Traceability of BS Customs Administration Gradautes of Adamson University From 2009-2014-2-2

ADAMSON UNIVERSITY
College of Business Administration
TRACEABILITY OF BS CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION GRADUATES OF

ADAMSON UNIVERSITY FROM 2009-2014
by
MICHAEL M. VALDEZ
2016
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to acknowledge the following persons who supported me in this

endeavor.
To my fiancé, Jayvee Ann B. Magdarag, for her unwavering support

financially, emotionally, mentally, and spiritually,
To my mother, Resie R. Mabunga, for her endless support to me in finishing

my studies and to all sorts of support since the day I was born,
To my adviser, Araceli B. Requinto, for sharing her knowledge and creative

inputs to my research paper,
To my thesis professor, Dr. Anamie R. Selencio, for sharing her expertise in

conceptualizing the topic and how to scholarly write it,
To the panel of thesis examiners,
Dr. Luz Dasmariñas, Francis Clark Adriano, Araceli Requinto, Anamie

Selencio, and Lambert Mindanao for their scholarly comments and
suggestion to improve the substance of my study,
To my friends, who gave me inspiration and moral support to finish my thesis

paper,
And to our God Almighty who never failed to hear my thoughts and burdens
and for never failing to answer all of my prayers
MMV
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preliminaries Page
Title …………………………………...………………………………….
Approval Sheet …………...……………………………………………. iii
Certification of Originality ................................................................ iv
Acknowledgement ........................................................................... v
Table of Contents ............................................................................ vi
Abstract ........................................................................................... xi
List of Tables ................................................................................... xxv
List of Figures .................................................................................. xxvii
Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction ...................................................................................... 1
Background of the Study ................................................................. 2
Theoretical Framework .................................................................... 5
Conceptual Framework .................................................................... 6
Statement of the Problem ................................................................. 7
Scope and Limitations ................................................................. 9
Significance of the Study.................................................................... 10
Definition of Terms ............................................................................ 11
Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign Literature ............................................................................ 15
Local Literature ............................................................................... 18
Foreign Studies .............................................................................. 20
Local Studies .................................................................................. 22

Synthesis of Related Literature and Studies .................................. 24
Gap-bridged by the Study .............................................................. 25
Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design ........................................................................... 27
Population, Sample Size, and Technique ..................................... 27
Description of the Respondents .................................................... 28
Instrumentation ............................................................................... 29
Data Gathering Procedure .......................................................... 30
Statistical Treatment of Data .......................................................... 30
Chapter 4 PRESENTATION ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents

According to their Monthly Salary ................................................... 32

According to the Private Industry they belong ................................ 34

According to the Government Industry they belong ....................... 35

According to their Employment Status ........................................... 36

According to their Eligibility ............................................................ 37
Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness Of Giving

Advice Or Act As Consultant In Matters Relating To Tariff
And Customs Laws, And Other Laws, Rules And Regulations
Affecting In Connection With Activities Of Importation And
Exportation ..................................................................................... 38
Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness Of Preparing

Customs Requisite Documents For Import Or Export .................... 39
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Preparing

Declaration of Customs Duties and Taxes ..................................... 40
Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness Of Preparing
And Processing Import And Export Entries And Documents
Required Under Tariff And Customs Code Of The Philippines
For Filing With The Bureau Of Customs And Other Government
Agencies ......................................................................................... 41
Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness Of Representing

Importers And Exporters Before Any Government Agency Or
Private Entity In Cases Relating To Valuation And Classification
Of Import And Export Entries ........................................................... 43
Frequency And Ranking As To Rendering Professional Services

In Mattes Relating To Customs And Tariff Laws, Procedures And
Practices .......................................................................................... 44
Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness Of Teaching

And Conducting Research ............................................................... 45
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Principles

of Customs Administration ............................................................... 46
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of The

Relationship of Customs to International Trade ............................... 47
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness Cargo Handling

and Port Operations and Law on Common Carrier .......................... 48
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Freight

Forwarding and Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier ................ 49
Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness Of Warehousing

In General ........................................................................................ 50
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Customs

Administrative Proceedings ............................................................. 51
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Forms,

Documentations, Customs Practices and Professional
Customs Broker Practices ............................................................... 52
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Ethics in

Customs Broker Profession ............................................................ 53
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Practicum 1......... 54

Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Practicum 2......... 55
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of the

Philippine Tariff System and Its Principles .................................... 56
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness Classification,

Examination, and Appraisal of Imported Articles ........................... 57
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Basis of

Dutiable Value ................................................................................ 58
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Import Taxation .. 59
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Liquidation

of Import Duties ............................................................................... 60
Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness Of Special Duties,

Flexible Clause And Other Trade Agreements ................................. 61
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Tariff Laws

and Jurisprudence ............................................................................ 62
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Communication

Skills ................................................................................................. 64
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Analytical

Reasoning ........................................................................................ 65
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Motivation ............ 66
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Creativity ............. 66
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Independence ..... 67
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Commitment ........ 68
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Emotional

Stability ............................................................................................. 69
Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Leadership ........... 69
Suggestions to Improve BSCA Curriculum ...................................... 70

Chapter 5 SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary………………………………………………………............... 72
Findings………………………………………………………….............. 72
Conclusions…………………………………………………….............. 75
Recommendations…………………………………………….............. 76
REFERENCES........................................................................................... 79
APPENDICES
Sample Survey Questionnaire…………………………………........... 82
CURRICULUM VITAE…………………………………………………............ 87
ABSTRACT
The Problem
The study is sought to determine primarily the employment status of the
Bachelor of Science in Customs Administration of Adamson University from 2009-
2014. It also determined the relevance of the skills and competence vested under
CHED Memorandum 11-2005 and Iceberg Model if it is useful or relevant to the
respondent’s current job placement. Finally, it would also like to determine the
relevance of the BSCA major subjects in their present occupation. The study
revealed that most of the graduates are presently employed relevant to their chosen
field of specialization and the skills and competencies learned during their stay in
Adamson University are very useful in their respective jobs.
Methodology
The study applied descriptive research design. It aims to determine the
employment status and relevance of the skills and competencies in their respective
occupation of the respondents by using a survey method.
The total population of BSCA graduates from 2009-2014 was established to
be 361. The sample size was determined using Slovins formula, which resulted to
191 respondents. The researcher applied stratified random sampling method by
dividing the population into strata then using ratio and proportion to determine the
sample per strata. For the interpretation of data, the proponent of this study used
frequency, percentage distribution, and rankings.

Findings
Based on the data gathered, analyzed and interpreted, the findings are
presented below:
1. Employment Profile
1.1 Monthly Salary. It shows that out of 174 respondents, 66 or 38% of them
has a salary ranging from P15, 000 – P20, 000. 50 or 29% of them has a monthly
salary ranging from P10, 000 – P15, 000. 34 or 20% of the group was found out to
have a monthly salary ranging from P20, 000 – P30, 000. 15 respondents or 9% of
them has a monthly salary of P30, 000 and above and 9 out of 174 or 5% of the
group has a monthly salary of P5, 000 – P10,000.
1.2 Industry they belong.According to the findings, most of the respondents
are currently employed in the private and government sectors. Out of the 5
graduates who are working in the government, 2 of them or 40% are presently
employed with the Bureau of Customs. 1 or 20% is working in Department of
Science and Technology. 1 or 20% is enlisted with the Philippine Navy and finally, 1
or 20% is currently employed with the City Government of Makati. Most of the
graduates are currently employed in the private sector. Out of the 191 respondents
only 177 graduates, 33 or 18.64% of them are working in a Customs Brokerage firm,
32 or 18.08% are presently employed in Freight Forwarding Services, 23 or 12.99%
are working in the Shipping Line, 10 or 5.65% of the group are presently engaged in
a Trucking Service, 1 or 0.56% is currently teaching at a University or College, 6 of
the group or 3.39% decided to go abroad to work as an Overseas Filipino Worker,

and 38 or 21.47% are found to be working in industries such as Logistics & Supply
Chain, Marketing, Sales, Airlines, Manning, and Network Marketing.
1.3 Employment Status. Based on the findings, most of the graduates or
172 out of 191 respondents has a regular status in their respective work. 5 or 3% of
the group has temporary status, 3 or 2% are on contractual basis, 2 or 1% is self-
employed and 9 or 5% were determined to have no job or unemployed.
1.4 Eligibility. According to the results, most of the respondents already took
and passed the Customs Broker Licensure Examination. 128 or 67% are Customs
Brokers and the rest are not.
2. Relevance of skills and competencies under CHED Memorandum Order 11-
2005 in the respondent’s present job
2.1 Give advice or act as consultant in matters relating to tariff and
customs laws, rules, regulations, and other laws, and regulations affecting in
connection with activities of importation and exportation.Based on the findings,
Out of 191 respondents, only 182 answered to this question, 58 or 31.87% said that
this competency is very useful in their present occupation. 80 or 43.96% determined
that it is useful in their current job. 21 or 11.54% find it sometimes useful, 6 or 3.30%
says it is not very useful, and 17 or 9.34% of the respondents said that it is not at all
useful in their current job.
2.2 Prepare customs requisite documents for import or export. Based on
the findings, 83 or 45.60% out of 182 respondents determined that this competency
is very useful in their present employment. 51 or 28.03% said that it is useful in their
current jobs. 17 or 9.34% of the total respondents established that it is sometimes

useful in their jobs, 5 or 2.74% of the respondents believed that it is not very useful
in their jobs, and 26 or 14.28% of them established that it is not at all useful in their
jobs.
2.3 Prepare declaration of customs duties and taxes. According to the 182
respondents, 75 or 41.21% find this very useful in their jobs. 47 or 25.82% said that
it is useful. 26 or 14.28% believed that it is sometimes useful, 6 or 3.30% answered
that it is not very useful, and the remaining 28 or 15.38% believed that it is not at all
useful in their respective jobs.
2.4 Prepare and process import and export entries and documents
required under Tariff and Customs Code of the Philippines (TCCP) for filing
with the Bureau of Customs and other government agencies. Based on the
findings, 59 or 32.42% out of 182 respondents determined that it is very useful in
their jobs, 68 or 37.36% of the respondents believed that it is useful in their
occupation, 20 or 10.99% of them said that it is sometimes useful in their jobs, 7 or
3.85% said that it is not very useful and 15.38% or 28 out of 182 respondents
determined that it is not at all useful in their jobs.
2.5 Represent importers and exporters before any government agency
or private entity in cases relating to valuation and classification of import and
export articles. According to the findings, 63 or 34.62 out of 182 respondents
determined that this competency is very useful in their current jobs, 62 or 34.07%
said that it is useful in their present occupation, 21 or 11.54% believed that it is
sometimes useful, 7 or 3.85% established that is it not very useful in their jobs and
29 or 15.93% of the respondents determined that is it not at all useful in their jobs.
2.6 Render professional services in matters relating to customs and
tariff laws, procedures and practices. Based on the 182 out of 191 respondents,
63 or 34.62% of the respondents believed that this competency is very useful in their
present occupation, 62 or 34.07% of them said that it is useful in their jobs, 21 or
11.54% determined that it is sometimes useful, 5.49% or 10 respondents
established that it is not very useful in their jobs and 26 or 14.29% said that it is not
at all useful in their jobs.
2.7 Teach or conduct researches. According to the results, 51 or 28.02%
out of 182 respondents believed that this competency is very useful in their current
jobs. 56 or 30.77% determined that it is useful in the respective work designation, 26
or 14.29% of them said that it is sometimes useful, 24 or 13.19% believed that it is
not very useful and the rest, which is 24 or 13.19% said that it is not at all useful in
their present occupation.
3. Relevance of the BSCA major subjects in their present occupation.
3.1 Principles of Customs Administration.Based on the findings, most of
the respondents find this subject useful in their respective jobs. Out of 191
respondents, only 182 answered to this query. 39.56% or 72 graduates find it useful
in their respective occupation. 71 or 39.01% established that it is very useful. 21 or
11.54% said that it is not at all useful. 6.59% or 12 respondents believed that it is
sometimes useful in their jobs and the rest, which is 3.30% or 6 graduates,
determined that it is not very useful in their jobs.

3.2 The Relationship of Customs To International Trade. According to the
findings, most of the graduates find this subject very useful in their respective
occupation. Out of 191 respondents, only 182 graduates answered to this question.
79 or 43.41% believed that this is very useful in their jobs. 72 or 39.56% said that it
is useful. 21 or 11.54% find it not at all useful. 5 or 2.75% of the whole group
believed that it is sometimes useful and another set of 5 respondents find it not very
useful in their present job designations.
3.3 Cargo Handling and Port Operations And Law On Common Carriers.
Based on the findings, majority of the graduates find this subject matter very useful
in their jobs. Out of 191 respondents only 182 answered to this question wherein 90
or 49.45% determined that this is very useful in their current jobs. 31.87% or 58
respondents find it useful. 10.99% or 20 graduates determined that it is not at all
useful in their jobs. 3.85% or 7 graduates established that this is sometimes useful
and another set of 7 respondents determined that it is not at all useful.
3.4 Freight Forwarding And Non Vessel Operation Common Carrier.
According to the findings, majority of the respondents find this very useful in their
current employment. Out of 191 respondents, only 182 answered to this question. 93
or 51.10% believed that this is very useful in their current jobs. 52 or 28.57%
determined that this is useful in their offices. 22 or 12.09% established that this is not
at all useful. 11 respondents or 6.04% answered that it is sometimes useful and 4 ot
of 181 respondents or 2.20% said that the subject matter is not very useful in their
jobs.
3.5 Warehousing in General.Based on the findings, 182 out of 191
respondents answered to this question. 65 or 35.71% believed that this topic is very
useful in their present jobs. 26.92% or 49 graduates said that it useful. 30 or 16.48%
find it sometimes useful. 25 or 13.74% of them believed that it is not all useful and
13 graduates or 7.14% said that it is not very useful in their respective jobs.
3.6 Customs Administrative Proceedings. According to the findings, 65 out
of 182 respondents believed that this subject matter is useful in their current jobs. 60
or 32.97% established that this is very useful in their jobs. 28 or 15.38% said that it
is not at all useful. 16 respondents or 8.79% determined that it is sometimes useful
in their jobs and finally 13 out of 182 graduates said that it is not very useful in their
current work.
3.7 Forms, Documentations, Customs Procedures and Practices and
Professional Customs Broker Practice. Most of the respondents find this subject
very useful in their current work. Majority, i.e. 90 or 49.45%, believed that it is very
useful, 53 or 29,12% said that it is useful, 25 or 13.74% established that it is not at
all useful, 5.49% or 10 respondents find it sometimes useful and the remaining
2.20% or 4 out of 182 respondents believed that this topic is not very useful in their
occupation.
3.8 Ethics in Customs Broker Profession.According to the investigation,
majority of the respondents find this subject very useful in their respective
designations. Out of 191 graduates, only 182 respondents answered to this
question. 81 or 44.51% determined that it is very useful in their jobs, 28.57% or 52
graduates find it useful, 10.99% or 20 students established that it is not at all useful
in their jobs, 17 graduates or 9.34% said that it is sometimes useful in their current
work and the remaining 12 respondents or 6.59% said that it is not at all useful in
their present jobs.
3.9 Practicum 1. Based on the findings, majority of the graduates find this
subject useful in their current jobs. Out of 191 respondents, only 181 graduates
respond to this survey. 73 or 40.44% determined that this is very useful, 34.81% or
63 graduates said it is useful, 12.71% or 23 respondents believed that it is not at all
useful, 14 or 7.73% of the group established that it is sometimes useful and the
remaining 4.42% or 8 graduates said that it is not very useful in their daily jobs.
3.10 Practicum 2. According to the findings, majority of the graduates
determined that this topic is very useful in their current jobs. Out of 191 respondents,
only 181 answered to this survey. 73 or 40.33% believed that it is very useful, 63 or
34.81% said that it is useful, 23 or 12.71 find it not at all useful, 12 or 6.63%
established that it is sometimes useful and the remaining 10 or 5.52% said that it is
not very useful.
3.11 The Philippine Tariff System and Its Principles. According to the
investigation, most of the graduates find this topic very useful in their daily jobs. Out
of 191 respondents, only 181 answered to this question. 81 or 44.75% said that it is
very useful, 53 or 29.28% determined that it is useful in their jobs, 13.26% or 24
respondents find it not at all useful, 15 or 8.29% established that it is sometimes
useful and the remaining 8 out of 182 respondents find it not very useful in the
present occupation.
3.12 Classification, Examination and Appraisal of Imported Articles.
Based on the results, most of the graduates determined that it is very useful in their
current jobs. Out of 191 respondents, only 182 answered to this question. 77 or
42.31% determined that it is very useful in their jobs, 30.22% or 55 graduates
believed that it is useful in the present occupation, 24 or 13.19% established that it is
not at all useful, 8.24% or 15 graduates find it sometimes useful and the remaining
11 or 6.04% said that it is not very useful in their jobs.
3.13 Basis of Dutiable Value. According to the results of the investigation,
majority of the respondents find this topic very useful in their current jobs. Out of 191
respondents, only 182 answered to this question. 77 or 42.31% said that it is very
useful in their jobs, 56 or 30.77% determined that it is useful, 13.19% or 24
graduates said that it is not at all useful, 10.44% or 19 respondents find it sometimes
useful and the remaining 3.30% or 6 graduates established that it is not very useful.
3.14 Import Taxation. According to the findings, majority of the graduates
responded that this topic is very useful in their present employment. Out of 191
respondents, only 182 answered to this question. 71 or 39.01% determined that it is
very useful, 61 or 33.52% find it useful, 13.19% or 24 graduates established it at not
at all useful, 10.99% or 20 graduates find it sometimes useful and the remaining
3.30% or 6 graduates determined it as not very useful.
3.15 Liquidation of Import Duties.Based on the findings, majority of the
graduates find this subject very useful in the respective jobs. Out of 191
respondents, only 182 answered to this survey. 76 or 41.76% believed that this is
very useful, 29.12% or 53 answered that this is useful in their jobs, 14.29% or 26
respondents determined that this is not at all useful, 12.64% 23 find it sometimes
useful and the remaining 2.20% or 4 out of 182 respondents determined that it is not
very useful in the present occupation.
3.16 Special Duties, Flexible Clause and other Trade Agreements.
According to the findings, most of the respondents find this subject very useful in
their present employment. Out of 191 respondents, only 182 answered to this
survey. 36.81% or 67 believed that it is very useful in their current jobs. 29.12% or
53 graduates said that it is useful, 15.38% or 28 respondents find it not at all useful,
20 or 10.99% determined that it is sometimes useful and the remaining 7.69% or 14
respondents said that it is not very useful in their present jobs.
3.17 Tariff Laws and Jurisprudence. Most of the graduates find this subject
very useful in their present jobs. Based on the findings, 71 (39.01%) or 182
respondents out 191 graduates, believed that this is very useful in their present jobs.
30.77% or 56 graduates said that it is useful, 13.74% or 25 respondents find it not at
all useful, 6.59% or 12 graduates established that it is sometimes useful and the
remaining 9.89% or 18 respondents said that it is not very useful in their present
jobs.
4. Soft Skills Based on the Iceberg Model
4.1 Communication Skills. Based on the findings, majority of the students
determined that this competency, which they have learned in during their stay in
Adamson University, is very useful in their present occupation. Out of 191
graduates, only 182 respondents answered this survey question. 144 or 79.56% find
this very useful in their present occupation. 36 or 19.89% established that it is useful
in their jobs, and only 0.55% or 1 out of 182 fined it sometimes useful in their
respective jobs.
4.2 Analytical Reasoning. According to the findings, most of the
respondents’ find this competency, which they have learned during they stay in
Adamson University, very useful in their present job. Out of 191 respondents, only
182 answered this question. 121 or 66.48% find it very useful in their jobs while 57
or 31.87% determined that it is useful in their current job and the remaining 1.65%
established that it is sometimes useful.
4.3 Motivation. According to the investigation, majority of the graduates
determined that this competency, learned during their stay in Adamson University, is
very useful in their present occupation. Out of 191 respondents, only 182 answered
to this survey question. 67.58% or 123 graduates find it very useful while 27.47% or
50 of them established that it is useful in their present occupation. 8 out of 182
respondents say that it is sometimes useful and the remaining 1 or 0.55% find it not
at all useful.
4.4 Creativity. Based on the findings, majority of the group respondents find
this competency, which they have learned in Adamson University, very useful in their
present jobs. Out of 191 respondents, only 182 answered to this question. 54.40%
or 99 graduates find it very useful in their current jobs, 37.36% or 68 respondents
established that it is useful, 6.04% or 11 graduates find it sometimes useful and the
remaining 2.20% or 4 respondents determined that it is not at all useful in their
current jobs.
4.5 Independence. According to the findings, most of the graduates find this
competency, which they learned from Adamson University, very useful in their
present jobs. Out of 191 respondents, only 182 graduates answered this question.
70.88% or 129 graduates determined that this is very useful in their current jobs, 47
or 25.85% find it useful, 3 graduates or 1.65% established that it is sometimes
useful, and finally, the remaining 3 or 1.65% determined that is it not at all useful.
4.6 Commitment. Based on the findings, majority of the graduates find this
competency, which they gained from Adamson University, very useful in their
respective occupation. Out of 191 respondents, only 181 graduates responded to
this question. 75.27% or 137 respondents believed that it is very useful in their
current work. 22.53% or 41 graduates said that it is useful and the remaining 2.20%
or 4 respondents determined that it is sometimes useful.
4.7 Emotional Stability. According to the investigation, most of the
graduates determined that this competency, which they have learned from Adamson
University, is very useful in their present jobs. Out of 191 graduates, only 182
answered to this question. 116 or 63.74% find this competency very useful in their
jobs, 31.87% or 58 respondents believed that it is useful and the remaining 4.40% or
8 graduates answered that it is sometimes useful in their occupation.
4.8 Leadership. Based on the findings, most of the graduates find this
competency, which they have learned from Adamson University, very useful in their
present occupation. 71.82% or 130 graduates find it very useful in their present jobs,
26.52% or 48 graduates determine that it is useful while the remaining 1.66% or 3
respondents out of 182 established that it is sometimes useful in their jobs. Another
suggestion is to include trainings or subjects for SAP (System and Analysis) in the
curriculum because they find it, based on their experience, essential for a graduate
to have.
4. Suggestion to Improve The BSCA Curriculum
Based on the findings, there were suggestions coming from the respondents
to improve the BSCA curriculum. One of them is to have an increase in the training
hours for OJT. Also, they suggest that minor subjects should be delisted from the
current curriculum especially accounting subjects, which they find irrelevant or not
useful in their present jobs.

LIST OF TABLES
Table No Description Page
1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents

According to their Monthly Salary .......................................... 32

According to the Private Industry they Belong ....................... 34

According to the Government Industry they Belong .............. 35

According to their Employment Status .................................. 36

According to their Eligibility .................................................... 37
6 Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness Of Giving

Advice Or Act As Consultant In Matters Relating To Tariff
And Customs Laws, And Other Laws, Rules And
RegulationsAffecting In Connection With Activities Of
Importation AndExportation................................................... 38
7 Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness Of Preparing

Customs Requisite Documents For Import Or Export............ 39
8 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Preparing

Declaration of Customs Duties and Taxes............................. 40
9 Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness Of Preparing

And Processing Import And Export Entries And Documents
Required Under Tariff And Customs Code Of The Philippines
For Filing With The Bureau Of Customs And Other
GovernmentAgencies............................................................. 41
10 Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness Of Representing

Importers And Exporters Before Any Government Agency Or
Private Entity In Cases Relating To Valuation And
Classification Of Import And Export Entries............................. 43
11 Frequency And Ranking As To Rendering Professional Services

In Mattes Relating To Customs And Tariff Laws, Procedures And
Practices .................................................................................. 44
12 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Teaching
and conducting Research ......................................................... 45
13 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Principles

of Customs Administration ....................................................... 46
14 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of The

Relationship of Customs to International Trade ....................... 47
15 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness Cargo Handling

and Port Operations and Law on Common Carrier .................. 48
16 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Freight

Forwarding and Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier ........ 49
17 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Warehousing

in General ................................................................................ 50
18 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Customs

Administrative Proceedings ..................................................... 51
19 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Forms,

Documentations, Customs Practices and Professional
Customs Broker Practices ....................................................... 52
20 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Ethics in

Customs Broker Profession ..................................................... 53
21 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Practicum 1.. 54
22 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Practicum 2.. 55
23 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of the

Philippine Tariff System and Its Principles ............................... 56
24 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness Classification,

Examination, and Appraisal of Imported Articles ..................... 57
25 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Basis of

Dutiable Value ......................................................................... 58
26 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Import Taxation59
27 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Liquidation

of Import Duties ....................................................................... 60
28 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Special Duties,
Flexible Clause and other Trade Agreements ............................. 61
29 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Tariff Laws

and Jurisprudence ....................................................................... 62
30 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Communication

Skills ............................................................................................ 64
31 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Analytical

Reasoning ................................................................................... 65
32 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Motivation........66
33 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Creativity.......... 66
34 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Independence...67
35 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Commitment..... 68
36 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Emotional

Stability ......................................................................................... 69
37 Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Leadership ....... 69
38 Frequency and Ranking of the Suggestions to Improve

BSCA Curriculum …………………………………………………….70
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Description Page
1 Gross Monthly Salary 32
2 Private Industry they Belong 34
3 Government Industry they Belong 35
4 Employment Status 36
5 Eligibility of BSCA Graduates 37

1
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Unemployment and underemployment has been a huge complication in the
Philippines nowadays. These is due to the fact that most of the Filipinos failed to
obtain a diploma, or if they acquire such, are found to be incompetent due to lack of
skills and relevant experience. This problem can also be caused by the rigid
competition amongst people who share the same industry or jobs that do not match
theirs skills acquired during college days. Being cognizant of these implications, job
seekers, especially fresh graduates, will apply for a job irrelevant to them and end up
underemployed compromising desired work ambience and wages.
Cardoso, Escaria, Ferreira, Madruga, Raimundo, & Varanda (2014) posited
that employability is a concept which refers to the quality and possibility of being
employed or self-employed and being such serves as a framework in alleviating his
position in the society and achieve one’s dream. To be in the state of being
employed or self-employed, one must possess education because it plays an
important role for a person to be in such state. This is being facilitated by higher
education institutions which mechanizes the framework for attaining quality
education thru development of course syllabus and conducting tracer studies to
assess and evaluate whether the course program is efficient and effective and if the
skills offered by them are sufficient and enough for their graduates to land a job.
In the Philippines, Adamson University is one of the premiere institution that
offers the course Bachelor of Science in Customs Administration with the aim of
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producing future Vincentian Customs Broker, logistics and shipping officer,
employees of the Bureau of Customs, and Customs Brokerage entrepreneurs. The
said course is designed to provide students with sufficient knowledge with tariff and
customs laws, international trade facilitation, and skills in computation of import tax
as well as duties and other charges. The program also aims to produce graduates
with the teachings and principles of St. Vincent de Paul as well as graduates with the
highest norm of ethical standards.
This study aims to trace the current employment status of the BSCA
graduates of Adamson University from 2009 to 2014 and provide information to
future graduates concerning employability of customs administration graduates of
Adamson University. Also, this research paper would also like to provide feedback to
the aforementioned institutionregarding the performance of their graduates in their
field of profession. Finally, this will also trace the skills and competencies embodied
under Republic Act 9280 or the Customs Brokers Act of 2004 and soft skills the
under Iceberg Model.
Background of the study
Unemployment and underemployment rate is perceived to continuously rise
every year. Cabegin, Dacuycuy, and Alba (2009) demonstrated that there was a
deficiency on the improvement in open unemployment from 1990-1997 that
demonstrated a rate of 5% open unemployment in 1997 to 6.2% in 2000, and 6.8%
in 2003 and 7.4% in 2006, which makes 2.7 million Filipinos who are looking for a
job but could not find work during 2006. Cabegin et. Al (2009) also posited that 18.7%
were underemployed in 1991 which declined to 17.8% in 1997 but rose again to 19.8%
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in 2006 which translates to an estimated 7.1 million Filipino workers who are
underemployed adding to the 3.2 million unemployed brings the total underutilized
labor force to 10.4 million in 2006. According to the Labor Force Survey conducted
by the Philippine Statistics Authority, underemployment rate declines from 18.7% in
October 2014 to 17.7% October 2015 and unemployment rate of 6.0% in October
2014 to 5.6% in October 2015.
The Bachelor of Science in Customs Administration, a four-year degree
program under the auspices of the College of Business Administration of Adamson
University, aims to produce future Vincentian Customs Brokers, Logistics Officers,
Import-Export Managers, and Customs Brokerage Proprietors. It provides students
with theoretical and actual application of the current Tariff and Customs laws of the
Philippines as well as practical computation of customs duties, taxes, as well as
excise taxes to prepare them in representing their clients upon the Bureau of
Customs.
The course program focuses mainly on tariff and customs laws, accounting,
business, and business law subjects which can be applied by the students once they
get outside the four corners of the University.
The program started way back in 2006 with only one (1) block section
consisting of approximately twenty (20) to thirty (30) students from the Accountancy
Department of the said University and had its first batch of graduates in 2009.
The BSCA program was re-engineered under CHED Memorandum Order No.
11-2005 with the intention of strengthening the commitment of the Philippines to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) as one of its members and to expedite export
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growth and trade facilitation. Along with this, Adamson University decided to
alleviate the program and form its own office under the College of Business
Administration.
Since 2010, the production of BSCA graduates of Adamson University grew
from thirty (30), to eighty (80) students and now, almost one hundred (100) students
finishes the program every year. The numbers of enrollees are significantly rising
from forty (40) to one hundred (100) students per annum. This continuous growth of
enrollment is perceived to be the expansion of the import and export industries in the
country and the positive performance of the institution in terms of Customs Brokers
Licensure Examination.
According to Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Memorandum Order
No. 11 Series of 2005, a graduate of the said program may be employed as a
declarant, Bureau of Customs Employee, Air and Sea Cargo Handling
Documentation Clerk, and College Instructor. These designations usually require
that graduates must have among others, be a licensed customs broker and have at
least two (2) to three (3) years working experience in the relative field.
The said issuance also laid down the expected competencies that a BSCA
graduate should acquire. First is to give advice or act as consultant in matters
pertaining to tariff and customs laws, rules, and regulation, and other laws, rules and
regulation affecting or in connection with the activities f importation and exportation.
Second is to prepare the documents required by the Bureau of Customs relating to
import and export. Third is to prepare the declaration of customs duties and taxes.
Fourth is to have knowledge in the preparation and processing of import entries

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required under the Tariff and Customs Code of the Philippines (TCCP) for filing with
the Bureau of Customs and other government agencies. Fifth is, to be competent, a
BSCA graduate must represent importers and exporters before any government
agency or private entity in cases relating to valuation and classification of import and
export articles. Sixth is to render professional services in matter relating to customs
and tariff laws, procedures and practices, and seventh, is to teach or conduct
research.
The scope of the practice of Customs Broker is laid down under Sec. 6 of
Republic Act 9280 which includes consultation, preparation of customs requisite
document for import and exports; declaration of customs duties and taxes,
preparation, signing, filling, lodging and processing of import and export entries;
representing importers and exporters before any government agency and private
entities in cases related to valuation and classification of imported articles and
rendering of other professional services in matters relating to customs and tariff laws
its procedures and practices.
Theoretical Framework
The researcher used the General Theory of Employment by John Maynard
Keynes to support this study. Keynes argued that employment is determined by
aggregate demand rather than the price of labor; thus, economies should not expect
to automatically restore equilibrium after a temporary shock. In the Neoclassical
Theory of Employment, which Keynes disagreed, argues that wages would decrease
to a point where it will automatically restore equilibrium. Keynes disagreed this
proposition since its effect will result into prolonged underemployment because
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workforce will be forced to work for a lower wage. Keynes believed that activist
government policy should be used to stimulate levels of demand and therefore boost
employment.
The researcher also used the Iceberg Model discussed by Dr. Luz
Dasmarinas to support this study. The model explains that an iceberg has just one-
ninth of its volume above water and the rest remains beneath the surface in the sea.
Relevant to employment, the model showcases that competency has also
components which are visible such as knowledge and skills however, there are
behavioral components like attitude, traits, thinking styles, self-image, organizational
fit, etc. which is hidden beneath the surface of an iceberg. The proponent of the
model also mentioned that Skills are subdivided into two groups. First is a hard skill,
which comprises knowledge and skills and second is soft skills, which focuses on
attitude, values, and traits.
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework of this study were based on the General Theory of
Employment, which discusses that employment or employability is driven by
aggregate demand rather than the price of labor, and Iceberg Model which divulges
on skills and competencies needed by a graduate to land a job. The concept draws
a direct line between skills/competencies and employment/employability. To obtain a
job, a graduate must have a set of skills and competenciesrequired by the
employers for them to have a job. Commission on Higher Education and Adamson
University plays a vital role in developing these skills/competencies to their
graduates by providing a course curriculum in line with the needs of industries they
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deal with. Now, to measure the efficiency and effectiveness of the course program
formulated, it is imperative that HEI’s should trace the whereabouts of their
graduates particularly if they are employed and moreover, if they utilized the skills
and competencies, that they have learned during their college days,in their
respective jobs. The results of tracing their graduates will be an indication if the
course curricula is effective in terms of producing graduates that are employable and
if the competencies and skills learned are being applied in their jobs, if not, it will be
an eye opener be a source of feedback for HEI’s to look into their curriculum and do
improve it.
Statement of the Problem
This study will trace the employment status of the graduates of BSCA
program in Adamson University from 2009-2014 and the relevance of their studies
and skills acquired during their academic year. Specifically, the study will answer the
following questions:
1. What is the Employment profile of the BS Customs Administration
graduates from 2009 – 2014 in terms of:
1.1 Monthly/Annual Gross Salary
1.2 Industry they belong
1.3 Employment status
1.4 Eligibility
2. What are the skills/competencies under CHED Memorandum Order 11-
2005, which were utilized by Customs Administration graduates in their jobs?

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2.1 Give advice or act as consultant in matters relating to tariff and
customs laws, rules and regulations, and other laws, rules and
regulations affecting or in connection with activities of importation and
exportation
2.2 Preparation of customs requisite documents for imports and
exports
2.3 Declaration of customs duties and taxes
2.4 Preparation signing, filing, lodging and processing of import and
export entries
2.5 Representing importers and exporters before any government
agency or private entity in cases relating to valuation and classification
of import and export articles
3. How relevant are the BSCA subjects in their present employment?
3.1 Principles of Customs Administration
3.2 The Relationship of Customs Administration to International Trade
3.3 Cargo Handling and Port Operations and Law on Common Carrier
3.4 Freight Forwarding and Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier
3.5 Warehousing in General
3.6 Customs Administrative Proceedings
3.7 Forms, Documentations, Customs Procedures & Practices and
Professional Customs Broker Services
3.8 Ethics in Customs Broker Profession
3.9 Practicum 1
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3.10 Practicum 2
3.11 The Philippine Tariff System and Its Principles
3.12 Classification, Examination, & Appraisal
3.13 Basis of Dutiable Value
3.14 Import Taxation
3.15 Liquidation of Import Duties
3.16 Special Duties, Flexible Clause and Other Trade Agreements
3.17 Tariff Laws and Jurisprudence
4. What are the skills and competencies, under the Iceberg Model, that they
have learned in Adamson University, which is relevant to their present job?
4.1 Communication Skills
4.2 Analytical Reasoning
4.3 Motivation
4.4 Creativity
4.5 Independence
4.6 Commitment
4.7 Emotional Stability
4.8 Leadership
5. What are the suggestions to improve the BSCA curriculum?
Scope and Limitation of Study
The study extends and demarcates to the graduates of BS-Customs
Administration of Adamson University from 2009-2014. There are four (4) areas
where the study focuses namely: Employment profile; Skills/competencies acquired;

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the relevance of the BSCA curriculum on the current job of the customs
administration graduates; and the suggestions to improve the BSCA curriculum.
Significance of the Study
This study focused on the employability of the BSCA graduates of Adamson
University from 2009 – 2014. It is deemed to be significant to the following:
Commission on Higher Education (CHED),as the primary agency of the
government which is tasked to oversee the tertiary education of the country,they will
benefit in this study particularly in modifying and enhancing the curriculum for BS
Customs Administration.
Administrators of Adamson University, as the primary beneficiary of this study, it
will help in re-tooling the course syllabus of the BSCA program in order to adapt to
the changes in the field of the customs administration industry, logistics and supply
chain management.
Faculty members of the Customs Administration Department of Adamson
University,as mentors to the students, this study will also benefit them by enhancing
and updating their knowledge and skills to cope up with new trends in the import and
export industry.
Students taking up BSCA,they will also profit from this study by giving them
information about future jobs after graduating, with or without their license, and
encourage them to continue the BSCA program despite of the issues pertaining
tothe Customs Modernization and Tariff Act. It will also be a catalyst of
encouragement to them since it will showcase the employability and marketability of
the graduates of this program.

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Future researchers, this study my serve as basis for further research by customs
brokers taking up MCA and other researchers on the related areas or aspects of
their research particularly in logistics and supply chain management.
Definition of Terms
For better understanding, the researchers provided the definition of some
several terms that were operationally used in this study.
Adamson University – An institution run by Vincentian brothers and sisters located
in San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila which offers various courses such as Bachelor
of Science in Customs Administration.
Bureau of Customs – It refers to a Philippine Government Agency under the
Department of Finance. The responsibilities of the agency include revenue collection
and assessment, stopping illegal trade and other forms of customs fraud, and
devising and managing customs management system for trade facilitation.
Bachelor of Science in Customs Administration - a four-year college degree
course for individuals who wish to pursue a career in custom brokerage or in the
field of transportation and supply chain management. The program is designed to
produce customs brokers, freight forwarders, logistics managers, export-import
managers and government customs officers and employees.
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)–In this study, it refers not only to industries
such as call centers, but, it also refers to industries directly related to BSCA
graduates such as inspection, testing, and compliance industries (e.g. SGS, Webb
Fontaine Asia, Cotecna, etc.) which is relevant to the field of Customs Administration.
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Commission on Higher Education (CHED) – it refers to a body attached under
the Office of the President that covers both private and public higher educational
institutions.It covers degree-granting programs in all post-secondary educational
institutions in the country.
Competencies – refers to measurable or observable knowledge, skills, abilities, and
behaviors critical to successful job performance.
Customs Brokerage – It refers to a profession that involves the “clearing” of goods
through customs barriers for importers and exporters (usually businesses). This
involves the preparation of documents and/or electronic submissions, the calculation
and payment of duties, taxes, and excises, and facilitating communication between
government agencies and importers and exporters.
Employee – An individual who works part-time or full-time under a contract of
employment, whether oral or written, express or implied, and has recognized rights
and duties. Also called worker.
Employer – A legal entity that controls and directs a servant or worker under an
express or implied contract of employment and pays (or s obligated to pay) him or
her salary or wages in compensation.
Employment – is a relationship between two parties, usually based on contract
where work is paid for, where one is the employer, and the other one is employee.
Experience – is the knowledge or mastery of an event or subject gained through
involvement in or exposure of it.

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Extra-Curricular Activity – or Extra Academic Activity (EAA) are those fall
outside the realm of the normal curriculum of school or university education,
performed by students.
Freight Forwarder–is a person or company that organizes shipment for individuals
or corporations to get goods from the manufacturer or producer to a market,
customer or final point of distribution.
Graduates – In this study, it refers to the Bachelor of Science in Customs
Administration of Adamson University who have finished the said program and
obtained a diploma.
On-The-Job (OJT) training – is a form of training, taking place in a normal working
situation. In addition to their wages, they often receive benefits like subsidized health
care, paid vacations, holidays, sick time, or contributions to a retirement plan.
Permanent Employment – regular employees or the directly employed work for an
employer and are paid directly by that employer.
Salary–refers to a periodic payment from an employer to an employee that may be
specified in an employment contract.
Seminar – is a form of academic instruction, either at an academic institution or
offered by a commercial or professional organization.
Shipping Lines – is a business that transports cargo aboard ships.
Skills – is the learned ability to carry out a task with pre-determined results often
within a given amount of time, energy, or both. In other words, the abilities that one
possesses.
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Traceability–In this study, it refers to the tracing of the employment status of the
BSCA graduates of Adamson University from 2009-2014 as well as the relevant
skills and competencies vested under CHED memorandum order 11-2005 and soft
skills under Iceberg Model.
Tracer Study – Tracer studies or graduate surveys describe a standard survey (in
written form) of graduates from higher education institutions, which takes place
some time after graduation, usually two years.
Training – refers to teaching, or developing in oneself or others, any skills and
knowledge that relate to specific useful competencies. It has specific goals of
improving one’s capability, capacity, productivity, and performance.
Unemployment – Occurs when people who are without work are actively seeking
work. The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and
it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by
all individuals currently in the labor force.
Underemployment - Refers to an employment situation that is insufficient in some
important way for the worker, relative to a standard.

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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the related literature and studies to provide a
background on the tracer studies conducted and unemployment status in the
Philippines.
The presentation of reviewed literature and studies strictly adhered to the
prescribed format of the school in which foreign and local sources and references
were clustered together in one topic. A synthesis was provided after presentation of
the literature and researches reviewed.
Review of Related Literature
Foreign
Tracer Study or Graduate Survey is an approach utilized by Higher
Educational Institutions (HEIs) to track the whereabouts and employment status of
their graduates. This is being done primarily to assess or evaluate the effectiveness
and efficiency of the course curricula, faculty and teaching instruction, values,
knowledge, and skills provided by the HEI. In addition to this, (Ralf Lange, 2001)
described tracer studies as a simple tool which is used to ascertain the relevance of
the training program as well as for planning and monitoring purposes of course
curricula.
The rationale for conducting tracer studies were discussed by University of
Namibia, which includes tracing what happened to the graduates after they have
completed their studies, find out if they are employed, self-employed, or whether
they are still on the course of finding a job, know if their studies prepare them well for
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the workplace, find out if the graduates applied the knowledge and skills they have
learned during their studies, and for purposes of having feedback on the graduates
in order for them to improve the quality of the study programs and revise, if
necessary, the course curricular.
(Lange, 2001) discussed the four (4) key questions that a tracer study should
answer. First, what is the effect of the training offered? Does the graduates or the
trainees found a job after graduation? And why do they fail to have a job. Second is,
up to what extent do they apply the training and skills obtained from HEIs and what
competencies they identify to be lacking. Third is, should the HEIs conduct further
training and other post training support to promote employment of their graduates?
And, fourth, tracer studies should answer if there is a need for the curricula to be
revised.
(John Jacca, 1995) posited that one of the advantages of conducting tracer
studies is that it provides up-to-date information concerning their graduates, their
whereabouts and more importantly, if they are currently employed. It is important to
that HEIs should determine if their graduates are employed since it will indicate that
the effectiveness and efficiency of the course program that they are offering. He also
added that doing consecutive tracer study could serve as basis for effectiveness of
the course program as well as the institution itself. He also presented that the
primary disadvantage of doing this study is that there is a low questionnaire coming
from the respondents that greatly affects data collection. Relative to the latter, (Lutz
Heidemann, 2011) presented an assumption that only successful graduates respond
to tracer form, thus he reasons that graduate tracer studies cannot be

17
representative.It will also be a reason for inaccuracy of the survey results and be
biased towards results since only successful, therefore employed graduates, are
responding to the survey questionnaire.
In today’s economic situation, it is insufficient for a graduate to just know
about the context of a book. It is imperative that one must have mastered, if not,
comprehend, the skills needed for a job placement in order to establish one’s value
as a potential employee.Unemployment, nowadays, can be defined as a plague that
is wide spreading across countries where the symptoms are incompetence, lack of
eligibility, population growth, unavailable jobs, and labor-mismatch. (Shujaat
Farooq,2011) established that there is an existing labor mismatch in Pakistan.
Results states that about one-third of their graduates are mismatched either in over-
education or in under-education category and about one-fourth of their graduates
are mismatched in qualification; about half of them are over-qualified and the half
are under qualified. They also concluded that most of their graduates are employed
but is irrelevant to their field of specialization.
In order to combat unemployment and attain a higher degree of
“employability”, employees should be willing to take a higher degree of responsibility
for their careers and each individual should have the obligation to sustain his or her
capability and competence in order to be employable (Johansson & Tengblad, 2007).
This means that aside from obtaining a diploma after graduation, graduates should
keep themselves abreast with the changes and new trends in their respective field of
specialization by attending trainings and seminars conducted by various

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organizations in order for them to be competent and establish their edge over
competitors.
Local
In the local setting, (Gines, 2014) described tracer studies as a power tool
that documents the employment characteristics, transition to employment and the
level of satisfaction in terms of University service, learning and facilities. Other
objectives, relative to the latter, for conducting tracer studies were to determine if the
graduates undergo trainings and professional exam as well as advance studies after
graduating [Gicana, Sapul, & Penetrante, (2006)]. (Levy Verona, 2011) mentioned
that tracer studies are being done to provide a significant feedback to their
respective curriculum and reconnect the graduates to their alma mater.It will serve
as a bridge that will enable the graduates to tell their alma mater what is lacking
primarily on the services they have offered to them as well as the insufficiencies, if it
was established, on the respective course curriculum that makes them incompetent,
therefore unemployable.
Unemployment has been a major crisis in the Philippines ever since. (Faith
Cacnio, 2012) argued that high unemployment rate is one of the main challenges in
the Philippine economy. During 2011, the Philippines have the highest
unemployment rate, i.e. 7.0%, compared to neighboring Southeast Asian countries
(i.e. Indonesia, 6.7%; Malaysia, 3.1%; Thailand, 1.0%; and Singapore, 1.9%).It is the
reason that many Filipinos are still below the poverty line and yet, the government
was not able to do something about it. In relation to this line of thought, (Jasa, Jasa,
& Corpuz. 2013) cited that there is an existing labor and skills mismatch in our
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country, which leads to high employment rate. This is due to the fact that our
graduates do not have adequate skills to match the requirements of a particular
job.Relative to this issue, a job seeker, which cannot find a job relative to the skills,
and competencies he has will end up unemployed earning salaries analogous to
what he or she is supposed to be earning or worst, he will not be employed due to
lack of jobs available.
It was explained that education nowadays should exceed the academic
sphere (CHED & Arcelo, 2007) and it should focus in providing adequate skills,
knowledge, and values that will enable graduates to advance in their social,
economic, political, and spiritual well-being. The educational attainment of a person
will greatly reflect on the career and the job that he will pursue (Jasa, et. al, 2013).
This is and important factor to achieve a job since most of employers nowadays
requires prospective employees to be well educated (Verona, 2005).
Students, particularly graduates of any course, are required to earn a sense
of competence in their chosen field and develop confidence to explore new
possibilities and new employment specially that there is increasing competition
among rivals at work [Balingbing 2014 (as cited in Mathed, 2008)].
As graduates of higher educational institutions, they must show the world that
job-hunting is not a problem. At present, competition in the business or corporate
world is so stiff because of the increasing demand of the market. Only few are
employed which proves that these lucky applicants are the best among others.
Relatively, one, particularly a graduate of Information Technology, must possess

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competency among the three domains like, knowledge, skills and attitudes
required by the specific job. (Balingbing, 2014)
Review of Related Studies
Foreign
Chorvy Vhong, “Tracer Study 2014 Graduates of 2012” The primary objective
of this study was to find out the employment status of the graduates of Royal
University of Phnom Pehn. It also sought to find out on what relevant skills did their
graduates applied on their present job and how gender issues affect the employment
and career development of their graduates. The study intents to establish a
continuing evaluation process of the University performance and the findings of the
study helped RUPP identify its Expected Learning Outcomes (ELOs). The research
applied stratified random sampling for their sampling technique that lead to 570
samples size. Results shows that 84.6% of the total 932 graduates of their
graduates landed a job in a span of 12 months and the rest are either enrolled in a
graduate school or are still in the state of job hunting. The researcher concluded that
their graduates have many employment opportunities after graduating even if they
have minimal or no experience prior to employment. The study also found out that
aside from professional knowledge and skills that the graduates apply in their
respective jobs, employers have a strong demand for soft skills such as sense of
responsibility, confidence, reliability, problem-solving, initiative, willingness to learn,
ability to work under pressure, etc.
U Kyaw Kyaw, “A Tracer Study of Recent Graduates: Implications for
Education and Manpower Planning”. This paper sought to study the employment
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status of secondary and post-secondary graduates of the Myanmar as well as
successful trainees of private skill courses. It also aims to strengthen the education
and manpower-training program of Myanmar. The researcher used descriptive
method for the research design and random sampling to determine the samples.
Results show that out of 87 respondents, 37 are not employed. They found out that
graduates of higher education are not employed compared to those who finished
lower education.
Negus Kebedom, “Sheba University College Graduates Tracer Study”, the
purpose of this paper is to examine the adequacy or otherwise if Sheba University is
able to provide manpower to all sectors of Sheba. The researcher applied
descriptive method and simple random sampling for the sampling technique. For the
statistical treatment of data, he used percentiles, mean, standard deviation, and T-
test.According to their findings, majority of their graduates are government employed;
there is a significant unemployment of their graduates; distance learner grader and
competence is incompatible; and most of their graduates are highly attached with
Sheba University.
Punya Prasad Regmi, “Tracer Study of AIT Graduates”. This study aims to
trace that whereabouts of AIT (Asian Institute of Technology) graduates and find out
the effectiveness and relevance of AIT degrees as a resource and credential for
employment/job placement upon graduation from AIT. One of its objectives is also to
find out the professional status and ranks of the AIT graduates in their respective
employments. Also, it desires to ascertain the level of networking from AIT
graduates and recommendations to strengthen the existing network among them,

22
and finally, to assess the contribution of AIT graduates I the development of their
home countries and of the region. The proponents of this study used descriptive
research methodology by providing survey questionnaires to their graduates. They
conducted the survey thru email and personal interview. The study concludes that
overall findings provided a valid and solid ground that the graduates of AIT produced
highly qualified and committed professionals leading their region’s sustainable
development. It was found out that there is a high relevance between the AIT
curriculum and the graduate’s present employment as evidenced by the employers.
The researcher suggested that tracer study should be done periodically in order for
AIT maintain its mission and objectives.
Shongwe and Ocholla, “A tracer study of LIS graduates at the University of
Zululand, 2000-2009”. This paper aims to trace graduates of LIS (Library and
Information Science) graduates of University of Zululand from year 2000 to 2009 in
order to establish where they are, what are they doing, and what interventions can
be made to improve their professional activities and services. It also addresses how
many LIS graduates are employed, what particular industry are they employed, are
the skills, knowledge and attitude acquired from their LIS education relevant in their
current designation, and what LIS skills and knowledge are in demand.
Local
Celis, Festijo, & Cueto, “Graduates Employability: A trace Study for Bachelor
of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management”. This research paper sought to
trace the graduates of BS-HRM of Lyceum of the Philippines University from 2005-
2009. It also aims to find out the work related skills and values, which help the
23
graduates, land a job. Finally, this paper aims to improve the employment rate of
its graduates. Results show that salaries and benefits plays a big role when retaining
or leaving one’s job. It was also found out that the faculty members’ communication
and mastery skills contributed a lot to the graduates, which paved way to their job
placement. Finally, the researchers determined that the most useful competencies
obtained from LPU were human relation and communication skills, which was
relevant to their current jobs.
Macatangay, “Tracer Study of BSCS Graduates of Lyceum of the Philippines
University From 2004-2009”. This study determined the employment status of
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science graduates of LPU from 2004-2009. It also
aims to assess the relevance of the program curriculum in the current job of their
graduates. Based on their findings85% of the surveyed respondents are found to be
employed and majority of them have supervisorial, technical, and professional
position.
Ramirez, Cruz, & Alcantara, “Trace Study of RTU Graduates: An Analysis”,
This research paper sought to determine the field of specialization, employment
status of the graduates from Rizal Technological University particularly on their
graduates from College of Education, Arts and Sciences, and Business and
Entrepreneurial Technology, and if the skills and knowledge acquired from RTU are
relevant to their respective job placement. Based on the results, it was revealed that
most of the skills and competencies acquired from RTU greatly contributed to their
present employment. The results further provided that RTU graduates possesses
the skills and competencies necessary to succeed in this competitive world however
24
she also found out that RTU should expand tie-ups with private business entities
so it can improve high employability amongst their graduates.
Balingbing, “Tracer Study of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
(BSIT) Graduates of Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, Nabua, Camarines Sur
from 2004 to 2010”. This study was made to determine the employability status of
BSIT graduates from CSPCC and unveil specifically their personal profile, level o
difficulties encountered along knowledge, skills, and attitudes, and the measures to
enhance their competitiveness. Results shows that most of their respondents were
female, 20-25 years old, TESDA-certified, employed in private sectors, incompetent
in S.Y. 2003-2004, competent during S.Y. 2005-2010 and encountered difficulty
along knowledge, skills, and attitudes.
Synthesis of Related Literature and Studies
In the related literature, it was mentioned that unemployment is a common
problem existing in every country. Labor mismatch occurs due to over or under-
education of labor force that leads to unemployment or underemployment. Also, it
was presented that even if a student completes a higher education program, he will
still have difficulties finding a job because the skill and technical knowledge acquired
is inadequate or it does not meet the demands of the employer that leads to
underemployment or worst, unemployment. To solve this problem, HEIs together
with concerned government agencies devised tracer studies in order for them to
track the employment status of the graduates, determine if the instructions, trainings
and seminars provided to the students are adequate or it is relevant to the demands
of the employers. In this way, they could re-tool, modify, and enhance their
25
curriculum, training, and faculty instruction to cope up with the demands of the
employers as well as the economy in general.
In the presentation of related studies, it was observed that tracer studies are
conducted primarily to track the employment status of graduates of HEIs. It is
formulized to assess and evaluate the course curricula of the respective graduate
program in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. It helps the HEIs to whether
enhance the pool of faculty, instruction, modify the course curriculum, conduct
additional trainings and seminars for their students and graduates to cope up with
the trends of their respective courses. During the presentation, it was found out that
there do exist tracer studies for information technology, hotel and restaurant
management, computer science,which has same goals and objectives, and other
disciplines however, nothing was found particularly for customs administration.
Gap-bridged by the Study
The researcher’s review of related literature has been made and presented
and a gap has been discerned that no study was made upon the same researches
for Customs Administration. Based from the related materials, no study has found
out on the Customs Department, except for the related studies which similarly
focuses on the study of employment status, job satisfaction, and the factors affecting
the performance of the current job designations of the their graduates. No tracer
study was found specifically for the BS Customs Administration of Adamson
University batches 2009-2014. The researcher also established that the present
study would be the first to create a database of Customs Administration graduates,

26
for students who will conduct the same study to easily trace the whereabouts and
information of the graduates.

27
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter encompasses the research and study of the course undertaken and
method utilized by the researchers that provides detailed information of the overall
research method applied. The relevance of the study will also be introduced in this
chapter as well as the respondents of the study, data, and gathering procedures.
Research Design
The researcher applied descriptive survey method, which is used to find out
relative information by means of asking questions or using a questionnaire. By using
this type of research method, the researcher will be able to find out if the BSCA
graduates of Adamson University from batches 2009-2014 are already engaged in a
company neither relevant or not from their field of specialization. Also, it will also
showcase the applicability of the acquired skills and knowledge during their college
years. Finally, the research will be able to know the reasons of graduates when
choosing the job as well as the benefits, salary, and the expectations from their job.
Population, Sample Size and Sampling Techniques
The BSCA graduates from Adamson University from 2009-2014 are the
primary source of data wherein the researchers will send them a tracer form
provided by the Center for Guidance, Counseling, Testing and Placement office of
the said institution. Secondary sources of information came from books, journals,
unpublished materials and any other reading sources containing data relative to the
present study as well as Internet sources.

28
Description of the Respondents
BSCA Graduates Frequency Ratio Sample
2009 26 0.07 14
2010 33 0.09 17
2011 51 0.14 27
2012 60 0.17 32
2013 98 0.27 52
2014 93 0.26 49
Total 361 1.00 191
Table 1. Population of BSCA Graduates from 2009-2014
The one hundred ninety respondents who were the primary sources of data
were the respondents of BSCA graduates of Adamson University from 2009-2014.
The profile such as monthly income, industry they belong, employment status and
eligibility were primarily considered in the given questionnaire, as they will relate to
the response,that will served as indicators provided in the instrument. The
researchers determined the sample size to get the number of the respondents of the
study. The sampling procedure was done through the use of Slovin’s formula in
determining the sample size, as follows:
𝑁
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁𝑒 2
Where:
n = sample size/number of respondents
N = total population/total number of graduates

29
e = margin of error
1 = constant value
Stratifiedrandom sampling will be used to determine the respondents of the
study. According to www.explorable.com, stratified sampling is a probability
sampling technique wherein the researcher divides the entire population into
different subgroups or strata, then randomly selects the final subjects proportionally
from the different strata. (Saifuddin, Ahmed) explains that this sampling method is
used when population group may have different values for the response of interest
and is also used to ensure adequate sample size for each group. By using this
sampling method, it will give equal opportunity to each strata to participate in this
study.
Instrumentation
This study will use a modified survey questionnaire in the data gathering
procedure. The questionnaire that will be used is the Adamson Graduate Tracer
Survey, which will be taken from the office of Center for Guidance, Counseling,
Testing and Placement Services of Adamson University. The questionnaire was
customized to adapt to the objectives of this study and was validated by Dr. Anamie
Selencio and Prof. Aracelli Requinto prior to its deployment. It is composed of four (4)
parts. First, the General Information that is composed of data about the graduates
like name, address, contact number, year graduated, e-mail address and
professional examination passed. Second is the employment data which comprises
the graduate’s employment status, designation, company name, company address,
industry they belong, and monthly salary. Third tackles about the BSCA Skills and
30
Competencies vested under CHED memorandum 11-2005 and Iceberg Model.
The last part contains other information as to the suggestions of the graduates to
improve the BSCA curriculum.
Data Gathering Procedure
The preliminary gathering of data will first be conducted in the library where
the researcher was able to collate various reading materials that is relative to the
present study. The related literature and studies will be taken primarily from books;
articles and other related published materials. Secondary sources of data will be
taken from website and e-books.
Thru the help of the Office of the Registrar, the researcher will be able to have
a list of all the graduates of BS Customs Administration from batches 2009-2014
which will help the researcher in tracing the graduates. Also, the proponents of this
study will utilize social network sites such as Facebook and Twitter for ease of
communication with the respondents of this study. The survey question will be given
to the respondents personally, thru email, or thru social networking websites such as
Facebook, Twitter, etc.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The researchers will summarize the data though frequency counts and
percentages to answer the problems 1,2,3, and 4 of the study. The data was
analyzed using descriptive statistics in order to get the percentage. First, the
percentage was used to determine the portion of the graduates of each year
including on their status, along employment.
The formula to get the percentage is shown below

31
𝑓
𝑃= 𝑥 100
∑𝑓
Where: f = frequency
∑f = summation of frequency
100 = constant
Second, the proponent of this study used Likert scale to determine the
usefulness of the skills and competencies as well as the BSCA subjects in the
respective jobs of the graduates. Third, the researcher applied rankings to determine
the perception of the graduate respondents in the usefulness and relevance of the
skills and competencies encompassed in the CHED Memorandum Order 11-2005 &
Icerberg Model as well the subjects under the BSCA curriculum.

32
Chapter 4
BS CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION GRADUATES OF ADAMSON UNIVERSITY:
THE AVENUE FOR EMPLOYMENT
This chapter presents the results from the data collected thru survey using the
generally accepted statistical tools and principles. This study attempted to answer
the following questions mentioned in the statement of the problem.
1. What is the employment profile of the BS Customs Administration from
2009-2014 in terms of:
Table 1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to
their Monthly Salary
Monthly Gross Salary Frequency Percentage

P5,000 – P10,000 9 5%
P10,000 – P5,0000 50 29%
P15,000 – P20,000 66 38%
P20,000 – P30,000 34 20%
P30,000 and above 15 9%
Total 171 100%
Figure 1. Gross Monthly Salary
5,000 - 10,000
80 10,000 - 15,000
60 15,000 - 20,000
40 30,000 and above
20,000 - 30,000 20,000 - 30,000
20 15,000 - 20,000
10,000 - 15,000 30,000 and above
0 5,000 - 10,000
1
33
The Table 1 and Figure 1 showcase the Frequency and Distribution of the
respondents according to their gross monthly salary. Out of 171 respondents, it
shows that 5% or 9 out of 171 respondents has a monthly salary of P5, 000 – P10,
000, 29% or 50 out of 171 respondents has a monthly gross wage of P10, 000 – P15,
000, 38% of the respondents has a monthly salary of P15, 000 – P20, 000, and 9%
of them has a monthly salary of P30, 000 and above.
Based on the data collected, most of the graduates having a salary of
P15,000 – P20,000 are working in a Business Process Outsourcing such as call
centers and customs inspection, valuation, and classification services and Logistics
and Supply Chain Firms. Respondents having a monthly gross salary of P30,000
and above are currently working abroad as an OFW and working in a Marketing
industry which is perceived that their salary is on the basis of their output.
Respondents having a salary of P20,000 – P30,000 are currently working with the
Bureau of Customs, Academic Institution, and BPO industries. The graduates who
has a monthly salary of P10,000 – P15,000 is currently engaged in a Customs
Brokerage, Shipping Lines, & Freight Forwarding Industries. Finally, it was identified
that graduates who have a salary of P5,000 – P10,000 are presently engaged in a
Trucking, Customs Brokerage, and Logistics Industries.
The researcher suggests that gross monthly salary will still be based on
various factors such as job level, tenure of office, position in the company,
eligibilities (board passer), and educational attainment.

34
Table 2. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents
according to the Private Industry they belong
Industry Frequency Percentage

Academe 1 0.56%
Customs Brokerage 33 18.64%
Forwarding 32 18.08%
Shipping Lines 23 12.99%
Trucking 10 5.65%
BPO 34 19.21%
OFW 6 3.39%
Others 38 21.47%
Total 177 100%
Figure 2. Private Industry they Belong
OFW ACADEME
OTHERS CUSTOMS BROKERAGE
BPO FORWARDING
TRUCKING
SHIPPING LINES
SHIPPING LINES
TRUCKING
FORWARDING
BPO
CUSTOMS BROKERAGE
OTHERS
ACADEME
OFW
0 10 20 30 40
The Table 2 and Figure 2 present the frequency and percentage distribution
of the respondents according to the industry they belong. Out of 191 respondents,
only 177 answered to this survey question. Out of the 177, 0.56% works in the
Academe, 18.64% is currently working in a Customs Brokerage, 18.08% belongs to
the Freight Forwarding Business, 12.99% is in the Shipping Lines Industry, 5.65%
works in the Trucking Services, 19.21% belongs to the BPO offices, 3.39% works as
an Overseas Filipino Worker, and 21.47% belongs to the industries which include
35
Manufacturing, Logistics and Supply Chain, Food, Manning, Chemicals, Banking
and Finance, Airlines, Network Marketing, Construction, and Distribution Services.
Based on the data collected, the researcher of this paperposits that the
graduates of the BSCustoms Administration program of Adamson University are
employable in various sectors stated above. It is perceived that they can engage in
those industries, even though it is indirect to the field of customs administration,
provided that their job position is in line with importation or exportation. Hence,
graduates should not focus only on industries such as Customs Brokerage, Freight
Forwarding, and Shipping Lines but look for industries that offers jobs which fit their
specialization.
Table 3. Frequency And Percentage Distribution Of The Respondents
According To The Government Industry They Belong
Government Agency Frequency Percentage

Bureau of Customs 2 40%
Department of Science 1 20%
Philippine Navy 1 20%
and Technology
City Government of 1 20%
Total 5 100%
Makati
Figure 3. Government Industry they Belong
20% 20% DOST
BOC
20% PHILIPPINE
40% NAVY
CITY GOV'T OF
MAKATI
36
Table 3 and Chart 3 shows the frequency and percentage of the
respondents according to Government Industry they belong. Out of the 191
respondents, only 5 of them answered this survey. 40% works in the Bureau of
Customs, 20% in the Philippine Navy, 20% in thee Department of Science and
Technology, and 20% in the City Government of Makati.
The researcher of this paper postulates that the graduates of BSCA program
of Adamson University has also capability of being employed in different government
agencies such as Bureau of Customs, Department of Science and Technology,
Philippine Navy, and etc. Hence, the proponent of this study posits that graduates
also give themselves a chance to apply for a job in these government agencies.
Table4. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According
to their Employment Status
Employment Status Frequency Percentage

Regular 172 90%
Temporary 5 3%
Contractual 3 2%
Self-employed 2 1%
Unemployed 9 5%
Total 191 100%
Figure 4. Employment Status
1% 1% 5%
3%
Regular
Temporary
Contractual
90%
Self-employed
Unemployed
37
Table 4 and the Chart 4 show the frequency distribution of the respondents
according to their employment status. Out of 191 respondents, 90% have regular
status in their respective companies, 3% are temporary, 2% are contractual, 1% is
self-employed, and 5% are currently unemployed.
Based on the data collected, the researcher posits that most of the graduates
of the BSCA program of Adamson University are not underemployed which provides
a positive feedback on the course program itself which aims to, aside from
inculcating skills and competencies, provide a jobs to their graduates.
Table 5. Frequency and Percentage Distribution if the Respondents According
To Their Eligibility
Customs Broker Frequency Percentage
Yes 128 67%
No 63 33%
Total 191 100%
Figure 5. Eligibility of BSCA Graduates
Non-
customs
33%
broker
67%
CUSTOMS
BROKER
38
Table 5 and Chart 5 discuss the frequency and percentage distribution of
the respondents according to their eligibility. Out of 191 respondents, 67% were
found to have taken and passed the Customs Licensure Examination while the rest
of the 33%was identified as non-Customs Broker.
The proponent of this study finds it as a positive feedback on the course
program that despite that some of the respondents who are not Customs Brokers
still landed a job. Based on the data collected, they are still employable in various
industries such as BPO, Freight Forwarding, Customs Brokerage, Shipping Lines,
and other sectors of the economy. However, it was also established that some of
them are currently having a temporary and contractual status in their respective jobs
2. What are the skills/competencies under CHED Memorandum Order 11-2005,
which were utilized by Customs Administration graduates in their jobs?
Table 6. Frequency and ranking as to the usefulness of givingadvice or act as
consultant in matters relating to tariff and customs laws, regulations, affecting
or in connection with activities of importation and Exportation.
Scale Frequency Rank

Very Useful 58 2
Useful 80 1
Sometimes Useful 21 3
Not very useful 6 5
Not at all useful 17 4
Total 182
Table 6 presents the Frequency and Ranking of the usefulness of the
competency, i.e. giving advice or act as consultant in matters relating to tariff and
39
customs laws, regulations, affecting or in connection with activities of importation
and exportation. Results shows that out of 191 respondents, only 182 responded to
this question. 58 out of 182 graduates answered that this competency is very useful
in their current job placement. 80 out of 182 respondents answered that it is useful in
the present job. 21 out of 182 graduates answered that this is sometimes useful in
their current job. 6 out of 182 respondents shows that this is not very useful, and 17
out of 182 respondents shows that it is not useful at all.
Based on the data compiled, the researcher established that the graduates
find this competency useful in their respective jobs since most of them are currently
engaged in the industries where they match their specialization such as Customs
Brokerage, Freight Forwarding, Shipping lines which is in line with importation and
exportation. The proponent of this study also found out that some of the respondents
find it not useful in their present jobs since they are currently engaged in industries
which is not directly in-line with import and export.
Table 7. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness Of Preparing Customs
Requisite Documents For Import Or Export
Scale Frequency Ranking

Very useful 83 1
Useful 51 2
Somewhat useful 17 3
Not very useful 5 5
Not at all useful 26 4
Total 182
Table 7 shows the frequency and ranking of the usefulness of this
competency i.e. prepare customs requisite documents for import or export. Out of
40
191 respondents, only 182 graduates answered to this question. 83 out of 182
respondents shows that this competency is very useful in their present job. 51 of
them say that it is useful to their present designation. 17 of them answered that this
competency is somewhat useful to their current job, 5 out of 182 respondents says
that it is not very relevant to their present employment. 26 out of 182 graduates
determined that this is not at all useful.
.Based on the data compiled, the researcher established that the graduates
find this competency very useful in their respective jobs since most of them are
currently engaged in the industries where they match their specialization such as
Customs Brokerage, Freight Forwarding, Shipping lines which is in line with
importation and exportation. The proponent of this study also found out that some of
the respondents find it not useful in their present jobs since they are currently
engaged in industries which is not directly in-line with import and export.
Table 8. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Preparing
Declaration of Customs Duties and Taxes

Very Useful 75 1
Useful 47 2
Somewhat Useful 26 4
Not very Useful 6 5
Not at all Useful 28 3
Total 182
Table 8 presents the frequency and ranking of the usefulness of preparing
declaration of customs duties and taxes in their present employment. Only 182
graduates out of 191 responded to this survey. 75 out of 182 graduates determined
41
that this competency is very useful in their present employment making it the no. 1
in rank. 47 of them responded saying that it is useful in their current job, hence it is
2nd in the rank. 28 of the respondents answered that this is not at all useful in their
present job making it 3rd in the ranks. 26 of the respondents identified that this is
somewhat useful in their current job placement making it 4 th in rank. Finally, 6 out of
181 respondents said that this competency is not very useful in their current job
designation that makes it least in the ranking.
Table 9. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Preparing and
Processing Import and Export Entries and Documents required under the
Tariff and Customs Code of the Philippines for filing with the Bureau of
Customs and other Government Agencies
Scale Frequency Ranking

Very Useful 59 2
Useful 68 1
Not Very Useful 7 5
Not at All Useful 28 3
Total 182
42
Table 9 discusses the frequency and ranking of the usefulness of preparing
and processing import and export entries and documents under the Tariff and
Customs Code of the Philippines for filing with the Bureau of Customs and other
government agencies in the respondent’s present jobs. Out of 191 respondents, only
182 answered this survey question. Results shows that 68 out of 182 determined
that this competency is Useful in their current job making it 1st in the rankings. 59 out
of 182 established that it is Very Useful in their present employment making it 2 nd in
the ranks. 28 of the respondents mentioned that this is not at all useful in their
respective jobs resulting 3rd in the rankings. 20 graduates described that this
competency is sometimes useful in their jobs making it 4th in the rankings, and,
finally 7 respondents said that this is not very useful in their current job placements
making it last in the ranking.
exportation wherein the graduates are preparing import and export entries for
processing of import or export shipments with the Bureau of Customs. The
proponent of this study also found out that some of the respondents find it not useful
in their present jobs since they are currently engaged in industries which is not
directly in-line with import and export.

43
Table 10. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Represent
Importers And Exporters Before Any Government Agency Or Private Entity In
Cases Relating To Valuation And Classification Of Import And Export Articles

Very Useful 63 1
Useful 62 2
Not Very Useful 7 5
Total 182
Table 10 presents the frequency and ranking of the competency, i.e.
representing importers and exporters before any government agency or private
entity in cases relating to valuation and classification of import and export articles.
Out of 191 respondents, only 182 graduates responded to this survey. Majority of
the respondents, i.e. 63 out of 182, said that this competency is very useful in their
present jobs. 62 of them find it useful in their current jobs making it 2 nd in the ranking.
29 of them said that it is not useful at all, which is 3 rd in the rankings. 21 of the
graduates find it sometimes useful in the respective jobs making it 4 th in the rankings
and, finally, 7 out of 182 respondents established that it is not very useful in their
respective jobs.
According to the data compiled, the researcher was able to establish that this
competency is very useful in the most of the graduates’ respective jobs. The
proponent of this study posits that it was deemed useful in their jobs since most of
the graduates, based on the data, are currently employed in sectors which is related
to the BSCA program. However, it was also noticed that some of the graduates
44
responded that this competency is not at all since they are currently employed in
industries which is not directly related to customs administration.
Table 11. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Rendering
Professional Services In Matters Relating To Customs And Tariff Laws,
Procedures And Practices

Very Useful 63 1
Useful 62 2
Not Very Useful 10 5
Total 182
Table 11 presents the frequency and ranking of the competency, i.e. render
professional services in matters relating to customs and tariff laws, procedure and
practice. Out of 191 respondents, only 182 responded to this survey question. The
highest in rank, responded by 63 graduates out o 182, mentioned that this
competency is very useful in their respective jobs, which makes it 1st in the rankings.
62 of them answered that this competency is useful in their present jobs, which
makes it 2nd in the ranks. 26 out of 182 responded that it is not at all useful in their
jobs, which is 3rd in the rankings. 21 of them identified that is sometimes useful in
their current jobs and, finally, 10 out of 182 respondents find this competency not
very useful making it 4th and 5th in the rankings respectively.
45
Table 12. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Teaching Or
Conduct Researches

Very Useful 51 2
Useful 56 1
Not Very Useful 24 4.5
Not at All Useful 24 4.5
Total 181
Table 12 shows the frequency and ranking of the competency, i.e. teach or
conduct researches. Out of 192 respondents, only 181 answered to this survey
question. 56 respondents established that this competency is useful in their current
job placement, which makes it 1st in our rankings. 2nd in the rank shows that 51 of
the graduates answered that it is very useful in their respective job placements. 26
graduates identified that this competency is sometimes useful in their current jobs
making it 3rd in the ranks. 24 graduates said that this is not very useful and another
24 mentioned that it is not at all useful in their respective jobs, which tied the, 4 th in
rankings
46
exportation wherein the graduates are preparing import and export entries for
processing of import or export shipments with the Bureau of Customs. The
proponent of this study also found out that some of the respondents find it not useful
in their present jobs since they are currently engaged in industries which is not
directly in-line with import and export.
3. How useful are the BSCA subjects in their present employment?
Table 13. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Principles of
Customs Administration

Very Useful 71 2
Useful 72 1
Not Very Useful 6 5
Total 182
Table 13 presents the frequency and ranking the usefulness of the subject
Principles of Customs Administration in the respondent’s respective job. Out of 191
respondents, only 182 graduates answered to this survey. Results shows that 72 out
of 182 respondents answered that the learning’s in the subject are useful in their
current job, thus making it no.1 in the rank. 71 graduates responded that it is very
useful in their jobs. 21 respondents established that this subject is not at all useful in
their respective jobs making it 3rd in the rank. 12 respondents said that this subject is
47
sometimes useful and 6 out of 182 respondents said that this is not very useful in
the present jobs making it 4th and 5th in the rankings.
competency is useful in the most of the graduates’ respective jobs. The proponent of
this study posits that it was deemed useful in their jobs since most of the graduates,
based on the data, are currently employed in sectors which is related to the BSCA
program. However, it was also noticed that some of the graduates responded that
this competency is not at all since they are currently employed in industries which is
not directly related to customs administration.
Table 14. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of The Relationship
of Customs to International Trade

Very Useful 79 1
Useful 72 2
Sometimes Useful 5 4.5
Not Very Useful 5 4,5
Total 182
Table 14 presents the frequency and ranking of the usefulness of the
Relationship of Customs to International Trade subject in their respective job
placements. Out of 192 respondents, only 182 graduates answered to this survey
question. 1st in the rank, which was answered by 79 graduates, shows that this
subject is very useful in their present jobs. 72 respondents determined that this
subject is useful in their current jobs, which is 2nd in the rank. 21 graduates said that
this is not at all useful in their present job employment leading to 3 rd in the rankings.
48
5 students answered that it is sometimes useful and another 5 students
determined that the subject is not very useful in their respective job placements.
They are tied in the rankings, i.e. 4th.
Table 15. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Cargo Handling
and Port Operations and Law on Common Carriers

Very Useful 90 1
Useful 58 2
Total 182
Table 15 show the frequency and ranking of the usefulness of the subject
Cargo Handling and Port Operations and Law on Common Carrier in the
respondent’s present job employment. Out of 191 respondents, only 182 answered
to this survey question. 90 respondents determined that the subject is very useful in
their current job placements, which resulted as no. 1 in the rankings. 58 graduates
answered that the subject is useful, landing at 2nd place in the rankings, in their
49
current jobs. 20 respondents established that the subject matter is not at all useful
in their jobs, which makes it no. 3 in the rankings and, finally, 2 sets of 7 students
said that the subject is sometimes useful and not very useful in their respective job
designations making them tied at 4th place.
Table 16. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Freight Forwarding
and Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier

Very Useful 93 1
Useful 52 2
Not Very Useful 4 5
Total 182
Table 16 presents the frequency and ranking of the usefulness of the subject
Freight Forwarding and Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier in the respondent’s
jog designation. Out of 191 respondents, only 182 graduates responded to this
survey question. Most of the graduates numbering to 93 believed that the subject is
very useful in their jobs, which makes it no.1 in the ranking. 52 graduates answered
50
that the subject matter is useful in their jobs making it 2 nd in our rankings. 22 out of
182 respondents determined that this subject is not at all useful in their jobs. 11 said
that it is sometimes useful and only 4 graduates answered that it is not very useful
landing at 4th and 5th in the ranks respectively.
Table 17. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Warehousing in
General

Very Useful 65 1
Useful 49 2
Total 182
Table 17 showcases the usefulness of the subject Warehousing in General to
the respondent’s present job. Out of 191 respondents, only 182 answered to this
survey question. Results show that 65 among 182 graduates believed that this
subject is very useful, which makes it no. 1 in the list. 49 graduates said that the
subject is useful to their current job placement making it 2 nd in the rankings. 30

51
respondents answered that it is sometimes useful which makes it 3rd in the rank.
25 graduates responded and determined that the subject is not at all useful in their
jobs and finally, only 13 graduates determined that it is not very useful in their jobs
landing at 4th and 5th place respectively.
Table 18. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Customs
Administrative Proceedings

Very Useful 60 2
Useful 65 1
Total 182
Table 18 shows the frequency and ranking of the usefulness of the subject
Customs Administrative Proceedings. Out of 191 respondents, only 182 answered to
this query. 65 of the students out of 182 determined that this subject matter is useful
in their current jobs making it 1st in the rankings. 60 graduates established that this
subject is very useful in their respective job placements landing 2 nd place in the
52
rankings. 28 out of 182 respondents answered that this is not at all useful in their
present work, which is no. 3 in the rank. 16 graduates respond and expressed that
this subject is sometimes useful in their jobs, making it no. 4 in the rankings. Finally,
13 out of 182 graduates established that this subject is not very useful in their job.
Table 19. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Forms,
Documentations, Customs Procedures and Practices and Professional
Customs Broker Practice

Very Useful 90 1
Useful 53 2
Not Very Useful 4 5
Total 182
Table 19 presents the frequency and ranking of the usefulness of the subject
Forms, Documentation, Customs Procedure and Practices and Professional

53
Customs Broker Practice. Out of 191 respondents, only 182 answered to this
question. 90 of the graduates responded and determined that this subject is very
useful in their present work making it no. 1 in the rankings. 53 out of 182
respondents established that it is useful in their current job placement, making it 2 nd
in the rankings. 25 of them answered that this subject is not at all useful in their
present designation, which landed at 3rd place in the ranks. 10 of the respondents
mentioned that it is sometimes useful in their current jobs, making it 4 th place in the
jobs. Finally, 4 graduates answered that the subject matter is not very useful in their
present employment.
Table 20. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Ethics in Customs
Broker Profession

Very Useful 81 1
Useful 52 2
Total 182
54
subject Ethics in Customs Broker Profession in their current job placement. Out of
191 respondents, only 182 graduates answered to this query. 81 of them responded
and determined that this subject matter is very useful in their job placement, making
it 1st in the rankings. 52 respondents established that the concerned subject is useful
in their respective job placement landing 2nd in the rankings. 20 out of 182
respondents determined that it is not at all useful in their present job, making it 3 rd in
the rankings. 17 of the respondents answered that it is sometimes useful in their jobs
landing 4th place in the rankings. Lastly, 12 out of 182 respondents believed that the
subject matter is not very useful in their job placements.
Table 21. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Practicum 1

Very Useful 73 1
Useful 63 2
Not Very Useful 8 5
Total 182
55
subject Practicum 1 in the graduate’s respective job placement. Out of 191
respondents, only 182 graduates answered to this question. 73 of them believed that
this subject matter is very useful in their job placements landing 1 st in the rankings.
63 of the respondents answered that it is useful in their respective offices, making it
2nd in the rankings. 23 out of 182 respondents established that the current subject is
not at all useful in their present work landing 3rd in the list. 14 of the respondents,
making it in the 4th place, believed that the subject is sometimes useful in their
current jobs and, finally, only 8 of the respondents determined that it is not very
useful in their respective job designations.
Table 22. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Practicum 2

Very Useful 73 1
Useful 63 2
Total 182
56
Table 22 showcases the frequency and ranking of the usefulness of the
subject Practicum 2 in the respondent’s current job placement. Out of 191
respondents, only 182 answered to this survey. 73 of the graduates believed that
this subject matter is very useful in their current job placements landing 1 st in the
rankings. 63 of them answered and determined that the concerned subject is useful
in their jobs, falling no. 2 in the rankings. 23 out of 182 graduates said that it is not at
all useful, placing 3rd in the ranks. 12 of the respondents established that it is
sometimes useful and finally 10 of them said that it is not very useful landing 4 th and
5th in the rankings.
Table 23. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of The Philippine
Tariff System and Its Principles

Very Useful 81 1
Useful 53 2
Not Very Useful 8 5
Total 182
57
Philippine Tariff System and Its Principles. Out of 191 respondents, only 182
graduates answered to this question. 81 of them believed that it is very useful in their
current jobs, making it 1st in the rankings. 53 graduates established that it is useful in
the current jobs, falling 2nd place in the ranks. 24 of the respondents answered that
the subject is not at all useful in their workplace, landing 3 rd in the rankings. 15
graduates said that it is sometimes useful in their jobs, making it 4 th place in the
rankings and, finally, 8 out of 182 graduates respondent and determined that the
subject is not very useful, landing 5th place in the ranks.
Table 24. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Classification,
Examination and Appraisal of Imported Articles

Very Useful 77 1
Useful 55 2
Total 182
58
subject Classification, Examination and Appraisal of Imported Articles. Out of 191
respondents, only 182 answered to this question. 77 out of 182 respondents
answered and believed that the concerned subject is very useful in their current jobs,
making it 1st place in the rankings. 55 of them answered that it is useful in their
present work, falling 2nd place in the list. 24 graduates determined that the subject
matter is not at all useful in the current job, making it 3 rd place in the ranks. 15
graduates determined that it is sometimes useful in their current work and, finally, 11
out of 182 respondents believed that the subject in questions is not very useful in
their current job places landing at 4th and 5th places.
Table 25. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Basis of Dutiable
Value

Very Useful 77 1
Useful 56 2
Not Very Useful 6 5
Total 182
59
subject Basis of Dutiable Value in their current job places. Out of 191 respondents,
only 182 graduates answered to this question. 77 respondents answered and
believed that the subject matter is very useful in their current job places, making it 1st
in the rankings. 56 graduates determined that is useful in their work, falling 2 nd place
in the list. 24 respondents established that it is not at all useful in their present job,
making it 3rd in the rankings. 19 of the graduates said that it is sometimes useful in
the respective work places and, finally, 6 out of 182 graduates believed that the
current subject matter is not very useful in their present job employments, landing 4 th
and 5th place in the ranks.
Table 26. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Import taxation

Very Useful 71 1
Useful 61 2
Not Very Useful 6 5
Total 182
60
subject Import Taxation in their present job placement. Out of 191 respondents, only
182 graduates answered to this query. 71 of them believed that the subject matter is
very useful in their current job places, making it 1st in the rankings. 61 of the
respondents established that it is useful in their current work, falling 2 nd in the list. 24
graduates determined that it is not at all useful, landing 3 rd place in the rankings. 20
of them answered that it is sometimes useful and, finally, 6 out of 182 graduates
believed that the subject matter is not very useful in their current job places, landing
4th and 5th in their current jobs.
Table 27. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Liquidation of
Import Duties

Very Useful 76 1
Useful 53 2
Not Very Useful 4 5
Total 182
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subject Liquidation of Import Duties in their current job placements. Out of 191
respondents, only 182 graduates responded to this question. 76 of them believed
that the subject matter is very useful in their current job, making it 1 st in the rankings.
53 of the respondents answered that it is useful in their present work, falling 2 nd in
the list. 26 of the graduates determined that the subject matter is not at all useful in
their present job, landing 3rd place in the rankings. 23 graduates answered that it is
sometimes useful in their current job placement and, finally, 4 out of 182 graduates
established that the subject matter in question is not very useful, making it 4 th and 5th
in the rankings
Table 28. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Special Duties,
Flexible Clause and other Trade Agreements

Very Useful 67 1
Useful 53 2
Total 182
62
Table 28 presents the frequency and rankings of the usefulness of the
subject Special Duties, Flexible Clause, and other Trade Agreements. Out of 191
respondents, only 182 graduates answered to this question. 67 of them believed that
it is very useful in their current job placement, making it 1st in the rankings. 53 of
them responded that it is useful in their current jobs, falling 2 nd place in the rankings.
28 of the graduates said that it is not at all useful, landing 3 rd place in the list. 20
respondents said that it is sometimes useful in their present work and, finally, 14 out
of 182 respondents determined that this subject matter is not very useful in their
current jobs, landing 4th and 5th place respectively.
Table 29. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Tariff Laws and
Jurisprudence

Very Useful 71 1
Useful 56 2
Total 182
63
Table 29 showcases the frequency and ranking of the usefulness of the
subject Tariff Laws and Jurisprudence in the respondent’s respective job
designations. Out of 191 respondents, only 182 graduates answered to this question.
71 of them believed that the subject matter is very useful in their current jobs,
making it 1st in the rankings. 56 of the graduates answered that it is useful in the
present work, falling 2nd place in the list. 25 respondents said that it is not at all
useful in their current job places, landing 3rd place in the rankings. 18 respondents
said that it is not very useful and, finally, 12 out o 182 respondents said that it is
sometimes useful in their respective job placements, making it 4th and 5th place in
the rankings.
4. What are the skills and competencies, under the Iceberg Model, that they
have learned in Adamson University, which is relevant to their present job?

64
Table 30. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Communication
Skills

Very useful 144 1
Useful 36 2
Not Very Useful 1 3
Not at all Useful 0 4.5
Total 181
Table 30 presents the frequency and ranking of the communication skills,
which they have learned in Adamson University and is being useful in the
respondent’s current job. Out of 191 respondents, only 181 answered this question.
144 of the respondents determined that this competency is very useful in their
current work, thus it was ranked 1st. 36 of the graduates said that it is useful in their
present employment, falling 2nd place in the rankings. Only 1 out of 182 respondents
determined that is it not very useful in his/her present job. No respondents answered
to the sometimes useful and not at all useful scale, which makes them tied in the 4 th
place.
The researcher posits that the graduates find this skill useful in their current
job since they apply it daily in their tasks and their employers find it essential in an
employee. The proponent of this study also suggests that, to be employable,
graduates should possess this skill.

65
Table 31. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Analytical
Reasoning

Very Useful 121 1
Useful 58 2
Total 182
Table 31 presents the frequency and rank of the skill/competency, i.e.
analytical reasoning, which they have learned in Adamson University and is being
useful in the respondent’s respective jobs. Out of 191 respondents, only 182
answered to this query. 121 of the graduates determined that this competency is
very useful in their present work, making it 1st in the ranking. 58 of the respondents
answered that it is useful in their current jobs, falling 2nd in the list. 3 out of 182
graduates established that it is sometimes useful in their current job places, landing
3rd place in the ranks. There were no respondent who answered to the scale not
very useful and not at all useful.

66
Table 32. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Motivation

Very Useful 123 1
Useful 50 2
Not Very Useful 1 4
Total 182
Table 32 showcases the frequency and ranking of the motivation skills that
the respondent gained from Adamson University and is being useful in their current
job placements. Out of 191 respondents, only 182 graduates answered to this
question. 123 of them believed that this skill/competency is very useful in their
current job, making it 1st in the rankings. 50 answered that it is useful in the present
work, falling 2nd in the rankings. 8 of them determined that it is sometimes useful and,
finally, only 1 out of 182 graduates said that it is not very useful in his or her current
work, which makes it 3rd and 4th on the rankings. No respondent answered to the not
at all useful scale
Table 33. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Creativity

Very Useful 99 1
Useful 68 2
Not Very Useful 4 4
Total 182
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Table 33 presents the frequency and ranking of the creativity skill that the
respondents gained from Adamson University and is being applied in their current
work. Out of 191 respondents, only 182 answered to this question. 99 of them said
that this skill/competency is very useful in their current jobs, making it 1 st in the
rankings. 68 of the respondents determined that it is useful in the present work,
falling 2nd in the rankings. 11 of the respondents said that it is sometimes useful,
landing 3rd place in the list and, finally, 4 out of 182 respondents answered that it is
not very useful in the present jobs, making them 3rd and 4th place in the list. No
respondent answered to the not at all useful scale.
Table 34. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Independence

Very Useful 129 1
Useful 47 2
Total 182
Table 34 showcases the frequency and ranking of the independence skill that
was learned by the respondents from Adamson University and is being useful in the
respective job placements. Out of 191, only 182 responded to this query. 129
graduates established that this competency is very helpful in their current work,
making it 1st in the rankings. 47 graduates established that it is useful in their present
68
jobs, falling 2nd in the list. 4 out of 182 respondents answered that it is sometimes
useful in their current jobs, making it 3rd in the ranks. No respondent answered to the
not very useful and not at all useful scales.
Table 35. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Commitment

Very Useful 137 1
Useful 41 2
Total 182
Table 35 shows the frequency and ranking of the commitment
skill/competency that the respondents learned from Adamson University and is being
applied in their current job. Out of 191 respondents, only 182 answered to this
question. 137 of them find this skill/competency very useful in their current job, which
makes it 1st in the rankings. 41 graduates established that this is useful in the current
work, falling 2nd in the list. Only 4 out of 182 respondents said that it is sometimes
useful in their jobs, landing 3rd in the ranks. No respondent answered to the not very
useful and not at all useful scale.

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Table 36. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Emotional
Stability

Very Useful 116 1
Useful 58 2
Total 182
Table 36 presents the frequency and ranking of the emotional stability
competency that the respondent’s learned from Adamson University and is being
applied in their current jobs. Out of 191 respondents, only 182 answered to this
query. 116 of them said that this skill/competency is very useful in their current jobs,
making it 1st in the ranks. 58 of them find it useful in their jobs, falling 2nd in the ranks.
8 out of 182 graduates determined that it is sometimes useful in their respective
employment, landing 3rd in the ranks. No respondent answered to the not very useful
and not at all useful scales.
Table 37. Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness of Leadership

Very Useful 130 1
Useful 48 2
Total 181
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Table 37 presents the frequency and ranking of the leadership competency
that the respondent’s learned from Adamson University and is being applied in their
current jobs. Out of 191 respondents, only 182 answered to this query. 130 of them
said that this skill/competency is very useful in their current jobs, making it 1 st in the
ranks. 48 of them find it useful in their jobs, falling 2 nd in the ranks. 3 out of 182
graduates determined that it is sometimes useful in their respective employment,
landing 3rd in the ranks. No respondent answered to the not very useful and not at all
useful scales.
5. What are the suggestions to improve the BSCA curriculum?
Table 38. Suggestion to Improve BSCA Curriculum
Suggestion Frequency Rank
More field exposure for students and OJT hours 4 1
Include Logistics and Supply Chain Management 3 2
Include SAP training in the Curriculum 1 4.5
Lessen Minor Subjects 1 4.5
Remove/lessen Accounting Subjects in the Curriculum 2 3
Total 11
Table 38 shows the suggestions of the respondent’s to improve the BSCA
curriculum. 1st, It was observed that the graduates gave suggestions to have an
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additional on-the-job training hours for the student to have a better exposure in the
corporate world. 2nd, the graduates also suggests that the BSCA curriculum should
incorporate Logistics and Supply Chain Management so that the market of a BSCA
graduate will expand even more. 3rd, they also suggest to provide trainings on SAP
(Systems and Process) because according to them, most of the companies
nowadays are looking for applicants who knows about that system. 4 th, they also
want that minor subjects will be lessen so that the students will focus more on their
major BSCA subjects. 5th, they also suggested that the accounting subject be
removed or lessen since it is not being applied in their current work.

72
Chapter V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the summary of findings of educational research based on the
indicated data set forth from the statement of the problem; thus, every table has an
analysis and interpretation and the conclusion were drawn for further
recommendation.
Summary of Findings
The study aims to determine the employment profile of the BSCA graduates
of Adamson University from 2009-2014, which includes all variable like: present
address, contact number, email address, year graduated, professional examination
passed. The study also determined the skills and competencies vested under CHED
memorandum 11-2005 that is relevant to respondent’s present employment. Also,
the study aims to determine the relevance of the major subjects of the BSCA
curriculum to the respondent’s present work. It also determined the relevance of the
skills and competencies mentioned in the Iceberg Model in their respective job
placements. Finally, this paper would like to know the suggestions from the
respondent to improve the BSCA curriculum.
General Profile
The study consisted of 191 graduates of BS in Custom Administration from
Adamson University from 2009-2014. In terms of eligibility, it was found out that 67%
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or 128 out of 191 respondents are Licensed Customs Broker and 33% or 63 did
not took or failed to pass the Customs Broker Licensure Examination
Employment Profile
In terms of employment profile of the respondents, it was found out that
majority of the group are currently employed in private and government services.
Most of them were found working in a job relevant to their field of specialization such
as Customs Brokerage, Logistics and Supply Chain, Freight Forwarding,
Trucking/Transportation and Shipping Lines. Some of them are also employed in
different government agencies such as Bureau of Customs, Department of Science
and Technology, Philippine Navy, and Local Government of Makati. The researcher
also found out that significant numbers of respondents are currently working in
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) companies such as call center agencies,
sales and marketing, etc. It was also found out that BSCA graduates are also
employable in the field of banking & finance, food services, chemical, and
manufacturing industry.
BSCA Skills and Competencies Under CHED Memorandum Order 11-2005
In terms of skills and competencies embedded under CHED Memorandum
Order 11-2005, the researcher found out that most of the graduates apply these
skills to their current jobs. This is perceived to the fact that most of them are
currently employed in the job areas that are relevant to their field of specialization.
However, most of them find these skills and competencies irrelevant to their
74
respective jobs. This is because some of the BSCA graduates from Adamson
University are presently employed in the industries that are somehow irrelevant to
their field of expertise.
BSCA Major Subjects
In terms of the relevance of BSCA major subjects in the respondent’s present
work, the researcher found out that majority of the respondents find these subjects
very useful in their respective job places. This is perceived to the fact that most of
the respondents are currently employed in the industries, which are relevant to their
course program such as Customs Brokerage, Freight Forwarding, Logistics &
Supply Chain, etc. It was also found out that there are also graduates who find these
subjects irrelevant to their current jobs because some of them are working in BPO’s
such as call centers, marketing, and sales industries.
Competencies under Iceberg Model
In terms of the skills and competencies mentioned in the Iceberg Model, it
was found out that most of the respondents fully apply them in their respective work
places. These soft skills such as communication, analytical reasoning, motivation,
creativity, emotional stability, independence, commitment, and leadership were
believed to have been learned during their stay in Adamson University and is being
applied in their current jobs.

75
Suggestions to Improve BSCA Curriculum
Based on the findings, it was found out that most of the respondents suggests
that there should be an increase on the on-the-job training hours in order for trainees
to be more familiar in the corporate world specially for areas that they apply their
specialization. Some of the graduates also suggest that trainings for Systems and
Process (SAP) should be part of the curriculum for this is essential knowledge for
business nowadays and it will increase the employability for the BSCA graduates.
Also, they also suggest that minor subjects must be decreased or removed in order
for the students to focus more on their major subjects. In line with this thought,
graduates suggest that accounting subjects particularly financial accountings 1 to 3.
It is perceived that graduates suggest the all of these due to their real life experience
in the outside world and so that the future graduates will not experience those things
and be more highly competitive and employable.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the researcher arrived with the following conclusions:
1. Majority of the graduates are currently employed
2. Most of the respondents have regular status in their respective jobs
3. Majority of the graduates are currently employed in the industries which is
relevant to their specialization
4. Majority of the graduates has a monthly salary of P15, 000 – P20, 000
5. Majority of the graduates is Licensed Customs Broker by profession

76
6. Majority of the subjects in the BSCA curriculum are useful in the
respondent’s current work
7. Majority of the skills and competencies vested under CHED Memorandum
Order 11-2005 are useful in the respondent’s current job
8. Majority of the soft skills mentioned in the Iceberg Model is relevant or
useful in the respondent’s current employment designation
9. Most of the suggestions to improve the BSCA curriculum is to increase the
work hours for OJT
Recommendations
Based from the conclusions, the following recommendations were drawn:
1. The Government, especially Commission on Higher Education (CHED), to
heighten its mandate, should pursue all BSCA graduates to take the Customs
Broker Licensure Examination for them to be able to obtain a competitive edge over
competitors in the labor force and to increase employability as well. Also, they
should also consider lessening or removing minor subjects under CHED
Memorandum 11-2005, which are not relevant or useful in the present jobs of
Customs Administration graduates. Finally, CHED should also continue to supervise,
strengthen, and improve the BSCA program since the findings project thatthe
graduates of this program are employable in various sectors, thus, the program is
contributing to the economy of the Philippines.

77
2. The administration of Adamson University is recommended to look into
the BSCA curriculum to determine the minor subjects that is necessary to be
removed in order for the students to focus more in their major subjects. Also, the
researcher would like to recommend that Adamson University should organize
trainings on SAP and other trainings relevant to the needs of the BSCA graduates so
that they will be well versed with the skills and competencies needed for the to be
employed. Finally, they should continue to improve, strengthen, and supervise the
course program in order to help their graduates land a job in a short period of time.
3. The faculty of the Customs Administration Department is recommended by
the researcher to look into the feedbacks that came from the graduates, which
reflects the areas where they lack and sectors to improve. They should also
inculcate in the students the actualand legal application of customs and tariff laws
and different areas of the curriculum and not teach the student by the contents of the
book only so that they will not be shocked of the corporate scene once they
graduate and land a job. Finally, they should continue to improve faculty instruction
in order for their graduates to be fluent of the tariff and customs laws, rules and
regulation, concerning customs administration.
4. The students of BSCA of Adamson University should continue to study
very well in order for them to land a job. They should also have a knowledge that
there are various industries that is accepting BSCA graduates, thus there is an
assurance that they can really land a job after graduation. Finally, they should take
78
the Customs Broker Licensure Examination for them to be more eligible and have
their edge over other competitors.
5. Future researchers, which will conduct tracer studies, should continuously
trace their graduates in a timely manner in order for the concerned department or
institution to regularly supervise their graduates’ employment status.

79
REFERENCES
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Raimundo, Alexandra, & Varanda, Marta (2014). Employability and Higher
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Unemployment and Job Insecurity in the Midst of Economic Growth: The
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Applications. University of Alberta
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Myth? Results from the German Cooperation Project Tracer Studies
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Graduates’ Expectations and Possibilities After Graduation: Gothenburg
Research Institute (GRI), School of Business, Economics, and Law, Goteborg
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Gines, Adelaida (2014). Tracer Study of PNU Graduates: Philippine Normal

University
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CPU College of Computer Studies Graduates from 2001 to 2005. University
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Jasa, M. D., Jasa, M. A, & Corpuz, Edralyn (2013). Labor Mismatch in the
Philippines: Analysis of the Impact of Education-Occupation Mismatch on
Wage and Analysis of the Beveridge Curve. Economics Department, Faculty
of Arts and Letters University of Sto. Tomas.
Commission on Higher Education & Arcelo, Adriano. CHED Graduate Tracer Study
Balingbing, Arly (2014). Tracer Study of BS in Information Technology (BSIT)

Graduates of Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges, Nabua, Camarines Sur
from 2004 to 2010.
Vong, Chorvy (2015). Tracer Study 2014 Graduates of Year 2012.
Kyaw Kyaw, U (1992). A Tracer Study of Recent Graduates: Implications for

Education and Manpower Planning. Myanmar Education Research Bureau
Kebedom, Negus (2010). Sheba University College Graduates’ Tracer Study.

Quality Assurance Curriculum and Research Office. Sheba University College
Regmi, Punya Prasad (2009). Tracer Study of AIT Graduates
Shongwe, Mzwandile & Ocholla, Dennis. A Tracer Study of LIS Graduates at the
University of Zululand, 2000-2009: Department of Information Studies,
University of Zululand
Celis, M. I., Festijo, Billy, & Cueto, Aristeo (2013). Graduate’s Employability: A
Tracer Study for Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management.
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Macatangay, Luisa (2013). Tracer Study of BSCS Graduates of Lyceum of the

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Bloomberg School of Public Health
Repbulic Act No. 9280 –Customs Broker Act of 2004
CHED Memorandum Order 11-2005 – Minimum requirement for the BS Customs

Program
81
Online
http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/generaltheory
https://explorable.com/stratified-sampling
https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/survey/labor-force
http://www.unam.edu.na/unam-foundation/graduates/
82
APPENDICES
Sample Survey Questionnaire
Dear Graduate:
Good day! Kindly complete this GTS questionnaire as accurately & frankly as possible by
checking (/) the box corresponding to your response. Your answers will be used for research
purposes primarily in order to assess the graduate employability and eventually, improve
course offerings to your alma mater particularly in the BSCA program. Your answers to this
survey will be treated with strictest confidentiality.
GRADUATE TRACER SURVEY (GTS)
PART 1. GENERAL INFORMATION
1.Name (Optional) ______________________________________________

2. Permanent Address ______________________________________________
3. Contact No. ______________________________________________
4. E-mail address: ______________________________________________
5. Year Graduated ______________________________________________
6. Professional Examination Passed
Name of Date Taken Rating
Examination
PART 2. EMPLOYMENT DATA

7. Present Employment Status
83
[ ] Regular [ ] Contractual [ ] Unemployed
[ ] Temporary [ ] Self-employed
8. Designation _________________________________________________
9. Company Name _________________________________________________
10. Company Address _________________________________________________
11. Industry you are presently employed in. Check only one
Private:
[ ] Customs Brokerage [ ] Shipping Lines
[ ] Freight Forwarding [ ] BPO
[ ] Academe [ ] Trucking
[ ] Other(s), please specify _________________________
Government:
[ ] Bureau of Customs [ ] Department of Finance
[ ] Bureau of Internal Revenue [ ] Bureau of Immigration and
Deportation
[ ] Other(s), please specify ________________________
Overseas Filipino Worker [ ] Which country? _____________
12. What is your gross monthly earning?
[ ] Below P5,000.00 [] P15,000.00 to less than P20,000.00
[ ] P5,000.00 to less than P10,000.00 [ ] P20,000.00 to less than P30,000.00
[ ] P10,000.00 to less than P15,000.00 [ ] P30,000.00 and above
PART 3BSCA SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES
13. Kindly rate the skills/competencies of a BS Customs Administration graduate based on

CHED Memorandum Order 11-2005 that you find useful in your current job. (Very useful=4
Useful= 3 Somewhat useful =2 Not very useful =1 Not at all useful= 0)
Please tick the number that best suites your
Skills/Competencies
answer
84
0 1 2 3 4
Give advice or act as consultant in matters
relating to tariff and customs laws, rules,
regulations, and other laws, and
regulations affecting in connection with
activities of importation and exportation.
Prepare customs requisite documents for
import or export
Prepare declaration of customs duties and
taxes
Prepare and process import and export
entries and documents required under
Tariff and Customs Code of the
Philippines (TCCP) for filing with the
Bureau of Customs and other government
agencies
Represent importers and exporters before
any government agency or private entity in
cases relating to valuation and
classification of import and export articles
Render professional services in matters
relating to customs and tariff laws,
procedures and practices
Teach or conduct researches
14. Kindly rate the major subjects under the BSCA curriculum that you find relevant to your
present employment. (Very relevant=4, Relevant=3, Sometimes Relevant=2, Not Very
Relevant=1, Not Relevant=0)

Subject Description answer
0 1 2 3 4
Principles of Customs Administration
The Relationship of Customs to
International Trade
Cargo Handling and Port Operations and
Law on Common Carriers
85
Freight Forwarding and Non Vessel
Operating Common Carrier
Warehousing in General
Customs Administrative Proceedings
Forms, Documentations, Customs
Procedures and Practices and Professional
Customs Broker Practice
Ethics in Customs Broker Profession
Practicum 1
Practicum 2
The Philippine Tariff System and Its
Principles
Classification, Examination and Appraisal
of Imported Articles
Basis of Dutiable Value
Import Taxation
Liquidation of Import Duties
Special Duties, Flexible Clause and other
Trade Agreements
Tariff Laws and Jurisprudence
15. Kindly rate the soft skills, based on the Iceberg Model, that you learned in Adamson
University which you find useful in your current job. (Very Useful=4, Useful=3, Sometimes
Useful=3, Not Very Useful=2, Not Very Useful=1, Not Useful=0)

Soft Skills answer
0 1 2 3 4
Communication Skills
Analytical Reasoning
Motivation
86
Creativity
Independence
Commitment
Emotional Stability
Creativity
Leadership
PART 4. OTHER INFORMATION
16. List down suggestions to improve your course curriculum
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Thank you very much!
__________________________
Signature Over Printed Name

87
CURRICULUM VITAE
MICHAEL M. VALDEZ, LCB

PH2 BLK 11 LOT11 MARYCRIS HOMES BUCANDALA IMUS, CAVITE
09151964238: michaelmvaldez@gmail.com
WORK EXPERIENCE
Paragon Brokerage Inc.June 2012 — December 2012
Customs Representative
Responsibilities:
1. Preparation of import documents (e.g. Bill of lading, Packing List, Invoice, Import Entry,
Import Clearance, etc.) for clearance of goods at the Bureau of Customs;
2. Computation of Duties and Taxes;
3. Classificaiton of imported articles;
4. Processing of import clearance at Bureau of Customs;
5. Other duties as may be instructed by direct superior from time to time.
Emerson Electric Asia, ROHQJanuary 2013 — June 2013

Project Based Administrator
Responsibilities:
To support key members of the “Oracle CRM On Demand” Implementation team by providing
ongoing CRM database maintenance and participating in the implementation and training of
Oracle JDI (Joint Distribution Implementation – Sales Order Management & Inventory,) within
Australia, New Zealand and Manila working with Order Administration Manager, and I.T.
Application Specialist.
Webb Fontaine Asia July 2013 — November 2013

Customs Research Analyst
Responsibilities:
1. Authenticates the validity of trade transactions either through research (on price, on the
company, on the industry or on the commodity) and/or direct communication with Exporters.
2. Verifies if amounts declared in trade documents are in accordance to agreed terms of
Buyer & Seller
3.Validates if these terms are aligned to the valuation principles mandated by the WTO
Agreement on Customs Valuation.
4. Conducts appropriate research methodologies to extract export prices of specific
commodities and provides analyses of relevant information gathered.
5. Updates and maintains applicable databases (e.g. market research DB, and the like).
6. Monitors and ensures the data integrity of all information in these databases.
7. From researches and investigations conducted, prepares and submits Commodity Price
Research reports. These reports include, among others: identification of countries of origin,
product brief, world market analysis, local & international industry profiling, transactional &
non-transactional price indications, and conclusions, if any.
88
8. Provides timely and effective responses to the Webb Fontaine network in relation to
inquiries concerning essential product requirements, valuation service request inquiries.
9. Assists in the resolution of valuation cases, and other requests and / or inquiries by the
utilization of technical expertise on specific goods or commodity.
Webb Fontaine Asia November 2013 — December 2014

Petition Analyst
Responsibilities:
1. Analyze the documents filed by petitioners/importers/exporters and the documents
submitted in support of the petition;
2. Review the relevance and significance of all the documents provided in support of the
petition or claim, to determine if there is any merit for a review or reassessment of the
valuation and classification opinion as provided by the relevant VC analyst;
3. Conduct comprehensive investigation and evaluation of transaction and assure
appropriate valuation methods based on GATT Valuation Methodology and WCO HS
classification opinions were applied by the relevant VC/Research analyst;
4. Utilize applicable business rules, explanatory notes, compendium, and other related or
similar references when providing valuation and HS classification opinions which would result
to either the rejection or acceptance of a petition;
5. Reject or accept petitions based on quality and technically-defensible opinions on HS
classifications of product descriptions and the WTO Agreement on Customs Valuation.
6. Provide a concise and complete correspondence stating reasons for rejection or
acceptance of a petition;
7. Assure a timely and correct completion of petition response as per any agreed service
standard timeframes; and
Webb Fontaine Asia January 2015 — Present

Petition Specialist
Responsibilities:
1. Provides coaching on classification of commodities in the Harmonized Tariff
System Nomenaclature and customs valuation methods plus correct technical
correspondence relating to Petition.
2. Evaluate and analyze transactions submitted to Customs Arbitration Committees
as may be required;
89
3. Review and analyze HS classification and valuation assessment on trade
transactions provided by WF analysts using applicable rules in the WCO HS
Classification and WTO Agreement on Customs Valuation;
4. Provide significant and sufficient evidence to support/reject the customs valuation
and HS classification opinion made by WF utilizing information present in WF Price
5. Database and apply appropriate research methodologies if needed;
QUALIFICATIONS
1. Customs Brokers Licensure Examination (2012)
2. Petition Analyst of the Year (2013)
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
BS – Customs Administration (June 2009 – March 2012
Master in Customs Administration (June 2013 – Present)
REFERENCES
1. Novie Shane F. Florida, LCB-MCA
Consultant – Paragon Brokerage Corp.
Mobile: 09176550100
2. Jayvee Ann B, Magdarag, LCB

Customs Research Analyst – Webb Fontaine Asia
Mobile: 09773319160
3. Julio B. Corsino
Budget Officer – Court of Appeals
Mobile: 09178710466

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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY

College of Business Administration

TRACEABILITY OF BS CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION GRADUATES OF

I would like to acknowledge the following persons who supported me in this

To my fiancé, Jayvee Ann B. Magdarag, for her unwavering support

To my mother, Resie R. Mabunga, for her endless support to me in finishing

To my adviser, Araceli B. Requinto, for sharing her knowledge and creative

To my thesis professor, Dr. Anamie R. Selencio, for sharing her expertise in

To the panel of thesis examiners,

Dr. Luz Dasmariñas, Francis Clark Adriano, Araceli Requinto, Anamie

To my friends, who gave me inspiration and moral support to finish my thesis

Approval Sheet …………...……………………………………………. iii

Certification of Originality ................................................................ iv

Table of Contents ............................................................................ vi

List of Tables ................................................................................... xxv

List of Figures .................................................................................. xxvii

Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the Study ................................................................. 2

Theoretical Framework .................................................................... 5

Conceptual Framework .................................................................... 6

Statement of the Problem ................................................................. 7

Scope and Limitations ................................................................. 9

Significance of the Study.................................................................... 10

Definition of Terms ............................................................................ 11

Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Local Literature ............................................................................... 18

Foreign Studies .............................................................................. 20

Local Studies .................................................................................. 22

Gap-bridged by the Study .............................................................. 25

Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Population, Sample Size, and Technique ..................................... 27

Description of the Respondents .................................................... 28

Data Gathering Procedure .......................................................... 30

Statistical Treatment of Data .......................................................... 30

Chapter 4 PRESENTATION ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents

Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness Of Giving

Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness Of Preparing

Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Preparing

Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness Of Representing

Frequency And Ranking As To Rendering Professional Services

Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness Of Teaching

Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Principles

Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of The

Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness Cargo Handling

Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Freight

Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness Of Warehousing

Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Customs

Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Forms,

Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Ethics in

Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Practicum 1......... 54

Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of the

Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness Classification,

Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Basis of

Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Import Taxation .. 59

Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Liquidation

Frequency And Ranking As To The Usefulness Of Special Duties,

Frequency and Ranking as to the Usefulness of Tariff Laws