 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

0
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ?   ? EF ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ? ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬          ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ،     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

1
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 

‫א‬ ‫א‬
٥ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٧ DESTRUCTIVE TESTS ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٨  Bending Test E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
٩  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
١١  Tensile Test ‫א‬‫א‬
١٣  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٦  Elongation‫א‬
 ١٨  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
٢٠  ‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F
٢٣  Compression Test ‫א‬‫א‬
٣٢  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ٣٣  ImpactTest‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ٤٣  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٤  K‫א‬
 ٤٧  Non-destructive Testing‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٨ visual inspection‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥١  the test measurement tools‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٥٤  Dye penetrantE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٥  Ultrasonic waves‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٧  E X-ray testEXF‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٩  ‫א‬‫א‬

2
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ٦٠  K‫א‬
 ٦١  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
  

3
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٦F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  

4
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

5
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٦F  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ 
  K 
 K(Data Show) 
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٧٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٦٤F‫א‬
 
 
 
 

6
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 DESTRUCTIVE TESTS ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Bending Test ‫א‬‫ א‬K١

 Tensile Test ‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 ImpactTest‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
  K‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

7
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Bending Test E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

KEUF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١ J١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
E١ J١F ‫א‬  

 

 

 

 

8
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
    ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E٢ J١F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬E٢ J١FF‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬C‫א‬C‫א‬F‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬ K٤
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

9
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  W‫א‬

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Tensile Test ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J١F‫א‬

 W

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬
K‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ 

11
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫ א‬E١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫ א‬E٢
  K‫א‬
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

12
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
E٣ J١F ‫א‬  
 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤ J١F ‫א‬  
 
 
 

13
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 E٥ J١F ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

14
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
  K ‫א‬ K٤
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
 K‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

15
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Elongation‫א‬
 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬E٦ J١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
E٦ J ١F ‫א‬
 

 
  E٧ J١F ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

16
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

17
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 DIN (50125) ‫א‬E ٦F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J١F‫א‬
 

 
 
 E٨ J١F 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬F‫א‬ K١
  K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
  KE‫א‬–‫א‬FE‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬ K٤

18
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

19
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F

  W‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬ K٢
  K‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬0.5% ±‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
  K‫א‬‫א‬  J

  K‫א‬  J


‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬  J


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
(Mm)‫א‬‫א‬(Kn)‫א‬‫א‬20mm
 W

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬ J٣K‫א‬ J٢K‫א‬‫ א‬ J١

20
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬ J٦K‫א‬ J٥K‫א‬‫א‬ J٤ 

 W‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

21
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 
 
 
 
 

22
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Compression Test ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE٩ J١F ‫א‬
 
 
 
 

23
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬K١
  K‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٠ J١F‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٠ J١F‫א‬
 

24
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١١ J١F‫ א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

25
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٢ J١F‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  W‫א‬‫ א‬E١
  K‫א‬‫א‬١٠W٨Z‫ א‬ J
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
  W‫א‬‫ א‬E٢
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
  K‫א‬  J

26
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  W‫א‬‫ א‬E٣
  K‫א‬‫א‬٠{٩Z‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  J
  K‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬KE١٣ J١F ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K 

 
 

27
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬ 
  K‫ א‬
  K‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫ א‬

 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ E١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬E٢
‫א‬‫א‬،E١٤ J١F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٥ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

28
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE١٤ J١F ‫א‬
 
 

29
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE١٥ J١F ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬E٣
  K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬E٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬
  E١٦ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

30
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE١٦ J١F‫ א‬ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

31
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

 W‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
    ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E١٧ J١F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E١٧ J١F،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٣‫א‬E٢٥–٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬C‫א‬F‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬–‫א‬FE‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬ K٤
:‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
:‫أﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
:‫إﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬
:‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﻀﻐﺎط اﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬
:‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‬

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  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ImpactTest‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
E١٨ J١F ‫א‬  

33
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 KE١٩ J١F‫א‬
 

 
E١٩ J١F ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  KIZOD‫א‬‫א‬E٢Kcharpy‫ א‬E١
  Wcharpy‫ א‬E١

 W‫א‬
،١٠،٥٥‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٠ J١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
 
 
 
 

 

34
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
E٢٠ J١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  
 

 
E٢١ J١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

35
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

 
‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢ J١F‫א‬  
 

 WIZOD‫א‬‫ א‬E٢

 W‫א‬
‫א‬EVF‫א‬10x10x75mm‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٢٣ J١F‫א‬2mm45
 KE٢٤ J١F‫א‬

 
‫ א‬‫א‬ KE٢٣ J١F ‫א‬  
 
 
 
 

36
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢٤ J١F ‫א‬  
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫ א‬
  K‫א‬ 
  K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
  W‫א‬‫ א‬E١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 

37
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  W‫א‬ E٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬
  W‫א‬ E٣

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬1L4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
45‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٢٥ J١F‫א‬
 

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥ J١F
0.67‫א‬ 5mm  ‫א‬‫א‬
 

38
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 EJF  EmmF‫א‬
5.4  
9.5 0.17
11.3 0.34
18.6 0.68
  W‫א‬‫א‬ E٤

E٢٦ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٦ J١F‫א‬
 

39
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٧ J١F‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٧ J١F‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

40
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
،Impact Testing Machine‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E17kg.mF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  Kcharpy‫א‬‫א‬E30kg.mF،Izod‫א‬‫א‬
KEcharpy.IzodF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

  K‫א‬‫א‬

 WEprocedureF‫א‬‫א‬
  :charpy‫א‬W
  K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
  K‫א‬
  KE30kg.mF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
  K‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
  K‫א‬ K٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨

41
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬W
  K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
  KE17kg.mF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
  K‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٩

 WResult and calculation ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EToughnessF
 KEcharpy.IzodF‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ Izod charpy
T.T

 
 
 
 
 

42
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
  K‫א‬ K‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬  K‫א‬
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

43
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  
     
 
        K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K١
        K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٢

        K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٣

        K‫א‬‫א‬  K٤

        K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٥
        K‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
        K‫א‬‫א‬  K٧

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬????‫א‬،
 K‫א‬

 
 

44
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

45
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
:‫ﺑﺈآﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺪرب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺘﺪرب ﻗﺎدرًا ﻋﻠﻰ‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
KEXF‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٠F  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ 
  K 
 K(Data Show) 
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٧٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٦٤F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 

46
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Non-destructive Testing‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ..‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 .‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
KE‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 

47
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Kvisual inspection‫א‬‫ א‬E١
Kthe test measurement tools‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٢
Kthe test dye permeating‫א‬‫ א‬E٣
KUltrasonic waves testing‫א‬‫ א‬E٤
KX-ray test‫א‬‫ א‬E٥
Wvisual inspection‫א‬‫ א‬E١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ٪١٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K 
K 
 K 

 W ‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫ א‬

 

48
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫ א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE‫ א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬KK‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١ J٢F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 

49
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫ א‬KE١ J٢F ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،Shot blasting‫א‬Sand blasting‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KPhototubes‫א‬Photocells‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 

50
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Wthe test measurement tools‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٢

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬  J

 KE٢ J٢F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 E٢ J٢F‫א‬  
K‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬ K٧

 
 
 

51
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬  J


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ETF‫א‬
 KE٣ J٢F
 

 
 E٣ J٢F ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬ K٦
 K‫א‬ K٧

EF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥ J٢FE٤ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 

52
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  

 
 
 E٤ J٢F ‫א‬
 

 
 
 E٥ J٢F ‫א‬
 

 
 
 E٦ J٢F ‫א‬

53
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W Dye penetrantE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  K‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬ 
  K‫א‬EF 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 

 
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٧ J٢F‫א‬  
 
 

54
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WUltrasonic waves ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٨ J٢F‫א‬

 
 E٨ J٢F ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٨ J٢F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬3/2‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  
 
 

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  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬KE٩ J٢F‫א‬  
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
  K‫א‬ K٢
  K، K٣
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
  K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥

 
 E١٠ J٢F ‫א‬  
 

56
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W( X-ray test (X)‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،(X)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬E١١ J٢F
،‫א‬(X)‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
EXF‫א‬‫ א‬KE١١ J٢F ‫א‬  
 
 F‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬. (X) ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 .‫א‬

57
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
E١٢ J٢F ‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

58
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 ‫؟‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬W٣
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  
     
 
        K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١
        KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢

        K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣

        K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤

        K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬????‫א‬،
 K‫א‬
  

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  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬LK
L‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٤٣٢K‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬K‫א‬K  K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK،L
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KK‫א‬
KKKLK‫א‬KL K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
www.newmantools.com gauge weldgaugeindex.htmL‫א‬

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