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M85-17 Cemento Portland
M85-17 Cemento Portland
Portland Cement
Accessed by account: (UCR) Universidad de Costa Rica | Date: Thu Oct 12 17:51:35 2017 | IP address: 163.178.101.228
Standard Specification for
Portland Cement
1. SCOPE
1.1. This specification covers ten types of portland cement as follows (see Note 1):
1.1.1. Type I—For use when the special properties specified for any other type are not required;
1.1.2. Type IA—Air-entraining cement for the same uses as Type I, where air entrainment is desired;
1.1.3. Type II—For general use, more especially when moderate sulfate resistance is desired;
1.1.4. Type IIA—Air-entraining cement for the same uses as Type II, where air entrainment is desired;
1.1.5. Type II(MH)—For general use, more especially when moderate heat of hydration and moderate
sulfate resistance are desired.
1.1.6. Type II(MH)A—Air-entraining cement for the same uses as Type II(MH), where air entrainment is
desired.
1.1.8. Type IIIA—Air-entraining cement for the same use as Type III, where air entrainment is desired;
1.1.9. Type IV—For use when low heat of hydration is desired; and
1.2. When both SI and inch-pound units are present, the SI units are the standard. The inch-pound units
are approximations listed for information only.
1.3. The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These
notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements
of the standard.
3. TERMINOLOGY
3.1. Definitions:
3.1.1. portland cement—a hydraulic cement produced by pulverizing clinker, consisting essentially of
hydraulic calcium silicates, and usually containing one or more of the following:
water,
calcium sulfate,
up to 5 percent limestone, and
processing additions.
4. ORDERING INFORMATION
4.1. Orders for material under this specification shall include the following:
5. INGREDIENTS
5.1. The cement covered by this specification shall contain no ingredients except as follows:
5.1.2. Water or Calcium Sulfate or Both—The amounts shall be such that the limits shown in Table 1 for
sulfur trioxide and loss on ignition shall not be exceeded.
5.1.3. Limestone—The amount shall be not more than 5.0 percent by mass such that the chemical and
physical requirements of this standard are met (see Note 3). The limestone, defined in ASTM C51,
shall be naturally occurring and consist of at least 70 percent by mass of one or more of the
mineral forms of calcium carbonate. If limestone is used, the manufacturer shall report the amount
used, expressed as a percentage of cement mass, as determined using Annex B, along with the
oxide composition of the limestone.
Note 3—This standard permits portland cement to contain limestone, but does not require that
limestone be an ingredient in the cement. Cement without ground limestone can be specified in the
contract or order.
5.1.4. Inorganic Processing Additions—The amount shall not be more than 5.0 percent by mass of
cement. Not more than one inorganic processing addition shall be used at a time. For amounts
greater than 1.0 percent, they shall have been shown to meet the requirements of M 327 for
inorganic processing additions in the amount used or greater. If an inorganic processing addition is
used, the manufacturer shall report the amount used, expressed as a percentage of cement mass,
along with the oxide composition of the processing addition (see Note 4).
Note 4—These requirements are based on data and recommendations by Taylor. 1
5.1.5. Organic Processing Additions—These additions shall have been shown to meet the requirements
of M 327 in the amounts used or greater, and the total amount of organic processing additions
used shall not exceed 1.0 percent of the weight of portland cement clinker.
5.1.6. Air-Entraining Addition (for Air-Entraining Portland Cement Only)—The interground addition
shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C226.
7. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
7.1. Portland cement of each of the ten types shown in Section 1 shall conform to the respective
standard physical requirements prescribed in Table 3. In addition, optional physical requirements
are shown in Table 4.
8. SAMPLING
8.1. When the purchaser desires that the cement be sampled and tested to verify compliance with this
specification, sampling and testing should be performed in accordance with R 71.
8.2. Method R 71 is not designed for manufacturing quality control and is not required for
manufacturer’s certification.
9. TEST METHODS
9.1. Determine the applicable properties enumerated in this specification in accordance with the
following methods:
10. INSPECTION
10.1. Inspection of the material shall be made as agreed on between the purchaser and the seller as part
of the purchase contract.
11. REJECTION
11.1. The cement may be rejected if it fails to meet any of the requirements of this specification.
11.2. At the option of the purchaser, retest, before using, cement remaining in bulk storage for more
than 6 months or cement in bags in local storage in the custody of a vendor for more than
3 months after completion of tests. Reject the cement if it fails to conform to any of the
requirements of this specification. Cement so rejected shall be the responsibility of the owner of
record at the time of resampling for retest.
11.3. Packages shall identify the mass contained as net weight. At the option of the purchaser, packages
more than 2 percent below the mass marked thereon shall be rejected. If the average mass of
packages in any shipment, as shown by determining the mass of 50 packages selected at random,
is less than that marked on the packages, the entire shipment shall be rejected.
12.2. When limestone is used, the manufacturer shall state in writing the amount thereof and,
if requested by the purchaser, shall supply comparative test data on chemical and physical
properties of the cement with and without the limestone (see Note 7). The comparative tests do not
supersede the normal testing to confirm that the cement meets chemical and physical requirements
of this standard. The amount of limestone in cement shall be determined in accordance with
Annex B.
Note 7—Comparative test data may be from qualification tests performed by the
manufacturer during formulation of the cement with limestone.
12.3. At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall report the total chloride content in percent
by mass of the cement in the manufacturer’s report (see Note 8).
14. STORAGE
14.1. The cement shall be stored in such a manner as to permit easy access for proper inspection and
identification of each shipment, and in a suitable weather-tight building that will protect the
cement from dampness and minimize warehouse set.
16. KEYWORDS
16.1. Hydraulic cement; portland cement; specification.
A1.2. When expressing phases, C = CaO, S = SiO2, A = Al2O3, F = Fe2O3. For example, C3A =
3CaO·Al2O3. Titanium dioxide and phosphorus pentoxide (TiO2 and P2O5) shall not be included
with the Al2O3 content. See Note A1.
Note A1—When comparing oxide analyses and calculated phases from different sources or from
different historic times, be aware that they may not have been reported on exactly the same basis.
Chemical data obtained by Reference and Alternate Test Methods of T 105 (wet chemistry) may
include titania and phosphorous as alumina unless proper correction has been made (see T 105),
while data obtained by rapid instrumental methods usually do not. This can result in small
differences in the calculated phases. Such differences are usually within the precision of the
analytical methods, even when the methods are properly qualified under the requirements of
T 105.
A1.3. When the ratio of percentages of aluminum oxide to ferric oxide is 0.64 or more, the percentages
of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracalcium aluminoferrite
shall be calculated from the chemical analysis as follows:
tricalcium silicate (C3S) = ( 4.071× % CaO ) − ( 7.600 × % SiO 2 ) −
( 6.718 × % Al2 O3 ) − (1.430 × % Fe2 O3 ) − (A1.1)
( 2.852 × % SO3 )
When the alumina-ferric oxide ratio is less than 0.64, a calcium aluminoferrite solid solution
(expressed as ss(C4AF + C2F)) is formed. No tricalcium aluminate will be present in cements
of this composition. Dicalcium silicate shall be calculated as in Equation A1.2. Contents of this
solid solution and of tricalcium silicate shall be calculated by the following formulas:
A1.5. In the absence of information on limestone or inorganic processing additions content, results shall
note that no adjustment has been made for possible use of limestone or inorganic processing
additions.
A1.6. When inorganic processing additions, limestone, or both are used with the base cement (portland
cement clinker and any added calcium sulfate), the contents of C3S, C2S, C3A, and C4AF, shall be
adjusted as follows:
The percentage of C3S, C2S, C3A, and C4AF in the base cement (see Note A2) shall be determined
based on chemical analyses using methods in T 105 and using Equations A1.1 to A1.6 as
appropriate. The contents of each of these phases shall be adjusted to account for the use of
limestone or inorganic processing additions as follows:
(100 − L − P)
X=
f Xb × (A1.7)
100
where:
Xb = the percentage by mass of C3S, C2S, C3A, or C4AF in the base cement (portland cement
clinker and any calcium sulfate);
L = the percentage by mass of limestone;
P = the percentage by mass of inorganic processing addition; and
Xf = the percentage by mass of C3S, C2S, C3A, or C4AF in the finished cement.
The adjusted values for the finished cement shall be reported on the manufacturer’s report.
Note A2—When the oxide analysis of the finished cement, the limestone, and inorganic
processing addition are known along with the mass percentage of limestone (L) and mass
percentage of inorganic processing addition (P), one method of determining the base cement oxide
composition is to use the following equation:
O
=b { }
100 × O f − ( L / 100 ) × Ol − ( P / 100 ) × O p / (100 − L − P )
where:
Ob = the base cement oxide content (% by mass of base cement);
Of = the finished cement oxide content (% by mass of finished cement);
Ol = the limestone oxide content (% by mass of limestone); and
Op = the inorganic processing addition oxide content (% by mass of inorganic processing
addition).
The base cement phase composition can be determined using these values of oxide analyses in
Equations A1.1 to A1.6. Equation A1.7 is used to calculate the adjusted phase composition.
Note A3—For example, where the cement includes 3.5 percent limestone and 3.0 percent of an
inorganic processing addition and the base cement has 60 percent C3S, 15 percent C2S, 7 percent
C3A, and 10 percent C4AF, the adjusted phase composition is:
Only the percentages of C3S, C2S, C3A, and C4AF shall be adjusted by the procedure in
Section A1.6.1.
ANNEX B
(Mandatory Information)
% CO 2 in the cement
× 100 =
% limestone in cement (B1.1)
% CO 2 in the limestone
Note B1—For example, where the determined CO2 content in the finished cement equals
1.5 percent and the CO2 content of the limestone equals 43 percent (CaCO3 in limestone equals
98 percent), then:
1.5
× 100 =
3.5% limestone content in cement
43
B1.2. This specification requires that the limestone to be used must contain a minimum of 70 percent
CaCO3. The manufacturer shall include the CaCO3 content of the limestone on the manufacturer’s
report. Calculate the CaCO3 content of the limestone as follows: % CaCO3 = 2.274 × % CO2.
Note B2—For verification of limestone content of cement, the purchaser must analyze for CO2
content and make a correction for the content of CaCO3 in the limestone in order for the data to be
comparable to the manufacturer’s report.
B1.3. Portland cements that do not contain limestone can contain baseline levels of CO2 inherent in
manufacture, for example, due to carbonation. This baseline CO2 content is included as part of any
calculated limestone content.
X1.2. The identity information given should unambiguously identify the cement production represented
by the Mill Test Report and may vary, depending on the manufacturer’s designation and
purchaser’s requirements.
X1.3. The Manufacturer’s Certification statement may vary, depending on the manufacturer’s
procurement order or legal requirements, but should certify that the cement shipped is represented
by the certificate and that the cement conforms to applicable requirements of the specification at
the time it was tested (or retested) or shipped.
X1.4. The sample Mill Test Report has been developed to reflect the chemical and physical requirements
of this specification and recommends reporting all analyses and tests normally performed on
cements meeting M 85. Purchaser reporting requirements should govern if different from normal
reporting by the manufacturer or from those recommended here.
X1.5. Cements may be shipped prior to later-age test data being available. In such cases, the test value
may be left blank. Alternatively, the manufacturer can generally provide estimates based on
historical production data. The report should indicate if such estimates are provided.
X1.6. In reporting limits from the tables in M 85 on the Mill Test Report, only those limits specifically
applicable should be listed. In some cases, M 85 table limits are superseded by other provisions.
X1.7. When limestone or inorganic processing additions or both are used in the cement, additional data
are reported by the manufacturer. An example additional data report is shown in Figure X1.2.
STANDARD REQUIREMENTS
M 85, Tables 1 and 3
CHEMICAL PHYSICAL
Item Spec. Limit Test Result Item Spec. Limit Test Result
a
SiO2 (%) 20.6 Air content of mortar (volume %) 12 max 8
Al2O3 (%) 6.0 max 4.4 Fineness (m2/kg) 260 min
377
(Air permeability) 430 max
Fe2O3 (%) 6.0 max 3.3
a
CaO (%) 62.9 Autoclave expansion (%) 0.80 max 0.04
MgO (%) 6.0 max 2.2 Compressive strength (MPa) Min:
a
SO3 (%) 3.0 max 3.2 1 day
Loss on ignition (%) 3.5 max 2.7 3 days 7.0 23.4
a
Na2O (%) 0.19 7 days 12.0 29.8
a a
K2O (%) 0.50 28 days
Insoluble residue (%) 1.5 max 0.27 Time of setting (minutes)
a
CO2 (%) 1.2 (Vicat)
Limestone (%) 5.0 max 3.5 Initial Not less than 124
45
CaCO3 in limestone (%) 70 min 79 Not more than
375
Inorganic processing 5.0 max 3.0
addition (ground,
granulated blast-furnace
slag)
Potential phase Heat of hydration (kJ/kg)
compositions (%)b ASTM C1702
a c
C3S 59 3 days 245
a d
C2S 10 ASTM C1038 mortar bar 0.010e
expansion (%)
C3A 8 max 5
a
C4AF 10
a
C4AF + 2(C3A) 20
C3S + 4.75 C3A, (%) 100 max 83
a
Not applicable.
b
Adjusted per Annex A1.6.
c
Test result represents most recent value and is provided for information only.
d
Required only if percent SO3 exceeds the limit in Table 1, in which case expansion shall not exceed 0.020 percent at 14 days.
e
Test result for this production period not available. Most recent test result provided.
OPTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
M 85, Tables 2 and 4
CHEMICAL PHYSICAL
Item Spec. Limit Test Result Item Spec. Limit Test Result
f
Equivalent alkalies (%) 0.52 False set (%) 50 min 82
f
Chloride (%) 0.02 Compressive strength (MPa)
f
Limit not specified by purchaser. Test result provided for information only. 28 days 28.0 min 39.7e
We certify that the above-described cement, at the time of shipment, meets the chemical and physical requirements of
M 85-xx or (other) ____________________ specification.
Signature: Title:
Additional Data
C3S (%) 63
C2S (%) 11
C3A (%) 5
C4AF (%) 11
We certify that the above-described data represents the materials used in the cement manufactured during the
production period indicated.
Signature: Title:
1
Taylor, P. Specifications and Protocols for Acceptance Tests on Processing Additions in Cement Manufacturing,
NCHRP Report 607, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 2008, 96 pp. Available at www.trb.org.