Installed Power Loads Characteristics

1. Motor

I​n​= 1.7×VKW
×p.f ×η 3-Q

KW
I​n​= V ×p.f ×η 1-Q

KW
S​r​= p.f ×η
SubTransient Current

I​sub​=15 I​n

Methods to Reduce Motor Starting

Current
1. Star delta starter
2. Static soft starter
3. Variable speed drive

Compensation of Reactive Power (KVAR) Supplied to Induction

Motor

P i/p
p.f= Si/p

p.f B.C
I​r​= p.f Af .C
2- Resistive Type Heating Appliance
and Incandescent Lamps

p.f=1

P
I​r​= 1.7×V 3-Q
I​r​= VP 1-Q

Fluorescent Lamp

I​r​= P ballast+P
V ×p.f
r

Standard tubular fluorescent lamp

p.f=0.6 without correction capacitor
p.f=0.86 with p.f correction
p.f=0.96 for electronic ballast

LED Lamps
p.f=0.95
 Power Loading of an Installations

Diversity Factor
Utilization Factor

Installed apparent power ( KVA )

∑ KVA ≠ Installed KVA

P.f = PS
S= p.fP×η

P o/p
η= P i/p