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Air Pollution: Sources & Effects
Air Pollution: Sources & Effects
Stationary Mobile
sources sources
Area
Point sources Line
sources sources
Fuel Incineration,
Industry, residential, Rail yard, Highways,
combustio industrial
Power plants railroads
n estates ports,
Percentage of Manmade
Pollution
Source CO (%) SO₂ (%) HC(%) NO – Nox
(%)
TRANSPORTATIO 92 4 65 42
N
INDUSTRIES 4 32 26 21
POWER PLANTS - 48 - 32
SPACE HEATING 3 12 3 5
COMBUSTION 1 4 6 0
Industrial Sources
Liquid soap factory
Sulphuric Acid factory
Plastic industry
Acid manufacturing units
Phosphate fertilized industry
Inorganic chemical plants
Metal industry
Aluminum plants
Effects of air pollution
Air pollutant affecting plants are – sulphur
oxide, Fluoride component, Ozone, Chlorine,
Ammonia, herbicides, smog etc.
Forms of damage to the leaves –
1. Necrosis
2. Chlorosis
3. Abscission
4. Epinasty
Dosage of air pollutant on Plants
Pollutant Dose Effect
PAN (Peroxy acetyl Nitrate) Eye irritation, burning, sneezing, cough and
cold.
Health Effects of Nitrogen
Oxides
Short-term exposure at concentrations greater
than 3 parts per million (ppm) can measurably
decrease lung function.
Concentrations less than 3 ppm can irritate
lungs.
Concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm cause lung
irritation and measurable decreases in lung
function in asthmatics.
Long-term lower level exposures can destroy
lung tissue, leading to emphysema.