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01 Drill String Components PDF
01 Drill String Components PDF
01 Drill String Components PDF
Section – 1
Drill String Components
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 1/149
2.1. Drill String Components
Contents
5. Drill Collars
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 2/149
2.1. Drill String Components
1. Functions of Drill String
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 3/149
2.1. Drill String Components
2. Main Components of the Drill String
• Drill Collars
• Drill Bit
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 4/149
2.1. Drill String Components
2. Main Components of the Drill String
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 5/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Description
• Tubular body built of seamless steel cylinder (pierced)
• Threaded ends built separately and coupled to the pipe body by
electric flash welding in the furnace
• DP is manufactured in different grades of steel according to the
strength required
• Internal bore with plastic coating that provides resistance to
chemical corrosion and abrasive flow
• Length Range: Range I (18’ – 22’); Range II (28’ – 32’)
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 6/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Functions
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 7/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Specifications
• Steel Grade
• It is related to the “Minimum Yield Strength” of the steel alloy
from which the pipe is manufactured
• Also called “Plastic Limit” or “Yield Strength Limit” is the value
of stress above which a given specimen of the material
undergoes permanent deformation
• Steel Grade is a mechanical property of each alloy and is
identified by a Letter followed by a number. The number
expresses the thousands of pounds force per square inch of
sectional area (ksi) to reach the elastic limit of the alloy, above
which permanent strain will occur
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 8/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Specifications
• Steel Grade
When referring to Drill Pipe Weights, there are four important ones:
Plain end Weight – refers to the weight per foot of the pipe body.
Adjusted Weight – refers to the weight per foot of pipe including the upset but
excluding the tool joint based on a length of 29.4 ft.
Approximate Weight – the average weight per foot of pipe and tool joints of
Range II pipe. This approximate weight is the number to use in Design
calculations.
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 10/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Specifications – Tool Joints
All API tool joints have a minimum yield stress of 120,000 psi regardless
of the grade of the drill pipe they are used on (E, X, G, S).
Tool joints are always stronger in tension than the tube to which they are
attached, and almost always weaker in torsion than the tubes to which
they are attached.
API says that tool joint torsional strength should be at a minimum of 80%
of the tube torsional strength.
Make up torque is determined by pin ID or box OD. The make up torque is
60% of the tool joint torsional capacity. The equation for determining
make up can be obtained from the appendix of API RPG7.
The API has developed a series of charts to find the recommended make
up torque to any connection given the tool jt OD of box and ID of pin.
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 11/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Make Up determination for Tool Joints
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 12/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Specifications – Tool Joints
Drill pipe Upsets
Where the pipe joins the tool joint, the pipe wall thickness is increased or
“upset”.
•This increased thickness is used to decrease the frequency of pipe failure at
the point where the pipe meets the tool-joint.
•The drill-pipe can have
• Internal upsets (IU), ( OD stays the same, ID reduced )
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 13/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Specifications
•Tool Joint Types
• There are three common types of Tool Joints for DP:
• Internal Upset (IU),
• External Upset (EU),
• Internal and External Upset (IEU)
• The Adjusted or Approximated weight is rarely calculated. It is found
in the API – RPG and or proprietary / manufacturer tables
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 14/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Specifications
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 15/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Specifications
• “Adjusted” or “Approximated” weight calculation
Nom upset Wt
Wt DP Adj = Tube Wt + ….(1)
29 . 4
Data from Table 7 - API 5D
Wt Tool Jt Adj ( )
= 0 . 222 × L D 2 − d 2 + 0 . 167 × D 3 − D 3 TE ( )
− 0 . 501 × d 2 × (D − D TE ) ….(2)
L= combined length of pin and box (in) D= outside diameter of pin (in)
d= inside diameter of pin (in) DTE= diameter of box at elevator upset (in)
Data From API Spec 7 - Fig 6 & Table 7
L + 2 . 253 × (D − D TE ) ft ….(3)
L Tool Jt Adj =
12 Data From API Spec 7 - Fig 6 & Table 7
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 16/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Specifications
• “Adjusted” or “Approximated” weight calculation – Example:
Adjusted weight for Drill Pipe value is found in Table 9 of API – RP7G
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 17/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Specifications
From API RPG7
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 18/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Specifications – Threaded Connections
• DP tool joints pin and box are built separately and welded into the pipe
body during the manufacturing process.
• Thread geometry is strong with low taper and 3.5 to 5 threads per inch
defined by the manufacturer (proprietary connections)
• The thread seal area is the metal-to-metal contact between the pin base
and box circumference, often referred as the “shoulder” area / polished
surface.
• Some of the tool joint thread types available in the market are:
• API Regular, Internal Flush (IF), Extra Hole (XH), Slim Hole (SH), Reed
Wide Open (RWO), PAC, ACME, Etc.
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 19/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Specifications – Numbered Connections
• Once the measurement is taken, the two first digits of it are selected
and “truncated rounded” without given consideration to decimal place
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 20/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Specifications – Numbered Connections
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 21/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Specifications – Numbered Connections
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 22/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Specifications - Tool Joint Thread Seal
Box
Pin
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 23/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Specifications - Thread Identification
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 24/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Specifications – Summary:
For example a drill pipe could be: 5”, Range 2, G-105, 19.5ppf, New
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 25/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Drill Pipe Class:
Unlike casing and tubing, which are normally run new, drill pipe is normally used in
a worn condition. It therefore has Classes:
Other details such as, dents and mashing, slip area mechanical damage, stress
induced diameter variations, corrosion cuts and gouges, specified on Table 24
(Classification of Used Drill Pipe ) of API RP 7G.
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 26/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Drill Pipe Class:
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 27/149
2.1. Drill String Components
3. Drill Pipe
• Manufacturing Tolerances:
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 29/149
2.1. Drill String Components
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 30/149
2.1. Drill String Components
4. Heavy Weight Drill Pipe, HWDP
• Characteristics
Design
Heavier wall and longer tool joints
Center wall pad
Also available in spiral design for more flexibility
and stuck pipe prevention (“flexi - wate”)
Function
Used in transition zones between DC and DP
This prevents the DP from buckling
Can be used in compression (?)
Used for directional drilling
Used in place of DC sometimes (?)
Not to be used for Weight on Bit in vertical wells
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 31/149
2.1. Drill String Components
4. Heavy Weight Drill Pipe, HWDP
• Characteristics
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 32/149
2.1. Drill String Components
4. Heavy Weight Drill Pipe, HWDP
• Characteristics
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 33/149
2.1. Drill String Components
4. Heavy Weight Drill Pipe, HWDP
• Selection Options:
There are three selection options of HWDP for different applications:
• Conventional: slick pipe body with central upset
• Spiraled: spiral channeling on body surface (Flexi-wate)
• Tri-Spiraled: Slick pipe body with three spiral channeled upsets
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 34/149
2.1. Drill String Components
4. Heavy Weight Drill Pipe, HWDP
• Selection Options:
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 35/149
2.1. Drill String Components
5. Drill Collars, DC
• Characteristics
Description:
Heavy walled metal tubes with built in threaded
connection on both ends (box up, pin down)
Dimensions:
Wide variety of OD and ID sizes, ranging typically
from 3 ½”x 1 ¾” to 11” x 3”
Most commonly in lengths of 30-31 feet
Types:
Slick – smooth external surface
Spiraled – spiral channeled surface to prevent
differential sticking
Special Fixtures:
Elevator and slip recesses for easy handling
Square collars where the holes tend to be crooked
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 36/149
2.1. Drill String Components
5. Drill Collars, DC
• Characteristics:
Functions of Drill Collars:
Provide weight on bit for drilling / making hole
Protect the Drill string from Bending
Keep DP in tension while drilling vertical holes
Control direction and inclination of wells
Drill straighter holes or vertical holes
Provide Pendulum effect
Reduce dog legs, key seats and ledges
Improve the probabilities of getting casing in the hole
Increase bit performance
Reduce rough drilling, sticking and bouncing
As a tool in fishing, testing, completing
DC connections can work in tension or compression
Neutral Point of drill string should be located in the upper 15% length of
C. Alvarez
DrillQuartz
Collars
School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 37/149
2.1. Drill String Components
5. Drill Collars, DC
• Specifications - Strapping
length
ID
OD
elevator slip
fish neckrecess recess connection
Well# TRG 1 Bit # 1
Date: 28-Jul-03 Sl # 1234
Rig: IDPT Type atm 234
BHA#: 1 Manuf Hughes
Hole Size 26" Jets 20-20-20
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 38/149
2.1. Drill String Components
5. Drill Collars, DC
• Specifications - Connections
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 39/149
2.1. Drill String Components
5. Drill Collars, DC
• Connection Stress
Stress in
Pin
Stress in
Box
• Cracking in last thread of Box
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 40/149
2.1. Drill String Components
5. Drill Collars, DC
• Connection Stress
Stresses in DC connections are concentrated at the base of
the pin and in the bottom of the box
DP body bends easily and takes up the majority of the applied
bending stress, DP connections are therefore subjected to less
bending than the DP body.
DCs and other BHA components are however much stiffer
than the DPs and much of the bending stresses are transferred
to the connections.
These bending stresses can cause fatigue failure at the
connections
Stress Relief Solution:
Pin “Relief Groove” and Box “Bore Back”
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 41/149
2.1. Drill String Components
5. Drill Collars, DC
• Stress Relief Features
The stress relief groove is a circular cavity built around the pin root
to mitigate the fatigue cracks where the face and threads would have
otherwise joined
The Bore Back is an enlargement at the bottom of the box that serves
the same purpose
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 42/149
2.1. Drill String Components
5. Drill Collars, DC
• Stress Relief Features
• Pin relief groove to dissipate stress concentration in the joint
Relief Groove
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 43/149
2.1. Drill String Components
5. Drill Collars, DC
• Stress Relief Features: Relief Groove and Bore Back
Pin with Stress Relief Groove Box with Bore Back Box with Stress Relief Groove
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 44/149
2.1. Drill String Components
5. Drill Collars, DC
• Stress Relief Features: Relief Groove and Bore Back
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 45/149
2.1. Drill String Components
5. Drill Collars, DC
• Stress Relief Features: Relief Groove and Bore Back
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 46/149
2.1. Drill String Components
5. Drill Collars, DC
• Stress Relief Features: Relief Groove and Bore Back
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 47/149
2.1. Drill String Components
5. Drill Collars, DC
• Stress Relief Features:
Cold Rolling
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 48/149
2.1. Drill String Components
5. Drill Collars, DC
• Recommended Make Up Torque:
API recommended make-up torque for connections is a
percentage of the total torsional yield of the connection.
DC< 7 in DC>7 in
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 49/149
2.1. Drill String Components
5. Drill Collars, DC
• DC Selection:
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 50/149
2.1. Drill String Components
5. Drill Collars, DC
• Bending Strength Ratio, BSR:
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 52/149
2.1. Drill String Components
5. Drill Collars, DC
• Bending Strength Ratio, BSR, in Connections
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 53/149
2.1. Drill String Components
5. Drill Collars, DC
• Bending Strength Ratio, BSR, in Connections
BSR in Connections
This table is from T.H. Hill & Associates Inc. Standard DS-1.
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 54/149
2.1. Drill String Components
5. Drill Collars, DC
• Bending Strength Ratio, BSR, in Connections:
• High RPM, Soft Formation Small DC (8” in 12.25” hole or 6” in 8.25” hole):
– BSR to be in the range 2. 25 – 2. 75
• Low RPM Hard Formations Large DC (10 in in 12-1/4” hole
– BSR to be in the range 2.5 - 3.2 (3.4 if using lo-torq connection)
• Abrasive formations. BSR to be in the range 2.5 - 3.0
• Shock loads or torque/stick Bicenter bits URWD URF ERD applications
– BSR to be in the range 2.5 - 2.75
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 55/149
2.1. Drill String Components
Lo-Torq Feature
5. Drill Collars, DC
• Bending Strength Ratio, BSR, in Connections:
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 56/149
2.1. Drill String Components
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 57/149
2.1. Drill String Components
5. Drill Collars, DC
• Stiffness Ratio in Connections:
SR =
Zlwr
=
4
ODupr ODlwr (
− IDlwr
4
)
Zupr ODlwr ODupr − IDupr
4 4
( )
Note: Stiffness Ratios are calculated using tube ODs & IDs, not connections.
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 58/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 59/149
2.1. Drill String Components
2. Main Components of the Drill String
• Other BHA Components:
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 60/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Stabilizers – Description and Functions
• Stabilizers are pieces of tubular components similar in
construction to a DC but with a length of 4 to 6 feet.
• Have pads or blades built in or welded to the pipe
body with a diameter equal to or slightly less than the
drill bit diameter
• Stabilizers are properly positioned in the BHA to
accomplish specific functions:
• Blades contact walls of the drilled hole and
create side forces that push the bit toward the
desired direction while the drilling string is
rotated
• Depending on the number, position and OD of
the stabilizer, the well angle can be increased,
hold or decreased
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 61/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Stabilizers - Classification
• According to the type of blade:
• Integral
• Welded
• Straight
• Spiraled
• Replaceable
• Variable (Adjustable) Gauge
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 63/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Stabilizers – Near Bit Stabilizer, NBS
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 64/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Stabilizers – Near Bit Stabilizer, NBS
Description and Applications – continued:
• In some directional drilling applications the NBS is required to be “Under
Gauge”, UG
• One Roller Reamer connected directly to the bit performs the same
function as one NBS.
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 65/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Stabilizers – String Stabilizer, SS
Description and Applications:
• Typically with pin down, box up connections for location in the BHA
above the drill bit
• Built with same steel alloy than NBS
• Should have same thread than the DC in the BHA to avoid the use of
connecting subs
• Blades can be integral type or welded (spiraled or straight)
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 66/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Stabilizers – String Stabilizer, SS
Description and Applications - continued
• Some designs are with mounted replaceable
sleeve
• Optional sizes in “FG” or “UG”
• Mainly applied in directional drilling jobs for
holding, building or dropping angle
• Design can be “open” with 12º to 15º angle
between blades or “closed”, with 15º to 45º angle
between blades to have 360° contact with well
bore walls.
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 67/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Stabilizers – Roller Reamer / Water Melon Reamer
• Description and Applications
• Of same size and general design like stabilizers, instead of
blades has 3 or 6 rollers externally attached to the body
• Circle around the rollers has same diameter as the drill bit
which enables them to be rolling against the walls of the
hole drilled by the bit
• Roller reamer is used to trim hole roughness, ledges, and
dog legs created while drilling
• When built of rigid spiraled blades with tungsten carbide
grains on the surface is called “water melon” reamer used
mainly to ream through dog legs
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 68/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Stabilizers – Roller Reamer
Roller Design options:
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 69/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Stabilizers – Replaceable Sleeve
Description and Applications:
Tubular sleeve with spiraled blades mounted concentric
on the stabilizer body mandrel
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 70/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Stabilizers – Replaceable Sleeve
Description and Applications:
Tubular sleeve with spiraled blades mounted concentric on the
stabilizer body mandrel
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 71/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Stabilizers – Other Design Options
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 73/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Stabilizers – Variable Gauge Stabilizer, VGS
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 74/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Cross Over Subs / Thread Combinations
Description and Application:
• Tubular accessories (3 to 4 feet long) with diversity
of design in pin / box sizes, combinations, positions
(up or down) and thread type
• used to connect two members of BHA with
incompatible thread type or design
Classification:
According to geometry or application Cross Over can be:
• Straight Cross Over Sub (Straight OD Sub)
• Combined OD Connector (Reduced Section Sub)
• Thread Protector Sub ( Saver Sub)
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 75/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Cross Over Subs / Thread Combinations
Straight Cross Over Subs:
• Used for connecting string components having same of approximately the
same external diameter, OD.
• Drill bit, BHA components, HWDP or DP can be connected with this type
of Cross Over
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 76/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Cross Over Subs / Thread Combinations
Combined OD Connector
• Used for connecting together two string components with different OD.
• Can be connected in series to gradually reduce large OD differences and to
avoid stress concentrations in the combination.
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 77/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Cross Over Subs / Thread Combinations
Thread Protector Sub
• Used as “sacrificing” connection help to extend service life of Kelly and Top
Drive.
• Are repairable while have the required length or disposable if not repairable
• When used for Kelly are usually equipped with a rubber protector to prevent
the well head and casing from damage with the Kelly rotating inside
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 78/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Cross Over Subs - Specifications
All API Cross Over Subs / Thread Combinations shall be manufactured
according to the class, type and applications / features included in the
following table:
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 79/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Cross Over Subs - API Specifications
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 80/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Cross Over Subs - API Specifications
Types “A” & “B” Dimensions & Properties:
• Sizes, styles, beveled diameter (DF), and the
external diameters (D ó DR) must comply those
values indicated in the corresponding tables of
the APl – Spec 7, as follows:
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 81/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Cross Over Subs - API Specifications
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 82/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Cross Over Subs - API Specifications
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 83/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Drilling Jars
Description:
• Tubular accessory conveniently positioned in the BHA capable
to develop tremendous longitudinal impact forces that are
transmitted below it to free the drilling string stuck in the hole
• The magnitude of the impact (intensity) and its duration
(impulse) can be set at the shop or increased during the jarring
operation
• There are three basic types of drilling jars according to the way
the stored energy is liberated for jarring:
• Mechanical Jar
• Hydraulic Jar
• Hydro- Mechanical Jar
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 84/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Drilling Jars - Examples
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 85/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Drilling Jars
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 86/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Drilling Jars - Components
Open
Internal Mandrel 8”
Cocked
8”
Closed
External
Mandrel
grooved
control
Detent
Internal
Seal
Wash
Pipe
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 87/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Drilling Jars - Operation
Hydraulic Jar Operational Sequence
Deterrent released
Setting weight to activate the jar Applying Over Pull
and jar tripping up
Oil located in
compresed oil
one chamber is suddenly
oil flows through compressed
flows to
the conduit the empty
chamber
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 88/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Drilling Jars - Operation – Pump Opening Force, POF
The circulating pressure inside the jars pushes upwards the piston and
tries to open the jar. The opening force is directly related to the wash pipe
sectional area given by the manufacturer. POF helps in the jarring up but is
opposed to the jarring down operation
2000 PSI
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 89/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Jar Accelerator
Description
• Tubular accessory installed above the jar to
multiply the impact and to protect the drill
string and surface equipment from axial shock
waves generated when the jar is fired up
Functions
• Intensifies the jar impact (usually twice of jar
impact alone)
• Absorbs jar impact waves that propagate along
the string to the surface and protects string
connections and surface equipment
• Compensates the lack of tension of drill string
for jarring in shallow wells
• Compensates the excess of friction in high
angle wells
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 90/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Jar Accelerator - Components
Internal
Mandrel
External Grooved
Mandrel Control
Compressin
N2 SE EXPANDE
N2 SE EXPANDE
g
Nitrogen
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 91/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Jar Accelerator - Operation
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 92/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Bumper Sub
Description
• Tubular accessory with mechanical springs or
hydraulic piston positioned above the bit to
absorb shock waves and longitudinal
vibrations of the string while drilling
• Old technology used to drill in rough seas
before the development of wave
compensators
• Can be used as a directional drilling tool to
give even weight on bit.
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 93/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Bumper Sub
Functions:
• Reduces impact loads on the drill
string by absorbing the longitudinal
vibrations generated by the bit
• Protects the bit and extends its life
by avoiding impact loads on bottom
• Increases drilling rate by improving
the applying of an even WOB
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 94/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Bumper Sub
Operation:
• Make up the Bumper Sub with the “Drive Stem” box
pointing down (the piston mandrel visible in the
lower section of the tool)
• Do not use pipe wrenches or power tongs directly
on the mandrel
• Use the proper lifting sub for handling at surface
• For jarring operations assure that the Bumper Sub is
in tension with the mandrel fully extended (maximum
tension given by the manufacturer)
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 95/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Bumper Sub
Position in the BHA:
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 96/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Bumper Sub – Position in Packed Assemblies
Drill Collar
1 Drill Collar
2 Drill Collar 3 4
Drill Collars
Stabilizer Bumper Sub
Stabilizer
Drill Collars Maximum (1) DC
Bumper Sub
Stabilizer
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 97/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Bumper Sub – Selection Recommended
Not Recommended
8” Drill Collar
8” Drill Collar
Mandrel OD = 8”
Mandrel OD = 5.5”
8” OD Bumper Sub
Tool description:
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 99/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Vibration Sub
Tool Description
• Tubular accessory with internal spiral thread filled with
rubber like material
• Conveniently positioned in the BHA helps in eliminating
string vibrations.
Applications
• Damping drill strings vibrations to improve bit performance
• Electrical isolation of BHA components
• Protecting MWD tools from high-frequency vibrations
(particularly for those tools having collar-mounted
electronics)
• Isolating acoustic tools to prevent echoes from corrupting
measurements
• Controlling drill string critical frequencies
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 100/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Agitator
Tool Description:
• Tubular accessory that works like a 1:2 lobe
down hole motor but without a drive shaft
Functions:
• Sets up lateral vibrations to help overcome
friction lock
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 102/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Hole Openers and Under Reamers
Description:
• Tools designed to drill over a drilled hole to enlarge its
diameter
• When connected above a pilot bit is called “hole opener”
• If run below a casing string to drill a larger hole is properly
called “under reamer”. It may have below a pilot bit or not.
• Can be of fixed arms with cones (hole openers) or of
expandable arms driven by the drilling fluid (hydraulic
under reamer)
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 103/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Hole Openers and Under Reamers
Hole Opener of Fixed Arms with Roller Cones
• Characteristics:
• Compact / rigid design
• Roller Cones are field replaceable
• Cutting structure can be milled tooth
cones or tungsten carbide inserts
• Nozzles changeable
• Sealed bearings
• Allows reaming and back reaming
• Usually with 4 or 6 cones concentric
with the pilot bit
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 104/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Hole Openers and Under Reamers
Hole Opener of Fixed Arms with Roller Cones
• Operational Guides:
• Should be run with pilot bit when used
for enlarging immediately the hole is
drilled or “bull nose” ahead to avoid
accidental side track of the well already
drilled
• Tool generally is of difficult operation.
Attention should be paid to proper BHA
design
• Special rough condition tool
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 105/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Hole Openers and Under Reamers
Hole Opener of fixed Arms with Roller Cones Ampliador de Insertos de Carburo
de Tungsteno (CTI)
Applications:
• Enlarging holes for running and setting conductor
pipe and large diameter surface casings
• Enlarging well bores having severe bit balling
problems and extremely reactive, instable
formations
Ampliador de Dientes (MT)
• Milled Tooth Cones mostly used in soft to
medium formations; Tungsten Carbide Inserts in
medium to hard formations
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 106/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Hole Openers and Under Reamers
Hole Opener of Expansible Arms with Cones
Description:
Tubular accessory with hydraulic activated piston that
pushes out retractable arms with roller cones to enlarge
a drilled hole or under ream enlarged hole below the
casing seat.
Hydraulic piston arm operating
mechanism
Hinge pin
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 109/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Hole Openers and Under Reamers
Hole Opener of Expansible Blades with PDC Cutters
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 110/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Hole Openers and Under Reamers
Cutter Housing
Interchangeable Top
Sub Piston with seals
Actuator Mandrel
Main Jet
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 111/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Hole Openers and Under Reamers
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 112/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Hole Openers and Under Reamers
Hole Opener of Expansible Blades with PDC Cutters
Applications:
• All Type of formations: soft, medium to hard
• Enlargement of hole below casing seat for
improving external gravel packing of slotted liners
• Enlarging of open hole below casing shoe for
installation of expandable liners
• Improve drainage radius and increase well
productivity
• Remove skin factor in old developed in previous
open hole completions
• Enlarge the pilot hole drilled with directional
assembly
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 113/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Hole Openers and Under Reamers
Under Reamer While Drilling
Description:
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 114/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Hole Openers and Under Reamers
Under Reamer While Drilling & Bi Center Bits
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 115/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Dog Sub
Tool Description and Application:
• Type of solid drag bit with
straight blades and cutting
structure of PDC and TSP
connected immediately above
the bit to ream and keep in
gauge formations extremely
hard and abrasive
• When the bit becomes under
gauge the DOG sub will cause
an increase in drilling torque
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 116/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Mud Motor / Down Hole Motor / Positive Displacement Motor, PDM
Tool Description:
• Tubular equipment connected directly to the bit which converts the
hydraulic energy of the drilling fluid pumped through the drilling string
into rotational power that turns the bit connected to the drive shaft
• The motor is formed by helical lobular rotor (made of polished steel)
installed inside a tubular barrel with the internal surface covered by
an elastomeric lobular surface
• The stator surface has one more lobe than the elastomeric surface on
the stator thus crating cavities through which the pumped fluid is
directed to turn the rotor and the bit attached to its end.
Drill Bit Drive Shaft Stator
Rotor
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 117/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Mud Motor / Down Hole Motor / Positive Displacement Motor, PDM
Components
Dump Valve (optional)
Transmission Assembly
Bearing Section
Rotating Shaft
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 118/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Mud Motor / Down Hole Motor / Positive Displacement Motor, PDM
Components:
Power Section
• Lobular Rotor & Stator
• The Rotor is a helical bar of polished steel with
lobules on its surface
• The Stator is actually a lobular surface made of
elastomeric coating the inner walls of a tubular
housing
• The number of lobes in both the rotor & stator
define the motor configuration
• The Mud Motor operates as an inverted Des
Moines pump (progressive cavity pump)
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 119/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Mud Motor / Down Hole Motor / Positive Displacement Motor, PDM
Components
Power Section – cont.
• Rotational Power of the motor depends on the
ratio of rotor to stator lobes (x : y)
• For instance, a 5:6 configuration indicates that
the rotor has 5 lobes while the stator has 6
• The higher the number of lobes in the
configuration, the higher the power and the
lower the rotating speed of rotor
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 120/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Mud Motor / Down Hole Motor / Positive Displacement Motor, PDM
Components
Thrust Bearings
Power Transmission Section
Drive Shaft
• Formed by the “universal connector” to attach
Adjustable Bent
the rotor to the drive shaft Housing Angle
(ABA)
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 121/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Mud Motor / Down Hole Motor / Positive Displacement Motor, PDM
Components
Stator
Adjustable Bent Housing Angle (ABA) Adapter
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 123/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Mud Motor / Down Hole Motor / Positive Displacement Motor, PDM
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 124/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Mud Motor / Down Hole Motor / Positive Displacement Motor, PDM
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 125/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Rotary Steering System – Power Drive / Vortex / PD Xceed
Description:
• A 3D fully steerable tool capable of
changing both the inclination and
azimuth of the well bore while
maintaining continuous drill string
rotation
• All external components rotate
with string RPM
• Sliding drilling in oriented mode is
not required to construct a deviated
well trajectory
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 126/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Rotary Steering System – Power Drive Xtra / PD Vortex / PD Xceed
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 127/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Rotary Steering System – Power Drive / Vortex / PD Xceed
Power Drive Vortex – Power Drive Xtra connected to a Mud Motor:
Uses “Push the bit” steering principle.
Bearings
Top Sub/Flex Power Section Straight Housing Filter PowerDrive Xtra
Bit
~60 ft
(PDX900)
Straight Motor with 7:8 GT HN234 Tool max O.D. (in)
Tool 11.00
Power Section Hole Size (in)
Hole 12-1/4 to 14-3/4
New Generation Motor Bearings Flow Rate (GPM)
Flow 600-1200
Temp. (Deg C)
Temp. 125
No E-Mag but working on “C-link”
PD + Motor length (ft)
PD 60
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 128/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Rotary Steering System – Power Drive / Vortex / PD Xceed
Power Drive Xceed – “Point the bit” system: Internal deflection of drive shaft
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 129/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Rotary Steering System – Power Drive / Vortex / PD Xceed
Power Drive Xceed – “Point the bit” system: Internal deflection of drive shaft
Configuration:
• 3 sections – Power Generation, Sensors/Control, Steering
• High reliability through:
– Proven MWD sensor and servo technology, 150oC rating
– All steering control in oil bath, no moving seals
– Designed to operate in abrasive environments
– Sensor package 12.8 ft from bit
• RT continuous TF, Inc. and Azi. allow improved control
• Capability to kick-off from vertical
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 130/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Rotary Steering System – Power Drive / Vortex / PD Xceed
Power Drive Xceed – “Point the bit” system: Internal deflection of drive shaft
Steering Operation:
• Collar supplies drilling torque directly to the bit shaft
• Bit shaft has a fixed offset from the axis of collar (eccentric)
• DC motor holds offset tool face geo-stationary by rotating at
collar rpm in the opposite direction
• Three points contact provides the steering tendency
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 131/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Rotary Steering System – Power Drive / Vortex / PD Xceed
Power Drive Xceed – “Point the bit” system: Internal deflection of drive shaft
Steering Modes:
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 132/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Turbines
Tool Description & Applications:
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 135/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Whipstock
Starting Mill
Setting Pin
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 136/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Whipstock
Whipstock Operation – Setting inside casing supported by sump packer
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 137/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Whipstock Accessories
Mills
Description and Applications:
• Drilling tool used to open windows or lateral exits
through out the casing with the guide of a whipstock
previously installed
• As most bit, mills have Regular pin up connection
• The cutting structure is formed by granular tungsten
carbide incrusted in a matrix of braze alloy on the
steel surface of the mill
• Shape, profile, and special features are designed
according to the application and operational needs
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 138/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Whipstock Accessories
Mills
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 139/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Miscellaneous Subs
UBHO: “Universal Bent Housing Orienting” Sub
• Connecting sub positioned in the BHA below the Non Magnetic Drill Collars
used as seating nipple for Directional Surveying tools (SS, EMS, MWD, etc)
• The sub has an internal rotating sleeve that is positioned with a guide key
oriented toward the scrubbed line on the “tool face” direction
• The sleeve is retained in place by grub screws tightened from outside of the sub
• The internal sleeve has a keyway that allows the survey instruments to seat
aligned in the direction of the “tool face”
BENT SUB
• Connecting sub built with the pin axis in an offset angle between ½° - 3° with
respect of the box axis
• The Bent Sub is connected on the top of a straight motor (ABA = 0°). Its curved
side is the “tool face” position for DD operations
• The “UBHO” run above the bent sub needs to be aligned to the tool face
ADOS
• Special sub built to allow ADN logging on the low side of the hole while
running the GST
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 140/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Miscellaneous Subs
UBHO Sub – Components:
Internal Sleeve Orienting Sub
Keyway oriented
toward the Tool Face
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 141/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Miscellaneous Subs
Circulating Sub
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 142/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Miscellaneous Subs
PBL Sub
• Multiple activating circulating sub which is
opened by a vinyl ball and closed by a steel ball
• The open/close sequence can be repeated up to
six times. This make the tool specially useful to
drill through zones with severe lost circulation
conditions
TIW Valve
• Surface stab-in safety valve must be available at
the rig floor with the required combination sub,
used to shut the well in. Single & Dual
Ball Check Valve
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 143/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Miscellaneous Subs
Dart sub
• Internal BOP activated by dropping a
dart which lands in a preinstalled sub
in the BHA
• The dart sub is a check valve that
prevents upward flow from the well
inside the drill string, while allowing
downward mud flow or pumping from
injectors.
• Features include high flow capacity,
long life and pressure ratings to
10,000 psi.
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 144/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Miscellaneous Subs
Float Valve
• Non return valve installed inside a
special bored sub or directly inside the
bore of the Bit Sub
• Its function is to prevent the flow reverse
from the annulus to the drill string thus
avoiding the plug in of bit nozzles or
surveying tools inside the drill string with
cutting and solids in the well
• It can be spring loaded cone seating on a
circular seat or flapper valve which
closes as soon the circulation through the
DP is stopped
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 145/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Miscellaneous Subs
Bit Sub
• Used to connect the bit to the Drill
Collar when there is no motor or
PowerDrive being used
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 146/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Measurement While Drilling, MWD
Tool Description:
• Specially designed telemetry system that record drilling and directional
parameters of well bore trajectory in the well bore while drilling and
transmits the coded information to surface via mud pressure pulses,
continuous waves or electromagnetic waves
• The MWD surveying tool is activated by the mud flow through the drill
pipe when pulsers, turbines or current induced activate accelerometers
and magnetometers that measures well bore inclination, direction and
tool face orientation
• Mud pressure pulses can be positive, negative, siren waves, or electro
magnetic waves
• The MWD tool is installed inside the UBHO with the proper orientation to
the tool face of the deviation device
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 147/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Measurement While Drilling, MWD
1. Impulse
2. Slimpulse
3. Power Pulse
2 3
1
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 148/149
2.1. Drill String Components
6. Other BHA Components & Accessories
• Drill Bit
Selection Parameters:
C. Alvarez Quartz School. Module 2: Drill String Design & BHA Selection / Section 1 149/149