General Biology 2017

Content A B) similar in function, but of

1. Science of Biology different basic structure
2. Nature of Molecules C) all shown in the fossil record
3. Chemical Building Block of Life D) all produced by the same gene
5. When it was shown that animals could
4. Origin and Early History of Life
reproduce geometrically but didn't, Darwin
5. Cell Structure
concluded that
A) the mathematics was faulty
B) the study from which the
PART I conclusions were drawn was flawed
C) they failed to reach their
I. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the
correct answer. potential because of the selective action of
nature
1. In the study of science
D) they actually reproduce
A) deductive reasoning may be
used, but inductive reasoning is preferred arithmetically
B) inductive reasoning may be
6. Darwin spent 5 years sailing around the world
used, but deductive reasoning is preferred
C) only inductive reasoning is used on the
A) H.M.S. Species
D) either deductive reasoning,
B) H.M.S. Beagle
inductive reasoning, or both may be used
C) H.M.S. Evolution
2. A successful scientific experiment will result
D) H.M.S. Tortoise
only in
A) rejection of one or more
hypotheses 7. Darwin explained his theory of evolution in a
book called
B) proving a hypothesis
A) On the Origin of Species
C) accepting many hypotheses
B) The Principles of Population
D) confirming predictions
C) Survival of the Fittest
3. The "scientific method" involves all of the
D) Around the World in 80 Days
following except
8. Which of the following is not part of the
A) imagination and insight
scientific process?
B) an educated guess
A) making predictions
C) a rigid set of logical steps
B) asking questions
D) a suspicion of what the truth
might be C) using creative insight
D) proving theories are true
4. Homologous structures among animals
9. The study of the way individual traits are
provide evidence for evolution in that these
structures are transmitted from one generation to the next is
called
A) different in different animals,
A) ecology
but are modifications of the same basic
structure B) genetics
C) cell biology
D) homology
 General Biology 2017

E) analogy 15. Which of the following pairs are analogous

10. Which of the following did not help Darwin structures
formulate his theory of evolution? A) the front leg of a horse and a
A) fossil evidence that species had human arm
changed over time B) the front leg of a frog and a bat
B) closely related species on wing
oceanic islands C) the wing of a bird and a bat
C) belief that the earth was wing
several thousand years old D) the front flipper of a porpoise
D) evidence of artificial selection in and a human arm
domestic animals E) the wing of a bird and a
E) all of the above did help Darwin butterfly wing
11. Structures that have the same evolutionary
origin even though they may now have different 16. How old was Darwin when he began his
structures or functions are said to be voyage around the world?
A) endemic A) 5
B) analogous B) 22
C) homologous C) 30
D) immutable D) 59
E) geometric E) 59
12. Where did Darwin observe closely related
species of finches and closely related species of
tortorises? 17. According to the fossil record, how many
A) The Galapagos Islands times has flight evolved among vertebrates?
B) Patagonia, South America A) 1
C) the Cape Verde Island B) 2
D) Australia C) 3
E) England D) 4
13. Who wrote an essay on population growth E) 5
that helped Darwin formulate his theory of
evolution? 18. Of the following biological levels of
A) Charles Lyell organization, which represents the smallest or
B) Eratosthenes lowest level?
C) Alfred Russel Wallace A) organs
D) Thomas Malthus B) populations
E) Karl Popper C) cells
14. Using general principles to analyze specific D) organisms
cases is called E) tissues
A) deductive reasoning
B) inductive reasoning 19. According to Darwin's theory of evolution
C) natural selection A) all individuals have an equal
D) artificial selection chance of surviving and reproducing
 General Biology 2017

B) species are immutable

C) tortoises are the modern 23. Scientists seek facts, but sometimes the
descendents of glyptodonts best they can do are theories.
D) all of the above A) True
E) none of the above B) False

20. You are conducting an experiment to test 24. Homologous structures in different species
the hypothesis that dairy cows will give more may serve different functions.
milk if they listen to classical music while being A) True
milked. Your 20 experimental cows listen to B) False
classical music during milking; you collect all
their milk and measure how much there is. Your 25. Prior to the 19th century, most biologists
20 control cows should have all experimental believed that organisms living at that time were
conditions identical to the experimental cows fixed entities that were divinely created.
except A) True
A) they should listen to classical B) False
music at a louder volume
B) they should listen to classical 26. Deductive reasoning
music all the time, not just during milking A) is always correct
C) they should listen to a different B) uses specific observations to
type of music, like heavy metal draw more general conclusions.
D) they should not listen to any C) is rarely applied in science
music D) applies general principles to
E) they should not be milked predict or explain specific results
E) determines principles from
observations
21. Which of the following statements
concerning scientific hypotheses is false? 27. Which of the following is not a property of
A) Their consequences can be life?
tested by different investigators. A) molding or adapting to one's
B) They can be used to make environment
predictions. B) regulating materials that enter
C) They are not always correct. or leave the system
D) They are the same as theories. C) responding to stimuli
E) They are constructed based on D) maintaining a relatively
observations. constant internal condition
E) reproducing, passing hereditary
22. Science is based on evidence rather than material to the next generation
consensus.
A) True
B) False
 General Biology 2017

28. Evolution and natural selection are the

same thing.
A) True
B) False

29. All of the evidence gathered by Darwin to

support his theory of evolution by natural
selection
A) was gathered based solely on
observations made during his trip to the
Galapagos Islands
B) was first presented in a book by
Charles Lyell
C) was gathered from
observations made by Darwin and from
information presented by others
D) was presented in his book Essay
on the Principle of Population
E) included an explanation of how
traits can be passed from generation to
generation
 General Biology 2017

B) protons
PART II C) neutrons
D) positrons
1. Which of the pHs listed below represents the
strongest base?
A) 7 6. Which of the following pH values represents
B) 10
the greatest concentration of H+ ions?
C) 13
A) 4
D) 15 B) 10
C) 2
D) 7
2. Covalent bonds result from
E) 12
A) the sharing of equal numbers of
electrons by two atoms
7. Which of the following pH values represents
B) the exchange of equal numbers
the strongest acid?
of electrons by two atoms
A) 4
C) the combination of two atoms
B) 10
of the same valence
C) 2
D) sharing of unequal numbers of
D) 7
electrons by two atoms
E) 12
8. Of the following elements, which is the least
common in living organisms?
3. An element having 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and
A) sodium
8 electrons would weigh _____ daltons.
B) oxygen
A) 8 C) hydrogen
B) 32
D) nitrogen
C) 24
E) carbon
D) 16

9. In ionic bonds,
4. If a radioactive element weighing one Kg. has
A) electrons are shared unequally
a half-life of 100 years, it will weigh _____
between atoms
grams in 300 years.
B) electrons are shared equally
A) 500
between atoms
B) 300
C) neutrons are transferred
C) 125
between atoms
D) 250
D) protons are shared equally
between atoms
E) electrons are transferred
5. Atomic number is equal to the number of
between atoms
_____ in the nucleus of the atom.
A) electrons
 General Biology 2017

10. Carbon-14 has a half-life of approximately B) gain neutrons

A) 5600 years C) lose electrons
B) 5600 days D) lose carbon
C) 5600 centuries E) are converted to oxygen atoms
D) 600 years
E) 5000 years
15. Dmitri Mendeleev
A) created the periodic table
11. The chemical properties of an atom are B) discovered the first known
primarily determined by the number of isotopes
A) neutrons it has in its nucleus C) carried out the first oxidation
B) isotopes it forms reaction
C) protons it has in its nucleus D) developed the pH scale
D) energy levels it has E) discovered the structure of
E) electrons it has in its outermost atoms
energy level

16. The maximum number of electrons that can

12. Hydrophobic interactions are exhibited be held in the K and L energy levels are
by A) 2 and 4, respectively
A) ions B) 8 and 6, respectively
B) hydration shells C) 4 and 8, respectively
C) polar molecules D) 2 and 8, respectively
D) nonpolar molecules E) 4 and 16, respectively
E) all of the above

17. Potassium has an atomic number of 19.

13. Which of the following statements about How many electrons are in the outermost
water is false? energy level of a neutral potassium atom?
A) water molecules are polar A) 1
B) it takes very little heat to B) 2
change the temperature of water C) 3
C) all living organisms contain D) 4
water E) 5
D) ice is less dense than liquid
water
E) none; all these statements are 18. Which of the following pairs list atoms with
true the same chemical properties?
A) 12C and 13C
B) 8O and 16S
14. During oxidation, molecules C) 10Ne and 18Ar
A) disintegrate D) all of the above
 General Biology 2017

E) none of the above

23. Hydrogen bonds form when hydrogen in
one polar molecule is attracted to the
19. Which of the following statements about electronegative portion of another molecule.
orbitals is true? A) True
A) All orbitals have the same B) False
shape.
B) Orbitals pinpoint the exact
location of electrons. 24. Whether an atom will form an ionic bond or
C) s orbitals are dumbbell-shaped a covalent bond is primarily determined by the
D) the K energy level contains both difference between its atomic weight and its
s and p orbitals atomic number.
E) none of the above A) True
B) False

20. Bases 25. Hydrogen bonding between water

A) donate H+ ions to solutions molecules is directly responsible for the fact
B) accept H+ ions from solutions that ice is less dense than water at 0 degree C.
C) accept OH- from solutions A) True
D) both b and c B) False

21. Hydrophilic substances are 26. The properties of water are due to the
________________, whereas hydrophobic polarity of the water molecule.
substances are _____________. A) True
A) water-loving; water-fearing B) False
B) polar; non-polar
C) soluble in water; soluble in lipid
D) a-c are all are correct 27. Which of the following do not have the
E) a-c are all are incorrect same number of protons and neutrons?
A) Carbon-14
B) Carbon-12
22. The strongest and most stable chemical C) Deuterium
bonds are D) Oxygen-16
A) covalent bonds
B) ionic bonds
C) hydrogen bonds 28. Isotopes differ in
D) those where free electrons are A) their number of protons
available to form other bonds B) their number of electrons
E) polar bonds C) their number of neutrons
D) their ions
 General Biology 2017

E) their atomic numbers C) electrons and neutrons

D) protons and neutrons
29. How many electrons does an atom have if E) nuclei
all of its electron orbitals are full in levels K and
L?
A) 4 electrons 34. Consider elements with the atomic numbers
B) 6 electrons listed below. Assuming the atoms were neutral,
C) 7 electrons which of them would be least chemically
D) 10 electrons reactive?
E) 12 electrons A) 1
B) 8
C) 16
30. Electrons farther out from the nucleus D) 4
A) are at a higher energy level E) 10
than those that are closer to the nucleus
B) absorb energy as they move 35. The greater the energy of an electron,
closer to the nucleus A) the closer it orbits to the
C) are at a lower energy level than nucleus
those that are closer to the nucleus B) the farther it orbits from the
D) both b and c nucleus
C) the greater the number of
other electrons that can share its orbital
31. Which chemical bond is the strongest? D) the more likely it is to be
A) ionic bond transferred rather than shared
B) single covalent bond
C) double covalent bond
D) hydrogen bond

32. Two isotopes of the same element differ in

their number of
A) protons
B) neutrons
C) electrons
D) energy levels
E) bonds
PART III
1. If you remove all of the functional groups
from an organic molecule so that it has only
carbon and hydrogen atoms, the molecule
33. The atomic mass of an element is
becomes a _____ molecule.
determined by its total number of
A) carbohydrate
A) orbitals
B) carbonyl
B) electrons and protons
 General Biology 2017

C) carboxyl
D) hydrocarbon
7. Which of the following is not a lipid?
A) chitin
2. All of the following are true of protein B) terpenes
denaturation except that it C) steroids
A) is a shape change D) prostaglandins
B) is always irreversible E) unsaturated fat
C) may be caused by a pH change
D) could result from a
temperature change 8. Glucose is a
A) protein
B) disaccharide
3. There are several levels of protein structure, C) nucleic acid
the most complex of which is D) monosaccharide
A) primary E) starch
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary 9. Double helix describes the structure of a
molecule of
4. Nucleic acids are chains of 5-carbon sugars A) protein
linked by ____ bonds with an organic base B) disaccharide
protruding from each sugar. C) starch
A) amino D) monosaccharide
B) phosphodiester E) DNA
C) carboxyl
D) phosphate
10. Triacylglycerol contains fatty acids and
5. With respect to galactose, glucose is A) glucose
A) a stereoisomer B) glycogen
B) a structural isomer C) glycerol
C) not an isomer D) guanine
D) unrelated except that they are E) an amino group
both sugars

11. Animals store glucose in the form of

6. The functional group - NH2 is a(n) A) amylose
A) carboxyl group B) glycogen
B) amino group C) glycerol
C) hydroxyl group D) guanine
D) phosphate group E) cellulose
E) carbonyl group
 General Biology 2017

17. In a DNA molecule, what holds together

12. What is the yield of chemical energy, on nitrogenous bases from the two polymer
average, for every gram of carbohydrate and chains?
every gram of fat that is utilized? A) phosphodiester bonds
A) 4 kcal each B) ionic bonds
B) 9 kcal each C) covalent bonds
C) 4 kcal and 9 kcal, respectively D) peptide bonds
D) 9 kcal and 4 kcal, respectively E) hydrogen bonds
E) 40 kcal and 90 kcal, respectively
18. Assuming they all had the same number of
carbon atoms, which of the following has the
13. In the formation of a macromolecule, what most C-H bonds?
type of bond would join two amino acid A) an unsaturated fat
subunits? B) a polyunsaturated fat
A) ionic bond C) a polysaccharide
B) phosphodiester bond D) a saturated fat
C) hydrogen bond
D) peptide bond 19. Why is cellulose so difficult for most animals
to digest?
A) they don't have the proper
14. In the formation of a macromolecule, what enzyme to break the bonds between subunits
type of reaction would join two subunits B) cellulose is made up of chitin,
together? which is indigestible
A) hydrophobic reaction C) the bonds holding cellulose
B) hydrolysis reaction subunits together are extremely strong,
C) dehydration reaction stronger than in any other macromolecule
D) denaturation reaction D) there are many hydrogen bonds
holding the subunits together
15. The sequence of amino acids in a
polypeptide is called the
A) primary structure 20. What happens during a hydrolysis reaction?
B) secondary structure A) protein coils into its secondary
C) tertiary structure structure
D) quaternary structure B) the bond between two subunits
of a macromolecule is broken
C) saturated fats become
16. The globular shape of a protein is called the unsaturated
A) primary structure D) a bond is formed between two
B) secondary structure subunits of a macromolecule
C) tertiary structure E) water breaks ionic bonds
D) quaternary structure
 General Biology 2017

21. Which of the following is not a E) uracil

disaccharide?
A) sucrose
B) maltose 26. What type of macromolecule carries out
C) lactose catalysis in biological systems?
D) amylose A) proteins called enzymes
E) all of the above are disaccarides B) carbohydrates called starches
C) lipids called steroids
D) nucleic acids called DNA
22. The general term for a large molecule made E) carbohydrates called sugars
up of many similar subunits is
A) polymer
B) functional group 27. In nucleic acids, the purine nitrogenous
C) peptide bases are
D) helix A) uracil and thymine
E) pectin B) cytosine and guanine
C) thymine and cytosine
D) adenine and guanine
23. Dehydration and hydrolysis reactions E) guanine and thymine
involve removing or adding _______________
to macromolecule subunits.
A) C and O 28. In proteins, elements of secondary structure
B) CH and NH2 combine to form a(n)
C) C and H A) domain
D) COOH and H B) motif
E) OH and H C) alpha helix
D) beta sheet
E) chaperone
24. The empirical formula for carbohydrates is
A) (CHO)2
B) (CH20)n 29. Molecules that have the same chemical
C) 2(CHO)n formula but have different molecular structures
D) (C2HO)n are called
E) (CnHnOn)2 A) isotopes
B) ions
C) structural isotopes
25. Which of the following nitrogenous bases is D) isomers
found in DNA but is not found in RNA? E) both a and c
A) adenine
B) guanine
C) cytosine 30. A hydrocarbon is said to be saturated if:
D) thymine
 General Biology 2017

A) one end of the molecule is B) They may form either long, thin
hydrophilic while the other end is hydrophobic. fibrous molecules or compact, rounded globular
B) it has one or more double molecules.
bonds between carbon atoms. C) They store genetic information
C) it contains more than one for cellular metabolism.
functional group. D) They form through hydrolysis
D) each internal carbon atom is reactions.
covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms. E) a and b
E) its functional groups include at
least one aromatic ring.
34

31. At what level(s) of protein structure would Amino acids and proteins are ionized at typical
you expect to find disulfide bridges? biological pH such that both the amino group
A) primary and the carboxyl group gain hydrogen ions to
B) secondary become -NH3+ and -COOH, respectively.
C) tertiary A) True
D) quaternary B) False
E) only in b and c

35
32. Polymerization reactions in which
polysaccharides are synthesized from A protein with quaternary structure contains
monosaccharides or proteins are synthesized four domains.
from amino acids: A) True
A) result in the formation of B) False
water.
B) are hydrolysis reactions.
C) release energy. 36. Both glycoside and peptide linkages result
D) result in the formation of from dehydration synthesis.
covalent bonds between monomers called A) True
peptide bonds. B) False
E) all of the above.

37. Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are all

33 polymers of glucose.
A) True
Which of the following is a characteristic of B) False
proteins?
A) Some may enhance the rate of
specific chemical reactions.
 General Biology 2017

38. Hydrolysis of one molecule of a triglyceride 43. Molecular chaperones

to glycerol and fatty acids yields two molecules A) are found in the nucleus and aid
of water. in folding of DNA
A) True B) degrade proteins that have
B) False folded incorrectly
C) help new proteins fold correctly
and repair incorrectly folded proteins
39. Which element occurs in nucleic acids? D) are only present in cells that are
A) calcium exposed to high temperatures
B) phosphorus E) work through hydrophobic
C) manganese interactions
D) sulfur
E) iron

40. The group of molecules called nucleotides

contain:
A) phosphate groups.
B) pyrimidines.
C) purines.
D) pentose (a 5-carbon sugar).
E) all of the above.

41. Nucleotides have a nitrogenous base

attached to a sugar at the:
A) 1' carbon
B) 2' carbon
C) 3' carbon
D) 4' carbon
E) 5' carbon

42. The two strands of a DNA double helix are

held together by:
A) ionic bonds.
B) hydrogen bonds.
C) nonpolar covalent bonds.
D) polar covalent bonds.
E) hydrophobic exclusions.
 General Biology 2017

6. Which of the following organisms alive today

PART IV is likely to be most similar to the first life forms
1. The site of life's origin is that evolved on the earth?
A) the ocean's edge
A) methane-producing bacteria
B) unknown
B) cyanobacteria
C) under frozen oceans C) algae
D) near deep-sea vents
D) dinosaurs
E) humans

2. The earliest cellular life forms appear to have

been
7.Which of the following gases is least likely to
A) viruses
have existed in the early atmosphere of the
B) one-celled plants
earth?
C) one-celled animals
A) NH3
D) bacteria
B) CO2
C) N2
D) H2O
3. Life on earth is carbon based. Similar
E) O2
molecules could be formed with
A) potassium
B) aluminum
8. How old is the earth?
C) iron A) 4.6 billion years old
D) silicon
B) 3.5 billion years old
C) 2.5 billion years old
D) 1.5 billion years old
4. Scientists generally agree that the first
E) 0.5 billion years old
molecules formed as life evolved were
A) proteins
B) RNA
9. How long did the earth exist before life
C) peptides and nucleic acids
appeared on it?
D) none of the above
A) 4.5 billion years
B) 2.7 billion years
C) 1 billion years
5. Of the following, ____ was not contained in
D) 1 million years
the Miller-Urey original mixture.
E) 3 thousand years
A) water
B) nitrogen
C) hydrogen
10. Which of the following was not a source of
D) phosphorus
energy on the early earth?
A) lightning
B) ozone
C) ultraviolet radiation
 General Biology 2017

D) volcanic eruptions C) multicellularity

E) all of the above were a source D) photosynthesis
of energy E) heredity

11. How long have bacteria lived on the earth? 16. Approximately what percentage of today's
A) 4.5 billion years atmosphere is oxygen?
B) 3.5 billion years A) 21%
C) 2.5 billion years B) 73%
D) 1.5 billion years C) 1%
D) 50%
E) 13%
12. Within our own solar system, the most likely
candidate for having life on it is
A) our moon 17. What gas in today's atmosphere shields us
B) Jupiter from ultraviolet radiation?
C) Venus A) ozone
D) the sun B) nitrogen
E) Europa, a moon of Jupiter C) oxygen
D) carbon dioxide
E) carbon monoxide
13. The oldest fossils found so far date back to
the
A) Cambrian Period 18. Miller and Urey's experiments proved that
B) Archean Era A) life evolved on earth from
C) Phanerozoic Era inanimate chemicals
D) Proterozoic Era B) coacervates were the first type
of protocells
C) complex organic molecules can
14. Multicellular fossils appear at the beginning form spontaneously under conditions that
of the probably existed on the early earth
A) Proterozoic Era D) RNA can act as an enzyme and
B) Precambrian Period assemble new RNA molecules from RNA
C) Archean Era templates
D) Phanerozoic Era E) bacteria were the first type of
E) Cambrian Period living organism to appear on the earth

15. Which of the following traits evolved last 19. Which of the following is not a characteristic
(i.e., most recently)? of all living organisms?
A) prokaryotic cells A) reproduction
B) eukaryotic cells B) heredity
 General Biology 2017

C) metabolism
D) movement from place to place
E) all of the above are 24. All of the following have been proposed as a
characteristics of all living organisms type of protocell except
A) coacervates
B) microspheres
20. Which of the following is not found in a lipid C) endosymbionts
coacervate droplet or a proteinoid D) micelles
microsphere? E) protobionts
A) the ability to grow
B) a nucleus
C) a two-layer boundary 25. According to the scientific theory of the
D) division by pinching in two origin of life on earth, life arose spontaneously
E) the ability to carry out chemical from inanimate chemicals. Do scientists think
reactions this process is still going on on our planet
today?
A) yes, it probably is
21. The Miller-Urey experiments yielded B) no, because conditions on earth
A) urea have changed and are no longer conducive to
B) hydrogen cyanide spontaneous evolution of life
C) amino acids
D) all of the above
E) none of the above 26. Which of the following criteria is necessary
and sufficient by itself to define life?
A) movement
22. What did Miller and Urey use as a source of B) sensitivity
energy in their experiments? C) complexity
A) actual lightning D) all of the above
B) UV light E) none of the above
C) an electrical spark
D) radioactivity
E) volcanoes 27. Which of the following possible
explanations of the origin of life on earth allows
testable hypotheses to be constructed?
23. The oxygen that is present in our A) evolution
atmosphere comes primarily from the B) spontaneous origin
A) eruption of volcanoes C) extraterrestrial origin
B) breakdown of ozone D) all of the above
C) breathing of animals E) none of the above
D) photosynthesis of plants, algae,
and bacteria
E) none of the above 28. The Miller-Urey experiment demonstrated
 General Biology 2017

A) how RNA could have been the 32. Microfossils of the earliest organisms
first organic molecule indicate that they resemble the present day
B) that simple molecules could not spirochetes.
have evolved spontaneously A) True
C) the kinds of molecules that B) False
could have been produced on the early earth
D) that oxygen was required for
the formation of molecules on early earth 33. The early earth was a harsh environment
E) the formation of the first cells and present day organisms that could possibly
have survived that type of environment are
A) eukaryotic organisms
29. What molecule produced in experiments B) archeabacteria
performed by others (using Miller-Urey's C) early plants called blue-green
model) is key to explaining the evolution of the algae
hereditary molecules (DNA and RNA)? D) protobionts
A) hydrogen gas E) eubacteria
B) oxygen
C) proline
D) aspartic acid 34. Microfossils found in rocks that date to be
E) adenine about 1.5 billion years old
A) are believed to be fossils from
Mars meteorites that fell to earth
30. Evidence indicates that microfossils already B) look very similar to present day
existed at least: cyanobacteria
A) 4.5 billion years ago. C) are larger organisms compared
B) 3.5 billion years ago. to earlier microfossils
C) 1.3 billion years ago. D) are simple in structure with no
D) 1 million years ago internal membranes
E) 6000 years ago E) were originally thought to be
the first eukaryotic cells but this has since been
disproved
31. Which of the following is not a characteristic
of the first cells? 35. The endosymbiotic theory explains
A) heterotroph A) the origin of all organelles in
B) single-celled eukaryotic cells
C) genome composed of RNA B) how bacterial cells can invade
D) anaerobic eukaryotic cells and cause disease
E) prokaryotic C) how mitochondria and
chloroplasts originated from free-living cells
D) how eukaryotic cells consume
food
E) none of the above
 General Biology 2017

36. Multicellularity arose only once in earth's

history but this line branched out 4 times.
A) True
B) False

37. Living organisms are classified into 6

different kingdoms. However, these kingdoms
are not static and will change in the future.
A) True
B) False
 General Biology 2017

B) 2
PART V C) 3
1. The arrangement of microtubules in D) 4
eukaryotic flagella is referred to as
A) undulating
B) basal 6. Proteins synthesized by the rough ER are
C) 9+2
A) for internal storage
D) ciliary
B) to build more membranes in
the cell
C) to digest food in lysosomes
2. Which of the following is not a characteristic
D) for internal regulation
of prokaryotes?
E) exported from the cell
A) DNA
B) cell membrane
C) cell wall
7. Plants differ from animals in that plants have
D) endoplasmic reticulum
A) an endoplasmic reticulum
B) a central vacuole
C) Golgi complexes
3. The term "nuclear envelope" is more correct
D) vesicles
than the term "nuclear membrane" because
E) organelles
A) the enclosure has pores which
membranes do not
B) the enclosure is made up of two
8. Passage through pores in the nuclear
membranes
envelope is restricted primarily to
C) the chemical composition is A) proteins, RNA, and protein-RNA
inconsistent with cellular membranes
complexes
D) None of the above. The two
B) lipids and glycolipids
terms are perfect synonyms.
C) DNA and RNA
D) RNA and protein-carbohydrate
complexes
4. Oxidative metabolism is carried out ____ of
E) marker proteins for the plasma
mitochondria.
membrane
A) in the intermembrane space
B) on the surface of the inner
membrane
9. In bacteria, some of the functions of
C) in the inside of the outer
eukaryotic cells are performed by
membrane
A) vesicles
D) in the matrix
B) lysosomes
C) mitochondria
D) nucleoli
5. Ribosomes are made up of ____ subunits.
E) the plasma membrane
A) 0 (They are whole.)
 General Biology 2017

10. Glycoproteins and glycolipids assembled in

Golgi bodies are packaged for distribution in
A) cisternae 15. Bacteria may be propelled by
B) lysosomes A) rotating thread-like flagellum
C) peroxisomes B) cilia
D) liposomes C) undulating 9+2 type flagellum
E) glyoxysomes D) gel-sol changes in the
cytoplasm
E) an undulating thread-like
11. Within chloroplasts, light is captured by flagellum
A) grana within cisternae
B) thylakoids within grana
C) cisternae within grana 16. The bacterial cell wall is composed of
D) grana within thylakoids A) a phospholipid matrix
E) none of the above B) a lipoprotein
C) a polymer of sugars
D) chitin
12. The rough ER is so named because it has an E) a structural protein
abundance of _______________ on it.
A) mitochondria
B) lysosomes 17. Unlike those of prokaryotes, eukaryotic cell
C) Golgi bodies walls are composed of
D) ribosomes A) a carbohydrate matrix cross-
E) vesicles linked by short polypeptides
B) glycolipids and protein fibers
C) cellulose fibers embedded in a
13. With which of the following are basal bodies matrix
not associated? D) chitin
A) animal cells E) proteins and histones
B) centrioles
C) plant cells
D) tubulin 18. A gram-negative bacterium is enclosed by
E) microtubules A) a single thick wall
B) a single thin wall
C) a double thick wall
14. Depolymerization of microtubules is D) a double thin wall
inhibited by E) no wall, just a plasma
A) kinesin membrane
B) dyneins
C) actin
D) guanosine triphosphate 19. The cytoplasm of a bacterium
E) vimentin
 General Biology 2017

A) is supported by the B) proteins

cytoskeleton C) enzymes
B) is supported by microtubules D) lipids
C) is supported by keratin E) nucleic acids
D) has no internal support
structure 24. Enzymes embedded in the membrane of the
E) is supported by folds in the smooth ER
interstitial membrane A) synthesize lipids
B) may be used for detoxification
C) synthesize carbohydrates
20. A gram-positive bacterium is stained D) mostly are active only when
_______________ by the gram stain associated with a membrane
A) pink E) all of the above
B) purple
C) blue
D) green 25. Which of the following organelles is found in
E) red plant cells but not in animal cells?
A) ribosomes
B) endoplasmic reticulum
21. Clusters of rRNA where ribosomes are C) mitochondria
assembled are called D) peroxisomes
A) nuclei E) None of the above
B) cisternae
C) nucleoli
D) Golgi complexes 26. Most cells are very small. A typical
E) centrioles eukaryotic cell, both plant and animal, will
occur in which of the following size ranges?
A) 1 mm to 100 µm
22. Mitochondrial enzymes for oxidative B) 100 µm to 10 µm
metabolism are C) 10 µm to 1 µm
A) on or within the surface of D) 1 µm to 100 nm
cristae E) 100 nm to 10 nm
B) located on the outer membrane
C) in the matrix
D) floating freely in 27. A cell that measures 200 µm in diameter
intermembrane space compared to a cell that measures 20µm will
E) in mitochondrial lysosomes have 100 times the surface area but 1000 times
the volume.
A) True
23. The smooth ER is especially abundant in B) False
cells that synthesize extensive amounts of
A) toxins
 General Biology 2017

28. Because they have chloroplasts for energy A) True

production, plant cells lack mitochondria. B) False
A) True
B) False
33. Proteins lacking a signal peptide sequence
will probably be secreted from the cell.
29. Assuming all other factors to be the same, A) True
electron microscopes have greater resolving B) False
power than light microscopes because.
A) the wavelength of electrons is
much longer than the wavelength of visible light 34. According to the endosymbiotic theory, the
B) electron microscopes have infoldings and specializations of the plasma
more lenses membrane led to the evolution of the
C) because the beams in electron endomembrane system.
microscopes overlap creating a clearer picture A) True
D) because the wavelengths in B) False
visible light are longer than with electrons
E) because electron microscopes
are compound microscopes 35. The cytoskeleton includes all of the
following except
A) microtubules
30. Bacterial flagella propel the cell by using B) intermediate filaments
A) a whipping-like motion C) myosin filaments
B) two flagella that move in D) actin filaments
opposite directions, like a flutter kick E) all of the above are included
C) a rotating motion
D) a flicking motion
E) none of the above 36. Ribosomes are found
A) only in the nucleus
B) in the cytoplasm
31. Which characteristic do eukaryotic and C) attached to the smooth
prokaryotic flagella have in common? endoplasmic reticulum
A) chemical composition D) only in eukaryotic cells
B) structure E) both b and c
C) location in the cell
D) function 37. The Golgi apparatus is involved in
E) source of energy A) transporting proteins that are
to be released from the cell
B) packaging proteins into vesicles
32. The microtubules of cilia and flagella are C) altering or modifying proteins
organized in a characteristic 9 + 2 pattern, and D) producing lysosomes
they slide past one another. E) all of the above