A Detailed Lesson Plan in

Biology III

I. Objectives

At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:

1. Understand the fundamental role of chromosomes and genes in

hereditary variations.
2. Demonstrate understanding of the Mendelian principles of
heredity.
3. Students will be able to complete monohybrid cross problems.
4. Understand the Non-Mendelian patterns of heredity.
5. Students will apply their knowledge of Punnett squares to
real-world situations.

II. Subject Matter

MENDELIAN AND NON-MENDELIAN LAWS OF HEREDITY

Reference: Science and technology II-Biology textbook

pp.: 166-183
Materials: Laptop with LCD Monitor,
Values: Enjoyment, Participate actively

III. Lesson Proper/Procedures

A. learning activities

Teacher’s Activity Student’s activity

“Good morning class....” “Good morning sir!”

“Let us pray first....” (One student will lead the

(checking of attendance )
...say present...
Please pick up the pieces of
paper under your chair”
“So how was your weekend?”
Prayer)
(Students raise their hand and
say present as the teacher
calls in their name)
(Students pick up the pieces of
paper)

That’s good!
“ it was great
sir”
B. REVIEW

Before we proceed to our lesson,

let’s have a review from our
past lesson

What you called the long tail- Sir, “

like structure usually you can FLAGELLUM”
see in the sperm cell?
“SCROTUM”
This is a human reproductive
parts, a sac contained
testicles? “ESTROGEN”
This is a sex hormone produce by
ovaries of the female? “UMBILICAL
CORD”
This is a cord that connects the
embryo and the placenta?

It is a watery, yellowish-white “COLOSTRUM”

fluid secreted by the mother’s
mammary gland?

C. Motivation
“Yes
For this morning our discussion sir!”
will be about genetics. Before
that, are you familiar with
Ushers & Will I. Am Song- “OMG”

“Ok that’s good, “

In the board I post a song

related to our discussion. The
title of the song “GREG MENDEL &
MEOSIS Song.” tune: OMG by
Ushers & Will I. Am “Yes”
“So are you ready to sing and
have fun today?

WARM UP

Let us sing “Greg Mendel and

Meiosis Song.” tune: OMG by
Ushers & Will I. Am

Greg Mendel
Greg Mendel
He did it again, so I'm gonna
let the beat drop

Greg Mendel

Mendel had a
Mendel had a
Mendel had a

Chorus

Mendel had a garden

There's so many different pea
plants ( Student
They had different kinds of Sing )
seeds
Some green and some were yellow
Then he thought, Oh my gosh,
different traits
He found heredity, he makes me
wanna say
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh,
oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh,
Greg Mendel

Chant (Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh,

oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh) He
makes me wanna say

Chant (Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh,

oh, oh,) Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh,
oh, oh, oh

Mendel made a wise decision when

he chose to study peas
They are either really t-t-tall
or short, and droppin' low
Mendel crossbred pea plants they
were either tall or small
Parent Generation; this is what
he called them
All of the plant offspring were
tall, tall, tall
He was so surprised he said,
Wow, oh, wow
Then F-Generation, pollinated
themselves
Tall, tall, tall, Small, But how
could that be 'cause
None of the parents were small
Then he checked for other traits
Color, seed coat, and all, and
all, and all
Chorus

It's dominant, recessive genes

Alleles control inheritance
Let's set up a Punnett Square
Genetic possibilities
Phenotype is physical, visible
But Genetic Mix is Genotype,
He makes me wanna' say
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh,
oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh,
Greg Mendel ( Student
Sing )
Chant (Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh,
oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh ) He
makes me wanna say

Chant (Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh), He

makes me wanna say, Oh, oh, oh,
oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh

Meiosis is where cells will

split to end with half the
number
Chromosomes for sex cells, egg
and sperm pair with each other
Every chromosome is copied,
they're held together,

Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh,

Meiosis 1

Pairs line up the middle then,

spread apart
Two cells form with half the
number, split apart
Chromosomes are double stranded-
not for long

This is all repeated in Meiosis

2
Centromeres split each strand
into two
Four sex cells have been
produced
Now with a chromosome, from
each, first pair.

Half-time Chorus ( Student Sing

)
Mendel had a garden
There's so many different pea
plants
They had different kinds of
seeds
Some green and some were yellow
Then he thought, Oh my gosh,
different traits
He found heredity, he makes me
wanna say
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh,
oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh,
Greg Mendel

Chant (Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh,

oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh) Greg
Mendel
_______________________________
Chant ( Oh, oh, oh, oh, (oh my), ___
oh, oh, oh, (oh my), oh, oh, oh,
(oh my)) Greg Mendel Sir, the song is all about
Gregor Mendel and his different
Greg Mendel pea plants found in their
He did it again garden. He noticed why the pea
So I'm gonna let the beat drop plants different physical
appearances some green and some
Oh, oh, oh my were yellow, the shape of the
Oh, oh, oh my, my, my, my, my, seeds have round and wrinkled,
my and they have small and tall
Greg Mendel pea plants…. he do an
experiments and observation and
Oh, oh, oh my then he thought all the pea
Oh, oh, oh my, my, my, my, my, plants have diff. traits and he
my discover hereditary...
Greg Mendel …It is very important the
hereditary traits come from our
Oh, oh, oh my beloved parents….
Oh, oh, oh my, my, my, my, my,
my
Greg Mendel
________________________________
___

Okay now class, What can you say

about the song?
 “That was a very good
explanation; you know what class
simply tells us something that
it very important the works of
Gregor Mendel the Words
“HEREDITARY” and we also thank
our parent why we have a
beautiful, handsome faces, and
healthy body because of her
hereditary traits that we
acquired.
“Everybody had just sung very
well, it’s now time to proceed
to our discussion about
Mendelian and Non-mendelian laws
of heredity.
Presentation of the Lesson
A. Discussion
Okay, classes as you have said
earlier, Gregor Mendel he
discovered the hereditary traits
from the parents to offspring by
using his experiment the pea
plants from their garden. Before
that, we should know first who
is Gregor Mendel and his
contribution in the field of
Genetics.
MENDELIAN AND NON-MENDELIAN
LAWS OF HEREDITY
Here is a PowerPoint
presentation regarding our
subject matter.
Follow me as I read it.
B. Analysis
1. The gene for red hair is
recessive to the gene for black
hair. What will be the hair
colour of a person if he
inherits a gene for red hair
from his mother and a gene for
(Students listen
attentively)
The color of their hair
is black because the genes of
their father much dominant
rather than their mother. The
gene of the mother is recessive
only.
The blood group characteristic
in humans is controlled by
three set of alleles, namely,
IA, IB, and i. The alleles, IA
and IB, are equally dominant
whereas allele, i, is recessive
to the other alleles. The
individuals with genotype, IA
IA and IA i, have blood group A
whereas the individuals with
genotype, IB IB and IB i, have
blood group B. The persons with
genotype IA IB have blood group
AB while those with blood group
O have genotype ii. Hence, if
the father has blood group A
and mother has blood group B,
then the possible genotype of
the parents will be
Father Mother A IA or IA i IB
IB or IB i
A cross between homozygous
parents will produce progeny
black hair from his father?
2. A child has blood group O. If
the father has blood group A and
mother blood group B, work out
the genotypes of the parents and
the possible genotypes of the
other offsprings.
with AB blood group.
A cross between heterozygous
parents will produce progenies
with AB blood group
(IAIB) and O blood group (ii).

C. Generalization

Differentiate the three Mendel’s

law of genetics?

1. The Law of Dominance: In a

cross between contrasting
homozygous individuals, only one
form of the trait will appear in
the F1 generation - this trait
is the dominant trait.
2. The Law of Segregation:
during the formation of gametes,
alleles responsible for a trait
separate; this allows for
recombination during
fertilization.
3. The Law of Independent
Assortment: alleles responsible
for different traits are
distributed to gametes (and thus
the offspring) independently of
each other.

What is the difference between

recessive traits to dominant
traits?

-Well Dominant traits will

always be expressed or shown,
while recessive traits will be
hidden by the dominant trait
unless both parents have the
recessive trait then it will be
shown. E.g. Blonde hair and Blue
eyes are both traits that are
recessive, while black or brown
hair and brown eyes are dominant
traits.

D. Application

ACTIVITY:
DIRECTION: Read and understand
carefully the problem. Solve the
problem on sex-linked genes.

Hemophilia, a sex linked trait, (Student perform the

is a disorder in which the activity)
afflicted person’s blood does
not clot very slowly. As a
result, even small cuts result
in extensive or prolonged
bleeding. How is the gene for
hemophilia inherited?

Examine table
1. it gives the possible
combinations of sex chromosomes
for this trait and the
corresponding phenotype for each
combination

TABLE 1-Genotypes and phenotypes

involved in inheritance of
hemophilia.

GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE

XHXH Normal
Female
XHXh Normal
Female/ Carrier
XhXh
Hemophiliac Female
XHY Normal
Male
XhY
Hemophiliac Male

2. A carrier female (XHXh) is

crossed with a normal male (XHY)

a.) Determine the expected

genotypic & phenotypic ratios
among the offspring.
b.) What percentage of female
offspring is normal?
c.) What percentage of
hemophiliac?
d.) What percentage of the
male offspring is normal?
e.) what percentage is
hemophiliac

3. A carrier female (XHXh) is

crossed with a hemophiliac male
(XhY)

4.Using the ff. information

mentioned complete the ff. table
(Student perform the
activity)

BLOOD TYPE

FATHER MOTHER

A B O

PART II
DIRECTIONS: (Student perform the
1. Given this across, RrYy x activity)
RrYy, Fill-up the Punnet Squares
with the correct answer. And
answer the guide question.
2. Identify the traits of the
pea’s seed if the shape –round
or wrinkled and the color-
yellow or green. Draw inside the
diagram.

R R r R

Y Y Y y
R RR
Y YY

y
r

Y
r

R-Round Seed
r- Wrinkled Seed
Y-Yellow Seed
y- Green Seed

3. Describe the Genotype and

Phenotype of the offspring.
4. Compute the percentage of
each genotype and phenotype

GUIDE QUESTION:

1. How many phenotypes are

there? Genotypes?

2. Describe the phenotype and

genotype of the ff.
A.) RR x Yy C.) Rr
x yy
B.) Rr x Yy D.)
rr x yy

3. Give the phenotypic and

genotypic ratio of the dihybrid
cross.

IV. Evaluation
DIRECTION:
I. Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Gregor Mendel was:
A) An English scientist who carried out research with Charles
Darwin
B) A little known Central European monk
C) An early 20th century Dutch biologist who carried out genetics
research

2. Which of the following statements is true about Mendel?

A) His discoveries concerning genetic inheritance were generally
accepted by the scientific community when he published them
during the mid-19th century.
B) He believed that genetic traits of parents will usually blend
in their children.
C) His ideas about genetics apply equally to plants and animals.

3. Mendel believed that the characteristics of pea plants are

determined by the:
A) Inheritance of units or factors from both parents
B) Inheritance of units or factors from one parent
C) Relative health of the parent plants at the time of
pollination

4. An allele is:
A) Another word for a gene
B) A homozygous genotype
C) A heterozygous genotype
D) One of several possible forms of a gene

5. Phenotype refers to the ______ of an individual.

A) Genetic makeup
B) Actual physical appearance
C) Recessive alleles

6. When the genotype consists of a dominant and a recessive

allele, the phenotype will be like ________ allele.
A) The dominant
B) The recessive
C) Neither

7. Assuming that both parent plants in the diagram below are

homozygous, why would all of the f1 generation have yellow
phenotypes?

A) Because the f1 genotypes are homozygous

B) Because yellow is dominant over green
C) Because both parents passed on yellow alleles

8. The idea that different pairs of alleles are passed to

offspring independently is Mendel's principle of:
A) Unit inheritance
B) Segregation
C) Independent assortment

9. In the diagram below, what accounts for the green pea seed in
the f2 generation?

A) On average, 1 out of 4 offspring of heterozygous parents will

be homozygous recessive.
B) The yellow allele is dominant over the green one.
C) The f1 generation parents are homozygous yellow.

10. The idea that for any particular trait, the pair of alleles
of each parent separate and only one allele from each parent
passes to an offspring is Mendel's principle of:
A) Independent assortment
B) Hybridization
C) Segregation

11. A pure-breeding plant with red flowers is crossed with a

pure-breeding plant with white flowers. The offspring all have
pink flowers. What type of inheritance is involved here?
A) Co-dominance
B) Multi-gene phenotype
C) Incomplete dominance

II.
A father of four children has blood type A. the mother has blood
type O. explain why three of their children have blood type A
while are child has blood type O.

V. Assignment
1. What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
2. What are the two classes of nitrogen-bases and identify the
nitrogen bases are found in DNA and RNA?
Find the meaning of the following
A. genome C. transcription
B. protein synthesis D. translation
E. mRNA G. rRNA
F. tRNA
 References:
Any BIOLOGY book or search through internet.
Prepared By:
Boneo, Ian
B.
BSED III