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Lecture Notes 06
Lecture Notes 06
ax + by + cz = d
x x
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• ( ax )2 + ( yb )2 = 1 → ellipse
y
• hyperbola
y y
x x
( ax )2 − ( yb )2 = 1 ( yb )2 − ( ax )2 = 1
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Scaling and translating
• Scaling:
y y y
2 2 2
1 1 1
x x x
−2 −1 1 2 −2 −1 1 2 −2 −1 1 2
−1 −1 −1
−2 −2 −2
x 2 + y2 = 1 ( x2 )2 + y2 = 1 (2x)2 + y2 = 1
Dividing x by a means stretching the object by a factor
a along the x axis
• Translating:
y y
2 2
1 1
x x
−2 −1 1 2 −2 −1 1 2
−1 −1
−2 −2
x 2 + y2 = 1 (x − 1)2 + y2 = 1
Subtracting a from x means moving the object by a in
direction of the x-axis.
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Def: Given a plane curve in R3, a cylinder is a set of all
parallel lines through this curve.
1
x
4
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Example: z = y2 describes an parabolic cylinder
z
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Recall: x 2 + y2 + z 2 = r 2 defines a sphere of radius r.
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An ellipsoid is of the form ( ax )2 + ( yb )2 + ( zc )2 = 1.
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An cone is of the form ( zc )2 = ( ax )2 + ( yb )2.
z
radius
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An elliptic paraboloid is of the form z
c = ( ax )2 + ( yb )2.
radius
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An hyperboloid of one sheet is of the form
x y z
( )2 + ( )2 − ( )2 = 1.
a b c
z0
radius
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An hyperboloid of two sheets is of the form
( ax )2 + ( yb )2 = ( zc )2 − 1.
radius
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Example 1: What type of surface is z = x 2 + y2?
Solution: Intersections with shifted xy-plane is a sphere of
√
radius z ⇒ elliptic paraboloid.
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Example: Classify the surface given by
x 2 + 2z 2 − 6x − y + 4z + 11 = 0.
x
(3, 0, −1)
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