Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Assignment: 8 (Solutions) Total: 50: P P T T γ−1) M
Assignment: 8 (Solutions) Total: 50: P P T T γ−1) M
Total: 50
Note: The numerical value marked in red colour is correct answer while the answers within
the numerical range of value given in the blue colour are considered as correct answer.
At a certain location in a flow of air static pressure has been measured to be P = 2.4 bar and
stagnation pressure, P0 = 3 bar. Measurement of the total temperature shows it to be To = 468 K.
Consider Cp=1005 J/kg-K and Cv = 718 J/kg-K for air. Estimate
Answer
Given:
T0 ( γ−1) 2
=1+ M
T 2
468 (1.4−1) 2
=1+ M
439.1 2
ḿ
Mass flow rate per unit area = = ρV
A
5
P 2.4 ×10
ρ= = = 1.904 kg/ m3
RT 287 × 439.1
V
M=
C
V=M×C
ḿ
Mass flow rate per unit area = = ρV = 1.904 × 241.10
A
At the nozzle exit of the certain stage in a steam turbine, absolute velocity is 300 m/s. Rotor
speed is 150 m/s and the nozzle angle is 18. The sum of rotor blade inlet angle and rotor outlet
blade angle is 176.5. Assume the relative velocity at inlet and exit of the rotor are same,
determine for a steam flow rate of 8.5 kg/s,
Answer
Given:
C2 m
From inlet velocity triangle,
W 1 = W 2 =164.01 m/s
c2 m 92.7
Sin (180 - β2 ) = = = 0.565
w2 164.01
β 2 = 145.580
β 2+ β 1 = 176.50
β 1 = 30.920 ( 280−34 0 )
C1 m
From outlet velocity triangle, C1
W1
C1 u = U - W 1 cos( β 1 ) = 150 – 164.01×cos (30.92)
α1 β1
= 9.3 m/s
= 84.28 m/s
Consider a radial inward flow turbine rotating at 23000 rpm with a stagnation pressure ratio of
2.75 and power output of 300 kW. The inlet stagnation temperature of air is 250 C. The relative
angle at which air enters the turbine rotor is 70 and assume the outlet whirl is zero. The rotor tip
diameter is 300 mm and assuming hydraulic efficiency of 90% and mechanical efficiency of
95%. (Density of air at inlet condition is 1.49 kg/m 3 and Cp=1005 J/kg-K and Cv = 718 J/kg-K for
air). Estimate
Answer
Given:
P 02
T 02 = 2500 C = 523 K; = 2.75; P = 300 kW; β 2=700 ; C1 u = 0; d 2 = 300
P 01
mm = 0.3 m;
(1.4−1)/1.4
1
T 01=¿ 523 × ( )
2.75
= 391.72 K
π d2 N π ×0.3 × 23000 β2
U2 = = = 361.28 m/s
60 60
U2
C2 u
W bl = ηh W = 0.9 × 131934.3 = 118740.87 m 2 /s 2
W bl = u2 c 2u −u1 c1 u
118740.87 = u2 c 2u
c 2 u = 328.67 m/s
β 2 = 700
W 2 u = U 2−C 2 u
C2 m = W 2 u tan ( β 2 )
P
ηm =
ḿW bl
P 300× 10
3
ḿ = η W =
m bl 0.95× 118740.87
ḿ = ρa A C2 m
ḿ = ρa (π d 2 b 2)C2 m
2.66 = 1.49 × ( π × 0.3 × b2 ) × 89.6
Steam flows from nozzles at the rate of 0.2 kg/s and speed 900 m/s. It then enters the rotor of
single stage impulse turbine with symmetric blades. The flow leaves the nozzles at an angle of
20, the mean radius of the blades is 120 mm, and the rotor speed is 18000 rpm. Due to the
frictional loss in the rotor blades, kinetic energy of relative flow at rotor exit is 85% of kinetic
energy of relative flow entering the rotor. Determine
9. the absolute velocity of steam leaving the rotor ……… (m/s) (4)
Answer
Given:
ḿ = 0.2 kg/s; C2 = 900 m/s; α 2 = 200 ; r m=¿ 120 mm = 0.12 m; N = 18000 rpm
π dm N π ×(2× 0.12)×18000
4 Um = = = 226.2 m/ C2 m
60 60
β 2 = 153.580 ( 1400−160 0 )
W2 = √W 2u
2
+C 2 m2 = √ 619.522+307.822 = 691.78 m/s
As 15 % of the kinetic energy of the relative velocity is lost, at the exit the kinetic energy of the
relative flow,
1 2 1
W = (0.85) W 22 ; W 1= √ 0.85 W2
2 1 2
As blade is symmetric,
β 2+ β 1 = π
β 1 = 1800−153.58 0 = 26.420
−W 1u = - U + C1 u
= -344.98 m/s
C1m
Sin ( β 1 ) =
W1
= 283.78 m/s
= 53867.27 W
Steam at a velocity of 457 m/s enters an impulse wheel having a nozzle angle of 25. The exit
angle of the moving blade is 20 and the relative velocity may be assumed to remain constant
over the moving blade. If the blade speed is 183 m/s, find
Given:
β 2 = 140.110 ( 1300−150 0 )
W2 = √W 2u
2
+C 2 m2 = √ 231.82+ 193.142
= 301.24 m/s
W 1 = W 2 = 301.24 m/s
= 94107.75 m 2 / s 2
W bl 2 × 94107.75
ηbl = 2 = 2 = 0.9012 = 90.12% (87% - 93%)
C2 /2 457
A Curtis (velocity compounded impulse) turbine has two rows of moving blades with a mean
diameter of 70 Cm. The speed of rotation is 3000 rpm, the nozzle angle is 16 and the steam
velocity at the nozzle outlet is 610 m/s. Assume that the energy loss in each row of blades
(moving and fixed) is 24% of the kinetic energy of the steam entering the blades. Outlet angles
of the blade are as follows: a) First row of moving blades is 18; b) intermediate guide blades
22 and c) second row of moving blades 38. Estimate
14. inlet blade angle of first moving blade ……… () (4)
15. Inlet blade angle of second moving blade ………. () (3)
Answer
Given:
πd m N π ×0.7 × 300
U= = = 109.96 m/s 1W2
1 b2 a
60 60 1 2
❑ 168.14
tan (180 - 1 b 2 ) = −U = 586.37−109.96
180 - 1 b 2 = 19.44
0
1 b 2 = 160.560 ( 1500−170 0 )
= 505.21 m/s
As energy loss in each row of blades (moving and fixed) is 24% of kinetic energy of steam
entering the blades.
So,
1 2 1
❑ = 0.76 × ❑2
2 2
W1 =
1 √ 0.76 × 1W2 = √ 0.76 × 505.21
1C1m
= 440.43 m/s
W
1 1
1 C1m = 1W1 sin ( 1 b1 ) = 440.43 × sin (18) = 136.1 m/s
a1 C
1 1
1 b1
1
1 C1u = 1W1 cos ( 1 b1 ) - U = 440.43 × cos (18) – 109.96 = 308.91 m/s
U 1 C1u
1 C1 = √ 308.91 +136.1
2 2
√❑ +❑
2 2
= = 337.57 m/s
In fixed blade also there is 24% loss of kinetic energy of steam entering the blades
2 b 2 = 145.90 ( 1350−155 0 )