Network Fundamentals for ccna (ICDN1)

At the destination the destination will decapsulate the frame received. The data link layer will check the
frame header and searches for destination mac address and matches with its mac and finds that it is
destined for itself and removes the layer 2 header and passes it onto the upper layer. The internet or the
network layer will find the destination ip address and finds the it is destined for itself and removes the
layer 3 header and passes onto the higher layer. The transport layer is going to look at the destination
port number and forwards it to the application layer. In OSI there are 7 layers and in tcp/ip there are 4
layers.

ii.) Compare and contrast TCP UDP Protocols:

Role of transport layer -responsible for temporary communication session between two applications
and delivering data between them. There are two protocols TCP,UDP. Both TCP and UDP do this
segmenting . Segmenting is done for manageability and reassembly of data in the correct order.
Sequence number is used to make them ordered.

Conversation segmentation and multiplexing- Segmenting the data is done for all kind and different data
even the user is using the system in multitasking. Error checking is also possible at the transport layer.

TCP is reliable while UDP is non reliable or best effort service. TCP ensures all data arrives at the
destination, whereas UDP doesn’t.

TCP- TCP defined in RFC-793 – Connection oriented, Reliable Delivery, Ordered data reconstruction, flow
control, stateful protocol. Connection oriented in the sense that the sent data is received properly.
Reliable delivery in the sense send segments and wait for acknowledgement for the data sent. Ordered
data reconstruction is using the sequence number we arrange the data in ascending order.
Acknowledgement number is always the one more that the sent data sequence that helps the Flow
control. Stateful protocol –

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