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JUNIOR MATHS IA
CHAPTER WISE IMPARTANT QUESTIONS for IPE
By MNRAO, Maths Sr.Faculty

FUNCTIONS
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Which of the following are injections or surjections or bijections ? Justify

your answers
i) : f R R → defined by ( )
2 1
3
x
f x
+
=
ii) ( ) : 0, f R → ∞ defined by ( ) 2
x
f x =
iii) ( ) : 0, f R ∞ → defined by ( ) log
e
f x x =
iv)
[ ) [ ) : 0, 0, f ∞ → ∞ defined by ( )
2
f x x =
2. Is ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
1,1 , 2, 3 , 3, 5 , 4, 7 g = is a function from { } 1, 2, 3, 4 A = to {
} 1, 3, 5, 7 B = ? If this is
given by the formula ( ) g x ax b = + , then find a and b.
3. If the function : f R R → defined by ( )
3 3
2
x x
f x
−
+
= , then show that
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 f x y f x y f x f y + + − =
4. If ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2, , 2 f x g x x h x x = = = for all x R ∈ , then find ( (
)( ) ( )
fo goh x
5. Find the inverse of the following functions
i. If , , : a b R f R R ∈ → defined by ( ) ( ) 0 f x ax
b a = + ≠
ii. ( ) : 0, f R → ∞ defined by ( ) 5
x
f x =
iii. ( ) : 0, f R ∞ → defined by ( )
2
log f x x =
6. Define surjection
7. Find the domains of the following real valued functions.
i. ( )
( )( )
2
1
1 3
f x
x x
=
− +

ii. ( )
( )
1
log 2
f x
x
=
−

iii. ( )
2
1
1
f x
x
=
−

iv. ( )
2
25 f x x = −
8. Find the ranges of the following real valued functions
i.
2
4
2
x
x
−
−

9. If ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
1, 2 , 2, 3 , 3, 1 f = − − then find
i. 2 f ii. 2 f + iii.
2
f iv. f
10. Find the domains of the following real valued functions
i. ( )
2 2 x x
f x
x
+ + −
=
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SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. If the function f is defined by ( )

2, 1
2, 1 1, then find the values of
1, 3 1
x x
f x x
x x
+ > ¦
¦
= − ≤ ≤
´
¦
− − < < −
¹

(i) ( ) 3 f , (ii) (0) f , (iii) ( ) 1, 5 f − , (iv) ( ) ( ) 2 2

f f + − , (v) ( ) 5 f −
2. If { } : 1 f R R − ± → is defined by ( )
1
log
1
x
f x
x
+
=
−
, then show that ( )
2
2
2
1
x
f f x
x
| |
=
|
+
\ ¹

3. If : , : f R R g R R → → defined by ( ) ( )
2
3 2, 1 f x x g x x = − = + then find
(i)
( )( )
1
2 gof
−
, (ii) ( )( ) 1 gof x −
4. Let ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
1, , 2, , 4, , 3, f a c d b = and ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
1
2, , 4, , 1, , 3, g a b c d
−
= , then show that
( )
1
1 1
gof f og
−
− −
=
5. If ( ) ( )
1
1
1
x
f x x
x
+
= ≠ ±
−
then find ( )( ) fofof x and ( )( ) fofofof x
6. Let : , : : f A B g B C and h C D → → → . Then ( )
( ) ho gof hog of = , that is, composition of
functions is associative.
7. If : , : f R R g R R → → are defined by ( ) ( )
2
4 1 2 f x x and g x x = − = + then find
(i) ( )( ) gof x (ii) ( )
1
4
a
gof
+ | |
|
\ ¹

(iii) ( ) fof x (iv) ( ) ( ) 0 go fof

8. If : f Q Q → is defined by ( ) 5 4 f x x = + for all x Q ∈ ,
show that f is a bijection and find
1
f
−

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Let : , : f A B g B C → → be bijections. Then : gof A C →

is a bijection.
2. Let : ,
A B
f A B I and I → be identity functions on A and B respectively. Then
A B
foI f I of = =
3. Let : , : f A B g B C → → be bijections. Then ( )
1
1 1
gof f og
−
− −
= .
4. Let : f A B → be a bijection. Then
1 1
B A
fof I and f of I
− −
= = .
5. Let : f A B → be a function. Then f is a bijection if and only if
there exists a function
: g B A → such that
B A
fog I and gof I = = and in this case,
1
g f
−
=

2. MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

Using mathematical induction, prove the following for all n N ∈

1. 2.3 3.4 4.5 ... + + + upto n terms
( )
2
6 11
3
n n n + +
=
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2.
( )( )
1 1 1 1
...
1.3 3.5 5.7 2 1 2 1 2 1
n
n n n
+ + + + =
− + +

3. 4 3 1
n
n − − is divisible by 9
4. 1.2.3 2.3.4 3.4.5 ... + + + upto n terms
( )( )( ) 1 2 3
4
n n n n + + +
=
5.
3 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 2 1 2 3
....
1 1 3 1 3 5
+ + +
+ +
+ + +
upto n terms
2
2 9 13
24
n
n n ( = + +
¸ ¸

6.
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 1 2 3 ... + + + + + + upto n terms
( ) ( )
2
1 2
12
n n n + +
=
7. Show that 49 16 1
n
n + − is divisible by 64 for all positive integers n .
8. Show that
1 1 1
, ...
1.4 4.7 7.10
n N ∀ ∈ + + + upto n terms
3 1
n
n
=
+
.

3. ADDITION AND SCALAR MULTIPLICATION OF VECTORS

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Let 2 3 a i j k = + + and 3 b i j = + . Find the unit

vector in the direction of a b + .
2. If , 3 2 , 2 2 OA i j k AB i j k BC i j k = + + =
− + = + − and 2 3 CD i j k = + + , then find the vector
OD.
3. 2 5 a i j k = + + and 4 b i mj nk = + + are collinear
vectors, then find m and n .
4. Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point 2 3 i
j k + + and parallel to the
vector 4 2 3 i j k − + .
5. Find the vector equation of the line joining the points 2 3 i j k + +
and 4 3 i j k − + − .
6. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through the points
2 5 , 5 , i j k j k − + − − and 3 5 i j − +

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. If , , a b c are linearly independent vectors, then show that

i. 2 3 , 2 3 4 , 2 a b c a b c b c − + − + − − + are
linearly dependent
ii. 3 2 , 2 4 , 3 2 a b c a b c a b c − + − − + − are
linearly independent.
2. If , , a b c are non-coplanar vectors, then test for the
collinearity of the following points whose
position vectors are given
i. 3 4 3 , 4 5 6 , 4 7 6 a b c a b c a b c − + − + − −
+
3. If , , a b c are noncoplanar find the point of intersection of the
line passing through the points
2 3 , 3 4 2 a b c a b c + − + − with the line joining the points
2 3 , 6 6 a b c a b c − + − +
4. Find the vector equation of the plane which passes through the points 2 4 2 i
j k + + , 2 3 5 i j k + +
and parallel to the vector 3 2 . i j k − + Also find the point where this
plane meets the line joining
the points 2 3 i j k + + and 4 2 3 i j k − +
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5. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through points 4 3 , 3
7 10 i j k i j k − − + − and
2 5 7 i j k + − and show that the point 2 3 i j k + − lies in the
plane
6. If the points whose position vectors are 3 2 , 2 3 4 , 2 i j k i j k
i j k − − + − − + + and 4 5 i j k λ + +
are coplanar, then show that
146
7
λ
−
=
7. Let A B C D E F be a regular hexagon with centre ‘O’. Show that
AB + AC + AD + AE + AF=3 AD=6 AO
8. In the two dimensional plane, prove by using vector methods, the
equation of the line whose
intercepts on the axes are ‘a’ and ‘b’ is 1
x y
a b
+ = .
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. If i,j,k are unit vectors along the positive directions of the coordinate axes,
then show that the four
points 4 5 , , 3 9 4 i j k j k i j k + + − − + + and 4 4
4 i j k − + + are coplanar.
2. In ABC ∆ , if ‘O’ is the circumcentre and H is the orthocentre, then show that
(i) OA OB OC OH + + = (ii) 2 HA HB HC HO + + =

4. MULTIPLICATION OF VECTORS

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Find the angle between the vectors 2 3 i j k + + and 3 2 i j k −

+
2. Find the angle between the planes
( )
2 2 3 r i j k − + = and
( )
3 6 4 r i j k + + =
3. Find the radius of the sphere whose equation is
( )
2
2 4 2 2 r r i j k = − +
4. If
( )( )
2 4 2 2 2 0 r i j k r i j k − + − + − + = is the
equation of the sphere, then find its centre.
5. Let a i j k = + + and 2 3 b i j k = + + . Find
i. The projection vector of b and a and its magnitude
ii. The vector components of b in the direction of a and perpendicular to a .
6. If 0, 3, 5 7 a b c a b and c + + = = = = , then find the
angle between a and b
7. If 2, 3 4 a b and c = = = each of , , a b c is
perpendicular to the sum of the other two vectors,
then find the magnitude of a b c + +
8. If ( ) 2, 3 ,
6
p q and p q
π
= = = , then find
2
p q ×
9. If
2
4
3
p
i j pk + + is parallel to the vector 2 3 i j k + + , find p .
10. Compute
( ) ( )
2 3 4 2 j i k i j k × − + + × .
11. Find unit vector perpendicular to both 2 3 i j k and i j k + +
+ +
12. Find the area of the parallelogram having 2 a j k and b i k = −
= − + and adjacent sides
13. Find the area of the parallelogram whose diagonals are 3 2 3 4 i j k
and i j k + − − +
14. Find the area of the triangle having 3 4 5 7 i j and i j + − + as
two of its sides.
15. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are ( ) ( ) ( ) 1, 2,
3 , 2, 3,1 3,1, 2 A B and C .
16. Compute i j j k k i ( − − −
¸ ¸

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17. Find the volume of the parallelopiped having coterminus edges , 2 i j k
i j and i j k + + − + − .
18. Find t for which the vectors 2 3 , 2 3 i j k i j k and j tk
− + + − − are coplanar
19. Determine λ , for which the volume of the parallelopiped having
conterminus edges
, 3 3 i j i j and j k λ + − + is 16 cubic units.
20. Find the volume of the tetrahedron having the edges , 2 i j k i j
and i j k + + − + + .
21. If a,b,c are mutually perpendicular unit vectors, then find the value of
[ ]
2
a b c
22. If 2 3 a i j k = + − and 3 2 b i j k = − + , then show
that a b + and a b − are perpendicular to each
other
23. Let a and b be non-zero, non collinear vectors. If a b a b + =
− , then find the angle between
a and b
24. Find the angle between the planes 2 3 6 5 6 2 9 4 x y z and x y z
− − = + − =
25. If , , P Q R and S are points whose position vectors are
, 2 , 2 3 3 2 i k i j i k and i j k − − + − − −
respectively, then find the component of RS on PQ.
26. Find the equation of the sphere with the line segment joining the
points
( ) ( ) 1, 3, 1 2, 4,1 A and B − − as diameter.
27. If 2 3 3 5 a i j k and b i j k = + + = + − are two
sides of a triangle, then find its area.
28. Let 2 a i j k = − + and 3 4 b i j k = + − . If θ is
the angle between a and b , then find sin θ .
29. For any four vectors , , a b c and d , prove that
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
0 b c a d c a b d a d c d × × + × × + × × =

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. If 0 a b c + + = , then prove that a b b c c a × = ×

= × .
2. If 2 , 2 4 a i j k b i j k and c i j k = + − = −
+ − = + + , then find
( ) ( )
. a b b c × ×
3. Find the vector area and the area of the parallelogram having 2 2 2 a i j
k and b i j k = + − = − +
as adjacent sides
4. If 13, 5 . 60 a b and a b = = = then find a b ×
5. Find unit vector perpendicular to the plane passing through the
points
( ) ( ) ( ) 1, 2, 3 , 2, 1,1 1, 2, 4 and − − .
6. If 2 3 3 , a i j k b i j k and c i j k = + + =
+ − = − + , then compute
( )
a b c × × and verify that it is
perpendicular to a.
7. If 7 2 3 , 2 8 a i j k b i k and c i j k = − + =
+ = + + , then compute
( )
, a b a c and a b c × × × + . Verify whether the cross product
is distributive over vector addition.
8. 3 2 , 3 2 , 4 5 2 3 5 a i j k b i j k c i j k and d
i j k = − + = − + + = + − = + + ,
then compute the following.
i.
( ) ( )
a b c d × × × and ii.
( ) ( )
. a b c a d b × − ×
9. , , a b c are non-zero vectors and a is perpendicular to both b
and c. If
( )
2
2, 3, 4 ,
3
a b c and b c
π
= = = = , then find a b c (
¸ ¸

10. If , a b and c are non-coplanar vectors, then prove that the

four points with position vectors
2 3 , 2 3 , 3 4 2 a b c a b c a b c + − − + + − and 6 6
a b c − + are coplanar.
11. Find the volume of the tetrahedron whose vertices are ( ) ( ) ( )
1, 2,1 , 3, 2, 5 , 2, 1, 0 − and ( ) 1, 0,1 − .
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12. Show that the equation of the plane passing through the points with
position vectors
3 5 , 5 7 i j k i j k − − − + + and parallel to the vector 3 7
i j k − + is 3 2 0 x y z + − =
13. If
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1, , , 1, , 1, , A a a B b b and C c c = = = are non-coplanar
vectors and
2 3
2 3
2 3
1
1 0
1
a a a
b b b
c c c
+
+ =
+
,
then show that 1 0 a b c + =
14. If 2 3 , 2 , 2 a i j k b i j k c i j k = − + =
+ + = + + then find
( ) ( )
a b c and a b c × × × ×
15. Show that the points 2 , 3 5 3 4 4 i j k i j k and i j k
− + − − − − are the vertices of a right angled
triangle. Also find the other angles.
16. Prove that the smaller angle θ between any two diagonals of a cube is given
by
1
cos
3
θ = .
17. With the usual notation the following is true in any ABC ∆ .

sin sin sin

a b c
A B C
= =
18. If 0 , A B π ≤ ≤ , then ( ) sin sin cos cos sin A B A B A
B − = −
19. Show that ( ) ( ) ( )
2 i a i j a j k k a a × × + × × + × × = for any
vector a.
20. Prove that for any three vectors , , , 2 a b c b c c a a b a
b c ( ( + + + =
¸ ¸ ¸ ¸

21. For any three vectors , , a b c , prove that

2
b c c a a b a b c ( ( × × × =
¸ ¸ ¸ ¸

22. Let a,b and c be unit vectors such that b is not parallel to c and
( )
1
2
a b c b × × = . Find the angles
made by a with each of b and c.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. A line makes angles

1 2 3 4
, , and θ θ θ θ with the diagonals of a cube. Show that
2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4
4
cos cos cos cos
3
θ θ θ θ + + + =
2. If b c d c a d a b d a b c ( ( ( ( + + =
¸ ¸ ¸ ¸ ¸ ¸ ¸ ¸
, then show that the points with position vectors a,b,c
and d are coplanar.
3. If ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1, 2, 1 , 4, 0 3 , 1, 2, 1 2, 4, 5 A B C
and D = − − − − = − − , find the distance between AB and
CD.
4. If 2 , 2 , 2 a i j k b i j k c i j k = − + = +
+ = + − find
( ) ( )
a b c and a b c × × × ×
5. If 2 3 , 2 3 2 a i j k v i j k and c i j k = − −
= + − = + − , verify that ( ) ( ) a b c a b c × × ≠
× ×
6. If 2 3 , 2 , 4 a i j k b i j k c i j k = + − = −
+ = − + − and d i j k = + + , then compute ( ) ( ) a b
c d × × ×
7. Let
1 2
and θ θ be non-negative real numbers such that
1 2
θ θ π + ≤ . Then
(i) ( )
1 2 1 2 1 2
cos cos cos sin sin θ θ θ θ θ θ − = +
(ii) ( )
1 2 1 2 1 2
cos cos cos sin sin θ θ θ θ θ θ + = −
8. In any triangle prove that the altitudes are concurrent.
9. Find the shortest distance between the skew lines

( ) ( )
6 2 2 2 2 r i j k t i j k = + + + − + and
( ) ( )
4 3 2 2 r i k s i j k = − − + − −
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10. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point ( ) 3, 2, 1 A =
− − and parallel to the vectors
2 4 3 2 5 b i j k and c i j k = − + = + −
11. For any four vectors , , a b c and d ,
( ) ( )
a b c d a c d b b c d a ( ( × × × = −
¸ ¸ ¸ ¸
and
( ) ( )
a b c d a b d c a b c d ( ( × × × = −
¸ ¸ ¸ ¸

12. Let , , a b c be three vectors. Then

(i)
( ) ( ) ( )
. . a b c a c b b c a × × = − (ii)
( ) ( ) ( )
. . a b c a c b a b c × × = −
MATRICES

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1) If
3 2 8 5 2
2 6 2 4
x y
z a
− − ( (
=
( (
+ − −
¸ ¸ ¸ ¸
then find the values of x, y, z and a
02. Find the trace of
1 3 5
2 1 5
2 0 1
− (
(
−
(
(
¸ ¸

03. Find the following products wherever possible

2 2 1 2 3 4
1 0 2 2 2 3
2 1 2 1 2 2
− − ( (
( (
−
( (
( ( −
¸ ¸ ¸ ¸

04.
3 4 9
13 2 0
0 1 5
0 4 1
2 6 12
(
− (
(
−
(
(
¸ ¸
(
¸ ¸

05. If A =
1 2 3
2 5 6
3 7 x
− (
(
(
(
¸ ¸
is a symmetric matrix, then find x.
06. If
2 2 2 2
, 1
a ib c id
A a b c d
c id a b
+ + (
= + + + =
(
− + −
¸ ¸
then find the inverse of A
07. If
1 2 5 1 2
0 2 2 0 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
x y x y
z
a
− − − − ( (
( (
=
( (
( ( − + −
¸ ¸ ¸ ¸
then find the values of x, y, z and a.
08. If
2 3 1 1 2 1
6 1 5 0 1 3
A and B
− ( (
= =
( (
− −
¸ ¸ ¸ ¸
the find the matrix X such that A + B – X = 0 What is
the order of the matrix X ?
09. If
1 2 3 8
,
3 4 7 2
A B
( (
= =
( (
¸ ¸ ¸ ¸
and 2X + A = B then find X.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

01. If
1 0 0 1
and E
0 1 0 0
I
( (
=
( (
¸ ¸ ¸ ¸
then show that ( )
3
3 2
3 . aI bE a I a bE + = +
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02. If
0 2 1
2 0 2
1 0
A
x
(
(
= − −
(
( −
¸ ¸
is a skew symmetric matrix, then find x.
03. FI
1 5 3
2 4 0
3 1 5
A
(
(
=
(
( − −
¸ ¸
and
2 1 0
0 2 5
1 2 0
B
− (
(
= −
 (
(
¸ ¸
then find
'
3 4 A B −
04. If
1 2 2
2 1 2
2 2 1
A
− − − (
(
= −
(
( −
¸ ¸
then show that the adjoint of A is 3A’. Find
1
A
−

05. If
3 3 4
2 3 4
0 1 1
A
− (
(
= −
(
( −
¸ ¸
then show that
1 3
A A
−
=
06.
1 2 3
2 3 4
0 1 2
(
(
(
(
¸ ¸

07. If
cos sin
sin cos
A
θ θ
θ θ
(
=
(
−
¸ ¸
then show that for all the positive integers n,
cos sin
sin cos
n
n n
A
n n
θ θ
θ θ
(
=
(
−
¸ ¸

08. If
1 2
2 1 2
3 0
1 3 4
5 4
A and B
− (
− (
(
= = −
(
(
−
¸ ¸
(
¸ ¸
then verify that (AB)’ = B’A’

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

01. If
2 3
2 3
2 3
1
1 0
1
a a a
b b b
c c c
( +
(
+ =
(
(
+
¸ ¸
and
2
2
2
1
1 0
1
a a
b b
c c
(
(
≠
(
(
¸ ¸
then show that abc = -1
02. Show that ( )
3
2
2 2
2
a b c a b
c b c a b a b c
c a c a b
+ + (
(
+ + = + +
(
( + +
¸ ¸

03. Show that

2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
2
2
a b c bc a c b
b c a c ac b a
c a b b a ab c
( −
(
= −
(
(
−
¸ ¸
=
( )
2
3 3 3
3 a b c abc + + −
04. Show that ( )( )( )
2
2 4
2
a a b c a
a b b b c a b b c c a
c a c b c
− + + (
(
+ − + = + + +
 (
( + + −
¸ ¸

05. ( )( )( )( )
2 3
2 3
2 3
1
1
1
a a
b b a b b c c a ab bc ca
c c
= − − − + =

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06. 9 x y z + + =
2 5 7 52 x y z + + =
2 0 x y z + − =
07. 2 8 13 x y z − + =
3 4 5 18 x y z + + =
5 2 7 20 x y z − + =
08. 9 x y z + + =
2 5 7 52 x y z + + =
2 0 x y z + − =
09. 0 x y z + − =
2 0 x y z − + =
3 6 5 0 x y z + − =
10. Show that 2
b c c a a b a b c
c a a b b c b c a
a b b c c a c a b
+ + + ( (
( (
+ + + =
( (
( ( + + +
¸ ¸ ¸ ¸

11. Show that ( )

3
2 2
2 2
2 2
a b c a a
b b c a b a b c
c c c a b
− − (
(
− − = + +
(
( − −
¸ ¸

12. Find the value of x if

2 2 3 3 4
4 2 9 3 16 0
8 2 27 3 64
x x x
x x x
x x x
− − − (
(
− − − =
(
( − − −
¸ ¸

13. If
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
a b c
A a b c
a b c
(
(
=
(
(
¸ ¸
is a non-singular matrix then A is invertible and
1
det
AdjA
A
A
−
=
14. Show that the following system of equations is consistent and solve it
completely:
3
2 2 3
1
x y z
x y z
x y z
+ + =
+ − =
+ − =

15. Solve the following simultaneous linear equations by using ‘Cramer’s rule.
3 4 5 18 x y z + + =
2 8 13 x y z − + =
5 2 7 20 x y z − + =
16. Solve the following equations by Gauss – Jordan method
3 4 5 18 x y z + + =
2 8 13 x y z − + =
5 2 7 20 x y z − + =
17. Let A and B are invertible matrices. Then
1
, ' A A
−
and AB are invertible further.
i)
( )
1
1
A A
−
−
= ii)
( ) ( )
1 1
1 1
A A
−
−
= iii) ( )
1
1 1
AB B A
−
− −
=

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5. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND TRANSFORMATIONS

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. If ( ) cos 0 1 t t θ = < < and θ does not lie in the first

quadrant, find the values of
(i) sin θ (ii) tan θ
2. If A,B,C are angles of a triangle, then prove that
2 3
cos cos 0
2 2
A B C A C + + − | | | |
+ =
| |
\ ¹ \ ¹

3. If A,B,C,D are angles of a cyclic quadrilateral, then prove that

(i) sin sin sin sin A C D B − = −
4. Draw the graph of ( ) sin 2 , y x in π π = −
5. Find the periods of the functions
(i) ( ) sin f x x =
6. Find the value of (i)
2 2
1 1
sin 82 sin 22
2 2
o o
−
(ii)
2 2
1 1
cos 112 sin 52
2 2
o o
−
7. Find the period of the function defined by ( )
4 4
sin cos f x x x = + for all x R ∈ .
8. Find the extreme values of 5cos 3cos 8
3
x x
π | |
+ + +
|
\ ¹
over R.
9. Find the maximum and minimum values of the following functions over R.
(i) ( ) 5sin 12cos 13 f x x x = + −
10. Prove that (i)
2 2
5 1
sin 24 sin 6
8
o o
−
− =
11. If
4
tan
3
A = , find the values of
(i) sin 2A (ii) cos 2A
12. If
12
tan
5
A
−
= and 630 720
o o
A < < find the values of
(i) sin
2
A
(ii) cos
2
A

13. If θ is not an odd multiple of

2
π
and if tan 1 θ ≠ − , then show that
1 sin 2 cos 2
tan
1 sin 2 cos 2
θ θ
θ
θ θ
+ −
=
+ +
14. If tan
b
a
θ = , then prove that cos 2 sin 2 a b a θ θ + = .
15. Prove that
1 3
4
sin10 cos10
o o
− = .
16. Find the extreme values of the following functions over R.
(i)
2 2
cos . cos .cos
3 3
x x x
π π | | | |
+ −
| |
\ ¹ \ ¹

17. If cos 0, tan sin m θ θ θ > + = and tan sin n θ θ − = ,

then show that
2 2
4 m n mn − =
18. Prove that
2
1 1 3 1
sin 52 sin 22
2 2 4 2
o o
+ | | | |
− =
| |
\ ¹ \ ¹

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19. Show that cos 42 cos 78 cos162 0
o o o
+ + =
20. Prove that
1
sin 21 cos9 cos84 cos 6
4
o o o o
− =
21. Find the values of
2 2
cos 45 sin 15
o o
−

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. If
4
tan
3
θ
−
= and θ does not lie in 4
th
quadrant, prove that
5sin 10cos 9sec 16cos 4cot 0 ec θ θ θ θ θ + + + + =
2. Prove that ( ) ( ) ( )
4 2
6 6
3 sin cos 6 sin cos 4 sin cos 13 θ θ θ θ θ θ − + + + + =
3. If
2sin
1 cos sin
x
θ
θ θ
=
+ +
, find the value of
1 cos sin
1 sin
θ θ
θ
− +
+

4. If
3
cos sin ec a θ θ − = and
3
sec cos b θ θ − = , then prove that
( )
2 2 2 2
1 a b a b + =
5. If 225
o
A B + = , then prove that
cot cot 1
.
1 cot 1 cot 2
A B
A B
=
+ +

6. If 0
4
A B
π
< < < , ( ) ( )
7 12
sin , cos
25 13
A B A B + = − = , find the value of tan 2A
7. If ( ) ( ) cos , cos , cos θ α θ θ α − + are in H.P., Then
prove that
2
cos 1 cos θ α = +
8. Prove the following
 (i)
2 4 8 1
cos cos .cos
7 7 7 8
π π π
=
9. If
3
cos
5
α = and
5
cos
13
β = and , α β are acute angles, then prove that
(i)
2
16
cos
2 65
α β + | |
=
|
\ ¹

10. If A is not an integral multiple of π , prove that

sin16
cos .cos 2 .cos 4 .cos8
16sin
A
A A A A
A
= and hence deduce that
2 4 8 16 1
cos .cos .cos .cos
15 15 15 15 16
π π π π
=
11. Prove that
( )
4 cos 66 sin84 3 15
o o
+ = +
12. If
1
sin sin
4
x y + = and
1
cos cos
3
x y + = , then show that
(i)
3
tan
2 4
x y +
=
13. If neither
( )
15
o
A− nor
( )
75
o
A− is an integral multiple of 180
o
, prove that
( ) ( )
4cos 2
cot 15 tan 15
1 2sin 2
o o
A
A A
A
− + + =
−

14. Prove that (if none of the denominators is zero)

2.cot ,
cos cos sin sin
2
sin sin cos cos
0 ,
n n n
A B
if n is even
A B A B
A B A B
if n is odd
¦ − | |
+ + ¦ | | | | |
+ =
\ ¹ ´
| |
− −
\ ¹ \ ¹
¦
¹

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15. If ( ) ( ) sec sec 2sec θ α θ α θ + + − = and cos 1 α
≠ , then show that cos 2 cos
2
α
θ = ±
16. If , , x y z are non zero real numbers and if
2 4
cos cos cos
3 3
x y z
π π
θ θ θ
| | | |
= + = +
| |
\ ¹ \ ¹
for some
R θ ∈ , then show that 0 xy yz zx + + =
17. If 270
o
A B C + + = , then prove that
(i) sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 4 sin sin cos A B C A B C + − = −
18. If
2
sec tan
3
θ θ + = , find the value of sinθ and determine the quadrant in which θ lies.
19. If cos sin 2 cos θ θ θ + = , prove that cos sin 2 sin θ θ θ −
= .
20. If 45
o
A B + = then prove that
(i) ( )( ) 1 tan 1 tan 2 A B + + =
21. If
12 3
sin , cos
13 5
A B = = and neither A nor B is in 1
st
quadrant, then find the quadrant in which
A+B lies.
22. Let ABC be a triangle such that cot cot cot 3 A B C + + =
23. Prove that (i)
5 1
sin18
4
o
−
=
24. For A R ∈ , prove that
(i) ( ) ( )
1
cos .cos 60 cos 60 cos 3
4
A A A A + − = and hence deduce that
(ii)
2 3 4 1
cos cos cos cos
9 9 9 9 16
π π π π
=
25. If , α β are the solutions of the equation cos sin a b c θ θ + =
(a,b,c are non-zero real numbers) then
show that
(i)
2 2
2
sin sin
bc
a b
α β + =
+

(ii)
2 2
2 2
sin .sin
c a
a b
α β
−
=
+

26. Prove that

4 4 4 4
3 5 7 3
sin sin sin sin
8 8 8 8 2
π π π π
+ + + =
27. Prove that
2 2
3
cos 76 cos 16 cos76 cos16
4
o o o o
+ − =
28. If sin sin x y a + = and cos cos x y b + = , find the value of
(i) tan
2
x y +

29. For any R α ∈ , prove that

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1
cos 45 cos 15 cos 15
2
o o o
α α α − + + − − =
30. Suppose ( ) α β − is not an odd multiple of ,
2
m
π
is a non zero real number such that
( )
( )
sin 1
1
cos 1
m
m and
m
α β
α β
− −
≠ − =
− +
. Then prove that tan . tan
4 4
m B
π π
α
| | | |
− = +
| |
\ ¹ \ ¹

31. If A,B,C are angles of a triangle, prove that

(i) cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 4cos cos cos 1 A B C A B C + + = − −
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32. If A, B, C are angles in a triangle, then prove that
(i) sin sin sin 4cos cos cos
2 2 2
A B C
A B C + + =
33. If 90
o
A B C + + = , then show that
(i)
2 2 2
sin sin sin 1 2sin sin sin A B C A B C + + = −
34. If A, B, C are angles of a triangle, then prove that
2 2 2
sin sin sin 1 2cos cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
+ − = −
35. If ( ) ( ) cos cos , cos 0, sin 0 a b θ α θ α θ α + = −
≠ ≠ , then prove that
( ) ( ) tan cot a b a b θ α + = −
36. Prove that tan . tan tan tan 3
4 3
A A A A
π π | | | |
+ − =
| |
\ ¹ \ ¹
and deduce that
tan 6 tan 42 tan 66 tan 78 1
o o o o
=
37. If
9
π
α = , then prove that 16sin sin 2 sin3 sin 4 3 α α α α = and
16cos cos 2 cos3 cos 4 1 α α α α =

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. If 180
o
A B C + + = , then prove that
(i)
2 2 2
cos cos cos 2 1 sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C | |
+ + = +
|
\ ¹

2. In triangle ABC, prove that

(i) cos cos cos 4cos cos cos
2 2 2 4 4 4
A B C A B C π π π − − −
+ + =
(ii) sin sin sin 1 4cos cos sin
2 2 2 4 4 4
A B C A B C π π π − − −
+ − = +
3. If 360
o
A B C + + = , then prove that
( ) ( ) ( ) cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 4cos cos cos A B C D A B
A C A D + + + = + + +
4. If 2 A B C S + + = , then prove that
(i) ( ) ( ) sin cos cos 1 4cos cos cos
2 2 2
S A S B C
S A S B C
− −
− + − + = − +
5. If A, B, C are angles in a triangle, then prove that
sin sin sin 1 4sin , sin , sin
2 2 2 4 4 4
A B C A B C π π π − − −
+ + = +
6. If 2 A B C S + + = , then prove that
( ) ( ) ( ) cos cos cos cos 4cos cos cos
2 2 2
A B C
S A S B S C S − + − + − + =

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6. TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Solve the following equations

(i)
[ ]
5 1
cos 2 , 0, 2
4
θ θ π
+
= ∈
(ii)
[ ]
2
3
cos , 0,
4
θ θ π = ∈
2. Find the general solution of the following equation
(i)
2 2
5cos 7sin 6 θ θ + =
3. Find the general solution of the following equation
(i)
3 1
sin , cos
2 2
θ θ
−
= =

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Solve the following equation and write general solution

(i)
( )
2
4cos 3 2 3 1 cos θ θ + = +
2. If
2 3
sin ,
3 2
x y and x sin y
π
+ = + = find x and y
3. Solve the following and write the general solution
(i) sin 7 sin 4 sin 0 θ θ θ + + =
(ii) sin 3 cos 2 x x + =
4. Solve the following equation
(i) tan sec 3, 0 2 θ θ θ π + = ≤ ≤
5. Solve sin sin 2 sin3 cos cos 2 cos3 x x x x x x + + = + +
6. If
2
sin3 sin 2cos sin 2 2cos x x x x x + + = + , find the general
solution
7. Solve the equation
2
6 cos 7 cos 0 x sin x x − + + =
8. If
1
tan tan
cos
x x
x
= + and [ ] 0, 2 x π ∈ find the values of x .
9. If x is acute and
( ) ( )
sin 10 cos 3 68
o o
x x + = − find x .
10. Solve
2
1 sin 3sin cos θ θ θ + =
11. If
1 2
, θ θ are solutions of the equation cos 2 sin 2 a b c θ θ + = ,

1 2
tan tan 0 and a c θ θ ≠ + ≠ then find the values of
(i)
1 2
tan tan θ θ + (ii)
1 2
tan . tan θ θ
12. If 0 θ π < < , solve
1
cos .cos 2 .cos 3
4
θ θ θ =
13. If [ ]
1
cos cos .cos , 0, 6
3 3 4
x x x x
π π
π
| | | |
+ − = ∈
| |
\ ¹ \ ¹
, then find the sum of all the solutions of the
equations.
14. Solve the equation sin 7 sin 4 sin 0 0
2
π
θ θ θ θ
| |
+ + = ≤ ≤
|
\ ¹

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15. If cos 2 sin 2 a b c θ θ + = has solutions
1 2
and θ θ such that
1 2
tan tan θ θ ≠ and if 0 a c + ≠ , then
prove that ( )
1 2
tan
b
a
θ θ + =
16. If tan sin cot cos
2 2
π π
θ θ
| | | |
=
| |
\ ¹ \ ¹
, then prove that
1
sin
4 2
π
θ
| |
+ = ±
|
\ ¹

17. Solve the equation tan tan 2 tan 3 0 x x x + + =

7. INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Evaluate the following

(i)
1
3
2
Sin
−
| |
−
|
|
\ ¹

(iv)
( )
1
3 Cot
−
−
2. Evaluate the following
(i)
1
3
sin
2 2
Sin
π
−
| | | |
−
− | |
| |
\ ¹ \ ¹

3. Find the values of

(i)
1
4
sin 2
3
Sin
−
| |
|
\ ¹

4. Find the values of the following

(i)
1
1
2
Sin
−
| |
−
|
\ ¹
(ii)
1
3
2
Cos
−
| |
−
|
|
\ ¹

5. Find the values of the following

(i)
1
4
sin
3
Sin
π
−
| |
|
\ ¹
(ii)
1
4
tan
3
Tan
π
−
| |
|
\ ¹

6. Find the values of the following

(i)
1 1
2 2
cos
3 3
Cos Sin
− −
| | | | | |
− −
| | |
\ ¹ \ ¹ \ ¹
(ii)
( ) ( )
2 1 2 1
sec 3 cos 2 Cot ec Tan
− −
+

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Prove that
(i)
1 1 1
3 12 33
5 13 65
Sin Cos Cos
− − −
+ =

2. Find the values of

(i)
1 1
3 12
sin
5 13
Cos Cos
− −
| |
+
|
\ ¹

3. Show that
( ) ( )
2 1 2 1
sec 2 cos 2 10 Tan ec Cot
− −
+ =
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4. Prove that
(i)
1 1 1
1 1
2 5 8 4
Tan Tan Tan
π
− − −
1
+ + =
(ii)
1 1 1 1
1 201
(18)
7 8 43
Tan Tan Cot Cot
− − − −
1
+ = +
6. Prove that
1 1
1 1 2
tan tan
4 2 4 2
a a b
Cos Cos
b b a
π π
− −
| | | |
+ + − =
| |
\ ¹ \ ¹

7. Solve for x :
(i) ( )
1 1 1
1 Sin x Sin x Cos x
− − −
− + =
(ii)
1 1
1
sin os 1
5
Sin C x
− −
| |
+ =
|
\ ¹

8. Prove that
(i)
1 1 1
3 5 323
2
5 13 325
Sin Cos Cos
− − −
| | | |
− =
| |
\ ¹ \ ¹

(ii)
1 1
4 1
2
5 3 2
Sin Tan
 π
− −
+ =

9. If
1 1 1
Cos p Cos q Cos r π
− − −
+ + = , then prove that
2 2 2
2 1 p q r pqr + + + =
10. If
2
1 1 1
2 2 2
2 1 2
1 1 1
p q x
Sin Cos Tan
p q x
− − −
| | −
− =
|
+ + −
\ ¹
, then prove that
1
p q
x
pq
−
=
+

11. If
1 1 1
Sin x Sin y Sin z π
− − −
+ + = , then prove that

2 2 2
1 1 1 2 x x y y z z xyz − + − + − =
12. (i) If
1 1 1
Tan x Tan y Tan z π
− − −
+ + = , then prove that x y z xyz + + =
(ii) If
1 1 1
2
Tan x Tan y Tan z
π
− − −
+ + = , then prove that 1 xy yz zx + + =
13. Solve the following equation for x .
(i)
2
1 1 1
2 2 2
2 1 2
3 4 2
1 1 1 3
x x x
Sin Cos Tan
x x x
π
− − −
−
− + =
+ + −

(ii)
1 1
tan cos sin cot , 0
2
arc arc x
x
| | | |
= ≠
| |
\ ¹ \ ¹

14. If 0, 0 1 x y and xy < < < , then

1 1 1
1
x y
Tan x Tan y Tan
xy
− − −
| | +
+ =
|
−
\ ¹

15. Prove that

1 1 1
4 7 117
5 25 125
Sin Sin Sin
− − −
+ =
16. Prove that
1 1 1
4 5 16
5 13 25 2
Sin Sin Sin
π
− − −
| |
+ + =
|
\ ¹

17. Prove that

1 1
4 1
2
5 3 2
Sin Tan
π
− −
+ =
18. If
1 1 1
Sin x Sin y Sin z π
− − −
+ + = , then prove that

( )
4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 2 x y z x y z x y y z z x + + + = + +
19. If
1 1
P q
Cos Cos
a b
α
− −
+ = , then prove that
2 2
2
2 2
2
.cos sin
p pq q
a ab b
α α − + =
20. Prove that
( ) { }
2
1 1
2
1
cos sin
2
x
Tan Cot x
x
− −
+
(
=
¸ ¸
+

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21. Prove that arc
34
sec arc cos 17
5 4
arc ec
π
+ =
22. If [ ) 0,1 x∈ , then prove that
2
1 1
2 2 2
1 2 1 1 2
tan
2 1 2 1 1
x x x
Sin Cos
x x x
− −
| | −
+ =
|
+ + −
\ ¹

23. Find the number of ordered pairs ( ) , x y satisfying the

equations
1 1
2
3
Sin x Sin y
π
− −
+ = and
1 1
3
Cos x Cos y
π
− −
− = .
24. Solve : ( ) ( )
1 1 1
8
1 1
31
Tan x Tan x Tan
− − −
+ + − =

8. HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. If
3
sinh
4
x = , find ( ) cosh 2x and ( ) sinh 2x
2. Prove that (i) ( ) ( ) ( ) cosh sinh cosh sinh
n
x x nx nx − = − , for any n R ∈
3. Prove that
tanh tanh
2cos
sec 1 sec 1
x x
echx
hx hx
+ = −
− +
for 0 x ≠
4. For any x R ∈ , Prove that ( )
4 4
cosh sinh cosh 2 x x x − =
5. For , x y R ∈ prove that
(i) ( ) sinh sinh cosh cosh sinh x y x y x y + = +
(ii) ( ) cosh cosh cosh sinh sinh x y x y x y + = +
6. For any x R ∈ prove that
( )
1 2
sinh log 1
e
x x x
−
= + +
7. If
5
cosh
2
x = , find the values of (i) ( ) cosh 2x and (ii) ( ) sinh 2x
8. If ,
4 4
π π
θ
− | |
∈
|
\ ¹
and log cot
4
e
x
π
θ
| | | |
= +
| |
\ ¹ \ ¹
, then prove that
(i) cosh sec2 x θ = and (ii) sinh tan 2 x θ = −
9. If sinh 5 x = , show that
( )
log 5 26
e
x = +
10. Show that
1
1 1
tanh log 3
2 2
e
−
| |
=
|
\ ¹
11. If
1
tanh
4
x = , then prove that
1 5
log
2 3
e
x
| |
= +
|
\ ¹

9. PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. If 2 ., 3 ., 4 , a cms b cms c cms = = = then find cos A.

2. If the angles are in the ration 1 : 5 : 6, then find the ratio of its sides
Vanithatv - GUIDE education and career live show daily at 8.30pm 18
3. Prove that ( ) cos sin cos sin b a C A a A C − =
4. Show that
2 2
cos cos
2 2
C B
b c s + =
5. In ABC ∆ , prove that
1 2 3
4 r r r r R + + − =
6. In ABC ∆ , if ( )( ) 3 a b c b c a bc + + + − = find
A
7. In ABC ∆ , show that ( ) cos 2 b c A s + =
∑

8. In ABC ∆ , show that

( )
( )
2 2
2
sin
sin
B C b c
a B C
− −
=
+

9. Show that
2 2
sin 2 sin 2 2 sin b C c B bc A + =

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Prove that
( )
2
sin
0
sin sin
B C
a
B C
−
=
+
∑

2. Prove that
cos cos cos a A b B c C
bc a ca b ab c
+ = + = +
3. If 60
o
C = , then show that
(i) 1
a b
b c c a
+ =
+ +

(ii)
2 2 2 2
0
b a
c a c b
+ =
− −

4. In ABC ∆ , prove that

1 2 3
4 cos r r r r R C + + − =
5. Show that
2
cos cos cos a A b B c C
R
∆
+ + =
6. Prove that ( )( )( )
2
1 2 2 3 3 1
4 r r r r r r Rs + + + =

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Prove that
2
cot cot cot
2 2 2
A B C s
+ + =
∆

2. For any angle θ , show that ( ) ( ) cos cos cos a b C c B θ θ

θ = + + −
3. If cos cos cos 3/ 2 A B + + = , then show that the triangle is
equilateral
4. If cot , cot , cot
2 2 2
A B C
are in A.P., then prove that , , a b c are in A.P.,
5. Prove that
3 2 2
1 2 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 4 abc R
r r r r r r r s
| | | || |
− − − = =
| | |
∆
\ ¹\ ¹\ ¹

6. Show that cos cos cos 1

r
A B C
R
+ + = +
7. If
1 2 3
, , P P P are altitudes drawn from vertices A,B,C to the opposite sides of a
triangle respectively,
then show that
(i)
1 2 3
1 1 1 1
P P P r
+ + = (ii)
( )
2
3
1 2 3 3
8
8
abc
PP P
R abc
∆
= =
8. If 13, 14, 15 a b c = = = , show that
1 2
65 21
, 4, , 12
8 2
R r r r = = = = and
3
14 r =
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9. If
1 2 3
2, 3, 6 r r r = = = and 1 r = , Prove that 3, 3 5 a b and c = =
=
10. In , tan cot
2 2
B C b c A
ABC prove that
b c
− − | |
∆ =
|
+
\ ¹

11. Show that

2 2 2
cot cot cot
abc
a A b B c C
R
+ + =
12. In ABC ∆ , if
1 1 3
a c b c a b c
+ =
+ + + +
, show that 60
o
C =
13. Prove that
2 2 2
cot cot cot
4
a b c
A B C
+ +
+ + =
∆

14. Prove that ( ) ( ) ( )

3 3 3
cos cos cos 3 a B C b C A c A B abc − + − + − =
15. If
1 2 3
, , p p p are the altitudes of the vertices A, B, C of a triangle
respectively, show that
2 2 2
1 2 3
1 1 1 cot cot cot A B C
p p p
+ +
+ + =
∆

16. Show that

3 1 2
1 1
2
r r r
bc ca ab r R
+ + = −