How is heat transferred?

Conduction -
Convection - Radiation

What is Heat?
All matter is made up of molecules and atoms. These atoms are always in different types of motion
(translation, rotational, vibrational). The motion of atoms and molecules creates heat or thermal
energy. All matter has this thermal energy. The more motion the atoms or molecules have the more
heat or thermal energy they will have.

The above is a flash file (requires Flash) made from a short molecular
dynamics simulation of water. The green lines represent hydrogen bonds between oxygen and
hydrogen. Notice the tight structure of water (works best with Chrome).
It is still possible to see all the motions the waters molecules have.
What is temperature?
From the video above that shows movement of atoms and molecules it can be seen that some move
faster than others. Temperature is an average value of energy for all the atoms and molecules in a
given system. Temperature is independent of how much matter there is in the system. It is simply an
average of the energy in the system.
How is heat transferred?
Heat can travel from one place to another in three ways: Conduction, Convection and Radiation.
Both conduction and convection require matter to transfer heat.
If there is a temperature difference between two systems heat will always find a way to transfer from
the higher to lower system.
CONDUCTION--
Conduction is the transfer of heat between substances that are in direct contact with each other. The
better the conductor, the more rapidly heat will be transferred. Metal is a good conduction of heat.
Conduction occurs when a substance is heated, particles will gain more energy, and vibrate more.
These molecules then bump into nearby particles and transfer some of their energy to them. This
then continues and passes the energy from the hot end down to the colder end of the substance.
CONVECTION--
Thermal energy is transferred from hot places to cold places by convection. Convection occurs when
warmer areas of a liquid or gas rise to cooler areas in the liquid or gas. Cooler liquid or gas then
takes the place of the warmer areas which have risen higher. This results in a continous circulation
pattern. Water boiling in a pan is a good example of these convection currents. Another good
example of convection is in the atmosphere. The earth's surface is warmed by the sun, the warm air
rises and cool air moves in.
RADIATION--
Radiation is a method of heat transfer that does not rely upon any contact between the heat source
and the heated object as is the case with conduction and convection. Heat can be transmitted
through empty space by thermal radiation often called infrared radiation. This is a
type electromagnetic radiation . No mass is exchanged and no medium is required in the process of
radiation. Examples of radiation is the heat from the sun, or heat released from the filament of a light
bulb.

SOURCES AND READERS CHOICES --

Heat and Temperature from Cool Cosmo -- NASA
Here is a good applet to show motion in molecules -- you can control the temperature and see in this
applet how to movements of the molecules change.
Look at this picture and describe each

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Lesson Plan in Science IV

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LESSON
PLAN IN
SCIENCE IV
I.
OBJECTIVEI
dentify the
ways/method
s of heat
transfer
II.SUBJE
CT MATT
ER
:Heat Transfe
rBEC
Hand oo! in
S"ien"e #$%
&$ '(Sam&)e
Lesson
P)anS"ien"e
for dai)y
*se && '#+,'#-
.ash"ards
&i"t0res
"hart
III.PROC
EDURES;
A$
Science
Updates
B$
Review:
heat
C.Unlocking of
Di culties:
ener1y
heat
radiation "on
d0"tion
"on2e"tion
D.Motivation:
Loo! at this
&i"t0re and
des"ri e ea"h
E.Presentatio
n: Activit !
3ead the
senten"es
e)ow and
identify the
methods
ofheat transfe
r$
1.Hot coffee
is stirred with a
spoon, the spoon
gets hot due
toconduction.Expl
anation: The
coffee is
transferring heat
by touching the
spoon.
2. A chair is placed
several feet fro a
fire in a fireplace.
The fireplace has a
glass screen.
Theside of the
chair facing the
fireplace gets
war because
ofradiation.Explan
ation: !ire puts off
heat through
radiation.". A
certain type
of decorative la p
contains colored
li#uids. These
li#uids for globs
that brea$ off and
rise to the top of
the li#uid.
The globs rise due
toconvection.Expl
anation: The hot
globs rise because
they are less
dense than the
cold globs.
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%. &ear the ceiling
of a roo the air is
war er. The war
air rises because
ofconvection.Expl
anation: The hot
air is less dense,
so it rises. The
cold air sin$s
because it is
oredense.'. (n a
swi ing pool, the
water near the
surface is slightly
war er. The war
water
rises because
ofconvection Expl
anation: )ar
water is less
dense, so it rises
 Activity 2
(Workshe
ets)
3ead the
senten"es
e)ow and
identify the
methods
ofheat transfe
r$
1. A heater is
placed under
one corner of
a water bed
attress. )ar
water oves
throughoutthe
attress because
ofconvection.Expl
anation: The hot
water is less dense
so it rises, but it
sin$s when it
grows cold.
(tcontinues oving
throughout as it
heats and
free*es.2.
A certain type of
stainless steel
coo$ware has a
layer of copper
applied to the
botto to help
itheat evenly. The
copper transfers
heat to the pan
byconduction.Expl
anation: The
copper is directly
touching and
heating the pan.".
A college student
holds the bac$ of
his hand near an
iron to see if it is
hot. Heat is
transferredto his
hand
byradiation.Explan
ation: The heat
radiates off of the
iron onto the
student+s hand.%.
ne end of
a copper rod is
placed in a fla e of
a -unsen burner.
all pieces of wax
placedalong the
rod elt at
progressively
larger distance
fro the fla e.
Heat is transferred
throughthe rod
byconduction.Expl
anation: The fla e
is directly
touching the rod.'.
A house burns
down. n the
house across the
street, all of the
vinyl siding is
twisted
andwarped by the
heat. The heat
was transferred
across the street
byradiation.Explan
ation: !ire radiates
heat.
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A"ti2ity
4Identify the
method of
heat transfer
ein1 shown
in the&i"t0re
Generaliza
tion
Identify the
methods of
heat transfer
ein1
des"ri ed e)
ow$
1.
Conductio
n;
 Heat is
ein1
transferred
etween
twoso)ids$
2.
Convectio
n
5 Heat is
ein1 "arried
thro01h a 1as
in"0rrents
aro0nd the
room $
4.Ra diatio
n
5 Ener1y
from the
S0n is ein1
transferredthr
o01h s&a"e
toward Earth$
Applicatio
n:

3ead the
sit0ation and
des"ri e how
the
heattransfer
to e2ery
sit0ation$'$6o
0 a""identa))y
hit the &an$
It was
&ainf0)$%$ T
he "and)e
near the
0rner
me)ted$4$Aft
er .a1
"eremony
yo0 noti"ed
yo0r hair was
warm$#$Ther
e was no
e)e"tri"ity$
6o0r room is
2ery
hot$7$The
marshma))ow
in the s!ewer
me)ted$
IV.Eva u
ation!
Identify the
ways/method
s of heat
transfer'$Addi
n1 hot water
to yo0r
ath water%
$*sin1 "0r)in1
iron to "0r)
yo0r
hair4$Ba!in1
a "a!e inside
the
o2en#$B0tter
me)tin1 on
warm &an"a!
es7$The s0n
warmin1 the
s0rfa"e of the
ro"!
V.A""i#n
$ent!
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