BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
MAIN CAMPUS

A PRESENTATION OF TRUSS DESIGN OF

TWO-STOREY STEEL REINFORCED
BUILDING

A PROJECT MANUAL PRESENTED

TO
ENGR. ERNESTO G. CABANA, CE, SE

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF

THE COURSE

CESD – 443 Laboratory

Structural Design 4 (Steel and Timber Design)

BY:
MANUEL, DAVID RUSSELL E.
BSCE – 4B
July 1, 2019
 INTRODUCTION

A truss is an assembly of beams or other elements that creates a rigid structure. In

engineering, a truss is structure that consists of two-force members only, where the

members are organized so that the assemblage as a whole behaves as a single. A

two-force member is a structural component where force is applied to only two

points. Although this rigorous definition allows members to have any shape

connected in any stable configuration. Trusses typically comprise five or more

triangular units constructed with straight members whose ends are connected at

joints referred to as nodes.

 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The main purpose of this study is to design a fink truss for two-storey

residential building with base length of 15 meters.

The design shall include:

 Length of Members

 Design of Purlins

 Design of Members(LFRD and ASD Approach of

Analysis)

 Final Drawing
 OBJECTIVE

To design a fink truss of a two storey residential building utilizing

principles of Designing Steel Structures where extending and

broadening of understanding the fundamental principles and

procedures in accordance to existing standards which I can be

applied in future instances in inside and outside the academe.

 LIMITS OF THE STUDY
The study is limited to the design of fink truss of two storey residential
building with the following perspectives:
1. Structures should be design to resist te force combined effects of
the following:
a. Gravity load, which includes occupancy loads, floor finishes,
other special loads and the parts on it, put up for architectural
finishes.
b. Lateral and wind load velocity shall be computed using the
provision of the National Structural Code of the Philippines
(2015).
2. Using A992 Steel and Specifications of AISC.
3. Steel has Fy of 284.4 MPa and Fu of 400.2 MPa.
LENGTH OF TUSS
MEMBERS
DESIGN OF PURLINS
 WINDLOAD
ANALYSIS OF TRUSS
WINDWARD
LEEWARD
GRAVITY LOADS
TENSION MEMBERS
PARAMETERS

FORMULAS

FOR LFRD FOR ASD

FOR GROSS AREA (Ag): FOR GROSS AREA (Ag):

Tu Ωt Tu
Ag = Ag =
∅fy Fy

∅ = 0.90 Ωt = 1.67

FOR EFFECTIVE AREA (An): FOR EFFECTIVE AREA (Ae):

Tu Ωt Tu
An = Ag =
∅Fu Fu

∅ = 0.75 Ωt = 2

FOR NET AREA (An): FOR NET AREA (An):

Ae Ae
An = An =
U U

ASSUME U = 0.85 ASSUME U = 0.85

RADIUS OF GYRATION RADIUS OF GYRATION

L L
r= r=
300 300

USE A36 STEEL

Fy = 36ksi = 248.4 MPa

Fu = 58ksi = 400.2 MPa

ASSUME 2-19.05 mm ∅ HOLES FOR BOLTS

 LOAD AND
RESISTANCE FACTOR
DESIGN
BOTTOM CHORD
CONSIDER MEMBER U1L1

Tu = 132.146 KN

FOR Ag:
132.146 𝑥 103
Ag =
0.90(248.4)

Ag = 591.099 mm2

FOR Ae:
132.146 𝑥 103
Ae =
0.7(400.25)

Ae = 440.212 mm2

FOR An:
440.212
An =
0.85

An = 517.896 mm2

FOR RADIUS OF GYRATION

2343.75
r=
300

r = 7.813 mm

FROM AISC MANUAL

STD THICKNESS SECTION Ag Ag (ACTUAL) An (HOLE REDUCTION)

4.8 L 76 x 64 643mm2 648.96 mm2 435.360 ×

6.4 L 76 x 64 847mm2 855.04 mm2 570.240 o

7.9 L 76 x 64 1050 mm2 1043.59 mm2 692.040 o

9.5 L 76 x 64 1240 mm2 1239.75 mm2 817.000 o

CHECKING

USING L 76 x 64 x 6.4

Ae = 570.240(0.85) = 484.704 mm2 > Ae (ACTUAL)

THEREFORE USE L 76 x 64 x 6.4 AS THE LIGHTEST MEMBER

WEB MEMBERS
CONSIDER MEMBER U3L1 & U3’L1’

Tu = 18.878 KN

FOR Ag:
18.878 𝑥 103
Ag =
0.90(248.4)

Ag = 84.443 mm2

FOR Ae:
18.878 𝑥 103
Ae =
0.7(400.25)

Ae = 62.887 mm2

FOR An:
62.887
An =
0.85

An = 73.985 mm2

FOR RADIUS OF GYRATION

2343.75
r=
300

r = 7.813 mm

FROM AISC MANUAL

STD THICKNESS SECTION Ag Ag (ACTUAL) An (HOLE REDUCTION)

3.2 L 51 x 51 312mm2 316.960 mm2 173.760mm2 o

CHECKING

USING L 51 x 51 x 3.2

Ae = 173.760(0.85) = 147.696 mm2 > Ae (ACTUAL)

THEREFORE USE L 51 x 51 x 3.2 AS THE LIGHTEST SECTION

CONSIDER MEMBER U5L3

Tu = 18.878 KN

FOR Ag:
56.634 𝑥 103
Ag =
0.90(248.4)

Ag = 253.328 mm2

FOR Ae:
56.634 𝑥 103
Ae =
0.7(400.25)

Ae = 188.662 mm2

FOR An:
188.662
An =
0.85

An = 221.955 mm2

FOR RADIUS OF GYRATION

2343.75
r=
300

r = 7.813 mm

FROM AISC MANUAL

STD THICKNESS SECTION Ag Ag (ACTUAL) An (HOLE REDUCTION)

3.2 L 51 x 51 312mm2 316.960 mm2 173.760 mm2 x

4.8 L 51 x 51 461mm2 466.560 mm2 252.960 mm2 o

CHECKING

USING L 51 x 51 x 4.8

Ae = 252.960(0.85) = 215.016 mm2 > Ae (ACTUAL)

THEREFORE USE L 51 x 51 x 4.8 AS THE LIGHTEST SECTION

CONSIDER MEMBER U3L3 & U3’L3’

Tu = 18.878 KN

FOR Ag:
56.634 𝑥 103
Ag =
0.90(248.4)

Ag = 253.328 mm2

FOR Ae:
56.634 𝑥 103
Ae =
0.7(400.25)

Ae = 188.662 mm2

FOR An:
188.662
An =
0.85

An = 221.955 mm2

FOR RADIUS OF GYRATION

2343.75
r=
300

r = 7.813 mm

FROM AISC MANUAL

STD THICKNESS SECTION Ag Ag (ACTUAL) An (HOLE REDUCTION)

3.2 L 51 x 51 312mm2 316.960 mm2 173.760 mm2 x

4.8 L 51 x 51 461mm2 466.560 mm2 252.960 mm2 o

CHECKING

USING L 51 x 51 x 4.8

Ae = 252.960(0.85) = 215.016 mm2 > Ae (ACTUAL)

THEREFORE USE L 51 x 51 x 4.8 AS THE LIGHTEST SECTION

CONSIDER MEMBER L3L2

Tu = 37.756 KN

FOR Ag:
37.756 𝑥 103
Ag =
0.90(248.4)

Ag = 168.885 mm2

FOR Ae:
37.756 𝑥 103
Ae =
0.7(400.25)

Ae = 125.775 mm2

FOR An:
125.775
An =
0.85

An = 147.970 mm2

FOR RADIUS OF GYRATION

2343.75
r=
300

r = 7.813 mm

FROM AISC MANUAL

STD THICKNESS SECTION Ag Ag (ACTUAL) An (HOLE REDUCTION)

3.2 L 51 x 51 312mm2 316.960 mm2 173.760 mm2 o

4.8 L 51 x 51 461mm2 466.560 mm2 252.960 mm2 o

CHECKING

USING L 51 x 51 x 4.8

Ae = 252.960(0.85) = 215.016 mm2 > Ae (ACTUAL)

USING L 51 x 51 x 3.2

Ae = 173.760(0.85) = 147.696 mm2 > Ae (ACTUAL)

THEREFORE USE L 51 x 51 x 3.2 AS THE LIGHTEST SECTION

ALLOWABLE STRESS
DESIGN
BOTTOM CHORD
CONSIDER MEMBER U1L1

Tu = 93.716 KN

FOR Ag:
(1.67)(93.716 𝑥 103 )
Ag =
248.4

Ag = 630.055 mm2

FOR Ae:
2(93.716 𝑥 103 )
Ae =
400.25

Ae = 468.287 mm2

FOR An:
468.287
An =
0.85

An = 550.926 mm2

FOR RADIUS OF GYRATION

2343.75
r=
300

r = 7.813 mm

FROM AISC MANUAL

STD THICKNESS SECTION Ag Ag (ACTUAL) An (HOLE REDUCTION)

4.8 L 76 x 64 643mm2 648.96 mm2 435.360 ×

6.4 L 76 x 64 847mm2 855.04 mm2 570.240 o

7.9 L 76 x 64 1050 mm2 1043.59 mm2 692.040 o

9.5 L 76 x 64 1240 mm2 1239.75 mm2 817.000 o

CHECKING

USING L 76 x 64 x 6.4

Ae = 570.240(0.85) = 484.704 mm2 > Ae (ACTUAL)

THEREFORE USE L 76 x 64 x 6.4 AS THE LIGHTEST MEMBER

WEB MEMBERS
CONSIDER MEMBER U3L1 & U3’L1’

Tu = 13.388 KN

FOR Ag:
(1.67)(13.388 𝑥 103 )
Ag =
248.4

Ag = 90.008 mm2

FOR Ae:
2(13.388 𝑥 103 )
Ae =
400.25

Ae = 66.898 mm2

FOR An:
66.898
An =
0.85

An = 78.704 mm2

FOR RADIUS OF GYRATION

2343.75
r=
300

r = 7.813 mm

FROM AISC MANUAL

STD THICKNESS SECTION Ag Ag (ACTUAL) An (HOLE REDUCTION)

3.2 L 51 x 51 312mm2 316.960 mm2 173.760mm2 o

CHECKING

USING L 51 x 51 x 3.2

Ae = 173.760(0.85) = 147.696 mm2 > Ae (ACTUAL)

THEREFORE USE L 51 x 51 x 3.2 AS THE LIGHTEST SECTION

CONSIDER MEMBER U5L3

Tu = 40.164 KN

FOR Ag:
(1.67)(40.164 𝑥 103 )
Ag =
248.4

Ag = 270.024 mm2

FOR Ae:
2(40.164 𝑥 103 )
Ae =
400.25

Ae = 200.695 mm2

FOR An:
200.695
An =
0.85

An = 236.111 mm2

FOR RADIUS OF GYRATION

2343.75
r=
300

r = 7.813 mm

FROM AISC MANUAL

STD THICKNESS SECTION Ag Ag (ACTUAL) An (HOLE REDUCTION)

3.2 L 51 x 51 312mm2 316.960 mm2 173.760 mm2 x

4.8 L 51 x 51 461mm2 466.560 mm2 252.960 mm2 o

CHECKING

USING L 51 x 51 x 4.8

Ae = 252.960(0.85) = 215.016 mm2 > Ae (ACTUAL)

THEREFORE USE L 51 x 51 x 4.8 AS THE LIGHTEST SECTION

CONSIDER MEMBER U3L3 &U3’L3’

Tu = 13.388 KN

FOR Ag:
(1.67)(13.388 𝑥 103 )
Ag =
248.4

Ag = 90.008 mm2

FOR Ae:
2(13.388 𝑥 103 )
Ae =
400.25

Ae = 66.898 mm2

FOR An:
66.898
An =
0.85

An = 78.704 mm2

FOR RADIUS OF GYRATION

2343.75
r=
300

r = 7.813 mm

FROM AISC MANUAL

STD THICKNESS SECTION Ag Ag (ACTUAL) An (HOLE REDUCTION)

3.2 L 51 x 51 312mm2 316.960 mm2 173.760mm2 o

CHECKING

USING L 51 x 51 x 3.2

Ae = 173.760(0.85) = 147.696 mm2 > Ae (ACTUAL)

THEREFORE USE L 51 x 51 x 3.2 AS THE LIGHTEST SECTION

CONSIDER MEMBER U3L3 &U3’L3’

Tu = 26.776 KN

FOR Ag:
(1.67)(26.776 𝑥 103 )
Ag =
248.4

Ag = 180.016 mm2

FOR Ae:
2(26.776 𝑥 103 )
Ae =
400.25

Ae = 133.796 mm2

FOR An:
133.796
An =
0.85

An = 157.408 mm2

FOR RADIUS OF GYRATION

2343.75
r=
300

r = 7.813 mm

FROM AISC MANUAL

STD THICKNESS SECTION Ag Ag (ACTUAL) An (HOLE REDUCTION)

3.2 L 51 x 51 312mm2 316.960 mm2 173.760 mm2 o

4.8 L 51 x 51 461mm2 466.560 mm2 252.960 mm2 o

CHECKING

USING L 51 x 51 x 4.8

Ae = 252.960(0.85) = 215.016 mm2 > Ae (ACTUAL)

USING L 51 x 51 x 3.2

Ae = 173.760(0.85) = 147.696 mm2 > Ae (ACTUAL)

THEREFORE USE L 51 x 51 x 3.2 AS THE LIGHTEST SECTION

COMPRESSION
MEMBERS
TOP CHORD
CONSIDER U1U2
2
Fcr = (0.6850.846 )(248.4)

Pu = 147.743 KN Fcr = 184.112 MPa

Pn = 104.777 KN DESIGN STRENGTH

USING LFRD cPn = c Fcr Ag

2 2
Fcr = Fy = (248.4) cPn = 0.85(184.112)(1090)(1/1000)
3 3

Fcr = 165.600 MPa cPn = 170.580 KN > Pu

147.743 𝑥 103 USING ASD

Ag =
0.85(165.600)
CALCULATE Cc
Ag = 1049.609 mm2
2𝜋2 𝐸
Cc = √
LIGHTEST SECTION FROM AISC MANUAL 𝐹𝑦

L 89 x 89 x 6.4 2𝜋2 200000

Cc = √
248.4
PROPERTIES
Cc = 126.068 > KL/r
Ag = 1090 mm2
SOLVING FOR Fa
rx = 27.8 mm
2
(KL⁄r)
ry = 27.8 mm (1−
2Cc 2 )Fy
Fa = KL KL
5 3( ⁄r) ( ⁄r)3
𝑟𝑥 + −
=1 3 8Cc 8Cc 3
𝑟𝑦
(75.407)2
CALCULATE KL/r (1−
2126.0682
)4
Fa = 5 3(75.407) (75.407)3
+ −
KL 1(2096.314) 3 8126.068 8126.0683
= = 75.407
𝑟𝑦 27.8
Fa = 181.117 MPa
CHECH THE λc
CHECK FOR SERVICE LOAD STRESS
KL F𝑦
λc = √ fa =
p𝑛
𝑟𝜋 E Ag

75.704 248.4 104.777 x 103

λc = √ fa =
𝜋 200000 1090

λc = 0.846 < 1.5 fa = 96.126 MPa < Fa

CALCULATE Fcr THEREFORE, SAFE!

2
Fcr = (0.685λc )Fy
WEB MEMBERS
CONSIDER L3’L2’ 2𝜋2 200000
Cc = √
248.4
Pu = 37.756 KN
Cc = 126.068 > KL/r
Pn = 26.776 KN
SOLVING FOR Fa
USING LFRD
2
(KL⁄r)
2 2 (1− )Fy
Fcr =
2
F
3 y
= 3
(248.4) Fa =
2Cc
5 3(KL⁄r) (KL⁄r)3
+ −
3 8Cc 8Cc 3
Fcr = 165.600 MPa
(117.188)2
(1− )4
2(126.068)2
Fa = 5 3(117.188) (117.188)3
+ −
3 8(126.068) 8(126.068)3
37.756 𝑥 103
Ag =
0.85(165.600) Fa = 74.993 MPa
Ag = 268.230 mm2 CHECK FOR SERVICE LOAD STRESS
LIGHTEST SECTION FROM AISC MANUAL fa =
p𝑛
Ag
L 64 x 64 x 4.8
26.776 x 103
fa =
582
PROPERTIES
fa = 46.007 MPa < Fa
Ag = 582 mm2
THEREFORE, THE SECTION IS ADEQUATE
rx = 20 mm

ry = 20 mm
𝑟𝑥
=1
𝑟𝑦

CALCULATE KL/r
KL 1(2343.75)
= = 117.188
𝑟𝑦 20

CHECH THE λc

KL F𝑦
λc = √
𝑟𝜋 E

117.188 248.4
λc = √
𝜋 200000

λc = 1.315 < 1.5

CALCULATE Fcr
2
Fcr = (0.685λc )Fy
2
Fcr = (0.6851.315 )(248.4)

Fcr = 120.508 MPa

DESIGN STRENGTH

cPn = c Fcr Ag

cPn = 0.85(120.508)(582)(1/1000)

cPn = 59.615 KN > Pu

USING ASD

CALCULATE Cc

2𝜋2 𝐸
Cc = √
𝐹𝑦
CONSIDER U2L1 & U2’L1’ 2𝜋2 200000
Cc = √
248.4
Pu = 16.886 KN
Cc = 126.068 > KL/r
Pn = 11.975 KN
SOLVING FOR Fa
USING LFRD
2
(KL⁄r)
2 2 (1− )Fy
Fcr =
2
F
3 y
= 3
(248.4) Fa =
2Cc
5 3(KL⁄r) (KL⁄r)3
+ −
3 8Cc 8Cc 3
Fcr = 165.600 MPa
(65.510)2
(1− )4
2(126.068)2
Fa = 5 3(65.510) (65.510)3
+ −
3 8(126.068) 8(126.068)3
16.886 𝑥 103
Ag =
0.85(165.600) Fa = 239.977 MPa
Ag = 119.963 mm2 CHECK FOR SERVICE LOAD STRESS
LIGHTEST SECTION FROM AISC MANUAL fa =
p𝑛
Ag
L 51 x 51 x 3.2
11.975 x 103
fa =
312
PROPERTIES
fa = 38.381 MPa < Fa
Ag = 312 mm2
THEREFORE, THE SECTION IS ADEQUATE!
rx = 16 mm

ry = 16 mm
𝑟𝑥
=1
𝑟𝑦

CALCULATE KL/r
KL 1(1048.157)
= = 65.510
𝑟𝑦 16

CHECH THE λc

KL F𝑦
λc = √
𝑟𝜋 E

65.51 248.4
λc = √
𝜋 200000

λc = 0.735 < 1.5

CALCULATE Fcr
2
Fcr = (0.685λc )Fy
2
Fcr = (0.6850.735 )(248.4)

Fcr = 198.146 MPa

DESIGN STRENGTH

cPn = c Fcr Ag

cPn = 0.85(198.146)(312)(1/1000)

cPn = 52.548 KN > Pu

USING ASD

CALCULATE Cc

2𝜋2 𝐸
Cc = √
𝐹𝑦
CONSIDER U3 L2 & U3’L2’ 2𝜋2 200000
Cc = √
248.4
Pu = 33.770 KN
Cc = 126.068 < KL/r
Pn = 23.949 KN
SOLVING FOR Fa
USING LFRD
12π2 E
2 2 Fa = 𝐾𝐿 2
Fcr =
23( )
F
3 y
= 3
(248.4) 𝑟

12π2 (200000)
Fcr = 165.600 MPa Fa =
23(132.678)2

Fa = 70.582 MPa

33.770 𝑥 103 CHECK FOR SERVICE LOAD STRESS

Ag =
0.85(165.600) p𝑛
fa =
Ag
Ag = 239.912 mm2
23.949 x 103
fa =
LIGHTEST SECTION FROM AISC MANUAL 461

L 51 x 51 x 4.8 fa = 51.950 MPa < Fa

PROPERTIES THEREFORE, THE SECTION IS ADEQUATE!

Ag = 461 mm2

rx = 15.8 mm

ry = 15.8 mm
𝑟𝑥
=1
𝑟𝑦

CALCULATE KL/r
KL 1(2096.315)
= = 132.678
𝑟𝑦 15.8

CHECH THE λc

KL F𝑦
λc = √
𝑟𝜋 E

132.678 248.4
λc = √
𝜋 200000

λc = 1.488 < 1.5

CALCULATE Fcr
2
Fcr = (0.685λc )Fy
2
Fcr = (0.6851.488 )(248.4)

Fcr = 98.283 MPa

DESIGN STRENGTH

cPn = c Fcr Ag

cPn = 0.85(98.283)(461)(1/1000)

cPn = 52.548 KN > Pu

USING ASD

CALCULATE Cc

2𝜋2 𝐸
Cc = √
𝐹𝑦
CONSIDER U4L3 & U4’L3’ 2𝜋2 200000
Cc = √
248.4
Pu = 16.886 KN
Cc = 126.068 > KL/r
Pn = 11.975 KN
SOLVING FOR Fa
USING LFRD
2
(KL⁄r)
2 2 (1− )Fy
Fcr =
2
F
3 y
= 3
(248.4) Fa =
2Cc
5 3(KL⁄r) (KL⁄r)3
+ −
3 8Cc 8Cc 3
Fcr = 165.600 MPa
(65.510)2
(1− )4
2(126.068)2
Fa = 5 3(65.510) (65.510)3
+ −
3 8(126.068) 8(126.068)3
16.886 𝑥 103
Ag =
0.85(165.600) Fa = 239.977 MPa
Ag = 119.963 mm2 CHECK FOR SERVICE LOAD STRESS
LIGHTEST SECTION FROM AISC MANUAL fa =
p𝑛
Ag
L 51 x 51 x 3.2
11.975 x 103
fa =
312
PROPERTIES
fa = 38.381 MPa < Fa
Ag = 312 mm2
THEREFORE, THE SECTION IS ADEQUATE!
rx = 16 mm

ry = 16 mm
𝑟𝑥
=1
𝑟𝑦

CALCULATE KL/r
KL 1(1048.157)
= = 65.510
𝑟𝑦 16

CHECH THE λc

KL F𝑦
λc = √
𝑟𝜋 E

65.51 248.4
λc = √
𝜋 200000

λc = 0.735 < 1.5

CALCULATE Fcr
2
Fcr = (0.685λc )Fy
2
Fcr = (0.6850.735 )(248.4)

Fcr = 198.146 MPa

DESIGN STRENGTH

cPn = c Fcr Ag

cPn = 0.85(198.146)(312)(1/1000)

cPn = 52.548 KN > Pu

USING ASD

CALCULATE Cc

2𝜋2 𝐸
Cc = √
𝐹𝑦
CONSIDER U5’L3’ 2𝜋2 200000
Cc = √
248.4
Pu = 56.634 KN
Cc = 126.068 > KL/r
Pn = 40.164 KN
SOLVING FOR Fa
USING LFRD
2
(KL⁄r)
2 2 (1− )Fy
Fcr =
2
F
3 y
= 3
(248.4) Fa =
2Cc
5 3(KL⁄r) (KL⁄r)3
+ −
3 8Cc 8Cc 3
Fcr = 165.600 MPa
(117.188)2
(1− )4
2(126.068)2
Fa = 5 3(117.188) (117.188)3
+ −
3 8(126.068) 8(126.068)3
56.634 𝑥 103
Ag =
0.85(165.600) Fa = 74.933 MPa
Ag = 402.344 mm2 CHECK FOR SERVICE LOAD STRESS
LIGHTEST SECTION FROM AISC MANUAL fa =
p𝑛
Ag
L 64 x 64 x 4.8
40.164 x 103
fa =
582
PROPERTIES
fa = 69.010 MPa < Fa
Ag = 582 mm2
THEREFORE, THE SECTION IS ADEQUATE!
rx = 20 mm

ry = 20 mm
𝑟𝑥
=1
𝑟𝑦

CALCULATE KL/r
KL 1(2343.75)
= = 117.188
𝑟𝑦 20

CHECH THE λc

KL F𝑦
λc = √
𝑟𝜋 E

117.188 248.4
λc = √
𝜋 200000

λc = 1.315 < 1.5

CALCULATE Fcr
2
Fcr = (0.685λc )Fy
2
Fcr = (0.6851.315 )(248.4)

Fcr = 120.508 MPa

DESIGN STRENGTH

cPn = c Fcr Ag

cPn = 0.85(120.508)(582)(1/1000)

cPn = 59.615 KN > Pu

USING ASD

CALCULATE Cc

2𝜋2 𝐸
Cc = √
𝐹𝑦