WELL CONSTRUCTION 1.

0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

SECTION 1.0

DRILLING OVERVIEW

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Learning Objectives:
You should be able to:
• Understand the roles of a drilling engineer during a well
construction operations.
• Explain the importance and the benefits to be gained
from a properly constructed well.
• Explain the various stages of well construction in
PCSB’s drilling operations.

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 WELL CONSTRUCTION 1.0 DRILLING OVERVIEW

Drilling Overview

> Why we drill a well ?

> Drilling history
> Life of Field w/relation to Drilling
> Basic well types - exploration, development,
etc.
> Basic well configuration - casing scheme &
completions
> Specifications

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WHY WE DRILL A WELL ?

to gather information to produce hydrocarbons

• for subsurface evaluation • to produce oil or gas

to inject gas or water

• for reservoir pressure maintenance
• for gas conservation

to “kill” a blow out well for geothermal power

• to regain control of a blow • to produce steam for electric
out well generation

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WHEN WAS THE FIRST WELL DRILLED ?

• First commercial well was drilled in USA in 1859

• Drilled by Col Edwin L. Drake

• First well drilled in Malaysia was in 1910

• drilled by Shell in Miri (Canada Hill) also called Grand Old Lady

• PCSB was established on 11 May 1978

• First well drilled by PCSB was for the Duyong field

in Aug1980

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The Grand
Old Lady

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Duyong Platform Complex (Gas Field)

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False alarm !
It’s untreated sewage…..

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LIFE OF FIELD CYCLE - DRILLING INVOLVEMENT

In Production and Abandonment Phases - Drilling is involved in

Infill Drilling, Workover, and Well Abandonment

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The look inside the workflow



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BASIC WELL TYPES

Exploration wells
• “Wild Cat”
 the first exploration well drilled in a new field with no offset well
information available to obtain data and prove hydrocarbon
presence.

• Appraisal / Delineation
 the subsequent wells drilled after a wild cat well to further
assess the field and confirm its commerciality.

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An exploration
well is the ONLY
way to prove that
hydrocarbons are
present

Followed by
appraisal and
development wells

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BASIC WELL TYPES

.
Development wells
• Oil and/or Gas producer
 drilled to produce the hydrocarbon, oil and/or gas.

• Water injector
 drilled for reservoir pressure maintenance

• Gas injector
 drilled for reservoir pressure maintenance or gas
conservation (avoid flaring of gas, prohibited under
certain environmental conditions)

• Combination wells
 combination of the above e.g oil producer with gas
injector or appraisal development wells

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BASIC WELL TYPES

.
Others
• Geothermal wells
 Drilled in volcanic areas to inject water & produce steam to
generate electricity

• Water wells
 To produce water

• Drilled cuttings disposal

 Use to re-inject cuttings into the formation for disposal

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BASIC WELL CONFIGURATION

Typical casing configuration Types of well completion

P
R
OD
UC
E
R I
NJE
C
TO
R
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Drilling Operations - Making Holes

Typical Sequence of Operations :
• Rig up

Depth reference
below derrick floor - bdf
rotary kelly bushing - rkb

Main deck

Cellar deck

depth reference Sea level Conductor

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To diverter line

Install diverter

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Surface Casing

Drilling Fluid

Drill 17 1/2”
hole

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Surface Casing

Stab-in float collar

Run 13 3/8”
casing

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Surface Casing

5” Drill Pipe Stinger

Installed after running casing

Drilling Fluid

13-3/8” Casing

Run cement
Carig
stinger
ali
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Surface Casing

5” Drill Pipe Stinger

Cement Slurry

13-3/8” Casing
being cemented

Cement the
surface
casing
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Surface Casing

5” Drill Pipe Stinger

Drilling Fluid

13-3/8” Casing
cemented in place
Displace the
cement from
the stinger
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13 3/8” Casing
(still suspended from the drill floor)

BOP Diverter
(to be removed)

13 3/8” Casing

13 3/8” Casing Prepare to

cemented to surface remove the
diverter and
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excess casing
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Remove Diverter

Drain and cut

the casing

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Fillet-Weld casing head

to 13 3/8” casing

Side outlet valve

13 3/8” Casing head

Install casing
head housing

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Mud Riser
(allows drilling fluid
returns to mud system)

BOP Stack

Ring joint flange

connects BOP to
casing head

Install BOP
stack and
mud riser
13-3/8” Casing
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BOP Test Plug

run on drill pipe

Pressure test
BOP stack
and well head
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12-1/4” Drilling Assembly

Well head wear

protection sleeve

Run 12 1/4”
drilling
assembly
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Drilling out cement inside

13 3/8” casing
shoe track

Drill out
casing shoe
track
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13-3/8” Casing Shoe

Drilling Fluid
returning up
annulus

Drill 12 1/4”
hole section

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Intermediate Casing
Drilling Fluid

9-5/8” Casing

Casing Float Collar

Casing Float Shoe

Run 9 5/8”
casing

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Intermediate Casing
Drilling Fluid

9-5/8” Casing

Cement slurry
behind casing
and in shoe track

Cement
9 5/8” casing

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9 5/8” casing suspended
from rotary table

9 5/8” Casing

13 5/8” Casing Head

Prepare to lift
the BOP
13 3/8” Casing stack
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BOP lifted to assist installation

of casing slips in casing Head
9 5/8” Casing

9 5/8”casing slip
& seal assembly

13 5/8” Casing Head

Install casing
slip & seal
assembly
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Holes cut to drain mud

9 5/8”
casing slips
13 5/8”
Casing head housing
Drain & cut
9 5/8” casing
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Casing spool Side Outlet Valve

9 5/8” Casing 9 5/8”

casing slips
13 5/8” Casing Head
Install casing
spool

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BOP stack

Casing Spool

Re-install
BOP stack

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BOP Test Plug

Pressure test
BOP stack

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8 1/2” Drilling assembly

Protection sleeve

9 5/8” Casing

Run 8 1/2”
drilling
assembly
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9 5/8” Casing float shoe

Drill out 9 5/8”

casing shoe
track
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9-5/8” Casing shoe

Drill through cap rock Shale

(impermeable formation) into
reservoir

Sandstone
Drill into or
Limestone Continue
reservoir
drilling into
the reservoir
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Production casing

Run and
cement the
production
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casing
 WELL7” casing slip
CONSTRUCTION
and seal assembly
BOP lifted to assist
installation of slip and seal
assembly

Casing Spool
9-5/8” Casing

Set the 7”
casing slip
and seal
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assembly
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Holes cut to drain mud

Drain and cut

the production
casing
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Tubing Spool
Side Outlet Valve

Casing Spool

Casing Head
Install the
tubing head
spool
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Re-install BOP

Bit and scraper assembly

for 7” casing
Protective Sleeve
7” Casing

Run bit and

casing
scraper
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Casing scraper

Production
casing Bit

Run bit and

casing scraper
to clean out
casing
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Production casing

Perforations

Perforate casing
in selected
production
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Production tubing

Production casing
Production packer

Tail pipe

Install well
completion

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Tubing hanger

Production tubing

Suspend
production
tubing on
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tubing hanger
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Connection
to flow line

Christmas tree

Remove BOP
and Install
Christmas
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FUNDAMENTALS OF DRILLING OPERATIONS

TYPICAL SEQUENCE OF DRILLING OPERATIONS

Exploration/Appraisal Well - Floating Drilling Unit
• Anchor & Position rig
• Spud well, drill pilot hole and open pilot hole
• Run conductor casing & Permanent Guide Base
• Drill pilot hole/surface hole
• Set surface casing
• Run BOP on marine riser
• Drill intermediate hole (pilot hole if necessary)
• Log intermediate hole
• Set intermediate casing
• Test BOP
• Drill/core production hole
• Run logs
• Set production casing
• Perform well testing
• Plug and abandon, move off location

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TYPICAL SEQUENCE OF DRILLING OPERATIONS

Development Well - Jack-up or Tender Assisted
• Position rig
• Skid rig over slot
• Clean out conductor
• Set cement plug
• Drill top hole (pilot hole if first well)
• Set surface casing
• Install & test BOP
• Drill intermediate hole
• Set intermediate casing
• Install & test BOP
• Drill production hole
• Run logs
• Set production casing
• Complete well
• Skid rig

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DRILLING MOVIE

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