
ds J)katfy Hkk"k.k vkjEHk gq,A eap eU=h dh lsok fuckg jgs Fks] egar
fc'ku flag th fdjhVA lcls igys fojDr f'kjksef.k Jh Jh 108 iafMr
fuDdk flag egkjkt ls izkFkZuk dh fd vki Jh xq# xzaFk lkfgc ds ,d 'kCn
dh O;k[;k djus dh d`ik djsa rks fojDr th egkjkt us xq#ok.kh ds ,d 'kCn
vkRe lfjrk 299

dh lqUnj O;k[;k dhA lHkh lekxr Jksrkx.k vkuafnr gq,A

fojDr th us fdjhV th ls dgk fd igys vki J)katfy vfiZr dhft,A
vkius dgk fd egar ckck cqM~<k flag th us lEor~~ 1904 esa eqyds eqdn~nl
fgUn dh t+eha ¼Hkkjr dh ifo= /kjrh½ ij dnes eqckjd ¼eqckjd pj.k½
j[kkA os 72 o"kZ ds yEcs vjls ¼le;½ rd nqfu;k esa jgsA 12 lky dh mez
esa Jh Bkdqj n;ky flag th dh f[kner ¼lsok½ esa muds ekrk firk us lkSai
fn;k FkkA Bkdqj th us vius xq# HkkbZ lar ckck /keZ flag th ds lqiqnZ ¼ns[k&
js[k½ dj fn;kA ckck /keZflag th us bUgsa fueZy er esa nhf{kr fd;kA tc rd
ckck /keZ flag th dh ft+Unxh jgh rc rd ;g mudh f[kner ¼lsok½ esa
gkft+j jgsA muls vkius Jh xq# xzaFk lkfgc ]xq# izrki lwjt] HkkbZ xq#nkl
th dh ck.kh] n'ke xzaFk vkfn xq#er ds xzaFk i<+sA muds xqt+j tkus ds ckn
dk'kh tkdj laLd`r dh rkyhe ¼f'k{kk½ gkfly ¼izkIr½ dhA fueZy v[kkM+k dh
cgqr vjlk ¼le;½ lsok dhA ;kuh lkB lky rd iatkc vkSj flU/k dks bYes
:gkfu;r dh jks'kuh ls jkS'ku djrs jgsA cl bu vyQkt ¼'kCnksa½ ds lkFk
eSa muds dnesa ^vdhns bjkfn;r* is'k djrk gw¡A
blds lkFk gh vius fueZy Lokeh iafMr enu eksgu flag th vk;qosZnk&
pk;Z dk uke is'k fd;kA mUgksaus dgk fd czãyhu ckck th egkjkt tgk¡ Jh
xq# xzaFk dh ok.kh ds eeZK fo}ku Fks] ogk¡ os laLd`r ds vPNs Kkrk Fks og tc
dHkh fo}kukas ls ckr phr djrs rks vusdkusd uhfr xzaFkksa ds 'yksd vkSj
mifu"knksa ds eU= cksyrsA mUgksaus vius lnqins'kksa ls yksxksa dks l)eZ dh f'k{kk
nsdj lUekxZ ij pyk;kA bu 'kCnksa ds lkFk eSa czãyhu fnO;kRek dks J)katfy
vfiZr djrk gw¡A
rnuarj eq>s vkns'k gqvk] rc eSa rks bruk gh dg ldk fd vknj.kh;
egkuqHkkoksa] iwT; pj.k Jh ckck th egkjkt us gekjs lkeus HkfDr Kku vkSj
300 vkRe lfjrk

lsok dk vkn'kZ j[kkA pw¡fd og vPNs fo}ku] oDrk vkSj egku lk/kd Fks
vr% mUgksaus vius vykSfdd Hkk"k.kksa ls HkfDr] Kku vkSj vuklfDr ;ksx dk
mins'k fn;kA og egku lk/kd FksA mUgksaus viuh lk/kuk }kjk tks dqN
vuqHko fd;k mlh dk mins'k turk dks fn;kA mUgksaus vius xq#nso ,oa
lekt dh Hkjiwj lsok dh vkSj lsok dk mins'k Hkh fn;kA igys Lo;a vkpj.k
fd;k] mlds ckn ftKklqtuksa dks vkn'kZ thou fcrkus dk mins'k fn;kA ;fn
ge Hkh muds mins'kksa ij vkpj.k djsa rks ge Hkh vius thou dks lQy cuk
ldrs gSaA cl eSa ^oUnsegkiq#"k! rs pj.kkjfoUne~* bl okD; ds lkFk
egkiq#"kksa ds pj.kksa eas J)katfy viZ.k djrk gw¡A
blds vuUrj dbZ ,d vU;kU; lEiznk;ksa ds egkRekvksa us fo'kq) fgUnh
esa vius mÙeksÙke Hkko O;Dr fd,A ,d cts iaxrsa yx xbaZ ;Fkk egkeaMys'oj
j?kqohjn;ky th vkfn dks iDdk Hk.Mkjk fn;k x;kA nf{k.kk esa lcdks ,d
(1) #i;k vkSj oL=] Qy fn, x,A
blh izdkj ;g 35oha o"khZ dk lekxe lQyrk ds lkFk lekIr gqvkA
101 #0 [kpkZ o"khZ ij vkxs fy[ks vuqlkj gqvkA
86 #0 tlks/kh ds ikB dh iwtkA
86 #0 Hk.Mkjs ds ikB dh iwtkA
214 #0 dhrZu djus okys jkfx;ksa dksA
14 #0 ds Qwy&ekyk xq#egkjkt vkSj larksa ds lRdkjkFkZA
151 #0 fueZy mn~ns'; i= dh lgk;rkA
30 #0 vU; ikB dh iwtkA
500 #0 egkRekvksa dks nf{k.kk nh xbZA
6-9-72 dks rhljs fnu gfj}kj esa] eSa vkSj Kkuh th muds LFkku esa pk;
ih jgs FksA Kkuh cksys&egUr th us dgk Fkk&jkt+ dh ckr gS crkus dh ugha]
ij blds ckn gh dgk fd ge ,d gh o"khZ euk;saxsA rks ,d o"khZ eukuk Hkh
vkRe lfjrk 301

dksbZ jkt+ dh ckr gS\ eSaus dgk blesa jkt+ ;g gS fd os vc dsoy ,d o"khZ
euk;saxs] nwljh ugha] ,d gh o"khZ euk;saxsA blesa tks ^gh* 'kCn gS og nwljh dk
fuorZd gS vkSj ^gh* 'kCn vU; dk O;korZd gksrk gSA vxj os jkt+ 'kCn u
cksyrs rks ge mldk vk'k; fudky ldrs Fks fd nwljh o"khZ du[ky esa
euk;saxs] ij ,d jkt+] nwljk ^gh* 'kCn nksuksa dk iz;ksx fdlh jgL; dks O;Dr
djrk gSA mUgksaus ;g bafxr fd;k gS fd os vxyh o"khZ ls igys gh 'kjhj NksM+
nsaxsA blhfy;s rks dgk fd fdlh dks crkuk erA eukgh Hkh rks fdlh jkt+ dks
fNikus okLrs gh dh tkrh gSA bu rhuksa 'kCnksa ls mUgksaus Hkfo"; dh vksj b'kkjk
fd;k gS fd os vc 'kjhj NksM+ nsaxs vkxkeh o"khZ ls igys ghA Kkuh th us
dgk&nyhysa rks vkidh Bhd gSa ij lgh ckr dks rks Hkfo"; crk;sxkA 15
vxLr 73 dks eSa egar fc'ku flag th galyh okys dh lrjoha ij ve`rlj
ig¡qpk rks Kkuh fdjhV th feys] dgus yxs vkidh ckr Bhd gh fudyhA eSaus
iwNk&D;k\ rks mUgksaus nq%[k O;Dr djrs gqvk dgk&fd egar lkgc egar
vkRek flag th dk 9-8-73 dks cSdq.B okl gks x;kA rks xeZ mPNokl ysrs
gq, eSaus dgk fd eq>s rks iw.kZ fo'okl Fkk fd mudh Hkfo"; ok.kh vU;Fkk ugha
gks ldrhA vkidks ;kn gksxk tc ge yksxksa ls ckr djrs gq;s mUgksaus jkt+ dh
ckr dgh Fkh fd ge ,d gh o"khZ euk;saxs] rks mudk jkt+ ;gh Fkk fd os o"khZ
ls igys gh thou yhyk lekIr dj nsaxsA
,d ckr lu~ 1967 dh uksV dj yhft;s! ,d ckr mUgksaus vius fy,
r[r cuokrs le; lar djrkj flag th ls dgh Fkh djrkj flag ! ekywe gS
rq>s ;g eap eSa D;ksa cuok jgk gw¡ \ djrkj flag th us dgk fd ugha egkjkt!
eq>s rks ugha ekywe rks mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd eSa blh ij e:¡xk&blh ij eSa izHkq
dk Lej.k djrk gqvk vfUre 'okl NksMw¡xkA ;g ckr lu~ 1967 dh gSA tc
eSa Kkuh th ds lkFk egkjkt dh lrjgoha ij vk;k rks fu'p; gqvk lar
302 vkRe lfjrk

ukjk;.k flag th ls iwNus ij fd [kqn vkMZj nsdj cuok,] blh r[r ij

'kjhj NksM+k Fkk egkjkt usA rc Kkuh th us dgk&/kU; Fks os egkiq#"k] muesa
Hkfo";r dh ckr dks tku ysus dh flf) vo'; FkhA
eSaus dgk& Kkuh th vkSj lqfu;sA pw¡fd os vkn'kZ xq#HkDr Fks ftl vxk/k
fo'okl ,oa fu"Bk ds lkFk xq#nso dh lsok HkfDr dh mldh felky nqfu;k esa
de gh feyrh gSA mudh xq# HkfDr vkn'kZ FkhA pw¡fd muds xq#nso dk ;g
vkfn LFkku Fkk] ;gh iz/kku xn~nh Fkh blfy;s vkf[kjh o"khZ mUgksaus xq#nso ds
vkfn LFkku ij eukus dk fu'p; fd;kA blhfy;s eSaus gSfMax esa vkn'kZ 'kCn
tksM+dj fy[kk vkn'kZ o"khZA
vkidks okd~flf) dh 'kfDr izkIr FkhA ij ;g dguk dfBu gS fd mudks
Hkfo"; dk Kku ;ksx 'kfDr ls gksrk Fkk ;k vkids vUnj bruk vkRefo'okl
gh vfr izcy Fkk fd tks dgrs og gks tkrk FkkA bldk ,d mnkgj.k vkSj
feyrk gSA og ;g fd ,d flU/kh nsoh gSA mlus egkjkt ds cSdq.Bokl ds
ckn egar ukjk;.k flag th dks i= fy[kk gS] mlesa yM+dh us fy[kk gS fd
egkjkt ds vk'khokZn ls gh eq>s iq= feyk vkSj vusd izdkj ds ladV muds
opu ls nwj gks x;sA ge mlds i= dks mlds lgh 'kCnksa esa ns jgs gSaA mls
/;ku ls if<+;sA ml i= dks ge v{kj'k% fy[krs gSaA yM+dh fdDjh dk i=&
,d vksadkj lfrxq# izlknA esjk I;kjk yksd&ijyksd dk jk[kk firk]
ckck ukjk;.k flag lkfgc th! vkidh isze i=h vHkh feyh] i<+dj
cgqr&cgqr [kq'kh gqbZA vkidh vk'kh"kksa ls esjk ifjokj gj rjg ls [kq'k gSA
esjs dks vius ckck egar lkfgc th dh cgqr&cgqr ;kn vkrh gSA eSa vkidks
Hkh daqnh ekbZ ds ?kj esa xq# ds r[r ij cSBk] dFkk djrk ns[krh gw¡A eSa ckck
egkjkt th dh tks dqN esjs Åij d`ik Fkh o.kZu ugha dj ldrh gw¡A esjs dks
ges'kk dgrs Fks&fddjh csVh] viuk ?kj t+:j gksuk pkfg,A ml o[r rks eSa
vkRe lfjrk 303

cgqr vutku Fkh D;ksafd eSa xoesZUV ds ?kj esa jgrh FkhA rks irk ugha Fkk fd
?kj dh Hkh t:jr iM+rh gSA ysfdu tc esjs ifr fjVk;j gq, rks ekywe fd;k
fd ckck rks lp cksyrk fd rks viuk ?kj t:j gksuk pkfg,A mlh esa Hkh esjs
ckck dk dksbZ eryc gSA eq>s ckck th dh nqvkvksa ls ?kj viuk gks x;k gSA
,d jgus ds fy, vkSj ,d fdjk;s ij fn;kA cgqr vPNk xqtkjk gksus yxkA
Tkc esjh nks csVh gqbaZ rks fQj rhljk cPpk vkus okyk FkkA rks eSaus ckck
dks fpV~~Bh fy[kh rks vk'kh"k djks rks iq= tUesA ckck us vPNk vk'kh"kksa ls
Hkjk [kr fy[kds HkstkA
Tkc iq= iSnk gqvk rks mldk uke Hkh ckck us j[kk esgjpUn] tks vHkh
rd esgjpUn cqyk;k tkrk gSA ckck dh esjs Åij vuUr d`ik FkhA esjs esa
fy[kus dh 'kfDr ugha gSA ges'kk dgrk Fkk esgjpUn cM+k nhoku cusxkA vkt
mldh d`ik] vk'kh"kksa ls lpeqp esgjpUn ds ?kj ij rhu eksVj xkM+h [kM+h
gSaA cgqr yk;d csVk fudyk gSA vius firk dh ru] eu] /ku ls cgqr lsok
dh FkhA ftudk 'kjhj rkjh[k ,d twu eghus 1974 chp NwV x;kA esjh csVh
pEik dks Hkh ges'kk pEik jkuh dg dj cqyk;k FkkA ml dh Hkh v'kh"kka dh rks
vPNk oj&?kj feykA
pEik dh 'kknh esa ckck th dks cqyk;k Fkk fd vk ds 'kknh djokvksA ckck
dh rch;r bruh Bhd ugha FkhA ckck us egar ukjk;.k flag dks HkstkA egar
ukjk;.k flag th us vk dj /kwe/kke ls vkuUn eaxy lnj futke ds egykr
esa djokbZA 'kknh 29 rkjh[k 1954 ekpZ ds eghus esa gqbZA
esg: dk tUe 10 twu 1937 esa gqvk FkkA eSa ckck th dh fdruh
djkekrsa fy[kw¡] iwjk fdrkc cu tk;sxkA dHkh Hkh dksbZ eqf'dy iM+rh Fkh rks eSa
ckck dks fy[krh FkhA esjs lc eqf'dy vklku gks tkrh FkkA tc esjs ifr dks
vkfQl dh rdyhQ iM+h ukSdjh ls Qkjx gks x;k FkkA eSaus ckck dks fpV~Bh
304 vkRe lfjrk

fy[kh esjs dks fy[kk rks fnoku dks&

fFk# ?kfj cSlgq gfj tu fIkvkjsAA
lfrxqfj rqejs dkt lokjsAA ¼iUuk 201½
'kCn dk ikB djus dks cksysA tks jkst djuk Fkk] lc efq'dy vklku gks xbZA
rhu eghus dk iwjk iXkkj ¼ukSdjh½ Hkh feyk] rhu eghuk vkjke Hkh feykA
lHkh vkQhlj gSjku gks x;s fd t:j fdlh cM+s vkQhlj dh flQkfj'k ls
dke cuk gSA eSa rks cksyrh Fkh] esjk xq# cM+s ls cM+k vkWQhlj gSA tks esjh gj
oDr j{kk djrk gSA fQj Hkh esjs dks D;k dgrs Fks&csVh\ rqEgkjk fo'okl
rqedks Qyrk gS] dHkh ugha fn[kkbZ nsrk Fkk rks esjk bruk dkjt dSls gks
ldrk gSA ges'kk ;gh dgrk Fkk fd rsjk fo'okl rsjs dks Qyrk gSA 1971 esa
esjs dks cgqr Hkkjh ladV vk iM+kA eSaus ckck dks fy[kk rks vHkh esjs dks [kqyh
rjg ls djkekr fn[kykvks] eSa cgqr nq[kh gw¡A vHkh esjs dks Hkkjh ladV ls
cpkvksA ckck ukjk;.k flag I;kjk th\ eSa [kqy ds ugha fy[krh gw¡A ysfdu
vkidks Hkh ;kn gksxkA tc eksguk dh ckr gqbZ FkhA dSls ckck us esjk ,sls
Hkkjh ladV esa vk dj iSt ¼ykt½ j[khA ckck us esjh dne&dne ij j{kk
djh gSA vHkh Hkh dgrs jgrs gSa] viuh T;ksfr vki esa /kj x;s gSaA I;kjs ckck
th vkidh vk[kjh dh rdyhQ gS tks i<+dj nq[k gqvkA &vkidh csVh
fdadjh
lu~ 1973 izLFkku dh vksj
yhyke; izHkq dh yhyk U;kjh gSA og vfpUruh; vuUr 'kfDr;ksa dk
Lokeh gS&
gju Hkju tk dk usrz Qks#AA
frl dk earzq u tkuS gks#AA ¼iUuk 284½
ds vuqlkj us=ksa&es"k ftrus le; esa og leLr l`f"V dh mRifÙk izy; djus
vkRe lfjrk 305

esa leFkZ gSA dksbZ ;ksxh tu Hkh mldh efgek dks ugha tku ldrkA ml
f=yksdh ukFk dk dksbZ ikj ugha ik ldrkA mldh cukbZ nqfu;k dk vUr ugha
ik ldrk u gh tku ldrk gS dksbZ ;ksxs'oj Hkh fd og fdl le; D;k djrk
gS] vkSj dc D;k djsxk \ crk ldrk gS dksbZ fd mlus nqfu;k dks dc
cuk;k\ dSls cuk;k \ fdruh ek=k esa cuk;k ;k dgk¡ cuk;k \ ugha&
fFkfr ok# uk tksxh tk.kS #fr ekgq u dksbZAA
tk djrk fljBh dm lkts vkis tk.kS lksbZAA ¼iUuk 4½
mlds vkfn vUr dk irk fdlh dks ugha gSA mldk vUr rks dksbZ D;k
ik;sxk mlds pj.kksa dh psjh ek;k ds pfj=ksa dks Hkh dksbZ ugha tku ldrkA
og Hkh v?kfVr ?kVuk iVh;lh gSA mldh 'kfDr;ksa ds lkeus lEHkoklEHko
dqN Hkh ugha gSA og myVk iyVk fu;ekuqdwy o izfrdwy gj izdkj ls lc
djus esa leFkZ gSA blhfy;s mlds cuk;s inkFkksZa dks dksbZ ugha tku ldrkA
D;k dksbZ tkusxk mlds }kjk jfpr unh ukys vkSj egk leqnzksa ds jgL; dks]
fo"kek fo"ke uhph Å¡ph ioZr ekyk vkSj fxfj&xájksa dh jpuk ds jgL; dks
le>rk gS dksbZ \vxj ugha rks egkpy fgeky; ds vUrfuZfgr lw{ekfrlw{e
oLrqvksa dks tkudkjh fdlh dks dSls gks ldrh gS \
budh jpuk ds jgL; dks rks dkSu tkusxkA fdl oLrq ds vUnj D;k xq.k
vkSj D;k nks"k gS ge Bhd rjg ugha le> ldrs fdlh Hkh pht dh reke
[kwfc;ksa dk irk fdlh dks ugha gSA
tfM+;ksa] cwfV;ksa dks gh yhft,A fdlh oS| gdhe dks] iw.kZr;k fdl tM+h
cwVh esa fdruh chekfj;ksa ds fouk'k dh 'kfDr gS bldh tkudkjh ugha gSA
fdlh dks fdlh tM+h cwVh ds nks xq.kksa dk Kku gS rks fdlh dks pkj dk gSA dbaZ
,d ,sls oS| Hkh ns[ks gSa tks ,d nokbZ ls iPphlksa chekfj;ksa dk bykt djrs
gSaA ,d egkiq#"k dh dhfrZ lquh gSA os fdlh /kkrq dh HkLe dks [kjy esa
306 vkRe lfjrk

Mkydj j[k ys rks vuqiku cny dj gj chekj dks mlh esa ls iqfM+;k cukdj
nsrs tkrs FksA
dkSu tkurk Fkk lu~ 1940 ls igys fd ijek.kq ds vUnj 'kfDr dk
fdruk Hk.Mkj Hkjk gS \ ml derjhu tjsZ dk djkekr ds dfj'ekas dk rc
irk pyk tc vesfjdk us mls ghjksf'kek vkSj ukxklkdh ij NksM+kA
NksfM+;s mldh vuUr 'kfDr;ksa dk fopkj mudk ikj ge ugha ik ldrsA
ij muds flok dqnjr dh ;g Hkh rks ,d djkekr gS fd og fdlh dks Qkalh
ugha yxkrh fdlh dks xksyh ekjdj ugha ekjrh ij fQj Hkh dksbZ thfor jgk
gS nqfu;k esa\ og gekjh rjg fuR; u, dkuwu ugha cukrhA [kqn cuk, dkuwu
dks dHkh ugha rksM+rhA dkuwu mlus ,d nQk cuk fn;k fd xqy'ku esa f[kys
Qwy dks ,d fnu eqj>kuk gksxkA D;k gksrk gS bl dkuwu ls fdlh dk cpko \
fdlh dk fygkt ugha mlds ?kj essaA
ns[k yks dqnjr dk dkuwu ,d gS lcds fy,A
jg x;k xqy'ku esa dksbZ Qwy eqj>k;s fcukA
mldh lw> nsf[k,&mlus gj fdlh dh ekSr dks mlds cxy esa gh j[k
fn;k gS_ tSls fgju] gkfFk;ksa ds ou esa flag] phrsA cxy rks nwj gS] gj fdlh
dh ekSr dks mlds vanj Hkh j[k NksM+k gSA tSls gj ydM+h ds vanj ?kq.k dk
dhM+k mls vanj gh vanj [kk Mkyrk gSA oSls gh gj ftLe ds vanj 'kjhj ds
fojks/kh ijek.kq Hkh jgrs gSaA tc ekSr dh ?kaVh dh vkokt muds dkuksa esa
iM+rh gS os 'kjhj dks [kkus yxrs gSaA
dbZ ,d O;fDr yEch chekjh ds dkj.k vfr nqcys gksdj ejrs gSa mUgsa
jksxksa ds ijek.kq /khjs&/khjs lekIr djrs gSaA ij fdrus fcydqy gV~Vs&dV~Vs gh
ekSr dh Mksyh p<+ tkrs gSaA ,slk D;ksa \ njvly ckr ;g gS gekjs vanj tks
thouh 'kfDr gS og rks izfrQy {kh.k gksrh tkrh gSA pkgs fdlh dks dksbZ
vkRe lfjrk 307

chekjh yxs ;k u yxs ij og viuh iwjh j¶rkj dks ckdk;nk tkjh j[krh gSA
ij gesa mldk irk ugha pyrk fd og gekjs vanj Hkh xfr'khy gSA ifj.kke
Lo:i gV~Vk&dV~Vk vkneh {k.k esa gh /kjk'kk;h gks tkrk gSA tSls cSVjh ds
lsyksa dk Lo:i enZu rks ugha gksrkA ;kfu muds otukfn esa dksbZ deh ugha
vkrh ij mudh jks'kuh gesa tokc ns tkrh gSA
gekjs dejs ds vanj gtkj okV dk cYc ty jgk gS ij og vpkud
¶;wt gks tkrk gSA ogh txexkrk gekjk dejk dqN nsj ds fy, dky dksBjh
lk cu tkrk gSA blds foijhr /k`r rsykfn dk nh;k gSA mldk rsy T;ksa&T;ksa
{kh.k gksrk gS mldh jks'kuh esa deh vkrh tkrh gSA vkf[kj rsy [kRe gksrk
tkrk gS rks cÙkh dks vkx yx tkrh gSA jks'kuh HkM+drh gS vkSj nwljs {k.k gh
[ksy [kRe ;gh n'kk gekjs gV~Vs&dV~Vs vkSj vfr nqcZy 'kjhjksa dh gksrh gSA gj
fdLe ds 'kjhjksa dh thouh 'kfDr dk gzkl tkjh jgrk gSA ifj.kke Lo:i
dkuwu dqnjr dh e`R;q Mksjh gj fdlh ds xys dk gkj cu tkrh gSA
u dsoy bruk gh] izR;qr tc ls ge tUe ysrs gSa rHkh ls gekjk ijyksd
ds izfr izLFkku vkjaHk gks tkrk gSA ij og gesa ekywe ugha iM+rkA blh jgL;
dk mn~?kkVu dchj us viuh ok.kh esa fd;k gS&
tuuh tkur lqrq cM+k gksrq gS
bruk dq u tkuS ft fnu fnu vo/k ?kVrq gSAA ¼iUuk 91½
bl dkuwus dqnjr dh yEch Hkqtk,a egkjkt egar vkRek flag th ds
utnhd Hkh ig¡qp pqdh Fkha] ij os bu ls cs[kcj ugha FksA os nks lky igys gh
ls tkurs Fks fd ml ekxZ ij] ftl ekxZ ls ykSVdj dksbZ ugha vk;k] izLFkku
dh xfr rst gks jgh gSA vr% os ml ekxZ ds izLFkku dk izca/k djus yx x,
FksA ;kfu os nqfu;k ds dk;ksZa ls gkFk [khaprs tkrs FksA os ijekFkZ dh iw¡th
cVksjus dh vksj vf/kd /;ku nsrs FksA lar ukjk;.k flag th dks lkSairs tkrs
308 vkRe lfjrk

FksA bZ'oj fparu] Hktu] ikB] iq.;nku] izHkq dh larku ekuo ds izfr
lgkuqHkwfr] lsok] midkj vkfn lRdk;ksZa ds izfr mudh izhfr fnukasfnu c<+ jgh
FkhA vkxs pydj rks&
nfj;k dh gqckc ls gS ;g lnk]
rw vkSj ugha eSa vkSj ughaA
eq> dks u le> vius ls tqnk]
rww vkSj ugha eSa vkSj ughaA
nkus ls Hkyk f[kjeu us dgk]
pqi jg bltk ugha pwuks fpjkaA
okgnr dh >yd dljr esa fn[kk]
rw vkSj ugha esSa vkSj ughaAA
ds vuqlkj os vusdrk esa ,dRo ds n'kZu djus yxsA vius ;gk¡ Hkkstu o
pk;&tyiku djus okys] jax&fcjaxs] gV~Vs&dV~Vs o efj;y lk/kq larksa esa mUgsa
,d gh vkuan fuf/k Hkxoku ds fnO; n'kZu gksus yxsA lpeqp izkr%dkyhu
es?k&eaMy vkSj lk;adkyhu dkyh ?kVkvksa ls ikuh rks ,d gh fdLe dk
cjlrk gSA txr~ ds vusd fo/k inkFkksZa dks izdkf'kr djus okyh fdj.kksa dk
mn~xe&LFky] ,d lw;Znso gh rks gaSA fofHkUu :iksa esa fn[kus okys vuar jax
,d gh lw;Znso gh rks gaSA ;g n`';eku lalkj ,d vdky dk gh rks ilkjk gSA
vewY; ekyk ds leLr eksrh ,d gh /kkxs esa fijks, gksus ds dkj.k gh rks
ewY;oku gSaA ojuk fc[kj dj feV~Vh esa fey tk,axsA ,d vf}rh; czã esa
dfYir gh rks gS lkjk lalkjA lkxj dh tyjkf'k esa mNy dwn epkrh gqbZ
NksVh cM+h ygjksa esa flok ty ds gS vfLrRo fdlh fHkUu oLrq dk \ fdlh us
vPNk dgk gS&
bd ut dk gS cnyuk vkSj bltk dqN ughaA
nje;kus ekStks drjk xSjs nfj;k dqN ughaAA
vkRe lfjrk 309

,d fnu nks lk/kq vk,A ,d fueZy fojDr lar vkSj ,d jktLFkkuh ije
gal] tks tUer% czkã.k FkkA nksuksa ladh.kZ fopkjksa ds O;fDr FksA ,d gh LFkku
esa fofHkUu laiznk;ksa vkSj fHkUu&fHkUu ns'kksa ds jax fcjaxs dkys dywVs lk/kqvksa
dks pk;] tysfc;k¡ ysrs ns[k] cksy mBs&egkjkt! ;g vkius D;k fd;k gS\ ,d
gh txg esa lcdks ijksl jgs gks pk; tysch] blls rks /keZ dh gkfu gksrh gSA
Ekgkjkt cksys&/keZ dh gkfu ugha] cfYd /keZ&Hkkouk dh o`f) gksrh gS bl
I;kj ds crkZo lsA rqEgkjh vk¡[kksa ij Hksn Hkko dk p'ek yxk gqvk gS ojuk
;gk¡ czã ds vfrfjDr vU; fdlh inkFkZ dh lÙkk ugha gSA lc ,d gh ije
firk izHkq dh larku gSaA ;fn xhrk dks ekurs gks rks lquks] Hkxoku dgrs gSa&
vga loZL; txr% ekrk /kkrk firkegA
vkSj lquks&
er% ijrja ukU;r~ fd fpnfLr /kuUt;AA
fQj fueZy fojDr ls cksys&D;k vki xq: ukud nso dks ekurs gksA th gk¡ !
eSa rks D;k xq: ukud nso dks rks lHkh lukru /kekZoyEch ekurs gSaA fueZy
lar us J)k O;Dr djrs gq, dgkA egkjkt cksys&HkkbZ xq: ukud rks ;gk¡]
vU; fdlh oLrq dh lÙkk gh Lohdkj ugha djrsA og rks lc :iksa jaxksa esa
vius izHkq dks gh O;kid ns[krs gSaA mudk fl)kar gS og Lo;eso lc dqN gS]
ml ls fHkUu dksbZ oLrq ugha gSA bl ij mUgksaus czã dh lokZRerk dk
izfriknd xq: ukud dk ,d laiw.kZ 'kCn i<+ lquk;k&
fljhjkxq egyk 1 ?k# nwtk 2
vkis jlhvk vkfi jlq vkis jko.kgk#AA
vkis gksoS pksyM+k vkis lst Hkrk#AA 1AA
jafx jrk esjk lkfgcq jfo jfgvk Hkjiwfj AA 1AA jgkmAA
vkis ekNh eNqyh vkis ik.kh tkyqAA
vkis tky e.kdM+k vkis vanfj ykyqAA 2AA
310 vkRe lfjrk

vkis cgq fcf/k jaxqyk l[kh, esjk ykyqAA

fuRk joS lksgkx.kh ns[kq gekjk gkyqAA 3AA
iz.koS ukudq csurh rw ljo# rw galqAA
dmyq rw gS dohvk rw gS vkis osf[k foxlqAA 4 AA ¼iUuk 23 ½
fuR; ds fujarj vH;kl ls mudk euu cgqr c<+k p<+k FkkA mudk
vuqHko Fkk fd ije lR; ogh ,d ijczã gS] mlds vfrfjDr leLr lalkj
dfYir gSA os czã esa vkSj vius esa mlh izdkj dk Hksn ekurs Fks tSlk xaxk
vkSj xax rjax dkA
vc izLFkku dh xfr esa fnuksafnu rhozrk vk jgh FkhA 'kjhj esa Fkdku vkSj
gkFk iSj vkfn vaxksa esa f'kfFkyrk c<+rh tk jgh FkhA chekjh dksbZ ugha] rdyhQ
dksbZ ugha FkhA tSls eSa dg vk;k g¡w] thouh 'kfDr dk gkzl izfr{k.k gks jgk
FkkA vkf[kj 'kjhj v'kDr gks x;k] Kkuh cyoar flag th gfj}kj ls [kcj
ysus vk, vkSj iwNk&egkjkt! 'kjhj dk D;k gky gS\ rc vkius dgk& larks!
lk/kks bgq ruq fefFkvk tkumAA
;k Hkhrfj tks jkeq clrq gS lkpks rkfg iNkuksAA ¼iUuk 1186½
Kkuh th us dgk&egkjkt ?kcjkus dh dksbZ ckr ugha gS] vPNs gks tkvksxsA
rks vkius dgk&Kkuh th ?kcjkgV dh ckr ughaA ge vo'; Hkkoh ckr dks
dg jgs gSaA Kkuh th vki rks laLd`r i<+s ugha gks] ;g yksd laLd`r&fo|kFkhZ
dks ;kn gksrk gS&
vo';a Hkkoh Hkkokuka izfrdkjks Hkos|fnA
rnk nq%[kSuZ fyIjsu~ jkeuy ;qf/kf"Bjk%AA
vo'; gksus okyh ckr dk dksbZ bykt ugha gks ldrkA unh rhjLFk o`{k dh
dksbZ ns ldrk gS xkjaVh\ ekVh ds dPps cjru esa ikuh dc rd :dsxk\
da/kh mrS #[kM+k fdpjdq cauS /kh#AA
Qjhnk dPpS HkkaMS j[kh,s fdp# rkbZ uh#AA ¼iUuk 1382½
vkRe lfjrk 311

rc ikl cSBs ukjk;.k flag th dh vk¡[ksa McMck vkbaZA rc vkius mUgsa

ns[kdj dgk] ?kcjkrs D;ksa gks] ukjk;.k flag mBkvks eq>sA rks ukjk;.k flag th
us dfBukbZ ls mUgsa mBkdj is'kkc djk;k vkSj fpark o'k gks] MkWDVj dks cqyk
yk,A MkWDVj us vkdj lqbZ yxk nh rks dqN cy dk lapkj gqvkA 27 ebZ
1973 dks ckr fcxM+rh ns[k lar ukjk;.k flag th losjs nsgjknwu x, vkSj
flfoy ltZu dks ys vk, vkSj ;gk¡ ds MkWDVjksa dks Hkh ys vk,A MkWDVjksa dh
ikVhZ us 'kjhj dk fujh{k.k fd;kA fdlh jksx dk rks irk ugha yxk ij rkdr
dh nok,¡ fy[k nha] vkSj vk'oklu ns x, fd dksbZ fpark dh ckr ugha] nok,¡
bLrseky djrs jgsa] mBus&cSBus yx tk,axsA Bhd oSlk gh gqvk ij dc rd\
vkf[kj y[kuÅ dh ysMh MkWDVj dqV~Vh] tks f'kokuan vLirky esa vk;k
djrh gSa] dks cqyk;kA os fdlh ds ?kj tkrh ugha ij tc mls egkRek th dk
fp= fn[kk;k rks os vkbaZ] vkSj tkap ijh{kk djds nok,¡ rtoht+ dhaA mldh
nok,¡ lcls dkjxj lkfcr gqbaZA vPNs gks x,] og ,d ckj fQj vkdj ns[k
dj xbZ dqN vkSj nok,¡ cryk xbZ] mldh nokvksa ls dbZ ekl vPNs jgsA ij
tc fn, ls rsy gh [kRe gks tk, rks [kkyh cÙkh dc rd jks'kuh nsxh\
uksV&bl nkSjku vkius Hks"k esa iM+h QwV dks feVkus ds fy, iafMr gfjd`".k
flag vkSj egar vkRek flag th 'kga'kkg dks cqykdj dgk fd erHksn feVkus ds
fy, nksuksa nyksa dks bdV~Bk cqykvksA dqy [kpZ eSa cjnk'r d:¡xkA iafMr th
eat+wj rks dj x, ij mUgsa fQj vkus dh Qqjlr ugha feyhA ;g ckr chp esa
gh jg xbZA
xq# vtqZu nso th us dgk gS&
jkx fcykoy egyk 5 ?k# 5 pmins 1 vksadkj lfrxqj izlkfnAA
fezr eaMy txq lkftvk fTkm ckyw ?kj ckjAA
fculr ckj u ykxbZ ftm dkxn cwankjAA 1AA
312 vkRe lfjrk

lqfu esjh eulk euS ekfg lfr ns[kqq chpkfjAA

fl/k lkf/kd fxjgh tksxh rft x, ?kj ckjAA 1AA jgkmAA
tSlk lqiuk jSfu dk rSlk lalkjAA
fnzLkfVeku lHkq fculh,s fdvk yxfg xokjAA 2AA
dgk lq HkkbZ ehr gS ns[kq uSu ilkfjAA
bd pkys bfd pkylfg lfHk viuh okjAA 3AA
ftu iwjk lfrxq# lsfovk ls vlfFk# gfj nqvkfjAA
tuq ukudq gfj dk nklq gS jk[kq iSt eqjkfjAA 4AA ¼iUuk 808½
;g lkjk lalkj {k.k Hkaxqj gSA f=yksdh ds ;kor~ inkFkksZa esa fpjLFkkbZ dksbZ
ugha gSA e`x&ejhfpdk ds leku ns[kus esa vkrs vo'; gSa ij mudk vfLrRo
dgha ugha gSA tSls eukse; inkFkksZa dh jpuk {k.k Hkaxqj gksrh gSA rqjar nwljs]
eukse; inkFkZ dh jpuk gekjs eu esa curh gS rks igys okyh eu }kjk
dfYir oLrq xk;c gksrh gSA rqjar nwljs] eukse; inkFkZ dh jpuk nfj;k dh
ygjsa curh gSa ij nwljs {k.k esa gh viuk vfLrRo [kks nsrh gaSA e`R;q yksd esa
rks tks oLrq,a ns[kus esa vkrh gSa] ;s rks ges'kk ekSr ds eq¡g esa gh gksrh gSaA buds
lkFk eksg djus okyk ew[kks± dk ljnkj gh le>uk pkfg,A e`R;q yksd dh
oLrqvkas dh jpuk rks cPpksa }kjk cuk, ckyw ds ?kjksa tSlh gksrh gSaA os cukrs
cukrs gh fxj tkrs gSaA dkxt ds Åij pkj cw¡nsa ikuh dh iM+ tk,a rks og
rqjar xy tkrk gSA fdrus cM+s&cM+s jktk egkjktk ;gk¡ ls jksrs gq, pys x,A
egk efgek'kkyh egkRek] flf);ksa vkSj djkekrksa ds Lokeh egk;ksxh Hkh ;gk¡
fVd ugha ik,A ek;koh inkFkksZa esa eSa&esjh dk 'kksj epkus okys 'kga'kkg] dqy
dwp dj x,A t+jk ut+j mBkdj ns[kks rks lgh rqEgkjs lkFkh rqEgkjh vk¡[kksa ds
lkeus tUes gq, jktdqekj] vkx dh Tokykvksa esa tydj jk[k dk <sj cu
x,A og Hkh gok ds gokys gksdj dgk¡ mM+ x, dgha irk ugha pyrkA
vkRe lfjrk 313

gekjh vk¡[kksa ds lkeus e`R;q dh yhyk,¡ gksrh jgrh gSaA Hkwpky vkrk gS rks
cus cuk, lqanj uxj vkSj muesa cuh igkM+kas dh pksfV;ksa ds leku Å¡ph
vVkfj;k¡ HkwxHkZ esa xdZ gks tkrh gSaA ;gk¡ jgus okyh pht+ dksbZ ugha gSA ;gk¡
izfriy fodjky dky dk vV~Vgkl tkjh jgrk gSA dky Hkxoku dh yach
Hkqtk,a izHkq&I;kjksa dks mBkdj viuh xksn esa ysus ds fy, QSyh jgrh gSaA vkt
os izHkq ds pj.kksa ds izseh nhu&ghu&fgrdkjh] egku~ midkjh egkiq#"k egar
vkRek flag th dks mBkdj] HkDr&Hkkou Hkxoku ds ikn in~ekssa esa ig¡qpkus ds
fy, lfØ; gks mBkA ek;ke; feF;k txr tatky ls fudky dj lR;
lukru] ije lR; izHkq ds lrr~ lq[ke; Lo:i esa lefiZr djus dk le;
vc vk x;k gSA ;g fopkj dj dky Hkxoku us ifo=kRek ds lkFk izsekfyaxu
djus ds fy, HkO; Hkqtk,a QSyk nhaA 9 vxLr lu~ 1973 dks egkRek th dh
rch;r [kjkc gqbZA mUgksaus lar ukjk;.k flag th dks ikuh fiykus dks dgkA
lar th us ikuh dk fxykl fn;kA blds ckn nok dh ,d [kqjkd nsdj mUgsa
rfd;k nsdj fyVk fn;kA 'kke ds pkj cts Fks] os lnSo dh uhan lksus ds fy,
Lo;a cuok,] lhesaV ds pcwrjs ij vkdj ysV x, rks lar djrkj flag th us
lar ukjk;.k flag th dks lu~ 1967 dh ckr ;kn djkbZA ge blh r[r ij
izHkq ds pj.kksa esa vafre 'okl viZ.k djsaxsA lks vkt os vius opu dks iwjk
vo'; djsaxsA cl thou&ukVd dk ;g vafre n`'; FkkA
ukM+h dh xfr /kheh gksrh tk jgh FkhA lar ukjk;.k flag th MkWDVj dks
cqykus pys x,A vkl ikl lk/kq lar] iszehtu] vkdj cSB x,A lHkh ds psgjs
mnkl FksA vo';aHkkoh ckr ds fopkj ls lHkh ds eu f[kUu FksA lHkh dh
vk¡[kksa esa vk¡lw Hkjs FksA
MkWDVj vk x;kA lhfjat Hkjh ij lqbZ yxkrs le; muds gkFk dk¡ius yxs]
;g ns[kdj lar ukjk;.k flag th dh vk¡[ksa Hkh Mc Mckus yxhaA lqbZ yxus ij
314 vkRe lfjrk

egkjkt us vk¡[ksa [kksyha vkSj lar ukjk;.k flag th ls dgk&ukjk;.k flag!

vc ge vius izHkq ls feyus tk jgs gSaA bl feyki esa ck/kk Mkyus okyk vc
dksbZ ugha gSA ;g v;';aHkkoh gSA lar yksx cl blh le; dh rS;kjh esa yxs
jgrs gSaA ;g ?kM+h mudh ijh{kk dh gksrh gS vkSj ge blesa ikl gks x, gSaA
?kcjkuk er] jksuk er] xq#ok.kh dk ikB] izHkq&Lej.k djrs jgukA 'kqHk dk;ksZa
ls dHkh eq[k u eksM+ukA fojDr th dks gekjk gh Lo:i le>ukA tu&lsok
dh iquhr /kkjk dks lw[kus ugha nsukA
vfUre 'okl ysrs gq, vkse lfruke~ dgk vkSj vk¡[ksa can dj yhaA
MkWDVj us dgk mQ ! vc dksbZ pkjk ughaA
vc fdlh dh vk¡[ksa jks jgh FkhaA fdlh dk fny jks jgk FkkA le; ikSus
ik¡p dk gks x;k FkkA blds ianzg feuV ds ckn ,d iw.kZ 'okl vk;k vkSj
blds lkFk gh egkjkt dk flj rfd;k ls uhps dh vksj yVd x;kA ekSr ds
dkys insZ us] bl d:.kk&iw.kZ n`'; dks ges'kk ds fy, fNik fy;kA
10-8-73 fnu ds nks cts gSaA du[ky gfj}kj ls Jh egar iafMr Jh
lqPpk flag th ds vykok nksuksa 'kgjksa ds egar 'kga'kkg egar yky flag th
egar f=yksd flag th] lar j?kqohj flag th 'kkL=h vkfn lHkh izfrf"Br egar
fueZy vkJe esa i/kkj pqds FksA ije lar fojDr fuDdk flag th dks Hkh dkj
Hkstdj cqyk fy;k Fkk] og le; ij ig¡qp x, FksA LFkkuh; leLr lar lekt
ds vykok rRdkyhu fo|qr ea=h Jh;qr 'kkafriziUu th 'kekZ vkSj Hkjr eafnj
ds egar lkfgc th ig¡qp x,A rc Bhd nks cts lar ukjk;.k flag th] lar
/keZ flag th] lar n'kZu flag] lar eaxy flag] lar eueksgu flag th vkfn
larksa vkSj izseh HkDr lsB yEHkkjke th] ljnkj xq#c['k flag] ekLVj xq#nso
flag vkfn lHkh lTtuksa us vFkhZ dks vnc ds lkFk da/kksa ij mBk;kA ml
le; cM+k gh d#.k n`'; FkkA ân; fonkjd n`'; us eq>s fdlh eLr Qdhj
vkRe lfjrk 315

dk 'ksvj ;kn djk fn;kA

bd vkSj xqLrk[kh djsaxs] vius ej tkus ds cknA
;kj lc iSny pysaxs ge dU/kksa ij lokjA
lc ls vkxs nsgjknwu ls vk;k gqvk cSaM FkkA vFkhZ ds fcYkdqy vkxs egar
jRu flag th vkSj lar izrki flag th jk.kk j.k fla?ks ctk jgs FksA ckgj ihiy
ds ikl tkdj QksVks fy;k x;kA ;g tqywl Hkjr eafnj esa tk dj #dk] ogk¡
Hkh QksVksA lar egsUnz flag th Hkxoku Hkou okys J)k iwoZd da/kk fn, py
jgs gSaA tqywl ds cgqr ls QksVks fy, x,A
xaxk dh xksn esa
dqy cktkjksa ls gksrk gqvk ;g ekreh tqywl lk;a N% cts ig¡qpk xaxk ds
ifo= rV ij] tgk¡ ukSdk ij p<+kdj egkjkt dh nsg dks lfof/k xaxk th dh
xksn esa ty&lekf/k ns nh xbZA turk dh vikj HkhM+ esa ls fudy dj lar&
egar cM+h eqf'dy ls fueZy vkJe essa ig¡qp ik,A
vkJe rd igq¡pus esa bUgsa dkQh va/ksjk gks x;k FkkA bl izdkj d#.kke;
bl n`'; ds ihM+kizn vafre fp= dks fu'kk nsoh us va/ksjs ds d`".kiV esa lnk ds
fy, yisV fy;kA
rkjh[k ¼fnukad½ 25-8-73 dks jLe nLrkjcanh
lar ukjk;.k flag th us fueZy lekt esa ;=&r= izkFkZuk fuea=.k Hkst
fn, FksA vr% ve`rlj] dk'kh] du[ky vkfn ls cgqr ls izfrf"Br egkRek
pkSchl vxLr rd fueZy vkJe _f"kds'k esa ig¡qp x,A _f"kds'k ds Hkh lc
lEekfur lar&egar lfEefyr gq,A
25-8-73 dks v[kaM ikB dh lekfIr ds ckn jLe nLrkjcanh dk vkjaHk
gqvkA lcls igys fueZy iapk;rh v[kkM+s dh vksj ls Jh egar iafMr lqPpk
flag th ds dj&deykas ls egar ukjk;.k flag th dks ixM+h cka/kh xbZA
316 vkRe lfjrk

rnuarj loZHkkjr izkphu fueZy egkeaMy dh vksj ls xzaFkdrkZ iz/kku dh

gSfl;r ls] egar vkRek flag th iz/kku mÙkj izns'k lk/kq&eaMy] egar euthr
flag th Bkdqj laiznk; ds eq[kh egar] egar fc'ku flag th fdjhV vkfn dh
vksj ls nLrkjsa cka/kh xb±A rnUkarj loZ fueZy laiznk; ds lar egarksa dh vksj
ls vkbZ ixfM+;k¡ yh xbaZA blds vuarj _f"kds'k ds izeq[k Hkjr eafnj dh
vksj ls Jh 'kkafr iziUu 'kekZ] iq"dj eafnj ds egar lkfgc vkfn izfrf"Br
egarksa] larksa dh vksj ls ixfM+;k¡ nh xbaZA
uksV&egarksa larksa ds vykok dqN izfrf"Br ln~x`gLFkksa dh vksj ls Hkh
ixfM+;k¡ vkfn nh xb± o ek;k vjnkl djk dj egar ukjk;.k flag th ds izfr
isze o J)k HkfDr O;Dr dh xbaZA lsB d`".kyky cEcbZ us 5000 #i;s dh
?kM+h 1000 #i;ss uxn HksaV] 200 #i;s ds uksV U;ksNkoj fd,A
ljnkj jke flag th us 101 #i;k o ixM+h nhA vki egar lkfgc ds
y?kq Hkzkrk gSa vkSj bl xn~nh ds vfr izseh HkDr gSaA vkxs ihNs Hkh ;Fkk 'kfDr
lsok iwtk djrs jgrs gSaA vHkh tks fo'kky gky cu jgk gS ;g bUgha ds ifjJe
o lw>cw> dh djkekr dk gh 'kqHk ifj.kke gSA
jLe nLrkj canh dk ;g lkjk dk;ZØe cM+h 'kku ls lEiUu gqvkA
Jheku egar ukjk;.k flag th us ckgj ls i/kkjs loZ egarksa] larksa dk
;Fkk;ksX; iwtk vkfn ls lRdkj fd;kA uezrkiw.kZ isze ds crkZo ls lc lekxr
larksa] egarksa dk ân; thr fy;k vkSj mUgsa lRdkj lfgr fonk;h nhA
izxfr ds iFk ij
igyh o"khZ ds ckn egar ukjk;.k flag th ds }kjk fd, x, lr~ dk;ksZa dk
fooj.k&
Jheku~ egar ukjk;.k flag th ,d mUufr'khy O;fDr gSa] vr% tc ls
vkius xq#xn~nh dk dk;Z laHkkyk gS rHkh ls izxfr ds iFk ij vxzlj gks jgs gSAa
vkRe lfjrk 317

,d o"kZ rks mudk 'kksdeXukoLFkk esa gh xqt+j x;kA xq# pj.kksa ds fo;ksx
ls larIr ân; ds dkj.k fdlh dk;Z dks lksp lduk Hkh muds fy, laHko ugha
FkkA igyh o"khZ eukus ds ckn gh og vius vki dks laHkky ik, D;ksafd og
xq#pj.kksa ds vuqlj.k esa gh vf/kd fo'okl j[krs gSa] vr% vki muds
fn[kk, ekxZ ij pyus dk gh iz;kl dj jgs gSaA lks vkius czãyhu xq# dh
vkKk ds vuqlkj] muds }kjk [kjhns x, [kkyh iM+s IykV esa ,d fo'kky gky
cukus dk n`<+ ladYi fd;kA vius lg;ksfx;ksa ls fopkj foe'kZ djds vkius
rkjh[k 25-4-75 dks fojDr f'kjksef.k Jheku 108 iwT; iafMr fuDdk flag
th egkjkt ds dj deyksa ls ,d fo'kky gky dh vk/kkj f'kyk j[kokdj
Hkou fuekZ.k dk 'kqHkkjaHk dj fn;kA
bl fo'kky gky dh yEckbZ 14 QqV] pkSM+kbZ 26 QqV vkSj Å¡pkbZ
18 QqV gSA bl gky dks rS;kj djds blesa pkSng ux Nr ds cM+s ia[ks Hkh
fQV djok fn, gSaA fQfVax fctyh dh igys gh djok nh xbZ FkhA pkj QqV dh
pkSM+kbZ dk NTtk Hkh cuok fn;k gSA bl gky esa lQsn fpIl yxok dj Q'kZ
dks nwf/k;k jax dk cuk fn;k x;k gSA gky dk cjkaMk 10 QqV dk gSA
lkjs ?ksjs esa Mcy LVksjh fcfYMax cuok nh xbZ gS] ftlesa 20 :e ¼NksVs
dejs½ vkSj N% cM+s dejs cuok fn, x, gSaA gky ;qDr ;g lc dqN turk
tuknZu dh lsok ds fy, lqjf{kr gSA cM+s gky esa lc yksxksa ds /kkfeZd d`R; gks
ldrs gSa] vkSj gksrs gSa] tSls fdlh lkslkbVh dk /kkfeZd lekxe tSlk vkf[ky
Hkkjrh; dk;LFk egklHkk dh lkykuk ehafVx lu~ 1975 esa gqbZ FkhA fookgkfn
dk;Z Hkh gq, vkSj gks ldrs gSaA Bhd gh dgk gS fdlh egku dfo us&
ijksidkjk; lrka foHkwr;a%A
blds vykok ckgj okys cxhps esa Hkh cgqr lk lq/kkj gks x;k gSA nks gklZ
ikoj dk V~;wcoSy vkSj ,d lqanj dejk rks LoxhZ; egar lkfgc th cuok x,
318 vkRe lfjrk

FksA vc egar ukjk;.k flag th us Hkh cgqr dqN fd;k gSA

pw¡fd rhu dejksa dh txg ij dsoy Vhu dh Nr Fkh] blfy, o"kkZ dky
esa larksa dks d"V gksrk Fkk] vr% mls fxjokdj uohu <ax ds rhu dejs larksa
ds fuokl ds fy, cuok dj mUgsa lhesaVsM djk fn;k gSA cxhps esa iDdh
lM+dsa cuokdj mUgsa Hkh lhesaVsM djk fn;k gSA ogk¡ vc pkj lk/kq vkjke ls
jgrs gSaA
¼uksV&uhps ds pkj dejs ftuesa fdjk;snkj jgrs Fks os Hkh [kkyh gks x, gSaA
mudks feyk ds dqy 30 dejs gaS tks turk dh lsok ds fy, lqjf{kr jgsaxsA½
bl okfVdk ds bapktZ gSa ckck jk?kokuan th] ftuds dq'ky usr`Ro esa lHkh
lk/kq lEeku dk thou O;rhr djrs gq,] okfVdk dh lsok laHkky Bhd izdkj
ls dj jgs gSaA fofo/k izdkj dh lfCt;k¡ vkSj uhacw] vke vkfn Qy iSnk djrs
gSa vkSj blds fy, [kkn rS;kj djus ds fufeÙk mUgksaus rhu pkj xM~<s cuk
j[ks gSaA mu esa os o`{kksa ds fxjs gq, iÙks] Qy ns pqdh lfCtvksa ds MaBy] fujkbZ
xqMkbZ vkfn djus ls fudyk gqvk ?kkl vkSj dwM+k djdV Mkyrs jgrs gSa tks
o"kkZ ds ikuh ls lM+dj [kkn cu tkrk gSA mls os lfCt;ksa dh D;kfj;ksa esa
Mkydj lc phtksa dk lnqi;ksx djrs gSaA fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd lCth dh
D;kfjvksa esa vkidks ,d Hkh frudk ?kkl dk utj ugha vk,xk vkSj lM+dksa
ij dksbZ iÙkk ;k dwM+k djdV ugha feysxkA ,slh lQkbZ dgha Hkh ns[kus dks ugha
feyrhA ;g lc egar lkfgc ds ln~O;ogkj vkSj ln~crkZo dk gh lq[kn
ifj.kke gSA D;k lqanj opu gS xq#nso th dk&
mlrfr eu efg dfj fuajdkjAA
dfj eu esjs lfr fcmgkjAA ¼iUuk 281½
tSlk fd eSa Åij dg pqdk gw¡] fd vkidk xq#&pj.k fpguksa ij pyus esa
gh vf/kd fo'okl gS] lks czãyhu egkiqj"kksa us lewgtu lsok dh tks ikou
vkRe lfjrk 319

/kkjk cgkbZ Fkh mls vkius mlh :i esa tkjh j[kk gqvk gS vkSj vk'kk gS fd og
mlh izdkj tkjh jgsxk tSls xaxk th dh /kkjk fujarj py jgh gSA
losjs vkB cts ls pk;] feBkbZ o dHkh&dHkh ?kaqxuh izlkn dk Ns= 'kq: gks
tkrk gS ftlesa yxHkx rhu lkS lar laU;klh] ekbZ;ka vkSj cPps lHkh fcuk
fdlh Hksn Hkko ds lEeku iwoZd pk;] feBkbZ ik tkrs gSaA
buds vykok vkJe esa 15-20 lk/kq LFkkbZ :i ls jgrs gSa ftudh jksVh]
pk;] nw/k vkSj oL= vkfn dh lsok vkJe dh vksj ls gksrh gSA
egar ukjk;.k flag th dh lsok lgkuqHkwfr vkSj lcds lkFk laHkko
vuqdj.kh; gSA
blds vfrfjDr pkj N% lk/kq gfj}kj o iatkc vkfn ls Hkh vkrs tkrs
jgrs gSaA ;g egkRek lHkh ds lkFk jgrs gSa vkSj vknj iw.kZ crkZo gh djrs gSaA
fdlh dks vizlUu ugha tkus nsrsA /kU; gS /kS;ZA
'kghn Hkxr flag th ds y?kq Hkzkrk
Lk0 dqyrkj flag rRdkyhu [kk| ea=h dk 'kqHkkxeu
lu~ 1976 esa 'kghns vkt+e Louke /kU; LoxhZ; ljnkj Hkxr flag ds
NksVs HkkbZ mÙkj izns'k ds HkwriwoZ [kk| ea=h ljnkj dqyrkj flag th fueZy
vkJe esa i/kkjs FksA _f"kds'k rFkk vkl&ikl ds jktuhfrKksa izfrf"Br
ukxfjdksa ,oa fueZy vkJe dh vksj ls cM+s gky esa vkidk HkO; Lokxr fd;k
x;k ,oa vkids lEeku esa vkJe dh vksj ls jkf= Hkkst dk izca/k fd;k x;kA
vkius izlUu eu ls egar th ,oa leLr vkJe okfl;ksa dks vlhe lkStU;
izn'kZu ds fy, lg"kZ /kU;okn fn;kA
egku flD[k usrk ljnkjs vkt+e
lar gjpan flag ykSaxksoky th dk 'kqHkkxeu
o"kZ 1977 ds ije iwT; egar vkRek flag th ds okf"kZd lekjksg ds
320 vkRe lfjrk

volj ij o iwT; egar cq<~Mk flag th ds okf"kZd lekjksg esa leLr flD[k
lekt ds usrk ljnkjs vkt+e] ohjny ds v/;{k] loZ Jh lar gfjpUn flag
th us fueZy vkJe _f"kds'k esa i/kkjus dh egrh d`ik dh FkhA vkJe dh
lqO;oLFkk ns[kdj cgqr izlUu gq,A larksa ,oa xjhcksa vH;kxrksa dks ns[kdj
vkidk n;kyq fny mNy iM+kA mu nhu nqf[k;ksa dks ns[kdj vkius vkJe ds
egar lkfgc ls vius gkFkksa pk; feBkbZ ck¡Vus dh izkFkZuk dh vkSj egar th
dh vuqefr ikdj vius gkFkksa ls lsok djus yxsA blh iksth'ku esa vkidk
fp= Hkh fy;k x;k ftlesa vki izlUu eqnzk eas izlkn forfjr djrs n'kZu ns
jgs gSaA
blds vfrfjDr vkius ,d vkSj izlkn forfjr fd;k&og Fkk Jksrkvksa ds
ân;ksa esa vkuan dk lapkj tc vki xq#ok.kh dk ve`ro"khZ dhrZu dk 'kqHkkjaHk
djrs gSa rks Jksrkx.k ea=&eqX/k gksdj lqurs gSaA vkidk vkuano"khZ dhrZu
vkJe ds izfr viuh gkfnZd ln~Hkkouk izdV djrs gq, vkius iw.kZ lg;ksx
,oa lgk;rk dk vk'oklu fn;kA
mÙkj izns'k ds ou ea=h Jh pUnz th dk vkxeu
1977 esa gh mÙkj izns'k ds orZeku ou ea=h Jh pUnz th Hkh fueZy
vkJe esa i/kkjs rks vkJe okfl;ksa vkSj _f"kds'k ds x.; ekU; lTtu iq#"kksa
us vkidk ;Fkksfpr vknj lRdkj fd;kA ekuuh; ea=h th Hkh fo'kky gky dks
ns[kdj cgqr izlau gq, vkSj egar th dh mnkjrk vkSj lân;rk dh eqDr
daB ls iz'kalk dhA
Jh ekrk gjuke dkSj] firk ukgj flag ukeA
/kU; /kukfn ls Hkjk jÙkksoky xzkeAA
fHkaMj uke xzke esa eUegku xq#&/kkeA
laekxZ voyac dj] ogha feyk foJkeAA
q