Rut gọn mệnh đề qh
1) We had a river in which we could swim .
2) Here are some accounts that you must check.
3) The last student that was interviewed was Tom.
4) We visited Hanoi, which is the capital of VN.
5) My father, who is a pilot, often goes abroad.
6) I was the only one who realized him.
7) I have some homework which I must do tonight.
8) Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way.
9) I was awakened by the sound of a laughter which came
from the room which was next to mine at the motel.
10) There are six reports which have to be typed today.
11) Dalat, which is best known for foreign travellers, has
pleasant weather.
12) Animals that are born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity
better than those that are captured in the wild.
13) Few tourists ever see a jaguar, which is a spotted wild cat
that is native to tropical America.
14) She is the only woman who was appointed to the board.
15) The floor is dusty but I haven't got a brush with which I
can sweep it.
16) A person who serves in a shop is called a shop assistant
17) John, who is my friend, has studied English for ten years.
18) There are many exercises that we have to finish before
school.
19) The mistakes which you have to correct are very
important.
20) We have a few exercises that we have to do.
rút gọn mệnh đề khiến câu trở nên đơn giản hơn.
1) we had a river in which we could swim
I guess: We had a river to swim. (We had a river to swim in.)
2) here are some accounts that you must check.
I guess: Here are some accounts to check. (Here are some
accounts to be checked.)
3) The last student that was interviewed was Tuấn.
I guess: The last student interviewed to be Tuấn. (The last
student interviewed was Tuấn.)
4) We visited Hà Nội, which is the capital of Việt Nam.
I guess: we visited the capital of Việt Nam, was Hà Nội. (We
visited Hanoi, the capital of Việt Nam.)
5) My father, who is a pilot , often goes aboard.
I guess: My father often goes aboard, is a pilot. (My father, a
pilot, often goes aboard.)
6) I was the only one who realized him
I guess: I was the only one to realize him. YOU'RE RIGHT
7) I have some homework which I must do tonight.
I guess: I have some homework to do tonight. YOU'RE RIGHT
8) Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Millky Way.
I guess: Our solar system is called the Millky Way in galaxy.
(Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Millky Way.)
9) I was awakened by the sound of laungter which came from
the room which is next to mine at the motel.
I guess: I was awakened by the sound of launghter to came
from the room next to mine at the motel. (I was awakened by
the sound of laughter coming from the room next to mine at
the motel.)
10) Đà Lạt which is best known for foreign travelers, has
pleasant weather.
I guess: Đà Lạt is the best known for foreign travelers to have
pleasant weather. (Đà Lạt, best known for foreign travelers,
has pleasant weather.)
1) We had a river in which we could swim .
We had a river to swim in
2) Here are some accounts that you must check.
Here are some accounts for you to check.
3) The last student that was interviewed was Tom.
The last student to be interviewed was Tom.
4) We visited Hanoi, which is the capital of VN.
We visited Hanoi, the capital of VN.
5) My father, who is a pilot, often goes abroad.
My father, a pilot, often goes abroad
6) I was the only one who realized him.
I was the only one to realize him.
7) I have some homework which I must do tonight.
I have some homework to do tonight.
8) Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way.
Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Milky Way.
9) I was awakened by the sound of a laughter which came
from the room which was next to mine at the motel.
I was awakened by the sound of a laughter coming
from the room next to mine at the motel
10) There are six reports which have to be typed today.
There are six reports for you to type today.
11) Dalat, which is best known for foreign travellers, has
pleasant weather.
Dalat, the best known for foreign travellers, has
pleasant weather.
1/ Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng
participle phrases
a/ Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động
(active), ta dùng present participle phrase thay cho mệnh đề
đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, đưa động từ chính về
nguyên mẫu rồi thêm đuôi ING)
EX1: The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle
--> The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle
EX2: Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night ?
--> Do you know the boy who broke breaking the windows
last night ?
b/Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (passive)
ta dùng past participle phrase (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động
từ, bắt đầu cụm từ bằng V3)
EX1: The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.
-->The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.
EX2: The students who were punished by teacher are lazy
-->The students who were punished by teacher are lazy
EX3: The house which is being built now belongs to Mr. Brown
--> The house which is being built now belongs to Mr. Brown
2/ Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn bằng to-infinitive
hoặc infinitive phrase (có dạng for +O+ to-inf)
chúng ta sử dụng dạng này trong những trường hợp sau :gặp
các từ the first, the second,....the last, so sánh nhất
(superlative),mục đích (purpose), .........
EX1: Tom is the last person who enters the room
-->Tom is the last person who enters to enter the room
EX2: John is the youngest person who takes part in the race
--> John is the youngest person who takesto take part in the
race
EX3: English is an important language which we have to
master
--> English is an important language which we have for us to
master
EX4: Here is the form that you must fill in
--> Here is the form that for you must to fill in
Rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ có các dạng sau:
1) Dùng cụm Ving :
Dùng cho các mệnh đề chủ động
The man who is standing there is my brother
The man standing there is my brother
) Dùng cụm P.P:
Dùng cho các mệnh đề bị động .
I like books which were written by NguyenDu
I like books written by NguyenDu
3) Dùng cụm to inf.
Dùng khi danh từ đứng trứoc có các chữ sau đây bổ nghĩa :
ONLY,LAST,số thứ tự như: FIRST,SECOND...
This is the only student who can do the problem.
This is the only student to do the problem.
-Động từ là HAVE/HAD
I have many homework that I must do.
I have many homework to do.
-Đầu câu có HERE (BE),THERE (BE)
There are six letters which have to be written today.
There are six letters to be written today.
Môt số bài tập luyên tập
1. She gives her children everything...they want
a.that , b. who , c. whom , d.what
2.Tell me...you want and i will try to help you
a.that , b.what , c.who , d .which
3.the place...we spent our holiday was really beautiful
a.what , b.who , c.where , d.which
4.What was the name of the girl....passport was
stolen?a. whose , b.who , c.which , d.when
5.The bed...I slep in was too soft
a.whose , b.which , c.what , d.who1.a2.b3.c4.a5.b
6. Nora is the only person...understands me
a.which , b who , c. what , d . whose
7.Why do you always disagree with everything...I say?
a. who , b. which , c.when , d.what
8. this is an awful film. It is the worst...I have never
seen a. who , b. that , c. what , d. whom
9.The hotel ...we stayed was not clean
a.who , b. that , c. where , d. when
10. The last time ...I saw her, she looked very
beautiful a. who , b.that , c. where , d. when
6b7b8b9c10d
11. What was the name of the people ...car had
broken down
a.which , b. who , c.whom , d.whose
12. I recently went back to the town...I was born
a.what , b. where , c.who , d.which
13.The reson...I phoned him was to invite him to a
party
a.what , b. whose , c.why , d.which
14. I don't agree with ...you have just said
a.what , b. who ,c.when , d.which
15. She told me her address...I wrote on a piece of
paper
a. what , b. which , c.when , d. where
viết lại câu
2. Your house is bigger than mine.
My house isn't as big as yours.
4. He did his homework , then he went to bed.
After having done his homework, he went to bed.
5. Jane doesn’t speak English as well as Peter.
Peter speaks E better than Jane.
10. Da Lat is one of the famous landscapes in
Vietnam.I spent my holiday there.
I spent my holiday in Da Lat which is one of the
famous landscapes in Vietnam.
12. The manager asked me to come to his office.
The manager said "could you come to my office".
16. He asked me where he could find her in that town.
He said "where can I find her in this town?"
17. She asked me not to be late.
She said to me "don't be late".
19. The train couldn’t run because of the snow.
The snow prevented the train from running.
26. Nam laughed a lot when I told him the joke.
The joke made Nam laugh a lot.
29. The police continued to watch the house.
The police carried on watching the house.
30. Mr. John gave an interesting speech.
Mr. John spoke interestingly.
31. The sight was right in front of him but he didn’t
notice it.
Although the sight was right in front of him, he didn’t
notice it.
32. The woman was terribly upset. Her dog was run
over.
The woman whose dog was run over was terribly
upset.
34. Let’s go abroad for our holiday this year.
Why don't we go abroad for our holiday this year?
35. I fall asleep as the film was so boring.
I fall asleep because of the boring film.
38. My students are very good at Mathematics.
My students study Mathematics very well.
39. This is the most modern building in this area.
No building in this area is as modern as this one.
40. I asked the students to complete these tasks
yesterday.
I had these tasks completed by the students
yesterday.
47. John drives more carefully than his brother.
John’s brother doesn’t drive as carefully as he.
48. They were such difficult questions that we couldn’t
answer them.
The questions were so difficult that we couldn’t answer
them.
49. Lan didn’t go to the school last Monday because
she was sick.
Because of her sickness, Lan didn’t go to the school
last Monday.
50. Why don’t you bring your brother to the party?
I suggest that he should bring his brother to the party.