DIADEN – General

Link between Diarrhea and Dengue: Fecal

contamination and dengue mosquito production in
household water containers in Southeast Asia
Hans Overgaard
NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
DIADEN

CONTENTS
 Project background
 Conceptual framework
 Questions and Hypotheses
 Objectives
 Outputs
 Dissemination of results
 Communication to users
 Partners and participants
 Project Organization

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BACKGROUND 2
DIADEN
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 Poor public health Effect
(high morbidity and mortality)

Cause

Dengue fever Diarrheal diseases

Adverse
Poor
impacts of High mosquito Nutrients for mosquito larvae
immunity &
temperature & density
health status Dashed bold border:
rainfall Main focal problem

Poor
Contaminated water Dotted bold border:
immunity &
(pathogen load) Secondary focal
health status problem

Poor Inadequate sanitation Poor hygiene

Poor community Poor household
mosquito and waste (e.g. hand
participation water management
control management washing)

Poor storage Poor

Animal Poor water Poor water
Poor solid waste Open Open practices and domestic
feaces collection transport
disposal sewers defecation bad water use
present practices practices
containers practices

Poor political will & initiative Economical constraints Lack of knowledge, poor education in community
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DIADEN

QUESTIONS
1. How is household water collected, transported, stored
and used?
2. Is contaminated household water a major determinant
for diarrheal infections?
3. How does piped water and container lids affect fecal
contamination and dengue mosquito production?
4. Which preventive practices exist?
5. Are the key container types of importance for adult
Aedes aegypti emergence used as drinking water
containers?
6. Does microbially contaminated drinking water increase
production of Ae. aegypti and in larger mosquitoes?

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DIADEN

HYPOTHESES
1. Bacterial contamination of household water occurs
during collection, transport, and handling of water.
2. Stored household water constitutes a significant risk for
diarrheal infections.
3. Ae. aegypti commonly breeds in household drinking
water containers.
4. Piped water availability reduce contamination of stored
water and breeding of Ae. aegypti.
5. Covered household water containers reduce water
contamination and mosquito breeding.
6. Increased microbial contamination in household
drinking water containers increase production of Ae.
aegypti and result in larger mosquitoes.
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OBJECTIVES
 Long-term goal
Increased understanding of relationship between causes
of diarrheal disease and dengue fever for potential
development of integrated disease control strategies.
 Specific objectives (project purpose)
Assess health risks associated with household water
storage by identifying relationships between household
water management, contaminated drinking water, and
Aedes aegypti production in household water storage
containers.

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OUTPUTS
1. Household water management practices in selected
study communities identified;
2. Key container types identified from which the majority
of Aedes aegypti emerge;
3. Total coliforms and E. coli detected and quantified in
water stored in domestic containers;
4. Relationship between coliform contamination of drinking
water and mosquito production in household storage
containers identified and quantified.

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DISSEMINATION OF RESULTS
 Presentations at national and international conferences
 Published in international, peer-reviewed journals
1. Dengue fever and diarrhea diseases: a review of potential relationships.
2. Effects of fecal contamination of drinking water on Aedes aegypti larval performance.
3. Fecal contamination of drinking water storage containers and dengue vector breeding in
Tailand and Laos.
4. Water management practices in Thailand and Laos.
5. Options for integrated control of diarrheal diseases and dengue fever in Southeast Asia.

 Popular scientific publications (newspaper articles,

scientific magazines, internet, etc)
 International final project workshop
 Dissemination of results to local governmental levels,
NGO's, and communities

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 COMMUNICATION TO USERS
User group Project involvement
Local households Household participation in
information delivery on
water practices and health
information.
NGO’s Collaboration and Joint meetings and
cooperation with NGO’s workshops.
who undertake health
surveys and interventions in
southern .
Local government officials Anchor activities locally.
Secure local institutional
support. Assist in research-
related activities, e.g. data
collection and compilation.
Government officials Help to coordinate activities
on central and local levels.
Distribute new knowledge
to decision- and policy-
makers..
Research community Scientists contribute to
(institutes, universities) research design, data
collection, experiments, and
publications. PhD and
Master students.
Communication activity Impact of project
/ info channnels results /use of results
Community meetings with Awareness raising;
villagers, village heads, improved water
health volunteers, management practices;
community resource reduced disease incidence.
groups, etc.
Improved knowledge of
disease causes and origins,
water management
practices, etc.
Joint meetings and Disseminate knowledge.
workshops. Capacity building.
Joint meetings and Capacity building. Influence
workshops. E-mail decision makers to put new
correspondance. National knowledge into practice
and international
conferences.
Joint meetings and New knowledge. Capacity
workshops. E-mail building. Masters’ and PhD
correspondance. National theses.
and international
12
conferences.
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PROJECT PARTNERS AND PARTICIPANTS

1. Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB)
• Hans Overgaard, Project leader, supervisor
• Thor Axel Stenström, Project leader, supervisor
• Nsa Eyo Dada, PhD student

2. Ministry of Health, Laos (MoH)

• Sibounhom Archkawongs, Director of Division of Prevention and Hygiene
• Nanthasan Vannavong, Epidemiologist, Provincial Health Office, Champasak

3. Vientiane Water Supply Company, Laos (VWSC)

• Sisamone Kongmany, Coordinator

4. Kasetsart University, Thailand (KU)

• Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap, Professor in Medical Entomology

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PROJECT ORGANISATION

Project component Thailand Laos

Management UMB UMB

Coordination UMB and KU UMB and VWSC

Implementation
KU MoH
(field work, etc)

Laboratory experiments KU Not carried out

Student supervision and

UMB and KU UMB and KU
training

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