Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid

residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic
reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and
transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their
sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually
results in protein folding into a specific three-dimensional structure that determines its activity.

Protein is a macronutrient that is essential to building muscle mass. It is commonly found in

animal products, though is also present in other sources, such as nuts and legumes.

Proteins are long chains of amino acids that form the basis of all life. They are like machines that
make all living things, whether viruses, bacteria, butterflies, jellyfish, plants, or human function.

The human body consists of around 100 trillion cells. Each cell has thousands of different
proteins. Together, these cause each cell to do its job. The proteins are like tiny machines inside
the cell.

 Proteins are organic polymers composed of amino acids. Examples of proteins antibodies,
enzymes, hormones, and collagen.
 Proteins have numerous functions including structural support, storage of molecules, chemical
reaction facilitators, chemical messengers, transport of molecules, and muscle contraction.

Types of protein

We sometimes hear that there are three types of protein foods:

Complete proteins: These foods contain all the essential amino acids. They mostly occur in
animal foods, such as meat, dairy, and eggs.

Incomplete proteins: These foods contain at least one essential amino acid, so there is a lack of
balance in the proteins. Plant foods, such as peas, beans, and grains mostly contain incomplete
protein.

Complementary proteins: These refer to two or more foods containing incomplete proteins that
people can combine to supply complete protein. Examples include rice and beans or bread with
peanut butter.

There are two general classes of protein molecules: globular proteins and fibrous proteins.
Globular proteins are generally compact, soluble, and spherical in shape. Fibrous proteins are
typically elongated and insoluble. Globular and fibrous proteins may exhibit one or more of four
types of protein structure. The four structure types are primary, secondary, tertiary, and
quaternary structure.
A protein's structure determines its function. For instance, structural proteins such as collagen
and keratin are fibrous and stringy. Globular proteins like hemoglobin, on the other hand, are
folded and compact. Hemoglobin, found in red blood cells, is an iron-containing protein that
binds oxygen molecules. Its compact structure is ideal for traveling through narrow blood
vessels.

Protein Synthesis

Proteins are synthesized in the body through a process called translation. Translation occurs in
the cytoplasm and involves the rendering of genetic codes that are assembled during DNA
transcription into proteins. Cell structures called ribosomes help translate these genetic codes
into polypeptide chains. The polypeptide chains undergo several modifications before becoming
fully functioning proteins.

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid
residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic
reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and
transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their
sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually
results in protein folding into a specific three-dimensional structure that determines its activity.